The Sun.
London, England, 1849-03-01 00:00:00

FRASER.

In an elaborate notice of Mr. Edward Gibbon
Wakefield's recently published " View of the Art of
Colonization," Fraser gives a succinct resume of the
various plans of colonization which have at different
times been adopted by this country, and comes to the
conclusion, in which every man who has studied the
subject cannot but agree with him, that of all the
plans that have ever been proposed, the plan, or
rather the no-plan of attempting to govern distant
colonies through the medium of the Colonial. office,
in Downing-street, is by far the worst. In the days
of yore, our forefathers, " those thoughtful men," as
Mr. Charles Buller called them in his great speech
in 1843, whenever they planted a colony took care
before leaving their native shores to secure by char-
ter the right of local self-government, and the full
enjoyment of local municipal institutions, in the
English home across the Atlantic which they were
about to found ; the only condition imposed on the
full exercise of self-government being, that the laws
they should enact for the government of the colony
should not be contrary to the honour and dignity
of the Crown of Great Britain. In return, the
colony undertook to defend itself by means of its
militia, thus saving the mother country the expense
of keeping up enormous garrisons to defend the fron-
tier. A colony thus planted offered so close a resem-
blance to the Home Government that colonists of a
better class willingly settled. Then noblemen were,
in many instances, the founders of colonies, and the
emigrants included capitalists, professional men,
traders, mechanics, and labourers. Society was gra-
duated from the first almost as in the mother country,
save that in the colony it was much more easy for
the enterprising and industrious to ascend a step or
two in the social scale than it is in England. In fact
in the colonies ascent in the social scale was the
rule, not the exception. It was thus that the
colonies now constituting the United States
were founded. It is upon the principles con-
tained in the original founders' charters that each
state is now governed, and the superiority of the old
plan over the new centralization system becomes
manifest on comparing the progress of the United
States (either as colonies or as independent states)
with that of any one of the British colonies under the
rule of the Cdonial-office. We shall perhaps be
told that a militia force would be utterly inadequate
to the defence of the colonies. In answer to this we
point to the example of the United States as British
colonies. By a militia force they not only defended
themselves against the French on the northern fron-
tier, and against the Indians on the south and east,
but they actually conquered and kept Canada, for the
handful of regular troops which formed portions of
the army of Wolfe and Amherst were as nothing
in proportion to the colonial militia, and when,
previous to the appointment of Wolfe to the
command, the regular troops had been de-
feated and compelled to retreat, the colonial militia,
under Washington, drove back the French Canadians
across the frontier, and successfully invaded them in
turn. It was this militia which, under Washington,
defeated army after army of regular British troops,
and compelled George 111. to acknowledge the inde-
pendence of their country—an independence they
would never have sought to obtain, had not the British
Minibter endeavoured to introduce among them a Co-
lonial-office system of centralization, and to deprive
them of the right of local self-government in violation
of their charters. It was this militia that subsequently
baffled the veterans of the Peninsular war at Balti-
more, and defeated the elite of the British regular army
at New Orleans, and recently in less than two years
overran the whole of Mexico, defeating army after
army and general after general that were opposed
to them, and dictating their own terms of peace
to the enemy in his capital. This alone is sufficient
to show the admirable adaptation of the militia sys-
tem to the wants of the Anglo-Saxon colonist, and we
think that the day is not far distant when we shall
see it adopted in all our colonies (as contradistin-
guished from military garrisons and plantations) both
on the Atlantic and the Pacific. It is evident that if
we wish to have colonies which shall be an aid to,
instead of a burden on, the mother- country, we must
emancipate them from the irresponsible and inefficient
but at the same time capricious and annoying rule of
the Colonial- office,:and leave them to govern themselves
so far as their internal administration is concerned,
and to preserve the peace and defend the fron-
tier within their own territory ; treating
them, in short, as separate states united
with England in one grand imperial federation for
imperial purposes, and for imperial purposes only, in
the same manner that the separate states of the Ame-
rican Union are united in the federal Government of
Washington. With regard to colonization for the
future, it would be well to revive the old plan of colo-
nizing by charter, securing to the colonists the right
of local self-government before they leave the shores
of England ; and it cannot but be regretted that the
authorities of the Colonial office should have been so
careless and incompetent, and utterly ignorant of
everything with which they ought to have been ac-
quainted, as to sacrifice Vancouver's Island, which was
of all others the place the most admirably adapted
for colonization after the manner of our forefathers.
The importance of this subject has led us far beyond the
limits which we had originally prescribed for our-
selves, and we have only space, therefore, to bestow a
general commendation on the remainder of the arti-
cles in Fraser for March, and to point out as espe-
cially worthy of perusal a biography of Catullus (we
might almost call it an autobiography, as his own
works furnish the materials), which is a model of
classical criticism. We hope the author will in-
duced
be
to do for the other Latin poets that which he
has so admirably done for Catullus.

CO WES, ISLE OF WIGHT.
~
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESI,O HINEONDTET,.)
REMOVAL OF THE COURT ISLE OF
WIGHT.
COWES, FEB. 28. Her
iclay next. The Majestyroyal and suite are ex-
pcct( d to arrive at Osborne on
tradesmen, the select few, have
articles for the royal table on received orders to supply
n that day. The Royal
Family aro expected to remain at Osborne about a fort.
night.s East Cowes Castle, which has been taken by Mr. Jr.
H. Smithhers for a boarding-house, has a good many
hands employed on it to prepare it for the royal and
noble visitors for the coming season.
ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON INTELLIGENCE.
The secretary has sold John Quantock, Esq.'s cutter
yacht Naiad, of 70 tons, to Robert M'Andrew, Esq , of
Liverpool ; and Sir harry Buhl lloghton, Bart.'s cutter
yacht Noran, to J. C. Beresford Esq., of Coleraine;
Lord Seaham's schooner yacht Coral Queen, 117 tons,
to Lord W. Beresford; Captain C. 11. Williams's cutter
yacht Lark, 65 tons, to John Tomline, Esq.; and R.
Alexander, Esq., M.P.'s cutter yacht Eudora, 59 tons, to
Peter Fitzrobert Row, Esq.
We have this day been visited by a tremendous gale
of wind from the S.W. The ships in the roadstead ride
well, being under cover of the land, but there has been
a woful destruction of tiles and chimney-pots on shore,
and much danger of broken heads. Only one steam-
pacliet has arrived from Portsmouth to-day.
The subscription commenced by her Majesty Queen
Adelaide to aid the widows and orphans of the two
pilots who were drowned in Freshwater Bay, amounts to
early 2001.

HER MAJESTY'S LEVEE.
The Queen held a Levee (the second this season)
yesterday afternoon, in St. James's Palace.
Her Majesty and Prince Albert arrived from Buck_
n
ingham Palace shortly before two o'clock, attended by
the Duchess of Norfolk and Lady Portman, Ladies i
Waiting, Lord Camoys, Lord in 'Waiting, Lord George
Lennox, Lord in Waiting to Prince Albert, Mr. R.
Ormsby Gore, Groom in Waiting, Colonel Wylde,
Groom in Waiting to the Prince, Colonel the Hon
Charles Grey, Equerry in Waiting, Colonel Seymour,
Equerry in Waiting to his Royal Highness, and Messrs.
Crofton and Gordon, Pages of Honour in Waiting.
At St. James's Palace ber Majesty and his Royal
Highness were received by the Lord Steward, the Lord
Chamberlain, and the Groom of the Stole to the Prince.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge was pre-
sent at the Levee, attended by Major Baron Knesebeck,
Equerry in Waiting. His Royal Highness the Heredi-
tary Prince of Parma also attended the Levee.
The Queen and Prince Albert entered the Throne.

room, accompanied by the Duke of Cambridge and the
Prince of Parma, and attended by the Ladies and Gen-
tlemen in Waiting.
The Levee commenced by the introduction of the
Foreign Diplomatic Circle, when the following presen-
tations to her Majesty the Queen and his Royal lligh-
ness Prince Albert took place:—
By the Neapolitan Minister, Prince Petrulla a Sici-
lian nobleman from Palermo. ,

By the Danish Minister, M. de Treschow, Conseifler
de Conference, Plenipotentiary of his Danish Majesty;
and M. Hopfner, Conseillor et Attach&
By the Peruvian Minister, Le Colonel Beltran, Secre-
tar,y of the Peruvian Legation; and M. Henry Caravedo,
Attache to the Legation.
The following noblemen and gentlemen had the honotti
of being presented to her Majesty:--
Sir William Curtis, by Sir John Lubbock.
Dr. Fetherston Stonestreet, LL.D., by the Queen's
Advocate.

Mr. Edward Bucknall Estcourt, by his father, Mr.
Bucknall Estcourt.

Mr. William Alexander Tinkler, on his appointment
as one of her Majesty's Hon. Corps of Gentlemen-at-
Arms, by Lord Foley.

Mr: Augustus de Pentheny O'Kelly, on his appoint-
ment as one of her Majesty's Hon. Corps of Gentlemen-
at•Arms, by Lord Foley.

Mr. ralr-nan on his appointment as Clarenceux King
of Arms, by the Earl Marshal.
Mr. Francis Bennoch, on his appointment to the Court
of Lieutenancy of London, by Mr. David Williams Wire.
Mr. Bunbury, by Lieutenant-General Sir Charles
Napier, G.C.B.

Viscount Templetown, by th© Hon. Col. G. Upton.
Sir Henry Light, K.C.8., on leaving the Government
of British Guiana, and on being made a K.C.8., by
Earl Grey.

Sir Beiesford B. M'Mahon, by Lieut.-General Sir
Thomas M'Mahon, K.C.B.

The Hon. Algernon Annesley, 16th Lancers, by
Lieut.-Colonel Smyth, C. 8., 16th Lancers.
Mr. Peter Wells, by Major-General Wernysa.
Lord Ashburton, on succeeding to the title, by Sir
Francis Baring.

Mr. Jervis Imos, by Sir Thomas Pelham Hayes.
Mr. George King Thornhill, by Sir Thomas Pelham
Hayes.

Thorton, on appointment as Deputy Chairman of
the Ireland Revenue Board, by the Chancellor of the
Exchequer.

Rev..J. H. Gurney, on his presentation to the Rectory
of St. Mary's, Marylebone, by Lord John Russell.
The Rev. Arthur Clive, by Mr. Clive.
Mr. W. 11. Holmes, civil service, British Guiana, by
Earl Grey.

Mr. Alexander Clark Forbes (barrister-at law), by
Dr. Forbes.

Mr. Peter Mazy, jun., High Sheriff of the city and
county of Bristol, by Mr. P. W. S. Miles, M.P.
Mr. John H. Haire, surgeon, Royal Navy, on service
since promotion from the Royal Yacht, by Sir William
Burnett, K.C.H.

Mr. Quintus Vivian, Major, Northamptonshire Militia,
by Colonel Sir J. M Wilson, C.B.
Mr. John Wood, on appointment as Chairman of the
Board of Ireland Revenue, by the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer. _ _

M. Philip Crawley, Coldstream Guards, by Colonel
Chaplin, Coldstream Guards.

Di. O. H. Junco, Deputy Lieutenant of Hants, by Sir
James Clark.

The Rev. George Augustus Frederick Hart, on being
appointed Chaplin in Ordinary to her Majesty, by the
Duke of Norfolk.

The Rev. John G. Angley, M.A., by the Right Hon.
the Earl of Besborough.
The Rev. Henry blackenoie, Vicar of St. Martin's-in-
the-fields, by the Bishop of London.
Lieutenant Buckley, Scots Fusilier Guards, ou his
appointment, by his father Colonel Buckley.
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Rowan, on being no-
minated a Civil Knight Commander of the Most Hon.
Order of the Bath, by the Right Hon. Sir G. Grey.
Lieutenant-General Sir James Caldwell, on his in-
vestiture of Grand Cross of the Bath; Major-General
Sir Archibald Galloway, on receiving the ho-
nour of Military Knight Commander of the Bath ;
Lieutenant-Colonels Bloomfield and Sandhouse, on pro-
motion; Captain Burrows, on return from foreign ser-
vice; Captain Elgee, on return from foreign service and
promotion; Lieutenants Milman and Miller, on promo-
tion; Lieutenant 11. Renny, on promotion; Lieutenants
Paget L'Estrange, Grylls, Boyle, F. L'Estrange, and
Irvine, on receiving their commissions, Royal Artillery,
by the Master-General of the Ordnance.
Lieutenant-Colonel J. M. Cameron, on his return
from India; Captains George Clarkson and John de W.
C. J. Moir, by Sir John C. Hobhouse.
Lieutenants R. Inglis and IV. Morris, by Major-Ge-
neral Llewellyn, C.B.
Vice-Admiral Dacres, on his return from the com-
mand at the Cape; Rear-Admiral Falcon, on his promo-
tion; and Captain Charles Eden, R.N., on his appoint-
ment as private secretary, by the First Lord of the Ad-
miralty.
Lieutenants G. 11. L. Boynton, Lester Garland, W. S.
Brinkley, end Cornet Eyre Coote, 11th Hussars, by the
Earl of Cardigan.
Captain John kingcome, R.N., on his return from fo-
reign service; Lieutenants Henry B. King, John Cart-
wright, and Christopher, R.N., on return from foreign
service, by Rear-Admiral Dundas.
Major Walpole, on promotion; Captains Jervois and
Robert Laffan, by Sir John Burgoyne.
Lieutenant-Colmel Willes, on return from service in
Ireland; and Second Lieutenant Pryce, on appointment
to the Royal Marines, by Colonel Owen.
Colonel James Campbell, K.H., on his return from
Ceylon and China; and Lieutenant Orde, on promotion,
by the Adjutant-General.
Commander G. Napier, by Vice-Admiral Dacres.
Captain Thomas Henderson, R.N., on return from
foreign service, by Captain Pechell,
Captain Lord Burghersh (Scots Fusilier Guards), by
Colonel Berkeley Drummond.
Lieutenant Palley, on receiving his commission to the
Royal Artillery, by his father, Major- General Sir
Charles Pasley.
Ensign W. Henry Cecil Pecbell, on appointment to
77th Regiment, by Captain Pechell,
Ensign D. A. M'Neill (15th Regiment Madras In-
fantry), by Mr. Lockhart, M.P.
Cornet T. Puget (15th Hussars), by Lord Radstock.
Lieutenant Lowndes, 47th Regiment, on promotion, by
Major-General Delmer, C.B.

Ensign Gawler, 73d Regiment, on appointment, by
his father, Colonel Gawler.

Lieutenant Pitt Bontein, on his appointment to the
Hon. Artillery Company, by the Postmaster-General.
Captain Augustus Hotham, by Lord Hotham.
Captain Ellis, on his appointment to the Hon. Artillery
Company, by the Postmaster-General.
Lieutenant Heaviside, 16th Lancers, by Lieutenant-
Colonel Smyth, C.B.
Cornet Puget, 15th Hussars, by Lord Radstock.'
Colonel Sir Duncan M‘Giegor, on being appointed a
Knight Commander of the Bath, by the Right lion. Sir
George Grey.
Lieutenant J. M. Taylor, 9th Regiment Madras Na-
tive Infantry, by Major-General IL G. A. Taylor, C. B.
Lieutenant Bampfylde, 49th Regiment, by Lieutenant-
General Sir E. Bowater,
Sir Charles J.
Lieutenant Bowden, 22d Regiment, by
Napier, G.C.B.
Lieutenant F. G. Whitehead, 7th Royal Fusiliers, on
his return from foreign service, by Lieutenant-General
T. A. Paul Macgregor. Rorai Marines, on
Lieutenant Robert W. B.
Hunt,tment by Rear-Admiral
Sir •'
Thomas Feh
appointment ,
i eßoyalute n a Marines, on
Sirr -
1 owes, C.B.
Lieutenant-
General from foreign
JohnL-Liiee
uußttueencnhaaannntt,lljlas:.7,:e:BrficCr-701,v:19..c.teb7; abß3y'el:Lri'm en t by
A. Paul Macgregor, on his re-
turnby Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas
from India,
Clement Strong, Coldstream Guards, by
Lieuteln'aanutl.
Lieutenant-General
J..
INl'Mah on, K.C.B.
Captain Richard Clement Aloody, Royal Engineers,
on his return from the Government of the Falkland
CoCloanpetlaiCnbaplin.
Islands, by Earl Grey.
Cornet Robert Goff, 16th Lancers, by I L'eutenant-
Captain Cowan, 97th Regiment, by
Colonel Smyth, C.B.
Sir A. Galloway, K.C.B. Major-General
After the Levee Captain Phibbs bad an audience of
the Queen in the Royal Closet, kissed hands on his ap-
pointment, and received from her Majesty his Silver
Stick of Office as Exon of theßody Guard of the Yeomen
Guard. Captain Phibbs was presented to the Queen by
the Marquis of Donegal, G.C.11., Captain of the Yeomen
Guard.
Lieutenant Bellairs was presented to her Majesty at
an audience in the Royal Closet, by the Marquis of
Donegal, G.C.H., and had the honour of kissing hands
on his appointment, and receiving from the Queen his
Silver Stick of Office as Exon of the Body Guard of the
yeomen Guard.

Captain Augustus Hotlu.m had an audience of the
Queen in the Royal Closet, and delivered to her
Majesty the Ensigns of a Knight Grand Cross of the
Most Hon. Order of the Bath, worn by the late Admiral
Sir William Hotham.
Tho Queen and Prince Albert afterwards left St.
James's Palace on their return to Beckingham Palace.
Her Majesty and his Royal Highness were conducted to
the garden entrance by the Lord Steward, the Lord
Chamberlain, and the afters of the Royal Household on.
duty.

AWFULLY SUDDEN DEAru.—On the night of the
23d inst., Captain D. M'Adam, of the 49th Regiment,
i
stationed at Templemore, went to bed n his usual good
health, and was found dead on the morning of the 24th,
when his servant went to ct,ll him. T. O'Meara, Esq.,
coroner for the district, held an inquest on the 25th with
a respectable jury, when a verdict of " Death by a Tic-
lent lit of apoplexy" WM xeturned,