The Sun.
London, England, 1841-08-13 00:00:00

THE DWELLINGS .OF THE POOR

IN LONDON.
If it were required to -draW a. strong pictifie of man
Morally and socially degraded by misery, the savage
tribes of distant zones would in all probability IT se-
lected to sit for it. Yet such darkly-shaded originals,
such painful realities, need not be sought in remote
Lands. Let the street beggar or the London thief be fol-
lowed to his home (if he have one), and mankind will be
seen existing in degradation, as great, enduring misery as
sharp, as the South Sea Islanders or the South Africans
in their worst aspect. Amongst them poverty, vice, ig-
norance, have no contrast to heighten their effects; but
here—in England, in London, perhaps at our own back-
doors—wretchedness the most acute, infamy the most
shocking, exist upon the same square acre with a high
condition of luxury and wealth ; and despite this near
neighbourhood, it may be safely conjectured that the
British public know more of the social miseries of the sa-
vage nations than they do of their own poor.
it is a fact that in St. GileA's, in the back streets of
Drury-lane, mound Westminster Abbey, in the parishes
of Bethnal-green,Shoreditch, nearly all along the Surrey
Shores of the river, and in the similar neighbourhoods
of great towns, a state of social civilization exists, as
low in degree as it is found in the far-off regions of
Africa ! This is no rhetorical flourish—we have seen
it. • Beggars, street jobbers, and the poorer classes
otherwise employed, either hire a room by the week, or
seek shelter in a nightly lodging-house. We visited last
week, Charles, King, and Parker streets, Drury-lane ;
many of the houses are without fore doors ; some of the
rooms are in the last stage of dilapidation, and exhibit
fewer conveniences than the basket-work cone of a
Bechuana, or the wig-wain of a Red Indian. The stairs
are in a few cases broken away ; the out-offices—
where there are any—are rendered useless from ac-
cumulated filth, and the sewerage is frequently stopped
up. Some of the rooms hai% no grates, and large holes
let in cold from without. The best of the habi-
tations manifest in some part or other traces of ruin—all
afford but imperfect shelter, and no convenience, there
not being any fixtures, such as stoves and cupboards, but
those belonging to the tenants ; the accumulation of
dirt, refuse, &c., exhales effluvia scarcely tolerable (in
entering the passages ; it is quite unendurable to a
visitor, especially after a shower of rain, and can only be
borne by the inhabitant from long habitude. "2hcse
wretched abodes are either let in separate lodgi ags by
their immediate landlords, or are rented by persons who
sublet them; a speculation which seldom fails -to be a
most profitable one ; for what does the reader suppose
each of these dens produces per annum ? It may :startle
him to hear, from thirty-five to fifty pounds ! Thus :
for the two cellars, 3s. per week are charged ; the par-
r lours fetch 4s. per week ; the. first floor, 4s. 6d.; the
second, 45.; the attics, 3s. The Secretary of the London
City Mission has calculated the rental of Charles-street,
Drury-lane, and finds it to exceed 2,000/. per annum.
To show still further how profitable the subletting sys-
tem is, and at the same time the horrible encouragement
and temptation to crime it creates, it is only necessary to
state the manner in which it is carried on. We will take
the example of a blind man who has now become the
sole proprietor of some houses near Drury-lane. Some
of the houses he originally rented of a superior landlord,
and to make a profit he proceeded thus :—A single man
or woman would apply for lodgings; he would ask what
they could pay; if the answer were " Two shillings- a
week," he would say, " You can have a lodging for one
and sixpence a week, furniture and all, if you 0.6 not
mind a couple of companions—the bed is very large."
The bargain is struck; and thus the old man would get
three lodgers at eighteen pence a week each for a room
that probably stood him in less than a shilling. By this
means he gradually accumulated money enough to pur-
chase the five houses he now owns,: and will doubtless
die rich ; but, by what means ? Let us see: the ap-
plicant for lodgings is possibly a young man who has
some situation of from teu to fifteen shillings per week,
without friends to provide any other home than such as
his narrow income drives him to seek in a poor neigh
bourhood. He is honest and well disposed; it is more

.....
than likely, however, that one, perhaps both his bed-
fellows, seem to him gay, pleasant persons, who live he
does not know how, but, at all events, are seldom in
want of cash. They take him to a " free-and-easy" now
and then, introduce him to a female companion or two,
whom he takes to the tea gardens on a Sunday. Being
up late at night, he rises late of a morning and neglects
his employer, who, of course, discharges him. His rent
soon gets into arrear, and the landlord is troublesome ;
but his companions pat him on the back when he des-
ponds, and ask him if he have "pluck" enough to do as
they do. What is that ? The question is not long in
being answered.
Look for the hitherto well-disposed young man, who
was till lately earning an honest living, and you will find
him busy in some crowd seeking pocket handkerchiefs
and other stray articles. He makes more money at this
kind of industry (for a thief's is by no means an idle
life) than he did in his formei pursuits, till he gets known
to the police, which generally proves the " beginning
of the end ;" for after this stage of his career the step is
hut short to the hulks. This picture does not apply to
the male sex only. A young girl, perhaps a milliner's
journeywoman, a tambour worker, or a bookbinder's
stitcher, seeks lodgings' in the same way. The landlord
advises economy, and says how much better it would be
for her to save sixpence a week by joining " the respect-
able young girl that lives in the two pair back ;" who
is in fact a prostitute, and so will her new companion
be in a very short time.
These are no fancy sketches ; we can put our finger
on the originals any morning in the week, from six
o'clock till twelve. We have insensibly passed from
the houses to their inmates : let us proceed. It will
mostly be found that the basement of these houses, the
kitchen or cellars, are preferred by thieves, for the con-
venient nooks-armi crannies they afford for hidinr, stolen
property. The parlours are often occupied by :labour-
ing man, wife, and family. A journeyman, who works at
' home with his wife and family, will perhaps live on the
first floor. The front room on the second floor houses
a couple of street walkers ; the back room a beggar ;
and so on. Here is a mixture of vices in full operation,
and of virtue surrounded by temptation ! The man on
the ground or first floor may be labouring hard to bring
up his family with credit, but is obliged to live where
he does, because, from poverty, he cannot procure lodg-
ings in a decent neighbourhood. One of his daughters
gets gradually intimate with one of the girls above,
without perhaps knowing the course of life she pursues,
and, through evil counsel, soon becomes vitiated. Per-
haps it is one of the sons who makes the fatal acquaint-
ance, and the consequences are, if anything, worse ; for
the prostitute most likely introduces him to the young
thief in the collar, who is sure to be a friend of hers.—
London and Southern Advertiser.

EXPEDITION up the EUPHRATES.
(From the Liverpool Times.)
Some few of our readers may be aware that a vessel
belonging to a leading firm in this town was sent to sea
under sealed instructions, about eighteen months ago,
having on board two iron steam-boats, and other cargo
of a similar unusual description. The destination of the
vessel, it now appears, was the Persian Gulf, the steamers
having been constructed by order of the East India
Company, to act as a flotilla for ascertaining the navi-
gability of the river Euphrates. The expedition has
been highly suceessful, having traversed,the course of the
stream' 1,100 miles from its mouth, an achievement
never before accomplished, and fully establishing the
superiority of modern skill and science over the ruder
resources of the ancients. We have been favoured with
the following extracts from a private letter written by
Mr. Floyd, the surgeon of the flotilla, to a professional
friend, Mr. Samuel Potter, of this town, and brought
by the last overland conveyance. They will, we think,
be found well worthy of perusal by those who take an
interest in scientific operations, and in the remarkable
countries to which they relate. The letter is dated
Belis, June 6 :
" I have travelled over the greater part of Mesopota-
mia, got licked and phindered. I have traced the expe-
dition of the 10,000 Greeks under Cyrus the Younger,
and identified many of the cities in their route. I am
now near Aleppo with the flotilla, having completed the
ascent of the river Euphrates, without doubt one of the
noblest rivers of Asia; here, at a distance of 1,100 miles
from its embouchure in the Persian Gulf, it is 400 yards
broad and very deep. What a boast for England, upon
whose flag the sun never sets, that the British ensign
now floats in the breeze in the very centre of the land
of the crusades and of the Courtenays, one of whose
castles, ‘Jiaber,' said to be founded by Alexander the
Great, towers majestically over our heads.
" The 31st of May, 1841, was the happy day which
crowned our efforts with success, and the distant Taurus
Eon re-echoed the Royal salute which we fired in ho-
nour of the occasion. •
" In a former letter I think I gave you a slight de-
scription of the Tigris river and surrounding country.
The Euphrates differs little from the Tigris up to Huila,
a Turkish-Arab town, built near the site of ancient:Baby-
lon, except that its banks are much better cultivated; and
in some places the date tree (the palmus dcfctiliferus)
adds to the picturesque meanderings of the river ; while
in others a mosque, with its lacquered dome, rising from
a grove of willows, is a leasing variety from the mono-
tony of the surrounding district. Winding its way
through the ruins of fallen Babylon, the river passes
Perisalom, then the
,field of Cunaxa, where Cyrus fell,
and the 10,000 commenced their ever-memorable retreat.
Then come Umbar, once the seat of a Christian bishop;
hen Charmand, some ruins opposite the Pylor of Zeno-
.phon ; and then Hit, the Is of Scripture, and.
famed for its fountains of bitumen and naphtha, which
is in such abundance that it spreads itself over the
earth. The river now is inclosed within a valley of
high rocks, which extends from its source to below
Hit. They are composed of gypsum, sandstones, and con-
glomerates with mica and felspar. The ancient Anatho,
where Julian lost part of his fleet, is the next place of
importance then comes Ezri, the river Chabour of
Ezekiel, Al Deir, the Thapsac of Scripture, and the an-
cient part of Palmyra ; and lastly, the ruined castles of
RaCcaba, •Tenobia. Bacoa, and Jiaber, all situated
upon isolated rooks, - commanding the passes of
..the river. These fortresses, from their differing entirely
from a l others of a like nature in this country, and from
the Roman arch prevailing, appear to me to have been
the frontier posts of that empire against the Parthians.
The natives have a tradition that they were built by the
English during the crusades, and it is not improbable
hut that they were occupied by the enthusiastic followers
of Courtenay while he reigned at Orfas.
Besides the towns which I have enumerated, there
are several islands, many of which are well wooded :
amongst them I may mention Juba, Haditha, and
Aloose, strongly. fortified, having each 500 inhabitants,
and beautifully situated in the valley of the Euphrates,
between Hit and Anna.
This climate is delightful, and produces all the va-
rieties of European fruit, besides many of the tropical
ones lower down the river. Here is the only obstacle to
the navigation of this river. It consists in the remains
of the water-wheels used for irrigation. In the short
space of 130 miles we found nearly 300 of these wheels,
about one-third of which
are in operation at the present

day. They consist, of large parapet walls built into the
stream, directing ".he current of the river to the wheels,
which are the m ost _ clumsy pieces of mechanism, made
of branches of t reel, and having slung round them 150
clay vessels to r use the water in. The wheels are forty
feet in diameter,, placed at the end of an aqueduct raised
upon. well-built Gothic arches. They are the nearest
approach to pe.tpetual motion that I have seen, and it is
surpri.3ing the quantity of. water which they raise to the
surface-. They cause a (Jurrent six or seven knots with a
fall of .two or three feet, where they are, so that this part
of the river is difficult and somewhat dangerous ; but as
it is, we .have surmounted all ; I should rather say, the
genius and .skill of Mfressrs. J. Laird and Macgregor. who
furnished tt c boats and en&ines, have overcome obstacles
which baffled the ivell-disciplined legions of Trajan and
Julian, when they went to besiege Ctesiphon, and failed
to drag their flee is against the stream on account of the
current.

" The Tigris to Mosul, the site of the ancient Nine-
veh, and the Euphrates to Baulus—l might say to the
heart of thr., Taurus (for we may go hither)—is now
proved no:cigable. May British enterprise drive from
this field I ;he Austrian and Russian who now occupy it,
and may ( ivilisation, flying on the wings of commerce,
carry with, it the blessings of the Gospel salvation ! Yea,
here is a fine field for the missionary and the merchant.
To the fo rimer it opens rip the Christians of a thousand
hills—th a Armenians, • the Chaldean, the Nestorians,
the Maronites, the o.isciples of St. John, the worshippers
of the -Devil (who inlribit the "Tinjar Hills), and the
Arabs ; but the time for the conversion of the latter, I
fear, has not yet corae. . To the merchant it offers a
market for the cottons of Manchester, the cutlery of
Birmingham, and al.! sorts of trinketry ; in return they
might get the spl,,ndid wool of Arabia, far superior to
anything I ever F Ail' at home ; the Cashmere wool which
is brought to B Agdad, gall-nuts, the gum sandrac, myrrh,
the balsams from the , south, pearls, diamonds, and tor-
poises crow
.Persia; all which might be conveyed by steam
up the Eur2brates to Belis, thence to the Mediterranean, a
four dayF; journey.
"So much for the commercial Advantages to be derived
from the opening of the Euphrates ; let us now look to
the, political. A communication is kept up with our 1n-
(1...an possessions, independent of that of Egypt—a great
,- advantage in our late broil with that Power ; India is
reached in a much shorter time than thatsby the Red
Sea ; the mission in Persia is brought much nearer ; and
the means exist of throwing an Indian army either into
the heart of Persia cr Syria, in the space of a few weeks.
Surely these things, • taken collectively, reflect credit on
the wisdom of those "mho have4lesigned and supported
this expedition throughout, and placed- it upon-its pre-
sent prosperous footing."

HIMLEY HALL, THE SEAT OF
LORD WARD.

The mansion is beautifully situated in the midst of an
extensive and rich park of 600 acres, abounding with
deer, and enclosed with a substantial stone wall.' -To the
west a magnificent sheet of water of about 17 acres is
seen, and there are the various lakes which cover about
50 acres, filled with numerous aquatic plants. In the
background on the left, a steep rocky hill, finely clad
with ancient and modern trees, appears, while the fields
and hills gradually rise towards the horizon, where the
spire of Sedgeley Church, and the windmill towards Dud-
ley, lift their heads amidst the picturesque scene, here
so totally secluded by a barrier of hills from the manu-
facturing towns beyond. The upper part of the park,
the woods and water on the right, appear to great advan-
tage ; the village church is a pleasing object, and the
rising background over Swindon Common and Ashwood
is enriched by the distant hills and woods at Enville, the
seat of the Earl of Stamford. The walks through the
woods and plantations extend between six and seven
miles. Walking along my intention was taken by an
old veteran Yew that had stood the vicissitudes of many
centuries ; and I was afterwards furnished with the fol-
lowing lines written by one of the late Lord's visitors,
W. T. Fitzgerald, Esq. :
" This stately Yew, which has for ages stood,
The gloomy monarch of its native wood,
Perhaps some Norman Baron planted here,
Who lived by rapine and who ruled by fear ;
The tree a symbol of its master's mind,
Emblem of death, and fatal to mankind.
Beneath its boughs no verdant plants are seen,
Its baneful branches poison every green ;
And thus the feudal tyrant's hated reign
Oppress'd the village and laid waste the plain.
To these dire scenes a happier age succeeds,
No despot threatens and no vassal bleeds ;
At Himley now the poor man finds relief;
Forgets his poverty and checks his grief,
Raises his languid eyes and drooping head,
To bless the lib'ral hand that gives him bread ;
While in the mansion mirth and song attend,
To cheer the stranger and delight the friend.
But still the Yew, though hastening to decay,
Retains the venom of its pristine day ;
Its branches still their gloomy nature show,
And frown upon the cheerful scenes below."
This old Yew is likely to survive many ages yet ; it
measures at one foot from the ground, 24 feet 10 in-
dies in circumference. Some distance on, is a Yew re-
markable for its fine trunk, its extreme height is 80 feet,
at two feet from the greund it is 12 feet 6 inches in cir-
cumference, and at 27 feet 6 inches, 11 feet in circum-
ference. The Oak, the pride of England, towers above
its humble neighbours in majestic style—a sure proof of
the rich iron and coal mines below its roots. When a
boy, trampling over the Glamorganshire hills and vales,
I always admired the splendour of the oak, where its bark
shines as if varnished when its roots penetrate the coal
and iron mines. Adjoining the park are spacious woods,
through which are commodious carriage drives inter-
secting each other, for many miles. On the south and
west sides of the house are well-arranged gravel-walks ;
disposed about the lawn are various clumps of flowers,
such as roses, geraniums, verbenas, hydrangeas, fuchsias,
salvias. tropmolums, pansies, and petunias, in masses ;
and several beds of American plants, all forming a pleas-
ing and cheerful contrast to the lofty monarchs above
the house. From this we walked for some distance to
the westward, and entered a lofty greenhouse, and con-
servatory, and orangery, whose inmates were mostly
turned out for the summer. In the kitchen-garden are
three peach-houses, six vineries, one stove, three pine-
pies, well stocked with healthy plants, large mushroom-
houses, five ranges of pits, and three new houses erect-
ing for propagating and forcing early flowers. Mr. Whit-
tle, the gardener, has not been there many months, but
appears an intelligent young man, a true lover of British
plants, which he is collecting from all parts.—Gardener's
Magazine.

The Lambeth Reform Festival is to take place
en Wednesday next, the 18th inst.
FALKIRK TaYsT.,The August, oSArst Tryst
for 1841, took place at;.,ttenhousemuir upda% Tuesday
last. It is supposed that from 18,000 to 20,000 black
cattle were upon the ground. The weather, inAhe morn-
ing, was unfavourable ;for- the appearance of jstock, but
sales commenced briskly for heavy cattle in good condi-
tion. The first lot, consisting of sixty-one tine beasts,
was sold by Mr. Fawn: They were of the 4ngusshirc
breed, and brought 111. per head. The next lot was 20
small three-year-olds from near Perth, which, were sold
for 51. per head. The best lot in the market', was eight
polled stots from Methvcn, Fifeshire, bought 43, Mdssrs.
Laing and Thompson, Glasgow, 46 stone trot, at 231.
10s. Mr. Mitchell, Mcarns, sold a very fine lot of 30 at
121. 10s. to Mr. M'Gill, Edinburgh. The second lot was
sold by Mr. Walter Finlay to Mr. Brown, Glasg,ow, con-
sisting of 40, at 201. per head. A great numbtr of small
West and North Highlands were sold at from 31. 10s. to
5/. each. A splendid show of horses was at the Tryst,
but sales appeared, during the day, very dull.' Draught
horses brought from 101. to 20/. ; and a great number
were unsold. Mr. Mtrerte4,,eff.-.llyerary, had a lot of
about 60 fine Highland ponies fiat/7'61.4,p fI years old,
which met with a ready market at from 3.11...W5/. 10s.

TESTIMONIAL TO J.BELLAMY, ESQ., CLERK
or AssizE or TIIE Oxronn CIRCUIT.—On Friday,
evening last, a numerous and respectable body of Solici-
tors and other gentlemen connected with the Oxford
Circuit, presented to J. Bellamy, Esq., their highlj
and deservedly respected Clerk of Assize, a testi-
monial of their regard and esteem for his professional
and private character. The testimonial consisted of a
splendid silver salver, two smaller ones, a pair, of elegant
candelabra, and a pair of dishes. On the largest
salver was the following inscription, "To John Bel-
lamy, Esq., Clerk of Assize of the Oxford Circuit, in tes-
timony of sincere respect for his professional and private
character, and as a mark of personal esteem contracted and
confirmed during a period of lengthened intercourse,
this salver (with two smaller ones, a pair of candelabra,
and a pair of dishes) is presented by his professional and
other friends to perpetuate their sense of the promp:
titude, urbanity, integrity, and learning displayed by
him in the discharge of the.onerous, important, and ar-
duous duties of his office for nearly 30 years. August 6,
1841." The duties of the presentation Were ably per-
formed by Thomas Davis, Esq., of Gloucester, solicitor
Among the fashions prevailing just now in Paris.
is that of wearing ten breadths in the skirts of the dress.
In one of Jauy's papers he makes an old lady declare-
that the brocade of her wedding suit was afterwards
made into covers for a sofa and a dozen arm-ehairs, and
it seems likely that so curious an epoch of fashion will
be now renewed.

RAILWAY TRAVELLING.—A professional
gentleman left Baniv)ell on Saturdaymorning, after break-
striking twelvea,nd
fast, passed by St,
t hr
ne toil%
to reach home by Paul's in London,whilst the clock was
ance in town, dined and transacted business of import-
For w db,ui
omnibus at
a time mteea.ttimo tiele:_l3Balaint;elsutartlticioln.
weeks past during the gloomy weather,
.
e complained e
many persons hav omplain of difficulty in their re-
spiration and of being otherwise effect•ed• Medical men
of experience attribute the cause to the want of a due
portion of oxygen gas hi the atmosphere, and the air
not being properly rarified, occasioned by the absence-
of sunshine for many days.
LEwES.—The good folks of this town and its
neighbourhood, particularly. the Conservatives, have been
exceedingly disappointed this Assize. They were led to
expect, from the bills issued by Mr. Thomson on the
25th of June last, that he would have brought to trial
the party charged with " gross bribery," who, he an-
nounced, had been that day detected, on the Whig side,
But, lo I and behold ! the Assizes are gone and passed,
and no trial has taken place, thus proving that no charge
could be substantiated against the party accused, how-
ever easily one could be trumped up. This is the second
disappointment the leaders of the Conservatives have sub-
jected their friends to, and a third will speedily follow.
By-the-bye, what will become of the 25 sovereigns which
Mr. Thomson stated he held possession of ?—Brighton
Guardian.
AN IDIOT'S HAPPlNESS.—Barnaby's en-
joyments were to walk and run, and leap, till he was
tired; then to lie clown in the long grass, or by the grow-
ing corn, or in the shade of some tall tree, looking up •
ward
at the light clouds as they floated over the blue sur-
face of the sky, and listening to the lark as she
poured out her brilliant song. There were wjld-

MO RNA SUN.

red poppy, the gentle
harebell, the cowslip, and the rose. There
were
across the distant pathway in the wood,
flowers to pluck—the bright
-birds_ to match ; fish ; ants ; worms •
hares or rabbits,
weredasligedone ; minions of living things to have an
itasndthseoy
interest in, and lie in wrdt for, and clap hands and shout
in memory of, when they had disappeared,
la
default of these, or when they wearied, there
was tho :nerry sunlight to hunt out, as it crept
ugh leaves and boughs of trees, and hid
f
deep, in hollow places—like a
siani
Irla.esrldanoptwoont_hl:So,w
Zere nodding branches
sjeet scents of summer scaeirnibedreathto-
or clover ; the perfume of
wet
trees, • and shadows
bathe and sport •
ing over fields ofbeans
leaves or moss ; the life t.'.f waving
always changing. When thC se or any of them tired, or
in excess of pleasing tempted h... 1 to shut his eyes, there
was slumber in the midst of all the.-;e soft delights,
with the gentle wind murmuring like =Lie in his ears,
and everything around melting into one delioious dream.
—.lloz.

POPULATION OF TURK Augsburg
Gazette states that the total population of Turkey is
twenty-three millionsoof whom sixteen are Musselmans,
and seven Christians or Jews. In some quarters of Con-
stantinople the population has been tripled since the
commencement of the last reign.
MAIL GvAnDs.—We are requested to con-
tradict a paragraph which has recently gone th.e round
of the papers, that the mail guards, having rece.;ved an
increase of salary, were no longer allowed to receive
gratuities from passengers. Such not being the case,
the guards hare unfairly been deprived of the fees they
were in the habit of being favoured with from passengers
desirous of rewarding their attention.—York Herald.
During the deluge of rain in the storm of Tues- -
day night last, there was a slight mixture of snow; it did
not, however, lie on the ground, but melted as it All. To •
have snow in August is indeed unusual in LincLln.—
L ,ncoln Gazette.

JEwrsu MARRIAGE.—Married, on the ist
inst., at his residence in High-street, Sunderland, Mr..
Jacob Joseph, a highly respectable Israelite, to Miss
Elizabeth Samuel, of Rotterdam. This marriage way
solemnised according to the rites and ceremonies of the
Jews. The bride was led into the room closely veiled,
elegantly dressed, supported by her mother and a female
friend, and led round the bridegroom under a canopy thrice,
when theraarriage service commenced, and was closed by
the bridegroom putting on the bride's finger a ring, when
he declared that he took her to be his wife according to-
the custom of the' children of Israel, and also put in• her
'hand the marriage contract written in Hebrew, and
signed ; after which the bridegroom drank a little wino
out of a glass, and when the bride had also partaken, he,.
dashed the glass to the floor with great fome, and. •.\
stamped with his feet on the fragments. We are as-
sured
bysome that were not only present, but understand
the Hebrew language, and their antiquities and enstoins„
that the service was very impressive and highly interest-_
ing. About eighty persons were present, both Jews, ele-
gantly dressed, and Gentiles, when they sat down to a
plentiful dinner. The graces were chanted in Hebrew,
and afterwards the seven blessings. Every attention was
given to such of the Gentiles as were present.—Northcrn.
Times.

A. few days since a fisherman named Masey, re—
siding at New Romney, discovered in a pell at low water,
and about mid sands, a curious old measure resembling
copper, and holding about
.a pint, having a bell-metal
handle with the figure of a lion or some other beast
thereon. On minutely examining the bottom of it, the
date 1412 was deciphered. Some time ago two metal
spoons were found on the same spot, marked IY B. It
will be in the recollection of some of our readers that
about 20 years since the keel of a wreck was dug out
from this place, and brought up to the town, but the
name and date of the vessel could not be ascertained.—
Kentish Gazette.

AN UNREDEEMED PLEDGE.—About nine
o'clock on Tuesday night a fine female child, about three
weeks old, was left in the side slip of the shop of Mr.
Cottle, pawnbroker, Borough-road, Southwark, dressed
in a white calico bed-gown, white checked muslin
night-cap, with three borders, and the skirt of a brown
merino gown. The inhuman mother had put a piece of
muslin, with sugar in it, into the child's mouth, to pre-
vent its crying, and it was only by being kicked against
by a girl coming with a pledge that it was found. The
parochial authorities were made acquainted with the
circumstance of the finding of the infant, which, after a
little delay, was taken into St. George's workhouse.
THE SIMPLON.—A correspondent, just re-
turned from Italy by the Simplon, informs us that although
that magnificent route received much damage, between
the years 1834 and 1839 from torrents and other
causes on the Italian side, yet it has been sufficiently
repaired and is in good condition, although in parts
rather narrower than it used to be. There is only
one stream, also on the Italian side, where carriages
have to be ferried over. We mentioned some time
ago (from the Swiss papers) that the Sardinian Govern-
ment, with that spirit of public improvement by which
the King and his councillors are so much distinguished,
had determined on again applying aportion of the large
sums annually expended in that country on works of
national utility, to the further repair of the Simplon ;
and the operations will, we have no doubt, be carried
on with activity.—Galignani.
The Colonial Governor of Bermuda had issued
an order, that after the 6th July the only charges to
which all vessels would be subject on entering or clear-
ing at the various ports in that colony would be, to the
Governor, 1/. 45.; Secretary, 1/. Os. 4d.; the-Clerk, 6s. Bd.
On all vessels reporting inwards or outwards, ts:t the
Governor, 6s. 8d; Secretary, 13s. 4d; and the clerk,
6s. Bd. The 245. Bermuda currency to be equal to 16s.
sterling. The Colonial Secretary to receive is. for each
of the crew, and a fee of ss. 4d. for -the bond granted.by
all masters of vessels not owned in Bermuda against leav-
ing sick or disabled seamen, which is required both
the entries and reports.—Hcrald
DISAPPEARANCE OF A STUDENT OP I-10-
MERTON COLLEGE.—Yesterday information was received
at all the metropolitan police stations of the mysterious
disappearance of Mr. Thomas Hinds, a student at Ho-
merton College. It appears that the gentleman in
question, who is about twenty-three years of age, left.
Gravesend for London on the morning of Saturday
last, where he arrived in safety, having called at the
College about six o'clock the same evening ; since which
time he has not been seen nor heard of. He is described as
being about five feet eight inches in height, with a full.
face, and hair light and curly ; no wiskers, light blue
eyes, and in person full bodied. Was dressed in a suit
of black clothes, a satin stock with long ends, fastened
with a Peruvian diamond pin' -;.• linen marked, "T.
Hinds." Had in his waistcoat pocket a gold chronome-
ter watch, made by Frodesham, &c., London, with the
initials "T. IL" on the cases, worn with a gold guard
chain. In his pocket he had also 5/. and a Russia leather
pocket-book containing memorandums.
Wednesday the policemen's old great coats were
distributed for the use of the poor to the different metro -
politan parishes, by order of the Commissioners of Police.
Many of them are very decent, and willbe of great service
to the poor men who are exposed to the inclemency of
the weather.

CORN DEAtints.—The Tory Journals have
republished the case of a man :who was convicted of an
attempt at Cambridge, in the year 1741, to raise the
price of corn. They call the article punishment of
Corn-jobbers. Do they mean, then, to revive the
punishment for forestalling and regrating ! Or, do they
mean to confine the Corn-trade, as well as the growing
of corn, to the hands of the rent-owners, and their depen-
dent tenants at will ?

NEWSVENDERS' BENEVOLENT AND PROVI-
DENT INSTITUTION.-011 Tuesday the subscribers and
friends of this excellent charity had another aquatic
trip, being their second excursion this season, when a
numerous party proceeded in the Laurel steamer to
partake of the festivities which had most bountifully
been provided for them, at the celebrated tavern at
Tvvickhenham Ait. The weather fortunately proved propi-
tious, and at ten o'clock the vessel, under the directionf
of Captain Reynolds, her experienced Compla.ndebrr,
t
her moorings at the Old Swan Stairs, Lonedsoen;
calling for company at Hungerford and Chelsea !arrived at
The company, shortly before three o'clock,
sat down to
the Alt, and after promenading.thetiii. groundshest style. At
dinner, which was served up
seven o'clock the company, eminbarked, and arrived at
eCghamher of Commerce at
A meeting of
the
to a resolution to petition Con-
gress New Orleans bad coomates
b of the Royal West India Steam
a late hour, after a day d E teit-fully and well spent.
to place the
upon upon the most favourable
sition were acceded to, a direct re-
it' this- take place every twenty-two days,
ceipt of news
would commence on the Ist of October.
fNooavtiingag
and the
re-
footing. CompParoepoY
"ne -e're laid down thus :—No. 1. .London to
of Corunna,Funchal,
Barbadoes, and
Returning, Havannah ta London, by way of
Nassau.
Barbadoes. No. 2. On the arrival a the London steamer
Barba •
Savannah, one steamer would leave for Honduras,
a t
Vera Cruz, Tampico,New
Orleans,and Havannah.
Another would leave at the same time for New Orleans
iTilasveanronuahte,sbyw
way
Anot
direct, thence to Tampico, Vera Cruz, Honduras, Ha-
vannah. No. 3. Halifax to Havannah, by New York
and back. No. 4. Barbadoes, Leeward Islands, Jamaica,
and back.
Lady Mary Morgele expired on Saturday •at
Charlton, Gloucestershire. The deceased, who was second
daughter of the late, and aunt of the present, Earl of Lis-
towel, was born in 1780, and married, first, 15th of Ja-
nuary, 1803, Mr. C. M. Balders, and after that gentle-
man's death, married 7th August, 1824, Mr. Thomas
Ro,yse Morgele.
A great nuriber of labourers employed on the
London and Brighton Railway, crossed the Channel to
work on the Paris and Rouen line, having been engaged
at a high rate of wages. Several of them have lately
returned, declaring they could not perform the laborious
'work in that country, as they were unable to procure
their accustomed beverage, beer.
PITHY AND PLEASANT.--A recent writer,
giving an account of British dependencies, thus speaks
of Bonaparte's " frightful rock," as he was wont to call
it:—" bt. Helena, on its first discovery, contained sea
fowls, and some seals and turtles, with a forest of trees
and shrubs, all peculiar species, with one or two excep-
tions. It is now a mere rock:'devoured by rats!"
AssAM TEA.—A stile of 35,000 chests of
Assam tea took place at Calcutta on the 26th May. It
was conducted in the Chinese fashion. The leaves were
infused in hot water, and the beverage tasted by intend=
ing purchasers. The lowest lots sold for a rupee four
annas, that is 2s. 6d. the pound. The highest, for three
rupees four annas, 6s. 6d. The tea was pronounced to
be excellent.
METEOR.—A very beautiful meteor was ob-
served from Carcluie-hill, on Wednesday evening, about
a quarter past eight o'clock. It appeared in the form of
two balls of fire, and passed slowly in a straight line
from north-west to south-east. It had no tail, as most
meteors have, and was visible for the space of nearly
half a minute.—Correspondent of the Ayr Observer. -

AciORNING SUN.

• BRAZILS.
Iler.M ajesty's packet Delight, Lieut. Lory, arrived on
Tuesday ; her sailing dates were—from Rio, June 16,
Bahia, July 2, Pernambuco, 7. Her Majesty's ships
Southal npton (Admiral King), Crescent, Clio, Ca,.neleon,
Partrie ige, and Spider were left at Rio. Tbel Grecian
left Ri .0 on a cruise on May 23, and arrived back on
June 5 with a barque and brigantine, detained as prizes.
The former was found fitting out for tb_a coast of Africa,
and the brigantine was supplying her with the necessary
stores from Rio. Her Majesty's eleip Rose left Bahia for
Rio on June 30.
The Emperor's coronation was deferred to Aug. 18 ;
the alleged cause is, that the preparations were not com-
plete. A grand display was getting up at Bahia in
honour of the epproaching event.
The following are extracts from the latest Rio
papers :--
" On May 26 the Chamber of Deputies decided on the
matter of the. claimed indemnities on the English barque
Woodman, which had been detained' by the authorities.
The commander not having presented his license for
leav'_ing the -port, having more than one gun on board,
and having been, in consequence of his neglect, detained,
the Cherub:a- considers the Government exonerated from
all r esponeibility.'
" In consequence of armed foreigners having landed
at different parts of the coast of Brazil, committing acts
of hostility, with pretence of obtaining provisions or
water, his Imperial Majesty the Emperor (who in other
respects religiously respects the rights of, all nations, and
not be in ; at war with any), desiring not only to maintain
unimpai red the dignity of the Brazilian nation by the
prevention of similar acts, as also that the vessels of
friendly and allied nations may not lack such succour and
relief as, they may claim from the local authorities, has
directe d the following peremptory orders to be issued :
" Ist. Any foreigners who may land armed without
leave c a any part of the coast of the empire, are to be re-
pelled ;iy force.
" < 2d.i. The local authorities will give to the foreign
subjects of vessels belonging to friendly nations every
assistance and succour that may be required, or the com-
petent. permission to fetch them from shore, unarmed,
which. measures have become the more necessary, as, in
consequence of a report of the existence of pirates on the
coast of Brazil having been circulated, it is desirable not
only to avoid Aenliets, should the local population take
friendly foreigners for such, who may land without ob-
serving t liese. precautions, as also to repel them, should
they actually be pirates, which may happen to be the
case. In the issuing these orders the greatest prudence
and the most scrupulous examination is recommended to
the autho cities to avoid disagreeable occurrences.' "
The operations of the Brazilian army in the Rio
Grande clo Sul are represented as having consisted of
march as, counter-marches, halts, a considerable number
of sow iers being sick, and nothing more.
According to the latest from the seat of war, the
republican Government was at San Gabriel. The lie'avy
army of the enemy, that is carriages, baggage, and 900
to I,COO infantry, were in Bage ; not far from which
place was the Brazilian army, with 2,000 rebel cavalry
in its front, commanded by Bente. Gonzalves, Nito, and
Cana.-..arro ; whilst the bands of Teixeira and Amarel
Ferra for were on the hills.
The- Chamber of Deputies was principally occupied in
discus sing the law for regulating and fixing the number
of land forces. The reply to the Speech from the throne
had been adopted without amendment.
From Buenos Ayres we learn that Lavelle is said to be
prepared in the interior with 4,000 men to meet the
forces of: Roses. There was no demand at Buenos Ayres
for mercantile wares, owing to the internal dissensions.
Passe.agers—Lieutenant-Oliver Jones Of the South-
ampton ; Mrs. Brooks (widow of the late Surgeon
Brooks, of the. Crescent, who died at Rio, June Ist), Mr.
Thomas BaSkerville and Mr. Janies Holmes, from Buenos
Ayres ; and six miners.
On freight, 35,0001.; exchange, 31d. per milrei.
We have just seen a letter which states that the Bri-
tish merchants resident in Pernambuco have bound
themselves under a penalty of a conto of reis, not to sell
in future any merchandise except for drafts accepted at a
fixed time of credit.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

SEIZURE OF A FRENCH VESSEL AT HOLD-

FAST RAY.
(From the Adelaide Chronicle, Feb. 17.)
A circumstance which may lead to very serious conse-
quences has just occurred. The French ship Ville de
Bordeaux arrived at Holdfast Bay, from Swan River or
King George's Sound, on her way to Circular Head.
She called here to ascertain if stock could be purchased
in the colony. Advantageous arrangements for the ship-
ment of a large quantity of sheep were understood to be
made, and the ship was about to take her cargo on board,
when, on Saturday last, she was seized, by order, we
understand, of the Collector of the Customs, and on the
following day she went to sea with two Custom-house
officers on board.

The facts of the case, so near as we can learn, are as
follow :—The Collector of Customs having received in-
formation that she was to carry the stock to King
George's Sound, which, being a French bottom. she had
no right to do, and also on suspicion of her having false
papers, went on board on Saturday night, and seized her
in the name of her Majesty's Customs, and made the crew
sign articles to work under the orders of the Custom-
house officers in taking her up to the port. The Captain
was not at this time on board. At daylight next morn-
ing Mr. Anthony and a person named Lockyer went on
board to take charge of her, when they found the Captain
preparing to proceed to sea. The vessel was accordingly
got under weigh, and the Captain requested Mr. Anthony
to go ashore in a boat which was alongside. This he re-
fused to do, having had orders to take charge of the ship.
fbe vessel then stood out to sea, with Mr. Anthony and
the other man on board, and she has not since been heard
of. Reports, however, were afloat yesterday, that she
was lying off the mouth of the harbour, but this, we be-
lieve, is incorrect. .

On Sunday evening the Courier steamer, having the
Collector of Customs, the Harbour Master, and a body of
armed police on board, started in pursuit of the ship. She
aetumed to Holdfast Bay yesterday, having seen nothing
'of the ship. he took a quantity of fuel and provisions,
.and sailed again last night.
We live been informed that the Frenchman was seen
.on Monday by a fishing-boat, somewhere down the gulf,
,cracking along under a press of sail. With a good breeze
the steamer will never sight her, as she is a very fast
vessel, having been built for a ship of war.
The strangest feature of the case is—a large flock of
fine sheep, the property, we believe, of E. Rowlands,
Esq., of the firm of August, Cooke, and Co., which
were depasturing at Glenelg, and intended to be pur-
chased and shipped on board the Ville de -Bordeaux,
were seized by the police or custom-house functionaries,
.and branded with the broad arrow. We say distinctly,
that a more daring and unwarranted violation of the
rights of private property than this never before oc-
curred in a British province. It will be a disgrace to the
English feeling of the colonists of South Australia if
they do not insist upon a strict enquiry into circum-
stances so directly violating every mercantile rule, and
all legal safeguards of property.
The following is an extract from the log-book of the
Ville de Bordeaux :

" Thursday, Feb. 18, 1841.—Commences with light
breezes and fine clear weather. At 3.30 P.M., the twelve
men off duty came aft on the quarter-deck, and asked
Mr. Symers and Captain Biron to take the ship into
Holdfast Bay, and let them have justice on shore, if
he would not give it them on board ; if not, they must
-take her there themselves. Captain Biron and Mr.
Symers then told them that they would take her into the
bay when they thought proper ; when they commenced
swearing and using the most abusive language possible.
They then began to walk aft, when Mr. Symers took hold
of the helm. The men immediately took hold of him and
dragged him away, William Cummins and John Pearce
taking charge of the wheel while they surrounded him,
Mr. Symers remarking, he did not wish for bloodshed.
The Captain and Mr. Symers asked Mr. Anthony to as-
sist in the name of. the Queen, when he answered, he
did not know the captain or Mr. Symers, and he would
not assist either side ; saying. they made him a prisoner
as well as the people. They then squared the yards,
set the foresail and main-top-gallant sail, and took the
oommaud of the ship from Captain Biron, Mr. Symers,
myself, and the other officers, and run her into Holdfast
Bay, and anchored in 3i-fathoms."
PROTEST.--We, the captain, officers, and parties con-
cerned in the ship Ville de Bourdeax, do hereby protest
and note against the barratry conduct of Mr. Torrens
and the other two gentlemen with him ; and also against
such part the crew as were to aid and abet them in
the carr:fii ig off the ship Ville de Bourdeaux ; and we
now it prudent to take the ship to a port where she
may b'= safe from such conduct and example,
until the
legal authorities shall decide whether a French ship can-
not .:01ne to South Australia and purchase a
cargo of
cattle for a French colony.
Henri Biron, captain.
.J-ohn William Charlton, second officer.
Charles Gear,•third officer.
- John Brown, ship carpenter. •
William John Penton, boatswain.
George Jefferies,
H. D. Jefferies, passengers.
John Derby, shepherd.
H. Symer', part charterer of the Ville de Bor-
deaux.
Ce deaux.
Ce proces verbal est ecrit en Anglais enfin de ne pas
aJoir a redeemer un interprete.

H. BIRON, Captain.

ARTAIVAL OF THE STEAMER SEA-HORSE
AT H'JBART Town.—The following is an extract from
a Pr.lvate letter:—" Hobart Town, April. 11, 1841.
Ye Aerday much interest was excited by seeing
.agnificient steamer, under canvass, standing up
the
.ilerwent, which proved to be the Sea-Horse from
London. This, splendid vessel of 300-horse
ower is,
twe understand, the first of the four powe-1, fp ui stearner6
-which are coming out to navigate our
seas, and call
into existence the vast resources
colonies. By our last advices of these imporhome we learn that
the Juno, of similarhat
Powe,r, as upon the eve of sail-
irk ; and we can only 114, ',hat if she and the others are
...equal to the Sr;a-Horsf24 no such vessels bare ever ap-
:reared, on our side of the globe. The Erebus and Ter-
ror, southern. discovery ships, are in the harbour. They
have been further to the southward than any former ex-
pedition sailing over the continent recently discovered
by the Americans."

AFFECTING INSTANCE OF SUDDEN DEATH.
—A respectable young man of the name of Robinson,
who resided at No. 4, Devonshire-street, New North-
Toad, lioxton, returning from the city, whither he had
*been to deliver some work (his employment being that of
a working jeweller), between the hours of eight and
nine o'clock on Tuesday evening knocked at the door of
his residence, but before it could be opened he was
• speechless. At eleven o'clock he was a corpse dpto then, from the even
-he entered, he had not been able
to utter a sentence, although he hadrnade several ineffec-
tual endeavours to do so. lie has left a young wife and
four small children to deplore his loss,