The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-23 00:00:00

LArIaTddEen,IILA.O4O7U R E
WHAT TO OBSERVE.IB4I
Under the quaint title of :‘ What to Obse ',- --;
---
-
Traveller V
},-;•..,
's Remembrances Mr. Jack )1,., ;:,- 7-•-c 21)2''
-___-
• 0
°him' tPtro-duceul highly uspeefrutlinievioirtkp,rewfahcoes:
li-1..,..../4,-----.1.1::-•.-t-,:-,:-i
ject, pie tells us in a ~:rief,.
"1- ,•- ' ---
to point out to the uninitia,..cA traveller what ?.,,,>\s-, .;,-,-
should observe, and to remind the one who --,)'f''l! :If,' lv
well informed, of ninny objects which, but fora , ,:_ NN
1 '
remembrancer, might escape him." This object "E:C-A '
the author has successfully accomplished, and.
his volume will have the desired effect of excit-
ing a wish for useful knowledge, by awakeniug
curiosity. It consists of a certain number of
Divisions, each of which is divided into Sections,
suggesting a variety of inquiries relative to the
geographical position of countries, their general
aspects, climate, temperature, geological and
mineral productions, &c. The traveller, who is
anxious to turn his opportunities of visiting fo-
reign regions to good account, will find many
serviceable hints in this compact, carefully con-
sidered volume.

INTRODUCTORY DISCOURSES DELIVER-
ED AT MANCHESTER NEW COLLEGE.
Simpkin and Marshall, London, 184:1.
The Discourses comprised in this volume were
delivered, it seems, in Manchester New Goliege,
at the opening of the Session of 1840, and refer
to some of the most important branches of Philo-
sophy, Science, and the Belles Lettres. That on
History, is by Mr. Kenrick, and discusses a po-
pular and interesting theme with much judg-
ment
and acumen. Referring to the often de-
bated question of how far it is fit that historians
should be impartial or otherwise, the Lecturer
justly remarks, " the only kind of impartiality to
which, as it appears to me, the teacher of his-
tory can pretend, is to state all evidence fairly
as far as is known to him, to refer to authors who
have espoused opposite sides; to abstain from in-
vective and insinuation, and' to regulate his in-
structions by the spirit of philosophy, not of
partizanship." If Hume had written English
history in this spirit, he would have been a far
--renter authority than he is at present; and if
Zile
_ome candid spirit had pervaded Gibbon's
71oured, one-sided episode of the rise
highly.‘,
of the early Christian Reformers,
hisd
anrogress
" Decline and Fall of Rome"
p admirable
would have placed
him at the head of all the
' historians of the mode world. The best, be-
....
' cause the most thoughtfut, discourse in the vo-
lume is the one on "Mental and Moral Philo-
sophy," by Mr. James Martineau, which exhi-
bits in every page great closeness and subtlety
' of reasoning.

CARLI6T REFUGEES:
PROCLAMATION OF CABRERA.
To the sub-officers and the officers of the army
Arragon, of Valentia„ Murcia, and Catalonia.—Never
was any opportunity of showing their religious and
political constancy and fidelity to their King more fa-
vourable to Spaniards devoted to litn than under actual
circumstances, when we are about .)-Ring deprived of
every resource. By your sufferings and ;Tour privations
during a protracted and cruel war, you ga,.e numerous
proofs of your devotedness. The period is woe when
the Spanish character must show itself more thin ever
that character so much lauded by both our political ...1.114
foreign enemies. It is this day that your General cks-
mands of you to show religious virtue, constancy, fidelity:,
and devotedness to a cause in which your blood was shed'
on the Soil of your country. It is now for us to exact
the admiration of the foreigner and of our own enemy—
our country ! And I this day hope to be a witness to the
intrepidity of those whom I had the honour to lead ou
to victory, to reap imperishable laurels in the history of
human events. The recent unjust sequestration of an
inimical Government we must support with magnani-
mity, with calmness, and with the truly Spanish cha-
racter which has ever been so honourable. Constancy,
companions in arms ! Fidelity, perseverance, firmness
are more necessary to-day than before. It is the last
stroke to crush us, but God will protect us, and save us
from the danger. We have friends who flee no opportu-
nity of endeavouring to assure the subsistence of the
brave and valiant defenders of their religion and of their
King. Let us confide in them ; let us implore their pro—
tection ; and never forget it never failed those who
solicited it from the heart. Let us prove to the whole
world that the Spanish have ever been, and will ever be;
models of valour, of constancy, and of loyalty. Her'
Majesty, it is said, is endeavouring to induce the foreign
Pjwers to admit us in their States. Your General .s as
wretched as you, his companions in arms, but he does
not despair. My prayers are the sunne as yours. But I
bury them in my heart until thatday when at your head,
my sword may give a last testimony of devotedness and
fidelity to the just cause of God and of legitimacy.
6 cannot console you in anything, my fate is yours, but
• whithersoever it lead us, let us retain these principles,
and let the Spanish name maintain the place it bas gained.
Reckon ever on him who is honoured by calling IninFelf
your companion in glory and fatigue.
(Signed) t` COMPTE DE MORELLA.
, " Ilyeres, May 12, 1841."

CASE OF JAMES MAXWELL TILE

PILOT.
It is hoped that no apology will be required for biopg—
iog before the public the following case of ext eni-,. •
distress, connected as it. is. with circumstance: Wiliell
must be interesting to every generous and hunianc in-
dividual under whose notice this may come :
In the 171st number of Chambers' Edinburgh Journal
there is a _narrative detailing an instance of one of the
most- miraculous preservations of human life, from de-
struction on board ship, that has almost ever oceurYed.
It is under the title of " A Hero in Huinblr
Life," and exhibits the self-denial and bra very
of one James Maxwell, (under the fictitious name
of Cochrane,) a pilot, who, in the ?,ear 1827, was the
individual means of saving the lives, to the Um-
ber of betwixt seventy and eighty, of the passengers and -
crew of the Clydesdale steam-packet. This vessel was.
destroyed by fire on her voyage betwixt Glasgow and
Belfast, and the preservation of those on board of her
by the pilot, is thus abridged from the article in Cham-
bers' Journal alluded to :—" On its being ascertained
that the only way to save those on board was to run the
vessel ashore, the pilot instantly took the helm and fixed
himself to the spot. The fire, which the exertions of all the
men could not keep under,•soon raged with ungoveniable
fury, and keeping the engine in violent action, the vessel.
one of the fleetest that Kid ever been built, flew through the
1 water with incredible speed. All the passengers were ga-
thered to the bow, the rapid flight of the vessel keeping that'
part clear of the flames, whileit carried the. fire, flames,
and smoke, backward to the quarter deck, where the
pilot stood like a martyr at the stake. Everything
possible was done by the master and crew to keep. the
place on which ha stood deluged with water, but this
became every moment more difficult and hopeless, for,
in spite of all that could be done, the flames seized the
cabin under him, and his feet were literally roasted on
the deck. Still he never flinched, for, had he done so,
all might have perished. At intervals, the motion of the
wind threw aside the intervening mass of flame and smoke
for a moment, and then might be heard exclamations of hope
and gratitude, as the multitude on the bow got a
glimpse of the brave man,'standing calm and fixed on
his dreadful watch. -By this time the vessel was within
a stone-cast of the Galloway coast, girded, as his,
with perpendicular masses of rock, but every corner of
which the pilot was acquainted with, and this enabled
him. to run her into an open ,snace, and alongside L
ledge of rock, upon which every person got safe on
It vohbi i
em
true.tlley • o a'
Poore, d t h:iiralLv lives." shore, -all unscathed, crept the self-devoted one, to
The foregoing particulars have been all ascertained
and his constitution so shattered by, hi:vaesxes°rtioi
however,
In, injured,
u raedn
d,
sufferings on that awful occasion that he his
pabilloet :Joy,
do onea
never been the same man since. For several years,
subsequent to,this occurrence, he was employed as. a
on the Clyde but for a long time he has not been
bed-
ridden (in fact, in a dying state), and ,obfaethcres,mtoonstl.respectable Steam Companies
severe rheumatism' of the breast and legs
fcrheTdren,
effects 'of the fire. He has a wife and sill
are
the eldest only fourteen years or age, and a
com-
pletely destitute. IS lrouprTnteglyim d
theerAs it is supposed that ma.nY
charity towards this de-
feel pleasure in extending thew
-that it- would he frpplied •
serving individual,
if assureder at] gentlemen, who have inquired_
humane peraons would
properly, the following a
mittee, for the par-
case, have formed themselves into a ni _ ,
l infathe
and properlN app 3' ~
pose
of receiving contributions, .
Gl ; ow ; .Messrs.
11• Napier engineer, a.- g _,,
into, and are conversant ewith, thceocireurnstances of the
same, namely, Mr • ,
steam gickeambte.3gecontsn,du(o-rtloaras-
of the Journal, Edinburgh ;
,a Mr. U. W. Hamilton, Ge-
Robeßrtowlinrg B—a' '.-G-- 1...5g0-V4
office, Edinburgh anil
g'ill'oehralovnl;issi‘otieneasnasiird.:Mckaielclteiacomnonmaenpllda,
idly
Mr. George Mills, shipbuil ert
forwarding subsel ri )ti6
facility of the e
penny PdsitUldnividuals isrespectfulllrs tog
remittable. It It is likewise
eewdiltllitttliose who may be Oiily sag
Fasted .
athneyloai.tttehreacatbionNg,e secretary 'or the subscriiiion. -Tit?
give- insertion to
induce others to join them m
aasitini deditorsit
uhlao(s)111I:f
newspapers
,s, .
this notice as an act of
gethoospateffeddort;dh
charity, if suitable with ,their ar-
rangements.--Glasgow
rangements.—Glasgow Argus.
making up an amount easily remi
--- -
From the year 1826, so distinguished for tong
and severe drought, there has been nothing equal to the
present year. Since the month of XOvember, last year,
there has been scarcely any interruption to the working
of the plough, except what arose from frost ; and the
consequence has been that the land has been
better prepared, and the seed of every description
committed to the earth under more faourable
circumstances than we ever remember. Until about
fourteen days ago nothing had suffered, even on
light lands, the complete pulverization of the soil having
enabled it to resist the drought with more effect than
could have been anticipated. Since then, lionever, the
pasture and the hay crop have both suffered grievously,
not more front the drought than irons the chilling and
piercing north-east winds which have prevailed ; and in
some districts there has been a scarcity of water, even
for ordinary domestic purposes. But since Monday the
sky has been cloudy, with the appearance of rain, and
yesterday morning it. began to fall in mild and gentle
showers, which prevailed during the greater part of the
day, aniwith every appearance of continuance. Alreaal:y
the parched and baked earth has 4gun to feel its influ-
ence, and vegetation looks fresUr. With a farther
supply of rain and warm weather, the prospect of a plen-
tiful harvest is as gratifying as could bit wished Ler._
Caledonian Mercury