The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-23 00:00:00

LITERATURE.
WHAT TO OBSERVE.
Madden, London, 1841. •

Under, the quaint title of " What to Observe,
or the Traveller's Remembrancer," Mr. Jackson
has produced a highly useful work, whose ob-
ject, he tells us in a brief, pertinent preface, " io
to point out to the uninitiated travel-ler what la;
should observe, and to remind the one who L 4
well informed, of many objects which; but for a
remembrancer, might escape him." This object
the author has successfully accomplished, and
his volume will have the desired effect of excit-
ing a wish for useful knowledge, by awakening-
! curiosity.. It consists of a certain' number of
Divisions, each of which is divided into Sections,
suggesting a variety of inquiries relative to, tlif
geographical position of countries, their general
aspect=, climate, temperature, geological and
mineral productions, &c. The traveller, who ib
anxious to turn his opportunities of visiting- fo •
reign regions to good account, will find many
serviceable hints in this compact, carefully.con-
sidered volume.

INTRODUCTORY DISCOURSES DELI i7EII-
- AT MANCHESTER NE
.111 COLLEGE.
Simpkin and Marshall, London, 1841.

The Discourses compwised in this volume were
delivered, it seems, in Manchester NOW Cell.3;e,
at the opening of the Session of 1840, and refer
to some of the most important branches of Philo-
sophy, Science, and the Belies Lettre,;. That on
History, is by Mr. Kenrick, and discusses a po-
pular and interesting theme with much judg-
ment and acumen. Referring to the often de-
bated question of how far it is tit that historians
should he impartial or otherwise, the Lecturer
justly remarks, " the only kind of impartiality to
which, as it appears to me, the teacher of his-
tory can pretend, is to state all evidence fairly
as far as is known to him, to refer to authors who
have espoused opposite sides, to abstain. from in-
vective and insinuation, and to regulate his in-
structions by the spirit of philosophy, not of
partizanship." If Flume had written English
history in this spirit, he would have been a far
greater authority than he is at preSerit and if
the same candid spirit had pervaded Gibbon's
highly-coloured, one-sided episode of the rise
and progre33 of the early Christian Reformers,
his admirable " Decline and Fall of Rome''
would have placed him .at the head of all the
historians of the modern world. Tile best, be-
cause the most thoughtful, discourse in the vo-
lume is the one on " Mental and Moral Philo-
sophy," by Mr. James Martineau, which exhi-
bits in every page great closeness and subtlety
of reasoning.

CARLI6T REFUGEES:
PROCLAMATION OF CABREIL

To the sub-officers and the officers of the army o;
Arragon. Valentin, Murcia, and Catalonia.—gever
was any epportunity of showing their relieiouF end
political constancy and fidelity to their Kin; move f«-
vourable to Spaniards devoted to hint than older actual
circumstances, when we are about being ileprived of
every resource. By your sufferings and your privations
during a protracted and cruel war, on gave minim-011i
proofs of your devotedness. The period is co;ne whet:
the Spanish character must show itself move. than ever ;
that character so much landed by both our political and
foreign enemies. It is this day that your General de-
mands of you to show religious virtue, constancy, fidelity,
and devotedness to a cause-in which your blood was shed
on the soil of your country. It is now fur us to exact
the admiration of the foreigner and of otir own enemy—
our country And I this day hope to ben witness to the
intrepidity of those whom I• had the honour to lead oa
to victory, to reap imperishable laurels in the history Of
human events. The recent unjust sequestration of an
inimical Government we must suppert with magnani-
mity, with calmness, and with the truic Spani7;ll
elm-
racier which has ever been so honourable. Constancy,
companions in arms ! perseVerance, firmness
are more necessary to-day than hefore. It is the last
stroke to crush us, but God will protect us,..and save
from the danger. We have friends who flee slc, oppor;it-
nity of endeavouring to assure the subsiStenee of the
brave and valiant defenders of their religion and of their
King. Let us confide in them ; let us implore their pro-
tection ; and never forget it never failed those who
solicited it from the heart. Let us prove to the whole
world that the Spanish have ever been, and will ever be,
models of valour, of constancy, and Of loyalty. Her
Majesty, it is said, is endeavouring to induce the-foreign
Powers to admit us in their States. Your General is as
wretched as you, his companions in arms,' but he does
not despair. My prayers are the same as yours. But I
bury them in my heart until that day when at your head,
my sword may give a last testimony of devotedness and
fidelity to the just cause of God and of legitimacy. I
cannot console you in anything, my fate is yours, but
whithersoever it lead us, let us retain • these principles,
and let the Spanish name maintain the.plaCeithas gained.
Reckon ever on him who is honoured by calling himself
your companion in glory and fatigue.
(Signed) • " LE COMPTE DE MORELLA.
" Hyeres, May 12, 1841."

CASE OF JAMES MAXWELL, TliE

PILOT.
It is hoped that no apology will be required for bring- •
ing before the public the following case of eXtrerne •
distress, connected as it is with eircninafances which
must be interesting to every generous and humaue in-
dividual under whose notice this may come :
In the 171st number of Chambers' Edinburgh Journal
there is a narrative detailing an instance of one of the
most miraculous preservations of human life, from de-
struction on board ship, that has almost ever occurred.
It is uncler the title of '• A Hero in Humble
Life," and exhibits the self-denial and bravery
of one James Maxwell, (under the fictitious name
of Cochrane,) a pilot, who, in the year 1827, was the
individual means of saving the lives, to e num-
ber of betwixt seventy and eighty, of the passengers and
crew of the Clydesdale steam-packet.- • This vessel was
destroyed by fire on her voyage betwixt Glasgow end
Belfast, and the preservation of those on board of her
by the pilot, is thus abridged from the article in Cham-
bers' Journal alluded to :—" On' its being Ascertained
that the only way to save those on board was to run the
vessel ashore, the pilot instantly- took the helm and fixed
himself to the spot. The fire, which theexertions of all the
men could not keep under, soon raged with ungovernable
fury, and keeping the engine in violent action, the vessel,
one of the fleetest that had ever been built, flew through the
water with incredible speed. All the passengers were ga-
thered to the bow, the rapid flight of the vessel keeping that
part clear of the flames, while it carried the fire, flames,
and smoke, backward to the quarter deck, -where the
pilot stood like a martyr at the stake. Everything
possible was done by the master and crew to keep the
place on which he stood deluged with water, but this
became every moment more difficult and hopeless, for,
in spite of all that could be done, the flames seized the
cabin under him, and his feet were literally roasted on,
the deck. Still he never flinched, for, had-he done so,
all might have-perished. At intervals; 4heint3inn of the
wind threw aside the intervening rugs 6f Hattie a.idstitoke
for a moment, and then might be heard exclamations of hope
and gratitude, as the multitude on -the bow got a
giimpee of the brave man, standing calm and fried on
his dreadful watch. By this time time vessel was within
a .stone-cast of the tialloway coast, girded, as it is,
with perpendicular masses of reek, but every corner of
which the pilot was acquainted with, and this enabled
him to run her into an open suttee, and' along-side
tt
ledge of reef, upon which every person got cafe on
shore, all unscathed, evept the self-deveted enc.
, to
whom they owed their lives."
The foregoing particulars have been nll neeerteined
to be true. Poor Maxwell,- however, rens FO injured,
and his constitution so shattered by his teertions and
sufferings on that awful occasion ' that has
never been the same man since. For several years
subsequent to this occurrence. he Ims employed as a._
pilot by one of the most respectable StesM Compel:nes
on the Clyde but for a long time lie has not ,711
able to do a 'hand's turn. He is now completely
' ridden (in fact, in a dying state), and labm-meinf,inunidlel€.r
severe rheumatism of the breast and legit children,
effects • of the fire. He has a wife an
nd all are com-
rs
the eldest only fourteen yea of age, a
pletely destitute. stx children,
feel pleasure e tiep.te_
s uilipeoxstein thatg tihneainrychhaurintr,e
tolPvcrrs?lnts.ll.l
is)errovpienrgiyi,ndtihveldfuoalll,olivfinigissguericiddetwhfaint,,itu;" hive jug-Lett],
circumstances of the
into, and are conversant with, tn-
dideC77,e, f7tl.le nr-
cpaossee,ofarveive fierviiiiiiegdetolmit vteitsmisn,ton
prcrAkwerlt yage7itvs.in::e
t,l seom ; eteem,
same, namely, Mr R. Napier, engin
1111713€il'rsa'inlItoneG.Is:
Thomson and Macconnell,
for the
Be
rai
1.17;
ring.
Glasgow,
goi?NtVl:e tSirnSTSa.l:‘ll;adilliinablntirgallhCll;";(t.inr;tfli.l-7epr:e
iciinin ,
tnry
iNh ; and
nh.teerra.iluatsteteoerra Steam-packet kl t, vet,
ing as
facility of the penny snbeeriptions
to
gested ; and it, is hop
any oi't
11 • d v tio. may be only able
t o atib r dh the
niitsabnlove-named individuals is l
e amount easily es. st
Po: ;otitis: iliike thetasis
making tip
e
hoped'aat editors of newspapers will give insertion to
this notice as an act of charity, if suitable with their ar-
rangements.—(.Glasgow Argus.
From the year 1826, so distinguished for long
and severe drought, there has been nothing equal to the
present year. Since the month of November, last year,
there has been scarcely any interruption to the working
of the plough, except what arose from-frost ; and, the
consequence has been that the land luta • been
better prepared, and the seed of every description
committed to the earth under more' favourable
circumstances than we ever remember. Until about
fourteen days ago nothing had suffered, even on
light lands, the complete pulverization of the soil having
enabled it to resist the drought with more effect than
could have been anticipated. Since then, however, the
pasture and the hay crop have-bath suffeml grievously,
not more from the areught than from the chilling and
piercing north-east winds which have prevailed ; and in
some districts there has been a scarcity of Neater, even
for ordinary domestic purpoSes. But since Monday the
sky has been cloudy, with the appearance of rain, and
ye-Sterday morning it began to tall in mild and gentle
showers,..whieeele prevailed during the.grea'er part of the
117, and.witti.nvary apnattra)ve .. Alr :.ady
rha rarchaii-r_d baked: earth hng br_Tzart to • fs.el
\711,1s W i'aztlNce-
! eumly of rea,-.z azd. of I
'dal ha-rast is as . P-ett-
-6 COll-0. wished frit
CaZedonian Afe7cFry,