The Sun.
London, England, 1841-03-27 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, i 41

Colonial-office, or by the authorities at home,
they become doubly mischievous. Mr. WAKE-
FIELD'S scheme of selling the land and transport-
ing labourers to cultivate it, appears to us to
be as faulty in this respect as that of the Colo-
nial-office. It requires all the devices which are
in use here, to preserve order and obedience.
Hence police, gaols, and extravagant Governors,
are coeval with the first breaking up of the vir-

gin soil.
We look on the circumstances we have
pointed out—namely, that the spreading of
people over the continent of America, is the
dictate of their own unbiassed minds, which en-
ables them completely to adapt all their institu-
tions to their condition ; and that the spreading
' of our people over the islands of the southern
hemisphere, is not the dictate of their own un-
biassed minds, and not being such a dictate, they
are competent to take along with them a large
off-set of the power which bias and controls
them—as affording an explanation of the com-
plete success of the Americans, and the partial
failure of our people. We at least have no recol-
lection of any off-set of the Americans calling on
the American Government to supply them with

150,000/. ; nor, as far as we know, have the
squatters in New Zealand ever made any such
demand on the British Government. The free
and unbiassed system, we conclude, is therefore
the most advantageous.

The rage for Church Extension, with which Sir
ROBERT INGLIS, Dr. CHALMERS, the Bishop of
LONDON, and some other interested parties, have
been afflicted for some years, appears to be on
the decline. In Scotland the great complaint is
that the churches cannot be filled. In Edin-
burgh some of the churches are half empty, not-
withstanding all the outcry about Non-intrusion,
and the sacred duty of patrons in selecting
]?reachers who can edify their flocks, and the ap-
people
According t the td. 'by the
themselves. o urgn
papers, one church, which has been vacant fbr
six months, has not contained for the last few

years a sufficient number of hearers to pay the
salary of the precentor ; and it is a well known
fact that in many of the chapels where the
preacher is appointed by the popular voice, either
he, or a great proportion of his hearers, soon
change quarters; the former sometimes for a
better and sometimes a worse living, and the
latter for some novelty sprung up in the neigh-
bourhood. In Glasgow, where the Non-intru-
sion system has for many years been more prac-
tised than in any town in Scotland, the condition
of the churches is still worse. Too many churches
have been built—we will not say for the extent of
the population, but, at all events, for the religi-
ous feelings of those connected with the Esta-
blishment—and the consequence is that the
patrons have been compelled to lower the price
of the sittings in the vain hope of increasing the
revenue. The following extract from a Glasgow
paper shows that neither Church Extension nor
Non-intrusion, nor any of the nostrums of Dr.
CHALMERS, can crush the Dissenters or prop up
the Establishment :

" The Town Council resolved, at their last meeting, to make
a considerable reduction in the prices of the sittings in the Es-
tablished churches, the only effect of which will be to reduce
still further the amount of the revenue drawn from the ecclesi-
astical property belonging to the Corporation. The falling off
for some years has been at the rate of about 2501. per annum,
and we may therefore expect, instead of that deficiency, to
find it reach to nearly 5002. in the ensuing twelve months. The
cause of the defalcation is obvious, and cannot be arrested by any
reduction in the prices of the sittings. A large number of new
churches, greatly beyond the demand on the part of the church-
going population belonging to the Establishment, have
of late years been erected ; and many of these being
placed in more convenient localities than the former
fabrics, have drained off the sitters from the City churches.
For a time sittings were retained in both the old and new
churches; but gradually, as people became accustomed to the
latter, they abandoned altogether their former places of wor-
ship. No complaints were made that the sittings were too
high; it was convenience alone that led to the change; and
hence it is vain to expect, by any reduction, to bring back
those who find themselves comfortably provided for elsewhere.
The church-building mania, intended as a means for crush-
ing the Dissenters, is now producing only the fruits that
were all along expected from it, and will ultimately, with-
out adding to the adherents of the Establishment, prove
destructive to the ecclesiastical property of the Corpora-
tion. To institute a comparison between the charge for
seat-rents in the Dissenting and Established churches, is
most unfair. The latter have been erected at the public ex-
pense, and are endowed from the public funds, while the Dis-
senters not only build their own churches, and pay their own
clergymen, but have many calls upon their liberality to which
the members of the Establishment are not of necessity exposed.
The indispensable ecclesiastical expenditure of the adherents of
the Establishment is confined to the single lit,.
but it is very different with those who maintain their own
churches and ministers without dipping into the public purse,
and do so in many instances in a manner infinitely superior'to
what we find in the much-boasted-of Establishment. The
" disease," which the Lord Provost acknowledges to exist within
the established pale, will be found somewhat difficult of cure,
and its progress is not likely to be arrested by the palliative
about to be tried."

The Suit of Tuesday last announced the near
termination of negotiations among the Five
Powers for the ratification of a new convention
guaranteeing the pacification of the East. This
convention has received the sanction of the
French Government, and will he signed as soon
as the diplomatists have settled a preliminary
point of form. It guarantees the independence
of Turkey, and authorizes the SULTAN to close
the Straits of the Dardanelles against vessels of
war of all nations. With these facts before us,
we are not disposed to place much reliance upon
the following report, which we find in a Frank-
fort paper received this morning, dated the
lith inst :
According to a report lately arrived at Paris, and addressed
to a great personage, new and great difficulties have arisen in
the affairs of the East, which had almost come to a conclusion.
The confirmation of the news that the Viceroy intends to retire
from public life, and to abdicate in favour of Ibrahim, causes
a great sensation. The first news wai brought to this city by
a courier from Paris. It has had some effect on 'Change.

The whole of the Paris Journals of Wednes-
day have reached us. The Moniteur has the
following telegraphic despatch from Bayonne :
BAYONNE, MARCH 23.
THE SUB-PREFECT TO THE MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR.

The opening of the Cortes took place on the 19th. Es.
partero was not present at it. There was no speech. Madrid
is perfectly tranquil."
The debate in the Chamber of Peers on the
Fortifications Bill engrosses the whole attention
of the Journals. The best speeches against
the Bill were made by the Baron de BRIGODE,
and Count MOLE. The former made a severe
attack upon the late Cabinet. The following ex-
tract from his speech created quite a sensation in
the Chamber:-.

The idea of converting a large city like Paris into a for-
tified town, was, in his opinion, a chimerical project. Indeed,
the Government itself admitted this, and therefore stated
that it was not intended to make of the capital a fortified
town sullject to the laws and regulations of other fortified
places, but the construction of a bastioned wall or enclosure
would really be attended with all the inconvenience at-
tached to fortified towns in general, and it was frightful to
consider the anxiety and alarm in case of real danger of
a large population like that of Paris thus cooped up.
If Paris were to be entered by an invading army after a re-
gular and obstinate resistance behind the proposed fortifications,
it must expect to be treated with a'l the horrors of war. To
adopt the present Bill would, he contended, be 'nothing less
than passing a Bill of indemnity in favour of the Cabinet of Ist
of March. This alone should make them pause. lhe Peers
should also reflect on the flagrant violation of all constitutional
principles that was apparent in this affair. Thirteen millions
had been appropriated without their consent, and purchases of
land continued to be made, and works to go on, without. deign-
ing to ask the Peers whether they approved of the expense or
not. In fact the Chamber was treated as if it had nothing to
do with the affair.—(Sensation.) And what was the pretext
under which the fortifications of Paris had been resolved upon
by the late Cabinet? The Treaty of July 15. One hundred
and forty millions of the public money were to be expended
because a Treaty had been made by Four Powers, which, but
for the refusal of France, would have been made by five. This
was the Cabinet, tco, which called itse'f parliamentary, and yet
wh!eh passed over the Parliament on a question of expenditure
as if it had no right of control.
Count MOLE took the same view of the ques-
tion. The following brief extract from his speech
will serve to show the spirit in which it was con-
ceived :

floWurihsahtiogeouolitd?,,b_oef more unreasonable than to surround the
dis-
figure it with 2,000
thus
peroorfooupen.d
By iaris with a wall of circumvallation,
o.o.:dptheoces of cannon, and this in the midst of
would be most dimirtl.hssoseouloagneeliboefrftryi,enthdloyirregrlaotaiotnesetwhiathppali-1
happi-
ness,
thee s s
o, 0 whatns
eq o e
or eosenil t
finances, but to the proeressindoenfsxsttPcieet He felt convinced that
Urious, not only to their
vinijization, the arts, sciences,
&c., and create a f,eling of ivTostladnd jealousy in surround-
owsaoornikferopmrepparreactaiuotniso.n
ing States. The Government
occupied
cluaspt
iteodmaokne
to precaution, from distrust to distrust,
war apitar inevitable by the numberuosftg,
The Chamber of Deputies wasi"
Wednesday with the Law of Copyright. Only
half of the first article was adopted. The see)ad
,00f
letters was referred back for the reconsideration of the
Committee.
Thefromjir uadldel Havre announces, on the authority
onges,' that the town of Mayog
the•most flourishing in Porto Rico, has been destroyed'z by o
This deplorable misfortunehappened on the 20th of Ja fieuan re;
List, and in spite of the most extraordinary efforts the wholer
town, except about fifteen houses, was destroyed, and also
15,000 cwt. of 0,11',.e, whi,,:h was kept in the warehouse, in
expectation of hikflier Fieps. Only the hound warehouse,
on thk: beach eA,a,ed ti•-i: :liz.Jst,4-.
The Sphinx steamer, which arrived at Toulon on the lath,
touched at Mahon; where there were an American ship-of-the-

line and a frigate, the Victorieuse corvette, and the Cerbere
steamer. After leaving Mahon the Sphinx met the Grondeur
with the Duke of Aumale on board, and the Phaeton with the
mail.—Le Commerce.
WRIDNISDAY, MARCH 24.
first Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Pricy. Price
French 5 Per Cents ll2 ... 112 5 ... 111 A 5 ... Ili 95
4% per Cents lOl 50 101 50 101 50 ... 101 50
98 50 ".1 50

44";eir Cents
- ... 9S 50 ... 98 50 ... .-
3 per Cents 77 50 —, 77 50 ... 77 40 ... 77 40
Rank of trance —. .. ~..
...31..25
_31,7 50
Lllitte Bank I,ooot. Sh 1055 ...1055 ...1055 —10,5
ielgian BNaenwk
5 per Cents -.5163 ...5105 ...5166
10 R, .. 101% .. 101% —. 101%
lULTi ... 1 2 .. 101% ... 102
Spanish ACLIVe
L:Canof. Spares 511'51,
24% ... 24% ... 2 %
Passive % ... 5% ... 5% ... 5%
Veapolitan I" ... ie3 ... ,2 90 ... in? 90
Roman !••• 102 ii . 102% ... 1t2% ... 102%
RAILWAY SHARES.
Versailles.lt. B 31.2 50 ... 392 50 ... 390 ... 390
L.B. 3'o .. 310 .. 310 ... 310
Orleans . 483 75 ... 483 75 ... 483 75 ... 483 75
Strasburg to Bale .... 2 .. 236 25 ... :35 ... 235

Madrid Papers, of the 17th inst., have come to
hand. They bring no news. The Five per
Cents. were at 27} for cash, and 27i for 60 days.

CHURCH-RATES—OBEDIENCE TO LAWS.—By
the communication of a Correspondent, from
Dudley, we learn that the imposition of Church-
rates excited in that town a discussion as to the
bounds of obedience to the laws, so long ago as
1837. We are not surprised at it, l'or laws which
are partial and unjust, necessarily provoke the
practice of disobedience, and the practice leads
to investigate the theory of obedience. That
laws be obeyed it is essential that they be just
and good ; and we do not understand the minds
of those conscientious men who pretend to have
a great love for all the virtues, and at the same
time force men to obey a law which they ac-
knowledge to be unjust. The reason which
gave rise to these discussions at Dudley was the
seizure of goods, from thirteen persons, of the
value of 561. 15s. for a Church-rate, amounting
to 171. 13s. Dissenters of all classes then resisted
the rate, and it is only necessary, we are per-
suaded, that the resistance should be more ex-
tensive to procure the abolition of this odious im-
post. Churchmen have a bad conscience on this
subject, and they would drop the rates as a dog
drops a bone which he knows he has stolen,
r,wneii he is threatened with chastisement, where
ctondilir slid sturdily resisted. The people
of Dudley- propose, we pc.„:., .t.nprint 0111.
observations on these subjects, published this
day week. We can only regret, for their
sakes, that they are not more finished, more
elaborate, and more worthy of the cause ; but
the necessity of writing, day after day. on the
spur of the moment, deprives the writer for a
daily journal of the means to revise and condense
his thoughts, or to clothe them in a garb worthy
of them and the public, to whom they are ad-
dressed.

Dr. Chalmers, Candlish, and Co, commonly
called the rebellious, or non-intrusion party in
the Scotch Church, are getting every day deeper
and deeper into troubled waters. All their efforts
for the last six months to force one of their clan
into. the Old Church parish in Edinburgh, have
been signally defeated by a majority of 17 to 10
in favour of a clergyman who preaches obedience
to the laws. The Lord Provost, the lay cham-
pion of non-intrusion, has been rejected a second
time as candidate to represent the city in the
General Assembly, no other Chief Magistrate in
the history of Edinburgh having before been re-
fused the honour. Dr. Chalmers was defeated
by Dr. Hill in the contest for the Divinity Chair
at Glasgow; and Mr. Candlish, but the other
day, had the mortification to learn that his ap-
pointment to another chair was annulled because
he disobeyed the laws. These are all strong
symptoms of the returning good sense of the
Scotch people.

MONEY and CO 111IERCIAL NEWS•

CITYy FR,IDAY EVENING.
The funds were Improving again on the strength of t'.:6
favourable recounts by the Par ck Henry.
Cons, is for immediate transfer realised 88f to sq,
leaving off at 881 to 94, and for the April ac-
count 88i to 89, the closing value being the highest.
Exchequer Bills were a shade better, viz. 53. to
7a. premium ; and the New 'I tree-and-a-Hal' per Cents.
rose to 97i and 97t. There was a larger bona fide busi-
ness doing t:-day than for many weeks past.
The Foreign Bonds were dot it in to a greater extent,
and were also more buoyant. The Active Spanish Bonds
to day have been mark,el23a to 23k, the Portuguese New
Fire per Cent. Stock has impr,:v..,l to 32k, but we only
heard of one bargain at this leap from 31i and 31i, which
were the previous quotations ; the Three per Cents. were
at a rally to 19 and 19:1-; Mexic n Five per Cents. were
steady at 30, Chiiian at 63f to 62, Buenos Ayres at 23,
and Brazilian at 7i to 714 ; French Th►ea per Cent,F. at
77r. 25c., and Dutch Five per Cents. at' 99g. In the
Foreign Malta generally there was more business done,
and tile cause of the rise in Portuguese was said to be some
favour at,lc information received.
The Railway Shares were brisk. Great Western were
24f to 25f ; the New lif to 12A- ; the Fifths qto 6k; the
Birmirgnam and London 61 ; the Thirds 194 ; the New
21 ; the South Western 16i; and the York and North
' Midland 29f premium. The Brighton were bi ; the
North Midland 27; and the E,.:inburgh and Glasgow 58
discount. Briti,h North American Bank Shares were 5

discount.
The Foreign Exchange.; were firm tbi3 of ernoon, the
rates being these :—Pa-is 25, 62 to 67i ; Amsterdam
12 34 ; Antwerp 12, 24, 3; Hamburgh 13, Bi, 9; Frank-
firt 150 ; and Triestc 10 Itolo 2. The rate on London
CAMS over higher from Hamburgh, viz., 13 31.

(From The Sun of Last Night.)
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, MARCH 25.—There has
been a moderate demand for Cotton to day. The sales amount
to 4,000 bales, including 1,000 in speculation. Prices continue
steady, without any alteration, and the Market is rather firm.
LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, MARCH 25.—An extensive
bu,iness has been clone in the Share Market this day, and the
followint, comprise the transactions :—Glasgow, Paisley, and
Greenock, 23*; Grand Junction, 203 ; Great Western, SO ;
Do., New Shares, 6q ; Do., 20/. Shares, 98; London and
Birmingham New Shares, 204 ; Do. and South Western, Si.
shares, 42 ; Midland Counties, New Shares, 15* ; North Mid-
land, 73,1 ; North Union, SI.
PRICES AT FIVE O'CLOCK.—The Dutch Mail has arrived r f
the 24th March, bringing papers of the same date, with prices
from Amsterdam of March 23. Ardoin's Spanish 2011 to
20 15-1601 S.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, MARCH 25.—N0 ma-
;,, ro•ieeci except that Manchester and Leeds
are lower. Manchester and Leeds, 67; Lancaster and Pres•
ton, New, 23* ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 29 29*; Hull
and Selby, 43 43i ; Lon ton and Birmingham, New, 3.1.
Shares, 20 21 ; North Midland, 71 72 ; Bank of Manchester,
7* ; Stafford and Rugby, 2.
HAGUE, MARCH 23.—We read in the Stoats Courant,
that the King was to arrive at Rotterdam to-morrow, which
has been put off to the 29th instant, owing to a slight indispo-
sition.

BOURSE OF AMSTERDAM, MARCH 23.—The transactions
in the national funds have been less animated to-day, and the
sales of some parties caused a new depression in the prices.
The Actions of the Society of Commerce left off at 16',4 ;
Ardoin's Spanish remained without variation at 208 15-16;
Coupons, 20? 21.
It is now stated that there is no foundation for the President
and 131itish Queen being schl to the Belgian Government.
The arrival of the President steamer, ft om New York, is
hourly looked for. It is not expected that she will bring news
of importance, as her dates will be only two days later than
previously received, but by the Govert ment steamer from
Halifax, which sai'ed on the 16th instant, we may expect an
answer to Lord Palmerston's despatches sent to Mr. F.,x.
Consols, which hft off yesterday at 88,-i 89 for the Account,
Money 883 4, opened at the same quotations this morning, but
as yet little doing. Exchequer Bills 5 7 prem.
In the foreign market Spanish Active same as it left off,
232 Deferred 12i Passive 54 a, Portugues • also the
sante, 31* 4, hrce per Cents, 19%, Brazilian 71 72, Colom-
bian, 22%, Mexican 30* Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents.
not quite so good, left off soli 514, at present 50a 8 ; Five per
Cents. same as they left off 994. 104
SHARES. Great Western 24 25 prem. ; New 11i
prem. ; London and Brighton 65% dis. ; Blackwall 6 dis. ;
Birmingham 59 61 prem. ; Southampton 54% 552 per share ;
Croydon 12i 4 per share; Greenwich 74 8i per share; Man-
chester and Birmingham 16 15 dis.

PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE.
RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share.

Edinburgh and Glasgow
Gre It Western

Ditto New
Ditto Fifths
Londm and Brighton
London and Birmingham 9O l5l
Ditto Thirds
London and South Western 387 55:i..... to
Ditto Tenths
Manchester and Leeds
Ditto New Shares
North Midland ... lOO -
JOINT STOCK BANKS.
Union of Australia

25

... to ---

One hundred shares of the United States Bank were pur-
chased this morning at 51. 155., have been as low as 4/.
Consols may be quoted at present at the leaving off prices of
yesterday, 88,E 89 for the Account, for Money they have fluc-
tuated 8:48- h 4, and at present 888 ; Exchequer Bills rather
better, 5 7 prem.
In the Foreign Market little doing, Spanish Active, 23* 8
Portuguese 30h ; Three per Cents. 19 ; Mexican 30; Chilian
6:3h 62 ; Brazilian lower, 71*, have been 714 ; Dutch Two-
and-a-Half per Cents., 508 ; Five per Cents., 99g.
In Shares some businesS has been done : Edinburgh and
Glasgow, 346 ; Great North of England, 898 90 ' • Great
Western Fifths, 94, 10: London and Brighton, 44; London
and Birmingham, 151 ; '.l nircts, ait ; INorth 311,lland, 72i.
Con,ols, Money, 888 ; Account, 88'h ; Columbian, 216 22h ;
Mexican, 294 30; Deferred, PA 93.4 ; Portuguese, 314 32;
Three per Cents., 19k; Spanish, 238 231.
No nevi s of the President by the second train from Liverpool.
CLOSING PRICES.
BRITISH FUNDS.
Bank Stock lndia Stock
3 per Cent Red — Ditto Bonds dis
3 per Cent Cons BBa Ditto Old Annuities ...
3h per Cent Red — Ditto New Annuities...
New 38 per Cent 97* Ex. Bills, 1,000/....20 7pm
New 5 per Cent Ditto 500/ spm
Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small 9pm
Jan. 1860 ... !Bank Stock for Opg. ...
Oct. 1859 — India Stock for 0pg....
Jan. 1860.
FOREIGN FUNDS.
Austrian, 5 per cent.... Portuguese, 5 per cent.
Belgian, 5 per cent Ditto, New Ditto 32h
Brazilian 80nd5.......... 71* Prussian, 5 per cent —
Buenos Ayres, 6 per cent 23 Russian, 5 per cent
Chilian, 6 per cent...... 62 Ditto, Metallic..
Colombian, 6 per cent... Spanish, 5 per cent 238
Ditto, 1824. — Ditto, Deferred ...
Danish, 3 per cent 798 French, 5 per cent. —f. —c.
Greek, 18:45, 5 per cent — Exchange —f. —c.
Mexican, 5 per cent.... 30 French, 3 per cent 77f. 25c,
Ditto, 6 per cent, 1825. Dutch, 22 per cent. ... 50;
Peruvian, 1825; 6 per et. Ditto, 5 per cent 99
SHARES.
Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway(4o paid).., 34h
Great North of England Railway (t 0 paid) 66
Great Western Railway (65 paid)
Ditto New Shares (50 paid) 621
Ditto Fifth (4 paid)
London and Brighton (50 paid)
London and Birmingham Railway (90 pd) 151
Ditto Thirds (32 paid) 514
Ditto New Shares ( 2 paid). 23
London and South Western ... ...........
Ditto Tenths
Manchester and Leeds (70 paid) ..... .
Ditto New Shares (30 paid) 29
North Midland Railway (100 paid)
. ..

York and North AlidlLui Rail7way '(5O pd) 791
COURSE OF EXCHANGE—(YESTERDAY).

Amsterdam CF. 12 6i Gibralt'ar -48
Ditto, at sight - Leghorn
Rotterdam ...2 U. 12 7 Genoa . . . 25 85
Antwerp l2 6 'Milan
Hamburgh M.B. 13 12 'Venice 47
Altona
Paris, 3 days' sight ... 25 55 Palermo, per oz 119
Ditto, 3 months 25 80 Lisbon
Marseilles
Bourdeaux 25 85 (Rio Janeiro 2B
Frankfort on Maine... 1501 'Bahia
Petersburgh, 3Us ... 37i Buenos Ayres
Perlin ..... ... ............ 6 27 !New York, 21 days' sight 46i
Vienna, effec. fl. 3M. 10 3 (Philadelphia 46
Trieste, ditto
Madrid
Cadiz
Bilboa . . 35 New Doubloons 0 0 0
Barcelona
Seville ... 35 Silver in Bars 0 5 0