The Sun.
London, England, 1847-04-02 00:00:00

FLANDERS MAIL.

BRUSSELS, MARCH 30.—The Senate was engaged in
its sitting yesterday on the project of law relating to the
gold coin. Many Members pointed out the inconve-
nience which they thought would result from deviating
from the Freneh monetary system, but the Minister of
Finance explained that all the proposed m,cidifications
contained advantages and securities to preserve the pre-
sent coin of the countay against exportation. The gene-
ral discussion was closed.
The Emancipation has the following paragraph •
.. A well-informed correspondent in Paris states as a
fact which is now certain, that the Emperor Nicholas
will visit France at no distant time."
There is nothing at all impossible in this news. It is
not forgotten that the Emperor Nicholas began by
sending the Grand Duke Constantine to Toulon and to
Algiers. That he was gratified by the reception, which
his son met with in these two points of the French terri-
tory. After having himself visited England which, not-
withstanding efforts, and especially his enormous pro-
dugality, he left but little satisfied with British hospi-
tality. The Emperor, like his ancestor Peter the Great,
was supposed to have conceived the idea of witnessing
more nearly the civilisation of France, in order to com-
pare it with that of other countries. We see that the
financial operation of fifty millions of francs is not an
isolated fact.
The Echo de Luxemburg of the 23d, says—At the last
corn market there was a decline of 2f. per hectolitre.
The reduction of the charges made by the Northern
Railway Company for the conveyance of wheat, flour,
rice, potatoes, and corn of every description, has pro-
duced results as fortunate as unexpected. The convey-
ance of these articles in the first ten days of March,
amounted to 1,914,878 kilogrammes, and in the second to
3,364,752 kilogrammes.
ANTWERP, MARCH 31.—A letter from Leghorn
says—" The disappearance of winter, which threatened
to be so fatal to our agricultural produce, and the happy
commencement of the new season, has induced our far-
mers to sell the corn which they kept back in hopes of a
further rise. In many parts of this province, the rape-
seed his the most favourable appearance; corn, especi-
ally wheat, has in a short time become surprisingly
vigorous. The farmers are sowing linseed, planting
potatoes, and all agricultural labours aro prosecuted
with great activity. The weather second these efforts,
ti hich will lend to a result that will make up for the
losses of the two last harvests.

POSEN, MARCH 17.—Very great dissatisfaction is
cauicd by the appointment of Baron lliller Von Gar-
tringen to the post of Provincial Mar,hal of the Diet
of the Grand Duchy of Posen, in the approaching
united Diet of Berlin. This dissatisfaction is felt by
the Poles, and especially the Polish deputies to the Diet,
though the most unprejudiced among Ilium do not think
it very unreasonable, Poles having been constantly ap-
pointed to that office in the seven first provincial Diets
of the Grand Duchy,

Tinrrisit Irtox COMPANY.—The annual meeting of
this Company was held yesterday, at the office in
Threadneedle-street. Sir George Larpent, Bart., took
the chair. The report of the directors stated that there
was a balance of assets in the Company's favour of
4,5511. 9s. 4d., subject to be increased on the one hand
by some further receipts, which are expected to arise
from the compositions for calls; and, on the other hand,
to be diminished by any new claims against the Com-
pany. The directors were desirous that a dissolution of
the Company should take place at as early a period as
should be found consistent with the interests of the Com-
pany; and they had tor that purpose caused advertisements
to be issued, giving notice to all parties to bring in any
claims they might have against the Company. The
Chairman regretted the delay which had taken place,
and must still take place, before the final dissolution of
the Company could be effected. He hoped that it would
be, at furthest, within the present year, or soon after-
wards. Mr. Drane thought they ought to have at least
ss. a share paid back to them out of the assets in hand;
but did not press any resolution. Mr. Hitchens thought
it more advisable to wait till the whole of the assets were
ascertained, when he hoped the dividend would be much
more considerable. John Horsley Palmer, Esq., and
Sir G. Larpent, were re-elected directors. A vote of
thanks was psssed unanimously to the worthy Baronet
in the chair and directors of the company, when the
meeting adjourned.
EARTHQUAKE IN FRANCE.—On the 18th, about
ten at night, two sharp shocks of earthquake were felt
at Eaux-Bonnes (Basses Pyrenees), and on the 23d, the
same phenomenon was repeated between four and five in
the afternoon.

CAUTlON.—Yesterday, a well-dressed man
Kensington,eaii
at a ladies' seminary, in Phillimo p
D cuGring the
n rive
he t - d
temporary absence
open a closet, and carried off several
upon the pretext of
ofof tohbetlaaindyin
articles of plate.
to
PUBLIC TESTIMONIAL TO THE LATE SIR T. P.
go f t thheree- terms.ol house
BUXTON.—Wo understand that the public testimonial to
the memory of the late Sir T. Powell Buxton has re-
ceived a very gratifying support from persons of all
ranks, at home and abroad, and from thousands of
negroes in Africa and the West Indies. His Royal
Ilighness Prince Albert has forwarded a subscription of
501., in token of his estimation of the benefits conferred
on the cause of humanity, and on the African race in
particular, by this distinguished Christian philanthropist.
A working model of the statue to be erected in West-
minster Abbey has just been completed, by Mr. Frederick
Thrupp, which does great credit to that artist.
ROYAL COLLEGE OW CHEMISTRY.—A numerously
was held at the rooms of the college in HanoverlquaTne,
thei
attended meeting of gentlemen, supporters of this institution,
Wednesday evening last, William Ewart, Esq., A P
the history and art of calico printing,
Mr. Warrington on
and the immediate bearings of chemistry on this important
chair, when a highly interesting lecture was delivered by
design in bringing this
stating that his principal _
.subject be-
fore the members was to demonstrate the bearings of the
branch of manufacture. Mr. Warington commenced by
l ptt;h:ebadu
elos
bfmtayo
tachtdro
heeeu
referring
n rt ereoi
at on Institutionfg
etonly
roteachers
whileahnedf
eolbst objects demonstration
enuac students
estdnh
oteabsf
cectkothnhlpel
orae
il
Nogt
n,dei:u,gt.
gcri
but:l ~
science of chemistry on one of the large manufactures of this
country; and that he hoped the example would be followed
alsoetgabix ynoh
exertions
r , others,Nl
va:ho:Candel lecturer el
nlatr
shouldhnvacdralpoo w
n on their own responsibilities. Amongst
the members present were Lord Newry, Sir John Guest,
Bart., M.P., Wm, Beckett, Esq., M.P., Sir James Clark,
Bart., Mr. Braude, Dr. Arnott, Dr. Bevan, Dr. Charles
Holland, F.R.S., Dr. Grant, George Lowe, Esq., F.R.S.,
A. 8f Taylor, Esq., F.R.S., and R. Porrett, Esq., F.S..A.
111 E EASTER FAlRS.—Preparations on an extensive
scale are already making for the annual fair at Stepney.,
which the parochial authorities have from time to time vainly
endeavoured to prevent. The fair will be held as usual on
Stepney-green. At Greenwich a great gala day is antici-
pated; several of the travelling theatres, each with its corps
dramaiique, arrived yesterday, and took up the positions re-
spectively assigned to them. There will be a fair on a some-
what smaller scale at Battersea, and it is also said there will
be a similar exhibition on Brook-green, Hammersmith,
although the inhabitants of the neighbourhood are opposed
to it.

THE LONDON DISTRICT POST LETTER CARRIERS.
—Yesterday Mr. Masterman, M.P., informed the letter-
carriers of the Genera: Post that he had that afternoon re-
ceived a note from Mr. Parker, one of the Secretaries of the
Treasury, to the effect that the memorial of the men had
been laid before the Lords Commissioners of ber Majestiak
Treasury, and that their Lordships had referred it to tW,
Postmaster-Genere for his report thereupon.
REMOVAL OF THE WOOD PAVEMEnT.—At the
meeting of the Commissioners of Sewers on Tuesday, it was
agreed the whole of the wood pavement at present down in
St. Paul's-churchyard should be removed immediately and
re-laid with the three-inch granite, similar to what is laid
down in Cheapside and Fleet-street.
A FOREST ON FlRE.—About 500 acres of wood
iteharyoeling the burning
in the commune of Brumetz (Marne) were destroyed by
fire, three days ago. This disaster was occasioned by..
asthheeismOpf hie imprudence of
sozaf aosg votodhenarieidn

IMPROVEMENT in the POPULAR
REPRESENTATION.
The first public Qieeting of a society, entitled the
"National Alliance for Promoting the real Representa-
tion of the People in Parliament," was held on Wed-
.nesday evening at the London Tavern; William Howitt,
Msg., in the chair. The attendance was very large, and
the platform was crowded with several well known ad-
Tocates of universal suffrage.
The CHAIRMAN 'said that, proud as he was to be
called upon to preside over the meeting, yet he must
request their indulgence, as he had not, from pressure ;
of other engagements, been able to devote his time to
the subject—an agitation for which they had commenced
that evening, and which he had little doubt they would
prosecute successfully. He was surprised that an
association like the present had not beets established
before. However they had increased in wealth, they had
not increased in their political power or position. On
the contrary, they had been retrograding, and that had
taken place of late years, when they should have been
progressing. The change had taken place since the
Revolution of 1688. They had since that period
neglected their constitutional rights, and had allowed
the aristocracy to usurp some of their most valuable
privileges. It was by that most culpable neglect that all
the wars in which they had been engaged had been
permitted, and it was those wars which had imposed on
the country those debts which every man felt, at his
trade, or by his fireside at home. The whole export
duties of the country amounted to 50,000,0001., and the
annual taxes amounted to much more; the balance be-
tween which fell upon the working man. The conse-
sequence was, that their profits were ground down to
the greatest minimum. For such abuses they required
reform. This reform should be most comprehensive.
They wanted reform in the House of Parliament, for
-what went by the name of Parliamentary reform re-
minded him of what Lord Denman had said of another
question—" That it was a mockery, a delusion, and a
snare." Of about 30,000,000 in this country, only
1600,000 had a voice in the representation of Members of
Narliament. They wanted to extend the suffrage.—
(Hear, hear, and cheers.) Every man in the country,
however poor, had a clear and indefeasible right to have
a vote for a political representative. They also wanted
reform in all the offices of Government; they wanted
reform in the Excise offices and in the Customs; they
wanted reform in their criminal code as well as their
civil code; they wanted reform in the law of primo-
geniture and in the law of entail; they wanted further
reform in the direction of free trade, for what they had
already obtained was insufficient to carry out the prin-
ciple of free trade, or to enable them to compete with
ether countries. The way in which they were to effect
this, was by operating beneficially upon the system of
Parliamentary representation. If they could have
achieved that before, they would have prevented several
other evils that had afflicted the people in this and the
sister country ; but he believed that the time was
now come when they could effect all they wished in
this way.
The SECRETARY here stated that he had received
letters of apology from Dr. Bowring, Messrs. Sharman
Crawford, Miles, W. J. Cox, T. Bankes, and Thomas
Sturge, who were prevented by illness, or some other
cause, from attending, but all expressing sympathy in
the objects of the meeting. The last named gentleman
inclosed a cheque for 201.
Mr. G. CLARKE proposed the following resolution
" That the safety of a nation depends on the virtue and
wisdom of its people, and upon a free Government,
honestly and economically administered by representa-
tive institutions. Tnat the House of Commons is not a
Air representation of the people of Great Britain, be-
cause not above one in six of the adult male population
can vote in the election of its Members ; and because the
small and declining boroughs, whose elections are made
at the dictation of aristocratic patrons, are put upon a
level, in point of influence and political power, with the
large and wealthy cities, boroughs, and counties. That
the industrious classes are excluded from the right to
elect Members, and are deprived of the privilege to sit
in Parliament by absurd property qualifications. That
since the passing of the Reform Bill, the vexatious ope-
ration of the tax paying clauses has debarred many thou-
sands of men from the exercise of their undoubted
rights ; and the refusal of the Whig Government to re-
peal those clauses, is evidence of strong hostility to the
principles of popular progress. That the increasing in-
telligence of the people is an additional reason why their
claim to the possession of their political rights should be
at once admitted. That the disorganised state of poli-
tical parties, and the reasons above specified, lead this
meeting to resolve that the present is a favourable time
for creating a national movement in favour of the full
enfranchisement of all classes of the people."
Dr. Epps seconded the resolution, which was carried
unanimously.
Mr. H. VINCENT proposed the next resolution, which
was to the effect that the meeting cordially approved of
the formation of the national alliance for promoting the
real representation of the people in Parliament, because
it sought to extend the suffrage to every man of full age
and sane mind, to protect his vote by ballot, to provide
equal electoral districts, to abolish property qualification
for Members, to remunerate Members fur services per-
formed, and to procure annual elections. That the alli-
ance pledged itself to adopt no other than peaceful and
legal modes to rouse the people, and to urge their claims
upon the Legislature. This speaker recommended that
a sum of 1,0001 should be appealed for to the country for
the committee of the assoc•ation, and denounced the
Whig Government in very strong terms.
Mr. BONTEMS secondk d the resolution, which was car-
ried unanimously amid considerable applause.
Mr. C. GILPIN moved the next resolution, to the effect
that the success of the association depended upon the
zeal, prudence, and exertions of its supporters, and
their continuous subscriptions.
Mr. T. COOPER, who was received with great enthu-
siasm, seconded the resolution, which was carried unani-
mously.
Thanks were then voted to, and acknowledged by, the
Chairman.
The meeting then separated.

POOR RELIEF (IRELAND) BILL.
The followmg letter has been addressed to the editor
of the Times :

" Sir,—The Irish landlords are playing a bold game.
Finding the enactment of some poor-law inevitable, they
are endeavouring, and with too much success hitherto,
to introduce provisions which shall wholly defeat its ob-
ject, and make it, as nearly as possible, a dead letter.
Not content with having obtained a complete con-
trol over the administration of relief, by actually trebling
ate former proportion of the ex-officio to the elected
guardians, they proceeded, on Monday night, to attempt
to insert in the Bill two other clauses from the same
manufactory.

" One of-these they persualed the Minister to adopt ;
the other they very nearly carried against him, the ma-
jority in support of the Government being only three!
" The first of these landlord-framed clauses declares
that no relief shall, under any circumstances, however
pressing, be afforded to any person who holds more than
a quarter of an acre of land. More than this—if the
guardians arc not thoroughly satisfied that an applicant
for relief who once held I,nd has bond fide and com-
pletely parted with all his interest in it, they are pro-
hibited from relieving him.

" It is obvious how ready an excuse this will afford
fur the denial of all relief to a large class of poor, whom
the landlords themselves are driving into destitution.
The immediate effect cr the clause, which is to come
into operation in November next, will be to deprive of
their holdings and cast loose upon the wide and hard.
dealing world every one of the 300,000 or 400,000 small
farmers who are now receiving relief from the public
works. Under penalty ut certain starvation, they will
be required to renounce all interest in their holdings—
even in the cabin they themselves built—the land they
themselves reclaimed!
" But having given up all, how are they to live thence-
forward ? Will the landlord; who thus propose to use
the poor-law as an instrument tbr clearing their estates
find employment for them as day labourers ? Oh, no
They have no idea of doing so. Their intention and
expectation are, that these 300,000 or 400,000 evicted
cottier tenants will join the stream of emigration east-
wards—that is, into Britain—will find their way across
the channel with their wives and families, adding some
2,000,000 of destitute paupers to our struggling home
population
" This, in fact, cannot but be the result of the denial,
in November next, of all relief to those who may hold an
acre of land. They will not try the workhouse of Ire-
land until they have tried every town and parish in Bri-
tain first.

" The other clause, which was so nearly carried on
Monday against the Government by Lord George Ben-
tinck—heading a whip of both sections of the Opposi-
tion, united for the time nn the common ground of
landlord privileges—wag still more characteristic of its
authors.

" It modestly proposed to enact nothing less than this
--that the entire burden of the poor rate, which, by the
existing law, is now divided between the landlord and
the ooecupier should for the future be borne by the lat-
ter alone- They, a party of landlord legislators, enact-
le
ing slaw imposesamount, but
which a tax of unknown
'1.4 hie h the
vihelming yea'
,—they have
41iilteast, profess to believe will be of over-
and divide the 'eine the face to propose,
of, a clause to shiftAthaegainst the Government in favour
upn the shoulders of threicirwn lawful share of this tae
rented tenants. already over-taxed and ratks
trul-!
" And these are the farmers' f
are the gentlemen who have ever rie,endaQi li,r -These
the de-
claration that the interests of the landlotrhu-r .:Pa are identical! aiaq the tenant
" Fortunately, the clause was lost for the time, it will, no doubt, be again proposed, and not il Iltlt with success, in the Peers'. ImPrehably
" Then will come the time for trying the question
whether the Irish landlords are to be suffered to shirk
all responsibily for the support of the Irish poor—for
trying this question, not in either House of Parliament,
but in the great inquest of the nation—on the hustings
of a general election ! Then will the tenantry of Ire-
land have in their own hands the decision of this ques
tion, so vital to them ! Then will the const4Aueneies (-:,.
England and of Scotland be called on to de%ermine wile_
ther the owners of the broad and fertile setrfwie of Ire-
land—with a rental of 17,000,0001. at, the least, on the
estimate of their own champion, Lord George Bentinck
—are to escape from all contrillAttion towards the relief
poor law only
'states ; or to pass such a
those estates of a
of the poor u their n
pon
as shallow give them the power of clearing
(supposed) redundant population, and
driving their wretched and starving millions over the
channel, to be fed from our poor-rates by bread taken
out of the mouths of our own struggling and indus-
trious people. It is, I suspect, on that field, that the
battle with the Irish landlords is yet to be fought !
" I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
"JUSTUS."

,
Thnnedq-lon. Edward Strutt and Mrs. Strutt lift
torn yowrciay, for their residence, Kingston, near

,ti'

DR. LANDERER, OF ATHENS, ON
THE PREPARATION OF OTTO OF ROSES.
(From the Pharmaceutical Times.)
aTrhtehreesseea- treefesi and
e
ovfaluMeectchaan
neighbourhood g holef o urh oo
greaterd
Galilee,n
olive and lemon-trees in Italy and Greece. A rose
shrub costs from fity to sixty florins (from 41. to 5/.), and
is given as a dowry to the daughters of Armenians, who
are chiefly occupied with their
ten feet,
growth and cultivation.
Rose-trees, which attain a height of eight or
are cultivated with special care, the gardens being regu-
erularly freed every month from all weeds, and frequently
manured and irrigated. Heavy rains during the winter
indicate a plentiful harvest of roses. It is considered
as of great service in aece'erating the time of blooming
if ashes and camels dung are spread on the rose shrubs.
The small rose gardens are divided into qualrangular
partitions, and so well hedged round with cactus
plants, and other prickly shrubs, that it is impossible for
animals to get through them. Great attention is paid to
these hedges, which attain a height of from twelve to
fourteen feet; at the same time they do not cause much
expense. In the larger roso gardens there is situated in
their centre a small tower or observatory, so arranged
that the garden and neighbouring plantations may be
watched therefrom. During the time of blooming well
armed watchmen are placed in these towers to prevent
pilfering the roses, which would otherwise frequently
occur. As soon as the roses begin to bloom, and some
time before the rose dealers pass through the country, in
order to purchase the roses before they are re-
moved from the shrubs, these transactions are
generally arranged in the bazaars by the me-
diation of Jews, who act as brokers. At the time
of blooming, children and women repair to the
gardens before sunrise, with bags and baskets, in order
to gather the roses, and to carry them to places where
they are either preserved for exportation, or where they
are distilled. If the roses are intended to be kept fresh
for any length of time, they are most carefully freed
from the calyx and green leaves, and then placed in
large clay vessels and covered with salt. If they are
intended, as is commonly done, for preparing the otto of
roses, they are carried to the distills Ties, where
frequently from three to six stills are kept, the appa-
ratus for cooling the distilled liquor being very
imperfect. The cleaned roses are put into the still,
and water poured over them, together with a consi-
derable quantity of salt. After having been left for
two or three days to macerate, the operation of dis-
tilling is commenced, and continued until the distilled
liquor begins to assume a yellow colour. The rose-
water is taken away from time to time, and decanted
for cooling into clay vessels placed in water. To these
different portions different names are giver, and they
differ exceedingly in value ; fur instance, a bottle con-
taining about twelve quarts of the liquor obtained at the
beginning of distillation, sells for 150 to 200 piastres
(1/. I es. 3d. to 2/. Is. Bd.), while a similar quantity ob-
tained towards the end, may be purchased in the bazaars
of Alexandria, Cairo, Constantinople, and Smyrna, for
20 piastres (4s. 2d.)
The rose-water obtained at the commencement
of the process is used for preparing the oil
of roses, which is separated therefrom as follows :
Large porous clay vessels are filled with this water, and
tied over with linen; after which they are placed in
trenches dug in the earth, where they are left from six
to ten days, according as the nights are more or less
cool.
.They are covered over with straw moistened with
water, in order, by its evaporation, to keep them as cool
as possible. The water then becomes gradually covered
with an oily film, which condenses to a crystalline mass.
This is taken off with a skimmer, and the water repeatedly
undergoes the same cooling process, until no further
traces of oil appear. After being thus deprived of all
the oil therein contained, the water is then brought to
market for sale, or employed in preparing an inferior
sort of otto, which is afterwards exported to Europe as
fine Turkey otto. This kind of otto is met with in
the bazaars of Constantinople, Smyrna, &c., and is ob-
tained by strongly agitating the rose-water, which is
still very fragrant, with an oil received from Africa,
distilled from the wood of some odoriferous tree. After
the oil has separated, it is again agitated with another
portion of rose-water, lest it should not have assumed
the proper odour of roses, and is then left to stand, or
is buried in the ground, until it has perfectly separated
therefrom.

PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON
THE PREPARATION AND ECONOMY OF
INDIAN CORN, OR HOMMONY AS FOOD.
(From the Cork examiner.)
Having made a series of trials in c3oking and using
this food, I think the result may be useful to the public.
Finding that a young man, a labourer, and his wife,
who lived on my ground, consumed 21b. of Indian meal,
hastily cooked (which cost 4d.) at a meal, I had one
pint of the whole corn (weighing 11b.) steeped in cold
water for 12 hours, until it was quite soft (but not water
soaked), it swelled to nearly four pints—this was given
them, and they were unable to use it all for breakfast.
The account appears thus :-
41b. Indian meal for two meals per day, at 2-o. 9d.
21b. of Indian corn (two pints) ... at 2d. —4d.

sd.
daily, or 23. lid. per week—deduct 7d. for additional
fuel, leaves 2s. 4d. savin', per week..
Wishing to try the effect of additional steeping ; for a
man in my employment who has a family of seven, and
could not provide sufficient food at present prices, as they
required 71bs. of Indian meal at breakfast and the same
at dinner, or 141bs. per day which now cost 23. 6d., I
steeped six pints of the whole corn for 24 hours, it weigh-
ed 6lbs., and cost one shilling ; after boiling for 5 hours
in 24 pints of water, it swelled to 24 pints, and weighed
181bs. of which the family could u,e but 16 pints in the
day at two meals. The account appears thus :-
141bs. of Indian meal, ... ... 2s. 6d.

41bs. or pints of undressed corn, ... Os. ad.

is. lod.
Deduct allowance for additionel fuel .. 4d.

Is. ad.

per day, or 10s. 6d. weekly saving.
ON PREPARING INDIAN NEAL.
A source of much loss to the poor arises from their
hasty and wasteful mode of boiling Indian meal, under
the erroneous idea that by using it hard it proyes more
sustaining. The contrary is the fact ; to convince the
labourer and his wife of the advantage of proper cook-
ing, I had one pound of meal steeped for twenty-four
hours in cold water, then boiled in five pints of water
for 1-; hours : when cold and stiffit was turned like jelly out
of the bowl, and weighed seven pounds, and proved
sufficient for then at a meal, instead of their usual allow-
ance of 21bs. From the difficulty the poor encounter in
purchasing small quantities of the whole corn, it would
be a kindness for employers to buy a few sacks of it and
supply their out-door servants; also, where fuel is scarce, to
all the waste heat, after dinner is dressed, of their
kitchen ranges or fires, to be employed in boiling a ves-
sel or two of the corn, it is attended with but little ad-
ditional expense, and it is a considerable help to the poor
people who pay the first cost of the corn with gratitude.
JOHN ABEL.
Riverview, Limerick, 3d mo. 3, 1547.

FASHIONS FOR APRIL.

(From the " London and Paris Ladies' Magazine of

Fashion.")
__.

The new taffetas and silks intended for redingotes are
very elegant, foulards, peltins, and silks of every variety,
striped, checked, jas:e .s moires, or in Arabic designs,
with bareges tortes de Chine tarlatanes, nankins de sole,
and organdy, with coloured patterns on a black ground,
are all fashionable. Black continues as much in favour
as ever, but at this season the material is of course of
slighter texture. In the make of dresses there will be
but little change ; many redingotes will be worn,
and many dresses with tight bodies and sleeves ;
also peignoirs, with derni-wide sleeve, showing the
under one of white muslin, richly embroidered.
Black lace still forms the richest trimming, either
for redingotes or pelerines, also for flounces in three or
four rows, or narrow lace put on spirally, or en echelle
gimps, fringes, and soutaclie will be used on the spring
dresses, particularly a new kind, with pearl edge. Some
dresses of poult de sole are made with revers, em-
broidered in shaded colours. Fancy straw bonnets, in-
terinixed with lace, are very fashionable ; and crape,
mixed with straw, form pretty capotes ; some crape
bonnets are covered with lace, which sometime, forms a
demi-voilette ; on the edge roses or jardeniares wreaths
are placed under these laces, and give much elegance
to the bonnet. Bonnets made of batiste de Chine of
its natural colour, lined with pink, blue, or lilac ci ape
or gauze, form a pretty novelty ; the material is
very fine and light. Flowers will be very much worn to
ornament the interior as well as the exterior of bonnets
this spring. Foliage of light colour, as the acacia, or
dark, as the chestnut, will be used on straw bonnets;
exotics, with large petals, will ornament crape bonnets ;
whilst the more simple flowers of our gardens will be
required for pailles de riz. The Noemie bonnets are of
crap, covered with tulle I la niege and filet ; and the
flowers that ornament them are of the most delicate de-
scription, or marabou:s. The pompadour is of paille de
riz, with wreath of pompadour ribbon. For the public
dejeur e:s a new style will be introduced, the petit bord
bernais, made of white straw, ornamented with field
flowers, or a wreath of roses or single feather. Very
small manteaux have been worn of green or violet
velvet, trimmed with two rows of broad black lace, one
at the edge, and the other above it, and a third row at
the throat ; this style will be adopted in taffetas of
every co:our. Mantelines are a mixture of the visite
and inantelet, made of gros de Naples, trimmed with
lace or fringe to match, with open heading, and sur-
mounted by a reseaux of application.

YATTON.—DISCOVIXY or COAL:—This parish has
recently been the scene of great rejoicing, on account of
the discovery, a week or two ago, of a vein of coal, be-
tween three and four feet thick, on the estate of J. H.
Smyth Pigo:t, Esq., at Claverham, in this parish. The
strong belief that coal existed somewhere in the neigh-
bourhood induced Mr. Pigott, about a year ago, to com-
mence boring for it. After penetrating the ied earth of
the surface, the workmen came first to a stratum of the
new red sandstone, and then to one of pennant—this latter
proved to be exceedingly thick, but on getting through
it, at the depth of about a hundred fathoms, the ♦ein of
coal above-mentioned was reached. The spot where the
c:Ial has been found is about a quarter of a wile from the
line of the Bristol and Exeter Railway, to which the
estate of Mr. Pigott extends, so that by laying down
trams he will be enabled to load the trucks at the mouth
of the pit ready for conveyance by railway to any place
on the line. Iron ore also exists in the neighbourhood,
hut, for want of coals, this has hitherto been sent into
Wales for the purpose of manufacture, but it is now
hoped that furnaces will be erected on the spot, and the
cost saved of transit to the coal districts of Wales.—Bath
Chronicle.

HORRIBLE AFFAIR.-4 letter of the 2a, from
Napoli, in Greece, records a horrible event:—A day or
two before two brothers, Demetrius and Theodosius
Tryphoupoulos, had been condemned to death for bri-
gandage, and were brought to the great place of the
town w be executed. Both allowed themselves to be
conducted to the foot of the scaffold; but at the moment
the executioner was about to tie Demetrius to the fatal
plank he, being a man of extraordinary strength, broke
his bonds, and, throwing down the executioner and his
assistants, attempted to escape. They endeavoured to
secure him, hut he made a desperate resistance, and
cruelly ill-treated them. At last, after a long and
violent struggle, the executi.mer drew a knife from his
pocket, and stabbed him to the heart, killing him instan-
taneously. He, nevertheless, caused his corpse to be de-
capitated. The other brother, Theodosius, waq per-
fectly resigned, and trembled convulsively. He gave
himself quietly up to the executioners, and in a few in-
stants ceased to exist.

MRS. RESTON, THE HEROINE OF MATAGORDA.—
We were wry much struck and delighted, on Friday
afternoon, with a visit from this venerable old lady, Mrs.
Reston, the heroine of Matagorda, now in her seventy-
fifth year, whose remarkable and glorious deeds at that
place shed a lustre over her name, and the prowess of
ooir
not; r htt
hi :oer
the
most
hasri
smut
no dirdnyarls:ounrsc:Ecfuounpul
grkli
carnage,ani thetngedh.
en ,SBhwarei
:t.
clii
isan hmfg:soldiers in the midst
thatmwiat withthrilling
pounde page
in the history of England. She came with a pound note
that the soldiers of the 74th Regiment were cooking for
the poor, and that the recruiting soldiers of Glasgow
had contributed their allowance for the same humane
end, her heart leaped with joy, and she declared she
could not rest till she came to pour in her donation with
theirs for the poor and destitute. We were very averse
to accept of the money, but she insisted upon it with the
most martial vigour, and said she had plenty now to end
her old days in peace and comfort, and she went away
perfectly delighted at the invitation we gave her to come
and inspect the rations herself in these old battlements,
at the Glasgow Town's Hospital, within whose precincts
she sojourned till she was discovered and rescued some
few years ago. This is a plain statement told in an un-
varnished way ; yet it is a statement which might point
a moral and adorn a tale ; and it has made an impres-
sion upon us not likely to be soon forgotten.—Reformer s
Gazette.

An action at law, in which M. Alexandre Dumas
was plaintiff, and M. Devallade, the landlord of a house
in the Rue de la Chause.3 d'Antin, was defendant, came
to trial on Fridly before the Civil Tribunal. The case,
as stated by the counsel of M. Dumas, was that in April
1845, he took, as yearly tenant at 1500 f. rent, an entre-
sol in the defendant's house, and also a room on the fifth
story, to which he
e- noise of the treet,
and the :
er air, free from the -
`
could retreat to follow his literary
labours in p
.nterr aptions of visitors. Soon afterwards, how-
eve-
--, M. Dumas was tempted t.. 3 Saint Germain, and ap-
plied to M. Devallade to accept as tenant in his place-
Amt. Leprivier, who was willing to occupy the apart-
ment. The landlord consented, exacting, however, half
a year's rent in advance. To this M. Dumas acceded, and
paid the 750 f. Mme. Leprivier paid her rent regularly,
and at the end of the year M. Dumas demand the return
of his deposit. The landlord, however, insisted upon still
holding it, as a security for such dilapidations as might be
found when Mme. Leprivier, who still continued tenant,
should leave the apartment. M. Dumas replied, that he
had laid out much money in decorations. M. Devallade
however urged that these decorations, though perhaps
indifferent to Mme. Le privier, might not be the taste of
a new tenant, as they consisted ifi painting the ceiling of
the bed-chamber b'.ack, and lining it with a violet-
coloured paper, wEieh was nearly if not quite as dark.
Besides this, M. Dumas had ornamented the dining-
room with shielf3.3 emblazoned with his own arms and
richly gilt. 7 'he landlord further insisted that M.
Dumas had retF ,fined possession of the room on the fifth
st:r)' beyond tl
a vent on the
gi it u ,- part of the tenant, who stated that he had
le proper time for giving it up. This was
claim r.nr
of the eQit b at with the knowledge and the permission
books, Whig *te or the house had left in it only a few
r.,ePP-rationg
thetl Conrt decided that the landlord had no
was let. •
.-, he had engaged to remove the moment it
-r(mt of the upper room, and as to the
ref erred the question to a surveyor to settle
IL:p4eAan:lmoaunll:_ias been arrested at Vienna on a charge
iies throwing 41 ones at. the windows of the Imperial Palace.
found:. 'to be mane, and has been sent to a lunatic
aiyhize,

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
VICE- CHANCERY COURT, April 1.
(Before the VICE-CHANCELLOR of ENGLAND.)

310SLEY 0. ALSTON.—TIIE OXFORD AND BIRbIINGIIAN

JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY.

THE LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY
V. THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY.

Mr. BETHELL (in continuation from our Afternoon
Edition of yesterday) cited several other cases in
support of his views on this point. He would
close this series of authorities by citing a case that had
come before his Honour—he meant the ca,e of " Wear
v. the Grand Junction Railway Company," which car-
ried him to the fullest extent as to the jurisdiction of the
Court, and landed this bill in the most perfect security.
That bill was filed by the plaintiffs not only against
other directors, but the whole corporation of the com-
pany, which was incorporated by a local Act of Parlia-
ment, to restrain them from affixing the corporate seal of
the company to an application to Parliament for the
conversion of a portion of the railway into a canal. In
the present case they were then to denounce wanton
violation on the part of the directors. In the case to
which he was referring the governing body of the com-
pany were made defendants in the suit. On that occa-
sion his Honour granted the injunction, and the directors
subsequently compromised with the company. It hafl
been contended by his Learned Friend (Mr. Stuart) that,
if they restrained these directors from acting, they
would put a violent end to the constitution of the company.
As one argument used by his Learned Friend on the other
side was at direct variance with the bill, so the other
argument was at variance with the Act of Parliament.
The Act permitted that the number of the directors
might be reduced to six. Here then were eighteen
directors, of whom twelve were malignants, and the
remaining six alone were those of the body who wanted
to carry into effect the views of the company, The
ground for the interference of this Court was twofold.
In the first place, the directors wanted to effect that
which was subversive of the Act of Parliament, and
they had determined, in order to achieve that, to com-
mit a further violation of that Act, having refused to go
out of office. If this latter were to be allowed, it would
tend to make the directors a governing body. The
case of the Attorney-General v. Wilson, upon which
his friends on the other side relied so much,
by no means supported their case. All the cases on the
subject went to establish the principle, that any indivi-
dual member of the company, whether of the body of
directors or of the shareholders, had a right to come to
that court and complain of the conduct of the directors,
when the latter attempted to apply the funds of the
company to any object other than that for which it was
established. So much for that part of his Learned
Friend's arguments. He came to the construction that
was put upon the word "year." Ile certainly admired
the ingenuity to which this word had given birth. The
word year, it was said, was used in two senses.

In one it was a year of our Lord, in the other twenty
months. In the 13th section of the Act, if his
Honour adopted the construction of his Learned Friends,
he would be giving the world anither year of tour, eight,
twelve, or sixteen months, commencinz at the expiration
of a certain term, which, however well understood in an
Act of Parliament, was certainly unknown to any chro-
nologists. He conceived that these arguments could not
be seriously met by arguments, because they proceeded
on that which was an utter annihilation of all argument
whatever, namely, that they should not take words in
their common and plain signification.
At the conclusion of the Learned Gentleman's address
the Court rose.

The case was adjourned till the 13th inst.
(Before Vice-Chancellor Sir J. WIGRA.M.)

SMITH V. THE SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY.

Mr. IVALFoRD moved for an ex parte injuaction
against the above-mentioned railway company, under
the following circumstances :—ln 1845 the company
obtained an Act of Parliament empowering them to ex-
tend their line of railway from Nine Elms to Hunger-
. .

ford-bridge ; and in carrying their scheme into execu-
tion they required the land upon which stands the
plaintiff's brewery. Mr. Smith offered some resistance
to this demand ; a negotiation followed, and was ter-
minated by the cession to the company of a portion of
the property. In 1846 the company, desirous of further
extending their line, and of carrying it to London-
bridge, procured another Act, which invested them with
the usual powers for effecting their object, but the
plaintiff's land was not included in the Act, er affected
by its provisions. Last July, Mr. Smith was served
with a notice by the company, informing him that they
required his brewery, and that they intended taking
it pursuant to the powers conferred upon them by the
Act of 1845. Another and similar notice was also
served upon him in November last, and finally he
received an intimation last Saturday, that a jury
would on that day week be empannelled to assess
the value of his property, which the company proposed
taking. Mr. Smith thereupon filed his bill, stating among
other things that the land, if required at all, is not re-
quired for the purposes of the Act of 1845, but for those
of 1846, under which, as before stated, the company had
no authority whatever to interfere with the land, and
praying an injunction to restrain their threatened pro-
ceedings of next Saturday. The plaintiff also stated
that he had been informed that what the company really
wanted his land for was to form upon it a terminal station
for the several great railways whose metropolitan termini
are on the southern bank of the Thames.

His HONOUR refused the injunction, on the ground that
if the company had no authority to take the plaintiff's
property. their Ittimniculing a. jury to anw.osa. value we. 6
an idle act, which could not injure him; and if they
had such authority he could not interfere. He gave the
plaintiff leave, however, to renew his application on Sa-
turday next, giving, the company notice of his intention.

SHERIFFS' COURT, April 1.
(Before Mr. Under-Sheriff BURCIiELL.)
STEPHENS v. DUNN.

This was an action brought to recover the sum of
141. 7s. 7d., for the balance of rent for a house. The
defendant pleaded that he was not indebted, but did not
appear.
Mr. THOMAS appeared for the plaintiff, and said that
he should call the plaintiff's solicitor, to prove that the
defendant had occupied the premises in question for two
years, and the present claim was for a balance.
Mr. Blackmore, the plaintiff's solicitor, was called, and
proved the occupation of the premises by the defendant,
who had admitted it, and his only excuse was that he
had left fixtures enough on the premises to pay the rent.
The jury gave a verdict for the amount claimed.
SIMPSON U. CHEESEWRIGHT.—THE CLOCK ♦ND WATCH
TRADE.

This was an action to recover the sum of 8/. 4s. 6d. for
a clock and for repairs of a watch.
The defendant had paid 5/. 156. into court as the value
of the work.

Abram Smith, a watchmaker, was called. He had
seen the dial, which was an eight-day clock. In his
opinion six guineas was a very fair charge. and if the
name had been nut on it, it would have fetched 21.
more. The watch had been repaired; there had been a
new verge, balance wheel, Wane,: wheel pinion, pivots,
and main-spring, &c. He thought the charge 11. 18s. 6d.
fair and reasonable. The watch was an old one, but it
wai a better one than many new ones. He thought the
market value of the watch was about 21.

Rust, a watchmaker, gave similar evidence.

Another clock was put in for comparison. Mr. Thomas
at first objected, but ultimately said it might be shown
to the jury.
Mr. GARRY, the defendant's attorney, said that he
should call several competent witnesses to show that the
work charged had not been done, and that the clock
was not worth more than one-half the sum claimed.
Louis Keyser, a clock- maker, was called—He said he
kept three or four shops. He would make clocks at
31. each if he had an urder for a hundred, but 31. 10s.
would pay for a single one. The profit would then be
15s. The verge, charged ss. 6d. for, cost 2d.; perhaps
if plaintiff went to a tool shop he gave Is. for it. The
work altogether was not worth more than 16s. or 17s.
Good American clocks could be had for 30s. They came
over at 5.. Gd. each, and sold at 13s.
Mr. THOMAS asked the witness whether he was not
of the Jewish persuasion?
Witaess—Yes; I have that honour.
Mr. TEIGMAS—But you wero not sworn on the Old
Testament.
Witness—W.-11, I did not notice it.
Mr. THOMAS—Nor did you take off your hat.
Witness—lt is more gentlemanly and respectful to the
judge to be uncovered.
Mr. THOMAS —I have nothing further to ask you
after that.
Edward Thompson, clock-maker, of King-street,
Bloomsbury, valued the clock at 4/.,and the repairs at 175.
Laire, clock-maker, of Bath-street, City-road, con-
sidered 31. 10s. was a fair price for the clock, and 15s.
for the repairs would be sufficient.
Mr. THOMAS then addressed the jury, and contended
that Keyser was not entitled to credit, after the negligent
way he had gone through the form of taking the oath.
The UNDER-SHERIFF summed up, and said that the
jury would take the witness's manner into consideration,
and also weigh his evidence, which went to very great
lengths as to value; and all the witnesses appeared to be
of opinion that the work charged for as having been done
to the watch had been done. The question, therefore,
for the jury was, whether the plaintiff eras entitled to a
larger amount than 51. 15s.
The jury almost immediately gave a verdict for the
defendant.

----- ---
ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE.
HOME ClRCUlT.—Kingston, March 31.
CIVIL SlDE.—(Before Lord Chief Justice DaNstax.)
lII...LODEN v. BOOTH.
This was an action upon a bill of exchange for 501.,
drawn by a person named Edmund Garbet, and pur-
porting to be accepted try the defendant, and which was
afterwards endorsed through a person named Phillips to
the present plaintiff. A number of pleas were put upon
the record by the defendant, but the material question
involved was, whether or not the acceptance was a
forgery ?
Mr. M. Chambers, with Mr. Willes, conducted the
case for the plaintiff ; and Mr. Sergeant Shee, with Mr.
Petersdorff, appeared for the defendant.
Upon the part of the plaintiff the bill in question was
produced, and the witnesses, who had had transactions
with the defendant and were acquainted with his hand-
writing, expressed their belief that the acceptance was
his ; and one of them also stated, that upon his apply-
ing to the defendant upon the subject of the bill, he
said that it was Garbet's business, and that he bad
written to him to tell him to settle it and not defend
the action.
Mr. Sergeant SHEE, on the part of the defendant, said
that the case he was instructed to lay before the jury
was, that the acceptance of the bill upon which the pre-
sent action was brought was not the writing of the de-
fendant, but that it was, in point of tact, a forgery, and
he, therefore, was not liable upon it.
A son of the defendant was then examined, and he
expressed a positive opinion that the acceptance to
the bill was not the handwriting of his father.

Mr. Edmund Garbet was the next witness called, and
his evidence was of the most extraordinary character.
He deposed that he had formerly carried on the pro-
fession of a solicitor, at Wellington in Salop, and latterly
was engaged in the same profession in King William-
street, in London. He said that he was the drawer of
the bill which formed the subject of the action, but the
acceptance was not written by the defendant nor by his
authority.
Cross-examined by Mr. CHAMBERS—He handed the
bill to Mr. Phillips in his drawing-room, and at this time
the acceptance had been written across the blank stamp,
but not by the defendant.
Mr. CHAMBERS asked the witness whether he was
aware what he was attempting to prove ; and whether
they were to understand that he admitted he had nego-
tiated an instrument which he knew to be a forgery ?--
The witness replied, that the acceptance to the bill was
not in the handwriting of Mr. Booth.
Mr. CHAMBERS asked, who did write it then ?—The
witness said, he should decline to answer the question.
In answer to other questiows, the witness said, that
when the acceptance was written, another person was
present besides himself, but he declined to state who that
person was.
Mr. CHAMBERS applied to the Court to insist upon the
witness answering the question.
The LORI) CHIEF JUSTICE asked the witness whether

it was to: be understood that either he or the other per-
son wrote the acceptance to the bill ?—The witness re-
plied, that it was so.
On further cross-examination, the witness said that he
was allowed the use of part of an office in King William..
street, where he at present practised as a solicitor, and
the bill was drawn up either there or in Old Bond-street.
lie also said that he saw the acceptance written, but he did
not think it was copied from a genuine Signature of the
defendant.

The LORD CinEF JUSTICE said, he should insist upon
the witness giving the name of the person who wrote the
acceptance.
hie' however, still hesitated, and at length said that
he had not represented, although another person was
present, that this other person wrote the acceptance.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE—Are we to take it that
you yourself wrote the acceptance? The witness gave
no answer.

He was then questioned with regard to other transac-
tions, and he admitted that the defendant had applied to
him, in consequence of reports that were abroad, to
know whether he had put his name to any bills, and
upon his telling him that he had, he was very angry with
him. The witness had, it appeared, been engaged pro-
fessionally by the defendant.
At the close of the examination, his LORDSHIP directed
the witness to remain in Court.

Several other witnesses were then examined, all of
whom stated positively that the acceptance was not the
handwriting of the defendant.

Mr. CHAMBERS, in his reply upon the evidence for the
defence, said he felt compelled to admit that he should
not be entitled to a verdict upon the proof of the accept-
ance being actually written by the defendant; but he
called upon the jury, recollecting the extraordinary evi-
dence given by the witness Garbet, to come to the con-
clusion—although he had chosen that day to admit that
he was guilty of forgery—that, in point of fact, he had
the authority of the defendant for putting his name to
the bill; and if the jury should be of that opinion, the
plaintiff would still be entitled to a verdict.
Lord DENMAN, in summing up, said that this cause
was certainly one of a very extraordinary nature. It
appeared to be admitted that the acceptance was not
written by the defendant; and the only way, therefore,
in which he would be made liable was for the jury to be
satisfied that Garbet had put the name upon the bill with
his authority.
The jury returned a verdict for the defendant.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE then ordered the witness
Garbet to stand committed, and he was accordingly
placed in the custody of Mr. Keene, the governor of the
county gaol.