The Sun.
London, England, 1847-05-04 00:00:00

PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS.

From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Common.
MONDAY, MAY 3.
FACTORIES BILL.

Order for third reading read -11otic;made and Question
proposed, " That the Bill be now read the third time :"
Amendment proposed, to leave out the word " now," and
at the end of the Question to add the words " upon this day
six months :"—Question put, " That the word ' now' stand
part of the Question." The House divided :
MAJORITY—AXES, 151.
Ackers, James Gaskell, J. X Newport,;Visct.
Acland, Sir T.
Acland, T. D.
Adderley, C. B. Gooladdssotno,nite,.Captain O'Brien,oßrien C.
Stafford
Gore, W. 0. Facto, C. W.
Ainsworth, Peter Gore, W. It, O. Paget, Colonel
Antrobus, Edmund Granger, T. C. Palmer, Robert
Armstrong, Sir A. Grey, Sir G. Palmer, G.
Arundel, Eurl of Grimsditch T. Perfect, Robert
Ashley, Henry Grogan, E. Plurnptre, J. r.
Austen, Colonel Raiford, Sir Henry Plumridge, Captain
Baillio, W.
Bonitos, George Halsey, T. P. Pringe, Richard
Bateson, Thomas
Bennet, I'. Hardy, John Itashleigh, W.
Bernal, Ralph Harris, Ilon. Capt. Rice, E. IL
Blackburne, J. I. Hatton, Captain V. Rich, Henry
Boldero, 11. G. Ileathcote, G. J. Richards, Richard
Brisco, M. I tal
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Broadley, Henry,
Broadwood, H.
Buck, L. IV.
Russell, J. D.
Bulkeley, Sir R. B. Ilodgson, F. Rutherford, A.
Buller, Edward Howard, c w.G. Seynacr, H. K.
Byng, G. S.
Cabbell, B. B.
Christopher, It. A. HKeumrnbpihee, riya,eenA:rl:ydr.ai SSBsssihhiit:brilwrtchli:udi:,itanrlallni,.l4dß,.. B.
Clayton, It. It. Ingestre, Visct. Shirley, E. J.
Clive, Vise.
Collett, John
Colvile, C. It.
Courtenay, Lord Kerrison, Sir E.
Cowper, IV. F. Lambton, 11.
Crawford, W. S. Law, C. H.
Curteis, 11. B. Lawless, Cecil
Davies, D. A. Lawson, Andrew
Lennox, Lord
ic. W.
heCV S S,lloJioi rt
Irn.. RichardeCl.l'
l W.
Denison, W. J.
Denison, E. B. Lopes, Sir R. Troubridgc, Sir E.
D'Eyncourt, C. T. Lowther, Hon. Col. Tufnell, Henry
Disraeli, B. Mackinnon, W. Turner, Edmund
Dodd, George Macnamara, Major Tumor, C.
Douglas, Sir 11. M'Carthy, Al". Vane, Lord H.
buncombe, Thomas Manners, Lord J. Vyse, H.
D‘mcombe, 0. March, Earl of Vyvyan, Sir R. R.
Dundas, Admiral Masterman, John Wakley, T.
Du Pre, C. G. Monahan, J. 11. Walker, Richard
Entwlsle, W. Morgan, O. Williams, W.
Evans, Sir De Lacy Morris, David Yorke, K. U.
Ewart, William MostynjE.
Ferrand, W. D. Mundy, E. M.
Moyer, John Monte, Cl. E.
French, F. Napier. Slr C.
Fuller, A. E. Neeld, Joseph

Joseph

Joseph
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John James
MINORITY—irNivO. ES,
Aldam, William
Raise, Walter Fitzroy, Henry
Price,s:lroti
Wrightson,ot ate,
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Barclay', David
Baring, lienry Forster,Gi
s b urn 21,
Thomas
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Gill, Thomas Patten, J. W.
Baring, F. T.
Baring, W. B. Goulburn, Henry Peel, Sir Robert
Barrington, Viscount Graham, Sir James Pendarves, Edward
Barron, Sir 11. W• Greene, Thomas Philips, Mark
Hamilton, Lord C.
Bell, Matthew Pr Sir R.
Botlield, Beriah lianmer, Sir J.
Hawes, Benjamin
liouveric, E. I'. Seymour, Lord
Bowles, Admiral Ileneage, O. 11. W. Somerset, Lord G.
Heron, Sir S. Stanstleld, W. R.
Brown, W.
Houldsworth, T. Stanton, W. 11.
Bruce, C. L. C.
Busfeild, W.
lawi.reid.
E.
Tancred, H. W.
Callaghan, D. Thesiger, Sir F.
Jones, Captain
Thornely, T.
Langston, J. II Villiers, Charles
h G• C• Wall, C. 13.
Colebrooke, Sir T. Leg h, •
Lincoln, Earl or Ward, 11, G,
Cavendish,C
Clay,lerstiiirrl6lv G.. . 11.
Dalrymple, Captain
Loch, James Winaington, Sir T.
Dawson, T. V. Wood, t•ir Charles
Denison, J. E. lllluultitTWilliam
Dickinson, F. 11.
Duncan, Lord
l'iiildmay, 11. St. John TZLLE2.B.
Duncan, George
➢teffatt, George Leader, J. T.
ID) ouug gilaaise,,
NSvir.
S.
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Egerton, W. T.
Morpetli, Viscount Trelawny, J• S.
Escott, Bickham
O'Ferrall, F.. M.
Evans, William l3.,33,l3:l,aa:Trrrkittlhiligiaiitaign,rijihilenry
ycaug,
John

PARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS,
(From the Votes and Proceedings of the Douse of cammons.)
FRIDAY, APRIL 30.
NOTICES GIVEN AT THE PRIVATE BILL-OFFICE.
The Committee of SeßleActiioLnWhAavle'Snominated the following
Select Committees on Railway Groups:—
A Committee consisting of—Mr. Blackstone (Chairman),
Lord Rendleeham Mr. Neville, Mr. Pinney, and Mr. Stuart,
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction (Deviation
of Main Line and Cheshire Branch),
tow
2h4o,mvitzl.ie:Lhave referred the Bills comprised in Group
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction Railway, and
e rio,
rna.
luvd. Tuesday,i‘ißre.Beckett
el‘tlta(YChairman),
Chester and Birkenhead Purchase or Amalgamation,
6.1c1.), at 12.
Shrewsbury and atnodcChehsetsetrerand (Branchestioatdo haaniigwoalyle)ri:
alfour, to whom
Parkgate and Chester and Birkenhead Junction,
Chester and Holyhead (Extensions to Chester and Holyhead)
they have referred the Bills comprised in Group No. 26, viz.:
North Staffordshire (Alterations and Branches),
MrArillaHeCioSi
traet:meAcititriCeoeßilicuonicikiis,titlssetieirn.tgor meetof—Air.
North Staffordshire (Churnet Valley Line and Trent Valley
Railway Junction),

South Statiordshi re (Cannock, Wyrlen and Norton
Branches, &c.)
London and North-Western (Birmingham and Lichfield. &c.)
Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Worcestershire Janction
way and Branches.
The Select Committee to meet on Tuesday, May 11, at
half-past twelve.

A Committee consisting of—Hon. H. Fitzroy (Chairman),
Mr. H. J. Baillie, Major Layard, Mr. Alexander, and lion. C.
Lawless, to whom they have referred the Bills comprised in
Group No. 35, viz.

Blackburn, Darwen, and Bolton Railway Acts Amendment
(Deviations),
Preston and Wyre,
Liverpool, Manchester, anti Newcastle-on• Tyne Junction
Railway Acts Amendment,
Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding (Burnley and Col-
liery Branches),
Manchester and Leeds (Branches, Extensions, Deviations,
Alterations of I.evels, and other Works), -
East Lancashire (Burnley Connecting Line),
East Lancashire (Deviations and Rawtenstall Coal Branch),
East Lancashire (Bury to Manchester),
East Lancashire (Clitheroe, Mitton, and Padiham).
The Select Committee to meet on Tuesday, May 11, at one.
A Committee consisting of—Mr. B. Denison (Chairman),
Sir W. Verner, Mr. Hughes, Earl Grosvenor, and Sir 'l'.
Esmonde, to whom they have referred the Bills ccomprised
in Group No. 44, viz.:—
Scottish Midland Junction (Amendment and Branch to

Laureneekirk ),1
Aberdeen ( Brechin Branch Deviation),
Aberdeen and Great North of Scotland Amalgamation,
Arbroath and Forfar and Scottish Midland Junction Con-
necting Railway, •
Dundee and Perth (Alteration and Extension, and Incliture,
Pulgavie, and Inchmichael Branches),
Dundee and Newtyle,
Aberdeen Harbour (Improvement and Sale to Railway),
Strathtay and Breadalbane Extension.
The Select Committee to meet on Thursday, May 13, at 12.
A Committee consisting of—Right Hon. Sir R. Peel
(Chairman), Sir R. Vyvyan, Mr. Dickinson, Lord H. Ben-
tinck, and Sir C. Napier, to whom they have referred the
Bills comprised in Group No. 52, viz.:—
Great North of India, to connect the cities of Delhi, Agra,
and Allahabad, with Extensions, &c.
Great Indian Peninsula, Bombay to Alleh, with Extensions, &c.
Great Western of Bengal, from Calcutta to Rajamahal, with
Extension, &c. (Incorporation).
The select Committee to meet on Thursday, May 13, at
half-past 12.

Select Committee on Group No. 49.
Mr. Christie discharged ; Yiseount
.Newport selected, and
added to the Committee.
Select Committee on Group No. 7.
Mr. liorsman discharged; Mr. Stanstield selected, and
added to the Committee.

The Select Committees on the Groups Nos. 4, 29, 36, 87,
45, and 46, will be selected from Panel No. 6, which will be
required to be in attendance during the week commencing
Monday, May 17.

PANEL No. VI.
Mr. Adderley Hon. 0. Duncombe
Mr. Ainsworth Hon. G. Fitzwilliam
Mr. Allis Mr. Hale
Mr. Antrohus Mr. J. fleathcoat
Mr. Arkwright Mr. E. Heneage
Mr. J. Bailey, jun. Mr. F. Hodgson
Mr. Baine Sir Denis Le Marchant
Mr. H. B. Baring Mr. Mundy
Mr. I3askerville Right lion. J. Nicholl
Major Beresford Mr. S. O'Brien
Mr. Blewitt Colonel Peel
Mr. Bowes Mr. Roebuck
Mr. Boyd Mr. R. Scott
Mr. Brocklehurst Mr. J. A. Smith
Lord E. Bruce Viscount Somerton
Mr. Buckley Mr. Sotheron
Viscount Castlereagh Sir S. T. Spry
Sir W. Clay Mr. E. Stanley
Lord A. Conyngham Sir G. Strickland
Marquis of Douro Lord J. Stuart
Mr. Duff Mr. Thornhill.
Hon. A. Duncombe

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS.

APRIL 27.—Sir John Rennie, President in the chair.
The paper of the evening was " On the laws of iso-
chronism of the balance-spring as connected with the
higher order of adjustments of watches and thermome-
ters;" by Mr. C. Frodsham, Assoc. Inst. C. E. The
first portion gave an historical sketch of the horological
inventions and writings of the artists of the eighteenth
century, which appears to constitute the basis of all the
knowledge possessed in the present day, and the princi-
ples of whose school were still invariably followed in the
construction of both watches and chronometers of the
better sort. It was admitted, that by the aid of machinery
and the practical skill of the workmen the separate pieces
of clocks and watches were now produced in a high state
of perfection; but it was contended that horology, as
a science, had declined since the days of Hooke,
Bernouilli, Sully, Graham, Harrison. Camus, Mudge,
Ellicot, the two Arnolds, Earnshaw, Le Roy, Berthoud,
and others, whose splendid talents and scientific attain-
ments were all devoted to the elevation of the art of
constructing time keepers. Among these, Dr. Hooke
appears to have been the first to bring the force of acute
reasoning and pure mechanical genius to bear upon the
practice of the art, and his experiments upon the pen-
dulum, and the application of the balance-spring, which
latter unquestionably laid the foundation of the chro-
nometric art. It is evident that he partially raised
the veil which concealed the laws of the isochronism
of the spiral spring, as is demonstrated by his
expression "ut tensio, sic vis," and it is extra-
ordinary that so plain a hint was not immediately
seized upon by the able men who succeeded him.
Arnold appears to have been the first who really prac-
tically comprehended the subject, and in the course
of his researches he invented the cylindrical spring
and compensation balance, which formed the com-
mencement of a new era in the science. The me-
rit of the discovery of the isochronism in France
was contested by Le Roy and Berthoud. Bernouilli
noticed in a paper read to the Acad6mie in 1747, the
fact of the loss of elastic force in balance springs from
exposure to heat; and the experiments of Berthoud
demonstrated that, in passing from 22 degrees to 92 de-
grees of Fahrenheit, the loss per diem was 6 mins. 40
secs. The paper then considered generally and techni-
cally the subject of the isochronism of the_balance-
spring, enunciating isochronism to be an inherent
property of the balance-spring, depending entirely
upon the ratio of the spring's tension, following the
proportion of the arcs of inflection; a balance-spring,
therefore, having the progression required by the
law of isochronism, will preserve that property,
whether it be applied to a balance making quick or
slow vibrations. The elastic force of balance-springs was
considered as constant, became the action is by a
number of consecutive impulses following each other in
such rapid succession as to constitute an uninterrupted
and continuous force. This is shown in considering the
accelerated and retarded motion of the balance, when,
by following it through an entire arc of vibration, it
will be seen that if the balance be moved over a given
number of degrees, the spring will be wound into a
certain tension, and has acquired a certain elastic force
due to the angle over which it is inflected. This
elastic force being then transferred to the balance,
it will be exerted in overcoming its inertia, and at
the expiration of the first period will have communi-
cated a slight motion to it. During the next pe-
riod, its state will be that of comparative and not ab-
solute inertia (for it decreases as the motion increases),
whence it follows, that as the spring's force is exerted
against a body in motion instead of at rest, it will ne-
cessarily accelerate progressively the motion the balance
had previously acquired, until the spring arrives at the
point of quiescence, where, having lost all its elasticity,
it ceases further to urge the balance, and a new relation
of power and resistance takes place. The spring's force
being transferred to the balance, it assumes a new cha-
racter, has acquired sufficient momentum to carry it
through the second half of the vibration, and to in-
flect the spring over an angle equal to that first
passed over, and to give it the requisite tension
to commence '.7a new vibration ; particularly as during

the second half of the vibration the spring has
so little tension that its force retards but slightly the
motion of the balance. After much acute reasoning upon
this position, illustrated by numerical examples, the
author proceeded to describe the helical and the flat
coiled springs, which are used in chronometers and
watches, and the manner of regulating their action so as
to take advantage of the isochronism, instancing the ad-
vantages
to be derived from the innate power pos-
sessed by an isochronal spring of resisting the influences
which cause a change of rate, such as change of position,
increased friction from dirt, or the viscidity of
the oil at low temperature. This was well illus-
trated by an example of three balls falling in equal times
through spaces regulated by the densities of the
medium--viz., in vacuo, in air, and in water, wherein
they traverse spaces equal to the squares of the times.
So it was argued it was with increased friction in watch
work ; for the elastic forces of the balance spring being
constantly proportional to the angle of inflection, what-
ever was the amount of friction, the law of isochronism
remained unchanged, and friction was only an adventi•
tious circumstance, which affects the extent of the arc
of vibration, but not the time of its description. The
discussion upon this interesting paper was deferred until
the next meeting, on Tuesday, May 4, when the paper
read will be " An Account of the Progressive Improve-
ments in Sunderland Harbour, and the River Wear ;"
after which the monthly ballot for members will take
place.

THE VIRTUES OF WEALTH.—THE WAY OF TIM
WORLD.—The world is full of conventional hvpocrisy. It
would seem to be the aim of a large portion Of the human
family to practice falsehood upon themselves—to see
how far by lying conventionalities they can impose
upon their own judgments, and perpetuate delusion. A
man, whose life has been stamped all over with unmiti-
gated selfishness, after having enjoyed the considera-
tion which wealth or connexion commands, dies. Ah,
there is mourning, as if a star had fallen from heaven!
Poverty has lost a friend—virtue a defender, society a
model! And all this falsification is tolerated because
conventional. In such a body as the Congress of the
United States, there are representatives of all classes and
habits. Without offence, we may say that the mere fact of
being a member is not prima fucie evidence of capacity, ho-
nesty, or purity. Vice, under its grossest forms, may find
votaries in an American Congress. But, it is somewhat re-
markable that a dishonest or debauched member never dies !
Death loves a shining mark," and every member stricken
by his dart is sainted for his virtues. Whatever the rotten-
ness within, the sepulchre without is polished. " The me-
mory of the wicked shall rot," said Solomon, the memory
of the wicked is blessed by conventional hypocrisy.
National Era ( Washington.)
GLASGOW COTTON MARKET.—Am 30.—1 n con-
sequence of the dullness and downward tendency of the yarn
market and the tightness 'of money, our cotton market has
been very quiet—almost nothing selling except small par-
cels for immediate transmission to the mills. Prices are very
irregular.—Scotch I?cformers' Gazette.
COAST OF FRANCE.—The Commissioners of Cus-
toms have issued directions to the collectors and comptrol-
lers of the several ports throughout the kingdom to cause
copies of a notice which has been furnished to them, re-
specting alterations in the lights on Cape Frehel and on La
Four Rock, on the coast of France, to be exhibited in a
conspicuous place in the Custom-houses of their respective
ports, for the information of masters of vessels and all par-
ties concerned.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
DIEPPE AND FECAMP.

The general meeting of tl.e shareholders of this company
took place on Friday, April 30, in the large room belonging
to the offices of the Havre Company, Rue Basse du Rampar ;
Count d'Alton Sh6e. the president, in the chair. Near him
we perceived Baron de Saint Albin, Mr. E. Blount, M. Sel-
liere, M. Caumont de Juinieges, M. Osmont, M. Clapperon,
M. d'Ailly, and M. Crdlu.
The company having been declared duly constituted,
M. Davin, (the Secretary), read the report.
This document commences by declaring that, after the last
general meeting, contracts had been entered into with MM.
Mackenzie and Brassey on advantageous terms. The ap-
probation of the Government authorities for the direction to
be taken between Malaunay and Dieppe bad allowed the
company to enter into a contract for the Dieppe line for a
sum of 7,750,2041. 79c. The line was divided into three
sections :-1. From Dieppe to the departmental road—from St.
Aubin to Hautol ; 2 From the point of junction with the
line of Havre to Etaimpuis ; and, 3. From that place to the
departmental road, No. 25. The first section contained a
tunnel, 1,600 metres in length, passing under the hill of
Appeville, the most important work on the line. The gallery
had been already carried through the whole length; a short
distance was faced with masonwork ; and the work would be
(ntirely finished in six months, if necessary. The bridges
and earthworks were also far advanced. On the 2d section
the earthworks were completed, and it was intended to keep
men at work on it day and night during the fine season.
There were twenty-two bridges on this part, of which four
are finished. On the 3d part the works were less advanced
than on the others. About 1,600 tons of chairs and rails had
been delivered, as well as 32,090 sleepers ; 2,800 workmen,
500 waggons, and 450 horses, were at present employed on
the line. The great rapidity with which the works had been
urged on was chiefly owing to the favourable manner in
which the land had been obtained, almost all of it having
been arranged for on amicable terms. The company had
been fortunate enough to obtain the decision of the jury,
from four to six months after the lands to be expropriated
had been subjected to their consideration. The whole
cost of the land had been originally estimated at
1,900,000 E, but the expense had been only 1,514,326 E,
comprising interest paid and all indemnities for the present
crops, giving a saving of 400,0001., which, considering that
the line passed through orchards and meadow lands, was
doing much. All the contracts for supplies had been ful-
filled hitherto with great regularity. The company was freed
from the care of providing the moveable stock, as the traction
was to be undertaken by the Havre Company, but all the
cost of the stationary stock was now fully known. It was,
therefore, possible at present to declare that the original es-
timates would not be exceeded ; and that, should circum-
stances permit it, that is, should the calls be exactly paid,
the line could be opened to the public by March 1, 1848.
The report then adverts to the general discredit into which
railway property has of late fallen, and enters at length into
the subject of the various calls made by the company. After
the last general meeting the second call, it states, had been
announced, but more than 2,000 shares remained unpaid.
The shares had fallen in the market to 50f. below par, and
if that great number were suddenly sold, there could be no
doubt that very considerable further depreciation in their
value would ensue—at least 50f. more. In this conjuncture
the directors did all that lay in their power for the company
—they took 1,000 shares for themselves at 4501. ; and in-
duced the contractors, who felt the greatest confidence in the
success of the undertaking, to allow their reserve to be ex-
pended in 1,045 others. On the third call there was another
deficit of 2,000 shares not paid up, and here the same mode
of acting as had been previously employed was impossible.
The directors had done everything which depended on them
to bring the undertaking to a fortunate conclusion. If the
matter hung fire for the moment, it must be attributed to
the general gloom which affected all railway property. At
present, in consequence of the demands on the company,
from the rapidity with which the works were urged
another call (the fifth) would be made on May 10. Under
present circumstances the board had determined to postpone
the execution of the Fecamp line until after that of Dieppe
was entirely finished. First, because the latter line would
require three-fourths of the capital, and was consequently so
much the more important; and next, because that line,when
once concluded, would enable the company to raise funds to
finish the rest. Looking at the state of the works now more
than half finished, and taking into consideration that nothing
had been begun on March 15, 1846, the line could be opened
on March 1, 1848, it must be admitted that the general pro-
gress of the enterprise had been most satisfactory. The re-
port, after declaring that everything led to the conclusion
that the returns would be fully equal if not superior to what
had been estimated, concluded, by laying before the meeting
the accounts to April 1, 1847.
After the report had been read a desultory conversation
ensued on the position of the company, one or two share-
holders blaming the directors for making the calls so rapidly,
which circumstance they alleged, more than any other, had
contributed to lower the shares in the market.
The CHAIRMAN replied that the calls were never made
until absolutely demanded by the rapid execution of the
works ; and that what was alleged against the board as a
subject of blame was the very best proof possible of their
great activity in getting the line finished.
Another SHARIHOLDER. proposed to postpone the approba-
tion of the accounts for two months, but this was rejected by
an immense majority.
In answer to some remarks relative to the negotiations with
the Government,
The PnEsmearr entered into an explanation on the sub-
ject, and stated that the Minister of Public Works had ex-
pressed his determination to do something for the Dieppe line,
though without having specified of what nature the intended
aid should be.

The same shareholders who had before addressed the meet-
ing, having again manifested a desire to undervalue the un-
dertaking,

Mr. E. Br.ornrr rose, and in a short energetic address
after adducing arguments to prove that the line would be
eventually an excellent one, called on tho shareholders not
to permit themselves to be influenced by ill-omened pre-
dictions, which all that hitherto had taken place in the
enterprise ought to lead them to suppose would be ill-
founded.