The Sun.
London, England, 1847-12-25 00:00:00

StYN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING,_ DECEMBER $l5l

land. The duties, however, of all without exception,
as they are contained in the code of Christian mo-
rality, come within the legitimate sphere of the
priest's instructions. With regard to the observation
of some not being amenable to the discipline of the
Catholic Church, I have only to remark that justice
and humanity do not exclusively belong, or at least
should not, to any peculiar body of Christians, and
that the inculcation of those duties should form the
theme of every pastor's instructions. True, the
Catholic pastor cannot subject the violators of justice
or humanity not belonging to the Catholic Church to
its rigorous penances and satisfactions, but that does
not preclude his right of denouncing aggressions
on the rights of justice and humanity belonging
to his flock from any quarter. Such was the feeling,
such too the practice of the ancient fathers who de-
nounced the cruelties and persecutions of pagans and
heretics against their flocks without thinking they
were guilty of any inroad on the rights of others.
"I fear I have tired your Lordship; if so, I re •
spectfully crave your kind indulgence. My very pro-
lixity will impress your Lordship with the conviction
that I am anxious that our conduct should not stand
in an unfavourable light with a nobleman whose here-
ditary zeal for the glory of the Catholic Church, and
the good name of its priesthood, is well worthy of the
many accumulated titles to respect which he has in-
herited from his ancient house.

" I have the honour to be, my Lord, your Lord
ship's most respectful and obedient servant,
"JOHN ARCHBISHOP OF TUAM.
" To the Right Honourable the Earl of
Arundel and Surrey."

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Uhler the Management of Mr. R. Webster, sole Lessee.
MONDAY EVENING,

Will be rerfbrmed Sheridan's Comedy of THE RIVALS. Sir An-
thony Absolute, Mr. Farren ; Captain Absolute, Mr. H Farren ;
Faulkland, Mr. Creswick ; Acres, z. Webster; Sir Lucius O'Trig-
ger, Mr. Hudson ; Fag, Mr. Rrindal ; David, Mr. Keeley ;
4.tiaprop, Mrs. Glover: Lydia Languish, Mrs. Nisbett ; Julia, Miss
Fortescue ; Lucy, Mrs. Humby.
To conclude with a New and Original Burlesque Spectacle entitled
THE WORLD UNDERGROUND; or, the. Golden Flute and the
Brazen Waters.

Stage Manager, Mr. Farren ; Acting Manager, Mr. F. Web:ter.
J. T. Archer, Box-book keeper.
Boxes, ss. ; 3s. ; Gallery, 2s. ; Upper Gallery, Is.
Doors open at Half-past Six, Performance to commence at Seven,

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPJII.
Under the direction o: Madame Celeste.
ON MONDAY EVENING.

Will be presented an entirely new Piece, entitled the PEARL OF
THE OCEAN ; or, the Prince and the Mermaiden. Principal cha-
racters by Messrs. Waye, P. Bedford, Wright, Munyard, Glennaire,
Cullenford, and Worrell ; Miss Woolgar, Miss Emma Harding, Miss
Ellen Chaplin, Mrs. Laws, and Madame Celeste.
To conclude with an Italian Pantomime, entitled PIERROT, the
Married Man; and POLICIIINELLO, the Gay Single Fellow.
Boxes, 45.; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is.

Doors open at Halt-past Sir, Performance to commence at Seven.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the Management of Madame Vestris.
Sole Lessee, Mr. Charles Mathews.
MONDAY EEENING,

Will be presented new Comic Drama, entitled THE TRA-
GEDY QUEEN.
After which, a New Fairy Extravaganza., entitled THE GOLDEN
BRANCH.
To conclude with a Comic Drama, called A ROUGH DIAMOND.
Dress Boxes, ss. ; Upper B•xes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. N•
half-price to any part of the house.
The Icew Box-office, No. 2, Wellington-street, is open t• the
rablic evt.ry day, from Ten till Six.
The Interior of the House has been entirely re-designed by Mr. W.
Bradwell of the Colosseum.

PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
MONDAY EVENING,
Will be presented the Tragedy of THE GAMESTER. Mr. Be-
verley, Mr. Cooper ; Stukely, Mr. Ryder ; Lewson. Mr. Conway ;
Bates, Mr. C. Fisher; Jarvis, Mr. Gilbert; Dawson, Mr. Norton;
Mrs. Beverley, Miss Emmeline Montague ; Charlotte, Miss Susan
Cushman ; Betty, Miss Somers.
To conclude with a new Christmas Pantomime. entitled OLD
FATHEit TIME; or, Harlequin and the Four Seasons.
Dress Circle, 55.: Boxes, 45.; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.

Lessee, Mrs. F. Davidge, So. 1, Davidge-terrace, Kensington-road,

Surrey.
MONDAY EVENING,

Will be performed the Tragedy of THE EARL OF WARWICK.
King Edward, Mr. F. Vining ; Earl of Warwick, Mr. H. Hughes ;
Duke of Clarence, Mr. Constantine ; Earl of Pembroke, Mr. H. Horn-
castle ; Margaret of Anjou, Mrs. W. West.
To conclude With a new Pantomime, entitled BATTLEDOOR and
I3HHTTLECOCK ; or, Harlequin Trap, Bat, and Ball.
A distinct entrance to the private boxes has been made (which
have been re-fitted). Private boxes may be had nightly •f all the
srincipal Librarians ; and at the Box-. Size of the Theatre, which is
open daily from Ten until Four.
Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is. ; Gallery, 6d.

ASTLEY'B ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Proprietor and Manager, 1l r. William Batty.
Mr. Batty's performing Elephants.
MONDAY EVENING,

The Grand Spectacle of THE CAMP OF 3tLESIA.
Entirely new Scenes in the Arena, by the talented Artistes of
the t.statillahment. in the various modes of equestration.
To conblude with a Grand Equestrian Comic Pantomime entitled
HARLEQUIN DOCTOR SYNTAX AND HIS DAPPER GREY
MARE, In which those popular artistes Herr Dentin, Mdlle. Theo-
dore, Mr. Anderson, and Mr. Bradbury, as Harlequin. Columbine,
Clown, ann Pantaloon, which will exceed in splendour and effect
all former productions at the Amphitheatre,
Box-office open from 11 till 5
Acting and Stage Manager, Mr. W West.

111 E WEATHER.—SuN OFFICE, DEC. 25
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 35:; Highest, 37 ; Noon, 36.
BAROMETER, 30 2.—WIND N.N.E.; cloudy.

'I. ;II WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Morning.. 53 minutes after 3 f Evening .. 19 minutes after 4,

THE

work and vaticination, the reviewer gives a rapid
enumeration of the occurrences which have led to
the present position of our more prominent statesmen.
He calls to recollection the facts that, from the period
of the dispersion of Lord MELBOURNE'S Government,
in 1841, Sir ROBERT PEEL steadily and gradually
introduced a comprehensive system of reform; that
with these liberal intentions he gave us the revised
corn-law of 1842, even at the cost of losing the adhe-
sion of the Duke of BUCKINGHAM ; that be, in like
manner, and with a similar object, granted the boon
of the Canada corn-law in 1843, and remitted the
duties on foreign cattle and meat in 1844; that, upon
the same generous principles of administration, he
proposed the permanent endowment of Maynooth,
and prepared the way, indeed, for the most salutary
and enormous innovations. After recapitulating
those particulars which will render the Parliamentary
and Ministerial history of the winter of 1845-6
for ever interesting, the Edinburgh Review enters
upon a consideration of the relations at this moment
existing between public men and political principles.
It regards the separation between Sir R. PEEL and
his former supporters, the Protectionists, as perma-
nent, and their ideas as henceforth irreconcileable,
" The breach betwqen him and the main section of
his followers was complete," says the writer; " they
would not be led by him ; he did not wish to lead
them. Neither of the two parties to the quarrel was
willing to be reconciled. He could not apologise
for a deliberate act; and they were too angry to
accept any apology, or even to wish for one." This
is the only natural and obvious conclusion which can
be arrived at in reviewing the dispersion of the
Conservatives. The Protectionists were men of such
obsolete and antiquated prejudices, that it became
essential for the national good that they should be
compelled to stand aloof from the body of the popular
representatives, that they should be so placed, in
fact, that they might squabble and revile to their
heart's content, but, at the same time, not stand in
any manner in the way of the popular movement.
Sir ROBERT PEEL, on the contrary, and his immediate
colleagues, became merged in the cause of liberality.
He himself became at once and for ever the Man of
the People. The very term Peelites was merely em-
ployed as a convenient and temporary distinction in
the list of Parliamentary returns. Virtually and
actually, Peelites were already synonymous with
Liberals. And all this was the result, not of any
sudden tergiversation on the part of the late Prime
Minister, bat of the policy of which his whole career
has been the development—the policy of gradual
reform and progressive improvement. It appears to
us as absurd to call Sir ROBERT PEEL a renegade
from Toryism, as it would have been to call CHRIS-
TOPHER COLUMBUS a renegade from Europe, when he
was conducting his followers to a New World across
the billows of the Atlantic. Liberality has been the
America of Sir ROBERT PEEL, and the doctrines of
Free Trade have been his Bahamas. From the very
outset of his political career he has struggled to reach
the hemisphere of these constitutional reforms. He
has pushed onwards towards the land which he has dis-
covered for his partizans, after traversing the broad and
fruitless wastes of Conservatism. And we are
scarcely carrying out the parallel to too extravagant a
nicety when we say that the revised Corn-law of
1842, and the Canada Corn-law of 1843, and the
amended tariff of 1844, were to Sir ROBERT PEEL
what the bamboos, and the green branches, and the
scarlet berries were to COLUMBUS—tokens of his ap-
proach b the region of his aspirations. Now that
this distinguished. statesman has realised bis original
intentions; now that the new Ministry has reached
the second session of its existence; and now that a
new Parliament has stabilitated the Cabinet by af-
fording it a certain and powerful majority, we have
little doubt as to the future success of the Liberal
party, and coincide in the opinion expressed by the
Edinburgh Review, that that party has " gained an
advantage, which, if properly improved, must,- for
some time to come, ensure its preponderance in the
State."

On Thursday the minimum rate of interest at the
Bank of England was reduced to five per cent. This
change will be productive of the greatest benefit to
the commercial classes, although the rate is still much
higher than that which could be maintained for any
lengthened period without the most serious injury to
the trading and manufacturing interests. As, how-
ever, the improved position of the Bank with respect
to the amount of bullion in its coffers, which cannot
now be far short of 12,000,0001. sterling, and also its
very large reserve on hand, warrants the ex-
pectation that a further reduction will speedily
be made, we trust that there is at least
the prospect of a better state of affairs, and
that employment may again be afforded to the
industrious operatives who have hitherto been com-
pelled to submit to so many privations, in consequence
of the baneful operation of our monetary code. Those
who are striving to divert the public attention from
the real causes of the financial difficulties we have so
lately experienced, and which still exist to a
very great extent, will blame the directors
for this step. The Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, who would readily consent to

any sacrifice that would tend to the maintenance
of the much-loved Act of 1844, would gladly have
it believed that much of the national distress has been
occasioned by overtrading and undue speculation
This was the chief cause which he assigned to the
Newcastle deputation, on the memorable occasion
when he assured them that " the worst was then past,''
and, subsequently, it was alluded to in a similar
manner when the Right Hon. Baronet was moving
for a Special Committee to inquire into the causes
of the commercial distress. The resolution now adopted
will, therefore, be in direct opposition to his views,
and will probably increase his anxiety, to cast an
additional censure upon the directors, and still fur-
ther to abridge the discretion and power that yet
remain in their hands. The public will, however,
regard the matter in a very different light, and
will receive the tardy but welcome boon with plea-
sure and thanks ; and should it be followed up by a
liberal policy, the directors will be relieved
from much of the odium to which they have been
subjected by their former conduct, which, however,
was not altogether optional, a.s it was rendered ne-
cessary to their own safety by the provisions of the
latest Bank Charter Act.

Although, however, we may have a transient re-
turn of prosperity, and our factories and mills may
be restored to activity for a brief period, there can
be no permanent or lasting improvement until the
fatal Act of 1819 is erased from our statute-book,
and we are provided with a circulation adequate to
our wants. An experience of many years has proved
to us that a contracted currency is incompatible with
the safety and happiness of the people ; that
its effects are such as were so forcibly de-
picted in the celebrated petition of the mer-
chants, bankers, and traders of the city of
London against the Act of 1819, when they stated
" that it would tend to a forced, precipitate, and
highly injurious contraction of the circulating
medium of the country," and " that the consequences
of such contraction would be to add to the burthen
of the public debt, greatly to increase the pressure
of the taxes, to lower the value of all landed and
commercial property—seriously to affect both public
and private credit—to embarrass and reduce all the
operations of agriculture, manufacture, and commerce,
and to throw out of employment (as in the calamitous
year 1816) a great proportion of the industrious and
labouring classes of the community." It would be
impossible for the historian to narrate with greater
accuracy the results of that fatal measure than was
foreseen by those experienced and sagacious men.
Since that period, when their remonstrances were
slighted, and their prudent councils treated with con-
tempt, we hail periodical returns of distress and
visitation. Y increasing in intensity with each succee ling
We have seen the impending dangers only
averted by a bold and liberal
policy, by an extensive
issue of bank notes ; and when
prosperity was thereby
the country
py
restored, and all the great interests
once more began to flourish, the sam o
insane
was again pursued. The notes whicwhhdry
adnpsrn o dr ohe
from
such happy results were gradually ith
circulation, the value of money was enhaneedNVhirnle
N e everyNv difficulties other
arose,
r o
s e merchantso f property
and manufacturers
were compelled to sacrifice their property for far less
than its real value, in order to be enabled to meet the
engagements into which they had entered under very
different circumstances—production ceased—the

great body of the people could no longer obtain
profitable employment—and a general stagna-
tion took place, which was again remedied
by another expansion of the currency, as if
the Legislature had determined that the coun-
try should no longer be cheered by those transient
gleams of prosperity; that there should be no possi-
bility of relief in the dark hour of distress ; that
low prices should be stereotyped, and all those
dependent on their daily labour for their daily bread,
kept on the verge of starvation. The powers which
had been exercised with such magical effect were
abrogated. In 1825, a circulation of one-pound
notes preserved the national credit. Such notes were
rendered illegal, and could no longer be issued.
A considerable increase of the active circulation of the
Bank had repeatedly restored confidence, and brought
about a better state of things. Such an increase
was prohibited unless based upon bullion, and the Bank
Directors were compelled to keep a large quantity
of specie lying idle in their vaults, the prudent use of
which would have produced the most beneficial re-
sults. There must, then, be a total change in our
monetary code. The Act of 1819 has led to re-
peated fluctuations that have been attended with the
most disastrous consequences, but there were inter-
vals during which some relief was obtained. The
Act of 1844 has rendered such relief impossible, and,
if not totally repealed, must ultimately lead to a na-
tional bankruptcy, and render the State unable to
discharge the interest of the debt owing to the public
creditor.

Letters from Berne state that Sir STRATFORD
CANNING is still in that city, and that he has in some
measure succeeded in soothing down the bad feelings
which have hitherto subsisted between the different
parties. His recommendations to the Diet, to treat
the Sonderbund cantons with moderation, has been
listened to with attention ; and it is evident that the
Diet will be more willingly guided by the friendly
advice of England, than by the threatenings of the
other Powers. The conferences which were to have
been held in Paris on the affairs of Switzerland have
been suspended, in order to leave Sir STRATFORD
CANNING free to act as he may see proper.
It would appear as if the Jesuits, during their
reign in the Sonderbund cantons, had revived the
Inquisition with all its ;horrors of secret denun-
ciations and secret murders.

At the fall of Friburg, Colonel COURANT was
found languishing in the prison of the town. This
brave and honourable veteran bad drawn upon him-
self the anger of the Jesuits by the frank manner in
which he expressed Liberal opinions. Nothing more
was necessary to occasion his arrest.

" I was confined," writes the Colonel, "in a damp,
dark, and most unwholesome dungeon, and so low
that I could not possibly stand in it upright. The
most-necessary articles of food were wanting, and I
was repeatedly near dying of starvation. My iron
constitution upheld me, but I not the less have left
the prison with pains in my chest, the end of which
must prove fatal to me.

" Almost all my companions in misfortune at the
same time as myself fell a victim to the confinement.
"I never underwent any interrogatory, and no ex-
press accusation was brought against me. My old
comrade, Colonel Rilliet, who opened my prison doors
for me, has had a minute examination made in the
papers of the Government to find something against
me, but he found nothing but a ',Ater which denounced
me as having some influence over my friends in the
locality which I inhabit."

Such is the regime for the restoration of which M
GUIZOT would involve Europe in war.

The Madrid papers of Thursday had not arrived in
Paris when the post left. Barcelona papers of the
18th had, however, been received. They stated that
on the 14th the united bands of MARSAL, EsraaTAs,
and Box were surprised and routed by the column of
Santa Coloma in the district of Oson, and that seve-
ral of the factious were drowned in the Ter in endea-
vouring to escape across that river. A number of
insurgents had made their submission in the province
of Barcelona, and ten men of the band of BoQuics
had presented themselves at Bourg Madame, in France,
and surrendered their arms to the French authorities.
Among them were Colonel ALMENA and another
officer.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.
The KING has completely recovered from the slight
attack of cold under which he was labouring, and
on Thursday transacted business with his Ministers
as usual.

The Union Monarchique says—" The salons of
Count MOLE were opened last night to a numerous
company. Count Molds is to receive twice a weak
—on Tuesdays and Saturdays. On Monday be had
an audience of Louis PHILIPPE, which lasted an
hour. The health of Count MOLE is perfectly re-
stored,and would not be an impediment to his resump-
tion of office. But, notwithstanding his assiduity
at Court, M. GUIZOT manifests but little uneasiness
at the favour enjoyed by his rival, not to say his
adversary !"
The Presse and the Constitutionnel announce the

death, at Parma, on the 17th instant, of the Empress
MARIA Louisa., the widow of NAPOLEON. She had
the Sovereignty of the duchies of Parma and Pia-
cenza conferred on her for life by the Treaty of
Vienna. She was the sister of the reigning Emperor
of AUSTRIA.
There have been Reform banquets at Chalons-sur-
Soane, Grenoble, Roanare, and Vienne. They were
all numerously attended. At Chalons nearly 1,000
persons sat down to dinner, and at Grenoble more
than 1,000.

The Minister of Public Works is anxious, accord-
ing to the Presse, to delay as long as possible the
completion of those lines of railway which have been
undertaken by the Government. The works neces-
sary for that portion of the road between Paris and

Rennes, comprised between Pontgoin and La Loupe,
were adjudicated on the 27th instant to MM. LE.•
BARBIER and Lassos, of Mans, at the price of
1,150,000 f. But M. JAYR, the Minister of Public
Works, has announced to the contractors, that he is
ready to cancel the security for the completion of the
works, the budget not being sufficient to defray the
expenses at this moment. The Minister has approved,
by a decision of the 16th of December, the definitive
plan for the works of the Western Railroad between
Connere and Auvours. The cost of those works will
be 640,000 f,, but he has exuunged the clause in the
conditions which axed the period for their comple-
tion ; and he has recommended the Prefect :of the
Sarthe not to adjudicate the contract until he shall
have received fresh instructions.

The French Government received on Thursday
from London news of the ratification of the postal
treaty recently concluded between the two countries.
The exchange took place at the Foreign-office on
the 20th instant. The treaty comes in force on the
Ist of January:next, from which day letters will be
transmitted twice every day between the two
capitals.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse
on Thursday at 75f. sc. ; New Loan, 76f. 30c. ;
the Five per Cents., 116 f. 60c. ; the Orleans Rail-
road Shares, 1,198 f. 75c.; Rouen, 900 f.; Havre,
467 f. 50c.; Great Northern, 646 f. 25c.; Avignon,
571 f. 25c.; Vierzon, 545 f.; Bordeaux, 485 f.; Basle,
165 f.; Paris and Strasburg, 4121. 50c.; Tours and
Nantes, 393 f. 75c. Paris and Lyons, 3981. 75c.;
Spanish Three per Cents., 30 ; ditto Domestic
Debt, 26i.

MARSEILLES, DEC. 18.—Marseilles and Avignon,
556 f. 25c. ; Northern, 551 f. 25c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC. 24.
Dutch Rhenish, 214—Luxembourg, 14—Namur and Liege,
4i—Northern of France, 11%—Orleans and Bordeaux.
I,i—Paris and Lyons. 534—Paris and Strasbourg, 4%
Rouen and Havre, 18) —Tours and Nantes, 31,42—West
Flanders, 15A.

DEATH OF THE ARCHDUCHESS

MARIA LOUISA.

The Paris papers of Thursday bring us accounts
of the death of the Archduchess Maria Louisa, widow
of the late Emperor Napoleon, and Duchess of Parma
and Placentia. This event occurred at Parma on the
17th. The illness of her Imperial Highness, which
commenced on the Bth, was a violent rheumatic fever,
complicated with an acute affection of the chest. She
was 56 years of age.

'he Archbishop of York is to toe enthroned on
Thursday, the 13th of the ensuing month, at the
cathedral church at York. His Grace has appointed
the following Sunday for an ordination at the Minster,
and nut at the archiepiscopal palace at Bishopthorpe,
where they were usually held by the late archbishop.
PENSION TO CAPTAIN MARRYATT.—The good ser-
vice-pension at the disposal of the Admiralty has been
given to Captain Marryatt, C.B.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS
CITY, QUARTER TO TIIREE.
The Cotton Market at Liverpool this week has been
moderately active. • Railway Shares have been flat.
Christmas day is a strict holiday in the City.
The following is an analysis of the Bank of England
return for the week to the 18th inst.:—
Notes issued
Increase
Rest
Increase
Public Deposits
Increase
Othei Deposits .., 8,606,976

Increase 169,600
Seven Day and other Bills 856,784
Decrease 4,487
Government Securities 10,998,214
Increase
Other Securities
Decrease 472,593
Notes 7,551,140
Increase
Bullion
Increase
Active circulation
Decrease .• 562,650

MARKET NEWS.—(THIS DAY.)
This being Christmas Day, no markets were held in
the metropolis.

and the proprietors of ]ands, routes, dykes, &c.,
&c , &c., the direction of these telegraphic lines, and
the establishment of stations necessary for the service,
and to submit them to the regulations given by the
Government relative to the direction of these lines.

" Art. 111. Contraventions of the present decree,
will bc furnished according to the dispositions of the
law of the 6th of March, 1818.
" Given at the Hague, Dee. Bth, 1847.

" WILLIAM."

HAMBURGH, KIEL, AND BERLIN.—ELECTRIC TE-
LEGRAPH.—Letters from Harnburgh state that the
railway directors of Kiel (Holstein) to Harnburgh,
and from that city to Berlin, have just concluded a
convention, the object of which is to establish an
uninterrupted electric telegraph line between Kiel
and Berlin. The Governments of the countries,
through whose territories these two railways pass
have already authorised the establishment of this
telegraphic line, the working of which is to com-
mence on the beginning of April, or perhaps even
before.

BELGIAN FUNDS.—Bacsszli, Dal. 22.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent ..........
Rothschild's Loan, Fire per Cent —
Loan of Thirty Millions, Four porCent •• • •
Ditto Three per Cent —
Ditto Thirty-seven Millions,ditto ••• • • •
Ditto,ditto,lB4o. .
Ditto,ditto,lB42 ••••• • • • . • 97%
Ditto, 1844.--........ ••••.• • • • 91%
Ditto, 1838 .....................
Ditto of the City, 1832 ........... .
Ditto, 1843 • •
Bank ofltelgiurn
Brussels Papers, Doe. 23.

THE LATE MURDER IN LINCOLN-
SHIRE.—APPRERENSION OF THE SUP-
POSED MURDERER.
KIRTON IN LINDSEY, THURSDAY.—The Coroner's
investigation into the circumstances attending the
horrible murder of Mr. Charles Copeman, residing at
Blyborough, in the public road leading from this
town to that village, was proceeded with yesterday
afternoon, before Mr. H. C. Holgate, the county
coroner. A young man named Joseph Travis, the
son of a widow who occupies a respectable farm in
the neighbourhood, has been apprehended on suspicion
of being concerned in the murder. The subjoined are
the brief facts adduced by the several witnesses, all of
which are purely circumstantial. On the evening of
Saturday the deceased was at the Greyhound Inn, Kir-
ton, with Travis and three or four other persons. De-
ceased and Travis had some words, and were about to
fight, when friends interfered and the dispute ended.
He left about half-past eleven, and was noticed going
towards the Red Lion, Travis remaining at the Grey-
hound. Between twelve and one he was noticed
standing by the Red Lion. Before this, Travis had
left the Greyhound, and was afterwards noticed con-
versing with the unfortunate man. Their road home
was the same, the deceased having the longest dis-
tance to travel. On the following morning, shortly
after nine o'clock, a labouring man of the name of
.Whelpton,. in proceeding to Kirton along a road
leading from Grayingham, had his attention drawn to
a dog sitting upon the body of a human being in a
ditch by the side of the road, by the poor beast
growling as he approached. The face of the corpse
was downwards, and the dog was seated on the back.
Whelpton endeavoured to examine the body, but the
snarling and barking of the faithful creature pre-
vented him, he being fearful that it would bite.
To return to the conduct of Travers, it would
appear that before he was suspected, he made a state-
ment respecting the deceased of a very contradictory
nature. It was stated that on the Sunday morning
he changed a sovereign to pay a Mr. Hotchkiss three
shillings which he had borrowed of him on the previous
night. He is said to have worn a pair of drab trou-
sers, but none of that description could be found at
his residence. A striped shirt which he had on
could rn t he seen, and it further appeared that a
pair of his boots was missing. A bruise was disco-
vered on his right collar bone, his throat scratched,
both hands similarly injured, and a cut on his right
hand. He was described to have arrived home on
the Sunday morning about one o'clock, and seemed
to be tipsy. The state of his dress at that period
could not be ascertained. On being searched, two
sovereigns were found in his packet, and in the course
of the Sunday morning a third sovereign was picked
up in the vicinity of the Red Lion. It may
be observed that during the day he was perceived
walking about near where the sovereign was found.
Further inquiries and search brought to light a buck
horn-hafted and two-bladed penknife, which was dis-
covered near where the murdered man was lying. In
the blood under the head of deceased was detected
part of the end of a penknife, and which corresponded
in size and make with a broken blade of the knife in
question. It was besmeared with blood, and it was
shown that on the 10th ultimo Travis purchased it in
Kirton. The police found at his residence a pair of
drab trowsers answering the description of those worn
by the accused on the night of the murder. They
were in a drawer in the prisoner's bed room, and they
appeared to have been spunged in many places. A
pair of garters worn by the prisoner were produced,
one was stained apparently with blood in kneeling.
The proceedings, after lasting several hours, were
adjourned.
The relatives have offered a reward of 1001. for
detection and conviction of the murderer, and no
doubt her Majesty's Government will also offer a
similar amount.

tices and others, that such consent was duly g;ven.
The concluding clause (the 11. th) is the formal one
to amend or repeal the Act. In the schedule is the
form to be filled up by a shareholder assenting or
dissenting to contracts for now works.

SCOTTISH PATRIOTIC SOCIETY.
FOR IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF THE
LABOURING CLASSES.
SECOND YEARLY ADDRESS ON CROFT
AND GARDEN CULTIVATION.
The principles of cultivation and rural industry
recommended in the first address of the Patriotic So-
ciety, have proved of great practical benefit, during
the past season, to all who have adopted them. Such
crofters and labourers, who ,vere accustomed pre-
viously to grow only one green crop, potatoes have,
in 1846-7, raised a variety and succession of green
crops of great value for animal and human food.
They have shown that they can raise in the West
Highlands as flourishing crops of turnips, beet-root,
mangel-wurzel, carrots, parsnips, cabbage, &c., as are
grown in any parts of Britain. In some instances,
where the principles of spade husbandry, liquid ma-
nuring, green cropping, and stall feeding, as recom-
mended by the society, have been closely followed
out, splendid crops of Italian rye grass, potatoes, and
drumhead cabbage, have been grown in one year on
the same land, which, by ordinary cultivation, would
only have produced one such crop; and in one in-
stance that can be relied upon, the produce thus
raised from a quarter of an acre of land could not be
valued at less than 50/. Abundant encouragement
having been given the friends of the humbler classes
to promote, and the latter to adopt, such unques-
tionable rural improvements, the Patriotic Society
make the following general suggestions to crofters
and labourers :
Drainage—Whether you hold several acres of land,
or merely the 16th part of an acre, let it be your ob-
ject to work it upon the principles of high and pro-
ductive gardening. To effect this, your land must
be well drained ; without this, the rain that should
fertilize will stagnate, and thereby chill, canker, and
rot the seeds and roots of your plants. These draw
their nourishment from chemical substances in the
air and earth, and you must therefore supply the land
with these elements, if you would take frequent and
abundant crops off the ground. In other words, you
must enable the earth to nourish your crops, by
giving it the food which they require—this is done
by manuring, which may be divided generally into
two kinds, solid and liquid.
Solid Manure should be carefully collected from
animal and vegetable substances, decayed leaves,
burnt clay, weeds, ashes, peat charcoal, road scrap-
ings, woollen rags, sea weed, and other refuse. These
substances should be worked and mingled together,
and protected from waste by covering lap as much as
possible from wind, sun, and rain—a coating of coal
ashes or peat rubbish will be useful for this purpose.
Liquid Manure should be saved, by conducting all
the slops of the cottage, and the drainage of the byre,
privy, and midden, into a tank, which may merely
consist of a water-tight cask or barrel, sunk in the
ground ; or it may be more permanently formed in
the shape of an inverted bee-hive, built of asphalte, of
stone and lime, or of stones puddled with clay.
Liquid manure applied to crops in their various stages
of growth acts more rapidly upon them than solid
manure, which requires more digestion, as it were,
by the earth, before it can feed the fibres and roots of
plants.
Trenching with the spade is of far more benefit to
the land than ploughing, and wherever the plough
only has been used, or the spade superficially, you
must proceed to trench as deep as the soil is good—
say two or three spits down. Trenching two spits or
spades deep may be performed in -this manner :—Lift
the earth one spit along the top of the ground to be
trenched, and wheel it away in a barrow, to fill up
the hollow, which would otherwise be formed
at the lower end. When you have done this,
dig another length along the top, one spit
wide and deep, and wheel away the earth as before
directed. The top part of the land you are working
will now have been uncovered one spit down and two
spits broad. Standing in the trench, with the top
part of the ground you are working on your right
hand, dig and turn over number three from end to
end in the usual manner. Then begin number four
by digging it out, spit by spit, and laying it upon
the place of number three. This will bring number
three to the level. Beginning at the top of the
ground again, number five, a top soil spit, is turned
over into the trench from which number four was
taken, and when the whole of that line is finished,
number six, a sub-soil spit, is turned over on the top
of number five, and fills the place first occupied by
number two. This trenching may be performed by
one person, or by two individuals. The one, AB, a
little in advance of the other, turns over number
three, and is followed by his companion C D down
the trench, who turns number four over upon
number three. AB, still in advance, then turns over
number five into the place of number four. C
follows, and throws number six spit upon number
five. Trenching three: spits deep is done after the
same manner, but requires, the removal, in the first
instance, of three spits in breadth from the top of the
ground to be trenched, and two spits deep. The
spades used by the market gardeners in the neigh-
bourhood of London are very broad and deep, and
trenching as performed by them is the most perfect
method of working the soil which is anywhere
adopted, and accounts to a considerable extent for the
superior vegetable productions of those gardens. As
rain has a tendency to wash the fertilizing parts of
the top soil and of manure through the ground, and
below the reach of the roots of plants, deep digging
is necessary to bring the sub-soil to the top. A fork
or grape is frequently a very useful instrument in
turning up the sub-soil. A man having with a spade
turned over the top soil spit, may be followed by his
son, who may turn over the sub-soil with a fork,
which is found usefully to break the pan-soil below.
If the crofter or field-gardener is not able to trench
all his land two or three spits deep in one season, let
him be sure to sow such long-rooted crops as carrots,
beet root, mangel wurzel, parsnips, and Belgian
carrots, in the ground that has been deepest dug.
Your land being, it is supposed, well drained,
manured, and trenched, the next point of importance
is to see that you put down your crops at the right
times, and endeavour to raise successive crops during
the year from the same land. This may easily be
done, by adopting the principles we have laid down,
especially with reference to time of cropping and
keeping up the fertility of the soil by solid and par-
ticularly liquid manuring. IVe shall now give some
directions for—

SUCCESSION CROPPING.—You may raise two or
three crops off one plot of land, by adopting the
following plan :—Take advantage of the first favour-
able state of the weather and soil to plant come early
kind of potatoes. The sets should be smallish whole
potatoes, and should be planted so as to be below the
reach of winter frosts, being covered with ashes, fern
leaves, or something that will answer the same pur-
pose. Plant them in drills two feet apart, and one
foot between each set. Sow two rows of rye between
each drill, and water the rye well with liquid ma-
nure twice or thrice before February. In March
dibble beans on each potato drill three from each
other; or else, in April, sow one pea of Bishop's
dwarf kind between each potato set. If you have
no cow or pig to feed, and radishes can be profitably
disposed of, they may be sowed instead of rye be-
tween the potato rows.
'We must suppose that early York cabbages in Sep-
tember were planted six inches apart on a well-dunged
plot, whence they will he ready to transplant in March
between the potato drills, as the radishes will be
pulled, or the rye all used for the cow or pig by the
second week in May. Early York cabbages will
therefore be planted in its place about three feet
apart.
Drumhead cabbages having also been sown in Sep-
tember, must be transplanted in May to another bed
or out-corner. They must be carefully re-transplanted
again in June, so as to have the roots formed into a
bushy mass of fibres, that when finally planted out in
August, they may grow as well as if they lad been
planted out in May.
Suppose, then, the potatoes and rye planted in
October, or as early thereafter as may be practicable,
beans in March, or peas in May, the early York cab-
bages also planted in March, the latter will be ready
for use in June, and if used early, they will not
interfere with the growth of the potatoes.
As soon as a yard of the potatoes is lifted, take one
of the drumhead cabbages carefully from its bed,
make a hole on the potato drill, and holding the
cabbage plant upright, rake the earth lightly over its
roots, and without pressing it upon the roots, pour
liquid manure to settle the earth about the fibres of the
plant. Add more earth and liquid if necessary. If
this method be adopted before August, you may ex-
pect, after your potato crop, drumhead cabbages
weighing 10 to 201bs. each, and you may thus grow,
at one yard between each cabbage, 450 on the six-
teenth part of an acre. At Inverness such cabbages
fetch hi. and lid. each ; so that, taking the price at
hi. per head, the market value of this supplementary
crop will be 11. 17s. 6d.
By the system of cropping above described, you
may grow on the sixteenth of an acre, or on the same
space that is usually occupied by the potato crop
alone—
lst. A heavy crop of rye, or of ra lishc s.
2d. A fair crop of early cabbages.
3d. A full crop of early potatoes.
4th. A tolerable crop of dwarf peas, or beans.
sth. A good crop of drumhead cabbages ; and if
Jerusalem artichokes are planted in February, in the
centre of each drill between the rye, at one yard
apart, you may have-
6thly. A fair crop of Jerusalem artichokes ; and the
land at the end of the season in as good or better
order by a high system of manuring and cultivation
than it would have been had only the ordinary po-

tato crop been taken from it. Wi?bout. liquid
manuring, however, such productiveness cannot be
expected, as it is the key to successful gardening
and farming. Another point of great iinp.)rtance is
the frequent transplanting of cabbages with care, so
as to preserve the roots entire, and never planting
them in ;the ground except with liquid manure, as
above described. We have thus shown how the
holder of a small piece of ground may tura it to the
most profitable account. We shall not confuse his
mind by giving monthly directions for cultivation, as
these are supplied in the Industrial Magazine
of the society, &c., our object, on the present
occasion, being to show generally what has
been raised on even a small plot of ground, and what
therefore may assuredly, with the ..11mighty's
blessing, be raised by others by adopting the same
method of cultivation.

The crofter should prepare a piece of ground for
lucerne (see Industrial Magazine for March 1847),
and if he can produce some seeds or plants of tussack
grass to put out in a peat soil, he will find the crop a
treasure to him in due time.

Crofters and labourers, who adopted our advice last
season, of growing garden crops instead of potatoes
only, have found the advantage resulting from so
doing ; we shall therefore here merely remind them,
in addition to crops already enumerated, that the
rearing of carrots, parsnips, beetroot, onions, leeks,
turnips, kidney beans, and lettuce, should be kept in
view by them. If unable to sell lettuce, it grows so
rapidly, that it may be raised in the beds of beetroot,
onions, carrots, &c., and consumed before it could
injure those crops, by being given to the pigs
and rabbits, which thrive well upon it. Every
cottager, if he does not keep a pig, should endea-
vour to keep rabbits. A buck and two does will
supply him with a rabbit for his souo every
third day throughout the year, an object of great
importance to multitudes, who scarcely ever can
procure a morsel of animal food, and who, for want
of it, frequently fell into bad health. The manr re
and the skins of rabbits have been found to pay the
expenses of their keep, even where this has not been
done in the limited and economical manner within
reach of the cottager.
In conclusion, we ask the influential to co-operate
with us in our practical efforts to aid the humbler
classes, and we urge upon these industry and ex•
ertion. Enough has already been accomplished to
convince the most sceptical that, in the words of the
editor of the Gardener's Chronicle, this " soeietz
takes the right course to work out its great ends.
The exigency however is vast—may rich and poor,
therefore, aid—the one by their countenance and
pecuniary assistance, and the other by their labour and
economy.

Empfoyment upon public works may be given, and
tens of thousands may emigrate, but if the prin-
ciples of industrial development and of obvious and
economic rural improvements which we advocate be
neglected, the real cause of destitution will continue
unaffected, and masses of the population remain s
source of anxiety and expense to the country—them-
selves the wretched victims of ignorance and neglect.

SIR JOHN DAVIS AND THE
COCHIN CHINESE.
(From the China Mail Extra.)
HONG-KONG, OCT. 30.—His Excellency Sir John
Davis returned from Cochin China, in her Majesty's
steamer Vulture, this forenoon, at ten o'clock. We
have obtained the following memoranda of what oc-
curred :
" On approaching the harbour of Turon on the 9th
of October, the effects of the French proceedings in
April were visible in signals made from the tops of the
hills. Four new batteries had been commenced along
the N.E. side of the anchorage, and the small island,
called by French L'lsle de l'Observatoire,
was also
being fortified, but nothing was finished.
" Very little communication could be obtained with
the shore for about six days, the alarm at first being
evidently great ; in addition to which it rained inces-
santly, and so continued during our whole stay ; there
was besides a severe typhoon on the 23d.
" Two Commissioners arrived on the 15th, and on
the following day came on board. They invited the
Plenipotentiary to an entertainment and conference
on shore the next day (17th of October), when a very
handsome reception was prepared—the Commis•
sioners appearing in their dresses of ceremony, the
ancient costume of the Chinese. The first Commis•
sioner was assistant-member of the Board of Re-
venue, the second Treasurer of Kwangnan province,
in which Turon lies.
" The rains continued incessantly, impeding com•
munication, and the country was reported to be inun.
dated and nearly impassable. A large present to
the crews of the two ships of bullocks, fowls, hogs,
fruit, &c., was offered on the 22d, and accepted on
condition of a return being made, which was done ac-
cordingly. A party went on shore at Turon
on the 23d to view some very singular
marble rocks about five miles distant. In passing
the residence of the Commissioners a guide
was sent on board, and orders transmitted to at*•
ford every facility. These rocks rise at once out of
the sandy flat between the river and the sea, and are
covered in most parts with trees and luxuriant
vegetation, peopled by numerous monkeys. The
principal masses are five in number, of which the
one nearest the sea contains some splendid caverns
and galleries, which have been improved by art, and
the caverns converted into temples of Buddha. The
finest of these is quite a natural Pantheon, being A
dome of 80 feei high, lit from the top by—not one,
but—three openings. The floor is about 70 feet in
every direction, and has been paved. Several idols
and shrines of Buddha and his disciples adorn the
inside, and the whole is approached by an arched gal-
lery with descending steps at intervals. The entire
rock is laid out in a corresponding manner, with small
dwellings and gardens in the open and level spaces. It
unfortunately blew and rained during the whole visit;
and the party were sometimes glad of the shelter af-
forded by the caverns. On returning to the boats, the
wind had increased to a violent storm, and it was not es'Y
to proceed down the river. Half way down, tfue
party met two covered galleys, which had been chi.
patched for them by the Commissioners, and gladlY
availed themselves of one of these for shelter. On
reaching the residence of the Commissioners the gale
had become a perfect hurricane from the north-east.
They not only requested the party (including twenty-
four seamen) to remain the night, but provided dinner
and every accommodation in their power. No amid,
anxiety was felt for the ships during the night, as the
typhoon continued with increased fury, and towards
:our o'clock blew away the whole front of the build-
ing where the party was lodged, and of which the
bads portion only was solid, a considerable addition
having been made in front of bamboos and matting
for the occasion.
" On the 24th their hosts prepared another repast
for the party, but it became just possible to reach the
ships after the lull of the tempest, they were glad to
row on board, though with some difficulty. On the
morning of the 25th a boat came from the Commis-
sioners, bringing a few articles left behind in their
care. Early on the 26th the Ringdove was dispatched
to Singapore to meet the October mail from Hong-
Kong, and after taking supplies on board, the Vulture
left Turon harbour at daylight on the 27th.
" A strong impression has been made on this timid
and cautious people by the treatment they received
from the French in April last. They declare that
900 of their number were killed without provocation,
but the statement, being ex parte, may be received
with some allowance."

The three sections of floating breakwater, con-
anbdro Son,ugh t
byto the
virtue hammerof an yester-
strutted by Captain Taylor, and which have been so long
laya,iyngbyon Messrs. ourlaeach, were
Ridleyeven.
tion from the sheriff, and realised the sum of 1481.--*
Briglton Gazette.
THE JENNY LIND MANIA IN SWEDEN.—it ar
pears from our Swedish letters of the 10th instant, that
there
there is as great a demand for places at the box-doors of
the Royal Opera at Stockholm, as during the last
season" at her Majesty's Theatre in the Haymarket.
The managers of the theatre not only sell their tickets
of admission for the " Jenny Lind" nights at consider,
able premiums, but they have the effrontery to impose
a tax upon the granting of these tickets, at the average
rate of 3 rixdollars (7f. 50c.) per head. The crowd at
the public sale of the tickets for the second performance
of Mademoiselle Lind was so great that it was found
necessary to adjourn the proceedings from the vestibule
of the theatre to the interior of the house itself. The
spacious floor of the theatre was, for the time, trans-
formed into a regular auction mart. The tickets fetched
from 9 rixdollars (451., or nearly 405.) to 45 rixdollars
(2251., or 91. !) and the total receipts amounted to 11,095
rixdollars, or 55,475 f. (2,2190
We have received a letter this week from Francis
Coghlan, Esq., of London, conveying his intention of
immediately issuing his address to the electors of Stock-
port, as a candidate for their suffrages in the event of
Mr. Heald being unseated.—Stockport Mercury.
A BRAZILIAN STEAM-FRIGATE. -- LIVERPOOL,
THURSDAY.—A fine steam-frigate, built of wood, with
engines by Rigby, and built for the Brazilian Govern-
ment, was launched this day from the building-yard of
Mr. Royden, She is named the Affonso, after the late
son of the Emperor of the Brazils. Her burden is 884
tons; the model being somewhat similar to that of her
Majesty's ship Fury. her armament will consist of two
61 and four 32-pounders, with engines, &c., complete.
She is expected to draw twelve feet only. We ander.
stand that the Affonso is to be commanded by the Mar-
gills of Lisboa, the brother of the Brazilian Minister to
London.

" CAN SIZE MAKE A. PUDDING ?"—Women are sup-
posed to be very calm generally ; but women feel just as
men feel—they need exercise for their faculties, and a
field for their efforts, as much as their brothers do—they
suffer from too rigid a restraint, too absolute s stagna-
tion, precisely as men would suffer, and it is narrow-
minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say
that they ought to confine themselves to making pud-
dings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano
and embroidering bags. It is thoughtless to condemn
them or laugh at them, if they seek to do more or learn
m )re than custom has pronounced necmary fgt. Oar
BC X.—Jane .E.Yre.

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