The Sun.
London, England, 1840-03-25 00:00:00

CERTIFICATES.-Armr, 14.

J. Rogers, hop-merchant, Manchester—W. Hill, ironmon-
ger, Bridge-street, Lambeth—W. Wyatt, licensed victualler,
Union-street, Southwark—W. Hind; millwright, Preston,
Lancashire—C. Winter, innkeeper, Marlborough, Wiltshire—
T. B. Golbovne and A. A. Dobbs, wine-merchants, Liverpool
—T. Irving, dyer, Wheat'ey, Halifax, Yorkshire—R. Ed-
wards, victualler, Aston, nigh Birmingham.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
J. Holford, J. J. Sauer, A J. N% olff. and H. Hasche, Man
chester—A. Shepherd and W. Robertson, victuallers, Red Lion
public house, Liverpool-street, Bishopsgate, City—T. Ladyman
and .1. Hamilton, tea dealers, Ashton, Lancashire—W. and T.
Ashley, plasterers, Sheffield—T. Crowther and C. Appleyard,
dyers, Halifax, Yorkshire—J. R. and J. Ray, iron merchants,
Norwich—A. and J. Gray, tailors, Duke-street, St.. James's—
R. Hudson and T. Shaw, tea dealers, Piccadilly—R. Turner,
jun. and R. Turner, fancy manufacturers, High Boston, York-
shire—W. P. and W. S. Tyars, drapers, Minories, City—A.
Hargreaves and G. Powell, plumbers, Lancaster—J. Allwood
and J. Halifax, coal dealers, Leamington-priors, Warwick-
shire—W. Grant and I. Terry, watch makes s, Princes-street,
Leicester-square—J. Wheeler, M. Wheeler, and A. Wheeler,
coach smiths, Wednesbury, Staffordshire—W. Williams and B.
Morrison, tobacco manufacturers, Liverpool—J. Daglish and
P. Brimelow, coal proprietors, Pemberton, Lancashire—R.
and N. Shelmerdine, smallware manufacturers, Salford. Lanca-
shire—P. Dickson, R. Dickson, J. Dickson, and J. Dickson,
jun., London—W. H. Forde and C. Fresnoy, wine merchants,
Bristol—S. Brice, T. S. Butterworth, W. Hier, and W. S.
Stock, sugar refiners, Bristol—P. Lean and J. Spear, malt-
sters, Halton Quay, Cornwall—G. Hartshorns and B. Neale,
ironmasters, Whittington, Staffordshire—W. and J. Dixon,
dyers, Morley, Yorkshire—J. and W. Cooper, linen drapers,
Leicester.

REPRESENTATION OF LIVERPOOL.—The an-
nouncement which we made, last week, on our own responsi-
bility, that we had good reason for believing our present popu-
lar Mayor had made up his mind to solicit from his fellow-
townsmen the honour of representing them in Parliament, has
elicited, since Monday, a very general expression of feeling and
of opinion on the subject. The result of the announcement of
Mr. Walmslev's intention to become a competitor for the ho-
nours of the representation must be deemed highly satisfactory.
Men generally are agreed as to his qualifications for discharg-
ing, efficiently and faithfully, the legislative duties to which he
aspires. The only question about which there exists a doubt
is, whether the time has arrived when the majority of the elec-
tors are prepared to support the claims of a resident fellow-
townsman to represent them in the House of Commons. Much,
very much, will depend upon the man. If he be popular as well
as able, the prejudice will be found to be almost inoperative.
Whether the popularity which Mr. Walmsley has acquired.
and justly acquired, will enable him to overcome the objection
urged against all townsmen remains to be seen. Great as his
present popularity is, it may be fairly expected to become
greater, and to be as permanent as it is high. 'Whilst, there-
fore, as we said last week, we are not very sanguine of the suc-
cess of any Reform candidate, in the attempt to wrest the
monopoly of the representation from the hands of the Tories,
backed as they arc by the preponderating votes of the old free-
men, we are still ready for a trial of strength between the Re-
formers and the Tories, and deem Mr. Walmsley as likely a
candidate to win with as any resident gentleman who has been
named in connexion with the representation of Liverpool.
Whether another gentleman should be associated with him in
the character of a candidate is a question for the future consi-
deration of the Reformers.—Liverpool
The Riglit Hon. General Sir George Hewett,
South
Bart., G.C.8., died this afternoon (Saturday), at half-past -
three o'clock, at his residence, Freemantle Park, near
ampton, in the 91st year of his age. His loss will he greatly
regretted by his family and numerous friends, but more espe-
cially the poor, to whom he was a most liberal benefactor. Sir
George was the fourth on the list of Generals, having attained
that rank in 1813, and was Colonel of the brave 61st Reg'
ment, which landed at Southampton last week, from Ceylon':
and it was somewhat singular that, although enjoying tolerable
henith a long time preceding, and atixer::l; NN iShin, to see his
old comrades once more,
took to his bed on 'that day.
- Hampshire Telegraph.

RE-UNION-LOWER CANADA.

At a meeting of a number of citizens of Quebec, in-
vited to receive the report of a committee appointed at
a previous meeting, to prepare resolutions on the pro
posed re-union of Upper and Lower Canada, held at
the hou►e of E. Glackemeyer, Esq., on Friday, the 17th
of January, 1840, John William Woolsey, Esq., was
called to the Chair. E. Glackemeyer, Esq., was re-
quested to act as Secretary. The Honouraldes R. E.
Caron, and John Neilson, T. C. Aylwin, H. S. Hoot,
and E. G!ackemcyer, Esqrs., reported the following re-
solutions, which were read by the Secretary :
Resolved—l. That in a Message from his Excel
lency the Governor-General on the subject of the re-
union of the provinces, transmitted to both Houses of
the Legislature of Upper Canada, on the 7th of Decem-
ber last, it is stated that "so far as the feelings of the
inhabitants of Lower Canada can be ascertained, the
measure of the re-unio❑ meets with apprabation."
2. That we arc not aware that any steps have been
taken to ascertain the feelings of the inhabitants of
Lower Canada, on the measure of the said re-union,
unless it be a reference which is reported to have beer.
made by the Governor-General of certain propositions
to a meeting of the Special Council for the said pro-
vince, which meeting was called by proclamation dated
at Montreal the sth of November last, to meet at that
city on the 11th of the same month, and at which, from
the nature and insufficiency of the notice, the distance
of the residence of several of the members being nearly
300 miles from Montreal, and the difficulty of travelling
at that particular season, was attended by only about
halt the members of the said Council.

3. That the Special Council has no representative
character, in so far as the inhabitants of Lower Canada
are concerned, but that the members thereof arc ap-
pointed by the Crown, during pleasure, and have cnly
an existence for special purposes to the Ist of Novem-
ber, 1840, under the Act of the Parliament of the
United Kingdom, Ist Victoria, chapter 9, and cannot
in any way be considered as expressing the feelings or
wishes of the inhabitants of this province on the mea-
sure in question.

4. That in the said Message, it is further stated that
her Majesty's advisers had refrained, during the last
Session of the Imperial Parliament, from pressing im-
mediate legislation for the re-union of the provinces,
not from any doubt as to the principle of the measure,
or its necessity, but " solely from their desire to ascer-
tain more fully the opinions of the Legislature of Upper
Canada, and to oollect information from which the de-
tails might be rendered more satisfactory to the people
of both provinces.''

5. That whatever events have marked the recent
history of Lower Canada, and led to the suspension of
the Constitution, as stated in the said Message, similar
events have occurred in Upper Canada, and the same
difficulties have existed in the legislature of both those
provinces, at the same period. The main difference
has resulted from the fact, that in Upper Canada an
appeal was made by the authority of the Crown, in the
year 1836, to the sense of the people of Upper Canada,
on the then existing differences between the Imperial
Government and the Representative Assembly ; while
no such opportunity was allowed to the inhabitants of
Lower Canada; but the Constitution of this province
was suspended to the Ist November, 1840, in the First
Session of the Imperial Parliament, held after the
breaking out of a partial rebellion in the district of
Montreal.

6. That the Act of the 31st Geo. 111., chap. 31, to
make further provision for the government of the pro-
vince of Quebec, was enacted by the Parliament of
Great Britain, upon petitions submitted at various times
from the inhabitants of this province, of different opi-
nions and feelings, and was passed after an agent for cer-
tain of the petitioners was heard at the bar of the
House of Commons ; and it is to be inferred, that all
interests in the province were fully considered by Par-
dement, before deciding on the important question of
establishing the constitution of the government of a
distant dependency of the Crown.
7. That the said Act was gladly and gratefully ac-
cepted by all the inhabitants of the said province, who
cheerfully discharged their duty to the Crown for the
defence of its Government, as established in the said
province by the said Act, when it was attacked by the
United States of America in the years 1812 and 1813,
io as to merit the thanks of their gracious Sovereign ;
and it is only within the last seven years, notwithstand-
ing the dissensions which are inseparable from free go-
vernment, that any complaints have been made apin6t
the said Constitution, or proceedings had to obtain any
alteration thereof ; but on the contrary, a general desire
had previously and repeatedly been expressed in humble
petitions to the Sovereign and Parliament to maintain
the said Constitution, and transmit it unimpaired to
posterity.
8. That whatever may have been the difficulties which
subsequently occurred in the Legislature, and the de-
plorable events in the district of Montreal, the whole
body of her Majesty's subjects in this province ought
not to be held responsible for them, or be exposed to
lose that constitution of government which was so-
lemnly granted to them by Act of the British Parlia-
meat, and be exposed to the manifold dangers and d;ffi-
culties Ada have too frequently resulted from consti-
tutioual changes.
9. That the same spirit of justice which induced the
British Parliament to re-establish by the Act 14th Geo.
111. cap. 83, commonly called the Quebec Act, the
laws of Canada, which had prevailed in the said pro-
vince from its earliest settlement, required a division
thereof, that the majority of the persons who had set-
tled in the upper part of the province should enjoy a
system of laws wish which they were acquainted, and
that now that the two provinces have grown up under
the sanction of the Imperial Parliament, with different
codes of law, and are distinct in almost everything that
contributes to hat monious action in political societies
endowed with Representative Assemblies, their re-union
could produce nothing but renewed dissension, confusion
in the laws which regulate property, oppression and
violence, the utter insecurity of persons and property,
and the total interruption of public prosperity.
10. That we have 'observed with profound grief the
erroneous and injurious aspersions on the character of
the inhabitants of this Province generally, contained in
the " Report on the affairs in British North America,
from the Earl of Durham, her Majesty's High Com-
missioner, presented by her Majesty's command, and
ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on the
11th of Febtuary, 1839," and more particularly those
parts of she said report which represent. the inhabitants,
sprung from different natural origins, as animated by
the unchristian spirit of irreconcileable hatred to each
other, and irretrievable enmity to her Majesty's Govern-
ment, even to the extent of a traitorous co-operation
with her Majesty's enemies in any future attempts to
invade this province. Imputations so unfounded, laid
before her Majesty and the British Parliament and
nation, are utterly unaccountable to loyal subjects and
honourable men in this province, and are in no ways
justified by the misfortunes which have resulted from
dissensions similar to those which have prevailed in
almost every country, including the Home Dominions
of the Crown, and most of its colonial possessions.
IL That we are fully persuaded, that the experience
of the past will serve as a beacon to warn all parties of
past errors, and that the Representative Assembly of
Lower Canada will study to promote harmony among
the different branches of the Legislature and all classes
of the people, make adequate provision for the support
of Government and the administration of justice on the
principles of the British Constitution, provide for any
improvements which time and circumstances may have
rendered necessary to afford a fair and equitable re-
presentation to all classes of the inhabitants, and in
every part of the province ; for the application of any
duties which the Imperial Parliament may think propsr
to impose on goods entering the St. Lawrence, to faci-
litate the opening of a ship navigation from the sea to
the great lakes, and for the improvement of the laws of
the province, and the general advancement of its pro-
sperity.

12. That the terms on which it has been proposed in
the message before-mentioned, to effect the said re-
union, whereby a section of the country of only about
half the population and wealth of the proposed united
province is to have one-half of the representation,
and thereby possess the power of taxing the great
majority of the inhabitants without their consent, and
applying the proceeds to a sectional portion of the pro-
vince, while a large debt contracted and spent for the
improvement of Upper Canada, is to be imposed on
the inhabitants of Lower Canada, afford sufficient evi-
dence of the erroneous information and unconstit.-
tional designs, which have presided at the formation of
the said plan, and are a sure indication of the evils
which must inevitably result from the sanction thereof
by the Imperial Parliament.
13. That the Constitution established by the said
Act, 31 Geo. 111., chap 31, be maintained, and no
alteration thereof be effected without the inhabitants of
this province having had an opportunity of being heard
on any Bill to be introduced into Parliament for that
purpose.
And the question of concurrence being separately
put on each Resolution, the same were unanimously
agreed to, viz. :—by Messrs. T. C. Aylwin, Advo-
cate ; M. Borne, J. P. ; A. Berthelot ; J. 13, E.
Bacquct, Advocate ; Thomas Baillairge ; J. N. Bosse,
Advocate ; F. Buteau, J. P. ; R. E. Carom Member
of the Legislative Council ; J. Chouinard, Merchant ;
James Dinning : C. De Guise, Advocate ; Louis Fiset,
Advocate ; L. Fortier ; E. Glackemeyer, Notary
public ; H. S. Huot,y
Public ; F. K. Garneau, Notary
Advocate ; James Kelly ; Charles Kelly E
; E. C. La-

gueux ; C. Langevin ; Joseph Laurie, Notars Public ;
Ronald McDonald ; Patrick Murphy ; Joseph: Morrin,
M.D. ; Louis Massue ; F. X. Methot ; D. illontillurn,
Advocate ; John Neilson, .1. P. ; 3. J. Nesbitt; • Wil-
liam O'Brien ; A. A. Parant, Notary Public ; I Pa-
rant, Advocate ; Joseph Parant, M.D. ; F. X. Pa radis,
J. P. ; P. Pelletier, J. P. ; Joseph Petitclerc ; Edouard
Rousseau, M.D. ; David Roy, Advocate ; A.. B. Si-
rons, Notary Public ;J. G. Tourangeau, P. ;
V. Vetu ; W. Woolsey, Colonel of Militia ; Tllaminas
Wilson, J. P. ; William Wilson ; W. H. Roy
R. Angers, Advocate ; Louis Prevost, Notary P; üblic;
G. Guay, Notary Public.
Resolved, That the same Committee prepare ropies
of petitions to her Majesty and to the two How, es of
Parliament, founded on the said Resolution.
That the said petitions be submitted as speedily • as
possible for signature, in the different local divisik ns
throughout the province, and be forwarded to Eat;lan•d,
with the least possible delay.
W. WOOLSEY, Chairman.
ED. GLACKEMEYER, Secretary.
Quebec, 18th January, 1840.

WAGES AT HOME AND ABIA`OAD.

On no subject has greater delusion been practised
upon our working-classes than in the matter of wages as
affected by restrictions upon trade in corn. The Tories
and many of the Chartists agree in maiCtaining
that
wages will inevitably fall in a corresponding 171tio with
the price of food ; they assume that the wage :4 of the
Continental labourers are much lower than those...dile
British labourer ; and that the diminution in the
of food, by the removal of the Corn-laws, would taut
immediately to depress to the level of the foreigners,
the wages of our labouring population. In this there
is the grossest tallacy, without even the pretence of a
reason to conceal it. In the first place, it is falsely
assumed that the rate of wages is determined only
by the price of food. Facts staring us in the
face every day, give the lie to that assumption.
Food, during the last three years, has nearly
doubled in price, White- wages have, in almost
every instance, considerably fallen. Then, again, it is
equally falsely assumed that the real wages of the
Continental operatives are lower than those of the
English. By " real wages" we mean the relative
quantity of the necessaries and comforts of life which
can be procured in exchange for them—that man, for
instance, receiving the highest real wages who is able
to command with them the greatest quantity of food.
—Now, we hold that the fact of immense numbers of
our most skilled artisans now leaving this country for
the Continent, is in itself a sufficient disproof of the
assumption made as to the lower wages of the Conti-
nental operatives. Would Englishmen and Scotch-
men break up the ties which bind them to home—
voluntarily undergo the toils and troubles of emi-
gration
to new countries, and consent to Fettle down
among strangers and foreigners, for less wages ? Yet
every month our best mechanics and artisans are leav-
ing our manufacturing towns, Manchester, Leeds,
Dundee, Sheffield, &c., for Germany, Belgium, and
France. The truth, is, they are offered higher wages
abroad ; their skill is better remunerated abroad ; and
they go abroad accordingly.
The relatively superior condition of the foreign la-
bourer is, however, proved beyond the possibility of a
doubt, by the Government statistical tables, lately ar-
ranged and published under the superintendence of Mr.
Porter, of the Board of Trade. This subject is very
clearly stated by a Correspondent of the Times, from
whose communication we cull the following :
The money wrtges of a journeyman carpenter, of
the first class, at Warsaw, in Poland, arc six florins I
per day, which reduced into English money, make
3s. sterling. In London the wages of the same de-
scription of workmen are ss. ; in Manchester, 4s. ; in
Glasgow 2s. 4d.; in Londonderry, 2s. Bd.; and in the I
Welsh Ironworks, 3s. 6d. In respect of nominal
wages, then, the English and Welsh appear to have 1
the advantage over the Polish workmen. When we
come to examine into the matter, holever, we find the
advantage to be only apparent. For when we compare
the relative prices of food in Britain and Poland, we
find the foreigner to have, in all respects, the most de-
cided advantage. Thus, the average price of wheat at
Warsaw, from 1825 to 1832 inclusive, was 235. 11d.
per quarter ; while at London, during the same period,
it was Gls. 11d. per quarter. But Polish wheat being
the finest in the world, is worth more by I Is. Bd. a
quarter than the average kinds of English wheat,
witieb, therefore, would make the price of wheat in Eng-
land from 1825 to 1832, of a quality equal to Polish,
735. 7d. per quarter. '['has the price of corn is in Eng-
land 200 per ceat. higher than in Poland.

We now find that the wages of the Polish carpenter,
though nominally 'Jess, are really much higher, than
those of the British operative. For with his wages the
Pole is able to command more than three times the
quantity of food which the best London workman can
do—thn real wages of the former being thus equivalent
to what Itls. 4d. a day would be to the latter :—" Now
this is somewhat startling (says the Times Correspon-
dent), and we should hardly have imagined that the
wages of a Polish carpenter would so greatly exceed
the wages of t'ae same class of workmen in the richest
city in the world ; but this arises from the difference in
the price of food, and that the calculation is correct we
shall at once perceive, if we state the precise quantity
of food that the two workmen are respectively able to
obtain by nr!ans of a week's wages :
The week's wages of the Warsaw carpenter, at 4s.
per day, being 1/. 4s ; this, at 235. lid, per
quarter, will purchase of wheat 8,003
The week's wages of the London carpenter being►
at ss. per day, 1/. 10s., this, at 735. 7d. per
quarter, will purchase
Difference 4,741
The Warsaw workman has therefore the means of
purchasing more than 41 bushels of wheat per week,
over and above what the London carpenter can pur-
chase ; the excess of the former being in the propor-
tional difference of 146 per cent.

Real
Class of Artisans. Polish English wages in
money. money. food.
fl. gr. a. d. s. d.
Clothworkers 4 0 ... 2 0 ... 6 2
Stocking-makers 2 15 ... 1 3 ... 3 10
Cotton-wcaYers 3 0 ... 1 6 ... 4 7
Silk-weavers 4 0 ... 2 0 ... 6 2
Glovers
Ropemakers
Dyers
Pewterers
Mechanics
Paviors
Shoemakers
Tailors . . 5 0 ... 2 6 ... 7 8
Carpenters
Leatherdressers
Sospmakers ..
Tanners

Masons

Thus does it appear evident that the real wages of
labour in Poland far exceed those of the United King-
dom; and from this do we perceive the benefit of low
prices of food, and how greatly they tend to improve
the condition of the labourer.

" It is this high rate of real wages (concludes the
Correspondent of the Times) that induces the German
mechanics and artificers to flock to Poland, where they
make money, and then return to their own country.
For this fact we have the authority of Mr. Jacob ; and
this brings us to a new view of the subject.
" Taking, then, as before, the case of the carpen-
ter for an example, it is evident that the carpenter at
Warsaw is much better able to make a provision
against sickness, infirmity, and old age, than the
English carpenter. And to state the difference in
their several abilities in this respect at ss. per week,
is to be very moderate. Let us, therefore, suppose that
the saving commences at the age of 25 years, that it
is continued to the age of 50, and the rate of interest
is four per cent. Now, at this rate of interest a weekly
saving of ss. will increase in 25 years to 558/. 3s. ; and
therefore in the respective abilities
age of the Polish and
' English carpenter to make
.provision against old a
and infirmity, the difference will least amount to 55g/-
in money ; and if we then consider the price of food •
Poland,as we have shown, is only one-third of the •
priche. in
England, the real difference is three times 5581
is 1,6741.; and to this extent, at least, is the con”ditwionleohf
the Polish carpenter better than that of the EEnglish carpen-
ter, at the end of a labour of twenty-five years. In short,
such are the means of the Polish carpenter, that with
lowest
e
scarcely an effort, and with the low • possible degree
of prudence and frugality, he can lay by a-week,
and thereby make that provision or r
a future day,
which, in twenty-five years, shall be equal to 1.674/.,
according to the price of food in England ; but for the
English carpenter to do this, he must
lay by 15s. a-
week, which is plainly impossible.
" In every point of view, therefore, and whether as
respects the present enjoyments or future hopes and
condition of the working-classes, we see the benefit of
low prices of food."—Leeds Times.

CORN-LAWS.—The Anti• Corn-law Meeting,
held in Wolverhampton on Tuesday last, passed off admirably,
and is another addition to that long list of triumphs of which
the men of this district are so justly proud. The men of Wol-
verhampton have our warmest congratulations. Let other
towns follow their good example and the victor) is our own.—
Staffordshire Examiner.
CORONER FOR MIDDLESEX.—The following
Committee were appointed on Monday night :—Mr. Wakley,
Col. T. Wood, Mr. Williams, Mr. Mackinnon, Mr. Solicitor-
General for Ireland, Mr. Cripps, Mr. Thomas Duncombe, Lore
Teignmouth, Sir James Duke, Lord Eliot, Mr. Aglionby, Sir
Thomas Fremantle, Sir Benjamin Hall, Mr; Gaily Knight,
and Sir George Strickland.