The Sun.
London, England, 1847-04-07 00:00:00

idnt

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 7, 1847.

Never was Sovereign so tardily seconded, during
an insurrectionary movement, as MARIA DA GLORIA
of Portugal. SALDA.SIIIA is waiting for an accession to
his forces! say his apologists ; sAL,„,,,ux tarries
by the banks of the Douro for the better organizTes of his troops, and fur the more deliberate considael:an
tion of his aggressive plans ! SALD AN II A is "biding
his time" for a more fitting opportunity! SArasstsu.s.
is doing this, that, and the other, for such and such
reasons, all very wise, sagacious, and provident !
Pshaw 1 the arguments employed in palliation of
this very redoubtable, wise, sagacious, and provident
loyalist, are about as contemptible and valueless as a
" shotten herring." Why, a penny almanac is enough
to convict SALDANIIA of incapacity ! The mere enu-
meration of the days, and weeks, and months that
have lagged on since the commencement of his mili-
tary operations are sufficient, in all conscience, to pro-
claim the insignificance either of his skill or
his determination, or his army, or his courage,
or maybe all of them together. Prom the
first outbreak against the Government of Lisbon, the
followers of her Portugueze MAJESTY have insisted
hat the insurrection has merely originated in the in.

subordination of certain lawless guerillas, of sundry 1
radical municipalities, and of a few profligate and in-
solvent nobles. The Royalists have scorned to dignify
the disturbances with the name of civil war ; they
characterise them as nothing more than a local revolt;
they insist that the nation has no sympathy whatever
with the insurgents ; they contemn the latter as
creatures of an insolent junta, and a handful. ofi
ide-
signing demagogues. Such is the notoriousep rion
entertained by the Royalists ; and yet this miserable
benched and nobles, set the wholec .
nest of guerillas,
pennilessthis paltry municipality, thhievsaelrodue;
GLORlAjaant defiancey, during
January, February,
array
October, of
Queen
MARlANovember, December,p A
.
and March ! From the dropping of the autumnal.
foliage to the budding of the vernal leaves, the valiant
Field-Marshal of Portugal loiters along the southern
frontiers of the Minho. He comforts himself with
the evanescent eclat of a few skirmishes ; he compels
one of the insurgent chieftains to escape picturesquely
in an open boat ; and creates a perpetual ferment, in
the capital by his procrastination.
Nothing is clearer in these Peninsular transactions
than that either the insurrection is preposterously
underrated, or the military commander of Queen
MARIA is preposterously overrated. The outbreak
is mare like a national revolution than it was
originally described to be, or Marshal SALDANHA
has many of the characteristics of an imbecile, and
more of the qualities of a poltroon. One or other of
I these deductions is inevitable. While the Royalists
have been thus dallying with circumstances, and in-
juring, if not destroying, the cause of their Sovereign,
i the popular party within the battlements of Oporto have,
under the direction of DAS ANTAS, been developing
all their resources; they have been arming themselves
aggressively by discipline, and defensively by accu-
mulating supplies of provisions. Spring is advancing,
but not SALDANHA. The latter appears to be
coy in regard to an attack upon the embattled
city ; he has a partiality for warlike flirta-
tions, and promises at last, like every mili-
tary coquette, to jilt the Battle that has been
hovering so long about the suburbs of Oporto.
Rumours are afloat that it is the intention of SAL-
DAN HA to retire, if possible, upon Lisbon. Every
fragment of intelligence received from the Peninsula
is, however, so peculiarly suspicious, that we are dis-
inclined to regard even SALDANIIA himself as capable
of an act of weakness so flagrant and contemptible,
especially after the egregious parade of his promised
victory and vengeance. Meanwhile the expedition
under the Viscount DE SA has departed apparently
for the Algarves, but in reality (as is generally sup-
posed) for the interception of the QUEEN'S forces in
ease of any retrograde movement. Whether the Vis-
count DE SA will proceed by Aveiro, to establish him-
self upon the river Vouga for the molestation of the
Royalists during their retreat upon Lisbon, 'or not, it
is probable that some decisive step will be taken
forthwith for the settlement of these distracting em-
barrassments. Portugal cannot endure interminable
anarchy. Unless MARIA DA GLORIA obtain assist-
ance from foreign troops, or from more competent
generalship, her cause is infallibly ruined, and her
reign virtually brought to a termination. For, long-
suffering as the community is showing itself to
be, it must, under a continuance of this disastrous
I civil war, rise up in its indignation and annihilate its
1 aggressors. Experience foretells this, and experience
is as prophetic as a Sibylline leaf. MARIA DA
GLORIA should listen to the voice of these inexora-
ble forebodings, and lean no longer on a broken reed.
Her MAJESTY should take good measures for a recon-
ciliation with her people, and to compass this most
effectually she should re-organize her councils.

A further reduction in the numbers of the
labourers employed on the public works, in addition
to that of 20 per cent. so recently made, has just Been
announced. A circular has been sent to the different
relief committees, calling upon them to take prompt
and energetic measures for giving effectual relief to
the destitute persons in their several districts, and
stating that the Relief Commissioners are prepared to
advance money where it is necessary to the finance
committees, when the required preliminary steps
shall have been taken, until which time the Commis-
sioners will be wholly unable to act. Any delay or
procrastination, therefore, on the part of those thus
addressed, will necessarily occasion the greatest
misery and suffering. The whole responsibility now
rests on their shoulders. The Government have well
performed their parts. Henceforward local boards
must give effect to the provisions made for the sup-
port of the people. The temporary Relief Act
will, it is said, be brought into operation in
Dublin even within the present week. A very
few days in addition will enable those interested
in the different districts to obtain its benefits. Sad,
indeed, will be the consequences of any neglect or
apathy. The people who may thereby be exposed to
the pangs of hunger will demand a heavy retribution
from those by whose default their unnecessary suffer-
ings were occasioned. It is incumbent on all classes
now to unite together and to labour vigorously and
efficiently for the welfare of their country. An ex-
cellent example has been set in the county of Wex-
ford, which we sincerely trust may be generally fol-
lowed. A Landlord and Tenant Association has been
formed, not for the purpose of recovering their lost
monopoly—not for the sake of protective imposts,
or of enhancing the price of food or agricultural
produce—but with the noble object of taking mea-
sures for the industrial and profitable employment of the
surplus labouring population. The committee, who
were appointed by the grand jury of the county, at
the late assizes, appear to be fully acquainted with
the real condition of all those interested in landed
property, and clearly to perceive the only means by
which the impending danger can be avoided, and
themselves enabled—

" From the nettle danger to pluck the flower safety."
This can only be effected by the general union and
active co-operation of the owners and occupiers of
land. By that union the burden falling on each
will be comparatively light. Profitable employment
can easily be provided for the people, but the land-
lords must set their own shoulders to the wheel.
Under the new system of relief, which must speedily
come into operation, the surplus population of the
country must, if unemployed, be fed in absolute
idleness. The committee, in an address just issued,
explain what must be the inevitable results; they say—
" The consequences will be—first, a heavy tax, from
the expenditure of which no profitable return will arise ;
secondly, the demoralisation and degradation of the
lower ranks of society, whose habits of dependence, thus
acquired, will render taxation under the new YoJr-law
a burden too heavy for the country to bear."

They clearly show that a general system of emi-
gration, so fondly relied on by many of their com-
peers, is at best but a slow mode of relief, and not
available under present circumstances, and that the
only remedy is to provide full employment for the
labouring population. In order, then, to obtain the
necessary co-operation they recommend that the fol-
lowing steps should bs taken, viz.—" That all land-
owners and occupiers throughout this county should
meet, and consult, without delay, upon the best mode
of immediately setting the surplus labourers of this
county to work." They say—
" To carry out this it is necessary that absentee pro-
prietors should send authorised representatives, to call
together, consult, and act in unison with the tenant
farmers of the, county. Likewise that all persons hay..
ing direct or indirect interest in landed property should
join in aid.
" An unequal share of burden will in many cases occur
—risk w ill threaten in others; but there can be no pause
when the only alternative involves the country and its
inhabitants in degradation and ruin.

" This committee will meet on the first Thursday of
every month, to secure unity of action throughout
the county. The relief committees of the several
poor-law electoral divisions of the county have been
requested to act in conjunction with the baronial corn-
puttees, as centres of action i❑ their several districts.
" These committees viill search out means of cm-
pl?yraent of a general nature, such as enlarged fish-
eries, reclarnations of uncultivated tracts, &c. More
fleeted with the 9 1
tres7awl'ir Le 3 of employment, suited to different locali
nentinedv
render
es
tit
afieerl de 0
I
well be bestowed o
in the nodrained l
ditches which defacerteine.d more readily by those con-
()conies; but a passing notice may
formu
ephr profitable t
oaub
rl ec
0 unt labourcountry-
useless:'
, and the unnecessary banks and
proportion of the number of persons employed
useTlehses.''
yinttehef
turalin
poor-lawnfeo manner
on the public relief works in their
one to 25 acres of arable land. Surely in
was but
they have indicated full occupation mya
all. The advocates of a good and efficient
have ever contended that so soon as the proprietors of
the soil were satisfied that the people must be
maintained under any circumstances, the best
we would be made of their power and ndustry.

The address to which we have referred establishes the
accuracy of these predictions. Wexford has taken
the initiative in the movement that must speedily
become general throughout the kingdom. It has long
been regarded as one of the model counties of Ireland.
Happily for its inhabitants, it numbers fewer absentees
among its landowners, and a larger proportion of un-
incumbered estates than almost any of the Irish
counties—certainly than any in the south or west of
the island. We shall anxiously await the event of
the intended steps. If all combine together in the
spirit by which the committee are actuated,
the result must be most beneficial. The
prosperity of the county will be secured, its
property saved from a heavy burden of unnecessary
taxation, its labourers rendered happy and contented,
supported by their own honest industry, in place of
being paupers maintained by public charity; the
most friendly relations will be established between all
classes, and a brilliant example held out to other
localities. To the gentry of Ireland we would say,
" Go ye and do likewise," and in the language of the
Wexford committee, we would remind them that
the result of their exertions will be the development
of fertile resources, and a provision for the future ;
and that a wise PROVIDENCE blesses well-directed
activity, while inaction ever produces ill conse-
quences.

The scene that presented itself on the shores of the
Mersey on Monday last will not easily pass out of
memory; on the contrary, it will be treasured in the
recollection as one of the most interesting manifesta-
tions ever witnessed in this country in support of its
enterprise, wealth, civilisation, and philanthrophy.
Inaugural exhibitions took place, connected with those
public works, each of which is certain of being pro-
ductive of vast benefit to the local and general welfare
of the community. The public health, and the re-
creation of all classes, has been humanely consulted,
by the opening of a beautiful park at Birkenhead,
which has cost nearly 128,0001.; the interests of
commerce have been strengthened by the opening, of
the new docks at the same place ; and, lastly, the faci-
lities of inland traffic have been materially enhanced
by the completion of the extension line of the
Chester and Birkenhead Railway to the docks. Such
were the objects in celebration of which throngs of
people crowded the banks on either side of the
Mersey, affording as animating, and, regard being
had to the respective causes of their congregation, as
ennobling a spectacle as could well gladden the eye
and elevate the mind of the spectator. Besides the
concourse of eminent merchants and wealthy landed
proprietors of the neighbouring counties, there were
present on this enlivening occasion distinguished
public men, whose handsome tribute of admiration to
the industry, intelligence, and benevolent liberality
of the promoters of the fresh adjuncts, already enu-
merated, must have proved highly gratifying to
them. The proceedings of the day were participated
in by Lord MORPETH, the Earl of LINCOLN, Lord
.)lONTEAGLE, and others, who have at different pe-
riods been officially and energetically employed in
forte( ing the trade and commerce of the empire, and
devising means for improving the sanatory condition
of the people. Lord MORPETII, with his accustomed
felicity, addressed his auditory in graceful and elo-
quent terms, replete with lofty sentiment and en-
larged counsel. Speaking of the new docks, Lord
MournTu breathed a hope, which was warmly re-
sponded to.
" A pleasing omen I shall think it, if amongst the
first uses of that ample basin into which our vessel to-
day has been the first to glide, surrounded by all those
striking specimens of engineering skill and admirable
masonry, we should apply those (corks to the admission of
the surplus harvests qf more favoured regions, and make
provisions for the bread which keepalt
This was an aspiration emanating from a spirit of
international charity, with which the mind of the
British statesman should be ever endowed, and for
which that of the Chief Commissioner of Woods and
Forests has always been peculiarly remarkable. The
retrospect of Lord MORPETH'S career teaches us that
from no one more than himself could the hope alluded
to, which is so fraught with compassion for the dire-
ful wants of stricken multitudes in Ireland and Scot-
land, have come with greater effect. If ever a man
felt pained by a political severance it was Lord Most-
rETu, when his present constituency refused to re-elect
him to Parliament, on account of the fidelity he evinced
to the question of abrogating the corn-laws ; and now
that his Lordship's foresight has triumphed, nothing
could be more grateful than finding himself with the
barriers of monopoly prostrate at his feet, enabled to
recommend that the extensive warehouses of Birken-
head Docks should, at an appalling crisis, be as
speedily as possible stored with the cereal riches of
distant lands, to feed the hungry and assuage the
unendurable miseries of our famishing fellow-crea-
tures. We cannot conclude this passing notice of the
auspicious proceedings at Birkenhead without ex-
pressing our belief, in the emphatic: language of Lord
Monrani, that we have "forged a new and an abiding
link to that chain of amity, which ought ever to
connect England with America."

A letter from Constantinop!s of the 19th ult., in
the Augsburg Gazette, contains the following:—
" The Ottoman Porte has not accepted the offer made
to it by M. Coletti in his last note—to express regret at
what had taken place, and to receive with marked kind-
nass a new ambassador. Ali Effendi and Reschid
Pacha have formally declared that they could not depart
from the ultimatum which they had sent in. Ali
Effendi has also expressed surprise that M. Ccletti had
❑ot sent a special ambassador to Constantinople to ex
plain what had occurred. The Austrian Government
has recommended t i the Porte to act with moderation.
The Turkish Government is preparing a note on the
subject to be presented to the five Powers, in order to
show how honourable has been the conduct of the Porte
in the whole affair, and how anxious it has been to
terminate the existing difference by every means in its
power."

The Spener Gazette quotes a letter from Vienna, of
the 27th ult., stating that, in consequence of disturb-
ances which have lately taken place in the environs
of that city, frcm the dearness of provisions, the es-
tabishment of an additional body of police has been
decided on.

The Leipsic Gazette of the 30th tilt. publishes an
edict of the Saxon Government for raising a loan, at
4 per cent., of 10,000,000 thalers, one-half of which
is to be applied to the construction of the Saxo-
Bavarian Railroad, and the rest to other State
purposes.

A decree has just been issued in the city of Coburg,
by which the future sittings of the Municipal Council
are to be public.

Intelligence from Lisbon to the 31st March has
been received. SALDANIIA still remained in his old
position, retained there from the want of fun 3s to pro-
ceed, all attempts on the part of the QUEEN'S Govern-
ment to raise a loan having entirely failed. The QUEEN'S
troops are deserting daily, while the troops of the
Junta are in high spirits, and are well supplied with
money and with provisions. So strong is the Junta
that it has assumed the offensive. SA DA BANDEIRA.
sailed with an expedition of 1,2.50 men in the Min-
della, Porto, and Vesuvio steamers, and, having
forced the blockade of the Douro, proceeded to the
southward. The expedition is most probably des-
tined for the Algarves, although it was reported in
Lisbon that it had landed in Peniche.
An offer has been made to Sir HENRY
SEYMOUR to give up the British ships
seized at Oporto, on condition that all claims
for demurrage shall be abandoned. It was commonly
supposed that British mediation between the insur-
gents and the Government would be accepted, and it
was said that the terms proposed were that the
insurgents should lay down their arms on the
QUEEN'S publishing a general amnesty and under-
taking to govern in accordance with the charter of
Don PEDRO.

Madrid papers of the 31st ult. have arrived.
The Cabinet is now completed, Senor BAHAMONDE
having accepted the office of Minister of Justice. He
belongs to the Moderado party, and is rector of the
University of Madrid. The Pacheco Ministry is be-
ginning well. Its first act has been to lower the
postage duty on newspapers one-half. The Gaceta of
the 31st contains the following decree :
"Excelleney,—lier Majesty the Queen (whom may
God long preserve!) adopting the views contained in
your memorial, of the possibility and the propriety of
reducing the present rate of postage on newspapers, has
deigned to order that in future the rate of postage on
these publications shall be reduced to one-half that pro-
visionally imposed by the royal ordinance of the 11th
of February, 1845; and for the future the rate is defini-
tively fixed at 50 reals vellon per arroba.
" 13 E NAVI DE
Madrid, 30iii of March, 1847."
" To the directors of the Post-office and the Tcle:-
graphs."
The Quzu has consented to the recal of OLOZAGA,

and that not reluctantly, but spontaneously, and in a
manner which tells well for the future peace of Spain.
The circumstances are thus related in a letter from
Madrid of the 31st :

"The permission to M. Olozaga to return to Spain
was decided on last evening. His brother addressed a
respectful memorial to the Queen on the subject, and
her Majesty was pleased to write on the m irgin, This
demand is to be granted. The memorial was then sent
to the President of the Council, who immediately laid it
before his colleagues. They at once agreed to act in
conformity with her Majesty's wishes. however, before
proceeding further iii the matter, they determined to
confer with the Queen on the subjvt, when—the report
goes—her Majesty expressed herself in these terms—' I
wrote on the paper to which you allude the permission
for M. Olozaga to return to Spain, from a desire, since
we are entering on a new era of reconciliation and for-
getfulness of injury, to give myself an example of pardon
and oblivion.' Such is the version in circulation here in
the best-informed circles. General Cordova is to be
definitively nominated Captain-General of Madrid ;
General Oribe, Inspector of Carbineers; and General
Manual Concha Inspector of Infantry,"

The Duke of GLUCESBURGH has been appointed
Ambassador from the KING of the Famicu in the
room of Count BRESSON.

The Tiempo states that the Minister of Finance
has appointed M. MENDIZABAL and M. GorizoLo
Morters to terminate the liquidations of the money
transactions pending between him, in his mercantile
capacity, and the Government; and the Herald°
says that he had returned to the Treasury the warrants
of 3,520,000 reals, in State rente, deposited ,aith him
in 1843, as a guarantee for sums paid by him for the
army, and which had been lately referred to in the
Chamber. The same journal publishes a mass of
details, relative to the operations against small bands
of Carlists in the provinces, but they are in general
of no importance. One affair, however, which took
place on the 26th, at Santa Cruz de Pinares, between
the civic guard and a body of insurgents, under the
command of Colonel FELIX CALVENTE, appears to
have been of a more serious character. The rebels
held out for a considerable time, and at last only gave
way when they had four men killed, and seven taken
prisoners. The rest then dispersed.
Wednesday being a holiday the Bolsa was closed.

We have received the only French paper, or rather
fragment of a paper, viz., Le Bulletin du Commerce,
which was published on Monday. Easter is always
a season of rejoicing, and editors, reporters, and
printers, take a holiday in Paris as well as the rest of
mankind, consequently on Easter Monday no papers
are published except the paper to which we have
alluded, and which is merely a price current.
The Chamber of Commerce at Lyons at its last
sitting unanimously agreed to the following resolu-
tion :

" Considering that the present high price of provisions
is the cause of great misery amongst the poorer classes
—that there is little hope of any material reduction in
prices before next harvest—that all means of alieviating
this situation ought to be eagerly embraced—considering,
moreover, that the consumption of meat is yearly dimi-
nishing- in France—that this diminution is produced as
much by the smallness of the supply in the market as by
the elevation of price—that every possible augmentation
in the supply of food ought to be the grand object of the
Government at present—and that the suppression of all
entrance duties on foreign cattle would materially aid in
effecting this desirable result—the Chamber of Commerce
of Lyons, considering all this, prefers to the King's Go-
vernment a most pressing supplication to bring in a Bill
as soon as possible to suppress all duties on foreign cattl.-,
if not definitively, at least temporarily."
There was a rumour in Paris that a change had
taken place in the Greek Ministry, COLETTI having
been dismissed in consequence of the discovery by a
Committee of Inquiry of the Chamber of a falsifica-
tion of documents, committed by the employ6s of
COLETTI, at the instance of that Minister.
The Three per Cents. closed at 781. the Five per
Cents., 1161. 70c.; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,240 f. ex
div.; Rouen, 870 f.; Havre, 6801. ; Great Norlif•rn, 632 f. 50c. ;
Avignon, 7951.; Vierzon, 565 f.; Bordeaux, 5161. 25c.;
Boulogne,42of. ; Troyes and Montereau, 2951. ; Basle, 2101.;
Dieppe, 345 f. ; Paris and Strasburg, 4351.; Tours and
Nantes, 4281. 75c.; Paris and Lyons, 4371 50c.; Lyons and
Avignon, 465 f. ; Cette, 446 f. 25c.; Spanish Domestic
Dela, 30.
The following are the quotations for other lines:—
LYONS, APRIL 3.—Paris and Rouen, 858 f. 75c.; Avignon
and Marseilles, 7881. 75c.;
Northern, 621 f. 25c. ; Paris and
Lyons, 420 f. ; Orleans, 1,270 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGF, Aram 5.
Boulogne and Amiens, 16%—Deinerara,
Rhenish, 4 lA —Northern of France,l3l,4—nrisaud Lyons, 51.

Lord John Russell is expected to leave town this
afternoon for Windsor Castle, on a visit to her
Majesty.

LLOYD'S SHIPPIN (I—(THIS DAY.)
Lormorr, Aram 7.—Wind W., light breczo and dull,
heavy weather.

DEAL, APRIL 6.—Wind W.S.W., light.— Arrd. Olive
Branch, Le Bas, Rio Grande ; Suzan, Ondcrfang, Bahia,
for Gothenburg ; Packet, M'Kenlay, Berbice ; Morina,
Baschen, Havannah, fer Bremen. Sld. the outward
bound.

FALmounr, APRIL 6.—Wind N.W.—Arrd Seagull,
packet, Rio Janeiro, sailed Feb. 14.
LIVERPOOL, APRIL 6. Wind N.W., moderate.—
Arrd. Urania, Walters, Demerara ; Aberdeen, M‘Grath,
Savannah, sailed sth ult. ; Tamarac, Cooper, St. John's,
New Brunswick. Sid. Sarah Sands (steamer) New
York ; Earl of Chester, Bombay. Off port, Waterloo,
Allen, New York, sailed 15th Ult.
MARYPORT, APRIL s.—Wind W., fresh.—Arrd. Two
Friends, Callao.
CLYDE, APRIL 5. Wind S.W. Arrd. Victory,
Potter, Bombay • St. Vincent, Mowatt, Demerara ; Ann
Jane and Thomasn, Valparai
Campbell, Stricklad, Halifax
so ; . Sld. Hibernia, Quebec ;
t Collooney, Montreal
PLYMOUTH, APRIL 6. Wind N.W.— Sid. .
North
Britain, Quebec.
DUBLIN, APRIL s.—WindW.N.W.—Arrd. Ccquette,
Evans, Demerara.
SUNDERLAND, APRIL 6 —Wind N.W.—Sid. Ilelena
Philadelphia; Beacon, St. John's.
HARTLEPOOL, APRIL 6.—Wind N.N.E. to N.W.—
Sid. Margaret, Quebec, and put back on account of crew.
SHIELDS, APRIL 6.—Wind N.W.—Sld. Countess of
Mulgravo, Q;iebec; Neptune, Miramichi; Xenophon,
Pictou ; Christiana, Quebec; Urania, Richebucto; Viatic,
Miramichi.
WARRENPOINT.—Arrd, Mary Kendall, New York.
HULL, APRIL 6.—Wind N.N.W.—Arrd. Intrepid,
Wilson, Savannah.
CARDIFF, APRIL s.—Sid. Jane, Boyd,. Coquimbo.
WHITEHAVEN, APRIL 4. Arrd. British Queen,
Wise, Antigua.
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPIL—AchiIIes arrd. at the Mother-
bank; all well; dispatches coming up by 11 A.M. train.
Lloyd's, 11h. 30m. A.M.
ALBOA, MARCH 29.—Sld. Thames, Quebec; Hamp-
ton, ditto; Retreat, ditto.