The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-01 00:00:00

Per mit• premium; fran—A aro dull t sf. 4G c. to sf. 50;2.;
bllls in Nurth without change.
Freights-11,401er more activity in foreign; some 9 or
10 Mips tn,i barge,-s on berth for Liverpool; engagements
cotton at 11., lIGNY refused; two ships for Havre at I per
cent_ for coton, one for Trieste at 1;;-:- cent., and one tor
Europe at 4.1. Gil. for flour and Is. hl. for corn. Coast-
wise freights contii.u,t dull.

ALBANY, DEC. 10.
iiaye a cold snap again, and the river is wel
sprinkled with floating ice.
Flour—But little inquiry; small °niers have beer
filled fur the last three days at 5 dolls. and 51 dolls.
fur 11(mnessee, the latter for extra brands; some sales al
4 doll;
thar!py—A load of two-rowed sold yesterday for 56::.
Shipments, Dec. 10—By Western Railroad for Boston,
&0., 1,047 barrels flour.

NEW ZEALAND.
CAPTURE OF RAUPARAHA.
WELLINGTON, JULY 25.—The native (or Maori) Chief
Rauparaha, or, as he is familiarly termed by the whalers,
Rahulla, who is a relative by marriage of the rebel chief
Rangihaietta, has latterly professed great amity and
friendship tor the Pakehas (or white men), and has been
lisiting the camp at Porirua constantly, and had inter-
views with the naval officers, and, only ten days since,
'with the Governor, but has always refused to join them
in attacking Rangi. By those who have known him for
sears,' and by all the friendly natives, he is considered
the most cunning, crafty, and treacherous of all the
Chiefs. and it now appears he has been playing his usual
e game. It has been known, though it could not
be proved that he has been in communication with the
rebel Rangihaietta for several months, but fortunately,
the proofs are forthcoming. A body of natives from
Wanganui were about to join Rangi ; to prevent such
junction the Governor (Grey) embarked on board her
kifrla.iesty's steamer Driver, with 140 rank and file of the
38th and 99th Regiments, under Major Last, and Capt.
itLie)", of her Majesty's ship Calliope, and about 68
blue jackpts and marines, and a party of 20 armed police,
ender Major Durie, inspector, and sailed on the 20th
loins:* for Waikanae and Otaki (on the west coast near
Manawata river), and where the Ngatiawas, who
are friendly natives, live. It is said he had a consulta-
toll 'Aith the chiefs from Wanganui, and they have re-
orrd home. However, by some means, he had laid hold
letter emissary
from Rauparaha to Rangihaietta with a
r concealed on his perm'', stating that he had arms
saniniedata munition for him. Upon this, the Governor
Porirubanck from Waikanae at night, and anchored off
about one A.M. on the 24th (yesterday), when
Captain
Stanleyi and a party of blue jackets landed just
tatter Rauparaha's pah, called Taupo. This Taupo is
near Po: true, and is on the sea-shore, about a mile from
e Camp- There is another Taupo, between Wanganui
and Teranaki or New Plymouth, where a land-slip took
place about six weeks ago, burying in his pah the Chief
lieu Ilea (called Ha eu, French pronunciation), six of
his wives, and fifty of his men. Heu Heu was rather
Pell disosed to the whites, though he disapproved of
t 2,1 Government_ hoisting fla-staffs, &c. Captain Stanley
tc! his visit so well, that be took Rauparaha, Charley,
he also ebefore they had time to strike a blow;
seized some thirty-seven stand of arms and six
or seven kegs of powder. Rauparaha's men all bolted,
and are supposed to have gone to Rangihaietta, in
number about thirty-five. Rauparaha himself, and
Charley, and the three others, are all safe on board the 1
Driver, in irons. This is the most decisive step Governor
Grey has yet taken. Rauparaha and Charley were both ,
at the massacre of Captain Arthur Wakefield, at Wairoa;
and the settlers here are in perfect ecstacy at this bold
policy of the Governor.

_ -
This will du more than ten battles to settle the affairs
in the Cook's Straits District, as, though the warrior
Ilangihaietta (who, to do him justice, is a bold, uncom
promising enemy) is left free, yet the wily treacherous
head, itauparaha, is at last caught in his own meshes.
The Governor is not expected back for a few days. The
prisoners will probably be sent to Norfolk Island. They
cannot punish them for the Wairoa massacre, as Governor
Fitzroy pardoned them for that affair.
On the 22d inst. the Levant, from Sydney, arrived with
a detachment of 160 men of the 65th Itegiusant, which
is atill on board, waiting for orders.

The following is an extract from a private letter:—
N, Aram 26, .
" I have not written" ELS ON
to you very lately because the
subjects of most interest to us here have been principally
furnished by your Parliamentary debates, which showed
a much better acquaintance eith our circumstances and a
warmer interest in our affairs than we had ever looked
for. Neither did I think it worth while to send you any
account of the doings in the north, at Auckland, or the
Bay of Islands, fur our acquaintance with them was
gained through the newspapers only, and very often
more than two months after the event, when, from the
frequent communications with Sydney, it was probable
the news wee already half way home. But within the
last few weeks we have had a visit from our new Governor
Captain Grey, and a communication from the directors of
the New Zealand Company; and we have been as much
pleased with the Governor as dissatisfied with the
manner in which the company seems disposed to treat us
and our claims upon it. Beginning, as in duty bound,
with the higher powers, I,
ing is Pretty general, am heartily glad that Government
did not entertain the idea of making up a little kingdom
for the New Zealand Company.
When the British
empire becomes too great for its rulers to manage, let
them acknowledge it, and, as Cromwell said," give place
to better men; " and such an arrangement would have
looked very much like a confession of incapacity. I
tmust own teo that I do not see why, because I am a few
shous.and miles off, I should give up my privileges as an
Englishmen
-----, or be turned over to any such delegated
authorities. Not, however, that I am at all enamoured
-, our Colonial-office ; but then I see that they can be
d are called to account when they go wrong, and how-
ever strongly they may
the benefit of the discussion
be defended in public, we reap
of in various ways, even up to a
complete change
In this men, measures, and general policy.
case, not before it was wanted, though I believe
s.nothing short of the thorough-going way in which Capt.
Fitzroy attempted to carry out the theory of ruling the
New Zealanders by moral in without hical
force, would have convinced the good apeople at home of
its inapracticability. According to the old routine, we
ought now to have a trial of the opposite method, viz.,
physical force without moral influence; but I hope better
things from our present Governor. We have no in-
dications as yet of the policy he intends pursuing ; but
I think he will have to modify his Australian plans very
considerably before they will be adapted to New Zea-
land. He has for the present put an end to the war in
the north by granting the insurgent chiefs easy condi-
tions, which they will very likely not observe. He has
also, by bringing an imposing force down to Wellington,
expelled the intruders from the Hutt Valley ; but
between these or any suck acts, by which he puts a stop
to or punishes positive aggressions, and a systematic
determination to subject the Maoris to British law, there
is a very wide and serious difference. I expect they will
require one or two much severer lessons than any they
have yet had before they will be impressed with such a
respect for our power as wil sufficient be to keep them
quiet, even supposing no interference to be attempted
with them generally ; but if it is determined to treat
them at once as British subjects, under British laws, to do
this with any success would, in the opinion of many of
the Auckland people required the force now here to be
trebled at least ; and then the question would naturally
arise whether the objet in view were worth attaining at
such an expense, or even whether the employment of
such means for such an end were advisable or justifiable
at all ; especially, when, as it seems to DIP, you might
attain the same end by a very different conduct. The
fact is, the Government of this country was begun under
false impressions. From looking at a New Zealander,
as another term for an irreclaimable cannibal, we went
at once to the opposite extreme ; and from the accounts
which came home of them, thought, as our subjects were
ready made, all that we had to do was to find a gover •
nor. We have now learnt that truth, as usual, lies some-
where between these two opinions. The natives are, no
doubt an improving and improvable race, with much to
like and even admire in their character ; teachable
and inteiiigent ; but then I must be allowed to doubt, or
even to deny, that Christianity has done more for them
in twenty years than it has for ourselves in many centu-
ries ; without, on that account, being set down as an
enemy either to the natives or their missionary teachers.
We have been in too great a hurry for results, and for-
gotten that men were not things, to be moulded arid
fa,hionel at our will into the fc,rm we might think best
tor them ; ant that not by degrees, norittle an:l little,
- hut all at once. However, our Gove came out, and
I -living the coloeiste e, find Out how little governing was
really nucessary to their welfare laced him,elf 400 miles
off, in the midst of the native pin pulation, who, he soon
found out, had no ideas of belies governed by him, and
who have since proved it by actions more and more une-
qtrivoattl. Their idea of what s eu have talked so much
about. and we hear so little now, the treaty of Waitangi,
was, that they gave us permisaien to settle among them,
which, to rh, th,rn justice, they are an for as
ever,ind that the gee« it's sovereignty as
wasxi aous shadow,
whistet
tha'l3e. kept the reality, a d.finition which, at the
vinc
in eteht a good one. Are we then now to con-
e ena seat
ours is the cornet interpretation by
bullets and bayone
there were ay thints ?
I suppose it would be done if
no other resultn than
g t
au o be gained by it ; but here I Sets
expenditure of some 200,0001. or
300,0p0/. per annum
de.
ttat.would be rather an
,odd
eoeclusion a. ter decid;in7
h h) , t NV ) vp rs ago that N w Zea-
land was not wort. eoe
in"R at all. It' not, and the old
policy is given ti.p, th r..r retnaios but one plan, viz.:—To
govern the settlers well first, leasing
the subjection and
civilisation of the natives to follow
as a natural and ine-
vitable consequence. With a compact
and inexpensive
government in Cook's Straits, the natives might he nafely
left to (lie care of the niissionaries, with a threat of put-
ting a stop to all intercourse with them is
disposed,
they misbe-
haved themsel% es. This, with Lite offer
regulations as the Gover-
peaceablypot and
peoteeti n to those tribes that were
and willing to conform to such
nor might dictate, would, I believe, offer the fairest
chance of bringing them all under cur
that is in the
only way they are worth having at all,
ois_ with their
own free consent, given from a conviction t'the advan-
t ages they would themselves derive from, it. There
would be a clamour among the Aucklana people, and
some few cases requiring compensation ; but
attracted In",
chants there are branches of Sydney houses, by
the expenditure of Government and the troopseeas_well
They as the native trade, which is considerable.
T the h
goodave
all along considered themselves dependent on
will of the Maoris, and the old settlers declared they were
Much better off before the Governor came among them.
The good land in the north is also fully occupied already
by the natives, whilst here we have an extensive and
va-
luable field for colonisation without an inhabitant.
Many other reasons for such a change occur to me ; but
What I have said will be sufficient to show you how com-
pletely I look on the value of your investment here,
or those of any New Zealand land proprietors, as de-
pendant on the line of policy adopted by Government ;

or w'r.ctbfr nor rule is t,r be forced upon the natives, or
be gr.:dually- intrJducA among them. In the one ease,
with our beautiful climate, fertile soil, and great natural
advantages, I see nothing to prevent our becoming a very
flourishing. c3namt.nity ; in the othee, your investments
must lie dormant to the next generation. You may,
Iperhaps, think my own psition here has given me a Was
on this question ; but, it t,o, it is a bias without a cause ;
' since all the effect I can discern from such a change on
my own interests would be to raise the price of my tea
and sugar ; and as to personal security, we Nelsonians
consider the doings in the Northern Island much as the
residents at Boulogne would an outbreak at Edinburgh
or Gltutgow. Our settleirent is going on quietly, stea-
dily, and well, although terribly out of humour with the
Company for attempting to evade its obligations towards
us ; a line of conduct, a hieh, if persevered in, will pro-
dnce an appeal from the colonists to Parliament or the
Court of Chancery. Ido not go into the particulars, as
I send you two or three numbers of our last local news-
paper, which will give you the whole quarrel, and per-
haps amuse you besides.
A RESIDENT AT NELSON.

POYAL GE )GRAPHICAL SO-
CIETY.
MONDAY, DECEMBER 28.
Lord Colchester, President in the chair.

Mr. J.lll. Lysaght was elected a member of the so-
ciety.
The paper read was the first portion of a very elabo-
rate " Essay on the Nile," by Dr. Beke.
The obicurity which has so long hung over the sources
of the Nile, is now in a great measure dissipated by the
trouble which Dr. Beke has taken to clear up the am-
biguities of conflicting statements, and to re-establish
facts long misunderstood. A careful sifting of the
writings of both ancient and modern travellers, in regard
to the sources of the Nile, together with his own intimate
acquaintance with the country, watered by a great num-
ber of the primitive tributaries of the great river, have
enabled him to unravel the entar g etuent which obscured
the -subject, and to present us with a statement so clear
and satisfactory, as to leave little for further investiga-
tors but a corroboration of his views.
It is impossible fir us to go into all the details of this
interesting paper, and we must therefore content our-
selves with a brief notice of the main points.
The doctor first ascends the Takkazie, the As.aberas
of Ptolemy, and minutely describes its various affluents ;
after which, coming back to the Nile, he ascends it to the
junction of the Blue and White Rivers. Going up the
Bahr el Azrek or Blue River, he comes to a spot where
M. Cailliand speaks of the Hessenn as coming from the
south-east, which Dr. Beke proves to be the Abii of
Abyssinia ; and he at the same time shows that the
river described by M. Russegger as the upper course of
the Bahr el Azrek is, in !act the Dedhesa, a river which
was first made known' by Dr. Beke, and which he now
identifies with the Takiii described by De Barros as the
great western arm of the Nile ; under which name the
Portuguese understood the Blue River, since the White
River, or Bahr el Abiadh, was entirely unknown to them.
After describing all the affluents of the Abai on both
sides, Dr. Beke notices a river, which has, of late years,
appeared in the maps, under the name of Habahia, and
which has been supposed by:some geographers to be either
the upper course of the Kilimaney (QuilimatA) or of the
Bahr el Abiadh, but which Dr. Beke shows clearly to
have no separate existence; it being, in fact, nothing
but the Abiii of Abyasinia, called by the Gonges Abbaya.
Dr. Belts next discusses the subject of the Maleg, a river
which was crossed by Fernandes in 1613, on his way to
Enarea, and shows that the route taken by the Jesuit
Missionary has been altcgether misunderstood by Bruce.
Leving the Abai, the doctor next takes up the Di Ihisa,
and enumerates its tributaries on both sides, as
he had done with the other two great rivers, the
Takkazie and the Abai. Having thus exhausted the
hydrographic basin of the Blue River, the author,
before commencing the particular iiNestigation of
the course of the White River, enters into a compari-
son of the two great arms of the Nile, the White and
Blue Rivers, and after minutely examining the evidence
both ancient and modern on the subject, concluded in
these words Thus, whether we consider the relative
magnitudes of the two rivers, the directions of their re-
spective beds, or the volume of their waters ; whether
we regard the opinions of the ancient geographers, or
those of modern travellers, or of natives acquainted with
both streams—for the evidence of such as only know one
is, of course, inadmissible—the result is the same. In
.AI and every of these points of view, the Bahr el Abiadh,
or White River, is the principal stream, and the Bahr el
Azrek, the subordinate or affluent."

This valuable paper will be concluded at the nex
evening meeting.

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, THURSDAY. - The Queen and Prince
Albert took their usual early morning walk.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales Prince
Alfred, and the Princess Alice, took walking exercise
this morning on the Eastern Terrace and grounds adja-
cent to the Castle.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge, Prince George and the Princess Mary, his
Serene Highness Prince Frederic of [lease, the Lady in
Waiting of the Duchess of Cambridge, the Earl and
Countess of Lincoln, and the Gentlemen in Waiting on
the Duke of Cambridge, are expected to arrive at the
Castle to-day, on a visit to her Majesty.
His Excellency the Chevalier Bunsen, his Serene•
Highness Prince le)wcristeit,, and Lord Edward Howard
left the Castle to day.
The band of the Ist Life Guards attended during
inner.

The Queen had afterward; an evening party at the
Castle. The following had the honour of receiving in-
vitations :—Lore James Murray, Colonel and Lady
Emily Seymour. Mr. G. E. and the lion. Mrs. Anson,
Sir George and Lady Cooper and Miss Couper.
Her Majesty's private bend attended.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge, accompanied by her Royal Highness the
Princess Mary, and his Serene Highness Prince Frederic
of Hesse, and attended by Lady Augusta Cadogan and
B iron Knesebeek, left their residence, at Kew, yesterday
afternoon, for Windsor Castle. _ _

The Bishop of Newfoundland had an interview with
Earl Grey, yesterday, at the Colonial-office.
Mr. Arthur Anderson had an interview with the Right
Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson, yesterday, at the Board of
Trade. relative to the fisheries of the Orkney and Shet-
land Islands.

Dispatches were received yesterday, at the Colonial-
office, from the Governors of the North American Pro-
vinces.

Dispatches were sent off last evening from the Colonial-
office, for the Governors of New South Wales and New
Zealand.

Lord John Russell arrived at his residence, Chorley-
wood, yesterday, from Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERS ALL'S—TutTRSDAY.
From the subjoined return it will be seen that the
business was limited in extent, the investment, with two
or three exceptions, on a small scale, and the prices in
accordance with those last quoted.
NE Sl' ARKE'r HANDICAP.
A few bets have been made in the course of the week,
but in such small sums as to bio quite unworthy of quo-
tation-33 to 1 was offered on the field.
CHESTER CUP.
1000 to 20 agst Mr. Griffith's Newcourt—taken twice
1000 to 20 agst Mr. Hessletine's Fitzalleu—taken
1000 to 20 agst Mr. S. Herbert's Antler—taken
1000 to 15 agst Mr. Wilson's Punch—taken twice over
1000 to 15 agst Mr. Wilson's Crown Prince--taken
1000 to 15 agst Lord Chesterfield's Pam—taken
1000 to 10 agst Mr. Meiklam's Bannockburn—taken
DERRY.
13 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Epirote—taken
16 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Planet—taken and aft offered
25 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Glentilt—t and aft offered
33 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Luscdale—taken and aft offered
40 to 1 agst Duke of Richmond's Red Hart—taken to
upwards of 300/
1000 to 25 agst Lord Stradbrokc's Marpessa colt—taken and
afterwards offered.
2000 to 50 agst Mr. Most n's Miss Martin colt—t and aft off
1003 to 20 agst Mr. W. Scott's Christopher—taken
500 to 10 agst Mr. Pedley's Cossack—taken
500 to 10 agst Mr. Irwin's Horn of Chase—'aken
2000 to 20 agst Mr. Fuller's Oxonian—taken
1000 to 10 agst Lord Stanley's Bowstring—taken
No others mentioned.
OAKS.
10 to 1 agst Mr. PaN ne's Clementina—taken to 200/
14 to 1 ag,t Mr. J. Diy's The Fa,mer's Daughter—:alien

LE DEEDS.
TO IHE EDI 101? (YF THE SUN.

shor. nme al.!tt I troubled yai wnh a few I.:-
woks. on the absurdity having a new tide (1. t!ti when
a property ehanged hands, and the exi,tiu domed tot•rely
represent,d that proprrty, and ccul•l go with it, an en-
dorsement prora‘rty vvnt,essrd being sufficient.
14 ith nn!rt,;.Y.ages I wt!uld d!!!!al in similar manner. I
would have a genet a! inortaite Act, tt• .criniog the
p.,wer of nt,!rtll.,,g-es. Ikc., and hen, when a person
,antk-d a !oat!, he would onh hav- to endorse ,tn tut!
of the de, d th-Lt he rimr,;.V-Wed 1h- ,rop 'rev
dby the deed /0 A. 13., as as• cu tot - .
and in rest. agreeably to the General 71/41ortvtge Act.
Till.. (and a atattita d roc, ipt. t;overoment regoirt.ti
a tax n the -transaction) wou4l he as efficient as the
umst tdigthyr arid un ntellit;itA mor gage d-ed that ever
cir,wo out.

We must Ondeavour t' hot our law as por:eet as our
machinery.--I sin, Sir, your obedient servant,
A. B.

MEETING- OF PARLIAMENT.—A circular, of which
the foflowingis a copy, has been issued by the Prime
Minister to the Libfr,Al Members of the House of Co,o-
moos :—" D,,wning-street, Dec. 23, 184 a. Sir,—l have
the homair to inform you that the meeting of Parli,:.ment
being fixed for the 19th of January, business of great
importinee will be proceeded with on the opening of the
session. I take 09 liberty of requesting your atend-
anep.-1 have the honour to be your faithful servant, J.
RussELL."

Lord Stanley has formally taken up the position
that public opinion had already assigned to him as pecu-
liarly his own. His Lordship has addressed a circular
to the Protictionist ,Mcmhers of the House of Peers, in-
forming them that Parliament is to meet fel. the dispatch
of business on the 19th January; suggesting that matters
of importance will, in all probability, be immediately
brought and r their con ideration; and expressing a hope
that it may consist with their Lordships' convenience to
give their attendance at the commencement of the ses-
si"q• We need not remind our readers that this is the
usual course adopted by the recognised leader of a party;
and that'Lord Stanley should have thus publicly taken
it, cannot tail to gratify all who still value honour, in-
tegrit3', and talent in political men; and to afford, the
best guarantee that the Protectionists are resolved to
carry on their war of principle with zeal and earnest-
ness.—Post.