The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-09 00:00:00

THE SEW, LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1841.

I COMMISSION OF LUNACY UPON
j AN INMATE OF THE COUNTY PAUPER
LUNATIC ASYLUM.
Yesterday a Commission of Lunacy Was issued before
Mr. Commissioner C. K. Murray, at the Duke of York
Tavern, Hanwell, to inquire into the state of mind of
Salomon Cohen, formerly of Whitecross-street, and now
an inmate of the County Pauper Lunatic Asylum, at
Hanwell.
The circumstances which gave rise to this proceeding
were of a novel character, and it was stated to be the
first inquiry of the kind that had occurred in this county.
The Commission was taken out at the instance of the
parish authorities of St. Luke's, to which parish Mr.
Cohen was chargeable, upon their discovering that a
share of 1,66 a. 35. 4d. Three per Cent. Consolidated
Bank Annuities had been bequeathed him by the late
Mr. Lewis Cohen, of Great Prescott-street, Goodman's-
fields.
From the evidence of several witnesses it appeared
that in the month of September, 1828, the alleged lunatic
used to disturb his mother and other members of his fa-
mily by laughing loudly during the night, and upon one
occasion he threatened to put his eldest sister's child
upon the fire, and it was with great ditli?.ulty he was pre-
vented from carrying his threat into execution, On
another occasion, when the black fast is annually ob-
served by the Jews took place, and which commences
upon the beginning of their new year in September, he
rinsed his mouth with some water, which was so serious
a departure from their religious observances that his fa-
mily looked upon it as the first positive indication of his
insanity. He subsequently repeatedly talked incoherently
about the Rabbi and a female to whom he became suddenly
attached, and who disappointed his affections. He also
threatened to murder his mother and sister, and he was
removed to Miles's Lunatic Asylum at Hoxton, where he
remained about three weeks, and then returned home,
but was again obliged to be placed under the care of the
parochial authorities, and after remaining some time in
the workhouse he was admitted into St. Luke's Hospital,
and after a lengthened confinement he was discharged as
incurable, and then he became an inmate of the Pauper
Lunatic Asylum at lianwell, where he had since re-
mained. During the time he was in St. Luke's
workhouse he fractured one of his legs in at-
tempting to escape ; but since he had been
at lianwell he had been harmless, and had not
been subjected to coercion or restraint. He laboured
under general paralysis, arising, in the opinion of the
medical gentleman, from the softening of the brain. His
recovery was said to be quite hopeless, his case being
characterised as one of dimentia or fatuity. Mr. Cohen
was stated by all the witnesses to be totally it:capable
of managing himself or his property. In the course of
Dr. Bogby's (one of the surgeons of Hanwell Asylum)
examination, he produced a book, called the Day-book,
which contained a short history of each patient's case, and
where the particulars could be obtained. The following
is a copy of the entry in reference to Mr.. Cohen :
" Solomon Cohen, aged 34, single, was admitted on the
22d of September, 1833. His brother-in-iaw states—
Nine years ago the patient met at a wedding party a
young woman, with whom he fell in love on the spot.
He saw her home that night, and called upon her two
days afterwards. Her parents asked him his intentions?
He said he should call again next day, and declare them;
but being ill he was not able to keep his promise. The
young woman called at the house of Cohen's mother. in-
law on the day following, and left a message for him that
he need not come to her again. Cohen, on being in-
formed of this, fretted very much, and walked up and
down the street opposite to her door. He sent her let-
ters, but not receiving any-answer he became very dis-
consolate. In a fortnight after, unequivocal symptoms
of a deranged mind had manifested themselves. He was
sent as a private patient to Hoxton, by the advice of a
Jewish medical man. His friends not being able to bear
the expense, he was removed from Hoxton in three
weeks, and afterwards sent to St. Luke's Hospital, from
which he was discharged incurable, and came from that
establishment to the County Lunatic Asylum. In the
workhouse he was mischievous ; he used to beat the
nurses, porters, and aged paupers. On one occasion he
attempted to escape from the workhouse, and broke his
leg. His father died at the age of seventy nine, and
was sane and healthy. His mother, who is still living,
is eighty-two years of age, and in the enjoyment of good
health. He has four sisters, all healthy and of sane
mind. Sarah Cohen, his sister, attributed his insanity
to the girl not returninc, his affections, and uniting her-
self to a pawnbroker in'''Farringdon-street."
The Jury proceeded to the Asylum, and had a short
interview with the unfortunate man, who returned no
answer to their questions, and seemed utterly deprived
of his reason. On their return to the tavern, they found
that Solomon Cohen was now of unsound mind, and in-
capable of managing himself or his property, and that
he had been so since the Ist of November, 1828.

ACCIDENT ON THE GREAT
WESTERN RAILWAY.

Yesterday, throughout the entire day, much excite-
ment prevailed in the neighbourhood of the terminus of
the Great Western Railway, in consequence of a report
that an accident of a frightful character, and attended
with loss of human life, had occurred on that line to the
up-mail train from Bristol. This was in some measure
corroborated by the lateness of the post delivery of letters
from the western part of the kingdom. On instituting
inquiries into the matter, it was ascertained the report
was not without foundation, as the following particulars,
obtained from an official source, Nvill testify.
It appears that the mail train from Bristol,which was due
at the Paddington terminus at five o'clock that morning,
not making its appearance for some time after that hour,
considerable apprehension was manifested, and a pilot
engine was despatched 30 or 40 miles down the line to
ascertain if anything had happened, but it returned with-
out any intelligence. A few minutes before eight
o'clock the mail train arrived, and the cause of its delay
was ascertained to be as follows :—Nothing whatever
happened to impede the progress of the engine and train
until its arrival at the S7tli milestone from London, about
four miles on this side of Wootton Bassett. At this spot,
owing to an extensive slip in the newly-formed embank-
ment, one of the rails got displaced and shifted outward.
On the arrival of the engine and train, the joint of the
line flew up and caused the former to go off the line at
full speed into the embankment, in which it became em-
bedded to a considerable extent. The sudden stoppage
of the train caused a tremendous collision between the
carriages, two of which were literally smashed, and_the
guards and engineers were thrown off with consider-
able violence. As soon as the confusion occasioned by
the occurrence had in some measure subsided inquiries
were made as to the state of the passengers, several of
whom it was feared were more or less injured, and it
was ascertained that two gentlemen had got their ancles
dislocated, and were otherwise seriously injured ; a
third had met .with several bruises about the body
and a fourth was severely cut with the glass of the
windows, in the face, as were also other passengers
more or less. The guards were also cut and scratched
ahout the face and hands, but singular to relate the
engirieers escaped without any injury. The sufferers
were conveyed with ail possible speed to Wotton
Bassett, where surgical aid was promptly procured, and,
with the exception of one gentleman, they were in the
course of the day able to proceed to their places of des-
tination. Immediately on the intelligence reaching
London, Mr. S. Clarke, the chief superintendent of the
line, together with some of the Directors, proceeded to
the spot and entered into a minute examination of all
the circumstances connected with it, and to see that
proper attention was paid to the sufferers. They found
them to be as described above. After a delay of about
three hours the line was cleared of impediment, and the
guards, engineers, &c„ were sufficiently recovered from
the shock to resume their duties.

MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS.
The following are the results of " A Table of Mortality in
the Metropolis, showing the Number of Deaths from all Causes
Registered in the week ending Sept. 4, 1841." Tho Table is
issued from the Office of the Registrar-General :

Weekly
Total. Average
1838-9-40
Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagions Diseases l6O 204
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses 137 151
Diseases of the Lungs, and other Organs of
Respiration
Diseases of the Heat and Bloodvessels
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other
Organs of Digestion 7l 60
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
Childbed, Diseases of the Uterus, &e.
Diseases of the Joints' Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &c 1 1
Diseases of Uncertain Seat
Old Age, or Natural Decay 45 71
Deaths by Violence, Privation, or Intempet ance 22 25
Causes not specified
Deaths from all causes 7BB -
Average Weekly Deaths .. 926
Deaths in the Average Weekly
Week. Deaths,lB3B-9-40
112 ...... 139
136 163
175 ..... 190
168 ...... 211
197 223

CAUSES OF DEATH.

Western Districts .....
North Districts
Central Districts
East Districts
South Districts

Total 7BB

It is stated that under the term Metropolis are comprised the
32 districts herein mentioned, which include the City of Lon-
don with and without the walls, the City and Liberties of
Westminster, the out-parishes within the Bills of Mortality—
and the parisheseof St. Maryiebone, St. Pancras, Kensington,
Fulham, Hammersmith (Chapelry), St. Luke (Chelsea), Pad-
dington, St. Mary (Stoke Newington), St. Leonard (Brom-
ley), St. Mary-le-bow, Camber ell, Greenwich, St. Nicholas
and St. Paul (Deptford), and Woolwich. The population, as
enumerated in 1831, was 1,594,890. The weekly average for
1838, 1839, and 1840, was obtained by dividing the deaths in
the three years by 156.
TEMPERATURE IN THE WEEKS ENDING
Aug. 28. Sept. 4.
77 770
51 51
63 64
9, 1811.

Highest
Lowest
Daily Alm .........
General Register Office, Sept.

A letter from Hanover, 29th ult., in the Icipsic Ga-
zette, informs us that the States are to be convened in
October or November, and that this meeting, which is
earlier than was intended, is chiefly owing to the reso-
lution of the Duchy of Brunswick to withdraw from the
local customs union, a measure which would have an in-
jurious effect, it is said, for Hanover ; and as the separa-
tion is to take place on the 31st Dece,rnber, a previous
meeting of the States becomes necessary,
The Rev. George Thompson, the celebrated
anti-slavery missionary, will take the chair this evening
at the meeting to be held in Finsbury Chapel, South-
place, for the formation of a Young Men's .Anti-Mono-
poly Association.
In January, 1772, there was found in the ruins
of the Abbey of Edrnundsbury, a leaden coffin, contain-
ing the remains of Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter,
uncle to Henry V., and deposited there in 1427 ; the
hair and nails were quite perfect.

CLOSING OF VAUXHALL FOR
EVER.

" The light of other days is faded," and the lights of
Vauxhall have followed its example. " All their glories
have fled" before the advances of bricks and mortar.
The smiling rule of Simpson has given Way to.the two-
foot rule of the carpenter—and there, where the tuneful
pipe of the musician sounded, the clay pipe of the hod-
man smokes. Vauxhall is in the process of absorption
into the great wen. Matter of fact bath made another
conquest from romance ; and Vauxhall—the Vauxhall
of Addison, and Steele, and Goldsmith—the Vauxhall
where Sir Roger de Coverley moralised, and Beau Tibbs
flattered—and the widow vulgarised, and Mrs. Tibbs did
the genteel—the Vauxhall which " united rural beauty
with courtly magnificence"—has closed its gates for ever.
LaSt night was the last night of Vauxhall, and as we wan-
dered through its pleasant walks, and-took a last -long
lingering look of various spots, endeared to memory by
associations with the past, we almost fancied we heard
the widow's voice exclaiming' " The water-works over
already. Impossible !" Yes, widOW, the water-works
are over already and for ever. Their place will know
them no more ; and when next we seek them on ,their
old accustomed spot, instead " of finding; every sense
overpaid with more then expected pleasure," we shall be
disgusted with sights, and scents, and sounds, betokening
the presence of squalled wretchedness. There, where of
old every one looked satisfaction ; there, where we were
wont in days gone by, almost to realize the visionary
happiness of the Arabian lawgiver ; instead of " lights
everywhere glimmering through the scarcely moving
trees," rows of flaring, vulgar eye-wearying gas lamps.
will meet our gaze—instead of " the full-bodied concert
bursting on the stillness of the night," our ears will be
saluted with the roar of drunken men, the yell of quar-
relling women, and the squall of sickly suffering chil-
dren, while the nearest approach to " the natural concert
of the birds" will be the mangy parrot of some ancient
•spinster swearing " oaths profane" at a loitering pot-boy,
We regret the closing of Vauxhall ; it has destroyed one
of the few remaining links binding us to " happy child-
hood's hours," and our feelings on the occasion some-
what resemble those we experienced when we were,
after stout argument, reluctantly forced to admit that
the history of Aladdin was no true.story, and that the
hopes in which we had indulged of perchance witnessing
the glories of the 'lamp were " the baseless fabric of a
vision." Sic transit gloria mundi. Had poor Simpson
lived to see this, how magniloquent would have been
his funeral oration over the departed glories of " the
Royal property." The Lamentations of Jeremiah would
have been a mere Jeremiad when compared with the la-
mentations of Simpson. Poor fellow ! after his death
Vauxhall seemed like a widow—she drooped, and
drooped, and for twelve long months shut herself up
M entirely, and en arousing herself for one last expiring
effort, she set like the sun in his glory, and was greatest
and brightest at last.

TIIE HUMAN PANORAMA.—Mankind moves
onward through the night of time like a procession of
torch-bearers, and words are the lights which the gene-
rations carry. By means of these they kindle abiding
lamps beside the track which they have passed, and
some of these, like the stars, shall shine for ever and ever.
During the storm of thunder and lightning, on
Friday afternoon, a man named Suckling fell down at
Roxwell, and was taken up lifeless ; and a labouring
man, at Hatfield Peverel, in the employ of Mr. Ellis, was
struck senseless to the ground, but he soon after reco-
vered.—Essex Herald.
A FRENCH FRIGATE AT dRONSTADT.—
The Danae frigate, which is to bring back to Fiance
Baron de Barante, entered Cronstadt on the 12th ult.
This is the first time for 17 years that a French man-of-
war has been seen here. She was hailed with acclama-
tion by the populace and by the authorities. Her Cap-
tain, M. 011ivier, and some of the officers, were pre-
sented to the Emperor, who invited them to dinner, as
also the Ambassador and Ambassadress of France, and
treated them with marked distinction. Next day the
Emperor went to Cronstadt, taking Captain 011ivier with
him. He showed him the port, a new fort in construc-
tion, and a division of the fleet. When his Imperial
Majesty passed by the Danae, the second in command
hoisted the Imperial standard, and fired a salute of forty
guns; the whole crew were in full dress. Prince Mentschi-
koff, Minister of Marine, twice went over the vessel, and
examined all her details with the greatest attention; ad-
dressing several questions to the officers, whose know-
ledge and capacity produced on him, as he said, the most
favourable impression. On leaving the frigate he re-
turned the salute and hoisted the French flag. Two
officers of the Russian navy, the Emperor's Ades-de-
Camp, the Grand Master of the Horse, Prince Dolgo-
roucky, and other distinguished personages also came
on board. Next day the Grand Duke Constantine, the
Emperor's second son and Grand Admiral of Russia, was
brought on board by his tutor, Admiral Lutke. On the
21st M. de Barante embarked, and a few hours after-
wards the frigate set sail for France. She will cast
anchor for a few days at Copenhagen.—Moniteur of
Sunday.

A few days ago a man, dressed as a waggoner,
having a whip in his hand, applied to a money changer,
in the Cloitre St. Honore, for change of a 500 f. note
of the Bank of France. The money-changer, perceiv-
ing that although the note was genuine, the vignettes
had been removed and re-pasted on other paper, re-
quested the man to go with him to the Bank, to have the
note examined, to which he consented with apparent
cheerfulness. At the Bank he was interrogated by
Count d'Argout, the Governor, and stated that he had
received the note from a person who had it from a dis-
counter in the Rue Gadot Mauroy. As this was found
to be untrue, further inquiries were set on foot, the man
being in custody all the time, and it was soon ascer-
tained that his name was Adelaine, formerly a book-
binder in Paris, who had lately disappeared from Ar-
pajon and Lonjumeau to escape from his creditors.
With some difficulty his lodging was discovered to be
in the Rue des Cannes, and here were found convincing
proofs of the fraudulent operations which he had been
carrying on. It appears that, after long study as to the
mechanism of the Bank of France, Adelaine had con-
by means of ink, essences, acids, a press,
ceived the idea of splitting them in two, and transferring,
&c., the im-
pression of the vignettes from the front of the note,
upon the divided paper, thus making two notes out of
one. Although Adelaine, when detected, wore the dress
of a waggoner, as we said above, a rich and elegant ward-
robe was found at his lodgings,
as also many articles of
jewellery, works of art, albums, &c., and a curious cor-
respondence with some gamblers at Baden-Baden, with
a drawing, on large paper, of gaming-tables and the cy-
linder of the roulette, on which he was apparently study-
ing some combinations, as was done by M. de Labour-
donnaye, in his games of chess with England, Germany,
and India. After these discoveries Adelaine was handed
over to the Procureur du Roi.
" Two days ago," says the Moniteur Parisien,
" the owner of a hotel in the Rue du Bouloi had removed
to the Hopital de la Charite, Madame Rey, an actrice of
talent, who was found in a dying state on the floor of a
small room, which she occupied in the hotel. This lady
had been reduced by the backruptcy, or breach of con-
tract, of some managers with whom she had engagements,
to a state of destitution, and was too high-minded to so-
licit charity. 'When her removal to the hospital became
known, several persons came forward to assist her, but it
was too late, as she expired almost immediately."
A suicide of an extraordinary nature took place
at Coignieres, in the Seine-et-Oise, a few days since. A
peasant, who had been accused unjustly of getting his
livelihood by poaching, was so much depressed in spirits
by the imputation, that he went into the middle of a
wood, got on a pile of about 400 faggots, and then set-
ting it on fire, allowed himself to perish in the flames.
On the inhabitants coming to the spot, alarmed by the
conflagration, they found a letter near the pile, explain-
ing the man's intention, and stating that it was not true
that he was a poacher,—that he found he could not fol-
low the line he wished, and that he preferred death ;
but adding that he was not poor, for he had left GOO
francs to his widow. On the fire subsiding, a black
shapeless mass in the middle of the ashes confirmed the
indications of the letter. The Mayor drew up a certifi-
cate of his opinion that the poor man had been deranged,
and, on the presentation of this document, the cure of
the parish gave his remains Christian burial.

AGE OF ANIMALS.—The age of a bear rarely
exceeds 20 years ; a dog lives 20 years, a wolf 20, a fox
14 or 16. Lions are long-lived ; Pompey lived to the
age of 70. The average of cats is 15 years ; a squirrel
and hare seven or eight years ; rabbits seven. Elephants
have been known to live to the great age of 400 years.
When Alexander the Great had conquered one Phorus,
King of India, he took a great elephant which had fought
very valiantly for the King, and named him Ajax,
and dedicated him to the sun, and let him go, with
this inscription : " Alexander, the son of Jupiter,
bath dedicated Ajax to the sun." This elephant was
found with this inscription 350 years after. Pigs
have been known to live to the age of thirty years ; the
rhinoceros to twenty. A horse has been known to live
to the age of sixty-two, but averages twenty-five to
thirty. Camels sometimes live to the age of 100. Stags
are long-lived. Sheep seldom exceed the age of ten.
Cows live about fifteen years. Cuvier considers it pro-
bable that whales sometimes live 1,000 years. The
dolphin and porpoise attain the age of thirty. An eagle
died at Vienna at the age of 104 years. Ravens fre-
quently reach the age of 100. Swans have been known
to live 300 years. Mr. Mallerton has the skeleton of a
swan that attained the age of 200 years. Pelicans are
long-lived. A tortoise has been known to live to the age
of 107.
THE BEE BUSINESS.—Mr. Rice, of Ripley,
Erie county, Pa, has an extensive establishment for
keepinr, bees. Twenty years ago he had one swarm,
from which in twelve years he had 39G swarms. The
Erie Gazette states that they had then become so power-
ful that they commenced depredations on the neighbour-
ing tribes, going out on predatory excursions to the
distance of two or three miles, much to the annoyance
of the unfortunate neighbours.
THE WELSHMAN AND THE PAPER.—He
used to take in a fortnight-Old '° daily London paper,"
which, in his remote corner of Wales, would arrive by
two, and three, and four at a time, according to the car-
rier's visits. Once there was an account, in the first
paper he opened, that a great battle in Spain had been
fought, in which the Welsh regiments had sionalized
themselves, and the next paper was to contain °lists of
names, &c. Of course every soother, sister, and sweet-
heart expected to find their own favourites among the
heroes, and besought the old Welshman to open the se-
cond paper instantly ; but he coolly locked it in a drawe
unopened, saying, " To-morrow you shall hear, but
mine is a da:ly paper, so there cannot be two for the
same day."

CAUTION TO FARMERS.—Mr, Honey, of
Hollingbourne, having last week applied some. arsenic
and soft soap to the backs of his sheep and lambs, it was
afterwards discovered that some mistake had been made
as to the relative proportions which should have been
used, in consequence of which 119 died within two days.
—.Dover chronicle.

CONDUCT OF THE BRITISH

IN INDIA.

[We copy the following article from the Times
of Tuesday, because we heartily approve of
its principles, and because the reprobation it be-
stows on acts of brutal oppression, committed

abroad by our people, cannot be too widely
spread, nor too much enforced. It may serve
to check similar excesses at home, and serve to
snub that arrogant. spirit, essentially. Tory and
aristocratic, from which all such excesses flow.]
We repeat from Saturday's paper the account of one
of two outrages in India, which, if our Correspondent's
account of them is fair, are about as atrocious as ever
disgraced Anglo-Indian history :
" Khelat i Ghillie, an old fort, was thought to be a
very proper place for a post of the Shah's troops, so
two battalions and some horse were sent to take posses-
sion of the place. No opposition whatever was offered,
but on the arrival of the force at its destination, three
volleys of musketry were fired, and some salvos of artil-
lery—l believe in the Shah's name. This had a very equi-
vocal appearance in the eyes of the Ghilzies of the neigh-
bourhood, who did not understand it; and as Lieut. Lynch,
the l'olitical Agent, was riding past a small fort, at some
little distance, the next day, 'I believe, accompanied by an
escort of cavalry, he saw a body of men, thirty or forty
in number, who retired, as he advanced, towards the
gate. To threaten them, be galloped towards them with
the cavalry, when they drew their swords, flourished
them in the air, and got into the fort. Lynch summoned
the place, and the chief, one of Shah Soojah's most stanch
adherents in those parts, sent word that no evil was
meant, that the men had not understood the movement,
and that he would pay his respects next morning ; but
this would not suit the fiery Lieutenant; an express was
sent off for a regiment and the guns, which arrived in
the course of the night ; the place was attacked at once,
a lr Ghuznee, the gate. blown in, and the fort stormed
all but four of the defenders of the place were killed,
fighting desperately in the gate, the poor chief among
the number, and two or three survivors wounded. Sir
William Macnaghten is said to have been very angry at
the affair, but the Governor-General's sentiments have

not been made known, whether Lynch will be
dismissed from his political employment, which he
richly deserves. The affair has not, however, ended
.

here: The Ghilzies, who are a powerful tribe of about
5,000 strong, turned out to a man, as might have been
expected, and swore on the Koran to have revenge for
the insult and injury, and for the innocent blood of
their people. No attempt was made to pacify them, or
to explain the affair ; indeed, what explanation could be
given ? And they are to be coerced."
Now, let us try to make this case our own. Sup-
pose French Canada in revolt, and the English popu-
lation engaged in concert with a tribe of North Ameri-
can Indians in putting it down ; how should we feel at
hearing that the first act of a detached body of Indians,
under the command of an insignificant chief, on
arriving at the post which they were to occupy, had been
to storm the position of an English officer of distinction,
and massacre him with "all but four" of the Loyalists
under his command, after an amicable message from him,
professions of alliance, and an offered explanation of what-
ever might be suspicious to them, merely because his men
had galloped about and brandished their swords in
a way which the said insignificant chief did not (as
how should he?) understand? Still more, how should
we feel if our allies, the perpetrators of this wanton
slaughter, had been, not ignorant savages, hardly know-
ing themselves what they were at, or against whom they
were employed, but instructed Americans—men, who
ought to have learnt what national laws, faith, and
mercy are—and, to draw the parallel closer, allies who
had shown no slight disposition to wrest from us the ter-
ritories which they were professing to protect ? What
kind of compensation should we not demand ? how
should we be satisfied at hearing that " the President's
sentiments had not been made known, whether the
American commander would be dismissed from his em-
ployment ?" Should we not say promptly and angrily,
" You must do that, and more too : you have done a
frightful wrong; you inust take the consequences : you
must humble yourselves for what you, through your inca-
pable agent, have done ; you must not encourage your in-
struments to think that human lives, the lives of their allies,
are to be sacrificed in mere carelessness ; and if they du
think so, you must, by some signal example, convince
them of the contrary ?" And if it so happened that we
were at that moment the weaker party, and unable to
right ourselves, what should we think of American jus-
tice and American mercy, if we heard that in New
Ycrk people said, " It was a sad affair—quite a mistake,
certainly ; but the English Canadians had taken it up so
warmly, that accommodation was impossible ; receding
was out of the question ; the matter must take its
course ; fresh troops might be easily sent out ; and, if
the quarrel went on, English Canada must be coerced?' "
Or let us put the matter to ourselves in another
relation. If one of our own officers had committed
this kind of rtrocity, not in the north of India,
but in the centre of Europe—not against a tribe
of 5,000 Ghilzies, but against a power able to take
its own part, against France, or Russia, or Austria ;
and if it were a case in which the public feeling of
Europe would plainly be called upon to express itself—
not one in ‘1 hich the mouths of complainants may, (if,
indeed, they may) be stopped by extermination, but one
where the character of our quarrel, if one ensued,
would be known and judged by all' civilized nations,
who would all demand redress for the savage insult
which had been offered to one—how would the English
nation, or at least all that is honest in it, be pleased
at hearing doubts whether this officer, this standing
outrage upon all Europe, would be continued by Lord
IEII in his command ? Would not every one of us
who are anxious for our country's character feel
almost as if our personal honour were at stake ?
Should we not feel each of us half disgraced till all
foreign Powers had been taught, by some act of
justice as strong as our laws allowed that the nation
repudiated as an unbidden, unwarranted act of madness,
the outrage of its servant—was ready, was impatient to
make all redress, all acknowledgment that could be
asked for the injury for which it was unwillingly re-
sponsible ?
Yet this would scarce equal what we ought to feel
here, for it is the helplessness of the sufferers which goes
far to make the baseness of the imputed act.
Let men give to the weak what they dare not deny to
the strong—to others, what they would enforce for them-
selves. Let us not think that these things have no disho-
nour in them because they are done a long way off, or to a
wild people, or to a poor people, or to a weak people.
We are running up an account in India that we shall
have to settle ; our empire will not stand these acts of
cruelty, or rather the morality which is not appalled at
them. Our Government has been an improvement on
that of the native Rajahs, or it would not have risen; it
must be an improvement on itself, or it will fall. IF we
fear not God, we had best fear man : we are ruling over
millions by the muskets of thousands, and those thou-
sands natives ;we are increasing those millions,—if in
doing so we increase the odium in which they hold us,
we are collecting a weight to crush us.
" It will not, nor it cannot come to good."
Our mere strength is a feather in comparison with the
mass which is gathering over it. As a mere act of policy,
we must be just and beneficent, as well as strong. Men
tell us that we cannot appear to recede—that England
must not apologize to a weak tribe—that the prestige of
success will be destroyed. It will not. The shadow
will follow the substance. In action we shall succeed
by the discipline of our troops and the steadiness of
their commanders ,• and we shall have the credit of suc-
cess. But we shall lose what is of more consequence
than men think to avert that national rising which might
sweep us away discipline and all—the prestige (as they
call it) of truth, justice, and mercy.
Let those whose business it is act ; let theni, that is,
first examine. We hope a Conservative Government
will make them. The alleged misconduct of this Lieute-
nant may be false. If so, it is most necessary he should
be cleared. But it may be true ; there is a prima facie
case to demand inquiry. Audi alteram partem, but lose
no time about it, for till it is fully done we Jie under the
stain of this act, and the not unnatural suspicion that
there may be many more like it.

SHIPWRECKED FISHERMEN AND

MARINERS' BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.
MELANCHOLY Loss er LIFE.—The following letter
has been received by Mr. West, the Secretary of the
Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' Benevolent So-
ciety, 26, Bucklersbury, London :
(Copy.) Eyemouth, Sept. 6, 1341.
SIR—I beg to communicate to you the particulars of
the following distressing case :—On the evening of
Friday, the Gth instant, a fishing boat, named the Jabeze,
belonging to this port, was lost of Marshall Meadows,
betwixt this port and Berwick, whilst prosecuting the
herring fishery, and all the hands, five in number,
drowned, viz., Thomas Dougal, John Dougal, his son
George Dougal, another fisherman of the name of George
Dougal, and John Grieve, a landsman, employed in the
herring fishery. Thomas Dougal has left a family of
five children ; the youngest son is seven years old, the
eldest seventeen years. George Dougal has left a widow
and five children, the youngest only six months, the
eldest not exceeding eight years of age. George Dougal
has left a widow and seven children, and the widow seven
months pregnant ; the youngest child is only eighteen
months old, the eldest only ten years. Such a calamitous
case has not occurred here for many years, and I
hope that the Committee of Management of the Society
will lend all the assistance in their power.
Your most obedient servant,
(Signed) THOMAS BOWHILL,
Treasurer of the Eyemouth Branch.
. Edward West, Esq.

ENGLISH MANUFACTURES.—I am more im-
pressed with the wealth and resources of England since
I left it, but lam less surprised at them. The compass
of this Portuguese vessel was made at Wapping ; the
quadrant in Holborn ; their knives are stamped " sheer
steel ;" the bell for the watch, and the iron of the wind-
lass, are from an English foundry ; the captain uses an
English watch, and calculates by John Hamilton Moore's
" Seamen's Complete Daily Assistsnt ;" " sail-maker" is
stamped on one of the sails, and the passengers are
dressed in Manchester prints or Leeds cloth. Every-
where it is the same—you meet in the solitary mountain
paths of the almost unknown islands, a pedlar with two
square boxes slung on each side of his ass, and see him
in the -villages tcmpt'ng the women with the bright
handl:ma:Ads end gay punts from Manchester. In the
obscureFt village, tie neat blue paper needle-case from
Birmingham lungs from a sting at a cottage door-way,
to tell that English needles are sold within ; and in
crossing in an open boat between two of the remotest
islands, Flores and Corm' en English sailmalser's name
and residence were p-..incd le3ibly on the sa;l. V--
tells me that the other evening he had just landed in a
fishing hamlet—a lonely place at the mouth of a deep
ravine which pal is two gloomy mountain ridges—when
his reveries were disturbed by a fellow passenger, who,
having caught sight of some village girls, suddenly ex-
claimed, " Look, those are all my prints."--Residence ix
the Azores.

SOCIALISM.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

- • -5,
Sin—l observe, in your paper of last evettingi
a statement respecting the Socialists, whichlik:
been going the round of the weekly and &Ay
press, and which purports to be extracted from
an Anti-Socialist circular, of which I had not
previously heard. You preface the statement by
heading it, " Approaching extinction of the
wretched Socialists," and say it will be read
with much interest, as it shows Socialism to be
rapidly on the decline. Allow me to inform
your readers, through your pages, by the inser-
tion of this letter, that there does not exist a
more happy class of persons than the Socialists,
because they possess the confidence of being
enabled, not only to relieve themselves, but like-
wise the whole of society, from the wretchedly-
distressed state in which they are now placed, by
the daily-increasing powers of machinery ; and,
with regard to their Society being on the de-
cline, I shall be happy to furnish you such sta-
tistical information of their rapid increase, as
shall convince the most incredulous of the error
of such a statement.

By order of the Central Board,
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
WILLIAM GALPIN, Gen. Sec.
Central Board Office, 57, Pall Mall,
Sept. 8, 1841.
[We copied the paragraph from a Tory paper,
—ED. Sun.]

THE FESTIVITIES AT W YNN-

STAY.

The long-talked of festivities, destined to take place
at Wynnstay, in Denbigh shire,the noble baronial residence
of the _present Sir W. Williams Wynn, in celebration of
his coming of age, and for which brilliant preparations
have been making for the last three weeks, commenced
the day before yesterday at this ancient seat. The mag-
nificent nature of the entertainments and reception may
be supposed, when it is stated that the Percys, London-
derry, Cholmondeleys, and numerous others of the
highest families of the realm, have hastened to partici-
pate in the pleasures of the occasion, and we therefore
furnish, from actual investigation and other sources, an
account of the park, mansion, and interesting vicinage,
through which, for the next few days, so many princely
persons -will meet together in pageants and festivities.
The interior of the mansion at Wynnstay, in which
these festivities are taking place, is in every part hand-
somely fitted up, and in - many rooms approaches to
magnificence. The several spacious apartments which
it contains are ornamented with many excellent paint-
ings. Among those which may be more especially par-
ticularized, are three large family portraits ; a beautiful
St. Cecilia by Sir Joshua Reynolds; together with an
Orpheus, by Dance, afterwards Sir Nathaniel Holland.

The house itself, the most delightful residence, per-
haps, in Denbighshire, consists of a long range of building,
standing on the spot where formerly stood the mansion
of Madox ap Gruffyd Maelor. Part of it was rebuilt by
the first Sir John Wynn, in the sixteenth century, and
part of it by a late Baronet of the family ; the late Sir
Watkins also recently cased and enlarged the whole.
This mansion is situated on a spacious lawn, in a broad
and open park, in which there are abundance of attrac-
tions for the gay parties that now fill its circuits. Fore-
most of these is a column nearly a hundred feet high, erect-
ed to the memory of the late Sir William Watkins Wynn,
by his mother, Frances Lady William Wynn. Next to
this, there is an avenue nearly a mile in length, the
borders of which arc adorned with some superb oak
and elm-trees, which will form one of the chief scenes of
gaiety and carousal, leading as it does in a continuous
arcade from a handsome modern gateway direct to the
hall. Again in the park there is one feature which
gathers much attraction about it, not from any intrinsic
beauty in the thing itself, hut from an affecting remi-
niscence with which it is connected. It appears only in the
shape of an old and venerable oak, which is named
after Sir John Wynn ; and tradition has handed down
the report, that to this spot he was frequently led to feel
the old tree, after that most precious thing on earth
had been taken from him—his sight. He loved, it is
said, to linger under its ancient branches, Sand as the
winds of autumn shook the leaves in fitful gusts around
his head, lie often sighed at the remembrance of his own
blither summer days, and repined at the dark winter
which, unalleviated by light, was about to visit his later
years.
Beautifully, too, through these parts, the River Dee
pours its pleasant waters, brightening the whole of this
estate, through which it runs for a distance of more than
five , miles in length. Along the banks of this fair
stream is a fine drive in the park, on which two
buildings are passed, and which we must not omit to no-
tice. One is a tower erected in commemoration of the
battle of Waterloo ; the other a cenotaph, after the
design of the Capo di Bove, near Rome, to the memory
of the officers and soldiers of the regiment of
Ancient British Cavalry, . who fell in Ireland
under Sir W. Williams Wynn. The views from both
these buildings are capacious, and afford many rich and
striking pictures to the eye. The grounds are of consi-
derable extent in themselves, being about eight miles in
circumference.

Adjoining the mansion is a neat small building, for-
merly used for private theatricals by the grandfather of
the present Sir William: - On . a wall within the court-
yard are the following lines, inscribed, more than a cen-
tury ago, by Sir John Wynn, Bart.:—
" Cui dornus est victusque decens, et patria dulcis
Sunt satin hcec vita', ccetera cura, labor."
Bosomful of sweets and pleasures,
Glides his life who owns the treasures
Of that dear and threefold good—
Country—home--and wholesome food :
All beyond these three things fair,
Are but gilded pain and care.
The family name of the owner of Wynnstay was
originally Williams, the addendum of Wynn being made
early in the last century, upon their coming into posses-
sion of the Wynnstay property. The descent of the
family, which is the most ancient in the Principality,
is dated from Cadrod Ham?, or Cadrod the Handsome,
a British chieftain, who resided at Tremaday, and was
Lord of Tallyholion in the beginning of the 12th century.
The most illustrious member of this house in modern
times was Sir William Wynn, of Gray's. Inn, the first
Baronet, so created in the year 1688. This celebrated
lawyer was Recorder of Chester, Solicitor-General dur-
ing the short reign of James IL, and also under his
successor, 'William 111.

Mention has already been made of the change of name
in the family and estate ; but it may be interesting to
state that the first name of the mansion, Vat-stay, arose
from its situation on the famous dike. It also should be
remarked that the collection of ancient Welsh manu-
scripts made by that eminent antiquary, Mr. W. Maurice,
of Cefn y Braich, are now preserved in the Librrry at
Wynnstay. The ,park, which we have before adverted
to as most advantageously situated, reaches as far as the
village of Rhiw Abon, and the whole of the estate is
situated in Cantref Uwch Nent, now called the Hundred
of Bromfield.

Close on the outskirts of Wynnstay are many relics of
great antiquity, which constantly tempt the curious to
examine them ; among others may be mentioned a great
Caer, called the Garthen, situate on the summit of a hill,
end containing in an area of about four acres of ground
.many vestiges of buildings,. the habitations of the old
possessors. Within two hundred yards of this there is
Offer's Dike, ?long the top of which the turnpike-road
runs for a considerable way. A fierce battle was ibught
at this place between Prince Owein Cyfeiliog and the
English, attended with victory to the ancient Britons,
and which gave rise to a very excellent poem, called
" Hirlas Owain, or the Drinking Horn of Owrin," com-
posed by that Prince himself.
In visiting these and other celebrated spots in
the vicinity, the rides end excursions of the llustrious
guests will be greatly enhanced with pleasure.;. Among
those who have already e,r.rived here to pz!rinke of the
splendid hoepiteliiies of Sir Watkil Willirms Wynn,
are the Duke and Duches of No7.:hunibcrlond, Miss
Percy, Marchione..s of Londonderry, rod L2dy Frances
Vane, Lord &ahem, Eerl and Counte...s of Powis rod
the Ladies Herbert, Hon. R. H. and L.-dy Hr- .iet
Clive rod Miss Clive, Viscount end Vi„countecs Dun ;co-
non, Countess of Jersey rod Lady Clementina Villiers,
Hon. Miss Irvine, Lord and Lady Delemere and Hon.
Miss Cholmondeley, Hon. Hugh Cholmondeley;
&c.. who, elready with the (tie of the beru wo.s.'e besides
assembled, and the neighbouring number at lerst
one thousand visitors. -

WHIG OPINIONS OF THE SUFFRAGE OR SO-
VEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.—Every approximation to-
wards a Chartist Constitution of the Leglelatorc —that
is to say a Constitution regarcVng numbers as the sole
basis of power—is, pro tante, Pit approach to the anarchy
which results from giving legal weapons for the war of
the poor with the rich—from giving legal mastery to
numbers simply, unqualified by possessions. That mas-
tery has never been used, rnd never will be used, but in
one way. Those who think it conducive to the progress
of seeial refor.ns that they should be commenced by
cheating a legislature whose natural tendency and pro-
pensity must be the overthrow of privilege, rnd the in-
vasion of property—(and they have neither read his-
tory nor marked mob oratory, who deny the passions
end instinct of subversion, which lurk in the multitude,
and which their delegates must necessarily satisty di-
rectly or indirectly, by the modes of sangoinery violence,
or of legislative fraud and chicane)—those who think
vastly exte‘q. onstituencies the best inst . iment of
social reform and an instrument which we must have,
without Reform Bill restrictions, in order to effect any
farther public improvements—may consis: ently ble me the
Reform Ministers for hav;ng refased to aid them in
framing that instrument, end forcing it through a second
struggle with the rristocraticel powers of the State.
Those,on the contrary, who believe that on the avoidance
of such a struggle depended our avoidance of civil dis-
cord, or unbalanced democracy (which in Pu old coun-
try necessarily draws discord—because spo) ia tion—r ;ler
it) must feel their g..atitude due to the Whig Govern-
ments, precisely on the same grounds es the promoters
of that democracy deem them worthy of censere. It is
not then for their much railed-at "fiuvßt,y " that we
blame the late Ministers. We believe vilta the Leeds
Mercury and the Illchwi,l Clava;ch, that tie Parlia-
mentary constituency wants expr-gation much more
than extension.— Glooe.

WOOD PAVING. FOR ST. GEORGE THE
14.1ARTYIt'S, SOUTHWARK.—Yesterday a Vestry was hold
at the Church .of St. Gorge the. Alsrtyr, Southwa7.lc.
for the pir_pose of applying to the Commissioners of
Pavements 'o lay down is Cherch-street, and that pol ion
before the sacred edifice, a wootl-p.lving ilyst2zd of renew-
ing the stone. One of the chief reasons eleged by the
Rev. Mr. Horton, the Rector in the Chair, was to pre-
vent the inter! uption during Divine service, occasioned by
coaches and vehicles. The motion for the applicction
was finally agreed to,