The Sun.
London, England, 1847-02-25 00:00:00

G0r......
MANCHESTER, TUESDAY, FEB. 23.—The slight indi-
cations of improvement in the market, to which we re-
.ferred on Wednesday last, 'have become rather more
m.enifest and decided during the last few days ; and a
better feeling has prevailed upon the exchange to
than for several weeks past. In prices.
no perceptible change for the .better ; bu
ries, both for goods and yarn, have.bee
sive ; and in cases where spinners and
have been willing to accept the low rates eu ast
week, they have little difficulty in makiug sales. The
drooping and uncertain state of the cotton market, how-
ever, still induces great caution on the part of buyers
and exercises' an injurious influence u on ptices.r., .
are glad to learn that...the account th. ek
from the United - the par o , COB-
tame to be taro e: "English manufactures were
leyy...
selling readily, in eimsiderable quantities, and at very
satisf.ctory rates. The mail from Brazil received "by
thb., lA-Lel-el packet, brings to our merchants a further find
considerable amount of bills drawn on American account,
tor the purt-has, of &Ale arid tether Brazdian produce.
As the exports of coffee to the United States during the
I:ect twelve mfmtbs amounted to no less than 1.500,000
bags—being about 400,000 bugs mote than in any pre. vi,ms year—and us these exports tutn,t be paid it r, in
great mensure, by bill* on England, renaittmeees of this
nature are likely to be large tor some time to come.
itc'C/IDALE, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 22.—There has been
a better attendance of buyers to-day than last Monday,
but the business transacted has been very- limited.
Won! remains fi,-tn, at last week's prices.
HALIFAX, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 20.—We could not
observe any change for the better in the piece ball to-
day, nor does there seem to be any prospect of a speedy
improvement. The manufacturers, however continue to
runtheir machinery full time, which, as heavy stocks
are accumulating, they will not be able to do should the
present depression remain unabated much longer. With
reap. ct to yarn, for low numbers the demand is
unusually restricted; but for some qualities, for shipping,
the detrand has rather improved; prices remain without
alteration. The sales of long wool continue very limited;
and ,the turn of the market is rather in favour -of the
buyer, Short wools are somewhat more active, and are
a little easier to buy.
LEEDS, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23.—The business
done-at our cloth-halls to-day, has been equally trifling
with that of last week. We bear, however,"that the
manufacturers are rather better employed to order,
and that a brisker demand is-anticipated next month
in various descriptions of woollens for the United States
markets.—Manchester Guardian.

PUBLIC INCOME AND, EXPENDI-

TUBE.
An account of the total amount of the public revenue
received into and expended from the Exchequer, and
the balances remaining at the close of each year from 1836
to 18-16 inclusive, was ordered by the House of Commons to
be printed on the 19th instant.

it. appears that in 1836 there was a surplus of income
amounting to 2,130,0921., after which year, up to 1843, when
Sir I. Peel's financial reforms had begun to take effe t, there
was a regular annual deficiency- of income, amounting alto-
gether to the sum of 10,188,6571.
Since 1843 there has been an equally regular surplus of
inccnne, which at present amounts in the gross to the sum of
11,453,3601. ; so that the former deficiency is now completely
covered, and a balance left in favour ut the Exchequer of
1,274,7031.

The total amount of income received into the Exchequer
during the past year, 1846, was 53,790,1351., and the total
expenditure therefrom, 50,913,830/., including 28,077,987/.
for the annual charge on the funded and unfunded debt;
2,736.8071. for other charges on the Consolidated Fund;
16,864,697/. for the army, navy, and ordnance services; and
3,264,839/. for miscellaneous services, leaving a ,surplus of
income amounting to 2,846,308/. In 1845 the excess of in-
come was 3,817,64. d., the receipts baying amounted to
53,060,354/., and the expenditure to 49,242,7121.
The gross total estimated amount of the taxes repealed or
reduced during the above-mentioned decennial period is
10,042,4141.; the principal items being pepper, sugar, paper,
spirits, licenses, newspaper stamps, postage, coffee, timber,
export duties, Customs duties, Irish spirits, marine in-
surances, cotton wool, coals (export duty), glass, auctions,
corn, and provisions, &c.
The total amount of the new taxes concurrently imposed,
is 7,916,993/., the principal items being the income tax,
which alone contributes 5,100,0001.. and the increase of 5
per cent. on the Customs and Excise proposed in 1840 by
Mr. Baring.
The capital of the funded and unfunded debt now amounts
nnle'rheesibinal:ipicaertinient
particulars sE x:.
to 782,918,984/. viz., 764,608,28-11. for the funded, and
bhieccibu Exchequer
have
et thebeen
een closeg lgleaned
eodf
frtohme yearthis
18,310,700/.. for the unfunded, debt.
(1846) amounted to the sum of 9,131,282/. Such are the
return.

MONEY MARKET.—The premium on gold at Paris is
10 per mille, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s.
1014 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of
2a40; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being
25.27,1, it follows that gold is 0.49 per cent. dearer in Paris
than in London. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold
is 431 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s.
10%d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of
13 8 ; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London short
being 13.6, it follows that gold is 0.93 per cent. dearer in
Hamburgh than in London. The course of exchange at New
York on London is 106:t- per cent., and the par of exchange
between England and Atnerida being 109 23-40 per cent.,
it follows that the exchange is 3.33 per cent. against Eng-
land. But the quoted exchange at New York being for
bills at .60 days' sight, tke interea. must be deducted from
the above difforence.

REDDEN AND AFFECTING DEATII.—The sudden
'and effeeting,desith of Mr. Charles Thornton Cunniagham,,-
Lieutenant-Governor of St. Christopher's end of the Lee-.
ward Islands, is announced in the West Indian papery which
have just arrived. It appears that this gentleman had
driven in from the country to Basseterre, the seat of Govern-
ment, in apparently vigorous health and cheerful spirits, to
open the newly-elected Houses of Legislature. After trans-
acting. some business with his private secretary, and
dispatching a note to invite some officers in a French ship
of war just come into port to luncheon at Government-
house, he rode down to the mail-office, to meet his let-
ters, and a box containing a picture of a much-beloved
sister, recently deceased in England. He had stated to
more than one person, that his earnest desire to possess
the picture was not unmixed with fear as to the effect
the sight of it might produce upon him. So strongly
had this apprehension fastened itself on his mind, that,
on the arrival of the box at the Government- house,
he sent a servant in quest of a friend who might be with
him when the box was opened. Having failed in find-
ing him, he proceeded to open the box His butler, who was
present, reports that he looked at the countenance earnestly,
turned pale, whispered a few words to himself, walked
hastily up to his own room, was heard almost instantly to
fall as he entered it, and his servants following upstairs
found him stretched on the floor a corpse. The St. Christo-
pher's Gazette, as well as many other public and private
communications, bear the strongest testimony to the ability,
vigour, and high moral character of this gentleman, and to
the tenderness and munificence with which at all times, and
cspeciplly under a recent heavy visitation of Island fever, he
had ministered to the wants and sorrows of the negro popula-
tion. The Houses of Assembly met immediately after his
death, and passed an unanimous vote for a funeral at the
public expense, to testify, as they expressed it, at once their
respect for his official rank and the high esteem in which he
was held by all classes of the community. On the nextday
he was followed to the grave by all the public authorities,
the members of the two Houses, the most distinguished per-
sons in the colony, and by thousands of grateful and mourn-
ing Legroes, to whose welfare he had largely contributed.
Mr. Cunningham assumed the Government of St. Kitt's in
May, 1839, and fell a victim, as his physician states, partly
"to the exhausting influence of tropical climates on the
nervous powers," and partly to the intensity of brotherly
affection, in the 36th year of his age.
FUNERAL OF TEE DOWAGER COUNTESS OF
SHREWSBURY. —On Tuesday forenoon the remains of the
Dowager Countess of Shrewsbury were interred with all the
solemn ceremonials of the Roman Catholic ritual. The
offices, dirge, and missa solemnis were chaunted in the chapel,
at St. John's Woed, several of the most distinguished mem-
bers of the Roman Catholic nobility being among the prin
cipal mourners. In accordance with the usual customs of the
religion, the coffin, ccncealed by the pall, thb coronet, the
plumes and funeral trappings, remained near the sanctuary
throughout the whole of the ceremonies. The deceased
Countess is generally and deeply regretted, both by reason
of her accomplishments and her disposition. Her reunions
at her London residence will not very speedily be forgotten.
SOCIETY or ARTS —An interesting paper by M.
Claudet, on photography, was read at the meeting of this
society on Wednesday evening. It commenced by observing
that during the past two or three years the chemical part of
the process had made but little progress, no substance
having yet been found more sensitive to the light than
iodine, bromine, and chlorine. The optical arrangement
was then alluded to. Until the present time object glasses
of sh rt focal length have been employed with a view of
operating more rapidly, but there is an objection to this.
The shorter the focal length the more the image is curved,
and the less it will coincide with the plane surface of the
plate upon which it is represented. Again, the angle formed
by the rays which converge towards the object glass is more
open as the focal length diminishes. It follows that objects
situated upon different planes in relation to the object gilts
will be reflected of a size proportionate to the width of
angle under which they are represented. Objectai glasses,
therefore, of the greatest possible focal length
tie used. The imaee obtained by
inverted; it consequently becomes necessary
reasons rYTkie line which
image if a pertrait, for several
Lai the line formed by
crosses the two eyes is nearly parallelthe refracting
ttLoip.greicanyvnerterathile
image—thea parallel mirror, the
ndaiwthseysliksetr.aighThterethaerelathirreefs
Of these the prism appears to be
mnthoeett hma,i,owdusatyohi parted
ed
to the eye more perfect than the t•iahmpepaegpaerrsTot the camera as seer upon the ground
of an object by the
noein.sgegumaiti.te,,not
14elibe'lutal:
and
h The perception
re-
sultinggl s gi
sepntneosrtat
retinap oalgl:r-tapne.ous, but the action upon the daguerreo-
, plate is prcgressive. The strong lights operate first;
thente the half tints; and lastly, the shadows. By employing
screens, covered with black velvet, the strong horizontal
light is diminished, giving the reflected light time to operate
on the parts in shadow. By this means greater relief and.
roundness of effect is obtained. M. Claudet concluded by referring to some photographs onnfedpeatbprdeoermlionidbeeataitoiofnnedootfambfeyriiM.uage
wmhaisekheityhneey,
presented.remarkable T thber
iodidethe
the chloride of sodium, with nitrate of silver and gallicp
were used to produce them. The second communication .
was by Mr. Jordan on mechanical carving. The subject
was illustrated by many beautiful specimens, but owing to
the length of the first paper, its consideration was postponed
till the next meeting.
GREECE.— We find the following in a letter from
Ancona, of the Bth, published by the Augsburgh Gazette:—
" The last courier from Greece brought letters which state
that a misunderstanding had occurred between M. Mussurus,
Ambassador of the Ottoman Porte, and M. Coletti, President
of the Council. It is thought that M. Mussurus will be re-
placed by another ambassador. It appears that the King
had himself undertaken to be the guarantee of his Aide-de-
camp, Colonel Karatassos, whose passport for Constantinople
M. Mussurus had refused to sign. At a Court ball, which
took place shortly afterwards, the King approiched M. M9s.
surus, and said :—` Is it thus you treat the guarantee of a
King?" and immediately withdrew, without giving M. Mus-
surus time to answer. Some days after, M. Mussurus called
upon M. Coletti for an explanation of the King's words, but
only received an evasive reply. M. Coletti, however, ad-
dressed a note to the Greekte omoAttmbasansardoorrteatoCfownhsr
hadtin ooplce:
directing him to inform the
curred.