The Sun.
London, England, 1840-10-07 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, PAO.

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ALEXANDER GREEN, Secretary.
September, 1840.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND, LIFE AS-
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Premium for assuring 1001.

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ANTICIPATED DESPATCH FROM

CHINA.

(Prom the Asiatic Journal.)
Sir—The iraPatience of the public to learn the result
of the expedition to China, has led me to devise an ex-
pedient for gratifying it. The justice of our cause, the
cowardice of the Chinese, and the bravery of our troops,
do not permit a single individual i❑ the country to doubt
what the result nauit he : the failure of the expedition
is, in fact, looked upon as an event barely within the
limits of possibility. Nothing remains,-therefOre, but
to conceive the means and operations whereby this cer-
tain end has been(for it must now have been) effected ;
and after conferring with several experienced officers of
the army and nitvy, and some old commanders in the-
China trade, and after receiving some valuable sugges-
tions from Mr. Murphy (to whom I beg to tender my
thanks) as to the best mode of combining causes and
and deducing eoniequenees, I flatter myself that the fol-
lowicg anticipated despatch to Lord Auckland, the
Governor-General of India, will prove not far from the
truth

" Peking, 25th August, 1840.
"My Lord—l have the honour to congratulate your
Lordship upon the complete success of the expedition,
which you were pleased to place under my command,
and to inform you that her Majesty's troops are in pos-
session of the city from whence I date this despatch, and
in fact masters of. the whole Chinese empire, after a
course of triumphs which have added fresh lustre and
new trophies to the military renown of Britain. I
might say of this army, without arrogance, ' we came, we
saw, we conquered:'
" His ExcellesAesAdmiral.will report in detail to
your Lordihipihe brilliant feats of the naval part of
the expedition ; I shall, therefore, briefly state that, on
arriving at the Bocca Tigris, we captured a war-junk of
formidable dimensions, which had been sent thither ap-
parently to reconnoitre, but which surrendered without
firing a shot. Upon interrogating the people on board,
in the hope of gaining some . information respecting the
preparations of the enemy, their means of defence, the
strength of the forts, &c., we found the poor creatures
SO paralysed with fear, that they had not the power of
artioulation. The officers were in the same condition,
or stupified with opium, and the commander of the junk
(an Admiral in the Chinese navy) had expired just pre-
vious to her surrender—whether from suicide, or the
intensity of his terror, we could not, of course, ascer-
tain. Left, therefore, to conjecture, it was deemed
prudent to lose no time in sanding forward "the troops
to Canton, forbearing from actual hostilities until a gun
slsould ba fired by th enemy, and Oleo to strike a sa-
lutary terror by displaying the superiority of her Ma-
jesty's arms.
" The resolution was soon to be put into execution.
Upon reaching the first fort, where the Chinese had en-
gaged some Portuguese and Lascar gunners, several
shots were fired, and one was distinctly heard whizzing
above the main-top-gallant-mast-head of the Admiral's
ship. A broadside from that vessel, accompanied by
three hearty cheers, was sufficient to icy the whole fort
in ruins, precisely (to use the Admiral's own words, in
a private letter to me) as if it had been made of gin-
ger bread ;' and the garrison was seen flying across the
country, with the utmost precipitation, their tails stream-
ing in the wind.
" The advantages attending this prompt procedure
were soon apparent. All the other forts, some seem-
ingly of great strength, were regularly evacuated as the
expedition approached, and as there was no prospect of
resistance, the troops were put on board the boats and
small craft, and proceeded up the Canton river, exhibit-
ing rather the appearance of a regatta, than that of a
hostile force coming to take possession of the largest
empire in the world.
a upon reaching Canton, we found the landing-place
occupied by a vast body of persons, and as we Could not
be satisfied whether their intentions were peaceable or
not, I ordered Mr. Gutzlaff, the interpreter, to go for-
ward and ascertain the fact. He returned with the
gratifying intelligence that they were all friends ; that
they consisted mostly of respectable opium-smugglers, in
Canton and its vicinity, who not only professed the ut-
most friendship, but offered to co-operate with us in
overthrowing the tyrannical domination of Taon-kwang ;
advising us not to delay for an instant our advance to
Peking. Mr. Gutzlaff brought a letter from one of the

principal rn n, which I thick your Lordship will be con-
vinced cot only breathes a warm spirit of attachment to

,he British cause, hut is no despicable evidence of the

progress which the English language is making amongst
the more influential portion of the Chinese nation, af-
fording the grand prospect of our language spreading
over this vast part of Asia. It is as follows FirA
chop sir high, Glad come have you—opium base, you
have, we have, eh he bow-wow,* English ho-
hot —fan-kwei ever for, Han-jin no go down up tea
give much ever.'
. " Having effected a landing outside the city of Can-
ton, without the slightest disaster—if I- except- same
trifling pecuniary losses sustained by a few incautious
officers who, staring about them, suffered their pockets
to ho picked by some of the lower order of by-
standers—l established my head-quarters in the late
British Factory, which I was mortified to find stripped
of all its elegant furniture, and much deteriorated, the
walls being scribbled over with Chinese characters, the .

import of"which Mr. Gutzlaff reported to be of the
most insulting kind. The characters were accompa-
nied
by rude attempts at caricature—for example, a
human figure, with red hair and a blue jacket (no doubt
intended for Captain Elliott), was represented hanging
upon a gibbet, with a chest of opium dangling from his
legs. Such an insult upon the British nation and uni-
form
the
indignation of the army, and I had
much in restraining the troops from convinit•
ftoiorgmerxodcuieffissesceuis upon our friends the opium-traders, which
1 should have been grieved at, for a more kind, inoffen-
sive, and honourable body of men I never saw.
and a corps of
" The requisite arrangements having been made, I
ofmarch towards tne city-gate, pre-
directed„d
sippers,eci
lt
eh tins
xtroops
g i
some
pmeec to
heavy artillery
pieces t
would be necessary to force an
entrance ; but we soon found that this barrier, which
had been impassable to our peaceable countrymen, ask-
, was open and undefended. A
ask-
ingfor
Tartarheir justgya
stationed there, for ornament's
e trds ri,gvehrtes
sake, for their countenances and demeanour indicated
the utmost courtesy and civility. Being at the head of
the advanced column, and Mr. Gatzlsff not being at
hand, I inquired of one of these men whether the
Governor was in-tbc city,;using the Canton jargon :
John Tuck Lin, where ?' The fellow threw a grotesque
expression of alarm into his countenance, and pointed
up the street, imitating with his feet the action of a man
running very fast. I deduced from this the inference
that his Excellency the Viceroy and Commissioner had
abandoned the city, which we soon discovered to be
really the fact.
with
I new called a council of my officers,tlrietunii.iulairtechie:
intensely'
sued, Viceroy's
ot
Palace (whence so many insulting edicts.
iha!e been is-
'),
tremble
when
t commandingwa
s resolved
commence to
t.
by land, all my officers being of opinion which 1 coa-
curred) that such a measure would strike great alarm
into the Chinese, make us better. acquainted with the
te country,m al
c oanntde,n
tisf,
onecessary,which e facilitate a tge.,
vcc-operation
stand
there are great numbers, comprising the aboriginal mom,_
taineers, a hardy race, the members of the Triad sack.
ties, and the opium-dealers and opium-eaters, who are
to a man our fast though secret allies.

e:tabevi°neeip)lnil,ylist
suffice
to
eictntrery
to
their
(I..(.ltunu'inie)aalk,
no
lighted,
~ ./,ry e a
nf ()du ed th e
watched,'o i cal sn ci 1 n
without
etenexcellent:eeea eisri i
ia dispense
therewith
wisp:ns:ti
Irnhvatoeoae:tssybia_asuanjuirileiti
Igidtii:tuelygaka
:Inaclaglibtdistol.ieegiblivemwri..eleseigaardn.niigti.gdi
hundredth), and
possible
ilotill
lei
Bea7rn,angle.
leoeto.ubt
rlseni
streets,
running egt
01: )rittlaiisicnt-i,
ll'. we
shouldofsu—tcv write iittie;dvlciecro;
and, meeting with nov,:hicP:olsi opposition,
)
i nin
a fti
ro:tiee examined,:llV,l3, oveert t ir
ae
aldmmuirsitnge,actrroesavtdsyotiullr wLeoorr:e.isimic,litilre) dottheis
per names of places,
i r; or: up asr toin( 11)a
e ear inl ey'
ourlsoninsg o7frich soups.
slacabs.sit rttali'Lllnat
running very regularly,
thing could exceed the hosfpita ay of the inhabitants,
who brought provisions 0., every kind (I may
sa)
so
etc:the pleasure of being allowed('
tas at first attributed to
to see us eat them. The
literally),
Some
eating-iaouse-keepers rushe .
t. ut of .
their sbops with
gshuts
pninctitosi.elas
pieces of flesh on
e" aPt;i7l:l;cbi 1.1, an artillery-man having
viands rolatinyd-dsreoesisneedi,t
wooden skewers, and 1
of the European troops
it to bo the tail of a do ..
(the only part of the army that
tha yhinese cook, from whose
touched the oaths
aoAfslSalistont-sur-
atifitee rr
ice ahtni
engs s tohtc
found in the soup
zeon --- prono g. I
tneebeadern:tdbaes sed
barkingtl 'rP°'
uo'f.:l a
kind, I directed itunced
on 'Pin,. shown -
shop it come, who, hP. the tail, tnani-
summoned before me
but .' '
dog, patting the pit of his stomach at the same time.
Upon itiqui-y, I found that itic viands which bad been
tested no fear or surprise,
so greedily devoured Dy. the
(s army had consisted of
dogs, cats,. rats, mice, soak •
~ grubs, and cater-
pillars of various species---a fact which your Lordship
may be sure I did not fail to conceal from the know-
ledge of the army.
our r! ~ i
" Next day, we resumed --L.rea, when our
scouts brought us intelligence that a vast force was col-
! lading in the line of our
advance, with the intention of
stopping our further progress—intelligence which, I
need not assure your Lordship,
. was hailed with enthu-
siasm by the army. I took the precaution to cover my
flanks well, and to keep the troops together, and to- \
* A clerical error probably for pu-haou, i. e, ~ batr.,...
meaning " a bad man. ..
t Ditto for holt-hog, " very good.„

wards the evening we came in sight of the enemy, wbo
presented, indeed, a most formidable aspect, the line ex-
Itending, cn either side, apparently to the horizon. Ills
front was defended by batteries of great strength, and
several rows of breastworks, one behind the other,
bristling with cannon. The most experienced of my
officers reported that the number of the enemy could
' not be less than 900,000 fighting men.
" I thought it prudent to delay an attack till the en-
' Suing morning, when I determined to carry the en-
trenchments by assault, and marching boldly up to
thee), covered by a heavy fire of artillery, our soldiers
leaped over the breastwork, in the very face of the
enemy, who were so astonished that they fled with
loud cries, literally choking up every avenue with their
dense masses, our troops having nothing to do but to
secure the prisoners, who bawled terribly for quarter.
I am happy to announce to your Lordship that this
splendid victory, which has left in our possession 847
pieces of cannon (most of them, indeed, made of wood)
and 96,000 prisoners, was gained without the loss of a
single man.
" The incumbrance of so many prisoners was soon
felt as a serious evil, and I consulted with my officers
what had best be done with them : to liberate theta on
parole would have been impolitic, without some secu-
rity for its observance, and these people do not under-
stand such an obligation ; whilst it would be impossible
l for us to recognise them again, their faces being so much
alike, that when my tent has been crowded with Chi-
nese, they have appeared to me only as the multiplica-
tion of one person by a set of mirrors. To have dis-
missed them absolutely, would only have been to re-
cruit the ranks of the enemy. A young officer (Cap-
tam --, whom I beg strongly to recommend to your
Lordship's notice) relieved us from this dilemma, by
sending in a proposition that we should cut off the tails
of all the prisoners and let them go, whereby it would
be easy to recognise them if taken in arms again. This •
happy idea was immediately adopted, not without great
opposition on the part of the prisoners, who implored us
to take all they had and spare their tails. These people
are extremely fond of tails ; they give this name eves
to their money, which at first caused some confusion.
" As soon as the necessary arrangements ware com-
pleted, I put the troops again in motion, and we made
forced marches, in order to reach Peking before the
panic occasioned by our late victory could subside. Not
the slightest demonstration of resistance was exhibited ;
the people in the cities offering us tea and food in abun-
dance, and letting off crackers from their pagodas, in
token of rejoicing. Everywhere even the rabble were
most attentive and civil, calling out ' Fan-kwei !' mean-
ing ' foreign genii I' and other expressions of delight,
amongst which I could recognise Opium, opium I'
The confidence thus inspired led to a slight inconve-
nience, for a small party, under the command of Easign
--, having been detached from the left flank to beat
up a few soldiers who appeared to be in ambuscade, the
latter showed some resistance, being commanded by a
Tartar Mandarin, and the Ensign was compelled to
retreat, having, to use a phrase hardly perhaps suited
to the gravity of a despatch, ' caught a Tartar.'
" With this exception, no opposition was offered
till we came in sight of the city of Peking, when
we were met by a large body of. Mandarins, with
very white beards and very long nails, who proposed
terms of capitulation. I, however, signified to them,
that I would settle the terms when I was in the Im-
perial Palace. I according pressed on the advance of
the troops ; the city gates were opened, the streets
were almost deserted, and I dismounted at the palace,
and was conducted to et-splendid apartment by some very
fat eunuchs, the personal attendants of the Emperor,
who has fled to Je-hol, in Tartary.

" My first care wits to secure the army against sur-
price, and my next to put the deputation of Mandarins
in possession of the terms of capitulation, agreeably to
your Lordship's instructions, namely, first, the sur-
render of Commissioner Lin, and the payment of the
full market price of all the opium destroyed by him ;
secondly, the disbursement of all the charges of the ex-
pedition, and a large batta to the troops ; thirdly, the
interdict upon the importation of opium to be removed,
and the growth of it in China to be prohibited ; fourthly,
all duties upon English meichandize to be abolished ;
fifthly, sycec silver to be allowed to ooze out, as fast
as possible ; sixthly, that all the islands on the coast of
China be placed in our hands, as stations and entre-
pots ; lastly, that the Emperor do make an apology on
his knees, to me, as the representative of her Majesty,
in the English language. If these conditions are not
complied with, I will carry the ulterior direetions of
your Lordship into effect by declaring that Lou
Kwang hes ceased to reign, and that China forms a
part of the territories of the East India Company.
" Our loss in the memorable campaign has been ri-
- dieulously trifling, the casualties having arisen chiefly
from over-feeding and excess in the use of strong tea.
eulof-taaguse i(nalohitt7)a:iso.f-tshoomfoerniofert,i,lol
The quantity of booty is considerable, in tails (heir)
longestbat maadned up
m most
beautiful the hair Sc of a fine silky textere,.and may
bbeautiful I have selected, to be laid at the feet of her
Majesty, who may then literally tread,- not upon the
necks, but the tails of her enemies.

" I beg leave to add, that the Chinese prisoners were
teo cunning even for Captain - ; for we found
that sevaral of the tails we had cut off latterly were
false, stud made of horse-hair, having been fastened to
the heads of prisoners who had been formerly taken
anal be•tailed."