The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-03 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3,18 H.

ACIFIC STEAM NAVIGATION COM-
A. PANY. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1840.
Notice is hereby given, That the Proprietors of this Com-
pany are required to PAY the SIXTH INSTALMENT of
Five Pounds per Share on their respective Shares, to Sir
Charles Price, Bart., and Co., London, on or before the 13th
September next. By order of the Court of Directors,
August 27, 1841. WILLIAM TAGGART, Sac.

This day, in 3 vols. post Bvo.,

STEPHEN DUGARD.
By the Author of
" The Five Knights of St. Alban's," " Nubilia," " First and

Last," &c.

" A powerful novel, by a writer of very considerable ability.
Neither Bulwer, nor even ' Boz,' has come up to it in the
powerful delineation of certain characters.."—Spectator.
-Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
To be had at all the Libraries.

Now ready, in post Bvo., with upwards of Fifty Chaiactefistia
Illustrations by Leech.. price 89.4..
THE COMIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
By the Author of " The Comic Latin Grammar."
-6 A very clever jeu d'esprit, and both in text and embellish-
ments replete with laughable matters. He would be a cynic
indeed who would not con his grammar by this little volume,
and find learning his task about as entertaining a piece of
amusement as could be devised even for play."--Literary Gaz.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

In a sealed Envelope.—This day is published,
APRACTICAL and POPULAR TREA-
TISE, adapted and written expressly for the USE of
the NON-MEDICAL READER, pointing out a successful
and never-failing mode of effectually Curing those dire Dis-
eases depicted in the works of Drs. Tissot, Solomon, Jordan,
Goss, and others. By WILLIAM HENRY CASTLE,
Surgeon. Illustrated with Cases.

This little work is not only distinguished but contra-distin-
guished from all others which have preceded it, its pages being
exclusively devoted to the curative department, and hence it
may be justly hailed as a great national desideratum. It con-
tains above one hundred choice recipes,' adapted to various
stages of the complaint, which is divided into three distinct
heads and progressive stages of treatment, viz. :—lst, The
cleansing, or detergent ; 2dly, The strengthening, or tonic ;
and lastly, The alterative, or purifying. Into these three grand
divisions, theory suggested, and long experience has demon-
strated, the curative plan ought and must be divided.
The treatment of this disease has, for obvious reasons, been
hitherto confined to some cordial balm, occult tincture, or talis-
manic drops, which act merely as a dram—a temporary stimu-
lus, procured at the expense of the patient's future welfare.
The invalid suffering under mental depression and decay,
impotence, and a host of peculiar and inveterate infirmities,
comprehended under nervous debility, will find this Pocket
Manual written expressly for his use, and adapted to his va-
rious wants.

London : Published by Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street
and may be had of all booksellers.
' Price ss. By post free, ss. 6d.

Just published, the Seventh Edition, price 3s. ; and sent free,
on receipt of a Post-office Order, for 3s. ad.,
MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE-
MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for
ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those suf-
fering from the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habits, or Infection ; followed by Observations on the
TREATMENT of SYPHILIS, GONORRH(EA, GLEET,
&c. Illustrated with Cases, &c.

By J. L. CURTIS and COMPANY,
Consulting Surgeons, London.
Published by the Authors, and sold by liailiere Medical
Bookseller to the Royal College of Surgeons, 219, Regent-
street ; Strange, 21, Paternoster-row, London ; Guest, Bir-
mingham ; Sowler, 4, St. Ann's-square, Manchester ' • Philip,
South Castle-street, Liverpool ; Machen and Co., 8, D'Olier-
street, Dublin; Duncan,ll4, High-street, Edinburgh ; and to
be had of all Booksellers.

This Work, a Seventh Edition of which is now presented to
the public, ten thousand copies have been exhausted since its
first appearance, has been very much improved and enlarged
by the addition of a more extended and clear detail of general
principles, as also by the insertion of several new and highly in.
teresting cases. The book, as has been already stated, is the
result of very ample and daily increasing experience in a class
of diseases, which, for some unaccountable reason, have been
either altogether overlooked, or treated almost with indiffer-
ence. by the ordinary medical practitioner. The proverbial
and well known rapacity of unqualified praclitioners, who
traffic on the health and credulity of patients, has been en-
couraged and aroused by this supineness, on the part of the
regular surgeon. la order to obviate the pernicious effects
sure to result from the practices of such pretenders, the
authors have fur a considerable time devoted themselves ex-
clusively to a certain class of diseases; of the necessity of as
doing, they were further convinced by feeling that tact in in-
vestigating the latent sources of many diseases, which arise
from certain secret practices, can only be acquired by an ex-
clusive and undivided attention to this department of medical
practice. The numberless instances daily occurring, wbersin
affections of the lungs, putting on all the outer appearances of
consumption, which, however, when traced to their source.
are found to result from certain baneful practices, fully proves
that the principle of the division of labour, is nowhere more
applicable than in medical practice. We feel no hesitation in
saying that there is no member of society by whom the book
will not be found useful, whether such person hold the relation
of a Parent, a Preceptor, or a Clergyman.
The PARENT, who beholds his beloved child pining
away, and fast approaching to a premature grave, in conse-
quence of 'some disease, which, for want of careful investiga-
tion of its real cause, has been set down to the score of con-
sumption, will, on perusing this work, be astonished to find,
that in nine-tenths of tho cases of young persons of both
sexes, who ' perish of what is called pulmonary consumption,
heart disease, tahes, &c., the sole and exclusive origin has
been the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by
youth much more frequently than it. is at all suspected.
The PRECEPTOR, also, who holds (temporarily at
least), the relation and responsibility of a parent, will,
by perusing. this work, be directed and very much
assisted in investigating and detecting the too often con-
cealed practices so often introduced into schools, whereby the
health and ultimately the lives of his pupils are sure to be com-
promised, unless the evil be arrested in proper time. He will
here find a clue to guide him through the intricate mazes of
this moral labyrinth, and a standard whereby to julge, when
delicacy of health should appear to attack any of his young
charges, what the real causes of such attack may be, and thus
he will be enabled to check the evil in its incipient state.

The CLERGYMAN, in whose sacred character is at once
concentrated the two-fold relation of parent and instructor. will
here be directed as to the nature of those habits t• which
youth is addicted; he will also be enabled to point out the dis-
astrous consequences which are sure t• follow from them if not
relinquished.
Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their
residence, Nu. 7, Frith-street, Soho-square, London.
Country Patients are requested to be as rainnte as possible in
the detail of their cases—as to the duration of the complaint,
the symptoms, age, general habits of living, and occupation.4n
life of the party ; the communication must be accompanied by
the usual Consultation Fee of 11., without which no notice
whatever can be taken of their application ; and in all cases, the
most inviolable secrecy may be relied on.

TO SHIPPERS, OWNERS, CAPTAIN ',and OTHERS.
Copies of Testimonials, Gratis, by all Agents.
Glt IMSTONE'S EYE SNUFF.—Under the
Patronage of his late Majesty, h'r Royal Highness the
Duchess of Kent, and the Lords of the Treasury, is universally
recommended by the Faculty for its efficacy in removing dis-
orders incident to the Eyes and Head.
SIGHT RESTORED!—NERVOUS HEAD-ACHE
AND DEAFNESS CURED!
By the most simple, delightfu,, and fragrant Compound!
Its mode of applioition is fraught with pleasure; many thou-
sand cures have been ae4vinplished by its use, at a trifling ex-
pense, yet certain in its opr,-,ttion. If testimonies be necessary
toi a duce the sufferer to make t'igir Kings, Lords, and Com.
mons have used it. The Lords of the Treasury have sanctioned
its use. Their late Majesties, the Duchs'ci of Kent, the most
eminent Oculists, Medical Practitioners—;C' that that gigantic
balance, the Press—have eulogised Grimsteris•-76. eeiebratrd
Herbaceous Compound. known as " Grimstone's Es .:4 Snuff,"
for its efficacy in removing all diseases incident to the Eyes' '`ll!‘
Head. G. J. Guthrie, Esq., F.R.S. See J. B. Lachfield,
Esq.'s Letter, Whitehall. Dr. Thomas. Dr. Andrews r ails
it a national blessing—see his Reports touching its utility. The
late Mr. Abernethy, with many others, recommend Grim-
stone's Eye Snuff, and call it " Man's best Friend," anti the
" Student's Vade Mecum."—See the many thousand Letters
of Testimonies, of undoubted medical authority, with others of
the first respectability.

THE VISITORS of the ROYAL POLY-
TECHNIC INSTITUTION are respectfully informed,
that, AF CER TO-MORROW„ the 4th of September, the
Institution will NOT BE OPENED ON THE SATUR-
DAY EVENINGS. It will be continued open on all other
Evenings, as yell as in the Mornings, with the new and varied
Lectures, ORRERY, DISSOLVING VIEWS, and nearly
Two Thousand Works which display eminent art, science, and
ingenuity, t 9 which constalit novelties are added.
Admission, One Shilling.

FAGLE INSURANCE 'COMPANY.—
Notice is hereby given, That pursuant to the Deed of
Settlement, an ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the
Proprietors of ten or more shares will be held at the Offices of
the Company, No. 3, the Crescent, New Bridge-street, Black-
friars, on FRIDAY, the Ist October next, at Twelve for One
o'clock precisely, for the purpose of receiving the Accounts of
the Company, and of electing Four Directors, in the room of
WILLIAM WY BROW, Esq..
The Right lion. Sir GORE OUSELEY, Batt., F. R. S.,
Sir ARCHER DENMAN CROFT, Bart.,
.10EIN SPURGIN, M.D.;

and One Auditor, in the room of
THOMAS GODFREY SAMBROOKE, Esq. ;
who go out by rotation, but who ate eligible to he re-elected.
(By order) HENRY I'. SMITH, Actuary.
3, the Crescent, New Bridge-street, Blaelicriars.
September 2, 1841.
By a Bye Law, no perseu can be, r candid de for the office
of Director or Auditor unlese—U 441 givelablice thereof in
writing to ttie Actuary, fourteen days as the least previous to
the General Meeting.

STONE AND STAFORDSHIRE BREWERY.
MO be LET or SOLD, this eligible
BREWERY, situate in the populous and manufacturing
district of the Potteries, and commanding an extensive trade.
The premises consist of an excellent brew-house and tun-
room, malt-house to steep ten quarters, store•house, and vault,
stabling and cottages, field, capital residence, and garden. The
plant comprises two coppers, mash-tun to wet fifteen quarters,
and corresponding utensils, refrigerator, and steam engine,
which, with the casks, stock of beer, and book debts, may be
taken on fair terms. A moiety or more of the amount of the
valuation may remain, on security, for the convenience of a
purchaser if required.
Letters to be addressed for further particulars to Mr. Willis,
Brewery Agent, No. 20, Fenchurch-street, London.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE
(LLOYDS.

VESSELS SPOKEN WITH.—The Flora, Hoge, 27th
June, lat. 30 S., long. 27, by the Pilot, arrived at Swansea,
Ocean, 20th ult., lat. 43, long. 36, Oporto to Newfound-
land, by the Hope packet, .arrived at Falmouth. Ann
Brig Yankee, 30th ult., lat. 49, long. 10, by the ditto,
arrived at ditto. Annandale,.loth ult., lat. 22, long. 30,
bound to Jamaica ; Robert and Jane, 23d ult., lat. 43,
long. 32, Cadiz to Newfoundland ; John Francis, of
London, 24th ult., lat. 44, long. 28, by the Linnet
packet, arrived at ditto. Richard, 4th ult. from New-
castle off Malaga ; Vivacious, sth, Newcastle to Algiers,
by the Catharine, arrived in the Creek. Jack, London
to Sydney, 20th Feb., lat. 31 S., long. 2 l W., by the
Earl Durham, arrived at Sydney. Sheer Ilulk, of
Liverpool, in the Gulph of St. Lawrence, sth ult., by
the Julie, arrived at Bristol. Nerio, of Salcomble, from
Liverpool, 21st ult., lat. 50, long. 10 ; Maranon, London
to Quebec, 18th ult., lat. 46, long. 33, by the Englinton,
arrived in the Clyde. Tomlinson, of Dublin, 10th ult.,
off Cape St. Vincent ; Fox, of Falmout, 23d ult., lat. 46,
long. 9 ; Richard Watson, from Troonr and Black-Dog.
25th ult., lat. 49, long. 7, by the Fanny Palmer, arrived
at Bristol.

QUARANTINE REGULATIONS AT MESSINA.
Messina, August 14, 1841.

Sir—With reference to my respects 28th Jul., (see
our paper of the 14th August), I beg leave to inform
you that a few days afterwards the vessels lately arrived
from England were v%:th their cargoes immediately re-
leased from quarantine, which now continues as hereto-
fore on the footing of ten days of observation.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
(Signed) J. A. FISHER, Agent to Lloyd's.
W. Dobson, Esq., Secretary to Lloyd's, London. -

SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF

THE POOR-LAW -COMMiSSIONERS.
The Seventh Annual Report of the Poor-law Com-
missioners, just issued, carries on the history of the pro •
gross of this great measure, both in England and Ire-
land, down to the present time ; and, with respect to
Ireland, particularly, presents a very favourable picture
of the benefits already produced by its operation, within
a much shorter period than could have been reasonably
anticipated.
In England, the first point to be noted is the ope-
rat:on of what is called the " prohibitory order,"
during the last severe winter. • The prohibitory order,
that is, the order withholding out-door -relief from a!ale-
bodied persons in health, was supported, with only a few
exceptions, in which it had been for some time in force, and
in the majority of the unions to which it had been more
recently issued ; and even in the unions Which were un-
able to carry it fully into effect, a considerable progress
was made towards its ultimate observance. The Com-
missioners remark, respecting the ()Oration of the pro-
hibition of out-door relief to the able-bodied in health,
that it has produced the greatest amount of benefit, with
the least amount of suffering, in the places where it has
been in force for the longest time ; a fact which proves
that the 'difficulties attending its enforcement has arisen
chiefly from the changes which it necessitates on its first
introduction, and that they are not inherent in the con-
dition of the labouring classes, and in the means by
which they obtain their subsistence. The number of
unions and parishes under Boards of Guardians to which
an order, prohibiting out-door relief of the able-bodied
has been issued in some form, is 437 ; the number to
which no such order has been sent is •151.
- In their report for 1839, the Poor-law Commissioners
stated their objections to the system of advertiling fur
the services of medical officers, and gave their opinion
that the best mode of remunerating medical officers was
by a gross sum in respect of a pauper list, cornpriAng
all those who at the_ commencement of the parochial
year are in the receipt of relief, with the addition of a
fixed sum for _able-bodied paupers and their families,
who could not properly be placed on the pauper list.
They also recommended that the districts fur medical
relief should be of moderate size, so far as circum-
stances would permit, and they indicated within certain
limits. the amount of remuneration which they deemed
to be reasonably, suggesting that fractures, amputations,
and other difficult surgical operations, shoe'd ho
paid for at a separate and higher rate of
charge. Early in the present year the Commis-
sioners took the subject of medical relief again
into their consideration, and issued a circular on
the subject to a large number of Boards of Guardians
throughout the country: The answers to this circular
showed to the Commissioners that the Boards of Guar-
dians generally are averse to the adoption of the per-case
system of medical remuneration, and that they will con-
tinue to remunerate their medical officers by fixed sala-
ries, unless prevented from doily, so by the regulations
of the Commissioners, or 'by the direct interference cf
Parliament.

In consequence of some recent instances of excessive
or improper punishment inflicted by masters of work-
houses upon some of the pauper inmates, the Commis-
sioners have prepared a new set of regulations on the
subject, which are to be issued generally to the unions.
The Commissioners have also kept constantly in view
the securing to the unions the services of an efficient
body of officers ; and although this object can only be
partially effected by the Commissioners, since the officers
are appointed by the Guardians, the Commissioners have
endeavoured to raise the standard by dismissing incom-
petent officers, and by maintaining the salaries at a pro-
per height.
The Commissioners some time ago issued orders to a
large number of the Board of Guardians, authorising
them to appoint a clergyman of the Established Church
as chaplain to the workhouse. A Board of Guardians
resisted the validity of the order, and it was brought be-
fore the Court of Queen's Bench. The judgment of the
Court was confirmatory of the validity of the order, and
established the power of the Commissioners to direct a
Board of Guardians to appoint as chaplain for the work-
house a clergyman of the Church of England. Out of
the unions and parishes governed by Boards of Guar-
dians, 346 unions end eight parishes hare appointed paid
chaplains.
In order to carry into effect the spirit as well as the pro-
visions of the section of the Poor-law Amendment Act,
which secures to every inmate of a workhouse the power
of receiving the visits of a minister of his own religious
denomination, the Commissioners, looking to the help-
less and unprotected condition of the inmates of
workhouses, have thought it objectionable, on grounds
of general policy, that they should be exposed to at-
tempts made for the purpose of changing their religious
opinions. With this impression they have expressed
their conviction that inmates of workhouses, who are
members of the Church of England, ought not to be
present at any divine service performed by a Dissenting
minister in a workhouse, especially if the inmate be an
adult. On the other hand, they have not thought it ne-
cessary to object to the indiscriminate presence of Pro-
testant Dissenters of all persuasions at the divine ser-
vice performed in a workhouse by a Protestant Dissent-
ing minister. Progress has been made in extending the
provisions of the new Poor-law to new districts, espe-
cially in the manufacturing districts. Thus Manchester
and Liverpool are now under Boards of Guardians.
The number or plaoos not yot pinood under Boards of
Guardians, and which are still under local Acts, or
Gilbert's Act, is 776, containing a population, according
to the census of 1831, of 1,715,156.

. „
In consequence of instructions from the Government.
measures were taken for reducing the number of Assist-
ant Commissioners in England. There were seventeen
Assistant Commissioners, each having a district. At the
present time there are thirteen, each having a district.
The Commissioners intend to fix the number of districts
at twelve, below which number they do not think they
ought to be reduced. Some of the districts, from their
area, and the number of their unions, almost exceed the
powers of a single Assistant Commissioner. For instance,
the whole of Wales, with parts of Herefordshire and
Shropshire, form one district. Another district compre-
hends Northumberland, Cumberland, Durham, and the
North Riding of Yorkshire.
The Commissioners, in concluding their account of
their proceedings in England, affirm that they have faith-
fully endeavoured to fulfil the intentions of the Legisla-
ture, as embodied in the Poor-law Amendment Act ; and
declare that, so fat. from their powers being absolute and
arbitrary, as they are sometimes supposed to b, they are
subject to nearly all the possible varieties of responsibi-
lity, both legal and moral, in respect of their official
acts, forming,l in the aggregate, a security against the
abuses of power which can never be obtained against tha
acts of a merely local authority.

In Ireland the introduction of the Poor-law has been
very general. The whole country has been divided into
130 unions, which are all formed, and there is reason to
believe that the new combination into which the whole
of Ireland has now been formed will work harmoniously,
and be productive of very important benefits, independ-
ently of Poor-law administration. A large number of
union work-houses have been built, or are buildlng.
The chief desideratum at present is a suitable nio.le of
employment for the inmates of the workhouses. The mate
paupers are, for the most part, elderly, and more or less
infirm, although most of them are able to do something;
and with the view of keeping such of them from idleness
as are not employed in stone-breaking, oakum-picking,
cultivating the garden, and in the several kinds of house-
hold work to be performed in their own wards, a hand-
mill has been provided for the use of the establishment,
and other means will be resorted to as time and opportu-
nity serve.• For the female inmates there is less difficulty
in finding employment. The ordinary occupation of the
establishment, joined to making and mending the linen,
&c., knitting stockings, picking oakum, and attending
the children and the sick, have hitherto furnished occu-
pation for the far greater number of them ; but still so
numerous is this class of inmates, and so much has been
accomplished in the way of needlework and knitting,
that houses are at this moment supplied with a sufficiency
of clothing, made by the inmates themselves.
Shortly after the workhouses of the two Dublin unions
were opened, a marked reduction took place in the num-
ber of beggars who usually infested the seeets and
neighbourhood of the city, and persons who had before
been sceptical as to the results of the poor relief Act,
were now heard to express themselves favourably of a
measure which thus appeared to Wave rid them of
the mendicants. A considerable portion of the beggars
had then in fact been received into the workhouses,
and thus the public were relieved from their
solicitations ; but this relief was only temporary, for
the vacuum caused by the reception of these beggars into
the workhouses, was soon filled by a fresh influx f-on,
the surrounding districts. Many, 'also, who had entered
the workhouses, either as an experiment, or through an
apprehension that mendicancy would no longer be per-
mitted, again left them, and resumed their for.ner habits
of idleness and irregularity, subsistinot, by begging, as
before ; and thus, after a short time, the streets and su-
burbs of Dublin were as fully stocked with beggars as
ever, or perhapa more so.
This circumstance seems to have opened the eves of
the inhabitants of Dublin, and to have produced a very
general conviction of the necessity of some enactment
for the suppression of mendicancy. The repression of
mendicancy is stated by the Commissioners as necessary
in every union, and so long, as the workhouse is open,
and available for the relief of the destitute. This
conviction, they are satisfied, is also felt generally
throughout the country, particularly by the
small farmers and occupiers, who are indeed
the chief sufferers, the contributions being for the
most part levied upon them. The congregation of the
beggars in towns at certain periods, or at certain hours
of the day, gives an appearance of the pressure bring
greater than in the neighbouring rural clistricts ; but
such is not the case, the alms which the mendicant col-
lects in the country being almost always taken to the
tow a for consumption, or for the purpose of being sold
or exchanged to supply his wants or minister to his ap-
petites.
The Commissioners think it manifest that this state of
things should not be permitted to continue, and that it
becomes a duty to protect the inhabitants of a union from
the pressure of mendicancy, when they ere compelled to
pay a tax for relieving the destitute. It has been thought
by some that persons will cease to give to beggars when
called upon to pay poor-rates ; and that mendicancy
will thus, without the enactment of any new law for its
repression, be put an end to, cr at least be so reduced as no
lonner, to be the great public evil it unquestionably Low