The Sun.
London, England, 1847-03-17 00:00:00

THE S Eilsi

to be denounced for acts done to a town said to be in a state of
political decrepitude. It was the pampered lusts of a sub-
warted aristocraey, who had betrayed their country, which had
led to its present situation. The Hon. Gentleman the
Member for Finsbury had expressed great sympathy for what
he was pleased to call the sufferings of Poland. He
(Mr. Disraeli) had often supported him in mo-
tions showing a sympathy with the working popul eion
of England. He would ask him, why had he thoughtlessly
embarked in the cause of continental liberalism? There was
no man who felt for the millions but would hesitate before he
adopted a course, the origin of which he could not comprehend.
The remnants of a subverted aristocracy had brought about this
state of things with which so much sympathy appeared to be ex-
cited. It was all very welhfor them to come with an affectation of
sympathy for the people, and to support these men—those very
orders of men who always kept the people as serfs under them,
who never showed any spirit except in promoting the clergy
—that priesthood which, whatever be their faults, were al ways
more or less, in the early part of the 18th century, the
friends of liberty and of the peop'... The Hon. Member for
Weymouth, in a speech, that in many parts showed great abi-
lity, and which certainly entitled him to the att& ntion of that
House, had paid a passing tribute to the pseudo feeling of the
politics of the day. He appeared deeply to regret the mvsa•
cres which had taken 'place in Gallicia. Massacres in Galli-
cia? From what newspaper, or from what coterie of pampered
and subverted nobles did he derive his account of the massacres
of Gallicia. The House had heard to night many marvellous
statementsof a sovereign denounced because he freed his people,
and actually vindicated his right. He (Mr. Disraeli) had never
been in Gallicia, but there were none of the provinces of
Austria in Italy which he had not visited, and there were also
few of the provinces of other powers which he had not at one
time or other found himself in; and this he would venture to
state upon his credit, that whenever there were disturbances of
this kind in Europe, you would find that in every case the
people rose against a subverted aristocracy ; and, for his part,
he should be glad to find every aristocracy which had forgotten
or neglected its trust, meet the same fate.—( Cheers. ) These
were the kinds of movements which had agitated Europe, and
called into existence the morbid sympathy of the people. He
was unwilling to detain the House by extracts at any length ;
he would, however, call the attention of the House to the
work of a great political economist—a work which was to be
found on the shelves, he had no doubt, of every Hon. Member
—he referred to Mr. Macgregor's work upon the Russian em-
pire, in which it was stated that the condition of the peasants
in Russian Poland was considerably better than it was before
the dismemberment of the country took place. The Hon.
Member then proceeded to read a number of extracts from
different works. all of them tending to show that a marked im-
provement had taken place in the condition of the people under
the government of the great Powers. The Hon. Member then
went on to say, that despite all the gatherings in Freemason's-
hall, where morbid speeches had so lately been delivered in
favour of Poland, that the inhabitants of Cracow atiould
not be Tound to rise against the present authorities.
They were. in fate, by encouraging these feelings, endanger-
ing the peace of Europe. He thought that by preserving their
friendly relations with Franca, they had the best guarantee for
the security of their diplomatic arrangements; and be re-
gretted to find from what was said by the Right Hon. Gentle-
man (Sir R.Peel) that he had no cordial understanding with
that Power. There was one other point to which he wished to
refer. His Right Hon. Friend had noticed the case in one
point, and he would now briefly allude to it. The Hon. Gen-
tleman the Member for Montrose called upon them to punish
one of the parties who signed that treaty, by depriv-
ing him of a sum to which he was entitled from
an arrangement connected with that treaty. In 1831 and
1836 the question of this payment was brought before them,
and, notwithstanding the Government of that day was sup-
dorted by an undisciplined mob, it had the courage to resist the
appeal which was made to it for its refusal. The Noble Lord
the Secretary for Foreign Affairs was then in office, and he
had the moral courage to resist with intrepidity the attempts
made on that occasion, and as he (Mr. Disraeli) understood
that he was about to act in a similar manner that night,
he would give him his, support. He was very much
surprised, however, on looking over the list of voters
at that time to End that • the Honourable Gentleman the
Member for Montrnee had recorded his vote in favour of the
payment of the Russian loan.—(Laughter.) The Hon. Gen-
tleman prided himself on the attention he paid to the pounds,
shillings, and pence of every question, and how he could have
lost sight of these considerations on that occasion he (Mr.
Disraeli) could nut understand. He was aware that. he left an
historical description behind him of the reasons which influenced
his vote, but he had his doubts whether that would be considered
eufieient toMeet the charge of inconsistency, to which the course
he now proposed subjected him.—(Hear.) That was the me-
morable occasion when the Hon. Gentleman sacrificed his con-
science to his country. Then he voted:that black was white;
and now, after the lapse of twelve years he had given them
another white speech—(Laughter)—which he was about to
confirm by a white vote, and it was to be feared that he was
also going to show the white feather.--( Laughter.) Having
recorded his feelings on the subject in l a 42, he was going to do
penance in 15-17 for his juvenile errors, and to show by a hi-e-
-h/et furnen that age was not so impotent as to disable him from
cancelling his offence and vindicating his reputation. An Hon.
Gentleman who had addressed the House that evening talked of
their influence on Europe. He was aware of the peculiar
character of that influence, and he hoped they would long con-
tinue to exercise it,but moral influence, though one of the most in-
estimable functions they possessed, must be preserved by far dif-
ferent means than by Hudibrastic speeches and grotesque rssolu-
tions. When they did exercise the power which they possessed in
matters of foreign policy, let it be done in a way that would
prove beneficial to Europe, and which would protect the
glorious reputation of this country. --(Cheers. )
Lord PALMERSTON said, he should be sorry to damp
the disposition which the Honourable Gentleman who had
just resumed his seat had evinced; but the subject
should be discussed in a fair and temperate manner.
He promised them that, at that late hour, and after
the length to which the debate had extended, that he
should confine himself as closely as he could to the
particular subject under the consideration of the House. The
subject divided itself into two points—first, whether the sup-
pression of the city and state of Cracow had been a violation of
the treaty of Vienna ; and, secondly, whether, under the cir-
cumstances of the case, that extinction absolved this country
from continuing the payment of the Russian-Dutch loan. Now,
notwithstanding the ingenious argument which they h id just
heard from the Hon. Gentleman opposite, who had told them
that the extinction of Cracow was no violation of the tr,atv of
Vienna—( Hear, hear)—he thought there would be no cciffi-
ctil,y in satisfying the House that the opinion expressed in
the Speech from the Throne, was participated in by almost
every Member in that House, with the exception of that
Hon. Gentleman and the Noble Lord (Lord G. Bentinck )
who sat by him, namely, that the extinction of Cracow was a
gross violation of the treaty of Vienna. The Hon. Gentleman
had gone into an ingenious argument, and had shown by
ancient transactions in Europe, and partly by the aid of
Government authorities, that a document in which new in-
sertions had been made, and to which new parties had bound
themselves, was not binding on those who in the first instance
were parties to it. We freely conceded to the Hon. Gentle-
man that Batch an instrument would not be binding upon all
the parties. We said those insertions in the treaty
showed that they were not to be considered as
binding on those who had become parties to
the original document. Undoubtedly he ( Lord Palmerston)
was ready to acknowledge that that position was in that respect
indisputable; nay more, he would go further, and say that if
in a single treaty, t which a certain number of parties were
guarantees, ann. her party became guarantee for something
else, that the ethers were to he considered wholly absolve.' from
the allegations which they might contract. But the question
on the present occasion was not the one which was involved in
the Hon. Gentleman's argument—the question was not
whether England and France were bound by any guarantee
to take steps in consequence of the extinction of
Cracow, but whether that treaty by which Cracow
was constituted an independent state, and to which England
was a party, had been broken ; and also whether, under such
circumstances, they had a right to object to the extinction of
that state. He threw aside altogether that point which turned
upon the question, whether the insertion of fre•h matter in a
treaty did or did not invalidate that treaty, because the argu-
ment in favour of the independence of Cracow did net solely
depend upon the 118th clause in the treaty of Vienna, whether
it was to have some force or value, or whether it was merely an
integral part of the treaty, were not the only questions at issue
as, fortunately for the argument which he was advancing, it
was wholly unnecessary to rely solely upon the 118th article.
As the treaty itself, in other parts, contained everything ne-
ces,ary to bear him out in asserting that the extinction of
Cracow was a violation of the treatv.—(Hear, hear.) Let
them put aside, if they would, the 118th article altogether;
they had still the 6qa, 7th, Bth, anti 9th, which were far more

material. The parts of the treaty to which the three Powers
were contracting parties, justified him in saying that the ex-
tinction of the repubac of Cracow was a violation of these
articles of the general treaty itself.—(Hear, hear.) It was
said that England and France were not parties to the
record to which he had referred.—( Hear, hear.) Now he
denied that altogether. The documents to which he had al-
ready referred that evening, namely, the records of the pro-
ceedings in congress of the different Powers, at Vienna, which
were all found amongst the state papers, in the library of the
House, proved that England was a party to all the negotiations
which directed the general treaty, and all those arrangements
which bad subsequently taken place between the different
Powers of Europe, and which formed portions not only
of the general treaty, but of the whole treaty and
especially with regard to the arrangement with respect
to Cracow—in fact, in regard to that State, England, by her
representatives, was present, and took her part in the discus-
sions that took place, On the•lBth a protocol was issued ap
pointing a commission to prepare a draft of the articles which
related to the agreement between the Powers, and the heads
of which had been agreed to by the Congress. Each nation
was represented, and on the 20th of February the report of
the commission was read to Congress, in which it was stipu-
lated that Cracow should remain a free and independent state.
It appeared els) that Lord Castlereagh, writing to Lord Liver-
pool from Vienna on the 13th, says, " Your Lordship will re-
ceive inclosed the territorial arrangements for Poland and
Russia, including Sweden and Holland; they have been re-
duced into articles, and having been formally agreed to by
Austria Prussia, France, Russia, and Great Britain, they have
been inserted in the protocol till they find their place in the
general treaty." It appeared by this that not only did
a general treaty, to which England and France
were parties, contain conditions with regard to the
city of Cracow ; but it appeared that those arrange-
ments were settled afterwards at the conference, to which
England was a party, and that they took place anterior to the
time when the general instrument was drawn up.—( Hear,
hear.) Well, then, it was perfectly plain that an arrangement
respecting Cracow formed a portion of the conditions to which
England was a party ; and he therefore held it to be a viola-
tion of the treaty to do any act not in accordance with
it, without the consent of Great Britain.—( Hear. )
They had been told that similar things had been done by Eng-
land, and the case of Belgium was cited as an instance of her
having acquiesced in an infraction of the treaty of Vienna. As
he understood the Hon. Gentleman, he said that the King of
the Netherlands applied to Austria and Prussia,
and that England and France came in as after parties
sree
`oothe act. To meet that assertion, he had read
of the protocols of the Earl of Aberdeen, who
rthece"fiteedptet manner in which Ihe subject was brought before
Lord then read
on the 4th of Nevsmber, 1830. The Noble
had invited th adeoe document to show that the King of Peussi,
Paris, and thatu Powers as signing parties to the treaties of
agreed upon hwy hat
llwas agreed to at that meeting was
him to imagine thaat theThfive Pursers d
e Noble Lord
not see
me.
that England and seemed to
diately agree to the five
respecting Cracow, and
ussia entered into some separate
, fr immediately after consented to
arrangement, and that R
e Povilooked to the treaty of
it ; but such was not the case
1831, they would find that the fiv
time at rhee"iir roannegaesmseonotn.
f.Trtnhetoe docu-
as the other, arid signed at the same
It therefore appeared to him perfectly
ments to which he referred. that the pet
the
Vienna,o Austiia
des of Cracow and its annexation to the empire indePen-
- direct violation of the treaty of
was'
inhear. ') The grounds
(Cries of Hear, OR which he
rested his oppo,,ition to the resolutions were the same as those
of his Noble Friend—namely, the it was not fitting that they
shated• pave, unless they were followed up by something more
active and decisive, for it seas not consistent with the character
of this country that the House of Commons should pass
strong resolutiens, and then remain quiescent. No one
would contend that the address of the House in answer
to the Speech from the Throne was an expression of concur-
rence with the opinion given in the latter. The agreement to
the address was a matter of form, and left lion. Members still

unfettered. But though this was undoubtedly true, it had been
justly remarked that the silence with which this
subject had been passed over in the address was suffi-
cient to meet the view of the Honourable Member for
Montrose as to the sense of Parliament on the question of the
suppression of Cracow ; but having heard this view expressed
in the progress of this debate, it was his intention, before sitting
down, to move the previous question to the first resolution
as it was not a resolution which, with his sentiments and
opinions, be could meet with a nega•ive.—(Loud cheers.)
He would do so because he believed that it was inexpedient
and unnecessary for the House to express an opinion under
the circumstances. Now the second question had reference to
the violation of a treaty which was alleged to release this
country from the payment of the Russo-Dutch loan. He
did not think that the violation of the treaty
would so release them. If they looked to the conventions of
1831 and 1815, be thought it would be shown to the satisfac-
tion of any man that the extinction of the state of Cracow did
not justify the non-payment of the interest of the debt. With
the view of making this apparent, it would be necessary for him
to go into the origin of this engagement. It was shortly this :
At the end of the war, when Europe was delivered, and ar-
rangements were making for reconstructing its interests, it was
felt by the great Powers, that as some states had made greater
exertions, and gone to greater expense than others to
bring about this peace, that they should be recom-
pensed in some degree by the Powers which had been benefited.
Now, no sovereign bad been benefited more than the Sove-
reign Prince of the Netherlands, as not only had his estates and
kingdom been restored, but considerably enlarged, while an
engagement was made that the allies should come to his assist-
ance should he require them, and at any time to maintain his
power. A recompense was agreed to be paid to Prussia,
Austria. and Russia. Prussia and Austria waved their claim
in favour of Russia, and the result was an engagement in
which Holland agreed to take upon itself the payment of the
Russian loan, which had previously been raised by the latter
power in the Netherlands. At the sametime another negotiation
was going forward, in which England was to retain the colonies
of the Cape of good Hope, Demerara, Esequibo, and Berbice.
Tee condition of England doing so was, that she should pay
half the Russian loan. In order to make this arrangement ad-
vantageous to the Netherlands, it was provided, that if at any
time Belgium separated from Holland, England should cease to
pay the debt, and Russia would have to fall back on Holland.
The object of this was to get the interest of Russia in maintain-
ing the union of Belgium with Holland, in order to procure the
balance of power in Europe. When the separation of Belgium
and Holland took place, they reluctantly agreed to it, and Rus-
sia consented to it also at the request of England.
Seeing, therefore, that Russia, instead ofsending an army into
Belgium to restore it to Holland, had given its assent to the
separation, it was considered that it would be manifestly
unjust not to pay the interest of the loan.—( Hear, hear. )
A new convention was then made to back the engagement be-
tween England and Holland ; England took one engagement
and Russia took another. The engagement taken by England
was that, notwithstanding the separation of Belgium from Hot-
land by the agency of England, that the English should con-
tinue the payment of the Russo-Dutch loan. Russia substi-
tuted a new engagement for that which was no longer appli-
cable to that state of things, which was that she bound herself
to consent to the separation of Belgium from Holland, and
that afterwards, by the course of events, its inde-
pendence and neutrality should be put in danger, she should not
make any new engagement with regard to Belgium without the
previous consent of England. They were, therefore, in ex-
actly the same position as before, but the nature of the en-
gagement oas altered. It was stated that in the Convention
of 1831, words were inserted in the preamble, stating that it
was founded on the Convention of 1818, and that the general
engagement of the treaty of Vienna still existed. He had
helped to frnme that Convention, and he could tell why these
words were inserted. It was to keep up the great original
principle upon which the Convention was originally formed,
and to benefit Russia, in consideration of the sacrifices
she had made in co-operating with England.—( Hear, hear.)
It was then urged that, if the original treaty of
Vienna still existed, England was injured by the incorpora-
ration of Cracow. If a violation of one part of the treaty had
been committed it did not release this country from its obliga-
tion. He was called upon to state his opinion to the House,
and he would state that he could not think that they were re-
leased from their engagement. But, even if there were any
doubt in any man's mind in a question which involved the
honour of this country, the decision should be given in favour
of the other party. It would not be becoming for the House to
interpret the case to its own advantage under such circum-
stances. If, however, there were no reasonable doubt, it would
not be fair to continue a burden upon the pe.iple of this country.
He believed that there was a general unanimity in the House
on the subject now before it, and he did not think
that the mere technicalities should in any way interfere
with the devision of the House. All he desired was,
that a fair opportunity should be given for the expression of the
feeling of Parliament, and that a fair chance should be given
for the discussion of this question and for the fair expression of
opinion on the subject, and he trusted still-further-that that
opinion would not be expressed except on the clearest grounds.
Cries of " Adjourn, adjourn,"" Hume, Hume."
Mr. J. O'CONNELL and Mr. HUME rose at the same
moment, but ultimately
Mr. J. O'CONNELL was heard, and he said that his ob-
ject in rising was to protest, in an assembly of freem.li who
represented the British constituency, against the cruelties
which had been practised in Galicia.
Mr. HUME would trouble the House with only a few re-
marks, and those would bear on the debate, which had only been
partaken in by Members on all sides. of the House. Whether
he referred to the present or to the late Ministers of her Ma-
jesty, the result was still the same. A triumph, a complete
triumph had been obtained, for, with few exceptions, the whole
of the British House of Commons had declared their belief that
the suppression of Cracow was a gross violation of the laws o
nations, and he trusted that this expression of the public opi-
nion would teach the despots by whom that law had been bro

ken, that it could not be set aside with impunity. The ques-
tion had received great attention, but not more than it deserved.
He (Mr. Hume) had heard the language of the Right Hon.
Baronet, the Member for Tamworth, with feelings of admira-
tion. These sentiments and that language did the Right
Hon. Gentleman immortal honour; while the speech of the
Hon. Member for Shrewsbury—but he would leave him to the
benefits which history would confer upon his memory.—
(Laughter.) The Hon. Member for Bute had proved in the
most clear and satisfactory manner the violation of the treaty.
Considering that his motion had completely triumphed, and had
met with a warm response from all sides except the few mis-
chief-makers opposite ; he would take the advice of the Noble
Lord and not press it to a division.
The motion was accordingly withdrawn.
The remaining orders of the day were then disposed of. and
the House adjourned at a Quarter-past One o'clock.

SERIOUS MILL ACCIDENT.-MANCHESTER, MARCH
15.—An accident of a very serious nature occured in 1:
building attached to the spinning• mill of Messrs. Gray,
Pollard-street, this mif;rning, at about twenty minutes past
ten o'clock. The building is a boiler-house, containing
three boilers, and is 32 feet wide ; over the boilers is a room
in which there are twelve jack-frames, a heavy kind of ma-
chinery. The floor on which the machinery stands is sup-
ported with three iron beams, and which appears to be very
strong, and weigh 661/2 cwt. Between the beams are heavy
brick arches ; these beams are unsupported by pillars, ii
consequence of the flues of the biaers not being able to
bear tile weight. It was supposed by the architects that th:,
beams were of sufficient strength to bear twice the weighi-
that would be required. Over the jack-frame room then-
is an asphalte cistern, which is seventeen inches deep, and
is supported by iron beams and brick-work, as the floor
beneath, and two iron pillars, are fastened to the beams
which support the floor of the room containing the ma-
chinery. One of the beams gave way, and whether it was
the beam which supports the roof and the asphalte cistern,
or that which supports the floor of the jack-room, is not yet
known ; the latter seems to be the most. probable. One
end of the building has given way. The roof of this build-
ing and the floor underneath are broken through. Six of
the jack-frames on the boilers underneath have fallen in. 1
The other six frames and the remaining part of the building
stand uninjured, with the exception of the outside walls.
The machinery was at work, and one woman named Eliza-
beth
Cooper was killed, and two others were injured, one of
whom we understand is now in the infirmary, but is not
dangerously hurt ; the other walked home and seemed not
to have sustained much injury. The woman that was killed
we have been informed was married, and had three children.
THE LATE CONFLAGRATION AT BATTERSEA.—Au

investigation was on Monday gone into to ascertain, if possi

ble, by what means the fire which destroyed so large an
amount of property occurred, upon Mr. Bethall's premises
in Battersea-fields. The result of that inquiry failed in
throwing any addilonal light on the cause of the calamity.
The watchman, in whose charge the premises were left at
night, and whose duty it was to look after the furnaces on
the works, stated, in answer to inquiries made by his em-
ployer, that whilst the tar was running out of one of the
biilers in the tar house he left the place for a few seconds,
and on his return found that a considerable quantity of that
article had, from some cause, which he is at a loss to ac-
count for, become ignited. He positively affirms that
neither lamp nor candle had been taken near the vessel into
which the tar was running. When the fire commenced he
tried all he possibly could to prevent the flames from extend-
ing, and he kept at his post until he became almost encir-
cled in flame, when, in order to save his life, he was at last
compelled to rush out of the place and run to a distant part
of the premises, for the fire extended so rapidly that in the
srace of a few seconds several square yards of ground in the
vicinity of the still-house were covered with burning tar
and pitch. Tha exact amount of property that has been
consumed cannot be ascertained as yet, but Mr. Betball's
loss alone, it is stated, will he several thousand pounds. His
saw-mills were fitted up with expensive machinery and fix-
tures, all of which are destroyed. The only building on the
premises not destroyed was the still-house, the escape of
which was an exceedingly fortunate circumstance, for
there were several thousand gallons of naptha in the
place. The firemen in saving this property were exposed to
great peril, and several of them have been severely injured
over the face and hands by the lighted tar.
THE DEAD ALIVE.—Our readers will probably
recollect that, about eight or ten weeks ago, we gave an ac-
count of a suicide committed by a female, in the water above
Hutchesontown Bridge, and of the recovery of the body a
few d.ys afterwards somewhere near Govan. The wife of
a dyer, residing in Hutchesontown, but who was sepa-
rated from her husband some years ago, on account of
her intemperate habits, disappeared about the same time, and
the body, when discovered, answered the description of the
dyer's wife so well, that he immediately applied to a friendly
society of which he is a member, and obtained the allowance
(41.) to bury his supposed wife, which he did with every due
solemnity. Although a staunch teetotaller, he was so overjoyed
at getting rid of one who was a thorn in his side fbr so longs
time, that he even broke his pledge, and has been in the
habit of taking little drops occasionally since. But, alas!
this happy state of things must come to an end. On
Monday last, whilst sitting comfortably at his dinner.
who bounced in upon him but his own identical spouse.
whom he buried, as he supposed, eight weeks ago.
The consternation which so unwelcome a guest caused
is easier imagined than described. The housekeeper
fainted, and it was with some difficulty she was brought
to, and the hus'iand's eyes almost jumped out of their
so kets ; however, in a short time. order was restored,
and after a little explanation from this visitant from the
invis.ble world they recovered from their paiiic. It ap-
pears, that instead of throwing herself into the Clyde. as was
supposed, she repaired to a neighbouring town, where she
r,m tined until the date of her re-appearance. The unfoi-
tunate husband sorely laments his loss, as lie must now re-
fund the 41. which he obtained to bury her.—G Vsgoie Post.
DARING 13URGLARY.—Between the hours of one
and two on Monday morning, a burglary of a dating nature
took place at Mr. liirby's, the White Hart Tavern, Princes-
row, Newior t Market. It appears that the burglars effected
an entrance by getting over a low wall in the rear cf the
prerniees, and from thence, after forcing open a window, got
into the parlour, the door of which was locked, and led to the
bar. bored To overcome this obstacle, with a centre bit they
no less than forty holes in one of the panels, so as to
enable them to take it out and allow one of the party to
let his pass to the other side, from whence he forced the lock and
isbrrkirnaguo":3
of 61. in into the bar, which they ransacked.
Rts,elethe till, from which they took upwards
took several pounds of cigars from
a cupboarl, and drunk
u causing
atityof wine, after that they
took their departure withoutq' the least alarm to the
inmate&