The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-23 00:00:00

111 E SUN, LONDON,AWEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1841.

I the other causing I ritli in prices, and accomplishing an entire
I change litt aspect of affairs. Stocks of all sorts rapidly de-
itdividuals are ruined, and States embarrassed—even in

their efforts to meet with punctuality the interest on their debts.
Such unhappily is the condition of things now existing in the
United States. These effects may readily he traced to the causes
above referred to. The public revenues being removed
from the then Bank of the United States, under an order of a late
President, were placed in selected State Banks, which, ac-
tuated by the double motive of conciliating the Government
and augmenting their profits to the greatest possible extent, en-
larged extravagantly their discounts, thus enabling all other
existing banks to do the same. Large dividends were declared,
which stimulating the cupidity of capitative, Caused a rush tube
made to the Legislatures of the respective States for similar
acts of incorporation, which,'by many of the States, under a tem-
porary infatuation, were readily granted—and thus the augmen •
tation of the circulating medium, consisting almost exclusively
of paper, produced a most fatal delusion.
An illustration derived from the land sales of the period
alluded to, will serve best to show the effect of the whole sys-
tem. The average sales of the public lands for a period of ten
years prior to 1834, had not much exceeded 2,000,000 dols.
per annum. In 1834, they attained in round numbers to the
amount of 6,000,000 does., in the succeeding year of 1835, they
reached 16,000,000 :dols., and the next year, of 1836, they
amounted to the enormous sum of 25,000,000 dols.—thus
crowding into the short space of three years upwards
of seventy-three years' purchase of the public domain. So
apparent had become the necessity of arresting this course
of things, that the Executive Department assumed the
highly questionable power of discriminatine, in the funds to be
used in payment, by different classes of public debtors. A dis-
crimination which was, doubtless, designed to correct this most
ruinous state of things, by the exaction of specie in all payments
for the public lands, but which could not at once arrest the tide
which had so strongly set in. Hence the demands for specie
became unceasing, and corresponding prostration rapidly ensued
under the necessities created with the banks to curtail their
discounts, and thereby to reduce their circulation. I recur to
these things with no disposition to censure pre-existing ad-
ministrations of the Government, but simply in exem-
plification of the truth of the position which I have assumed.
If,
.then, any fiscal agent which may be created, shall be
placed without due restrictions, either in the hands of the ad-
ministrators of the Government, or those of private indivi-
duals, the temptation to abuse will prove to be resistless.
Objects of political aggrandisement may seduce the first, and
the promptings of boundless cupidity will assail the last. Aided
by the experience of the past, it will be the pleasure of Con-
gress so to guard and fortify the public interests in the creation
of any new agent, as to place them, so far as human wisdom
can accomplish it, on a footing of perfect security. With-
in a few years past three different schemes have been before
the country. The charter of the Bank of the United States
expired by its own limitations in 1836 ; an effort was made to
renew it which received the sanction of the two Houses of
Congress, but the then President of the United States exer-
cised his veto power, and the measure was defeated. A re-
, gard to truth requires me to say, that the President was fully
sustained in the course he had taken by the popular voice.
His successor to the Chair of State unqualifiedly pronounced
his opposition to any new charter of a similar institution; and
not only the popular election which brought him into power,
but the elections through much of his term, seemed clearly to
indicate a concurrence with him in sentiment on the part of
the people.
After the public moneys were withdrawn from the United
States Bank, they were placed in deposits with the State Banks,
and the result of that policy has been before the country. To
say nothing as to the qie stion whether that experiment was
made under propitious or adverse circumstances, it may safely
be asserted that it did receive the unqualified condemnation
of most of its early advocates, and, it is believed, was also
condemned by the popular sentiment. The existing Sub-Trea-
sury system does not seem to stand in higher favour with the
people, but has recently been condemned in a manner too
plainly indicated to admit of a doubt. Thus, in the short pe-
riod of eight years, the popular voice may be regarded as hav-
ing successively condemned each of the three schemes of
finance to which I have adverted. As to the first, it was intro-
duced at a time (1816) when the State Banks, then compara-
tively few in number, had been forced to suspend specie pay-
ments by reason of the war which had previously prevailed with
Great Briteem, Whether, if the United States Bank charter,
which :iad expired in 1811, had been renewed in due season,
it would have been enabled to continue specie payments during
the war, and the disastrous period to the commerce of the
country which immediately succeeded is, to say the least, pro-
blematical; and whether the United Stetes Bank of 1816 pro-
duced a restoration of specie payments, or the same was ac-
complished through the instrumentality of other means, was a
matter of some difficulty at that time to determine—certain it
is, that for the first years of the operation of that bank, its
course was as disastrous as, for the greater part of its subse-
quent career, it became eminently successful.
As to the second, the experiment was tried with a redundant
treasury, which continued to increase until it seemed to be the
part of wisdom to distribute the surplus revenue among the
States, whichepperating at the same time with the specie circular,
and the causes befot e adverted to, caused them to suspend spe-
cie payments, and involved the country in the greatest embar-
rassment. And as to the third, if carried through all the
stages of its transmutation, from paper and specie, to nothing
but the precious metals, to say nothing of the insecurity of
the 'public moneys, its injurious effects have been anticipated
by the country, in its unqualified cond.mnation. What is
now to be regarded as the judgment of the American peo-
ple on this whole subject, I have no accurate means of
determining lent by appealing to their mare immediate repre-
sentatives. The late contest, which terminated in the elec-
tion of General Harrison to the Presidency, was decided on
principles well known and openly declared ; and while the
Sub-Treasury received in the result the most decided con-
demnation, yet no other scheme of 'finance seemed to have
been concurred in. To you, then, who have come more
directly from the body of our common constituents, I submit
the entire question, as best qualified to give a full exposition
of their wishes and opinions. I shall be ready to concur with
you in the adoption of such system as you may propose, re-
serving to myself the ultimate power of rojeeting any measure
which may, in my view of it, conflict with the Constitut.on,
or otherwise jeopardize the power of the country—a power
which I could not part with even if I would, but which I will
not believe any act of yours will call into requisition.
I beg leave particularly to call your attention to the accom-
panying Report from the Secretary of War. Besides the pre-
sent state of the war which has so long afflicted the territory
of Florida, and the various other matters of interest therein
referred to, you will learn from it that the Secretary has insti-
tuted an inquiry into abuses, which promises to develope gross
enormities in connection with Indian treaties which have been
negotiated, as well as in the expenditures for the removal and
subsistence of the Indians. He represents also other irregula-
rities of a serious nature that have grown up in the practice of
the Indian department, which will require the appropriation of
upwards of 200,000 dols. to correct, and which claim the im-
mediate attention of Congress.
In reflecting on the proper means of defending the country,
we cannot shut our eyes to the consequences which the intro-
duction and use of the power of steam upon the ocean are
likely to produce in wars between maritime States. We can-
not yet see the extent to which this power may be applied in
belligerent operationss connecting itself as it does with recent
improvements in the science of gunnery and projectiles ; but
we need have no fear of being left, in regard to these things,
behind the most active and skilful of other nations, if the
genius and enterprise of our fellow-citizens receive proper en-
couragement and direction from Government.
True wisdom would, nevertheless, seem to dictate the neces-
sity of placing in perfect condition those fortifications which
are designed for the protection of our principal cities and
roadsteads. For the defence of our extensive maritime coast,
our chief reliance should be placed on our Navy, aided by
those inventions which are destined to recommend themselves
to public adoption—but no time should he lost in placing our
principal cities on the sea-board, and the lakes, in a state of
entire security from foreign assault. Separated as we are from
the countries of the Old World, and in much unaffected by
their policy, we are happily relieved from the necessity of
maintaining large standing armies in times of peace. The
policy which was adopted by Mr. Munroe, shortly after the
conclusion of the late war with Great Britain, of preserving a
regularly organized staff, sufficient for the command of a large
military force should the necessity of one arise, is
founded as well in economy as in true wisdom. Provision is
thus made, upon filling up the rank and file, which can readily
be done on any emergency, for the introduction of a system of
discipline both promptly and efficiently. All that is required
in time of peace is to maintain a sufficient number of men to
guard our fortifications, to meet any sudden contingency, and
to encounter the first shock of war. Our chief reliance must
be placed on the militia; they constitute the great body of
national guards, and, inspired by an ardent love of country,
will be ready at all times, and at all seasons, to repair with
alacrity to its defence. It will be regarded by Congress, 1 doubt
not, at asuitable time, as one of its highest duties to attend to
their complete organization and discipline.
I cannot avoid recurring, in connection with this subject, to
the necessity which exists for adopting some suitable measure,
whereby the unlimited creation of Banks by the States may be
corrected in future. Such result can be most readily achieved
by the consent of the States, to be expressed in the form of a
compact among themselves, which they can only enter into
with the consent and approbation of this Government. A con-
sent which might, in the present emergency of the public de-
mands, justifiably be given by Congress in advance of any action
by the States as an inducement to such action upon terms well
defined by the act of tender. Such a measure addressing itself
to the calm reflection of the States would find in the ex-
perience of the past, and the condition of the present, much to
sustain it—and it is greatly to be doubted whether any scheme
of finance can prove for any length of time successful, while the
States shall continue in the unrestrained power of creating
banking corporations. This power can only be limited by their
consent.
With the adoption of a financial agency of a satisfactory
character, the hope may be indulged that the country
may once more return to a state of prosperity—measures
auxiliary thereto, and in some measure inseparably connected
with its success will doubtless claim the attention of Con-
gress. Among such, a distribution of the proceeds of the
sales of the public lands, provided such distribution does not
force upon Congress the necessity of imposing upon com-
merce heavier burthens than those contemplated by the Act
of 1833, would act as an efficient remedial measure by being
brought directly in aid of the States. As one sincerely devoted
to the task of preserving a just balance in our system of Go-
vernment by the maintenance of the States in a condition the
most free and respectable, and in the full possession of all their
power, I can no otherwise than feel desirous for their emanci-
pation from the situation to which the pressure on their finances
now subjects them. And while I must repudiate, as a measure
founded on error, and wanting constitutional sanction, the
slightest approach to an assumption by this Government of the
debts of the States, yet I can see in the distribution adverted
to, much to recommend it. The compacts between the propri-
etor-states and this Government expressly guarantee to the
Sthtiantgesin the
all the benefits which may arise from the sales.
question t
o o
ot t
ms ra
ddb e i
moreue et
The mode by which this is to be effected, addresses itself to
the discretion of Congress as the trustee for the States, and its
exercise, after the most beneficial manner, is restrained by no-
aterhiuleto
between f
t grantsthat
or
equalityin the
in
the Constitutiondistrihot soon long
which as
the Congress
com-
pactswilbldriaoeiniqy b
become
e n di
uire. In the present condition of some of the States
the
cnout nr
sagmonemnda yet i
o wfbodei
rit
mrheregarded
trona,ors
t hssuetlbaftnetetashcneettosi dsar
ayys.
gorerreesodaritttly, to an aninnoeispehepesrdseas.rsive system of direct taxation, or their
influence,ilyThtehepiarympoeon'terofantdaxes,ofteothe
most
inconvenient and oppressive mode, will be exacted in
place of contributions for the most part voluntarily made, and
therefore comparatively unoppressive. The States are empha-
tically the constituents of this Government, and we should be
entirely regardless of the objects held in view by them, in the
treat ion of this Government, if we could be indifferent to their
good. The happy effects of such a measure upon all the States,
would immediately be manifested. With the debtor States it
would effect the relief, to a great extent, of the citizens from a
heavy burthen of direct taxation, which presses with severity
on the labouring classes, and eminently assist
in restoring the
genAeorailmpmroeiasdpertietyadva
nce would take place in the price of the
oSotma tee soenceuer i tmi e
os
r,
eas
and theit
shouldattitude
e ve
the'ofr
be, Stateslofty and would be.
ero.
•
With States labouring under no extreme pressure from
,dcobuti,u tehietahfuleud,tiecehmicht,othielyop,wevotuldti derive our this source
en): condition
concerned,i"al
emr-
e n t degree. So far as this. Gove'ritn'
propriations to domestic objects approaching in amount att:
revenue derived from the land tales might be abandoned, and

thus a system of unequal and therefore unjust legislation
would be substituted by one dispensing equality to all the
members of this Confederacy. Whether such distribu-
tion should be made directly to the States in the proceeds
of the sale,, or in the form of profits by virtue of the operations
of any fiscal agency haying those proceeds as its basis, should
such measure be contemplated by Congress, would well deserve
its consideration. Nor would such disposition of the proceeds
of the sales, in any manner, prevent Congress from time to
time from passing all niceSsary pre-emption laws for the benefit
of the actual settlers—or from making any new arrangement
its to the price of the public lands which might in future be
esteemed desirable. . . .

The state of the Navy pension fund requires the immediate
attention of Congress. By the operation of the Act of the 3d
of March, 1837, entit'ed "an Act for the more equitable ad-
ministration of the Navy Pension Fund," that fund has been
exhausted. It will be seen, from the accompanying report of
the Commissioner of Pensions, that there will be requirt d, for
the payment of Navy pension, en the first of July next,
84,006 06 1-3 dols , and the first of January, 1842, the sum or
60,000 dole. In addition to there sums, about 6,000 dole. will
be required to pay arrears of pensions which will probably be
allowed between the first of July and the first of January,
1842, making in the whole 150.006 06 1-3 dole. To meet
these payments, there is, within the control of the Department,
the sum of 28,040 dols. leaving a deficiency of 121,966 06 1-3
dole. The public faith requires that immediate provision
should be made for the payment of these sums.
In order to introduce into the Navy a desirable efficiency,
a new system of accountability may be found to be indispen-
sably necessary. To mature a plan having for its object the
accomplishment of an end so important, and to meet the just
expectations of the country, require more time than has yet
been allowed to the secretary at the head of that department.
The hope is indulged that, by the time of your next regular
session, measures of importance, in. connection with this
branch of the public service, may be matured for your consi-
deration. _

Although the laws regulating the Post-Office Department
only require from the officer charged with its eirection to re-
port at the usual annual session of Congress, the Postmaster-
General has presented to me some facts connected with the
financial condition of the Department, which are deemed wor-
thy the attention of Congress. B y the accompanying report of
that officer, it appears the existing liabilities of that Depart-
ment, beyond the means of payment, at its command, cannot be
less than $500,000. As the laws organising that branch of the
public service, confine the expenditure to its own revenues,
deficiencies therein cannst be presented under the usual esti-
mates for the expenses of Government. It must therefore,
be left to Congress to determine whether the moneys now due
to the contractors shall the paid from the public Treasury, or
whether that department shall continue under its present em-
barrassments. It will be seen by the report of the Postmaster-
General, that the recent lettings of contracts in several of the
States, have been made at such reduced rates of compensa•
tion, as to encourage the belief that if the department was re-
lieved from existing difficulties, its future operations might be
conducted without any further call upon the gene-al Treasury.
The power of appointing to office is one of a character the
most delicate and responsible. The appointing power is even
more exposed to be led into error ; with anxious solicitude to
select the most trustworthy for official station. I cannot be sup-
posed to possess a personal knowledge of the qualifications of
every applicant. I deem it, therefore, proper, in this mot
public manner, to invite, on the part of the Senate, a just
scrutiny into the character and pretensions of ever person
I may bring to their notice in the regular form of a no-
mination for office. Unless persons every way trust-
worty are employed in the public service, corruption and
irregularity will inevitably follow. I shall with the greatest
cheerfulness acquiesce in the decision of tha.s body, and re-
garding it as wisely constituted to aid the Executive Depart-
ment in the performanCe of this delicate duty, I shall look to
its " consent and advice " as given only in furtherance of the
best interests of the country. I shall also, on the earliest pro-
per occasion, invite the attention of the Congress to such mea•
sures, as, in my judgment, will be best calculated to regulate
and control the Executive Power in reference to this vitally
important subject.
I shall also, at the proper season, invite your attention to
the statutary enactments for the suppression of the slave trade,
which may require to be rendered more efficient in their provi-
sions. 'There is reason to believe that the traffic is on the in-
crease. Whether suth increase is to be ascribed to the aboli-
tion of slave labour in the British possessions in our vicinity,
and au attendant diminution in the supply of those articles
which enter into the general consumption of the world, thereby
augmenting the demand from other quarters, and thus calling
for additional labour, it wee • needless to inquire. The high •
est considerations of public honour, as wed as the strongest
prompiit ga of humans' v, require a resort to the most vigorous
efforts to suppress the trade.
In conclusion. I beg to invite your particular attention to the
interest of this District; nor do I doubt but that in a liberal
spirit of legislation you will seek to advance its commercial as
well as its local interests. Should,Con,gress deem it to he its
duty to repeal the existing Sub-Treasury la,v, the necessity of
providing a suitable place of deposit for the publi'- moneys,
which may be required w:thin the District, must be apparent
to all.
I have felt it due to the country to present the foregoing
tepies to your consideration and reflection. Others with
which it might not seem proper to trouble you at an ex-
traordinary session, will be hid before you at a future day.
I am happy in committing the important affairs of the coun-
try into your hands. '1 he tendency of public sentiment, I
am pleased to believe, is towards the adcption, in spirit of
union and harmony, of such measures as will fortify the
public interests. To cherish such a tendency of pub-
lic opinion is the task of an elevated patriotism. That dif-
ferences of opinion, as to the means of accomplishing these
desirable objects, should ex'st, is reasonably to be expected.
Nor can all be made satisfied with any system of measures;
but I flatter myself with the hope that the great body of the
people will readily unite in support of those whose efforts spring
from a disinterested desire to promote their happiness—to pte.
serve the Federal and State Governments within their respec-
tive orbits—to cultivate peace with ail the nations of the earth
on just and honourable grounds—to exact obedience to the
laws—to entrench liberty and property in full security and,
consulting the most rigid economy, to abolish all useless ex-
penses.
Washington, June 1, 1841. JOHN TYLER.

APPOINTMENTS BY THE GOVERNOR AND
SENATE.

MAY 25, 1841.
NEW YORK.—JohnlA.lSchuylero Notary Public, in place of
John A. Magher.
A. Cordon Hammersley, Notary Public.
Francis H. Peckwell, Caller of Staves and Heading.
KlNGS.—Benjamin D. Stlliman, of Brook4n,Examinar in
Chancery, in place of Abraham D. Soper.

MAY 27, 1841.
So!on Grout, of Rockingham, Windsor county, Vermont
Commissioner of Deeds for the State of New York,

NEW YORK MONEY AND COMMERCIAL NEWS,
NEW YORK RATE OF SALE OF STOCKS, JIJNIE I.
Dols.
21,000 Indiana Sterling Bonds ...
5,000 do. ...... do.
5,000 d 0... ...Dollar s 90 60i
1,0(.0 do. ~ _Long Bonds
90 shares Delaware and Hudson 102
125 do do. 1021
100 ....d0.......N0rth American Trust
75 do do ......... lll,
425. —do U. S. Bank b 60 214
45 do do, ...... ~.
35 do Canton Company
100 do Vicksburgh . 74
200 do do
25 do Mohawk 7l
100 do ... ............................................ 13 60 721
200... do Patterson Railroad .....„ _ ~.,. 54"
.....
40... .d 0... New Jersey, R R B3
50 do N. Y., Boston and Prov.„ ~ 32i
5 do Boston and Providence..„, 9Bi
85 do. _Harlem R. R„ 29i
3,000 on Philadelphia t1.51/
Second Board.
25 shares United States Bank
16 do Bank of Commerce full... 100
75 .....do .North American Trust ll6
50 do .
50 do 's icksburgh
25.. —do do
50 do Leng Island Railroad •
100 d 0...... .Harlem R R

and as that Journal asserted that any forbear-
ance might be ascribed to the Sovereign, we
have its authority forr saying that her MA-
JESTY has heartily assented to an appeal to
her people, whether the exigencies of the State
shall be provided for in the least burthen-
some manner. Her MAJESTY, with all
the authority of the Crown, is fairly committed
to the principles of the Whig Budget, which
have been so unceremoniously condemned by
the monopolist House of Commons. From
the monopolists an appeal is made to the
electors, who will have to decide whether
the taxes shall or shall not be wisely
and fairly levied. But as her MAJESTY takes
our side, and the taxes cannot be levied on
the monopoly principle without constraining her,
the electors must also decide whether her MA-
JESTY is to have other Ministers, to whose princi-
ples she is opposed, forced on her by a new House
of Commons. To continue the present system the
Crown must be coerced. The Tory monopolists ap-
peal to the electors to destroy at once the rights of
the Crown and the rights of the people. As in the
olden time, the Crown is now allied with the
people to resist the aristocracy, and the people
will be eternally dishonoured if they submit to
the monopolists and allow them to coerce the

QUEEN.
There are certainly not wanting examples in
our history of Ministers being forced. on the
Crown, but in those cases the Ministers were on

the popular side. The bulk of the community,
and justice, were with them. Whatever support
the monopolists may obtain in the counties, the
great majority of the people are against them,
They. are buoyed up by no enthusiasm in
a supposed good cause. They have no
proud consciousness of rectitude, no - solemn
conviction of duty, to encourage them in
their opposition to the Throne. They
seek to preserve a monopoly, which they know is
both odious and unjust. Their motives are the
most sordid, and the most remote from enthu-
siasm. They are at once dishonest to the people,
and disloyal to the Sovereign. To bear up against
disloyalty and dishonesty they have only their
own. ambition and their own avarice. Their
bond of union is that of banditti, and the instant
they suppose they are safe, they will quarrel for
the plunder.
Her MAJESTY has done her part, the electors
must now do theirs. Whoever votes for a bread
taxer, votes against the QUEEN. Whoever votes
fbr dear sugar, votes to coerce her MAJESTY.
Whoever votes for the monopolist ship-owners,
votes both to plunder the people and oppress the
QUEEN. No nation ever had a holier cause than
ours, and Britons must have lost all respect for
the Throne, and all respect for principles of mo-
rality, if they constitute a House of Commons
on the principle of maintaining unjust laws, and
forcing her MAJESTY to acquiesce in them.

We have not considered the comparative
statements of the reductions of taxation lately
trumpeted forth by some Whig and Tory jour-
nals as of much value. Unless such statement:
be accompanied by a complete knowledge of ali
the circumstances on which the reductions were
made, they are as likely to cause an erroneous as
a correct impression. The Tories are said, for
example, to have reduced the taxes subsequent
to the war some 20,000,0001. sterling, while the
Whigs are alleged to have reduced them only
about 7,000,0001. in ten years. But it was surely
much easier to reduce 20,000,0001. on an expen-
diture of 70,000,0001., than 7,000,0001. on
an expenditure of 50,000,0001., with equal
establishments, and which, according to the
Tories, was the lowest possible point to
which expenditure could be carried. It,
after the Tories had reduced the taxe..!
20,000,000/., alleging that arwther farthing could
not be spared, the Whigs had reduced taxation
1,000,000/., instead of 7,000,000/., as their op-
ponents admit, they have deserved well of the
country. Unless, therefore, the reductions pre-
viously made by the Tories be taken into ac-
count—and the greater they weje, the greater
the merits of those who made still further re-
ductions—the conduct of the Whigs in reducing
taxation cannot be duly appreciated.
Another circumstance, for example, which in-
fluences the merit of the rival parties---the only
point in dispute—is the character of the Opposi-
tion during their respective periods of Govern-
ment. When the Tories were in office, the Op-
position was continually urging economy, and
forced them, by out-voting them in some cases,
to make those reductions for which the Tory
scribes now give their party credit. Thus the
repeal of the Salt-tax, of the Leather-tax, of the
Irish Window-tax, &c., &c., in 1822, was forced
on the Tory Government by the Whig and
Radical Opposition, and the merit of those and
of almost all the reductions made while the
Tories were in office, really and truly belongs
to the Whigs.
While the Whigs have been in office, how-
ever, the Opposition, far from forcing the Govern-
ment to be economical, has been continually
abusing it for its saving spirit, and continually
urging on a greater expenditure. In Parliament
and out of Parliament, the Tories have exclaimed
against, our too much reduced establishments,
and have never voted for a single reduction, ex-
cept that of the proposed allowance to Prince
ALBtliT. Even on that point they resisted
Mr. HUMVS proposition to make the Prince's
income 20,000/. From this plain statement of
well-known facts, it follows that the greater por-
tion of the merit of the Tory reduction is really
due to the Whig Opposition, while all the merit
of the reductions made by the Whigs is exclu-
sively their own. Now, unless these circum-
stances be remembered, the statements made by
our Contemporaries must produce an erroneous
impression.

The principles and the inclination of the Tories,
whether in office or in opposition, tend to in-
crease the public expenditure with the sphere
of the Government operations. Their nds-
elaievous propensities require the perpetual curb
of economical opponents. One of the last peti-
tions presented to the monopolist Parliament
was by Sir R. INGLIS for Church extension, and
one of the first acts of the Tory Government, if
it be true to its principles—if Sir ROBERT PEEL
believe what lie has often asserted, namely,
that it is the first duty of the State to provide
for the religious instruction of the people in
the principles of the Church of England—must
bn to vote a sum of money to build churches and
endow parsons. The surest way to prevent that,
and every similar waste of the public resources,
is to keep the Tories out of office; as the surest
way to make rhatever Ministers are in power
economical, is for the electors to be above bribes,
and to insist that their representatives shall not
vote away the public money. The Whigs may
be made more economical, and the Tories may
be taught not to take a single farthing from a
confiding people which is not' required for the
public service, if electors determine to support
only men who, like Mr. HUME, will steadily
resist every wasteful 4nd dishonest application
of the public money.

We direct attention to a communication con-
cerning the county of Middlesex. It will be a
disgrace to the Radicals and Whigs if the me-
tropolitan county do not return two Reformers,
as heretofore, and an indelible disgrace to them if
they do not try, at least, to give Mr. BYNG a
reforming colleague.

We have received a tile of the New Zealand
Gazette, to the 30th 01. Jan, inclusive. A slight
disturbance had taken place between the civil
authorities and some natives. It appears that a
Dr. TAYLOI, had been robbed of some goods by a
native, and on complaining to the Magistrates an
order to arrest the culprit was issued. He resisted,
and being aided by his associates escaped. The
chief Magistrate, Mr. MURPHY, accompanied by
PrT, and three soldi,r,i, with i:‘1)r!
constables, went in pursuit of the -robber.
On arriving at where he was concealed, the
soldiers were ordered out of sight till the effect

of the Mtkgistrate's pregri.nee upon the natives
could be tried. iYhtn the cOi_istables approached,
one of them was attacksd b y a native with a
-;
spear, upon which Lieutenan t J3EST drew his
sword to defend him. The native rushed upon
the officer, and threw him down, ~vhen another
native snatched the scabbard of his sword and
made off with it for the bush. A shot fif:Tl one
of the soldiers obliged the fellow to drop' the
scabbard, but the contest ended with the escap'`'•
of all the culprits. This is the only affray which
we believe has yet taken place between the
settlers and the natives.
The following article from the New Zealand
Gazette of the 16th of January, is important as
showing the agricultural prospects of the colony.
Port Nicholson at that t;me boasted of support-
ing thirteen inns and. public-houses, and two re-
spectable clubs, one of which is called the " Pick-
wick Club" :
We do not think we have ever seen finer oats, barley,
and wheat, than is growing up the Hutt. The ears of
the wheat are six inches long, and the straw nearly
four feet high ; the oats and barley we did not measure,
but some wild oats we measured upon the top of the
Tinakori range some weeks since we found to bc-, three
feet two inches, high, and were nearly ripe.
It has generally been allowed by persons who have
visited various parts of New Zealand that they have not
seen any land surpassing the valley of the Hutt in fer-
tility of soil. It was supposed however, the expense of
clearing would prevent its being cultivated at present.
Some persons estimated the expense at 701. per acre,
but one good agriculturalist added that if it did cost that
sum, it would still be a profitable mode of investing
capital, so high was his opinion of the pro-
ductive power of the soil. Experiment is settling
the question ; land is being well cleared and.
fenced at twelve pounds per acre, and it is our
opinion it will be cleared for very much less when per-
sons are practised in the trade, We expect to- see it
cleared at 51. per acre ; for though the trees are often
large, there is not near the quantity of wood to be
found upon an acre in an American pine forest, which is
commonly cleared and fenced at three to four pounds

per acre.
We hope in a few months to be enabled to report a
large quantity of land under cultivation, as several en-
terprising settlers are now busily occupied upon this im-
portant branch of colonial prosperity. We are satisfied
that a very few years will find the Hutt sending out
20,000 quarters of wheat, and as many tons of potatoes.
It must not, however, be overlooked that we have a large
and important agricultural population in the natives.
They have done much for us in the way of clear-
ing land ; in this very harbour they have saved
us an outlay of thousands of pounds. They
are skilful in the trade, and foreseeing a
greatly increased demand, have been sedulously
employed in clearing and planting large tracts of country
this season. We have no doubt that the produce of the
harbour will this year exceed all our wants, in addition
to which we know of about seven hundred tons of
potatoes which during the season will be brought into
this market, and be disposable for shipment to the other
colonies. It is quite evident the uncertainty of demand
which existed before this Island was regularly settled as
a British colony, was the main cause of the natives not
producing on a yet larger scale than that for which, as
a savage, the New Zealander has long been celebrated.
Our coming here has been attended with a material in-
:ease and improvement in their warts, only to be sup-
-oplied by- .an increase of labour, which they are seen at
ing, in the most profitable manner for
once to be app:" They have acquired a strong pre-
themselves and' us. r and bread, they have much
'Election in favour of Ito: as they have seen
clear land, and we doult. n©t soon
become purchasers
grain converted into flour, th4cy
of seed wheat, and in a very short time t.2lltribute a large
quantity of grain to the mills of this efettlem,:ut•

The Levant Mail has at last arrived, bringing lb.
and papers from Constantinople of the 27th, from Alex":
andria of the same date, from Sinyrna of the 29th ult.,
and from Malta of the 6th instant. We have likewise re-
ceived advices from Syria of the 14th, and from Athens
of the 30th ult. The whole mass of news from the Medi-
terranean does not, politically speaking, amount to much.
On the 22d ult, according to one report, and the 21st,
according to another, the Divan at Constantinople drew
up a new firman, in conformity with the wishes of the
Great Powers, conferring upon M EHE MET ALI the here-
ditary government of Egypt. This firman is reported
to consist substantially of five articles to the following

effect:—
Article 1. The hereditary possession of Egypt is gua-
ranteed to MEHEBIET Am and to his descendants, as
Governors under the SULTAN, in a direct line.
2. MEHEMET ALI is to have the authority of nomi-
nating to all offices, civil, • military, and naval in Egypt,
up to the rank of a Colonel in the military service, and
its corresponding grades in the other services. Higher
ranks, and the title of Pacha, is only to be conferred by
the VICEROY, with the consent of the SULTAN.
3. The annual tribute to be paid by the VICEROY IS
80,000 purses, or 40,000,000 piastres, it sum equal to
400,0001. sterling.
5. The laws and regulations of the Ottoman gmpire
are to be observed in Egypt, with such changes as 11,e
peculiar habits and dispositions of the Egyptian peoplO
may render necessary, which changes can only be allowed
after they have been submitted to the consideration and
received the sanction of the Sublime Porte.
The amount of tribute is enormous when the impo-
verished condition of Egypt is considered, and still more
when it is borne in mind that no part of it is to go t 9 de-
fray the expenses of the local Government. Our ad-
vices from Alexandria would lead us to conclude that
MEHEMET ALI would refuse to pay such a sum.
The news from the Greek capital is of considerable
interest. It appears that King OTHo, whom all the
world took for a fool, is about to turn out a
great warrior, charged with the holy mission of restoring
Greece to that height of glory from which her own in-
ternal divisions contributed more to hurl her, than the
vigorous, all-corrupting policy of Macedon, or the world-
subduing genius of Consular Rome. On Sunday,
the 23d ult., his Hellenic MAJESTY, his QUEEN, and all
his cou;!. attended a performance at the theatre, the
proceeds of v...1.1ich was to be remitted to purchase arms
r the insurgent Candiotes. About
and ammunition
sterling) were collected, of
10,000 drachmas
wchriibche who is model of generosity, sub-
QUEEN goot and the Prince Royal,
sub-
scribed ThHis °,
out of his travelling pocket-money,
;90.1- M. LAGRENE,
er of the corps
the French Minister, was the onlymera,
diplomnatique present on the occasion. As o the KING,
he is _said to be mad for a war with the Turks, find, en-
tertains a conviction that for him is destined the g,,-Iry
of hoisting the Greek flag upon the highest turrets 01
the Mosque of St Sophie.
A letter from Rhod6, 16th ult., in the Smyrna Journal,
mentions that two or three pirate boats had lately bern seen
prowling about the island. The same Journal has also a com-
munication from Salonica under date of 14th ult., saying, " We
have not received intelligence cf the Greek Admiral Canaris,
who uas sent out in April by his Government inchase of a num-
ber of pirates who had made their appearance in the Gulf of
Vol.", and even approached Scopelo and other neighbour-
ing islands. The French brig of war La Flecks, Captain
Bret. sailed hence on the 3d, to make a cruise in the gulph,
and is daily expected to return. The Austrian sloop Lipsie
arrived on the 11th from Smyrna; none of the ships which
have come in were met by pirates, but it is asserted that a
Greek schooner was plundered by one of them in the bay of
Ca dad
only a w hours' sail from Salonica. The Cap-
tain is said to have been robbed of 3,000 drachmas and his
provisions."

The Paris Journals of Monday have all been received,
but their contents arc of little interest. We have like-
wfsd received the following news, by an express from
Paris, 16, e d yesterday :
The Bill authorising the Government to expend 501,320,400 f.
(20,00(1,000/. ),
extraordinary works, was passed by the
Chamber of Peers on .3ionday,by a majority of 93 to 23.
Our acnttritsfrom Algiers Pf the 14th instant state that the
and Milianah were proceed-
military Operations round Medea;
wart of the Arabs ; t
cceding without any opposition, on thb-
of June, when they
they would last the entire of the month
were to be suspended until autumn. of
niversary
The Austrian Observer mentions that the at..
the fete of the Emperor of Austria was celebrated at ...n°n'tan-
tinOple Stith great pomp on the 30th ultimo, by Baron t?tur-
mer, the Atititrian internuncio.
The Angsburgh Gazette of the 19th, under date Vienna
14th, contradicts the report of disturbances in Macedonia and
Thessaly.
The collective opinion of the French press, and of all the
men capable of forming one on the subject, was, that the
Eastern question will not have been settled by the ultimatton
sent. to Mehemet Ali by the Porte.
By the ordinary Madrid mail of the 15th we learn that the
Minister of Finance had rejected the two propositions of an
adVante of funds, made by the capitalists and the Bank, but
that a tiltrthint had agreed to lend the Government a sum
of 10,000,006 efeat4: The widow of General Mina was pre-
paring to return to (.4,cflinna, having declined accepting the
office of governess to the Fnung Queen. The Chamber of
Deputies adjourned for some days on the 15th.
The Five per Cents. were done on the 15th at 26 1-16th a
for cash, and 261 at 60 days'.
According to advlees from Barcelona of the 15th, public,
tranquillity had net been diitarbed in that city since the ith,
but the manufacturing associations had addressed memorials
to the Regent urging him to adopt severe measures against
smuggling, and to introduce no alteration in the tariff.
BOURSE P ARIS, MONDAY, JUNE 19.
f irst Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Prick Price
F erch 5 per Centel ~ ~, 114 (0 114 65 ... 14 50 ... 114 50
4 per Cents i;l/ :30 ... 99 30 99 20 .. 99 so
3 per Cents. ex. div 76 80 .. 70 t•O ... 76 5.1 ... '76 50
of France 52.31 50 ..22-'2 50 ...3,22 50 ..3212 5.;
Lattitte Ranh 1,0001. St ares 1075 ...1075 ...RIO ...1070
%nem'. tit,ares 5165' ...5!65 ...5I 65 ...5165
5 per cento.
New Loan lOl4 ... 1 114 101'4
inznish Active Yk% i 3
...
5
Passive 1,4 514; 514
olitan
Neap
10114 ... 102 ...10114 ... 102
or6abRAILWAY SHARES.
200 ... • 1•0 ... 198 '75 198 75
535 0:25 ... 225
155 •
45 ... 45-3
.167 50 481 SO
- , 230

Versailles, LB
R. B
louen
testis 487 50 .. 4t,
itrasburg to 8a1e... 2it 25 ... .31125 ...

Their _Majesties the King and Queen of the Delp,
and Suite are expected to arrive in town on a visit to
her Majesty either to-day or to-morrow,
A Privy Council is appointed to he held at two O'clock
this afternoon at Buckingham Palace, at which it is ex-
pected a Proclamation will be issued for summoning the
new Parliament.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer has left town to at-
tend his election at Portsmouth.
WiNTmrcc,ITER ELYCTION.—We are informed tint
t 1:11num.;;:t.1 iii _ii
self as a candidate for 'Westminster, has tin chance
whatever of being returned. his appearanm, theref ore,
at the present moment as a candidate oil the Libcild