The Sun.
London, England, 1847-06-03 00:00:00

THE SLAVONIC NATIONS.

The first of a series of lectures on the political and
intellectual development and present condition of the
Slavonic nations, was delivered on Saturday, at Willis's
Rooms, by Count Valerian Krasinski.
The Slavonic nations (tie said) constitute the most
numerous race of Europe, and they occupy not only the
largest portion of its territory, bu the whole of Asia
westward to the 52d degree of latitude. Although still
intermingled with other rations, which are, however,
gradually absorbed by the Slavonic elements, the
Slavonic tongue extends from the banks of tke Oder, the
upper parts of the Elbe, the borders of the Tyrol, and
Italy (it is speken in the vicinity of Udine), and the
shores of the Aeriatic eastward to the Black and Caspian
Seas, and even the Pacific °coon ; from the frozen
regions of the Northern 0 e..n to the Caucasian moun-
tains, and elmoet to the shores of the Mediterranean.
The population of the Slavonic race amounts now to
about 80 millions, and the lands which it occupies
.pre-
sents facilities for an indefinite increase of these num-
bers, whilst western Europe is comparatively over-
peopled, so that a very large increase of its inhabitants
must be attended by all the disadvantages of over-
population. It is, therefore, evident that the Slavonic
notions must exercise a decisive influence on the destinies
of Europe. This influence will entirely depend upon
the nature of the political and intellectual development
of these nations, consequently it is only a knowledge of
the history and of the prt sent condition of the Slavonic
nations which may unable a person to form a correct
estimate of what Europe may hope or fear from them.
There is now an extraerdtuary intellectual movement
animating all the nations belonging. to the Slavonic race.
Every branch of human knowledge is cultivated with
more or less success, according to the degree of civilisa-
tion to which those nations have respectively arrived, but
the subject which particularly engages the attention of
Slavonic writers is the improvement of their national
idioms, and the study of their national history and anti-
quities. Everything which relates to ehte'past of those
nations, historical documents, national as.nzis, proverbs,
&c., are ctrecully collected atel publish( d, and all there
remnants of the olden times are the objects of an enthu-
siastic veneraeion. This reanimation of the national
intellect arnengq the Isilavoriens is accompanied by a
peculiar circumstance, a circumstance which may be
productive of the most serious consequences to Europe—
this is, a tendency which is now rapidly growing amongA
411 the Slavonic nations to unite into one whole. This
tendency is genersliy known under this name of
Panshivism„. n name x hide alzwidy creates much appre-
herEion in Germany, and begins to produce a setwation
although iris, av•yet. but little known in this
coun`ry. The o!sji-ct of Panslavi,rn is a mutual recon-
ciliation and approxiin,:ti ,n of all the Slavonic nations,
n order finally to unite them into one political body.
This gigantic scheme is ardently promoted by the lead-
ing writers of the different Slavonic nations, although
:.hey greatly differ about the form in which it is to be
accomplished. One party wiqies for the establishment-
of a confederation, composed of all the Slavonic nations,
each of them retaining its national independent org
tion; the other party. and the most active of them,
rejects the idea of a confederation us being impracticable,
mud advocates the establishment of one great Slavonic
empire, or at least an aegregate of Slavonic states, under
the protection of the most powerful of them. This last
combination is, undoubtedly, the most. feasible of the
two, because it is much more easy to rally the scattered
parts of the Slavonic race around the only now existing
Slavonic state (Russia), and which already comprehends
two-thirds of the whole Slavonic race, than to form a
confederation of Slavonic nations which must previously
acquire an independent political existence which they do
not possess at present..

The rvalisation of the idea of Punslavisrn, which ra-
pidly gains ground amongst all the Slavonians, might be
fraught with the greatest dkaigt•rs to the rest of Europe,
but particularly to Germany. A collision between the
Slavonians and the Germans would become unavoidable,
because a Slavonic empire compost d of different branches
belonging to that race would not be consolidated. ex-
cept by estranging as much as possible the Slavonians
from other nations, which may be done in the most
effectual manner by continually app-sling to their na-
tional antipathies toward the German race, from which
it has suffered innumerable wrongs, wrongs which have
been aimitted by all the German historians, &c. .
The Count gave afterwards a sketch of the Slavonic
history previously to Their conversion to the Christian
relit!! n, of their national idolatry, customs, and man-
nee=, &c.
Aniongst the rersons present at the lecture we nc-
ticed the Russian ArnhissrAor, Sir Stratford Canning,
the Bishop of St. David's, G,,neral Briggs, &c.

CHANCERY APPEALS.—STATE OF BUSINESS.-..
There are no less than 26 appeals from decretal orders, which
have been already heard by the Lord Chancellor, in which
he has yet to give judgment. Some of these causes have
been heard many mouths. Besides these there may be other
judgments on interlocutory matters, of which no public list
is kept. There are also 29 appeals from decretal orders, as
well as others from interlocutory matters waiting to be heard
by the Lord Chancellor. Of the 29 twelve are from Vice-
Chancellor K. Bruce, eight from Vice-Chancellor Wigram,
six from the Vice-Chancellor of England, and three from the
Master of the Rolls. It is very desirable that acme arrange-
ment should be made to enable Lord Chancellors to have
time to prepare and deliver judgment without the delay in-
cident to the present system.

THE LONDON DISTRICT POST LETTER-CARRIERS.
—ln consequence of the high price of provisions, the Lords
of the Treasury have authorised a new increased scale of
wages for the above body. It is stated, on good authority,
that this scale is only temporary,
and that a complete ad-
justment of the scale both of the General and "Twopenny,
or London district postmen, will take place as soon as the
completion of both can be effected.
Wirsnaw AND COLTNESS RAILWAY COMPANY:,
the present
Company to sec ion,
On Tuesday,
pang was at one o'clock a general meeting of this
se
Glasgow, Esq., in the chair, when the drafts of pertain
held in the Black Bull Hall, Glasgow—Alexan,lee
Bills introduced into Parliament in
for the following purposes, were submitted to the, pro-
prietors for 'their approval :-1. A Bill to enable the
branch railways to Auchinheath
\V ishaw and Coltness Railway
mineral field, :make
and to
Canderside. 2. A Bill to effectuate the sale of the
Wishaw and Coltness Railway to the
cal
company. The secretary stated, that Caledonian Railway
a formal meeting ; and after reading the present was merely
vari-
ous documents connected with thover the heads of
in-
quired whether the Bill coma' e business, Mr. Baird
company in the possession of tried a clause protecting the
their own railway in the event
of the Caledonian Company failing to implement their con-
tract? This being
qanswered in the affirmative, and the
uestion being
put, the meeting unanimously approved of the ills. Thanks were tehen voted to Mr. Glasgow for his con-
duct in the chair, and the meeting broke up.
A. letter from Rome says :-3 There are in the Po
two little islands, situated not far from the forts of Breetello,
belonging to the state of Modena. These two islands, con-
nected together by a bridge, serves as a defence to the for.
tifications just named. The forts were raised at great cost
under the reign of Duke Francis IV, and they form a very
important strati gic point. At present we learn from a sure
source that by a recent dispatch of the Duke de Modena to the
commander of thi military forces, the two islands are to be
delivered up to the Austrian authorities, who are to take
possession cl them at the end of the present month. The
secret sale leaves the forts of Brestello uncovered, and at the
mercy of tue Au,triAnS."
[ADVERTISEMENT I—A SEVERE ATTACK OF RHEIT-
gATISM CURED BY HOLLOWAY'S PILLS AND OINTMENT Mis
11„que, vintner of Oban, had Suffered during the last two years.
Ch
frequent attacks of rheLmatism, which left her in astat of with
frequent t
debility. In April last the eattis were most excruciating, neitherrea
medicine nor medical a'd' afforuing any relief until she used Hobo •
way's Ointment and Pill 4, when these valuable remedies in a short
titre restored her to perteet health and strength. Holloway's Oint-
ment and rills are efficacious in eases of gout, contracted or stiff
joints, glandular swellings, tumours. and unnatural enlargements,
and numberless instances ..re recorded wherein they have been used
4 with complete success.—Sold by an druggists, and at Professor iiia-
loway's e.stabushmsat, 244, Strand, London.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT
HOUSE OF COMMONS. June 2.
The SPEAKER took the Chair shortl). after Twelve
o'clock.

The r 7

TiEPONTS.

rap ,;;s re brought up and ordered

to :
Birhen' eati, Laneashire,and Cheshire Junction RA il vt ny,
and Chester and Birkenhead Railway Purchase or
Amalgamation.
Bix kenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction Rail-
way (Deviation of Main Line and Chester Branch,
Ste.)
Blacliourn, Darwen, and Bolton Railway Acts Amend-
ment (Diversions of Line in the parishes of Black-
burn and Boitou in the Moors.)
Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham Railway (Branch to
Wisbech Harbour, art! Wisbech Harbour luiprove-
ment).
Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham Railway (Wisbech

to Sutton-bridge, &e.)
Buckingham and Brackiey Junction Railway. and Ox-
ford and Bletchley Junction Railway Companies
Amalgamation and Ext,,n,ion of Lines.
Eastern Counties Railway (Wisbech to Spalding).
London and North- Western Railway (Birmingham and

Lichfield Line, &c.)
Manchester and Lincoln Union Railway Deviation.
Manchester, Sheffield. and Lincolnshire Railway (Louth
and Horncastle and East Lincolnshire Junctiun
Branches).
Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway (Station
Approach in Manchester).
Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway, and
Manchester and Lincoln Union Railway and Chester-
field and Gainsborough Canal Amalgamation.
Midland Railway (Extension of the Nottingham and
Lincoln Branch at Lincoln).
Midland Railway (Erewash Valley, &c.)
Midland Railway (Leicester and Swannington Railway
Widening. Deviation, and Branches, Enlargement of
Leicester Station, and extending powers as to Ibstock

Branch).
Mold Railway.
Portadown and Dungannon Railway.
Ross, Cromarty, and part of Nairn District Roads (re-
committed).
Shrewsbury and Chester Railway (Branches and

Station).
South-Eastern Railway (North Kent and Bricklayers'
Arms Junction).
The report on the Lancashire, Cheshire, and North
Wales Drainage and Inclosure Companies Incorporation
Bill was further considered and agreed to.
THIRD READINGS.
The followingßills were read a thirdtime and passed:
Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport Railway.
Swansea Docks.
Wcxford Free Bridge.
POYNTZFIELD ESTATE.
On the mosion of Mr. GREENE, it was ordered that
the Examiner of Petitions for Private Bills have leave
to proceed on the Poyntzfiel,l Estate Bill to-morrow.
FLEETWOOD, PRESTON, AND WEST RIDING
JUNCTION RAILWAY.
Mr.IGR BEN E moved, that in the cage of the Fleetwood,
Preston, and West Riding Junction Railway, petition for
additional provision, the Examiner of Petitions for Pri-
vate Bills have leave to sit and proceed to-morrow.—
Agreed to.

WRECK AND SALVAGE.
• On the motion .of Mr. W AWN; the following returns
were ordered:•—Returns of the names of the receivers
appointed under the Wreck and Salvage Act, 9 and 10
Vic., c. 99, together with a copy of the instructions
issued at various times to those receivers ; of the names
of the inspectors, or surveyors and engineers, appointed
under the Steam Navigation Act, 9 and 10 Vic . c. 100,
at each of the ports of the United Kingdom, together
with a copy of the instructions issued at various tunes to
those inspectors.

LEITH HARBOUR.
Mr. GIBSON CRAIG brouzht on the Leith Harbour
Bill, which was read a first arid ordered to be real a
second time on Monday next.
HIGHWAY BILL.

Mr. BUSFEILI) presented a petition from Bradford
against the highway Bill.
HEALTH OF TOWNS.

General LYGON prest,nted a pkitbn from Worces-
ter in favour of the Health of Towns Bill.

Mr. it. SPOONER presented a p•-tition from the
Birmingham Waterworks Company itaainst the Bill.
NAVIGATION-LAWS.

Mr. DUNCAN presented a petition from Dundee,
praying for the abolition of the navigation-laws.

TENANT RIGHT.
Mr. S. CRAWFORD presented a petition from Done-
gal in favour of the extension of the rights of tenants.

EDUCATION.
The Earl of ARUNDEL and SURREY presented a
petition from Great Yarmouth, signed by the Mayor,
twelve magistrates of the county, cud several members of
the Town Council, praying that Catholics might be
admitted to a share in the erant for education.
Kit JOHN EARDLEY WILMOT.

.Mr. SPOONER postponed his motion on this subject
until Friday.
REMOVAL OF PRISONERS (IRELAND).
The SOLICITOR•GENERAL fir Ireland obtained
leave to bring in a Bill to authorise the removal of pri-
soners from the several gaols in Ireland in cases of epi-
demic diseases.
COUNTY ELECTION POLLS BILL.

On the motion being read for the second reading of
this Bill,

Sir G. GREY said he agreed in the principle of the
Bill, and should consequently support it with hi* vote;
but he considpred that such a measure ought not to btu
passed until the Quarter Sessions could revise the list of
voters ; beside; if it was passed during the present ses
sion, it would create much confusion. He, therefore,
begged to suggest that the Hou. Gentleman who had
brought forward the Bill should postpone it until a future
occasion.

Mr. FREWIN said ho harl wished to have carried
the But through Parliament in the present session, in
order that it might oFerate during the ensuing general
election ; bot, after what had been stated by the Right
Hon. Baronet, he sh,,uld withdraw the Bill.

Bill withdrawn
JEWS' ANI) Qi;AKEI►S' MARRIAGE BILL.
This Bill passed through Committee. To be reported
to-morrow.

JUVENILE OFFENDERS BILL.

The Fl,,use then went into Committee on this Bill.

On the fird clans- being moved,
Sir JOHN PAKINGTON said he considered that the
term of imprisonment proposed ought to be extented to
six months, as originally proposed in Committee, but the
Gonmittee altered it to three mouths. He ccmsidered
that the alteration would have a salutary effect upon the
often rrs.

Sir GEORGE GREY said the proposed alteration
hal much to do with the place of coi!finement. He ad-
mitted th ,t he was in favour of the extension of the term
of itnpritotitnent provided that it was of a purely reforina-
tory character ; but, in the present coedition of the
prisons, Eva! the lack of ample reformatory means, he
E,equiesced in the revorninendation of th.• Committee,
arid thought it would be well to postpone any alteration
in the Bill in this respect until the great reformatory
nae,sores recommended by the Committee on Criminal
Law c,:ulti he carried out. Unquestionably juvenile
offenders ought not to be exposed to the contamination
of offenders of riper site and greater depravity; but, as
there was no BM before the House at present for carry-
ing out a plan of improved di cipline as far as regarded
juvenile offenders. he thought it would be well to adhere
to the recoinmentlation of the Committee.
The chase was then agreed to.

01) the next clause beit.g proposed,
Sir J. PAKINGTON recommended that the magis-
trates should be empowered to inflict a fine upi n
juvenile (if-uders in some cases; thus he conceived their
parents would be inducted to keep their children out of
the clutches of the law, and they would thus, in many
cases, not be expmed to the c?intamination of the gaol.
The ATTORNEY GENERAL said it was likely to
lead to abuse, as those who could pay would escape with
punishment, whilst those unable to pay would
meet with severe punishment. It certainly might induce
parents to keep their children out of the clutches of
the law, but he did not think that the plan would work
well.

The clause was then agreed to.
On the nest clause being proposed,
Colonel WOOD said the number of times a boy '
should be whipped should be left to the option of the
magistrates. He begged to move, as an amendment,
that the words '. mice or twice " be omitted.
Sir G. GREY considered that this was a matter
which might be lett to the option of the magistrates.
Mr. B. ESCOTT thought that all words with re-
spect to whipping, should be omitted. Juvenile offenders
were the very persons on whom such a punishment ought
to be inffetet
Mr. GREENE explained that the amendments could
not be made until the bringing up of the mpart.
Mr. B. ESCOTT said he should divide the House upon
the clause.
Atter a few words from Mr. TRELAWNY,
Mr. WAKLEY hoped the Right Hon. Baronet would
leave out the clause.
Sir GEORUE GREY consented to leave out the word
",:_lli, ce." as it would enable a magistrate to substitute a
rj,t_Period of imprisonment instead.
..73-1-)AKING FUN consented, on the bringing up
of the repqrt to leave out the word "twice."
Mr. W AKLy-
them, might wils,aid the Inßgistrates, if it were left to
greater punishment
whippine., than tdhetty.oa in one
.eoutd in two —(Hear, hear)
—but he object,.
altogether, he objected to
brutal whipping. because it :t,
fit fur a human being at all'? practice—it was not
after the course the
House had taken on thp .11b;'„:tn't
tt..t.:(l.,t:',ft e,r,rporal punishment
during the aes,4ion, he t.
any law which pprndt:ed ,xhippit,t,ey would not pass
,ng naOre in thwr
ment not to do
en. k ti,V,: fA' their C. ,duct 0) (irvaci pinch,g. lie had seen
-,..- aryl he would conjure the ,„.„
•., t • 9
it -0 much of the privilege of trial avN LY
w 11
'FY GESFIA L• - by jury.
The Ari 010 4 - •,' s.-ii that tte? 11 ori
Geotl-ensu & i,coid tu the li.ll without ,xaetly know. ..
i ,-' —ic oc I! e chdd,-en were tic - '''g
a,.ve Be
its +ha '-'• 1111* ' :.:'l,-- ,:d.w,:ore they could tA, i- -
t. tuogio ; ..;: i•a 'e ',nu . f
to deter if- Itir
ch.i.rt ,t -u, he p vii.i.tA, in uric!'
r them :rOlll
crime. By ow . rt.poit law a critein.,4l conk! be ink.
prisoned and ordered to be wb ipped curler once, twice,
or thr;e:?.. privately. at the option of the magistrate.
Mr. W.A.K.LEY said such a system was most dis-
graceful.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said that he did not
mean to enter into that part of the subj,ct, but it WAS
much oetter. in his opinion, to h.tve such a tribunal
than to subject the offender to the El con-,quences of a
oinfin.tnenr with lusrdt=ned criminals. .._..._ .

•
Loral 5AN1.),..0-.TT approved very much of tiv 'zinclp:7 e
;,`t;g !,-41.1..);t:,50rng thrusiling would prevent

r

^:1 :tTrce

Mr. W.A.KLEY desired to know what the Noble
Lord meant by
.a wholesome thrashing? flogging
a boy degraded him, and he never forgot a blow. if