The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-09 00:00:00

No. 17,175.] LON DON, SATURDAY EVENING SUN, OCTOBER 9, 1847.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the Management of Madame Vestris.
Sole Lessee, Mr. Charles Mathews.
The Public are respectfully informed that her Majesty haying been
graciously pleased to honour this Theatre with her PATRONAGE,
the SEASON will COMMENCE on MONDAY, OCTOBER 18.

On Saturday next will be published, in One Volume, square crown
Bvo., with Twenty-nine Ornamental Borders, composed of Flowers
and Insects, engraved en Wood, priCe 30s. boards, or 455. bound in
morocco, by Hayday,
THE POET'S PLEASAUNCE ; or, Garden of
all sorts of Pleasant Flowers, which our Pleasant Poets have,
in Past Time, for Pastime, planted. By EDEN WARWICK.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

THOMSON'S SEASONS, BY DR. A. T. THOMSON.
On Saturday next will be published, in fcap. Bvo., price 7s. 6d. cloth,
THE SEASONS. By JAMES THOMSON.
Edited, with Notes, Philosophical, Classical, Historical, and
Biographical, by ANTHONY TODD THOMSON, M.D., F.L.S. ;
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London ; Professor of Ma-.
teria Medics, and Therapeutics, and of Forensic Medicine, in Univer-
sity College, London, &c.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman'.

Published This Day, In post Bvo., price 12s. cloth,
CHRISTIANITY ; its perfect Adaptation to the
C
Mental, Moral, and Spiritual Nature of Man. By ATHANASE
COQUEREL, one of the Pastors of the French Protestant Church of
France, and Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Translated by the
Rev. D. DAVISON, M.A. With a Preface, written expressly for the
English Edition, by the Author.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

NEW EDITION OF SIDNEY HALL'S COLOMBIEIit ATLAS,

CORRECTED TO 1847

On MondaT, November 1, will be published, Part 1., to be completed
in 14 Monthly Parts, rolombier 4t0., price 6s. each,
SIDNEY HALL'S GENERAL LARGE LI-
BRARY ATLAS of the WORLD ; comprising 53 coloured
Maps (size 20 in. by 16 in.), and an Alphabetical Index of all the
Places contained in the Maps, with their Latitude and Longitude. An
entirely New Edition, corrected throughout from the best Authori-
ties ; with all the Railways laid down, and many of the Maps re-
drawn and re-engraved.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

TEMPERANCE AND TEETOTALISM.

Just published, price Sixpence,
AN INQUIRY into the EFFECTS of ALCO-
HOLIC DRINKS on the HUMAN SYSTEM in HEALTH
and DISEASE.

Reprinted from No. 4S of the " British and Foreign Medical Re-
view," edited by JOHN FORBES, ALD., F.R.S., Physician to her
Majesty's Household, &c.
London : John Churchill, Princes-street, Soho.

Ready next week, the Second Edition, with considerable additions, of
D GULLY on the WATER CURE in
CHRONIC DISEASE.

London : John Churchill. MalveiriT Henry Lamb.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.
WANTED TO BORROW, on the security of the County
Rates for Middlesex, for the purposes of the Act 8 and 9 Viet., c. 126,
relating to Pauper Lunatic Asylums, the sum of TWENTY THOU-
SAND POUNDS, to be advanced on the 22d inst. The interest will
be paid half-yearly ; and one thirtieth part of the principal will be
repaid at the end of each year, until the whole shall be discharged.
All persons desirous of lending the money are requested to send
in sealed tenders, endorsed " Tenders for Lending Money for the
purposes of the Additional Pauper Lunatic Asylum," addressed " To
the Chairman of the Committee of Visitors of the Additional Pauper
Lunatic Asylum," under cover to ate, at the " Sessions House, Clor-
kenwell-green," before WEDNESDAY, the 20th instant, stating the
lowest rate of interest at which they will advance the sane.

JOHN S. IIiKAIFE, Clerk to the Visitors,
Sessions House, Clerkenwell, Oct. 6, 1847.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY
TENDERS FOR LOANS.

The Directors of this Comeau,' are ready to receive TENDERS
'or LOANS on security of the Company's Debentures, in sums of
not loss than 1,0001. each, at 51. per Cent. interest, payable half-
rearly, and for terms of Three, Five, or Seven years.
Applications to be made to the undersigned.
CHARLES A SAUNDERS, Secretary.
London Terminus, Paddington, August 20, 1247.

EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.
NEWMARKET RACES.
Coaches from Newmarket meet the following Trains from London
on MONDAY and TUESDAY, October 11 and 12, VIZ. :
Via Chesterford-7 if, 9 30, and 11 30 a.m.-2 40, 5, and 6 P.M.
Via Cambridge-7 15 and 11 30 ix-5 and 6 P.M.
A SPECIAL TRAIN will leave London on Tuesday, at $ A.M., re-
turning from Cambridge at 6 45, and from Chesterford at 7 25 P.M.
By order,

C. P. RONEY, Secretary,
Office, Bishopsgate Station, October i, 1847.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
A LECTURE on the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of a JET
of bTEAM, in reference to VENTILATION, &c., with Novel and
Interesting Experiments, by Dr. BACHHOFFNER, daily at Half-
past Three. LECTURES on CHARACTER, with Musieal Il-
lustrations, by Mr. J. RUSSELL, accompanied by Dr. Wallis,
on the Pianoforte, every Evening, at Eight o'clock, except
Saturday. CHEMICAL LECTURES. The ELECTRIC TELE-
GRAPHS worked. The WORKING MODELS, explained daily.
The beautiful OPTICAL EFFECTS include an entirely New Series
ot 'DISSOLVING VIEWS. DIVING BELL and DIVER, with
HYDE'S NEW APPARATUS for CONVERSING with PERSONS
under WATER, Sce. ice.
Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.

NEW SYSTEM OF PAPER CUR-
RENCY.-INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—The currency question is of the utmost im-
portance to our industrial development, and our
position in advance of the nations. Britain under a
paper currency became most prosperous, capable of
financial and warlike efforts unprecedentedly great.
Scotland, also, under a one:pound paper currency, has
improved in a greater degree than any other country,
considering her inferior natural advantages and
position, a distant provincial corner of the empire;
and it is unquestionably to the paper currency and
banking conveniences that this improvement is owing,
combined with the industrious and provident cha-
racter of the people.
In the present condition of the country, labouring
under stupendous efforts in improving our communi-
cation, and at the same time opening our ports to
foreign food supply, a currency reform, and the
adoption of a one pound paper issue in Fngland,
comes to be a most urgent necessity, and is indeed
only an affair of time. But the earlier its adoption
the less will be the industrial difficulties, disaster, and
misery, the more rapid will be the development of
our industrial resourses, and the flow of an unebbing
tide of prosperity to an unconceived height. How
shall we liberate British industry from Peel's crushing
currency laws f is the question.
Had the arch-enemy the ordering of our monetary
legislation (our Bills of 1819, 1844, and 1845) he
could scarcely have devised a system better calculated
to repress industry and promote misery. By the
system now in operation a periodic deceptive pro-
sperity is induced, and no sooner are we thus
fairly launched into industrial enterprise than an
export of British gold takes place. The banks,
to save themselves, contract their paper issues
and discounts. The currency being thus doubly
curtailed (both in gold and paper), the pound
sterling becomes considerably augmented in value,
and all liabilities unjustly increased. Money panics,
bankruptcy, vast destruction of property, extended
misery, is the result—the victims consisting of the
most enterprising and industrious portion of the
community.
Free trade in money—that is, free issue and circu-
lation of promises to pay on demand, or at a certain
time, by those who can give undoubted security of
ability to pay ought surely to accompany free
trade in goods. It behoves the Legislature to attend
immediately to this, and to consider how best to re-
gulate a steady value to the pound sterling. It has
been proposed to pay in bullion, at the market price
of gold or silver at the time. This, of course, dis-
penses with the precious metals as a measure of value
to the pound sterling. Could the value of the pound
sterling be regulated and maintained more steadily
by other means or measures than it recently has been
under the gold convertible plan ? This leads to the
inquiry—How was the value of the pound sterling
maintained so high even as 145., and with no very
great fluctuation in time of the war, without cash
payments ? From what cause did the paper value of
gold, per ounce, fall after the battle of Waterloo, and
come so near the original standard value ?
It seems impossible in the nature of things to re-
gulate a paper and precious metal currency to work
together aright. A gold currency, mingled as it now
is with paper currency, is a very unstable measure of
value, rising and falling not only in proportion to the
produce and demand of gold itself, but also subject to
great fluctuations at every money panic, from the
curtailment of paper issues. In the event of a one
pound paper issue in England, it is not improbable
that some other measure of value than the precious
metals will be proposed, or some complex plan of pay-
ment by a bullion standard measure, perhaps extend-
ing the payment of issues over a certain space of time,
thus to give opportunity to the issuers of paper to
collect bullion from other countries to meet any de-
mand, the demanders of bullion lodging the notes
with the issuers at interest for this limited time (say
three or six months) till the bullion is obtained. In
whatever way a one pound paper currency may be
arranged, it will have a tendency to reduce or check
the gradual rise which has taken place since the war
in the value of the precious metals and of the pound
sterling, caused by the decreased production of
the metals in America and • the increased
demand to supply a metallic currency for
the vastly-increased traffic of the world, together
with the increased consumption in the arts. This
rise in the value of the pound sterling, in consequence
of the greater demand and lessened supply, has had
the worst possible effects upon the industrial pros-
perity. The actual producers work greatly with
borrowed capital, and this increasing value of the
pound sterling operates slowly but surely to Wing
them under greater liabilities to money-lenders, un-
justly increasing their debts, while at the same time
the material they are working up is, from the same
cause, lessening in value in passing through their
hands, as is also their unsold manufactured stock.
For two centuries previous to the end of the last
French_ war, the value of the precious metals and of
money generally had been gradually decreasing,
giving a healthy tone to the industrious world, and
to which indeed much of the advancement
of modern improvement and civililisation may
be ascribed. As things are now arranged,
an opposite influence is being exerted, and the only
gainers are the money-lenders, fundholders, and all
those in receipt of a fixed income, a considerable
portion of whom are unproductive, supported by the
industry of others. Better it were that the indus-
trious producer should get into superior circumstances
by a depreciation of the measure of his debts than
that the measure of his debts should increase, though
either way is attended with injustice. In the case of
the fundholder it is aggravating to feel his
bond against the public swelling greater from
year to year from this increase of the value of the
pound sterling; more especially as the debt was con-
tracted on highly usurious terms, at a time when
usury was unlawful, much of it being contracted--
about 501. paid to receive the promise of 1001., while
at the same time this 501. was paid in a depreciated
paper worth only 14s. cash per pound sterling, and
aokfin
gold and silver (that is, the 145.) also of a less value
than
gi
borrowingn
t account, c
the
en
depreciated
the ve r y
currency
disadvan-
tageous now.
terms T
notes in which the money was borrowed, and the
gradual rise of the value of the precious metals since
the debt was incurred, I am warranted in affirming
that the present national debt is nearly four times
greater than the actual value lent, and that the in-
dustrious community, in this and other liabilities,
have been cheated by law of at least 1,000,000,0001.
sterling. This is not to be borne. Landholder,
farmer, manufacturer—the whole industrious com-
munity—every lover of his country—every hater of
injustice—will unite against it. Hitherto the money-
lenders have succeeded in blinding the Legislature,
and have effected their ends unchecked.

IMPROVED PAPER CURRENCY.
RAILWAY ISSUE OF NOTES AND RAILWAY BANKS.
In a rude state of society traffic is conducted by
simple barter.
As civilisation advances, simple barter gives place
to complex barter, through the medium of the pre-
cious metals.

The insecurity of property and doubtful credit and
,system necessary. The
us ages of the past, have
rdistrust
do f
the th
come 0 sme mp l ie-xb abrabrat
barter
costliness, loss by friction, and inconveniences of
attending the corn-
sial order, confidence,
pwleeixghsyinsgtemaroef
Such is now ttbhhi
leer
timproved
t asgo ec
and security of property in Britain, that the clumsy
eyciobuasnished from our
metal currency)
wholesale traffic, and is only still
ifsashuinocnalolefdcofmorp.lexltbaisrtearlr(epard
in practice in our
retail traffic on account of our monetary laws and
usages being in arrear of the advancement of the age.
A paper currency on the great scale—bills of ex-
change, transferable promises to pay has been
almost universally adopted throughout the more
civilised nations as a medium of exchange in whole-
sale traffic. Yet in retail traffic a paper currency
has only been partially resorted to, and not very
wisely conducted. More lately, indeed, England has
fallen back upon the semi-barbarous usage, and again
adopted to a considerable extent the costly and
troublesome practice of complex barter or gold cur-
rency. Partly led to this by the ill-arranged, or
rather vitiated-by-law system of her former paper
currency and. banking, partly on account of linger-
ing prejudices in favour of gold, and the exertion of
selfish influences to raise the value of money.
Our capital is the soul of our industry, the mea-
sure of our fabricating power. It consists of the
unconsumed, hoarded produce of our labour, and
productive lands—partly fixed, partly floating (that
is, in the act of manufacture or exchange). Much of
our floating capital has lately become fixed, absorbed
by our railways ; much has been expended for foreign
food in gold currency or bullion—a balance of our
manufactures' export not having taken place, from the
greatness and suddenness of the food demand ope-
rating before new channels of demand for our manu-
factures had time to open. This, with the curtail-
ment of our paper issues and discounts, has diminished
both our floating capital and currency. Unexampled
vacillations in the price of food have also taken place,
which has unsettled credit—thence our present money
panics and distress. The question comes to be—How
shall we best remedy this injurious absorption of

[PRICE D.

BANQUET TO MR. COBDEN AT
HAMBURGH.
HAMBURGH, OCT. s.—The great free-trade banquet
given in honour of Mr. Cobden took place yesterday
evening, and it was, in all respects, a demonstration
of a most gratifying character. The building know n
as Krantler's Riding-school, in the Drehbahn, was
used upon the occasion. It was tastefully decorated
with wreaths and festoons of leaves and flowers, and a
vast number of flags of all nations; and the saloon was
lighted up by the aid of upwards of 2,000 tapers, placed
in candelabra of different heights and sizes, so as to pro-
duce a very imposing general effect. The upper
portion of the building was illuminated by the aid of
chandeliers suspended from the roof, or attached to
the sides of the building. At the extremity of the
saloon a small platform was raised as a tribune for
the speakers, surmounted by a drapery, likewise com-
posed of flags ; and the two galleries at the opposite
extremity were devoted, the one to the splendid band
of music engaged for the occasion, and the other for I
ladies, who were admitted by ticket. This latter
gallery was completely filled before Mr. Cobden's
arrival, and the arrangements included the supply of
a profusion of ices, confectionary, and champagnes,
throughout the evening, in the ladies' gallery. At
half-past five o'clock precisely Mr. Cobden was
ushered into the saloon by the chairman of the day,
M. Ruperti, president for this year of the Chamber of
Commerce. He was met at his entry by all the
members of the committee (twenty-four in number)
and followed by the whole company, the band
striking up an appropriate air of welcome. The
saloon contained twelve tables, each with covers
laid for sixty-two persons • at the head and foot of
each two members of the committee presided. A
very few minutes sufficed to enable the company
to take their seats, and as there appeared eventually
to be scarcely half-a-dozen vacant chairs, it follows
that the total number of persons who assisted at this
fete must have exceeded seven hundred. After
the discussion of the first course (the practice
in Germany being to speak between courses), M.
Ruperti ascended the tribune to welcome the assem-
bled guests, and to say a few words upon the subject
of free-trade —of the great principle which had brought
them all together. He was succeeded by M. Ross, to
whom the honour of proposing the health of the great
guest of the evening had been assigned. During the
short speech of this gentleman, every allusion he
made to Mr. Cobden, and to the services he had ren-
dered to the great cause of free trade throughout the
world, was responded to by immense applause, which
was redoubled at its close, when he proposed " The
health of Richard Cobden." The band immediately
struck up a most appropriate air out of the opera of
Richard Lowenhertz (Richard Cceur de Leon),
the words being :
" Du stolzes England freue dich,
Deing Konig, Richard, liebt dich noch, &c.
(" Thou proud England rejoice,
Thy Sovereign, Richard, still loves thee.")
The company caught up the allusion amid raptur-
ous expressions of delight, a vast number of them
singing the words as an accompaniment to the splen-
did music of the orchestral band. Mr. Cobden then
ascended the tribune amid the vociferous exclama-
tions of the assembled company, every one rising.
After making slight allusion to some of the compli-
ments introduced by M. Ross in his favour, and
disclaiming the slightest right to the distinction which
had been awarded to him of being the sole author of
the great free-trade movement in England—after
having done full justice to the share which had been
taken therein by Messrs. Villiers, Bright, Gibson,
Fox, and others—and after having passed a short but
warm panegyric upon the part taken by Sir R. Peel
at the expense of early impressions and party associa-
tions—Mr. Cobden entered into a general history
of his recent travels, and of the observations he had
made in the different countries which he had recently
visited. He drew a comparison between Leghorn
and Barcelona—between a city raised to magnificence
on an arid plain in Italy, under the fostering prin-
ciples of freedom of trade, and another city enjoying
every possible advantage naturally, but cramped in
its energies by the withering principles of protection
and prohibition, and thereby stayed in its progress.
Mr. Cobden said he should like to pay a visit to those
two cities with Protectionists, and let them see, in-
quire, and judge for themselves on the spot ; and he
felt satisfied that the Protectionists could not escape
conviction, and would at once forego their errors. He
then referred to the free-trade principles which had
caused Hamburgh to flourish, and under the fostering,
aid of which the citizens had been enabled to over-
come the immense calamity of 1842, and to raise up
so magnificent a city from the ashes under which it
had been then overwhelmed. He ridiculed the
efforts of Augsburg, and Munich, and Carlsruhe to
instruct Hamburgh as to the commercial prin-
ciples they ought to adopt—their desire to see
a city bearing the great fruits of free-trade
principles within her walls, and being enabled
thereby to spread her commerce through all parts of
the world, closing her ports to the flag of any par-
ticular nation. Why (said the Hon. Gentleman),
the inhabitants of Augsburg and Munich never saw
a ship in their lives; and are they to instruct you,
whose prosperity depends upon the activity of your
ports, which flag you shall admit, and which you are
to reject ? Mr. Cobden then made some allusions to
the admirable pamphlet on the statistics of Hamburgh
(Denkschrift), recently published here under the au-
thority of the Senate, which he characterised as one
of the most remarkable and most useful publications
of the kind it had ever been his fortune to read ; and
he augured from it that it would tend more to open
the eyes of the inhabitants of the Zollverein than any-
thing else he could conceive. Mr. Cobden admitted
that the Governments generally were favourable to
the principles of free trade, and he felt assured that if
they had now a clean sheet of paper whereon to write
their respective tariffs, those tariffs would be

established upon the simplest possible principle ;
that their object would be to invite cheap foreign im-
portations under moderate duties, levied for fiscal
purposes only, instead of endeavouring to compel
their fellow-countrymen to pay high duties with the
object of producing commodities at an exorbitant
price at home ; but (said he) unfortunately Govern-
ments have not a clean sheet of paper whereon to
write their tariffs, but sheets of foolscap, crowded
with duties of so complicated a nature, that it has
become almost necessary to found a college for the
purpose of instructing the rising generation in the
mysteries of all custom-houses before they dare ven-
ture to enter upon foreign commerce at all. After
some humorous allusions to the practice of speaking
in Germany between the courses, and to his indispo-
sition to detain the assembled company any longer
from their good cheer, Mr. Cobden concluded a speech
of about half an hour's duration, and which had been
listened to with breathless attention, and had been
throughout received with rapturous applause, by
thanking the company for the distinction shown to
him, and proposing as a toast, " Continued prosperity a
to the Town and Trade of this City."
The other toasts which were then given in sace•a„
sion were, "Free navigation to every port of 'the
world ;" which, as having reference to the absurd na-
vigation laws of England, France, tend otlier coun-
tries, was warmly welcomed. "DIU VatC;itand," was
then drunk, preceded by the swag of '' Was ist des
Deutchen Vaterland ?" whicla. vas sung by the whole
of the company present, and with a feeling of enthu-
siasm which this great Vaterliindische song never fails
to elicit in any part of Germatoy. He who knows
anything about the musical tfi) ent which is more or
less possessed by every Gerrron, will not be at a loss
to guess the effect of at listrist 600 voices singing a
beautiful national melody., accompanied by a band of
forty musicians. This `sing
was da• capoed by uni-
versal desire. Other tolists succeeded, and at about
ten o'clock Mr. CoVien again ascended the tribune
to repeat once more hls thanks for the cordial recep
ti.n he had met with at Hamburgh, and the meeting
broke up.
the heels of the
this kind at Hamburgh, treading upone
It is impossible to conceive that a demonstration of
o d in his speeches,
publication alluded to by
vnot have the effect of
the boundaries
coafnthfaeil ina" 'that radius to lower
their
' the Governments within
inducing
Ztoollcvreeraetine.a sletnsatillorn. Cwibthinn
probably their duties, but it will show them the utter.
improbability that Hamburgh
will ever be induced to
whatever whichcould .
accede to any measures l...,trict
the freedom of her commercial intercourse W;i.`t:h the
other nations of the world, whilst the eeftiusiasni
e
which the toast of " Das Vaterland" ll...cited, must
prove to the inhabitants of the south of (,) ermany, that
in no part of the confederation does r •
. more Valerian-
dische feeling exist than at Hamb eirg h. It is to be
hoped that the absurd insinuativas
which have re-
cently issued from the press o; 'South Germany, viz.,
that Hamburgh's predilectio,o.s are more British than
German, will have now _ _
ow re.,e,dived their practical refu-
tation.
Mr. Cobden is expected to remain here until Friday
evening next, and the-n take his departure direct to
London by the Princess Royal steamer.

ENORMOUS RETURN.—There is at present to be
seen in the shop of Mr. James Clement, ironmonger,
Crieff, the prodrAce of a single seed of oats, lately reaped,
which counts the enormous number of 2,062 grains, all
fully ripe. It may be mentioned, that from the one seed
there are 20 full,grown stalks, besides two that had not
L ripened. it Ass grown on the estate of Colonel Grzeme,
of Inchbraie....-.Forth Courim

rs)
- SOUT/AMERICA.
'ERPOOL, OCT. .—We have this day receiv
advices from Pernambuco to the 3d September, R
Aug. 11th, and Bahia August 20th inclusive, by tb
1
Columbus, Captain Greene, which arrived in the
Mersey this morning. She does not bring any
political news. The following is a report of the cm..
mercial intelligence received :
PERNAMBUCO, Sur. 3.
IMPORTS.
Ale and Porter—The stock in the place is not very
large, but the consumption continues very limited, as
is generally the case during the rainy season ; some
late shipments still unsold are retailing at 44 to
$4 500 per barrel. In October onwards there will
be a better demand, and prices will most probably
improve.
Beef, Jerked—Several arrivals have taken place from
Rio Grande do Sul since our last, and there is now a
stock in the market of about 25,000 arrabas, retailing
at $2 400 to 52 300, according to quality ; consump-
tion has been very large lately.
Butter—Our market is well supplied with French,
the stock of which is very large. Last sales were at
380 rs to 420 rs per lb, according to quality. 175
firkins of good Irish readily obtained 820 rs to 840r5
per lb ; and as there is no stock of this description in
the market, next arrivals, if of good quality, will
fetch about the same prices.
Cheese (llutch)--Last arrivals, of good quality,
only fetched about 1 doll, to 100 dolls, each. The
stock of inferior quality, both in first and second
hands, is heavy.
Candles—American Sperm are worth 700 rs. per
lb. Composition have been sold at 600 rs. to 620 rs.
per lb.

Coals—During the last month 700 tons have been
imported, 460 of which on account of the steam-boat
company. Some sales have been effected at 12 dolls.
per ton.
Flour—The receipts of this article since our last
circular only amount to 2,100 barrels of American,
which have been retailed by consignees at 23 dolls.
to 26 dolls, per barrel. At the present moment
there does not exist a barrel in first hands, and the
entire stock held by bakers is not estimated at above
1,200 barrels. A cargo of Trieste SSSF, and one of
Richmond, are daily expected ; they will no doubt
obtain high prices.
Wines—We have not received any supplies of
Spanish or Mediterranean. The arrivals from Portugal
have been regular, and our market is well stocked
with that description, retailing at 110 dolls, to 120
dolls. per pipe, according to quality.
EXPORTS.
Cotton—ln consequence of the encouraging ac-
counts from home for this article, the price has been
sent up to our present quotations. The receipts from
the country, however, during the last few days have
been larger, and as the weather appears now to be
taking up, the arrivals will no doubt continue to in-
crease, and we may shortly have prices lower.
Sugar—Little doing at the present moment. Of
the old crop there still exists in the stores, in first and
second hands, about 2,500 cases and 8,000 bags, two-
thirds of which will be muscovados. The coming
new crop, owing to the severity of the rainy season
this year, will commence to arrive later at market
than usual; the shipments before Christmas will,
without doubt, be less than they were during the
same period last year.
Hides—Dry salted have been in more request at
our quotations for the United States, Havre, and the
Mediterranean.
Exchange—There is little doing in exchange at
this season, and the present rate is only maintainable
in consequence of the firmer rates at the southern
ports.

Freights are declining, late rates for Liverpool id.,
and 5 per cent. per lb. for cotton ; sugar, ballast for
the same port, scarce, at 21., and 5 per cent. for cases.
There are four small sugar vessels just arrived and
disengaged, which might, we think, be engaged at
31. 15s. to 31., and 5 per cent. for cases, to the Chan-
nel, and a market. For Trieste nothing has been
d_.ne of late.
Our sugar crop being at its close, we cannot, there-
fore, for the next two months look for any improve-
ment on our present rates of freights, any further
decline will, of course, depend upon the arrivals that
may take place.

THE LEVANT MAIL.
SOCTIIAAIPTON, FRIDAY EVENING.—The Tiger,
Oriental and Peninsular Steam Company's ship,
Captain Hamilton, arrived this morning, with mails
from Constantinople, Smyrna, Alexandria, Malta, and
Gibraltar.

Her dates of sailing are Constantinople, Sept. 17 ;
Smyrna, Sept. 20; Malta, 26; and Gibraltar, Oct. 2.
She brings on freight 9 groups and 5 boxes of specie,
9 tubs of leeches, 17,629 drums of figs, 1,715 boxes of
ditto, 300 drums of Sultanas, 144 cases of silks, 44
bales of ditto, and 12 ditto of wool.
Ships of war at Smyrna—Her Britannic Majesty's
ships Volage, Harlequin, and Fantome.
At Malta—Hibernia, Trafalgar, Superb, Ceylon,
Gladiator, Hecla, Bulldog, and Locust ; French steam-
ers, Panama and Leonidas.

At Gibraltar—Virago.
At the Pirmus of. Athens—Albion 90, Vanguard
80, and Rodney 16.
At Beyrout—Spartan, 9a.
At Smyrna—Harlequin.
At Constantinople—Meteor.
At Corfu—Spitfire and Mutine, 12.
The Malta Mail of September 17, says —" The
three line-of-battle ships continue in our harbour.
Nothing respecting their ultimate destination appears
to be positively known. Some reports are in circu-
lation that at the end of the month they will be or-
dered to Corfu, and after a short cruise will return
to the harbour, accompanied by the three vessels now
at the Piraeus.

" We have been given to understand that in point
of sailing the Superb has borne away the palm. She
can with ease afford the two heavier vessels topgallant
sails and royals, and walk away from them like a
thing of life.' Between the Hibernia and Trafalgar,
the latter is the better sailer.
" Since the Hibernia has been on this station she
appears to have lost a great deal in her sailing•
powers.

"Lieutenant C. G. Crawley, first of her Majesty's
steam frigate Gladiator, has applied to be superseded
from that ship."

ESTABLISHMENT OF A ROMAN HIERARCHY IN
Rrseeoteum ENGLAND.rfenorbtrr:imn—tghoildinst is said thategnciionnugstnrttuhrc:t,eiocanef Dr. Wiseman is now on his
ecclesiastical
asrinadas
taiclueatnlhgaotrrhricatynnegfrdeomraseonjo
the
sue
of
fi
Holy
communion in England. Rome has hitherto possessed in
England nothing more than a missionary establishment,
placed under the superintendence of " Vicars Apostolics,"
who are nominally the bishop of sees now in partibus
infidelium ; and do not assume the titles of the dioceses
in which they exercise their authority. The present
order of things is now to cease; Catholicism having, in
the opinion of its rulers, attained a sufficient extension
in England to warrant the re-establishment of the
hierarchy, with all it'. ramifications of ecclesiastical
government—dean; chapters, archdeacons, ecclesiasti-
cal courts, &c., a's 'A existed prior to the Reformation,
and at present P;xists in Roman Catholic Ireland. There
will be, it is said, two archbishops for the two pro-
vinces of 0-anterbury and York, with eight bishops sub-
ordinates These new Roman bishops will not, however,
assume, the titles of the sees at present ocoupied by the
bisll'Jps of the Established Church, but will take their
o.ec,ignations from other places not heretofore episco-
r,ally dignified—as Birmingham, Nottingham, Derby
Liverpool, and other populous centres of Roman Catho-
lic influence. Dr. Wiseman himself, it is said, will suc-
ceed under a new title—that of Bishop of Westminster
—to the administration of the affairs of the London
tsohhf
the officers
tohffie missedc e
rs
dis-
trict, in the room of Dr. Griffiths, Bishop of Glens,
lately deceased.
named Josephine Andrieux,
eifeinofthaebuteheri
possession
AN ARTFUL THlEF.—Foremployed
young nugaspgE!eertrilt,.
vent at a magazin de noureautes,
fiber
of honesty till a few
Pont, without any suspicion
silk, requesting
dthaeysßaguoe, The butcher's wife was ber to take care of them
deunteerhefinionldvert,
and
sur-
prised at seeing
articles
stained no
S when
masrhtien,casrerov.ifeerdsautl to
hpotilievceaells:
suspicion of her until
, and was convinced that
they had been taken by Josephine, whom she at once
denounced to the commissary of
'tßlbuuuretnittire, police. Inquiry
being made it was discovered that the girl had an apart-
ffoouurn: itehceessoervgant
young lady, dressed i girl conveorntedgoinintog athfienree
)74 Silk and laces, and surrounded
,ravieteht
eilneggt
ahirnel
On seeing the officers enter her
room she was z
Pttli,t-struck, and immediately acknow-
ledged that she tiad committed repeated robberies, and
delivered
ill, a large quantity of goods she had stolen
rorn her nYaster, adding that more would be found with
tc,late, QQ.deierge of a house in the Rue du Pont-aux-
\j".(lX. Josephine was consequently taken, and con
in the guard-house at the Hotel-de-Ville. Here,
during the night, she attempted to strangle herself with
a riband, but it broke, and her intention was defeated.
The next day, while being taken before the commissary
of police, she made so violent an effort to throw her-
selt out of a window that the officers in charge of her
had great difficulty in preventing her. She was com-
mitted to the prison of St. Lazare ; but so determined
is her resolution to put an end to her life that for three
days she has refused to take a particle of food, in tae
hope of dying from hunger.—Galignanis Messenger,
BIRTIF•CHAMBER OF SHAKSPERE.-1. have never
seen a drawing of this room which conveys an accurate
to
notion of its real aspect. Artists invariably make :at o
m
large, and, if I may so, too fine. They fail in the ato t
lourePd
to realise its rusticity. The little pinched up, dsc and
lattice is generally brevetted into a comely. window,i
the sturdy beam that runs across the ceiling acquires,
somehow, under their hands, a sort.
formally dis-
posed o f ornamental
character. Then the high-backed chairs .
about the room, and the framed pictures, and
the flower-stands, make up altogether such an 9.rtificia
whole, that, were it not for the chimney and the door
and the unavoidable relation of one special
feet ture with
another, it would be rather difficult to deteQt in the print
this humble, but, in its day, not uncomfortikbbe chamber
—Atlas.