The Sun.
London, England, 1823-07-03 00:00:00

II It A Z I L.

We have received the Diario de Governo, of
the Brazillian Empire, of the sth of May, con-
taining an account of the opening of the Session
of the General Assembly at Rio Janeiro. This
important event took place on the 3d of May, the
Anniversary of the discovery of Brazil by the
Portuguese Navigator, Primo ALvARES CARR A L
About half-past eleven the Emperor, accompanied by his
Consort and the Princes Dona Maria da Gloria, proceeded in
state from his Palace to the Assembly. The ceremony was
conducted with great pomp. The Imperial Family were in
spendid carriages; some of the streets were strewed with flowers;
the.fronts of the houses were draped with varigated silks and
tapestry of different kinds ; the whole of the passage was
lined with troops, and the artillery in forts fired salutes.
The Emperor, being seated on his throne, addressed a
speech to the Assembly. It is stated in the Diario, 'da
his Majesty executed this duty with so much energy and
appropriate action, that he seemed rather to bespeaking extern-
' pore than reading a speech which had been prepared for him.
Perhaps his Majesty had rehearsed his part before he came
upon the scene, and, judging from the length of his address, he
had some reason for so doing. The speech occupies about
seven columns of a paper printed in a kind of large quarto, and
the new Emperor must therefore have had to perform u heavier
task than is usually imposed on Royal or Imperial personages
in making Addresses from the Throne. The Speech com-
menced thus :

" Worthy Representatives of the Brazilian nation !—This is
the greatest day that ever shone on Brazil—this day, in which
she first begins to spew herself to the world as an empire, and
as a the empire. How great is my delight at seeing the
real representatives of nearly all the provinces here assem-
bled, to communicate with each other on their mutual interests,
and to found, upon:those interests, a just and libend constitu-
tion for their Government ! We ought before. now to have en-
joyed a national representation ; but the nation either did not
sooner understand its interests, or, understanding them, wits
unable to vindicate them in consequence of the strength and
preponderance of the Portuguese party. These men, well
knowin the state of weakness and poverty to which Portugal
was reduced, and foreseeing a still greater degree of decay,
never would consent (because, though they proclaimed liberty,
they dreaded separation) that the people of Brazil should have
a representation equivalent to that which they themselves
enjoyed."
A long history is given of the complaints of Brazil against
Portugal, of the transactions of the revolution, of the finances,
and of measures adopted by the ditFerent departments of the
Government. Numerous improvements, civil and military,
are announced ; and we are glad to observe that instruction is
not neglected. Books are purchased for enlarging the public
library of Rio tie Janeiro; the number of students at the Col-
lege is increased, and a hancasterian schonl is ordered to be
opened. After long details on the foreign relations and do-
mestic situation of the State, the Emperor returned to the sub-
ject of the Constitution. lie said—_

.4 As constitutional Emperor, and more especially as perpe-
tual defender of this Empire, I stated to the people, on the lst
day of December, 1822, on which I was crowned and anoint-
ed, that with my sword I would defend the country and the
constitution, if it should prove worthy of Brazil and of
me.' 1, to-day, ratify most solemnly before you that pro-
mise, and I hope that you will aid me in the performance of it,
by forming a Constitution, wise, just, adequate and prac-
ticable, dictated by reason, not caprice, that shall have solely in
view the general happiness, which never can he complete, if
the constitution be not founded on solid bases, proved by
the wisdotn of. ages. These .are the true foundations on
which to ground a just liberty to the people, and every neces.
sary strength to the executive—a Constitution in which the
three Powers e,Ol be divided ; so that' neither shall arrogate
to itself rights which do not comport with it, but which shill
at the same time be so organized and harmonious, as to render
it impossible, even in the lapse of time, for those Powets to
become enemies, and that they may more and more co-operate
for the general happiness of the State. In fine, a constitution
which, placing barriers to despotism, whether Royal, aristo-
cratical, or democratical, shell put anarchy to Right, and plant
the tree of that liberty under whose shade shall grow the union,
tranquillity, and inde.pendence of this empire, destined to be the
wonder of both the.new and old worlds.

cution.

" EXperience has shown that all constitutions, after the
fashion of those of 1791 and. 1792, are totally theoretical and
metaphysical, and consequently impracticable : this, has been
proved by France, Spain, and lastly by Portugal. They have
not produced, as they should have done, general happiness,
but as we have seen, after a most licentious liberty, which has
already in some countries resolved into, and is others will soon
resolve into, despotism.
" Far be from us such melancholy recollections! they clothe
with mourning the joy and jubilee of this happy day.
" You are not ignorant of these facts, and I am convinced
that firmness in true constitutional principles, which have been
Sanctioned by experience, characterizes every one of the Deputies
composing this assembly. I hope that the Constitution you
will make will merit my Imperial acceptance; that will be
wise, just, and adapted to the local wants and civilization of
the Brazilian people; that it will also deserve the praise of all
nations, so that even our enemies may wish to imitate the wis-
dom of its principles.
" An assembly so illustrious and so patriotic, looking only
to the prosperity of the empire, and to the increase of its hap.
piness, will require that its Emperor shall be respected, not
only by this, but by all other nations; and that its perpetual
defender shall fulfil the promise made on the Ist December
last, and this day solemnly ratified before the nation legally
represented.

" THE CONSTITUTIONAL EMPEROR
AND PERPETUAL DEPENDER or BRAZIL."

PARIS PAPERS.

[From the Moni!run]

ARMY OF THE PYRENEES.
REPORT OF TUE AIAJOR•OENERAL TO TUE 311N16.

i

TER OF WAR.
MADRID, JUNE 24.
Monseigneur-1 have already transmitted to your. Excel-
lency, .1
on the 22d of this month, the copy of a letter from Count
Molitor, relative to the surrender of Tortosa. I have now to
send you the report made respecting the same affair, by the
Spanish Marechal de Camp Ratnon Chambo to General Molt-
tor. The latter informs his Royal Highness that he neglects no
means for assembling at Tortosa the greater part of the forces
of the Royalist Chiefs in the kingdom of Valencia, in order that
Ramon Chambo may make an advantageous diversion in Cats-
lonia. His Royal Highness has also charged me to confer, on
this subject, with the Regency of Spain, that they may con-
firm the orders given by Count Molitor, and hasten their exe-
I am, &c.

" The Major-General GUILLEMINOT.
" To M. the Marshal Minister of War."

RAMON CIIAMBO TO COUNT MOLITOR.

" Head-guarlers, Torlosa, June 13.
" Monseigneur—The commands of your Excellency, com-
municated to 11:e by the Marquis de Villores, haveieen ful-
filled. Tortosa, and all her forts, yield obedience to King
my master.

" This victory, which insures and facilitates the conquest of
the whole of Catalonia, is the result of a series of operatic is
difficult to conduct, and such as are rarely attended with suc-
cess ; but God, who protects our arms, has vouchsafed that
with 1,500 men, badly equipped, I have been able- happily to
accomplish this enterprise.
" Your Excellency knows the importance of this place ;
deign to give me the means of preserving it, and undertaking
new operations.
" The Marquis de Villores authorized nie, in one of his let-
ters, to offer preferment to those who night distinguish them-
selves in the taking of Tortosa. I hope your Excellency will
enable me to grant what I have promised.
" I sin using all diligence to place Tortosa beyond the reach
of a coup-de-main on the part of the enemy; and I have only
time to say to your Excellency, that I ut, with respect, &c.
(Signed) " RA3ION ClIAMBO."
(Prom the _Mile. )

We have already given the first five Articles of the Decree of
the Regency ; the others are as follow:
" fith. Explicit orders shall be sent, by the most prompt and
opportune means, to the Governor of Ceuta, to interdict the en.
trance into that fortress of the Cortes and Revolutionary Go-
vernment, if they attempt to present themselves ; subject, how-
ever, to the positive condition that the august Personages be
not in the least exposed by the resistance.
" 7th. In case of necessity, the most rigorous and vigilant
measures, by sea and land, shall be concerted with his Royal
Highness the Duke trAngouleme, to prevent the translition of
their Majesties and Royal Highnesses beyond sea.
" Bth. General prayers shall be put up during 8 successive
days, to implore Divine clemency under circumstances so criti-
cal, and, during this interval, the threatres shall continue
closed, and public amusements prohibited.
" 9th. Communication shall be given by extraordinary cou-
riers of the present measures to all the principal Courts of
Europe.—At the Palace, June 23, 1823.
(Signed) " The Duke de PI NFANTADO, President.
" The Duke de MONTEMAR.
" JUAN, Bishop of Osma.
" ANTONIA GOMEZ CALDERON.
"A. D. JOSEF GARCIA DE LA TORRE."
[From the Constitutionnel.]
PRIVATE CORIIEBPO):DENCE.
PERPICNA.N, JUNE 22.—Accounts have been received
at Barcelona of the arrival of Mina at the Seo d'Urgel ; a de-
tailed report of his course on our frontiers is impatiently ex-
pected.
Private accounts state that the troops which were cut off
at Murviedro from the principal corps of General Ballasteros,
and who were pursued by General Pamphile Lacroix, have en-
tered Catalonia. Other letters state, that on the 111th Nina
quitted the Seo d'Urgel with about 1,200 troops of the line and
200 miquelets, and that he has taken the direction of Lerida.
Pants, JUNE 30.—Where will the Regency of Madrid find
finances except in the reveries of the poet of the Treasury ?
Before the Revolution of the Isle of Leon every thing was in
the most afflicting state. Ministers of Finance succeeded each
other every three months, and the only one of them, 31. Garay,
who endeavoured to heal the wounds of the State by means of
salutary Reforms, or by sacrifices imposed upon the Clergy
and the Grandees, fell ey the influence of the intrigues of the
Camarilla. It is almost always a deficit in the finances which
brings about revolutions, and this did not perhaps the less con-
tribute, although there were so many other motives for the in-
surrection of the isle of Leon.
How will the finances of the Reivney of Madrid be now
Placed in the most prosperous stater Will it be by means of
loans? But where is the pledge ? AU the property of the
thoe frpr
butp property t
what
h o
att all
lenderstl
Church, and even the Tithes, are restored to the Clergy. Can
they support
whose heads th°enlselvesby ey maymeans
ot'
take
in Europe will now accept these entainguined securities?
m
What is to be apprehended is, that peace with counter-revo-
lutionary Spain will be at our cost, like the war with Consti-
tutional Spain. Financial romancers will follow political re-
=ricers ; they will endeavour to prove to us that this war has
cost us no more crowns than it has cost us men ; but in the end
it is to be feared that if it is prolonged, there will be no dimi-
nution of taxes, and there will be an increase of loans. What
money does it not cost in a country, where, by our own con-
fessions, we pay all the reckoning, and a country, too, which
from its situation promises us no indemnity. ?
We are not in so fortunate a situation as the Allies in France.
-or the Austrians at Naples. There the occupants were paid by
means' of the occupation—in Spain the occupation is paid for
by the occupants; and, if we may judge from what has passed.
'the occupation will last a long time, even after the peace, and
Spain will be a long time a burden to us. Where are the tax-
able materials which she possesses? The Colonies from whence
she drew gold are lost to her; the soil, for the produce of
which gold could be obtained, is ravaged by the flames of war,
and the arms proper to fertilize it are paralysed by discord.--
Is it by means of Convents, *hich claim even the arrears of
their tithes, that agriculture is to be successfully carried on,
or that those manufactures are to be established which re-
quire for their prosperity, security, liberty, and tranquillity?
Is it by means of vengeance and hatred, which are more and
more exasperated, and which threaten to become hereditary,
that the Spaniards will be rendered tranquil and happy, or pre-
sent that spectacle of another Eldorado, which it pleased the
romantic Journal of the Treasury, the other day, to present to
its readers ? _

(From the Courier Frattedisej •.1
PRIVATE CORRESPON]IENCE.
FRANZEORT, J u rreG.--Tlie complaints of the purchasers
of the estates sold by a Government which the Powers 4
Europe, now forming the Holy Alliance, solemnly reeng}i
—estates of which the purchasers have been since depriv:.'..
will be again taken into consideration by the Diet. 31. i:e
Wangenbeim, the Wurteniburg Minister, and a member a
the Committee appointed some time since by the Diet, to in-
vestigate this subject, has made his report to that Assembly.—
A
number of families, German and Foreign, whose ruin is
already far advanced, await the result with the greatest
im-
patience. In order to proceed with suitable slowness, several
Members have declared that they have not yet been furnished
by their Courts with sufficient Instructions; and have insisted
on a time being fixed within which they may obtain all that is
necessary to enable them conscientiously to vote. This request,
if agreed to by a majority of the Diet, would fix the period at
six weeks—that being the usage in all cases where new instruc-
tions are required. But it being observed that the six weeks
would terminate in the middle of the approaching recess, it
was agreed to adjourn the discussion till the sittings of the Diet
are resumed at the end of Autumn, and therefore this question
cannot be again discussed till next December. Certainly in a •
proceeding which has already lasted nearly nine years, a delay
of six months, instead of six weeks, is of little consequence ;
and even in the event difficult to suppose, but still possible,
that the purchasers of these estates should lose their cause,
and the ruin of so many families be judicially consummated,
they may still be grateful to the Diet for so long delaying its
decision.
Another affair, whicli deeply interests the whole people of
Germany, has been treated in a more summary way. Instead
of postponing it till after the recess, the Diet has proved that
it knows upon what occasions to give up its measured steps, in •
order to strike with promptitude when required to do so by
Powers of the first order. It has at once decided respecting the
fteedom of the press and the rifrht of interference in the internal
affairs of a Power of the second rank,