The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-29 00:00:00

PUBLICATIONS.

Just published, price 3s. bound in cloth, the Second Edition,
corrected.
QELECT POETRY for CHILDREN,
• With brief and explanatory Notes, arranged for the use
of Schools and 'Families.
By JOSEPH PAYNE.
Rolfe and Fletcher, 17, Cornhill, London.

This day, in 2 vols. post Bvo. with Illustrations,
NARRATIVE of the CAMPAIGN of the
ARMY of the INDUS, b SIND and KAUBOOL,
in 1838 and 1839.
By RICHARD HARTLEY KENNEDY, M.D.
" This work presents a vivid and interesting history of one
of the most important campaigns in which our Indian army has
ever been engaged." Atlas.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
(Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.)

THE ECLECTIC REVIEW
FOR AUGUST,
Will be published on Monday next.
CONTENTS.

I. On Preaching.
2. Taylor's Natural History of Society.
3. Alexander's Congregational Lecture.
4. Vivia Perpetua: a Dramatic Poem.
5. Dr. Waddington's History of the Reformation.
6. ►Vesleyan Methodism—Canada Controversy.
7. Grant's Visit to the Nestorians.
8. The Elections.
London: Jackson and Walford, 18, St. Paul's Church-yard.

PUBLICATIONS.

DEDICATED TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
This day, in I vol., cloth lettered, ss.

POPULAR- ELEdTIONS,LEVILS and
REMEDIES of the PRESENT SYSTEM ; with
Remarks on.the Qualifications and Duties of Representatives
and Constituents ; and an Address on the proposed Measures
of Financial and Commercial Reform.
By JAMES S. BUCKINGHAM, Esq.,
Late M.P. for Sheffield, and Author of Travels in America.
Published by Simpkin and Marshall, London.
Orders received by all Booksellers.

On the Ist of August will be published, Section 11. (Parts 1 i
to 20), price 10s. sox ed. of
ADICTIONAR of GREEK and ROMAN
ANTIQUITIES. By VARIOUS SCHOLARS.
Illustrated by many hundred Engravings on Wood. Pub-
lishing in Monthly Parts, price Is. each, forming, when com-
plete, one octavo volume.
Section I. (Parts 1 to 10), price 104. sewed.
Section 111. will complete the Work.
Part 21, price Is., will be published September 1.
Printed for Taylor and Walton, Upper Gower-street.

New Edition, price Is. 6d. cloth,
CARPENTER'S SCHOLAR'S SPEL-
N...) LING ASSISTANT ; wherein thgf Words are arranged
on an improved-Plan, acortling-to their respective Principles
tsEAbiisAttatiegAiiss Inamtertaktuiatott •the'..4.rt, •
of Spelling and Pronunciation, to remove difficulties, and to
facilitate general improvement. By THOMAS CAR-
PENTER. Also;
CARPENTER'S ENGLISH VOCABULARY, in
which the words are arranged indiscriminately: designed as a
Sequel to the above. New Edition, ISmo. price 2s. bound.
London : Longman and Co. ; and Whittaker and Co.

This day is published, Bvo., with Plates, 145., cloth lettered,
AN INTRODUCTION to the THEORY
and PRACTICE of PLANE and SPHERICAL
TRIGONOMETRY, and the Stereographic Projection of
the Sphere; including the Theory of Navigation. By T.
KEITH. Seventh Edition, corrected by S. MAYNARD.

By the same Author,
The ELEMENTS of PLANE GEOMETRY; containing
the first Six Books of Euclid, from the Text of Dr. Simson ;
with Notes, Critical and Explanatory. Fourth Edition, cor-
rected and improved, by S. MAYNARD. Bvo., 10s. 6d. bds.
NEW TREATISE on the USE of the GLOBES , or, a
Philosophical View of the Eaith and Heavens. New Edition,
considerably improved by J. ROWBOTHAM, F.R. S. 12m0.,
with Seven Plates, price 6s. 6d. bound.
KEY, by PRIOR. 2s. 6d. bound.
.„,* The only genuine Edition.
London : Longman, Brown, and Co.

Published by Order of the Lords Commissioners of her
Majesty's Treasury.
I.
This day is published, Bvo. price 9s. boards,
FIGURES and DESCRIPTIONS of the
PAL/EZOIC FOSSILS of CORNWALL, DEVON,
and WEST SOMERSET; observed in the course of the
Ordnance Geological Survey of that District. By JOHN
PHILLIPS, F. R. S., F. G. S., &c., Assistant- General Secre-
tary to the British Association for the Advancement of Science,
&c. &c.

I vol. Bvo. with numerous Sections and Plans, Hs. cloth

lettered,
EPORT on the GEOLOGY of CORN-
Iv WALL, DEVON, and WEST SOMERSET.. By
HENRY T. DE LA BECHE, F.R.S., &c. Director of the
Ordnance Geological Survey. -
London: Longman, Brown, and Co.

This day is published, price 55., roan,
QIMSON'S ELEMENTS of EUCLID,
viz., the first Six Books, together with the XL and XII.,
carefully corrected by S. MAYNARD.
The almeoritb the addition of the Elements of Plane and
Sphefica Trigonometry; and a Treatise on 'the Cdthiritctiow
of the Trigonometrical Canon. Also, a Concise Account of
Logarithms, by the Rev. A. ROBERTSON, D.l). F. R. S.,
Oxford. Twenty.fifth Edition, revised by S. MAYNARD,
Bvo., 9s.
SIMSON'S ELEMENTS of EUCLID, edited in the Sym-
bolical Form. By R. BLAKELOCK, M. A., Fell. Cath.
Hall, Camb. 6s. 6d., cloth.
London : Longman and Co. ; T. Cadell ; J. M. Richard-
son; Rivingtons : Hamilton and Co. ; Whittaker and Co. ;
Sherwood and Co. ; Simpkin and Co. ; J. Sonter ; Smith,
Elder, and Co. ; R. Harvey; B. Fellowes; Houlston and
Stoneman ; J. Wacey ; E. P. Williams ; J. Templeinan ; and
J. Van Voorst. Cambridge : J. and J. Deighton.

NEW LATIN AND GREEK DICTIONARIES, &c.
J.
ACOMPLETE LATIN-ENGLISH DIC-
TIONARY. By the Rev. J. E. RIDDLE, M. A.
1 thick vol. Bvo. Second Edition, 21s. cloth lettered.—By the
same Author.
A COMPLETE ENGLISH-LATIN DICTIONARY.
Second Edition, 1 vol. Bvo. 10s. 6d. cloth lettered.
*.* The above may be had in one volume, price 31s. 6d. cloth.
Also, the above Abridged, for Schools. Price Ns. bound.
The Latin-English (75.) and English-Latin (ss. 6d.) may
be had separately.
" Riddle's Complete Dictionary is the best of its kind in our
language. The Abridgment is a careful condensati Jn."—
Athenmum.

---
AGREEK-ENGLISH and ENGLISH-
GREEK LEXICON. By the Rev. J. A. GILES,
LL.D. I thick vol. Bvo. price 21s. cloth lettered.
" A worthy companion to Riddle's Latin Dictionary."—Athen.
HI.

yM EPRIERE's CLASSICAL DICTIO-
-1 NARY; abridged from ANTHON'S and BARKER'S,
for Schools of both sexes. By E. H. BARKER, of Trinity
College, Cambridge. Second Edition, royal l2aio. Bs. fid.
bound.
*.* The only edition divested of all indelicacy.
London : Longman, Brown, and Co.

ESTABLISHED SCHOOL' BOOKS.
Printed fur Longman, Brown, and Co., London.

GRAMMAR of GENERAL GEOGRA-
PHY: being an Introduction and Companion to the
larger work of the same Author. By the Rev. J. GOLD-
SMITH. New Edition, improved and corrected, with Views of
the principal Capitals of the World, Maps, &c., 15m0.,35. 6d.
boulid.—KEY, 9d.
By the same Author,
GEOGRAMY on a POPULAR PLAN.
New Edition, including Extracts from recent Vo3ages
and Travels, with Engravings, representing the Dresses, Cus-
toms, &c., of all Nations, Views of Cities, Maps, &c. l2mo.
14s. bd.

CLASSICAL ENGLISH POETRY ; con-
taining from Three to Four Hundred of the best
Short Pieces in the Language. With a Preface, indicating the
several Species of Poetry, and the best Modes of Recitation.
By Dr. MAVOR.. New Edition, 12m0., ss. 6d., bound.

ASYSTEM of PRACTICAL ARITH-
METIC, applicable to the. Present State of Trade and
Money Transactions; illustrated by numerous Examples under
eaeh Rule. By the Rev. J. JOYCE. New. Edition, cor-
rected and improved by S. Maynard. 12m0., 3s. bound.
*„* The only genuine edition. _

KEY to the above ; with- the Method of making Mental
Calculations, and a new mode of Setting Sums in the early
Rules. New Edit. corrected and enlarged by S. Maynard,
12m0., 3s. bd.

POETRY for CHILDREN; consisting of
Selections of easy and interesting Pieces' from the best
Poets, interspersed with Original Pieces. By Miss AIKIN.
New Edition, 18mo. 2s. half-bound.
V.

THE ELEMENTS of BOOK-KEEPING,
by Single and Double Entry ; comprising several Sets
of Books, arranged according to present Practice, with an In-
troduction to Merchants' Accounts, illustrated with Forms and
Examples. By JAMES MORRISON, Accountant. New
Edition, considerably improved. Bvo., Bs. half-bound.
SETS of BLANK BOOKS, to correspond with the Four
Sets in the above Work :_Set A, Single nntry, 3s. ; Set B,
Double Entry, 9s. ; Set C, Commission Trade, 12s. ; Set
D, Partnership, 4s. 6d.
VI.

•S HE CLASS-BOOK ; or, 365 Reading
AL Lessons, for Schools of either Sex. By the Rev. D.
BLAIR. New Edition, 12m0., ss. bound.
By the same Author,
READING EXERCISES for SCHOOLS ;
being a Sequel to Mayor's Spelling, and an Introduc-
tion to the Class-Book. New Edition, corrected, 12m0., 2s.
bound.

LONDON, TH U RSDAY, JULY 29, 1841.

WHITTAKER'S IMPROVED EDIT lONS OF
lINNOCK'S C.,'ATECHISMS OF THE
ARTS, SCIENCES, AND LITERATURE.
FORMING A.: JUVENILE ENCYCLOP/EDIA.
Illustrated with min, plates, and woodcuts, 18mo., pi ice Pd.
. -- - each.
The extensive rale of these little works has proved their on-
rivalied utility as initiatory to di branches of learning. Their
style has rendered thernavailable by the youngest scholar, while
at the same time adults have derived equal ad vantage from
them in commencing a o:Mrse of any of the sfbjects treated of.
Each Catechism has been carefully re-edited, and were the
Names of the various editors to be given, they would be found
to include those of nun the most distinguished in their various
professions and pursuits. Every edition is also earefuny su-
pervised, so as to Comprise the latest discoveries or improve-
ments. It is not too much to say that these little works have
greatly aided the intellectual advance of the age, by rendering
clearelhnri
Chronology
eitrocisitiaotlahoye dullest capacity
,
117. ciaArp.itieri tEym the.t.rc i
s, s,c
elements i l of all branches of
knowledge.
sirß
Modern . ,'.!Algebra, Two Parts,
Ancient Arithmetic
Geometry
Bible and Gospel , Navigation
(Land Surveying
Er gland i RELIGION.
Scotland !Christian Religion
Ireland - Evidences of . Chris-
Francemei
r tianity
ca, Two PikaNLiturg
America, oftheChurch
Rome • , . of England
Greece , Natural Theology
Jews ' ' Religious Denomina-
GEOGRAPHY. tions
Ancient . Scripture History I
Modern, NATURAL 1•111 LO.
Sacred.
England and Wales i Natural Philosophy
Ireland Astr..nomy
Scotland ...,. Ow:ton-1y
Tatot.itis.=--Ekr4"-,.;:tilitt,.rY
and America GeelOgY
Use of the Globes, Mechanics
two Parts Optics
GRAMMAR. Pneumatics
English Electricity
French FINE ARTS, &e.
German Architecture
Italian Drawing
Latin Painting in Oil
Spanish Perspective
Greek Music
Hebrew
The following may be had, with an explanatory Map to each,
price Is. :--/ilolern Geography—Bible History—llistory of
England.
For, the use of young persms studying French, the Cate--
chisms of History of England, Geography, and Bible History,
are translated into that language, price Is. each.
The above may also be had in twelve volumes, price 31. 12s
in eloth, or 41. 10s. half-bound morocco and lettered,
Whittaker and Co., Ave Marialane, London.

NATURAL immix.
Botany, coloured,
Natural History
Cnuchology
Horticulture
Mineralogy
Mammalia
Birds
Fishes
Reptiles
Insects
Crustacea
Moliusca

LITERATURE.
Poetry
Mythology
Rhetoric
Logic
British Biography
IClassical Biography

MISCE'LLA IhILO U S.
First Catechism
General Knowledge
Intellectual Philos°.

phy
Agriculture
English Law
Heraldry
Medicine
Moral and Social Du-
ties
Trade and Commerce

NORTH BRITISH INSURANCE
COMPANY,

4, NEW BANK BUILDINGS, LONDON
I, HANOVER-STREET, EDINBURGH
37, COLLEGE-GREEN, DUBLIN.
Incorporated by Royal Charter. Established in 1609.
Capital, Ono Million.
LONDON BOARD.
Alderman Sir PETER LAURIE, Chairman.
FRANCIS WARDEN, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
Robert Cockburn, Esq. Isaac Sewell, Esq.
Alexander Cockburn, Esq. Walter A. Urquhart, Esq.
John Connell, Esq. George Webster, Esq.
William P. Craufurd, Esq. Benj. Boyd, Esq.
Resident,
John Irvine Glennie, Esq. Mark Boyd, Esq.
Charles Hertslet, Esq.
BANKERS—The Union Bank of London.
PIiVSICIAN—John Webster, M.D., 56, Grosvenor-street.

.
SoLicrross—llessrs. Parken and Webster, 13, New Boswell-
court, London.

The System adopted by this Cbrporation combines the Prin-
ciple of Mutual Assurance with the security of a large Sub-
scribed Capital and the support of an influential body of Pro-
prietors.
In order to meet the views of all classes of Insurers, poli-
cies are likewise granted on the following plan, viz. :—When
an insurance is for the whole term of life, one-half of the
premium is only required to be paid for the first five years, tfia
other half may remain unpaid, subject to the charge of interest
of 5 per cent. per annum, to be deducted at death, er may be
paid off, at the option of the parties. Tables have also been
calculated, making the sum insured payable on the party at-
taining the age of Sixty, or at Death, if it occur sooner.
The Premiums are moderately rated at all ages, and are so
modified by ascending and descending scales and otherwise, as
to suit the object of every Insurer at the least immediate out-
lay, whether to secure a Debt, provide for his Family, or to
convert Income into Capital for his own use.
Prospectuses, Tables of Rates, and every information, may be
had on application to Messrs. B. and M. Boyd, No. 4, New
Bank-buildings, London.

REGIST RATIONS.
TO BOROUGH AND CITY ELECTORS.

The.
.!-;ALSigvt:al,..Vect ion Ishottld there be one)
wi.thlril 5 mon tigf Y ‘:ir tu al iycommence
next, that being the day on which the Overseers publish
the list of voters for the ensuing year.
Every Reformer, should, therefore, prepare for the
contest by carefully attending to the registration. Ist.
He should see that the Overseers publish their lists on
all the Churches and Chapel doors on the Ist and Bth of
August, their wilfully neglecting to do so rendering them
liable to a penalty of 500/. 2dly. He .should examine
those lists either next Sunday or the following Sunday,
or at the residence of an Overseer any day before the
15th of August, which any -person may do without the
payment of any fee. He should see that his name, qua-
lification, and -place are correctly described, and having
ascertained if the names of any persons, who be believes
to be entitled to be on such list, have been omitted, he
should induce them to claim to be registered on or before
the 25th of August ; for this purpose the Reform Act
prescribes a form of claim which should be adopted, viz.
A CLAIM TO BE REGISTERED.

To the Overseers of the Parish of
I hereby give .you notice that. I Claim to have my
name inserted in the List made by yell of persons eu-
titled, under the Reform Act, to Vote in the Election of a
Member (or Members) for the City (or Borough) of
, and that my qualification consists of a
at No. in in your Parish.
Dated this clay of 1841.
(Signed) of
Insert the name of the parish, and the nature of the
premises, as houSe, warehouse, counting-house, shop,
workshop, stable, shed, or as the case may be, and the
name of the street, court, &c. ; put iii the date, and sign
the names of the claimant, and his place of abode, at full
length, If a. scot and lot voter, instead of the words
" under the Reform Act," insert " In respect of the Scot
and Lot Franchise," _ _

On or before the 25th August, give this claim to an
overseer, and afterwards attend before the Revising Bar-
risters, who hold their Courts between the 15th Sep-
tember and the 25th October. A correct copy of this
chiini should be kept, and the party wlfo serves the claim
should immediately write on the copy to whom the claim
was delivered, and the day of. the month and year.
Ho should then copy from the Overseer's list the .
names of any political opponent that he believes not be
be entitled to a vote ; and, should ho be disinclined to
take the trouble consequent upon objecting himself, he
should forward his information to a Reform or Regis-
tration Society, if there be one in that borough or city,
or to some active Reformer residing therein,—as it is
necessary that the objector, or some one on his behalf,
should appear in the Revising Barristers Court to sup-
port the objection, though the proof of qualification will
fall on the person objected to.
The following are grounds of disqualification, viz.:-
Ist. Not having been in occupation of the premises for
12 months previously to the Ist of July.
2d, Not occupying as tenant, but only as director, se-
cretary, clerk, servant, Sze.
3d. Premises not being worth 101. per year ; or, if
described as a house, not having control over a separate:
door. This is not necessary for any other premises, as
shop, warehouse, counting-house, &c.
tjhely2o3
4th. Not being rated, or not having claimed to be
tlh, 1840.
July,of
r a tsetdh,, tip°ari.pl Ipaoyotruse- eos
nm:rd
he
esfionreee
window-tax (if assessed) due before the Gth of April, or
of the poors-rates which. have been demanded per-
sonally, or by a notice left at the premises, before the
Gth of April.
6th. Not having resided (o.ept) within seven miles,
since the 31st of January last.
ith. If in partnership, not having been so . twelve
months before the 31st of July, or premises not giving
101. for each.
Bth. If an alien, infant, idiot, or lunatic, officers of
excise, customs, stamps, post-office, assessed taxes (if
appointed by Assessed-tax Commissioners), or new po•
lice, pauper, or if convicted of bribery, felony, &c.
The following notice of objection can only be signed
by a person whose name is on the overseer's list, and
must be delivered..to an overseer on or before the 25th
of August :
NOTICE OF OBJECTION.
To the Overseers of the parish of
I hereby give you • notice that I object to the name
of • being retained
in the list of persons entitled. under the Reform Act, to
vote in the election of a Member, (or Members), for the
city (or borough) of ,; and that
,I shall
bring forward such objection at the time of the revising
of such list.
Dated the day of August, in the year 1841.
(Signed)

• -
MR. BUCKINGHAM'S NEW WORK.—The re-
cent elections have furnished abundant materials . for
sober reflections to men of all parties ; and Mr. Buck-
ingham, having had an opportunity-of seeing the working
of our system, and comparing it with that of America,
has given to the world the result of his conclusions, in
an original sketch of an entire new plan of fixing the
qualification, registering the electors, and taking their
votes, -so as to prevent much ,:of the. excitement, riot,
fraud, bribery, and corruption of the existing system.—
It is a small volume, neatly got up, at a very moderate
price, and from its high ninral tons and tendency, de-
serves extensive circulation.
PRICE OF BREAD.—Yesterday the bakers in
s.
Edinburgh raised the price of the four pound loaf one
halfpenny innyonceryed,
halfpenny.;lt is now sold at ninepence or
if
di di
n rt ghihnAa monthvertier ; and ninepence ready

COMMERCE-ENGLAND AN I)
GERMANY.

The notions prevailing in England respecting the corn
mercial position and legislatioir of the States J*ol-filing tin
Germanic Confederation appear to be so- confused th:i
a -concise statement of facts as they exist may be of Sci
vice. This emfusion of ideas has on several oceasio!
induced English writers, both in official and private ra.
awls, to adopt too unreserve:lly the statements of (41
mans whose opinions have weight at home, but %%
have not much clearer views than their-neighbours o
commercial matters. Their dependence upon Germa
representations is evident to al who know Germany,
every page of Dr. Bowring's Report, and pervades tin
greater part of the intermitting correspondence furniihte
by travellers to our newspapers and periodicals.
- The notion of the union produced in Germany by tk.
adoption of the Prussian tariff is a most fruitful sours
of misapprehension both with us and abroad. The treat)
by which a number of the German States agreed t•
adopt one and the same tariff, in order to abolish tht
lines-of custom guards which separated their respectivm
States from each other, and to reduce the expense a:
well as the 'obnoxious - operations of, the impediment: .
to commerce to the ring fence which divides then.
from foreign lands, was a proposal which woulc
deserve all the encomiums lavished upbn it b)
the German authors, ' if- it had ever fairly been
-carried into effect. It is, however, in a great measure,
clogged by the numerous exceptions occasioned by a dis-
crepancy in financial regulations. Thus, salt is every-
where a monopoly, and is sold dearer in some countries
than in others. Wino and spirits, as well as beer, an
more highly taxed in Prussia than in the Louth, anti
must, pay differential
.duties on passing into that king-
dom from the other States, with other exceptions, which
oblige carriers of merchandise to stop, for a revision of
their loads, at fixed frontier stations, and to keep to tip-
minted lines • of road, even within the limits of the Zott-
verein. With mard ti the duties on foireign-produou
and manufactured goods, most of the States have peculiar
systems of Corn-laws, some adopting a sliding scale, and
others a fixed rate of duty ; while Prussia claim 3 a right
of introducing a quantity of -stuffs from the faetorie:,
established in its Swiss province of Neufchatel. The
transit duties, too, are different upon goods entering
Germany by the Rhine, the Elbe, and the Baltic ports.
In matters of navigation the inland States have hitherto
not been interested ; otherwise the existing Prussian
navigation laws, which impose differential duties upon
the shipping of States which have not entered into special
treaties of reciprocity with Prussia, would show a
greater deviation from the principle of union than those
'to which I have alluded.

Here is now the point which must not be lost sight of.
especially in the contraction of diplomatic relation: with
Germany. The "Zollverein" consists only in an agree-
ment between a certain number of States to adopt cer-
tain portions of a tariff proposed by Prussia. It exists,
therefore, externally only as a combination of indepen-
dent States to impose fixed duties upon foreign merchan-
dise ; internally, as a similar association of States, for
the procuring of certain facilities of intercourse for their
respeCtive subjects. Both objects have been attained,
with limitations and exceptions, by the free agency of
each individual State ; but these States are no more
amalgamated into one body oe one commercial nation,.
than the nations composing the Holy Alliance were by
that famous compact. Each country can at will with-.
draw .from the League, and assume an independent posi-
tion ; each nation treats separately with foreign Powers;
questions of importance must be discussed by special Am-
bassadors sent for the purpose to a place of meeting, to
be fixed on the emergency. There is no central board,
no executive delegate, no standing committee,-, no seal,
no cognizance, no flag. Under these circumstances, how
can treaties be concluded with the Zollverein as such ?
Where does it exist ? It has never constituted itself as
a body politic.
With this incorporate Corporation the German pa- -
pers tell us that a treaty has been concluded by the Bri-
tish Government under the Act passed last Session,
which allows the most convenient harbours for an export-
ing inland State to be declared harbours of that State. In
the present case the harbours in the German Ocean
lying between the Meuse and the Elbe. inclusively, are
declared to bo harbours for the German inland States
belonging to the Zollverein, in the same manner as if
they were situated within those States. This would, of
course, allow each of the States named to export its own
produce in its own vessels, or such prOduce as it should
have imported to Great Britain and its dependencies,
provided always the Government of the harbour in ques-
tion had no objection. The writers in the Prussian
State Gazette, which, from its position at Berlin, is
looked upon in Germany as an • official organ, have
occasioned a warm dispute by claiming more than
the privileges above stated under this treaty. They
declare it to be a convention concluded with the Zoll-
verein, conferring on the vessels of all the States
of this League the right of carrying all the - produce
of the Zollverein from the harbours in 'question. Oda r
volt ters,,vilea7iin not see how such a privilege can
be granted under our present navigation laws with-
out the especial sanction of Parliament, have warned
their countrymen against acting upon this interpretation
of the treaty, as the custom-house officers, in the case
of the celebrated treaty of Milan, showed that they were
well versed in geographical distinction. As the other
States have at present no shipping, the matter is only Of
secondary practical interest to them, -and the effect of
any such stipulation as that above mentioned would only
be for the present to allow Prussian vessels to carry the
produce of the other German States, and what had been
imported into the Hansa Towns, to Great Britain.
As a question of principle, however, a general dissa-
tisfaction with Prussia prevails throughout Germany on
this point, which has not been sparingly expressed
through the press, and which substantiates in the fullest
manner my assertion respecting the want of the forms,
and of the ostensible and responsible agents of a corpo-
rate body. The feeling of discontent at the power as-
sumed by Prussia to conclude a treaty in the name of all
the other States without consulting any of the parties most
interested, is very strong. The greater part of the other
States have constitutional charters and representative as-
semblies, which give the people a voice in matters of
public interest; and it is perhaps natural that the Prussian
Government, which does not allow the exercise of these
rights to its subjects, should be disposed to pay little
attention to. them elsewhere. The discussion of the sub-
ject has moreover raked up all the distinctions which
Prussia has the appearance of sedulously preserving,
and which shows how precarious the tenure is upon
which even the present loose degree of union is bold.
The fact, that; by the existing letter of the Prussian law
the vessels. of the other States (if they had any) are ex
eluded from the Baltic harbours ; while Prussia, with-
out asking their consent, negotiates for herself, and for
them, upon a footing of equality,..—the remembrance
that in the new coinage of two-dollar silver pieces,
which are intended to circulate in the whole of the Zoll-
verein, and in which several German States even altered
their standard of coinage, and adopted that of Prussia,
for the sake of unanimity,—this Power alone put its arms
upon its coin, in place of a wreath of oakleaves, which .
the others had adopted. Above all, this summary mode
of concluding a treaty of such importance single-handed
with a foreign power, and placing them in the false po-
sition of having only the choice of adopting it as it is
presented, or by breaking up the league • by its rejection,
are most acutely felt, especially in southern G.,rinany:
That such a state of things is little calculated to in-
vite such of the German States as have hitherto re-
fused to' adhere to the " Zollverein," is pretty clear,
even if commercial interests did not oppose to prevent
them. How could cities like Hamburgh, Bremen, and
Lubeck, consent to lay the management of matters so
delicate as commercial arrangements in the hands of a
board of schoolmen at Berlin, or of Baron this and
Count the other, who may, for very different qualifica-
tions, have been appointed Ambassadors at London,
Paris, Rio de Janeiro or Washington ? Have we not,
from this one proceeding, a clear proof that the interests
of commerce are as indifferently understood by states-
men abroad as, with ourselves, and that the notion of
good accruing to any party from the resignation of the
'management of their own affairs on the part of Hanover,
the Hanse Towns, and Mecklenburgh, to so unscrupulous
a power as that now ruling in the " Zollverein," is more.
than a chimerical notion ? It is downright madness. I
think it may fairly be questioned whether the conclusion.
of two such treaties as that with Austria and the Ger-
man States of the Zollverein, is not a step which, under
the present complicated nature of our commercial rela •
tions, may involve serious loss to individuals and to the
nation.

An instance of the mischief that may arise from such
a proceeding is afforded by the treaty in question. The
clause which extends• the privileges fr,ranted by the
treaty to the States forming the Zollverein to such States
as shall hereafter join that league, throws the whole
weight of British influence into the scale of those Powers
who are interested in the extension of the Zollverein.
Now, that this is neither the case with the British na-
tion, nor with the Hamburgh, Bremen, or Lubeck
houses in England, must be tolerably evident, and would
not have escaped their notice if it had been submitted to
them. We can have no interest in the extension of a
league which imposes almost prohibitory duties upon a
large portion of our manufactures, for a double read
because it deprives us of a larger sale, while it impove-
rialtos the pouutriea concerned by obliging them to pay
more dearly than they ought for clothing, and thus pre-
vents them from being consumers of Qthf3P PAM-H.1410m
All ordinary articles of clothing in Prussia are hilly so
per cent, dearer than they need be, and even with this
proteetien the WPM in4nufaeturer is not Content, h
it nee„„,)„ oleo, for us to 444 PIA§F:
countries which have not joined this league to do 'so' r
Should we not rather hold out every inducement to the
States of the League to approximate their tariff and to
adapt their commercial institutions to the wants of their
s4Ußate atyl the tlemtitie Of an enlightened age ?
Ihe greater paFt n€ gig eoratilete4l "G 1445 v,iti4 titG
other countries of k4'nrope, may be regulated without the
necessity of touching on what are considered questions
of principle. By a judicious use of the means at our
disposal, there is no nation which our extensive demand
and accumulated capital cannot force to adopt a fairs-
tete: of trade, if we offer a fair entio,yineut qt. ti.14,.ft:47
)7:taupe in UV OP!
Far be it from 140 to disparage the aegi ts
whieh our statesmen obtain at our reis
lliT if
they have spent their time well at ttlose tiqils, they
will have learnt by the time they leave them how
they have yet to learn. If Ministers will assume the
direction of interests of so subtle and important a nature

:4 commercial relations have by the history of every are
)een proved to be, they must condescend to a drudgery
4* investigation, which to be useful must be complete.
Chat we have n any-men in office both willing and able
undertake such a useful study cannot be doubted, but
lie effects of their influence are not visible in any of
he treaties concluded of late with the i:nropean Pow( rs.
['he more fact of our finding ourselves in the p4sition or
vekers where we ought to he sought, is sufficient' t•yi-
fence that our true commercial position is totally nii:mt-
lerstood ; and any person who would undertake to Write
the commercial history of our age from the report sub-
.fitted to Parliament, would leave to posterity a lament-
Able document of the ignorance prevailing amongst us
in subjects of such vital importance t.) a trading nation.
—Front a Letter in a Morning Paper.