The Sun.
London, England, 1841-08-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST l4, 1841.

LONDON:
SATURDAY, AUGUST 14, 1841.

•' Mr. O'CONNELL in Ireland is organizing resist-
ive to the Tories. In England the Wliig Ita-
Alictly3 are accused by the Tory Journals of la-
Im•.Trii4,;-, to thwart and embarrass Sir ROBERT
PEEL'S Ministry. The Tories begin to be
alarmed at the certain consequence of their own
factions proceedings, and they are trying, in ad-
vance, to throw the blame of their ctrtain
failure on their opponents.
" If those Papists, headed' by O'CoNNELL,"
the: Tories whine, " would lie quiet, .and allow
us to have our own way ; if those unruly and
starvilip; manufiicturers of England would slink
Off and die in obscurity, instead of disturbing our
'repose by their agonizing groans, and alarming.
our fears by the threats of resistance, all would
be well,, but thzt old miscreant," as they de-
light to call Mr. O'CONNELL, at will continue his
rsteditious agitatiOn ; and the bread-tax repealers
in England are becoming more and more unruly
every day, and will produce great confusion.
We tell them, therefore, that by organizing .an
Opposition to Sir ROBERT - PEEL, and by the re-
,solution to overturn the Corn-law, they are no
better than traitors or rebels ' • and' if it be neces-
saiy, we will augment the military force, will
call out the yeomanry, and put down these trai-
tors and rebels us
enemies of good order and
the State."
That is a suratnary of many long IRCLIbratiQRS

in Times, Post, Standard, and Co. • But we •
must remind those Jeurnzd-, and inform Sir R.
PEEL, if belie tot aware of the fact, that to re-
sist him and his supporters, though he be clothed
with the authority of the though a great
majority of the Ilouse of Commons and the
House of Lords combine to force him into
office, will be neither treason nor rebellion,
The Tory faction are not, they cannot be,
the Sovereign. It may be rebellion to resist the
Sovereign, or treason to set the law at defiance,
but we are not aware of the existence of a statute,
or any declaration of the will of the QUEEN con-
ferring the Ministry on the Tories. Before it
can be rebellion to resist Sir R. PEEL, even by
force, if necessary, a law must be passed, or a
proclamation must be issued, to constitute him
the Sovereign of the country:
Sir ROBERT PEEL is not freely chosen by the
QUEEN to be the depositary of her power : he is
the creature of a foul brood of monopolists. As
the leader of the Tories he is the spawn of cor-
ruption. The majority he represents is not the
majority of the nation, but the majority of a
comparatively small class. He is the servant of
a usurping oligarchy. Were he and his friends
the fairly chosen representatives of the majority
of the whole empire, obedience might be a duty;
but elected only by a small portion, in which
one sect predominates—the working classes, who
most suffer by the laws, having no part in the
choice; and the laws concerning food, which are
now a question affecting them more nearly and
dearly than any other class, we cannot consider
that obedience to him and the oligarchy in the
abstract and generally, whatever a love of peace
or prudence may counsel to individuals, is either
a virtue or a duty. On the contrary, pledged as
he and his friends are to a most immoral and
most unjust course of policy, it would be vicious
not to resist them, and not to do all in our power
to put an end to their ascendancy in the Govern-
ment of the empire.

Look also at the means by which that majority
was obtained. The Times has admitted

" A prevalence of bribery in the English city and
borough elections, which could scarcely be exceeded if it
were lawful to sell votes. The evil has attained to such
a flagrant height, that if it is not soon put a stop to, it
will be impossible for the House of Commons to retain
any considerable
.portion of the esteem or respect of the
pepple. Bribery is not either a Whig or a Conservative
vie ' • it is a vice of the whole political system, it is often
foreod-upon candidates against their will, and even the
most profligate candidates are generally met half way by
the electoral bodies. During the late election it was
practised more shamelessly than ever. We could men-
tion cases in which 1001. and upwards have been given for
single votes."

Every person knows that the county elections
were decided by the landlords, who forced their
serf tenants-at-will to vote as suited them. The
majority of the tenants have no firm conviction
of the utility of keeping up the duties on timber;
they desire to have cheap sugar, and would re-
joice in low rents. They have no attachment to
PEEL; probably all they know of him is, that he
sacrificed Protestant ascendancy to keep his
place; but they have voted for him, for high
rents, high-priced timber, and dear sugar, in
obedience to the command of the rent-owners.
A majority so constituted has no just claim on
the obedience of the community.

When the political machine went forward by
a sort of routine, it was of no consequence, per-
haps, how Members were elected; but now, when ,
the public continually interferes to guide and di-
rect it—now when attention is continually' called
to the manner in which it is formed, and what
it is to do—now, when men feel them-
selves individually responsible for the Go-
vernment—to tell them they must obey Sir
ROBERT PEEL because he is the favourite of a
narrow oligarchy, who have got possession of the
Government by corrupt and immoral means, is
to insult the public understanding, and delibe-
rately to recommend men to honour and obey
the most notorious and avowed political profli-
gacy. We cannot agree with our Tory Contem-
poraries ; and the Ministry which is founded on
exclusion, corruption, and intimidation, should
be as speedily as possible destroyed. If to resist
and thwart Sir R. PEEL and the Orangemen, the
squires, and the, parsons, be rebellion—if to hold
him up to reprobation as the hired servant of
greedy and unjust monopolists be treason—if to
urge the people all in our power to resist or over-
turn the policy he has followed in opposition, be
both treason and rebellion, we shall continue to
be guilty of both till our object be achieved or
PEEL be enthroned.

To form a just estimate of the character of our
statesmen, we must always distinguish between
the effects of the Legislature and of the Execu-
tive powers. We hold with Mr. MACAULAY
that the Ministers for the time being are not
responsible for legislation, but they are respon-
sible for the execution of the laws. In propor-
tion, therefore, as our present financial and com-
mercial difficulties arise from the laws them-
selves, or from the manner in which they have
been carried into effect, the Legislature or
the Ministry must be condemned. For the de-
fects of the laws, particularly if they have not
endeavoured to amend them, the Ministers, as
members of the Legislature, must take their
share of the responsibility; but for all neglect in
executing the laws they are exclusively respon-
sible.

Now, it does not admit of one moment's
doubt or hesitation, that the sources of our pre-
sent difficulties, both financial and commercial,
are bad legislation, and not an inefficient ad-
ministration of the laws. Undoubtedly there
are some parts of the conduct of Ministers, in
relation to Canada and China, which have aug-
mented the public burdens ; but they would not
have been felt, though we make no excuse for
Imposing them, had not the energies of the
country been crippled by legal monopolies.
Who are Most responsible for that legislation,
the Whigs or the Tories ? The greater part of it
was thrilled under Tory auspices, yet the To-
ries say that the Whigs are exclusively in fault,
because they have been in office eleven years.
Throughout that entire period one branch of the
Legislature has been decidedly opposed to them.
They had no certain majority in the House of
Conunons till after the dissolution of Parliament
in 1831, and
with that majority, aided by the
people, they
carried the Reform Act in despite
of the House
of Lords. They did not Perhaps
employ very
wisely the large. majority
in the first Reformed Parliament but they eman-
cipated the negroes, and improved the govern-
ment and trade of India,
and
LordChina.ndG ,s ad
RiElyla
t
ma-
jority, however, was under
ministration, and Viscount MELBOURNE, in
addition to having had the House of Lords
always opposed to him, has never had a
House of Com-
very commanding majority in the
h
mons. For half the eleven years which the
Whigs have been in power the Tories have had
the chief influence in the Legislature, and the
Tories, consequently, are more to blame than
the Whigs for not having improved faulty and
abrogated vicious laws.
We have never been the indiscriminating
ad-
vocates' of the Whigs, and we have frequently
condemned their policy, because it injured their
party or the public; but it is excessively unjust
in the Tories to find fault with them for not hav-
a insod
,00nwe whato ri o
ot 181
oe s twonubi idn en do t 'Torall
allow
ews it nh
et
Ihne Uppertdo.
Be it an anomaly or not, the Whig Ministers
have been for only a short part of the period
they have been in office the masters or
guide of the Legislature. The Tories, form-
ing a large majority of the House of Lords, and
an obstructing minority in the House of Com-
mons, having grown, in fact, during the last two
sessions, to a majority on many questions the
Tories have had in their hands the chief pow( r
of legislation, and they must be held responsible
for its exercise. If, therefore, the source of our
difficulties be unjust and improper legislation,
it is clear the Tories, who, as the rule, have re-
sisted change, must be more to blame on ac-
count of our present difficulties than the Whigs,
Sir R. PEEL and his friends—short.sightea men
, --were not aware that they would be dreadfully

embarrassed when they

were about to take

office., by the consequences of the legislation
they resolutely refused to amend. There it is,
however ; and Sir R. ?Era, and his party are
properly vanished, by the difficulties of: their
situation, for maintaining the laws which are
now causing a deficiency of revenue for the State
and a deficiency offood for tile people.

The advent of the Tories to office, was to be
the coming of peace and prosperity. We have al-
ready adverted to the disastrous effect their ap-
proach to power has had on our trade. Its effects
may be traced abroad, as well as at home. The
healthy influence of Great Britain over other
countries is checked, by the certainty that the
Tories will soon annihilate it altogether. France,
defeated in Syria, turns her attention to Spain,
and the intrigues of Louis PHILIPPE threaten
to embroil that country, in order to pave the
way for placing his branch of the BOURBONS on
the throne. He would not have• undertaken that
task had Lord PALMERSTON, who so cleverly
overthrew M. THIERS, not been about to retire.
Lord PALMERSTON is aware that any remon-
strances on his part would want the weight
which they bad when he was backed by the
confidence of Parliament, a,nd he is condemned
to a limited activity. The Tories like Dox CAR-
LOS better than the EX-QUEEN, and the
EX-QUEEN better than ESPARTERO, and
they would look complacently on the intrigues
to defeat ESPA RTERO, in the hope of restoring
the ascendancy of the Carlists, if they could not
expect to place CA RLOS on the Throne. The
probability of the Tories acceding to office has
given strength and consistency, then, to the plans
of Louis PHILIPPE and the ex-Queen of SPAIN.
They know that in a fortnight they will have
nothing whatever to dread from England. At
home the effect of the Tories' success has been to
produce bankruptcy and augment distress;
abroad it has endangered an ally, and may
speedily embroil. Europe.

We perceive with pleasure that the new colony
of Western Australia, has commenced most
auspiciously. England now boasts another fair
daughter in Australind, which promises to grow
and flourish like her sisters. All the settlers
write in the most favourable terms of the country
at Leschenault, and say it would be per-
fect did not a bar at the entrance of the
inlet impede navigation. They find both lime-
stone and timber close to the spot they have
chosen for the site of their town; the waters
aboundin fish; and melons, grapes, with all the
fruits and vegetables common to our climate,
thrive well. It is some satisfaction to our
people to know, that, as their own father-land
is made comfortless by penury, and unbearable
by the oppression of grinding monopolies,—
that new homes are preparing for them and
their offspring in the southern hemisphere,—
where Englishmen are establishing a new em-
pire, that promises, in time, to be as prosperous
and as powerful as the Old England of the
Northern Hemisphere.

Some extracts from the public despatches
of the Governor of the new settlement, will
be found in another part of The Sun.

In the Afternoon Edition of yesterday's Sun,
we anticipated most of the news in the Paris
Journals of Thursday. The following additional
extracts from them are sufficiently interesting to
claim a place in our columns :-
- The Gazette de France publishes the following ex-
tract of a letter from the Duke de Fitz-James, relative to
the accident of the Duke de Bordeaux, dated Kirchberg,
3d inst. :—" It was on the 28th ult., between three and
four in the afternoon, at two leagues from Kirchberg,
near Schrems, that the accident occurred. The Prince
was riding a young horse, which he had purchased in
Bohemia; a waggon drawn by oxen was ping by,
aid the horse refused to advance. M. de Locmaria
wished to pass first before the Prince, thinking that the
other horse would then follow him ; but Henri do
France would not allow it, as being a bad lesson to teach
the animal, and at the same moment dug his spurs into
the horse's sides. The animal reared straight up, turned
over, and fell with all his weight on the Prince, who
still held the bridle, and had not given up his seat.
The Duke tried to get up, but the left thigh was
broken in the upper part. Henri de Bourbon then des-
patched M. de Foresta, one of the persons accompanyinc,
him, to fetch assistance from Kirchberg. Notwithstand-
inge the pain he suffered, he retained all his presence of
mind, and recommended the messenger to say nothing that
would frighten his aunt and his sister. M. de Foresta,
who was much alarmed, turned pale. "fakecare whatyou
do,' said the Prince. good-naturdly, and do not go into
the chateau with such a face as that.' The Duke re-
mained lying on the ground for two hours. At the end
of that time assistance came, and the Prince was
placed on-a--kind of waggon, the only vehicle for
which the roads round Kirchberg are practicable ; but
such was the bad state of these roads, that the cortege
did not arrive at Kirchberg-till nine at night.- Dur-
ing all this time the sufferings of the;Prince may be
conceived ; but not a single cry of pain escaped him.
The only thought that occupied him was the dis-
tress he should occasion to the Royal Family. His first
word to Dr. Bougon was, Is it not so, Doctor ? I shall
be able to ride again?' The Doctor having tranquillized
him on this point, his Royal Highness showed much sa-
tisfaction. Dr. Bougon immediately sent off for one of
the first surgeons of Vienna, but it was only after a
lapse of 36 hours that he could reach Kirchberg, and re-
duce the fracture. This surgeon has formally declared
that the accident will have no serious consequences, and
that the Prince will not be lame from it."

• The Moniker Parisien, on the other hand, says :
" The first assistance given to the Prince was not skil-
fully directed : the most simple precautions were neg-
lected, and several hours elapsed before the aid of -a pro-
fessional man could be obtained. The medical attendants
of the Prince found the swelling a considerable one, and
discovered that the neck of the femur had been fractured:
the state of the Prince offered no danger, but it was
thought he would remain lame for the rest of his life,
and perhaps would never be able to walk without
crutches. This information is furnished us by a person
who witnessed the accident, was present at the visit of
the surgeons, and heard from them their opinion."
The Prince Royal of Bavaria has arrived at Eins,
which is this year a place of very fashionable resort.
The King of Hanover, as we have already montioned,
with a numerous suite, . amongst whom is Prince Ber-
nard de Solms, President of the Hanoverian' Council of
State, the reigning Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, M. de BOu-
tenief, the Russian Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte,
and Count de Chotek, one of the most distinguished No-
blemen of Bohemia, are also amongst the visitors.
The King and Queen, with the Minister of Marine,
and a numerous suite, went on Tuesday to Treport, with
the intention of taking a short sail; but the weather, was
unfavourable, and after remaining a short time on board
the Royal yacht their Majesties came ashore. In the
evening their Majesties received the Sub-Prefect of
Dieppe, the Mayor of Eu, and other authorities.
'rho Minister of Marine has set out for Eu.

The Courrier Francais says—" We have received ac-
counts from Tunis, confirming the reports of the unhealthy
state of the crews of the division of M. Leroy. The
Montebello and Neptune of the line, and the Andromede
frigate,' anchored off Tunis, had as many as 400 sick,
owing to the excessive heat. The Phaeton packet had
landed 100 of them at Bona, where they are no
better than they were on board. If this state of
things should continue, the dirision must be recalled.
The squadron of Admiral Ilugon is to visit Algiers for
a week, and then to return to Toulon, where it is ex-
pected between the 15th and 20th of this month. The
division of Admiral Lasusse is to remain at Smyrna
and the roads of Ourlac, in order to be at hand to re-
ceive despatches from France, Constantinople, and
Alexandria."
The French hospital at Port Mahon is now so full,
as a correspondent of the Commerce writes from Algiers,
that the invalids are ordered to be sent to Toulon 'and
Marseilles.
The letters from Algiers of the 2d of this month,
are more favourable to General Bugeaud. "Everything,"
says one of our Correspondents, " indicates that it is
at length determined to do something for the column.
We learn that tho 58th Regiment has marched this
morning to the
belonging to different corps will be assembled
plains of Staoueli, where battalions
at the same time. We are assured that these
troops are to be permanently stationed there. The
Phare steamer is gone to land on the shore near
Staoucli, a great number of block houses, which it has
taken on board at Algiers, and some of which are to be
placed on th.s banks of the Chiffk. For some days past
a great number of inhabitants of Mahon have arrived
at Algiers. The hospital. at Mahon being now
crowded, most of the sick and wounded of the
army in Africa will be conveyed, till further ArcieW, to
Marseillea or Toulon, The 443Inner$ fitted 'OP as 11'
pitals are very u4eful, since the return of the eipodi-
tionary army. Other steamers servo to keep up the
communication with our naval stations. Thus the Phae-
ton arrived on the 23d of July at Bona, being sent by
Capt. Leroy, who commands the squadron off Tunis. The
Phaeton had a great number of sick on board, and rep9,o3
that the crews of the Montebello fin 4 trio WeptliPe Of
the line, ;1114 of the Ar4.drunicile friPte, had more than
400 sick, owing to the great heat, and the wind blowing
from the Desert. When the Cerbere left Oran on the
Ist of August, the column of General Lamoriciere hail
just returned; it was between 5,000 and 6,000 strong, and
had left Mostaganem on the 26th of July. The C1e.11.6
ral wished to bring the enemy
Ftico t whO vas said
to IJe Pfee f 44 thP SonM, but the Arabs would not
engage with our troops. The column then proceeded
-
t6Oran where it arrived on the Ist of August, afte
soar trifling actions wig; the enemy; wlao sticiA AO

they saw that the column resumed its march incessantly
!amassed the rear-guard.—Le Comnicrce:
BOURSE—PARIS, THURSDAY, AUGUST 12.

First /TigheSt Lowest I.ast
Prief. Price. Price. Price
French 5 ror rents ...
. per Cents .... 105 50 ... les 50 ... 105 50 ... 105 SO
4, er Cents... OO `0 .. nts so
~. ,we6o .. 0)) 6 i
. .
3 per Cents. cx. div. 77 50 ... 77 51 ... 77 50 ... 17 50
Bank of etance
1-artiste rt., L I,ooof. S; ares 11'40 .6.11'40 ...IP4O ...11.40
il,vian Bank
Belgian 5 per Cents.
New Loan lllk9 ...,lias4 ... 11.1356 ... 10334
*mush Aci ive
Passive
Neapolitan
Roman . .... 1(9% ... 102% ... 102% ... 102%

RAILWAT SHARES.
St Germain
Versailles. L.B ...........
H. B 335 ... 3.'5 232 f,O ... 233 75
!lotion ..«.«.......«.« 455 ... 455 452 5J ... 452 50
urieatis ....... 41.0 480 480 ... 48
Str3sburg to:Bale 237 50 ... X 33 75 ... 237 50 233 75

EXPRESS FROM PARIS

FRANCE.

The Paris news of Friday (yesterday) has been re-
ceived in London by Express.
The Marquis de Pastoret, in a letter to the Journal
des Debuts., ,denies that the state of the Duke de Bor-
deaux was so serious as reported by that paper ; but the
Debuts repeats its previous statement.
No French news of importance has reached us. The
crime of incendiarism appears to make fearful progress
in the South. The Debuts, speaking, it was believed, the
sense of the Government, regards the proposed union of
Customs between France and Belgium as calculated to
give maritime supremacy to France, and the command of
the three seas which wash the Continent of Europe and
the new world.

The French Funds were languid at the beginning of
business on the Bourse on Friday, but they soon reco-
vered. The weather h: d again become fine.
PARIS, Aua. 13.—Three per Cents., 77f. 50c. ; Spanish,
20 to 11.

s MARY OF Ni EW

AND
übltc Optuton.

" runs may read."

FOREIGN.

—We have news from the United States to the 24th
of July. No further account of Mr. M'Leod's case, ex-
cept that his trial is to come on in September, and that
the Supreme Court changed the venue to another county,
to allow him a fair trial.
The Loan Bill for twelve millions of dollars has
passed Congress. The scrip is absolutely redeemable in
three years, and at any time previously upon the Go-
vernment giving the holders six months' notice. The
shortness of the period is intended to shut out foreign
cfspitalists. _

Queen Christina's protest, and the reply of the
Spanish Government, are the principal topics of discus-
sion in Paris. Most of the journals represent the mani-
festo as wanting in dignity, and they are right. A false
delicacy should no longer prevent Espartero from ex-
posing the worthlessness of the avaricious and profligate
woman who seeks to re-plunge Spain in all the horrors
of civil war.

The King of Bavaria and the Queen of Wurtem-
burg have given most flattering receptions to Dr. Gran-
ville on account of his work on German Spas. At a
public dinner given him at Kissingen a deputation pre-
sented him with a gold box containing fifty Fredericks
of ten guilders each to purchase a tea service. Here is
an encouragement for guide-book compilers.