The Sun.
London, England, 1847-02-11 00:00:00

DON, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 11, 1847.

DEATH of GEORGE ROBINS, ESQ.

the court districts so specified and described shall be taken
to be within the jurisdiction of the county court holden for
the purposes of the said Act for the county in which the city,
town, or place is situated where the court is ordered to be
holden, or when such city, town, or place may be situated
in two or more counties, then of the county court holden
for that county under which such city, town, or place is
mentioned in the description of the said several court districts
hereunto annexed, in like manner as if it were part of such
county.
Tae tHlowing are the names of the court towns :
BEDFORDSHInE.—AmpthiII, Bedford, Biggleswade, Leigh-
ton Buzzard, Luton.
BERKSHIRE.—Abingdon, Farringdon, Hungerfoni, New-
bury, Reading, Wallingford, Wantage, Winthor.
liUCKINGHAMSHIRE. IeSBUT% Buckingham, Chesham,
High Wycombe, Newport Pagnell.
CAMBRIDGESIIIRR.—Cambridge, Ely, March, Newmarket,
Soham, Wisbeach.
CHESHlRE.—Altrincham, Birkenhead, Chester, Congleton,
Hyde, Knutsfurd, Macclesfield, Nantwich, Northwich, Run-
corn, Stockport.
CORNWALL. Bodmin, Camelford, Falmouth, Helston,
Launceston, Liskeard, Penzance, Redruth, St. Austell, St.
Colomb Major, Truro.
CUMBERLAND.—AIston, Carlisle, Cockermouth, Keswick,
Penrith, Whitehaven, Wigton.
DERBYSHIRE. Alfreton, Ashborne, Bakewell, Belper,
Chapel-en-le-Frith, Chesterfield, Derby, Glossop, Wirks-
worth.
DEVONSHIRE.—Axminster, Barnstaple, Bideford, Crediton,
Exeter, Holsworthy, Honiton, Kingsbridge, Newton Abbott,
Oakhampton, Plymouth, South Melton, Tavistock, Tiverton,
Torrington, Totness.
Donsgrsineg.—Blandford, Bri.lport, Dorchester, Poole,
Shaftesbury, Wareham, Weymouth, Wimborne Minster.
DURHAM.—Barnard Castle, Bishops' Auckland, Darling-
ton, Durham, Gateshead, Hartlepool, Shotley Bridge, South
Shields, Stoat in -on-Tees, Sunderland, Wolsingham.
EssEx.—Braintree, Brentwood, Chelmsford, Colchester,
Dunmow, Halstead, Harwich, Maldon, Rochford, Romford,
Saffron Walden, Waltham.
GLOUCESTER.—BristoI, Cheltenham, Chi p ping-Sodbury,
Cirencester, Dursley, Gloucester, Newent, Newnham, North-
leach, Stow, Stroud, Tewkesbury, Thornbury, Winchcomb.
HAMPSHIRE.—Andover, Alton, Basingstoke, Bishop's
Waltham, Christchurch, Fordingbridge, Lymington, New-
port, Petersfield, Portsmouth, Romsey, Southampton, Win-
chester.
lIEREFORDSIIIRE.—Bromyard, Hereford, Kingtou, Led-
bury, Leominster, Ross.
HERTFORDSHIRE.—Batnet, Bishop's Stortford, Hertford,
Hitchen, Royston, St. Alban's, Watford.
HUNTINGDONSHIRE.—Huntingdon, St. Neot's.
KENT.—Aslitord, Bromley, Canterbury, Dartford, Deal,
Dover, Faversham, Folkestone, Gravesend, Greenwich, Hythe,
Maidstone, Margate, Ramsgate, Rochester, Romsey, Seven-
oaks, Sheerness, Sittingboume, Tenterden, Tunbridge, Tun-
bridge Wells.
LANCASHlRE.—Ashton.under-Lyne, Blackburn, Bolton,
Burnley, Bury, Chorley, Clithero, Colne, Poulton, Gargtaug,
Haslingden, Kirkham, Lancaster, Leigh, Liverpool, Man-
chester, Oldham, Ormskirk, Preston, Rochdale, St. Helen's,
Salford, Ulverstone, Warrington, Wigan.
LEICESTERSHIRE.—Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Hinckley, Leices-
ter, Loughborough, Lutterworth, Market Bosworth, Market
Harborough, Melton Mowbray.
LINCOLNSBIRIL—Barton -on- Humber, Boston, Bourne,
Brigg, Caistor, Gainsborough, Grantham, Great Grimsby,
Holbeach, Horncastle, Lincoln, Louth, Market Rasen, Slea-
ford, Spalding, Spilsby, Stamford.
MlDDLESEX.—liTer:tford, Edmonton, Uxbridge.
MIDDLESEX METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS.-1, Westminster;
2, Brompton ; 3, Marylebone ; 4, Bloomsbury ; 5, Clerken-
well ; 6, Shoreditch ; 7, Bow; 8, Whitechapel.
MONMOUTIISHIRE.—Abergavenny, Chepstow, Monmouth,
Newport, Pontypool, Tredegar, Usk.
NORFOLK.—ttleborough, Aylsham, Dowuham Market,
East Dereham, Harleston, }bolt, King's Lynn, Little Wal-
singham, North Walsham, Norwich, Swaffham, Thetford,
Wymondham, Great Yarmouth.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRR.—BrackIey, Daventry, Kettering,
Northampton, Oundle, Peterborough, Thrapstone, Towcester,
Wellingborough.
NORTHUMBERLAND.—AInwiek, Belford, Bellingham, Ber-
wick, Haltwhistle, Hexham, Morpeth, Newcastle, North
Shields, Rothbury, Wooler.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.—Bingham, East Retford, Mansfield,
Newark. Nottingham, Worksop.
OXFORDSHIRE.—Banbury, Bicester, Chipping Norton, Ox-
ford, Thame, Witney, Woodstock.
RUTLANDSIIIRE. —o4khaM, Uppingham.
,SHROPSHIRE.—Bishopia Castle, Bridgenorth, Cleobury,
Drayton, Ludlow, Madeley, Newport, Oswestry, Shrewsbury,
Wem, Wellington, Whitchurch.
SOMERSETSIIIRE.—Bath, Bridgewater, Chard, Chilton,
Crewkerne, Frome, Langport, Taunton, Wellington, Wells,
Weston-super-Mare, Williton, Wincanton, Yeovil.
STAFFORDSHIRE. Burton-on-Trent, Cheadle, Hroaley,
Leek, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Oldbury, Rugeley,
Stafford, Stone, Uttox ter, Walsall, Wolverhampton.
SUFFOLK.—Beeeles, Bury St. Edmund's, Eye, Franalling-
ham, Hadleigh, Halesworth, Haverhill, Ipswich, Low estoft,
Mildenhall, Stowmarket, Sudbury, Woodbridge.
SURREY.—Chertsey, Croydon, Dorking, Epsom, Fat ahem,
Godalming, Guildford, Kingston, Reigate, Wandsworth.
SURREY METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS.-- 1. Southwark ; 2.
Lambeth.
SussEx.—Arundel, Brighton, Chichester, Cuckfield, East
Grinstead, Hastings, Horsham, Lewes, Midliurst, Pet worth,
Worthing.
WARWICESHIRR.—AIcester, Atherstone, Birminghat 11, Co-
ventry, Nuneaton, Rugby, Solihull, Sotitham, Str at/ford,
Tamworth, Warwick.
WESTMORELAND.—AmbIeside, Appleby, Kirkby K endal,
Kirkby Lonsdale.
WILTSHIRE.— Bradford, Caine, Chippenham, Devizes,
Malmesbury, Marlborough, Melkaham, Salisbury, Swindon,
Trowbridge, Warminster, Westbury.
WORCESTER.SHIRR.—Bromsgrove, Droitwich, Dudley, :Eve-
sham, Kidderminster, Pershore, Redditch, Shipston, Stour-
bridge, Tenbury, Upton, Worcester.
YORKSHIRE ( EAST RIDING).—Beverley, Bridlin g ton,
Great Driffield, Hedon, Howdeu, Kingston-upon-Hull, Irock-

The obituary of yesterday announces the death of the
above eminent auctioneer, a gentleman who has ho-
nourably and successfully filled an exalted position in his
profession for many years ; indeed, we are informed
that he began to wield the hammer before he had at-
tained the age of 19, for whilst attending a large sale in
Yorkshire, he was unexpectedly called upon to act for
his father, who, from indisposition, was unable to offi-

ciate. From that time to the present, during a
period of fifty years, he has enjoyed the uninterrupted

good opinion of the public, and perhaps no man can
boast of a more extraordinary catalogue of business,
the most extensive estates in this country, and Scotland
and Ireland, as well as all parts of the globe, having
passed though his hands ; the wonderful skill and tact
with which every advantage connected with the property
he had to describe was seized upon and turned to profit
in his glorying descriptions, and his ready wit and re-
partee in the rostrum, are too well known to require
comment flora us. It may certainly be allowed
that, for his profession, no man possessed or exerted
greater capabilities, and he may be considered one of
the most successful and persuasive advocates in seducing
his auditors to unloose their purse-strings that has ever
appeared at the auction matt. A foolish report was
some years age circulated, when this gentleman first
struck out into a different and more descriptive style of
advertisement, that his literary effusions were not his
own production. That his announcements were unlike
those of any of his contemporaries there can be no
doubt ; that they were highly coloured, graphic, and
often excessively clever, has been constantly admitted ;
and that they were his own productions we have ample
reason to know. Indeed, when only a youth, and al-
lowed by his parents to make the tour of the lakes in
Cumberland, his love of the picturesque was then evinced
by a publication of all that he had seen and been
delighted with. Ilighflown and indulging in fancy's
sketch as were Mr. Robins's advertisements and particu-

lars of the properties he held for sale, yet we have heard
him say, in no instance was a purchase repudiated on
the ground of misdescription, whilst in many cases
purchases, and to a heavy amount, have been made
by persons who had never seen or heard of the
estate when they entered the auction-room, and they
were overcome by his persuasive eloquence. We now
turn to what may be termed his private life. A love
of taking a prominent part in some of the events of
the day, and a desire to assist some well-known cha-
racter, whose prudence had not placed him above the
world, brought him before the public most frequently in
the cause of charity, and sometimes as the champion of
some oppressed individual, or to serve the fallen for-
tunes of some institution or other—indeed, it may be
said, he possessed more of the milk of human kindness
than generally falls to the lot of man ; p3litics he care-
Indy eschewed, and deemed those mad who wasted their
time and substance upon them. His first unprofessional
effort was at Margate, where, in the cause of charity,
no les. than that of assisting the funds of the Margate
Sea- Bathing Infirmary by holding a plate for contribu-
tions outside the church-gate, he, with several other
gentlemen, were taken into custody as rogues and
vagabonds for begging, and were afterwards compelled
to attend the Dover Sessions, where no evidence was
offered against him, and upon the trial of an action
against the magistrates of Margate at the Maidstone As-
sizes, damages were obtained, and to this day a tablet in
the walls of the institution at Margate record his victory
and the increase to the funds for the sick at the infirmary
To his determined hostility, in conjunction with the late

- -
Mr. Calcraft, to the sub-committee of Drury-lane Theatre,
in the years 1817 and 1818, and their exposition of the
mal-governmen t of the theatre, anew system was adopted,
by which this splendid place of amusement was nearly
released from a load of debt; and at a later period his
exertions were mainly instrumental in resuscitating the
rival establishment when all human hope of again afford-
ing amusement to the pubic within its walls seemed
past. Notwithstanding his numerous avocations, he
could spare time for the cause of charity, and
many were the successful claims to public benevo-
lence that he advocated—the most remarkable war
that for poor Emery's (the comedian) family, when,
by the greatest indefatigability, a sufficient sum
was obtained to provide a comfortable annuity for the
widow at.d children. That exquisite songstress Mrs.
Bland, and many others, were equally indebted to him,
whilst his protection of James Brandon, the well-known
box-book-keeper of Covent-garden Theatre, against tis.
proprietors, is even now remembered by theatricals.
Perhaps no man in his station was more courted
by his superiors, by whom his manly, straightforward
conduct was appreciated, his advice often sought, and
amongst the men of his day he was always we:come.
The description of a dinner given by him to Lord Byron
is recorded in that nobleman's memoirs, edited by Moore,
when Lord Kinnaird and his brother, Sheridan, Colman,
John Kemble, and other eminent men were present.
In his private life he was strictly a domestic man,
always ready to do good and to succour the distressed.
He leaves a widow and seven young children, which his
exertions have enabled him to provide lor in an ample
manner, and a large circle of friends who will long mourn
his irreparable loss. The poor have lost a kind friend,
society an excellent member, and the Queen a faithful
subject. He was an exemplary husband, a kind and
indulgent father, and a warm-hearted friend.
His extensive business as an auctioneer and valuer
will now be conducted by his two cousins, who have long
assisted him in carrying out his novel and successful
method of effecting the transfer of property, and were
.en large contributors to his fame.

lington.
YORKSHIRE (WEST RIDING).—Barnsley, Boston, Bratlford,
Dewsbury, am-icaNter, Goole, Halifax, Holmfirth. Had tters-
field, Keighley, Knaresborough, Leeds, Utley, Pontet'r act,
Ripon, Rotherham, Saddleworth, Selby, Settle, Shei eld,
Skipton, Thorne, Todmorden, Wakefield.
YORLSHIRE NOATII RlDlNG).—Easingwold, Heln
Leyburn, New Malton, Northallerton, Richmond, ,Sc Scar-
borough, Stokesley, Thirsk, Whitby, York.
ANGLESET.—Llangefni.
BRECrNOCKSHIRK.—Brecknock, Builth, Crickhowell, Ray.
CA RMA RTHENSHlRE.—Carmarthen, Llandeilofawr, I Asti-
dovery, Llanelly, Newcastle-m-Emlyn.
maCdAoactp,tawvilobxeslifi.taE.—Bangor, Carnarvon, Conway, 1 'cot-
CARDIGANSHIRE. Aberayron, Aberyswith, Card 7 ig an,
Lampeter.
DEN, s
pEhN, BNlvariersxihnanmE..—Denbigh, Llanrwst, Ru.abon, Ruthb 1, St.
As
Frmasufan.—Holywell, Mold.
GLAMORGANSHIRE.—Bridgend, Cardiff, Merthyr T) ftlfil,
Neath Swansea.
MERIONETHSHIRE.—BaIa, Corwen, Dolgelly.
MONTGOMERYSHIRE.—LIanfyIIin, Llanidloes, Macb al-
leth, Newtown, Welchpool.
PEssnacatksamg.—Haverfordwest, Narberth, Pembro: tie '•
Runioa.—Presteign, Rhaider.
And their Lordships do farther report as their opinio, i to
your Majesty, that notice should be given in the London G' a-
zette, pursuant to the provisions of the said Act, that afte the
expiratiou of one calendar month from the date of the p)
cation of such notice, your Majesty, with the advice of your
Privy Council, will take into consideration the propriet y of
making the said two several orders for the purposes of the
said Act of the last session of Parliament.

ePnot rrteupgruees seen
tGa
toiNo' enrsn
cmoenncte
ran 1
nc ogmtihneu ni imc aptoisoin.
1
It is understood that Mr. Richard Thornton, as
chairman of the Committee of Portuguese Bondholders, has
decima tax on the dividends of the foreign
debt, a copy of which was inserted under this head a few
weeks since. From what we now hear, there is a probability
of this oppressive and very unjust tax being speedily aban-
doned.—Post.
LONDON YACHT CUM.—Tuesday the members
of the London Yacht Club (formerly the Arundel Club)
n
held their monthly meeting, at Wright's Hotel, Strand.
iren received
fly
The general business connected with the affairs of this
aquatic club was arranged, and many suggestions indicative
optht foer o
dhnoilsntbrhei
cee
of extensive arrangements of this club for the ensuing]
yachting season were made, and the meeting adjourned til
March.

Her Majesty is hereupon pleased, by and with the ad Rice
of her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, tt tat,
notice be, and the same is hereby given, that after the e: 't"
ration of one calendar month from the date of the publican on
of this order and notice in the London Gazette, her MO 31Y'
with the advice of her Privy Council, will take into C o
sideration the propriety of making the said two sevta al
orders for the purposes of the said Act.
WM. L. BATHURSI •

SALT VERSUS TIIE POTATO DISEASE.—AIIow me
to suggest to those whose potatoes are already forward
enough, or as soon.as they are so, to try the effect of a slight
top dressing of salt, and to publish the result. It would be
interesting to know from correspondents residing near the
sea if they can confirm or refute my statement in your paper
of Dec. 5, that potatoes grown in the neighbourhood of salt-
water were entirely or in some cases only partially free from
the prevailing epidemic.—Gardeners' Gazette.

CAUTION TO TRADESMEN.-011 Saturday last, -Ed
-
6th• • Ed"
6th instant, a gentleman, in appearance, called at • •
and"
munds's shop, in Lowndes-street, Belgrave-square, :i.
ordered a pair of gloves, and two satin scarfs, valued • the
The gloves (value 25.) he took with him, and orders_ , .
paid for ; but on taking thi:e:mcsoenads dwirreaettetli(R)g:llioinonrc:sourhenhe,
scarfs to be sent to 49, Belgrave-square, and all shoal it b
re-
sided there..
eamis: lion
The King of Sweden has appointed a C 0...-
of inquiry on the best means for reducing the rates af post a ge'
and of multiplying the mails not only within
•
Europe. Satur dav
On
CHARGE OF MURDER AT RUNCORN,--
aofcoanmsidanernabalmeesdenßsiaetbioanrdwas
Norway, but also between the two countries andSvitehdeerne sst ..nodt
flasactta carpenter ynni
.31 a
having killed his wife. It appeared that Edwards, w.
s.
_li
_,
man given to drink, had been fuddling all thati:lraf, 1.9,i, 7 aius
of being at his work, and his wife, Betty Edw dS,
one of her children to receive what
wages w arne home,: it td
described as having been a quiet, peaceable weoremadnutehteod he 191;
nit.
About four o'clock in the afternoon Edwarides
f declined to g
wanted to get some money; but his
Edwards,causecl in Runcorn byi theti
nbcee t(n,"tfh e head
to abuse and b e it
vision shop. Edwards immediately beg
her, in the presence of hericabeterdinidhsreeeqrnume; os. severely. Histst
6.1 d
him any, as all that she had received
of her head and attempted to throw
kthheetrhbYreatthseofb 81
:ill
then he struck her several times about
afgcah% the matter quite • 11
knocked her down, and kick
thett neighbours
a bad il ni
t,esrvahl who foot Ili
aidn
tPebhers°rfeoariet .ti.,i ti; hii:
her out of doorso
~
,k,
fered on behalf of his moti 11, r
rawwas due to the, p ri :
son, who is an apprentice,
the brutal langm tg e,
but was obliged to de.sist.
ft)blieetarhtoeerinl ;
the b udtfie
death.
he ran. q
ort utvt
cla
e: t
o_.
,when
t 113:
and
when his son was dewed to
with her." Edwards was •
tthatold hisif hvefi
fsewent a hdeeawdtt:ho
"Let her die, and to h—
n inquest c n
the body was held at ' the • -
coroner, when Jur), returned a verdict - of
tl...nry Churton, cor
hbeH2o,6u7se9,
Richard Edwards "
" Wilful Murder againstwho was acco. n 1-
On Tuesday last a • Imul( (1 i-
Castle on th '
ately taken into oustodyl.
e coroner's warm t,
t Ch
the nex ester assizes.—Ch. Ist, r
to take his trial a
Chronicle.
ORDNANCE ESTIMATES •
—The estimates of effec tit .e
togly committed tot
services
the House
the year 184; '-4 3
er oft
for the Ordnance servi..c. 1
there from that, according to the gross estim at
It appearse,
abiaidvenjoor
been
otive
be required for that
a total of 2,862,4841. will _ _ veer, whet ti Is
the sum granted for 184647 was 2 7
, 17,934/. There will 1 te
in aid to the extent of 183,357/.
lo2f7Cl.4)(aihmai "ill ag.
(they has ill
g
appropriations and, cons
been 174,365/. for 1846-47) ;consequently the Ire; 11
total amount required
issued ordnancetby
.beordevaorte,d_
will
i.
il
for the ensuing financial
been 2,543,569/. for the year 1846-47 ). The total in
crease, theref ire, to be demanded for the ensuing twehrt :
month will be 135,:',581. •
There will be a diminution i a
the two items of ordnance atones for land and sea servie -e
(21,4721.) and the scientific branch (to the extent i tf
1,9831.) making a total diminution, compared with ti e
current year, of 23,4551., as regards effective services. S 1 to
items in which the principal increase will be required. aVi•
the pay, allowances, and contingencies of ordnance mil. AA ry
corps, 41,569/. ; commissariat and barrack supplies fo r.l ter
Maje..ty's forces, great coats for the army. clothin ; for
colonial corps, Sic, 294831' ; wages of artificers at -4 la-
bourers in the United Kingdom anti colonies, 12,460/. and
works, buildings, and repairs, 20,7791.; making ato ',
A.] in-
crease in the required grant for effective
ordnance se (vices,
compared with the present year, of 110,9401.
Ded' act for
decrease in other items (above-mentioned) 23,4551., t lie ba-
lance is an increased sum required for 1847.48 of f,
The increase to be demanded for non-effective '7'4851. service .s, imi_
lira ry and civil, is a further amount of 48,0731, makit 11,.,-Ale
total 135,558/., previously stated as the increase in 18 1.7-.$ tg,
in the net amount to be required to be •
Noted, compared wii h
the preceding year.
At the monthly meeting of the committee of g
Adult Orphan Institution on Monday laSt, the ) gratiVs is.
11
telligence was received that her Majesty had
been
graciousl) .
pleased. to appoint one of the senior wards of thee institution,
Miss Sarah Anne Hildyard, to be Sub-governess
to the royal
'1 children. - - i

A KICICAT THE PRESS.—On Thursday morning
a rumour prevailed in Liverpool that Mr. William Murray
Week/ News,
Ross, one of the proprietors of the Liverpool g
was in custody, charged with knocking to pieces the tof
one of the pages of that paper, after it was ready for the
the
press. Credence was the more readily given to the rumour
in consequence of the appearance of placards upon the walls,
'
denouncing the " infamous conduct" of Mr. Ross, and au
attempt to "crush the Weekly News." The rumour also
was, that the prisoner was to be brought before Mr. Rust:ton,
at eleven o'clock, and at that hour there was a numerous at
tendance of parties, anxious to hear the particulars •of the
affray. They were all, however, doomed to disappointment,
for Mr. Ross. although he had been taken to the police-office,
was not in custody, the case not having assumed a shape
calling for magisterial interference. The particulars of this
strange affair, so far as we can hear, are as follows :—On Wed-
nesday evening last the " forms," as they are technically
called, of the Weekly News were taken, as usual, to Messrs.
Willmer and Smith's machine, for the purpose of being
" worked off:' Mr. Ross, finding that an article respecting
himself was about to appear in print, deliberately kicked out
two of the columns of one of the pages, and repeating his
assault, " knocked into pie" the remaining four columns.
Mr. Ross was immediately taken to the police-office, where
he stated that he was one of the proprietors, and that he
kicked out the page for the purpose of preventing the publi-
cation of the paper. He did not wish it to appear again, and
he would do all he could to prevent it being again published.
Of course the officer on duty declined to bock Mr. Ross, be-
lieving, as most people in his situation would have done, that
the proprietor of a newspaper had a perfect right to kick out
one of the pages, if he had any particular fancy for that mode
of exercise or amusement.—Liverpool Mercury.
A LARK HUNT.—One day last week, as the Age
coach was on its way from Wigton to Ayr, passing Drum-
lamford hill, the driver, Mr. James Meikle, observed a hawk
at a considerable distance in pursuit of a lark. The poor bird
took many a sudden wheel and turn in the air, to escape
.the destructive clutches of its pursuer. A crow flew in
between the hawk and the bird, which gave the latter
a little start. Again the hawk got clear of the crow
and followed the lark, which flew in the same direc-
tion with the coach. The hawk made a pounce, and very
nearly succeeded in securing his prey; still the little song-
ster got off, and alighted amongst the heather—the hawk
making another dive at the same place. Here the coach-
man thought it was all up with the poor lark; but, to
his astonishment, the little warbler took wing once more,
the hawk still giving chase. After many narrow es-
capes, the bird at last flew directly to the side of the
coach, and escaped its merciless enemy by alighting
on the top of it. The hawk hovered for some time
above; and at last the terror-struck lark flew in below the
arm of the driver, sitting down on his breast. Mr. Meikle
took it gently in his hand, and kept it till the hawk disap-
peared; and after going forward about three miles, he held
it out to take its flight. It sat for a time in his hand, as if
reluctant to leave its protector; at last it flew up in a soaringnc
manner, and, after alighting in a field in front,. flew oarle,
more over the driver, when the coach wandhei
rg, ne,
within its reach. Then it soared away, aw i
rnere.--Ayr Observer.
xpected ta be f,aze I
THE SMALL DEBTS ACT.—Thei appoititmerntstteo(f.
Judges have been made, and
.art
.forthwith. Among the apphoien
lath of March, actions
emeents will be found three
s.ergeants-at-law. Atter
Courts, for debts not exceeding
brought in the superiorplaiiniffsxtahmeinlaewa
ueixidp,ernstthse.
stain
plaintiff
20/., will entail on the
and defendant may be e
Debts Act.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council resumed yes-
terday the hearing of an appeal from Grenada, " The House
of Assembly of Grenada v. Chief Justice Sanderson." The
case was adjourned. -

, -I'-f4

into China and the East, from America and other places . ''.-1 '
a matter of course, secured the rejection of that which this - --
country could have supplied ; and yet, wit/ all this coni- •-a"
petition, they wanted to have the hours of labour reduced:—
He feared that those who made this --demand would
~/
get eight or ten hours' labour much to their, inconverdencea -/
A man who invested capital in a factory required interest on
ye.
the investment—he had fixed expenses which e . meld -not ca
avoid, and had to calculate in what position
placed by the competition of the continent and of America—
how to get an adequate return, and to pay adequate wages.
He was proud to call Mr. Sevmer his friend, and to concur
with him in his opinion, and he advised those who had not
read his pamphlet on the profits derived from factories, and
of the hours of work, to do so, as they could not tail to derive
much instruction from it. lie went into the manu-
facturing districts, accompanied by a Noble Lord
and two or three other gentlemen, totalle unconnected
with factories, and, in company with them, collected a num-
ber of facts from a certain number of mills. They found
that ten hours' labour paid all the expenses, including the .
wear and tear of plant and wages, but that if the mills were
stopped at the end of ten hours, that the owner would derive
no profit from the capital he had invested; so that he had
to look to an hour or an hour and a half's work for this
profit. They came, therefore, to this conclusion, that a fac-
tory would pay its expenses in ten hours, and that no
profit was derived unless the works were continued for
a longer period. Many manufacturers were compelled to
tFt
ahigee reds
Fielder),
ebaenni
and
tgframelqlmolarge
yedchatpaodi tbatoloir
borrow
lt
oas
wb l
oi kur
Tire
borrow money at from 31. to 6/. per cent. ,• but
e at
high Frienddisa r (
area
nor
-f.
money
under raotgn
ar.
interest. Now, was a man whose credit was not so good as
another, but who might be an equally good manufacturer, to
be placed on a footing with a manufacturer who was better
situated, and who had no occasion to borrow money at all?
When any check took place, and they were unable to sell
their articles, they were compelled to resort to the bankers
to get their Bills discounted and renewed and rene wed until
the interest amounted to as much as 7 per cent. It was im-
possible to apply the same rule to men so differently
situated, because the one might close his works after a cer-
tain number of hours with profit, whilst the other could not
do so except after working for a considerable number of
hours. In May, 1824, a Committee composed of 51 Members,
among whom were Mr. Huskisson, Lord Stanley, Sir Ed.
ward Parnell, and others, came to a resolution to the effect
" that masters and workmen should be freed from all restric-
tions as regards the rate of wages and the hours of work, and
be left perfectly free to make such arrangements as they may
think advisable and proper."—(Hear, hear.) They also re-
commended the abrogation of that principle of the common
law which characterised a man as a conspirator if he leagued
with others for the purpose of obtaining an alteration in their
condition. The House agreed to it unanimously, and the
consequences were, he believed, satisfactory to all. He asked
the House if they were now, at this advanced period,
_pre-
v3ared to relax that resolution? He regretted the Right Hon.
aronet (Sir R. Peel) was not there, as he believed he would
agree with him (Mr. Hume); if he did not he would belie all
the principles on which he had acted. During the last five
years every Act they had passed had for their object the
freeing of industry and capital. Parliament had no right to
interfere with the labour or capital of any man. Let all such •
restrictions be swept away, and let every man have perfect
freedom to exercise his time as he thought fit. Having
stated this, let him ask lion. Gentleman who approved of
this Bill if they were desirous that England should
maintain her superiority, and if they were disposed to give
fair play to labour and capital in this country? In Belgium
and Germany no such restrictions prevailed. Recently, in
Massachusetts, a Committee of the Legislature had reported
that it would not be advisable to place any restrictions on
the free exercise of labour, and that it was advisable to leave the
matter to be arranged betweee the employer and theemployed.
Every individual who interfered with this question injured,
to the extent of his interference, that class of people, and
when they were thrown upon the poor-laws of the country
they would repent of their interference, without being able to
remedy the evils they had inflicted. But if they interfered, and
drove that capital elsewhere, he (Mr. Hume) wished to know
on whom the responsibility was to rest. Those Gentlemen
who said that they were the best advocates of the working
el ,sses, held out the cases of women and children as instances
which called for the interference of Parliament. He would
not yield to those Hon. Gentlemen in his desire to see the
community happy ; and whateve r they might think of his
opposition to this Bill, he was actuated by go el in. tives.
He could look back upon a career of thirty sears, during
which he had beeii in that House, at d in that time they
would not find a single spot or trace ut any wish to ~pp,aeis
the poor. He might have been pertinacious and obstinate.
POOR-RATES RATING. lie admitted that he had been obstinate in forcing upon the
Sir W. SOMERVILLE presented a petition from Drog- Government reduction in expenditure and change in taxa-
heda, praying for an alteration in the present mode of rating tion. That was his besetting sin, if he had any—(Cheers
for the poor of Ireland. and laughter)—that was his fault, and he acknowledged
TEN HOURS' BILL. it.—(Renewed laughter.) He was perfectly aware that he
Mr. S. CRAWFORD presented a petition, numerously had given great offence to many individuals. He had mad-
signed by the clergy, Dissenting ministers, masters, and died with the unholy earnings of many men, and he had
others of the town of Rochdale, in favour of the Ten Hours' been told that his interference to stop the rivulets which
Bill ; also four petitions from the town of Manchester, two ran from the public Exchequer was owing to other motives
trom Rochdale, five from Halifax, one from Rossendale, and than those he professed. He never cared what they asserted
one from Haywood, to the same effect. nor what they did, provided they kept their hands •
REDUCTION OF THE DUTY ON TEA. off him.—(Laughter.) By the result alone of his efforts
1 Sir H. W. BARRON presented a petition, numerously would he be judged. On the grounds he had mentioned he
signed by the inhabitants of Waterford, praying the House did say, with all zeal and anxiety, to those Hon. Gentlemen
to make some reduction in the duty on tea. who, actuated by the most humane views, were taking the
TEN HOURS' BILL. course which then were adopting, that there was nothing so
Mr. TUFNELL presented several petitions, all numerously likely to injure the country than this interference with its
signed, from Manchester, Salford, Bury, and ether places, in capital and the employment of the people Let the House
favour of the Ten Hours' Bill. not prevent any man from occupying and employing his
Lord J. MANNERS presented petitions from Bury, Bolton capital, provided he did not injure his neighbour.—( Hear,
Rochdale' and other places, also in favour of the measure. hear.) The House did seem to entertain a very poor opinion
M. J. O'CONNELL also presented a petition to the same of the working classes, but he had found when he had
effect. gone anlongst them a greater degree of intelligence
On the order of the day being read for the second reading than was generally credited, and he had found that those
of the Ten Hours' Bill, men who most advocated the short-hours Bill could give
Nir. MACAULAY presented a petition, signed by upwards little or no reasons for their opinions, except a reference to
of 5,000 per:one, from Leigh, praying the House to pass the the children and young people, and of the necessity of doing
measure introduced by the Hon. Member for Oldham, for something for them. It was on these groucds that be con-
limiting the hours of labour in factories to ten hours. sidered it the duty of Government, seeing the sister country
Mr. FIELDEN presented a number of petitions in favour suffering from want of employment, not to see the capital
of the Bill, from Oldham, Macclesfield, and other. places, driven away. The only cry at present was, "Let us have
which he stated were both respectably and numerously capital." Let them pause at this critical time. Was it a
signed. moment for trying experiments against the sound
Mr. DUNCOMBE presented petitions from places in Seete principles of commerce? He said that they would be
land, Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Leicester, to the same the authors of evil if they sanctioned this interference
effect. with the means of employing labour. They would strike the
Mr. C. HINDLEY presented similar petitions from heaviest blow upon the workingclasses that they could do, aad
Ashton-under-Lyne, Staleybridge, Chorley, and Medlock, instead of placing in a more advantageous position the come
signed by 25,000 persons. merce of the country, they would destroy the most secure
Mr. lIELDEN then moved the second reading of the foundation of its greatness. Much had been said of the
Bill. agricultural employment in the country. Agriculture was
Mr. HUME said he had expected that some one connected only rendered available by commerce, and the other re-
with the Government would have risen to state the views sources of the nation, and any interference with them was
of the Government on the question—t Hear, hear)—because dangerous in the highest degree. It was on these grounds
he could not conceive anything more unsatisfactory than that he moved, and moved in all sincerity, that this Bill be
there meeting there in doubt as to the intentions of the read a second time that day six months.—(Cheers.)
Government with regard to it.—( Hear, hear.) He said they Dr. BOWRING seconded the motion.
were left in doubt, and more than doubt, because the Sir GEORGE GREY said it was not his wish or Intention
Noble Lord at the head of the Government, on a to have offered any observations to the House so early in the
former occasion differed with his colleagues on ttte question, debate upon this question, but after the appeal made by his
and whilst one person went out at one door, the other went Hon. Friend, who had just sat down, as a member of the Go-
out with the Noble Lord at the other. The least those in- vercment he felt himself called upon to express the comes the
terested could have expected was that Noble Lord's attend- Government was prepared to take upon the present occasion,
anee in his place according to his promise—(Cries of and he felt it due to the House to state the course which, as
'Hear, hear")—because he stated when the proper an individual member of the Government, he was prepared
time came, that he should be prepared to state to pursue. He said, as an individual member of the Go-
his views on the subject. Such a statement by the Noble vernment. because he believed that there was no Ho.
Lord would have regulated the course of those who opposed nourable Gentleman in that House who was aware of
the Bill, for there were many gentlemen in that House the course taken, with regard to this question, by the
who were extremely doubtful as to the course which Members of the Government during the last two or three
the Government intended to pursue with respect to years. Many Gentlemen were present when the Noble Lord
the measure. Some had formed very decided opinions, last year, in answer to a question put to him after his acces-
and he (Mr. Hume) had no hesitation in saying sion to once by the Hon. Gentleman the Member for Fins-
that any interference with the employer and the employed bury, as to the principles on which the Government should
would prove detrimental to the interests; of both. Many be conducted with regard to this question. The members of
Hon. Gentlemen were in the habit of casting aspersions on the Government felt bound to take the same course on this
those who acted in accordance with the principles of poll- occasion, as the Answer of the Noble Lord intimated it was
tical economy, forgetting, no doubt, that those principles their intention to do. With reference to the remark of his
regulated the welfare of the community; and, therefore, he Hon. Friend as to the absence of the Noble Lord, it
said that any interference with the arrangements made be- was the Noble Lord's intention to be in his
tween the enip,oyer and the employed, with regard to the place pending the course of this debate, -and to
prices of work and wages, except for their protection, was state, as the head cf the Government, the course
opposed to the spirit of political economy altogether. His he intended to take. He had received a note in answer to a
lion. Friend (Dr. Bowring) was now in favour of a Ten communication addressed to the Noble Lord by him, and it
Hours' Bill, although he formerly entertained an opposite stated that he was detained by important business, but he
opinion. would be in the House to make a full avowal of the opinion*
Dr. BOWRING—No, no. Eleven hours. he entertained. The Hon. Gentleman.who had sat down
Mr. HUME considered that a man who was in favour of said that he liked consistency in legislation. He (Sir G.
eleven hours, could not be in favour of ten.—( Hear, hear, an,. Grey) hoped that he liked consistency in public men also.
laughter.) lion. Gentlemen now treated the question as a —(Cheers.) To his own consistency no possible objection
a p y onease(Cries of "No, no.") Well, lie hoped they did could be made, for he had been uniformly consistent in the
notrt intend to treat it in that spirit—(Hear)—because he principle of his 'opposition to factory legislation, and in bis
should have better hopes of the result if the unbiassed sense speech of that die he had declared against the principle on
of the country could be brought to bear upon it in its proper which past legislation had been directed. In order to
light. In the absence of the Noble Lord, he could only state be consistent with regard to these laws, the House ought to
his own view of the matter—namely, that legislation ought proceed in its present course. The question, however, was a
to be consistent; that for a series of years that House had fair subject for discussion. When the Hon. Gentleman talked
legislated on the principle of protection for individual inte- of consistency in legislation,
he (Sir G. Grey) asked him llrests, to the ex • ion of those of the whole community, and they would be consistent in repealing the factory laws as
exclusion
laws were introduced and passed,
d 'during a period of three or they at present existed. His Hon. Friend had referred on
four years, for the purpose of interfering with the labourer and this occasion, as he did upon a recent occasion, to a report of
with his employer—
that evils arose, which were so obvious e Committee of that House to which the question was re-
and severe, that .
they were by common consent abrogated fermi ;he said that in con se.quence of the report of theCommittae
twenty-two years ago. Ile could not help thinking, therefore, Parliament swept away from the statute book 60 or 70 Acts of
that tie ,se who supported this Bill were adopting a course
Parliament. It these principles were perfectly sound, why
which would lead to the very evils they professed themselves did not Parliament go the length his Hun. Friend recome
anxious to avoid. They professed to have the welfare of the mended, in sweeping away the present principle with regard
community—of the labote er—at heart, and that this was to any interference with labour? This subp.ct had been so
the object of the Bill. They thought they knew how taeY often under discussion in the present Parliament, that
could benefit the labourer better than he did him-alf, in °pre it would be unwarrantable in him to go to any great
sitiou to the rules on which society could alone be properly and
length upon it. It would not be necessary for him to
beneficially conducted; hut any one professing to -direct review the various arguments brought forward on a
/mother took upon himself to say that he knew better how former occasion against this proceeding, neither would he
to promote the benefit of an inuividual than lie did himself. refer to the legislation of Parliament, as it had laid down the
Now he altogether rejected that doctrine, as he thought the principles with regard to factory labour. On the other hand,
labouring classes fully competent to manage their own notwithstanding all the arguments of the advocates of the
affairs; it they were competent to do so, let the House place Bill now produced by the Hon. Menthe, for Oldham, he con-
them in a better condition. He heard a great demand on fessed that he should prefer a settlement of this question,
all sides for universal suffrage—the right of being fairly and satisfactory to the interests ef all coacerned, not by Act of
fully represented in the Legislature. Those erne) pro- Parliament, but by an Agreement between them. He con-
posed to interfere with these classes were the loudest fessed, also, that from all the information he could obtain
to make this demand, because they believed the on this subject, there appeared no chance of a result
people in a condition to wield the power which it by means so desirable. He was told that the result of the
would endow them with properly; but they were now told inquiry on this subject—the arrangements inade—with
~..
that they were not competent to manage their affairs. That view to the reduction of the hours of labour, etve,earn' !_ sad
Hon. the most contradictory doctrine he had ever heard. His number, and had been carried out for a time asndnowl ee
existing
Hon. Friend (Mr. Duncombe) had presented a petition—the to exist; ant although there were many
acf Made bmutual
largest one he believed that was ever presented, as it was in which a reduction from twelve hours_
fovrr the continuance of
signed by three millions of the working classes—praying for arrangement, there was no seceurnmty
h ills held out the induce-
universal suffrage, and setting forth that they were in a fit that agreement as long aso
:, otherst offered long work and high
condition to manage their own affairs. He (Mr. Hume)
, neent of short hours,
delusionwhe.e
to suppose that any such agree.
supported the prayer of that petition, because he had too wages. It was a
out. When he looked at the chief
high an opinion of them to think them unworthy of the meat could be carried
a,„d 3t
any further interference in face.
trust they sought. He certainly should feel obliged if his arguments adduoce
b found that those arguments chiefly
Hon. Friend (Mr. Fielden) would explain on what tory labouor,
fpredictions of certain facts which were
principle he wished to restrain the free labour of the consisteodw from
the adoption of the modifications
working classes. He was at a loss to know on what to fosleld
by
the Hon. Gentleman the Member for Oldham..
principle they could tell a man, who had, perhaps, an aged prop
eke He foound, on looking back to the discussions which had
parent, or a family to support. and who was desirous tosintee
I taken place with regard to the Bills brought in from time to
an hour or two longer than usual, in order to obrtainevoba _ a
d time, during the last few years, to regulate factory labour,
more for their supßort, that he should notnwo k h
enactment to and on one occasion regulating the employment of children
stipulated period. It seemed like
passingreduceihea length of those under eight years, and those between eight and twelve
make people of one height or to
.jeuetb.—(Laughter.) years of age, he found nothing but predictions of the
who were too long for a bed of a certain . ,
f he great evils with loss and ruin which would follow from the interference of
He would appeal to any Irish Member, if t
which Ireland had had to contend were not the result of want Parliament on this question. Did they find that these re-
.tal.
There was a want of strictions on factory labour produced
any prejudicial result?
of
employment
and want of cap pep
was an interference with the people, No such fact
capital, because there
free exercise of their labour. admission that it had been productive The
which
which prevented the
been carried to a high degree with re- Hon Member for Dorchester entertainedand strong con.-
That interference had
d roved injurious to the State in • •
Ireland, and ha p
seientious opinions upon this subject, and he even
gent tolabour that might
had lost the
e theywas prepared to admit the beneficial result of these
every way, because
I -ed and that capital; so that that
been usefully vim tee , measures, with regard to the cases of children under
•ht have been thus usefully employed had be- • • • had increased the
class who might eight years of age. These restrictions
burden to the State. What would be the consepence -
come acomforts ofthe country. Reports from
of commerce and the
of their interference on the present occasion? It England factory inspectors had from time to time been laid on the
had to supply the whole of Europe with manufactured corn-table ofthat House, and the • proved the benefit which had
. 3
modifies the consequence would be disastrous; but if they children between • ht and
eesulted With regard to eight
restricted the employment- of capital inmanufactures, 1 .
twelve years of age, Parliament had done all that it could
and consequently prevented its full operation, the be legally required to do, and the result was that those
capitalist would have no return for the risks he had children who laboured for six hours during the day
made. Whatever they did to induce a person to had their education attended to, while the means
reduce the investment of his capital, and to reduce of education, toed the character of the education it-
his men, was injurious to the State, as it would lessen pro- self, lied greatly increased. He must admit the many ins
duction, and to the individual, by depriving hint of tits i etances of liberality, on the part of the owners of factories,
wages. If England had the supply oi' t:::- -allele ,S. .. 1 '1,.. . in providing the means of education for the children erne
might dictate runts which other it ;tie!' • 'e • '., • ' ;tinned. And it would be untair, unjust, and untrue to at-
to abide by, and less injury ii1,:.1 ...t.t , l'l 8.11 .' ' - tribute any ,stint of feeling to those.w who opposed the Bill,
striction as that proposed, but they lied to contend eith ,
on the areund that it would rot prints that end. He (air
rival manufacturers, which, at . least emulated, if they did G. Grey) thought that while the children between eight and
not exceed our own. For instance, the iimportation of silk I twelve years of age only worked for a certain time, while

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, Feb. 10.
The SPEAKN:It took the Chair at Twelve o'clock.
ROMAN CATHOLIC RELIEF BILL.
Mr. WATSON brought in this Bill, which was read a first
time, and ordered to be read a second time this day fortnight.