The Sun.
London, England, 1847-12-30 00:00:00

between the duties paid on goods imported under the
Spanish flag, ant those imported under foreign flags,
and between the duties on direct and indirect impor-
..

tation, is so great as almost to exclude German ships,
as well as all indirect importations.
Portugal has also established her own navigation
act by a Royal decree of 1841, according to which
foreign ships are only to be placed on an equality
withrthe ships of the country when they ix, port the
produce of their own countries. The produce of
Mecklenburgh, imported under the Prussian flag,
pays an additional duty of 20 per cent. The treaties
with Portugal, entered into by some of the states of
the Zollverein, such as Mecklenburgh and Olden-
burgh (in 1844 and 1845) have effected no ameliora-
tion herein, but they afford a remarkable proof of
how little hesitation has been evinced in acknowledg-
ing this new navigation act, though not one practical
benefit can be derived from it. Here the expectation
expressed in section 8 of the projected treaty, that
foreign states would consider all the states of the
union as forming one and the same country, becomes
of great importance ; and the reservation regarding
the levying of double harbour dues and extraordinary
tonnage duties, would here come into force, as on
the Ist of January, 1848, notice may be given to
terminate all these treaties mentioned above, which
might other wise interfere with this arrangement. In
addition to this, differential duties would be levied on
non• Portuguese produce, imported into German ports
under the Portuguese flag.
With Sardinia there exist treaties by which Prus-
sia is bound till 1852, Hanover and Denmark till
1853, and the Hanse Town's till 1854 ; and which will
prevent up to those dates all additional differential
charges on Sardinian shipping. The duties on goods
are also, according to these treaties, to continue equal,
the German States having, however, reserved to them-
selves the right (Prussia and Denmark from 1848,
and Hanover from 1849) of imposing differential
duties on olive oil, corn, and wine imported in Sar-
dinian vessels from the Mediterranean, if Sardinia
does not before that period abolish her duties—an
exception which, during the course of the present
more general considerations, may be left out of view.
Naples allows a discount of 10 per cent. on the
duties on direct imports under her own flag, and un-
der the flag of certain favoured nations importing
their own produce; advantages in which German ships
(those of Austria, Prussia, and Holstein excepted)
have not as yet participated. In retaliation, imports
in Neapolitan vessels would also be subjected to dif-
ferential duties.
In Tuscany the national flag is favoured, inasmuch
as double anchorage dues and double fees for permis-
sion to clear out are imposed upon foreign ships.
Some foreign flags are, however, by reciprocity trea-
ties or by declarations, placed on an equal footing
with the national flag; and it would probably not be
difficult for the German states to obtain an exchange
of similar declarations.

The other states of the Mediterranean give the
German states no cause for complaint, and conse-
quently afford no grounds for retaliatory measures.
In Russia the ships of the German states are, in
virtue of an interchange of declarations, placed on an
equal footing with Rnssian ships.
In Sweden and Norway the same is done, in
accordance with existing treaties; but Sweden allows
a discount of 15, 20, and 33f per cent. (according to
the distance from which they come) on the duties on
all direct importations from nen-European pro-
ducing countries; a measure which certainly oper-
ates to the detriment of such prcduce when coming
from European ports. For such an instance as
this the treaty has not reserved any retaliatory mea-
sure ; however, should one be adopted, it cannot
consistently be other than the imposition of differential
duties on non-European productions imported from
Swedish ports, whereby it must be taken into con-
sideration that, even as it is, such importations seldom
or never take place.
The United States of North America act on the
principle of complete reciprocity, so that the differen-
tial shipping charges on the additional duty of ten per
cent. imposed on goods imported under foreign flags,
are not levied on ships belonging to such states as
declare and prove that in their ports North American
ships enjoy the same right as their own. The German
States can, consequently, at once place their flags in
North America on an equal footing with the national
flag, and have in some instances already done so by
treaty; as regards the United States, therefore, no
cause for differential duties exists.
The treatment which the ships of the German States
meet within other transatlantic countries, does not
afford grounds for complaint; they are there generally
placed on an equal footing with the national ships ;
and German produce enjoys equal rights with the most
favoured nations. Here again, then, there are no
grounds for retaliatory measures.
Finally, we have to mention Denmark, though no
decided opinion has been pronounced as to the pro-
priety of inviting this state to
,loin a German anion
for trade and navigation. To distinguish between all
or some of the German ports of the monarchy and
the Danish ports, would he attended with much diffi-
culty, as no difference is made between the ships of
Holstein and those of Denmark Proper. But for the
purposes of the present section of our inquiry, this
question will only be taken into consideration in so
far as Denmark, should she join the union, would
probably, by existing treaties with France, be pre-
vented for an indefinite period from placing French
vessels, IN:ith regard to shipping dues, under any dis-
advantages not participated, in by her own vessels.
Should Denmark not join the union, her vessels would,
nevertheless, in virtue of existing treaties, which
cannot immediately be abrogated, enjoy in German
ports equal rights with German ships.
Judging from this rapid survey of the relations of
Germany to each foreign state in particular, and
supposing, as we have in the first instance done, that
the reserved conditions have at once been carried
into effect, matters would, under the new navigation
system, stand thus : in all German ports there would
be levied,
1. Higher shipping dues, i. e., double port charges,
and extra tonnage duties on Dutch, French, and
Spanish vessels.
2. Higher duties (regulated according to the flag)
on all goods imported under the Dutch, French,
Spanish, or Portuguese flags.
3. Higher customs duties (according to the port of
shipment, without distinction of flag) on non-British
produce coming from Great Britain, of non-Belgian
produce coming from Belgium, on goods from France
not French produce, and on goods not the produce
of Spain ur Portugal, but coming from the ports of
the Peninsula.
In this statement of the practical workings of the
new system, we have left out of consideration such
measures as are not explicitly mentioned in the pro
jected treaty, but which are pointed out by those
who are in favour of the treaty as necessarily result-
ing from the other measures, and are warmly recom-
mended by them.
It has been remarked that the end to be gained by
the imposition of additional duties on the indirect
importations of certain couktries, or on the indirect
importations of certain commodities, might be evaded,
if these importations were allowed to pass untaxed
through the ports of such states as may not have
afforded any grounds for complaint; and if a similar
distinction between direct and indirect imports were
not to be made on the land frontiers also. It is re-
commended, as the least evil, to treat all such im-
portations as if they were indirect. Supposing that
it were possible that the union could answer its pur-
pose, even if it should not comprise all the German
states, or at least if it should not immediately com-
prise them all, then the retaliatory measures would
also probably be applied to those German states that
had not acceded to the union. It is sufficient to
allude to those grievances ; they could not, however,
be passed over in silence, as it will be necessary, in the
course of our statement, to refer to these proposals also.
(To be continued.)

INSTITUTION FOR THE ADULT DEAF AND DUMB,
RED LION SQUARE.--Yesterday, At a meeting of the
committee of management of the institution for provid-
ing employment and religious instruction, and teaching
trades to the adult deaf and dumb, it was stated that the
secretary, James G. Simpson, Esq., had received various
applications from reverend and other gentlemen in the
provincial districts, interceding for the admission of
afflicted youths into the institution, to be instructed in
the trades of shoemaking, tailoring, EGc.. The cases in
several instances were understood to be of a very de-
serving nature, but owing to the pressure upon the funds
of the charity, the applications were compelled to be
deferred or refused, although principally of an urgent
character. An earnest hope was expressed that the co-
operation of the affluent would not be wanting during
the coming winter, to enable the committee to meet at
least the more urgent demands upon the institution. It
was mentioned as a singular fact, that during the recent
great prevalence of the influenza, when scarcely a single
house was free from the epidemic, that not one of the
several inmates of this charity, either male or female,
had been in the slightest degree attacked.:
PRESENCE OF MIND IN A. BOY.--A few Sabbath
nights since, a lad of about nine or ten years old fell
asleep in the parish church of Cloy, Essex, during Di-
vine service, and did not wake until some time after the
departure of the congregation. On awaking he found
himself alone and in the dark ; summoning up courage,
he groped about to find the door, in order to try and
undo a bolt, which would have liberated him ; this,
however, he had not strength to perform. He next
tried a window with as little success ; nothing daunted,
the youngster thought of the bell, the rope of which
he soon discovered, and thereby did "a tale unfold" to
the clerk and sexton, who soon came to his rescue. The
boy's family, alarmed at his absence, were about pro-
ceeding to the church in search of him, when the bell
told the tale of his imprisonment. How many " children
of a larger growth" would have died with terror ?
Local Paper.
A frightful accident occurred a few days ago in a
sugar refinery in the Faubourg d'lsle of Saint Quentin;
a young workman fell into a vat full of boiling sugar.
He was immediately dragged out by one of his fellow-
workmen, bet was so much injured that he died two
days afterwards.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, Dec. 29.
(Before Mr. Commissioner EVANS.)
IN RE CITHEY.

The bankrupt, a merchant in Philpot-lane, City,
came up on his last examination, and passed without
opposition.
Mr. Lawrence appeared for the bankrupt.
IN RE LEWIS.

W. H. Lewis, a honnet•maker, on Ludgate-hill,
came up fur his certificate, and obtained it without
opposition.
Mr. Lawrence was solicitor to the fist.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
MANSION-HOUSE.
A boy about twelve years of age, named William
Lipley, was brought before the Lord Mayor and
Alderman Hughes, charged with having stolen a
piece of beef.
From the statement of Spittle, the city officer, it
appeared that the prisoner belonged to a most dan-
gerons gang of little boys, who were very much prac-
tised in robbing females in Bishopsgate-street and
Leadenhall market, and whose diminutive size gave
them facilities unknown to children of larger growth.
The witness had frequently turned the prisoner out
of the neighbourhood and threatened to bring him
before the Lord Mayor, and mentioned some of his
former misdeeds is order to procure for him a most
unwelcome addition to the usual punishment in a
sound flogging, which the City magistrates have long
considered it necessary to revive against customers of
the class. All expostulation however had proved un-
availing—every day the prisoner was to be seen,
with his active associates, at the heels of women, who
were sure, upon reaching home, to miss their money
or parts of their dress. The prisoner Was known to
be expert at the game, but he was seen 'distinctly ap-
propriating the piece of beef, which he slipped off a
block in the market, and was taking to get made into
soup.
The LORD MAYOR—Do you say this boy is an
old hand at thieving ? The Officer—Certainly my
Lord ; he has often been in custody. When I caught
him, I asked him where he supposed he should at
last go to ? "Goto !" said he, " why to the gallows
to be sure."
The Loma MAYOR—Did you say so, prisoner?
—The boy—Yes, the man's right enough. I did
say so.
The LORD MAYOR Well, if something be not
done to prevent it, I am of opinion that you are right
in your conjecture. We are determined to send you
to prison for fourteen days, to live upon bread and
water, and to be well flogged before you are set at
liberty.
The prisoner then, without exhibiting any appre-
hension, left the bar. Although he will not meet
Jack Ketch, of whom it seems he often speaks, on the
platform, he will certainly meet that functionary
armed with the lash, as the hangman is about to
resume his old favourite method of infliction imme-
diately amongst the juvenile incorrigibles.
George Lee, a rough, down-looking fellow, who
had been lately pardoned, was charged with having
stolen a watch, to get at which he had broken two
large panes of plate glass, value 51., in the shop of
Mr. Mitchell, of No. 30, Cornhill, watchmaker and
jeweller.
The shopman of Mr. Mitchell, at about a quarter
past five o'clock, heard a crash at the window, and
saw that two panes had been broken, and that one
watch was missing from the tray. The offence was
scarcely committed before the prisoner was in the
custody of a policeman, who seized him, and took the
missing watch out of his trousers pocket.
The LORD MAYOR—Have you anything to say,
prisoner ? Prisoner—Nothing at all.
On the prisoner's person was found a certificate
from the proper officer, stating that the prisoner, who
was sentenced to be transported in the year 1842,
had received a free pardon from her Majesty on the
3d of December, on which day he had been discharged
from the hulks with 4/. 4s. 6d. in his pocket, to which
he was considered entitled on his discharge.
The LORD MAYOR—Prisoner, what were you found
guilty of on the former occasion ? Prisoner—The
same sort of thing—a watch.
The LORD MAYOR—Had he any money about him ?
The officer—Not a farthing.
The LORD MAYOR—Why, prisoner, you had not
the excuse of no money to plead here, for you were
in possession of 4/. 4s. 6d. at once upon leaving the
hulks. The prisoner nodded assent.
Some gentlemen of the trade and neighbourhood
said they had still to lament the want of adequate
protection.
The LORD MAYOR said the evidence of the promp-
titude with which the apprehension of the offender
was made by the policeman was quite satisfactory,
and he did not see how it was possible to prevent a
man who provided himself with a stone from smashing
a window.
It was represented upon the part of the jewellers,
that there was a marked disproportion between the
punishment to which the last person convicted 01
smashing windows and stealing watches was ad-
judged and the offence, and a hope was expressed
that the evidence in the present case would not prove
weak.
The LORD MAYOR said the prisoner was sure to be
convicted, and that the former conviction being exhi-
bited against him there could be no doubt as to his
removal from this country.
The prisoner was then committed for trial.
A lad named Henry Denkrd, who was in the ser-
vice of Mr. Marks, a broker, was charged with
having robbed his master of two looking-glasses.
The prisoner had put the glasses into a bag and
was taking them to a place of sale, when he was met
by a policeman, who suspected that all was not right,
and found upon questioning hun that all was the other
way. The prisoner not liking the position in which
he stood, made a rapid movement towards a crowd
of persons who were able and willing to render
assiatance to an individual so unfortunately circum-
stanced, but the attempt was vain., Ile officers
afterwards found that the prisoner had previously
disposed of a looking-glass which he had also stolen
from his master.
The prisoner told a rambling story, one word of
which did not obtain credit, in excuse for the rob-
bery, and said he was in vain importuned by a r_dative
of the master to take away the property for a long
time, and when at last he did take it he meant to do
nothing with it but to return it to the real owner
immediately.
It was quite clear to everybody that this attempt
to cast the blame upon another boy was a most out-
rageous violation of truth, and an act of the grossest
villany.
The prisoner was at once committed for trial.
A young woman, named Catherine Hamilton, was
charged with having committed a desperate assault
upon a respectable female.
The prosecutrix never beheld the defendant before
she received a blow which levelled her. A policeman,
hearing screams and seeing a crowd, ran to the spot,
and asked who knocked the lady down ? "It was
I," said the defendant, who looked as if she had es-
caped from a mad-house, "and I'll give her more of
the same sort." The action was suited to the word,
notwithstanding the presence of the numbers of per-
sons around and the policeman. The defendant seized
the prosecutrix by the hair, and dragged her along.
The poor woman was attacked with convulsive fits,
and it was some time before the fury could be sepa-
rated from her. The assailant had been all the morn-
ing paying court to the bottle.—Committed for trial.
GUILDHALL.
CHRISTMAS- BOXES FOR POSTMEN.—An elderly
person of the name of Gordon was placed in the dock,
charged with attempting to obtain money under the
pretence of being a postman.
James Green, a postman, stated that he understood
the prisoner had called at several places in the City,
and representing himself as a postman, asked for a
Christmas-box. On seeing him yesterday he gave
him into custody.
Henry Taylor, clerk to Mr. Lochner, proctor, 13,
Great Carter-street, stated that the prisoner had,
about eleven o'clock yesterday, applied for a Christ-
mas-box. He told him that the Post-office authorities
had abolished the practice of Christmas-boxes, and he
was therefore surprised that any claim should be made
for one.
Other persons gave testimony of a similar nature.
An inspector from the Post-office said that the pri-
soner had been in the service of the Post-office, but
had been discharged about eleven months ago.
The prisoner solemnly assured the magistrate that
be was not the person.
The case was remanded.
Thomas Ridgway, a tailor, was finally examined
on suspicion of having passed a bad half-crown, by
sending a little girl into a baker's shop to purcl:ase a
loaf. The prisoner was apprehended half an hour
afterwards, near the spot, being pointed out by the
girl to a policeman, who followed the prisoner as far
as Sermon-lane before he stopped him, the prisoner
running, or walking fast, over the intermediate
distance.
Mr. Wontner, on behalf of the prisoner, explained
that his conduct in this respect arose from his having
come out in his working slippers to buy some trim-
mings, and a fine rain beginning to fall.
After a long hearing, Mr. Alderman Glnns dis-
missed the charge, observing that the girl's recognition
was countervailed by the evidence of a little boy who
was employed in the same manner by the same cul-
prit, and who said that the prisoner was not the per-
son. The prisoner had received such an excellent
character that he thought no jury would convict him,
and he therefore discharged him.
John Douglas, a soldier-like-looking man, about
thirty years of age, was charged on his own confes-
sion, with having surrendered to the police as a de-
serter from the 50th Foot, in 1835. He said the
regiment was now serving in India, and he had never
joined it.

While he was in the justice room he rescinded his
confession, and declared it was all untrue, and that he
was a labourer in the docks.

Mr. Alderman GIBBS, in the absence of any proof

that he was a deserter, committed him for fourteen
days as a rogue and vagabond for pretending to be
one, when, upon his own admission, he was not sb.

THAMES.
STABBING. John Robinson, an elderly grey-
headed man, who was formerly in the army, and is at
present in the receipt of a pension, was charged with
feloniously wounding Mr. Edward Hodges, landlord
of the White Horse public-house, Poplar.
It appeared that, yesterday morning, a 3 Mr. Hodges
was standing in the passage of his house, he heard his
barman having a dispute with some person, and on
inquiring what was the matter, the barman told him
that the prisoner had been supplied with twopenny
worth of rum, but positively declared he would not
pay for it. Mr. Hodges on this collared the prisoner.
Angry words ensued, and Mr. Hodges's daughter,
who was present, suddenly exclaimed, " Oh, my God,
father ! he has a sword in his hand." This naturally
made him drawback, and at the same time he felt the
point of something enter his left thigh, which he found
to be the sharp edge of what is termed a sword-stick,
and which the prisoner was brandishing in his hand.
On examination, Mr. Hodges found a small wound
on his thigh. .

Watkins, the police-constable, who took the pri-
soner in charge, produced the sword-stick, which was
a most murderous looking weapon, the blade being
shaped like a bayonet, very long and poiutcd as a
stiletto.

In defence the prisoner alleged that if he touched
➢lr. Hodges at all, it must have been by accident.
Mr. YARDLEY said his duty was to commit him to
take his trial for the felonious wounding.
SOUTHWARK.

Two young women, inmates of St. George's work-
house, were brought before Mr. Secker, charged
with creating a disturbance, and threatening the life
of the matron.

The latter said that the prisoners were a complete
terror to all the other inmates, and had been twenty
times in prison for riotous conduct. That morning
they refused to get up at the usual hour, and upon
being remonstrated with, used most dreadful lan-
guage. At ten o'clock they came down stairs,
exclaiming that they would murder her unless they
were served with their breakfast. Witness was then
in the bread-room, and the prisoners attempted to
force their way into the place; and had not the
porter and some cf the females come to her assistance,
she really believed that she would have been mur-
dered. The police were then called in, and they
were given into custody.
In answer to the charge, the prisoners said that it
was all a tissue of falsehoods.
Police-constable 80 M said that when he was
called to take the prisoners into custody, they used
most disgusting language, and threatened to murder
the matron.
Mr. SECKER said he should sentence them to
twenty-one days' itnpri,onment each.