The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-04 00:00:00

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LONDON :
MONDAY, OCTOBER "4, 1841.

The Duke of WELLINGTON stated in the House
of Peers on Friday evening, that " there was no
real distress in the country for want of food,"
that " it was utterly impossible that any inquiry
should be made at present," and that " he had
no objection to take on himself the responsibility
of advising her MAJESTY to prorogue the Parlia-
ment." The Duke and his colleagues, there-
fore, agree on the subject of no distress; but
while Sir ROBERT PEEL endeavours, by quoting
Savings' Banks and Fever Hospital returns, to
prove that there is nothing but health and pros-
perity, the Duke of WELLINGTON bluntly asserts
it. They both agree in opinion ; they only differ
in the mode of their expression.

At all the public meetings held at Manchester,
Liverpool, Bolton, Warrington, &c., &c., lan-
guage the very reverse of that used by these two
statesmen has been continually employed, and
no person has stood up to gainsay it. A great
difference of opinion, then, exists between the
Cabinet and the manufacturing population con-
cerning its condition. If the difference con-
cerned the policy to 'be adopted towards the
United States in the case of M'LEOD, we should
concede-the propriety or the Duke of WELLING-
TON and Sir It. PEEL disregarding the representa-
tions of the manufacturers. They could judge
of that question better, perhaps, than the inha-
bitants of Manchester. But when the difference
relates to the condition of the manufacturers
themselves, of which the Duke of WELLING-
TON and Sir ROBERT PEEL can know nothing
except what they leern from the manu-
facturers, it seems to us preposterous in
the Ministers not to listen to their representa-
tions. But they have made up theirminds. There I
can be, in their opinion, no distress arising froni
their beloved Corn-laws. There must be no dis-
tress, and they are determined, as far as they can,
that no evidence of distress shall be formally
laid before Parliament. It is inconvenient, too,
for Peers and landlords to be kept from their
Preserves, and though the different views touch
the safety of the empire, the Duke of WEeenva-
TON takes on himself the responsibility of recom-
mending the prorogation of Parliament without
entering into any inquiry.
His Grace betrays in that resolution more of
the courage of the soldier than the prudence of the
civilian. He seems to have lost none of that
iron energy which enabled him to conquer
BONAPARTE. He is still a man of few words
and bold deeds. Unfortunately, however, for
his reputation and the public happiness. the
people are not an enemy whom he must subdue;
they are the masters of the whole GovernmPnty
which is bound, let who will administer it, tO
study their will and happiness. To set oat,
therefore, on the principle of refusing, to listen to
their prayers—of
knowing better what is good
for them than they know themselves._must lead
his Grace astray; and the greater his energy,
the firmer his resolve, the faster and further he
will
go
wrong., and the more injurious his con-
duct will be to his own reputation and re, the
Duke of WELLINGTON, with
community:. The
his Tory colleagues, have committed the very
same errors before. They would not listen to
the demands for Parliamentary Reform. They
described the old borough mongering system as
perfect, and they brewed a revolution, which is
" still fermenting. Their error in 1841 is more
palpable and greater than their error in 1830,
and the consequences wilt be more fatal to them-
selves.

How will the people take the Duke of WEL.'
LINGTON'S declaration, Sir R. PEEL'S arguments,
and the determination to prorogue the Parlia-
ment at all hazards? What will the hand-loom
weavers say to a Government which denies the
existence of distress for want of food? What will
the agricultural labourer say? What will all
those whO are on the verge of ilnine, or who see
their fellows on that dreadful brink, say to the
Noble DUKE'S declaration "that there is plenty
of food," and " that any honest hard-working
man may, in England, acquire a competency ?"
What can they all say and think of the prestnt
Government, but that it mocks at their suffer-
ings, and is resolved to rule them with an iron
hand, denying them even the poor boon of an
inquiry into their complaints ? Their patience
is praised, and is relied on. They have been
most orderly—most submissive ; and will-, the
DUKE belieVef continue twtie-,4,, Their raehee.

and peaceable bthavieur ire in f; llible indications,
the TOriCt they do not stiffer, and thus
theirver:i enitiolden theiroppressors. As the
leg isiattiti, ever made laws for the public welfare,
but only'and always to serve some class-interest
as it made the Corn-law for the purpose of keep-
ing up rents, it never will be indnced to give up
that law by anything short of a conviction that
it is not for the interest of the landlords to
maintain it. How. that conviction is to be en-
gendered, as they believe that the law is bene-
ficial to them in a pecuniary point of view, we
cannot say. Vulturesand wolves are scared from
their prey, but what can scare a Government of
monopolists, headed by the iron-minded Duke
in one House, and PEEL, GRAHAM, and STAN-
LEY in the other ?

We copy from the Carnarvon Herald an ac-
count of a preliminary meeting held at Carnar-
von, to consider the propriety of summoning a
Ministerial Conference in Wales on the subject
of the Corn-laws. There seems no doubt but the'
Conference will be held. This, however, is not
the only indication of the strong religious feeling
which is now connected with the abolition of the
Corn-laws. In several chapels prayer meetings
have been held on that subject. The school-
masters at Manchester have put their shoulders
to the wheel, and they will not be without their
influence. Between the aristocratic bread-taxers
and the amp aristocratic bread-eaters a fierce
contention on principle is arising, which will end
either by enslaving the people, or by abolishing
the bread-tax.

We have received Madrid Papers of the ,‘23d
ult. The Eco dcl Con2mereio of that date con-
tains a bitter answer to an article which recently
appeared in the Journal des Debats sneering at
Spain, and accusing her people and Government
of ingratitude towards France. The following
extract from that article will show the sensitive-
ness of the Spanish people, and how little real
sympathy exists at bottom between the two na-
tions. We may add, that it quite delighted the
people of Madrid :
" We are called ingrates, and yet, through the family
compact, coming from Charles 111., we were embroiled
in a disastrous war, which brought us to the necessity of
submitting, jointly with France, to the shameful peace
of 1763 ; we were by France, without previous know-
ledge, involved in the United States war, concluded by
signing the humiliating, peace of 1783. In both wars
cur naval forces were placed at the disposal of France—
not for defending our interests,: but quite otherwise,
greatly to -their prejudice. , The French Government,
without our previous consent, despoiled us of the Island
of Trinidad, _which it ceded to ;Great Britain by the
treaty of Amiens. The French Government sold the
Floridas to the United States, thereby openly violating
the terms of the treaty of cession we had niade. We
signed the ignominious treaty of peace of Basilla,
and the untoward treaty of San Ildefonso, and
our navy perished at Trafalgar, through the inexpe-
rience and madness of the French Admiral ; and we
signed the treaty of Fontainbleau, in ortliir to satiate,
with the spoils of Portugal, the ambition of Napoleon. The
elite of our troop.) were previously removed into Pomerania!
Let us see what France has dune for us. Behold on the
Madrid Prado the monument of the 2d May, as a perpetual
testimony of the treasonable infamy and unexampled cow-
ardice of the French, who assassinated our fellow-citi-
zens in the most heartless manner. France surely does
not demand of liberal Spain a testimony of gratitude
fur its invasion of Spain in 1823. If it requires
one, let it exact it at the hands of the satellites of the
Inquisition. As to the conduct of France towards
Spaia since 1834, we have only to appeal to
the testimony of the opposition members in the Paris
Chamber of Deputies,. who told the Minister of the
Crown ' your policy is a Carlist policy.' What Spaniard
can have forgotten the famous Varna& of that Ministry,
of which M. Salvandy, the recently appointed Minister to
Spain, formed part ? And, lastly, this very same ques-
tion of the Isla del Rey, in Port Mahon Bay, does it not
prove that Spain, forgetful of the security of its own terri-
tory, was still too condescending ? Yet the ex-Minister
Joubert, in the Session December 3, 1840, declared that
France aimed at the possession of the Balearic Islands."

The Funds improved on the 23d. The Five per Cents.
27i for cash,' and 27 at CO days are the closing prices,
and about 270,0001. sterling was done.

The whole of the Paris Journals of Thursday

have reached us. The breaking off of the nego-
tiations for a commercial treaty between France
and Belgium, principally on account of the
French iron monopolists, is severely commented
upon in several of the Liberal journals. Free-
dom of commercial intercourse is beginning
to find many able advocates in France.
The policy Vof sacrificing the interests
of a nation of conssmers in order to enrich a
handfill of native producers is now very gene-
rally condemned. The starving population of
Paris can no longer be persuaded that the filling
a French belly with German beef would be a
ruinous measure, any more than the people of

- -
Manchester can be made to believe that a British
stomach has an unconquerable aversion to French
brandy or a Spanish-groWn loaf. The bulk of
the newspapers respond to the common sense of
the people; so that, whatever be the fate of the
present negotiations, we regard the doom of mo-
nopolies as sealed.
The Sud of Marseilles of the 27th ult. announces the
return of the steum-boat Dante, which sailed from that
port on the 21st ult. with the Levant mail, in consequence
of an accident to her machinery. The letters and des-
patches were returned to the post-office and were to re-
main until the Ist instant, "there being no other boat
ready for sea, and even were there one it would have
been useless to have despatched her, as she could not
have arrived at Malta until after the departure of the
mail from Syra."
The following further particulars of the affair:of the
British merchant who was maltreated at Sfax, are given
by the Semaphore of Marseilles, in a letter from that
place of the 24th lilt :—" The agent of an English com-
mercial house having a difference with one of the re-
ceivers of import duties, was dragged into the Custom-
house yard at Sfax, and there cruelly beaten and stoned
by some Arabs ; the principal aggressor being a man
named Belhac, who, being at the head of the service, ought
to have restrained his subordinates. The Governor, Ha-
geb Ben Ajat, instead of doing immediate justice, as he
was bound, seat an account to the Bey of Tunis, repre-
senting that the Englishman had ill-treated the officers;
and he found plenty of witnesses to certify the truth of
his report, many being impelled by fear, and others by
malignity, to affix their names to it. The British Vice
Consul demanded reparation, but Ben Ajat replied only
with insults; and without waiting for the answer from
the Bey, decided that the agent had violated the law, and•
accordingly sent him to prison. After lying there four
days, the Englishman was bound with cords, placed on a
horse, and sent out of the town; but being met by some
Europeans on the road, he was rescued by them. All
those who were engaged in this release have taken
refuge under the British flag, where they still remain."
A letter from Ancona, 18th instant, gives accounts of
the fetes on the occasion of the visit of the Pope, who
made his entrance into the town on the 15th, an event
which has not occurred at Ancona within the last three
centuries. It was triumphal. The populace took the
horses from the carriage of his Holiness and drew him
to the Church of Santo Agostino, where he pronounced
a benediction on the people. In the evening there were
grand fireworks let off in Piazza Oranda, and, in one of
the halls of the Town• house, took place the ceremony
of kissing the forehead of the Pope's white mule. His
Holiness was seated on a throne, his foot resting on a
red velvet cushion, and the mule was richly caparisoned
in the same colour with a cross of gold over the back.
Ali persons who entered left their hats and gloves in an
outer room, and knelt down three times before approach-
ing the steps. • The Austrian Government paid a hand-
some compliment to Gregory XVI., in sending its stkam-
vessel the Mahmoudie to Ancona, and placing it en-
tirely at his command during his stay. The Pope
availed himself of this attention, and in return bestowed
his benediction on the steamer, conferring upon it his own
name. This being done, his standard- was hoisted at
the mast-head, and he took an excursion in it. In the
morning of the 17th, his Holiness set out for Rome.
On Tuesday, the Dukes d'Aumale and de Montpen-
sier, accompanied by Messrs. Delatour and Jannin, left
c
omneigne ; and, earlier in the morning, the Pope's In-
ternuncio, the Minister of Public Instruction, and the
one o'cnlodckt,u9
CAotunt and Countess Mole, took their departure for Paris.
AtQueen
Christina,Chamberlains, alighted
ba3'; her
LadyPsl oef.
Honour a
DAot%trhazeer,
otfh
se gwaennttl
toit o.);iasiiti? at
yrnu
iwnist with
of thet h Queene‘
Cha-
teau de Pierrefont. The weather was extremely fine,
and the King ascended to the summit of the highest
tower, and enjoyed the extensive and picturesque view
it. affords. • The Royal party, which was followed by
several other carriages tilled with the invited
guest;),
did not return to the Palace till a quarter before
seven
where their j)lajesties were met by the Minister of Pubic
Works, who had just arrived. In the evening there
was a grand banquet in the Salle de Diane.
M. Guizot has returned to Paris from Conipeigne.
The Dutch papers publish the following trait of heroism
on the part of the Dutch troops, during the late in-
surrection in Sumatra. The fort of Gogoer-Merlin-
tang, occupied by Sub-Lieutenant Bauza, and fifty
men, was suddenly attacked by several thousands
of the insurgents. The little garrison defended them-
selves bravely with their bayonets, but several were
wounded, and their provisions being short, they were
exposed to the horrors of hunger.
- They held out
however for four days, when the officer in command re-
solved on evacuating the fort. Three of the garrison
were too severely wounded to be able to remove, and re-
mained, with a determination to blow up the fort as
soon as the rebels should have entered. Lieut. Baum
and his men effected their retreat. by dint of extraordi-
nary valour,whilst the rebels took possession of the
fort ;,bUt the latter had an soonerentera than the three
inert who remained Set-fire to their powder, and all who

entere7/ it -.-ere blo7-n ip with the heroic and faithful

Sol i€i s•

, .
i -Thu Journal frb,:ce et Lotre antes that a journeyman
toe:
wi.:•::•.iwri,,' t, :lamed ka j Ga, was arrezed a :ew days
a Dray, Oa a charge of uttering seditious lan-
g ge, and declaring publicly that he intended to go to
Paris to kill the King.
A grand dinner was given at the Belgian Court, on
Monday, in honour of the visit of the Duchess of Kent.

During the stay of the King and Queen of Prussia at
Breslau, a beautiful square carpet, of the extraordinary
size of 27 feet in each side, and worked by 112 ladies of
the nobility of the province, was presented to her Ma-
jesty, in commemoration of her visit.
Yesterday and the day before, 19 persons, condemned
to punishments including exposure in the pillory, nn-
dement the latter on the Place du Palais de Justice.:
One of them, named Peure, who was sentenced to 20
years' imprisonment with hard labour, for bigamy, was
so ill that he was allowed to be seated. This man ap-
peared to suffer much from exposure to the public gaze,
but the others displayed a revolting effrontery.
On the 23d inst., at Ostend, M. Ernest Betout, a Pa-
risian, 25 years of age, who had been living for some
days at the Hotel du Lion d'Or, and who represented
himself as agent for a French Life Insurance Company,
went to a shooting-gallery, and, placing himself a little
apart, discharged a ball into the left side of his chest.
The wowed, though very dangerous, is 'not mortal. The
young man was carried to the hospital. From papers
found in his room it appears that a disappointment 'in
love was the cause of this attempt, and that he had me-
ditated self-destruction ever since July. He had talked
much within a few days about the best way of dying.
A letter from the frontier of Poland, of the 15th inst.,
quoted by the Frankfort Journal, a semi-official Russian
paper, says—" Measures are taking, which according to
all appearances will turn greatly to the advantage of the
Polish nation. A general amnesty is in preparation,
and hopes are entertained that the Emperor will pro-
claim it in person. The surplus of the Budget, which
was ordered by a decree of 1532 to be paid into the privy
purse of his Majesty, not having been so transferred for
the last two years, the Treasury has considerable sums
in hand, and these by an Imperial decree are appro-
priated towards the construction of a railroad to traverse
the country."
A few days ago, says the Droit, at an early hour in
the morning, an employe of the Octroi, whilst passing
through the Rue Vieille du Temple, picked up a small
basket, carefully covered up, which, on being opened,
was found to contain a large sum of money. The finder,
although in the receipt of so low a salary as if. 25c. per
day, and having a numerous family, had the honesty
immediately to place the basket and its contents in the
hands of the Commissary of Police of the district, with a
view to. its being claimed by the owner.
It is said that the three individuals arrested some days
ago in consequence of the disclosures made by Quenisset
as his accomplices have been confronted with him. He
persists in accusing them, stating the part which each
of them was to perform in the terrible drama. They
persist in denying everything.• Le •Teinps.. - • •
Admiral Hugon (says our correspondent) has received
several despatches, and we learn that active preparations
arc making in the squadron placed under his command:
Several ships of the line are immediately to complete
their stock of provisions. The Genereux is preparing to
put to sea.
. Several steamers have been ordered to take in: their
coals, in:order to .be readyeto depart at,first signal, The
Tounerre steamer, it is said, is to take troops on hoard
at Port Vendres.

This morning the Cerbere steamer (a hospital ship)
weighed anchor and put to sea, going to Algiers with
108 passengers, viz., 12 officers, 9G soldiers, belonging
to different corps, and 6 colonists.
The Phaeton steamer, which has been sent to Tunis
with despatch-_.s for Capt.. Le Ray, is expected every
moment.—Le Commerce.

BOURSE-PARIS, THURSDAY, SEPT. 30.

ir st

tligpeat Lowest

Price Pilce. Pric. Prier
erel di 5 pm' Contr. ex. div. 114 55 ... il4 65 ... 114 40 114 40

4 per Cents 417 Tel SJ7 VO sel
3 per Cent! 79 40 94) ... 711 35 '79 35
Rank of rrance
Latfitte I,,Nstt. St eras 11,27 50 _1027 50 —10:27 50 53
50e0f. Sbares 5075 ...5075 ...5075
Selgian !lank
i 3 per Cents
.71 00
.71.80 ...
.71. 7l 80

S per Cent!., 1840 1044 i ... 104% ... 104 1144 N
Spanish Active i2% 1.`27.
Passive 5 ••• ••• 514
Roman ..•• IC4 104 IC4 104

tfAILWAY SHARES.
It. I.,erm2lti
4:rasburKtnEalr.shares red 225 ... 236 21 ... 235 ... 236 f;'s

IVIONEY and COM•VIERCIAL NEWS.
(From The Sun of Saturday Evening.)
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, OCT. L —There has
been a steady and general demand for American Cotton
throughout the week, without any positive change in
prices, but with a firmer and less abundantly supplied
market. In Brazil, Surat, and Egyptian, considerable
business has been done at last quotations. Sea Islands
are without change. 3,000 American and- 300 Surat
have been taken on speculation ; 400 American, 600
Surat for emportation. There are announced for auction
on Friday next 600 white and 300 stained Sea Islands.
LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, OCT. I.—Very little
business doing, and no particular feature to notice :
Great North of England, 62 ; Liverpool and Manches-
ter, Half Shares, 94.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, OCT. I.—Our Markel
is steady, at yesterday's prices. Manchester and Leeds
rather in demand ; Hull and Selby, 394 ; Lancaster and
Preston, 27 ; Ditto, Three-Quarter Shares, 181,1- ; Man-
chester and Birmingham, 211 ; Manchester and Lon-
don, 56 37 ; Ditto, Halves, 23 231 ; Ditto, Quarters.
15s. prem. ; London and Birmingham, 158 ; Eastern
Counties, 7.1.
No later arrivals to-day from any quarter. The intel-
Lgence from the United States, brought by the Britannia
steam-ship, and published in this paper yesterday, caused
considerable sensation in the City, particularly amongst
the American merchants. The news, however, had but
little effect upon our funds, as Consols, which were 89i
buyers, left off at 89i sellers ; whilst on the other hand,
United States Bank Shares, which were on Thursday
quoted at 2/. 10s. per share, fell to 1/. 155., 1/. 17s. 6d.
Consols opened at 89/ for the Account,: and 88i 89
for Money; Exchequer Bills, 11 13 prem.
Spanish Active Stock continues firm at. 24 23 ;
Portuguese Five per Cents. are 304- 31 ; Ditto Three
per Cents. 181 19 ; Brazilian Bonds, 63 64 ex div.
PRICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, Sr.PT. 29.
3 per Cent. Consols
Three and Half Stock 97 ;Grand Canal Stock..-......
Ditto Reduced
Ditto New 1330......... 971 Ditto 4 per cent —
3/ per Cent. Deb 5......, 894 I Royal Canal Stock .-
The Hamburgh mail due yesterday has arrived. Ex-
change on London continues to advance.. Gold the same
as before.
The Continental Exchanges further improved yester-
day, particularly upon Hamburgh and Amsterdain.
The English Market has slightly improved since the
early part of the morning, although there is but little
business doing.
Consols, for Money, are now S9i, and for the Account,
8911; Exchequer Bills, 11 13 prem.
n the Foreign market there is also but little doing,
and the only alteration to notice is a decline in Spanish
Stock, which has been done during the morning at 23k,
and now quoted at 221 ; Colombian are .20} ; Mexican,
251 ; Portuguese Five per Cents., 31 ; Ditto Three per
Cents., 184 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 514
Very little doing in Shares. Bristol and Exeter, 28 4;
London and Brighton, 44,1 ; Great Western, 76 ; South
Western, 51.
Consols, Money, ; fir the Account, 89 ; No-
vember, 891 t ; gpanish, 221 23.
There has been a decided improvement in the produce
markets this week.
The American commercial news is not considered
very satisfactory. The advices of the 11th ult.,
from Montreal, state, in reference to the most
important of Canadian exports, Flour, that the stock
of line was small and very little in first hands—price de-
manded 37s 6,l—hut no sale yet reported at that figure.
The supplies from the Western States will hereafter be di-
verted to New York, and very little of the new crop
in Western Canada will. be manufactured for export.
the present season, the most of the wheat noW•diee.
posed of by •the fermers being bought on Montreal'.
account, and intended for shipment in the grain ;
and then remark of Ashes that the statement of the in-
spection stores to the close of the last month, exhibits
an increase of 881 bbls. of Pots, and a decrease of 1,668
bbls..of Pearls. The selling price of. the former 28s. a
28s. 6d., and the latter 295. 3d. a 295. 6d. The market
flat and little inquiry for either. Brandy has been •slow
of sale all the season ; the best brands of Outard, Dupey,
and Co., and Martell's, command over ss. 10d. in pipes,
and Os. in hhds. ; a rate which will not more than cow,
cost and charges. . .
CLOSING PRICES.
BRITISH FUNDS.
Bank Stock — 'lndia Stock • •••
3 per .Cent Red. — Ditto Bonds
3 per Cent Cons Ditto Old Annuities
3k per Cent Red — !Ditto New Annuities... 86&
New 31 per Cent 984 Ex. Bills, 1,000/....25d. 13 pm
New 5 per Cent Ditto 500/ l3 pm
Long Annuitiestoexpire • Ditto Small. ...14 pm
Jan. 1860 . Bank Stock for 0pg.... _
Oct 1859
Jan. 1860.
FOREIGN FUNDS.
Austrian, 5 per cent.... {Portuguese, 5 per cent.
Belgian, 5 per cent Ditto, New Ditto 3l¢
Brazilian 80nd5.... — !Prusaia.n, 5 per cent.
Buenos Ayres, 6 per cent Russian, 5 per cent
Chilian, 6 per cent — Ditto, Metallic
Colombian, 6 per cent... j Spanish, 5 per cent 23
Ditto, 1624 2Ol 'Ditto, Deferred ... •
Danish, 3 per cent — French, 5 per cent. —f. —O.
Greek, 1845, 5 per cent — 'Exchange
Mexican, 5 per cent.... 255 'French, 3 per cent —l. —c
Ditto, 6 per cent, 1525, Dutch, 2} per cent. ... 51i
Peruvian, 1825, 6 per et. 154 ' Ditto, 5 per cent
SHARES
Bristol and Exeter (00 paid) .
Great Western Railway (65 paid) 761
London and Brighton (50 paid) 41;4
London and Blackwall Railway (25 paid)... 94
London and South Western
Manchester and Leeds (70 paid)
Midland Counties Railway (100 paid) ...... 75
South Eastern and Dover (38 paid)... 13,4

.
A MOVE3IENT AGAINST THE COR.N•LAW is going on
" out of doors," which perhaps indicates a more deep-
rooted and general dislike to that law than all the osten-
tatious agitation of the summer. Meetings are recorded
in a great number of places, to petition the Queen against,
prorogation until the question of the day shall have been
fairly discussed in Parliament, Manchester bagan the
new movement a few weeks back, and it has increased in
strength from week to week. It differs in many essen-
tial circumstances from any previous agitation for the
same object : it is evoked tinder the auspices of no party
in power; it occurs on the very heels of a seeming defeat
at the General Election ; its immediate purpose is more
sure than ever of being frustrated• at once, for cart-loads
of. memorials'..to the Queen will, not prevent the new
Ministry from proroguing Parliament next week fff

Nevortheiess, the people. meet, 7-2rnori&i-s?,
with as much persLverance a: if tii, t c,atain ei
suc:_•e§s. That must mean so:nethiny. It probabl:f
means this, that the people are tired of peiitioning the
House of Commons; that they have lost Confidence in their
own House ; and so they appeal to the only other of the
Three Estates whose disposition towards them admits of
a hopeful construction : yet, as they cannot, and, ob-
viously do not, expect much practical result from that,
they are simply going through a form. When a people
consent quietly and uniformly to go through set forms, a
sort of moral drilling, it is certain that they must have
some very distinct and determined object in view. The
next popular step will be a matter of great interest to the
speculative politician : the statesman will be wise not to
neglect the present.—Spectator.
FALSE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.—In the course of
last week twenty-seven tradesmen, residing in the pa-
rishes of Fulham and Chelsea, were convicted by . the.
Magistrates of Kensington for cheating the public, and
chiefly the poorer classes, by means of false and fraudu-
lent weights, measures, and balances ; and on Saturday,
at the Mansion-house, Islington, seventeen offenders of
the same stamp were e:mvictecl of this heavy crime, It
is repeatedly denounced in Scripture, and declared to be
an abomination to the Almighty ; yet the penalties in-
flicted by the Magistrates (and some were for the second
offence) did not exceed 20s. each, with costs. If the
poor had any hand in making laws, or if the Bishops
performed their duty, would this " abomination to the
Lord " be treated as the most venial offence, while
petty thefts, committed often from want and starvation,
are punished with imprisonment or banishment ?
THE REV. R. S. BARTON.—The Lancaster Guardian
of Saturday published the remainder of the proceedings
in the case of the Rev. R. S. Barton. The result was,
that the Commissioners pronounced " That on the evi-
denee-there is not a prima facie case to institute further
proceedings."
. _ .

5511111"ARY
e,

AND

Vtib Itt iptiiton.

" Who runs may read."

FOREZG;T.

The negotiations for a commercial treaty between
France and Belgium have been broken off for the pre-
sent. The rock upon which they split was the iron
trade, for which M. Drouillard, the French representa-
tive of that interest, demanded the continuance of the old
protecting duties. W are glad to find the monopolists
attacked in-Most of .the leading journals. The Consti-
tutionnelsays—" The negotiations relative to the com-
mercial treaty with Belgium are suspended, perhaps
abandened. As the discussion went on, they
ceased to correspond in character with the
debut, and a host of conflicting interests threw obstacles
'in the way of the leading questions. • Several branches
of industry entered a sort of veto against- the propesed
reduction of duties upon' goods similar to those which
they Manufacture, and the iron-masters revived the old
arguments against-being tributary to foreign countries,
and being able, in-case of war, to supply ourselv,eN•-Bte.i
These persons. are alwnys putting forward the hypothesis
of war, In order that the country may not enjoy the ad.
vantages of peaCe, and that they may continue tticarry
on a monopoly, Which is sm onerous to consumers."
The Colu'rier Francais follows in the same strain :
"When we talk of a treaty with England, tEe iron-masters
put in their veto, and say, You are going to ruin our
establishments—where would you get your iron from
in the event of war ?' M. Drouillard uses the same ar-
gument against a commercial treaty with Belgium, and
talks of our becoming tributary for our instruments of
war to the high furnaces of foreign States. To this
eternal objection of the partisans of monopoly we reply,
that the annihilation of the ironworks of France would
not take place even if iron were to be admitted duty free
from Belgium, England, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia.
We do not, however,ask for the admission of foreign iron
duty free,wemerely ask for the modification of the existing
duty. The iron trade has slept, as it were,under the influence
of protecting laws. We do not wish suddenly to inter-
fere, and Barry perturbation into the iron-works of
France ; we repeat, that we ask only for a moderate and
gradual reduction of duty, so as to rouse the French
iron-masters to competition. The exorbitant privilege
enjoyed by the French iron-masters, without enriching
them, perhaps, has already cost 600 millions of francs
to the country. An end must be put to these sacri-
fices. The interest of the producer is certainly entitled
to consideration, but only when it does not place itself
in direct opposition th that of the consumer.
On the Paris Bourse on 'Thursday great excite-
ment was caused by the announcement of the
failure of a partner of one of the jobbers for a
sum of about 24,000/. sterling ; the transaction is
reported to be a very dishonest one. A series of such
tricks was expected. The guilty party decamped, and
is probably by this time in London.
PUBLIC OPINION.

The Morning Chronicle thus comments on a remark
let fall by the Duke of Wellington in the House of
Lords :—" The Duke of Wellington made this monstrous
assertion last night in the House of Lords: That dis-
tress prevailed in some parts of the country was a fact
which he deeply lamented, but there certainly was no dis-
tress arising from want of food Would the Duke of
'Wellington be a little more explicit, and inform us re-
specting the nature of the distress that does exist ? If it
be not from the want of food, what want causes it ?
Must we come to the plundering,- of bakers' shops and
butchers' stalls before the Duke will admit that the
people are distressed by the want of food ? Ah
if he had ever been in the condition of one
of the many adventurers who have come up to
London without a penny in their pockets, and halve
wandered in its streets wearied and hungry, he would
have understood the meaning of starving in the midst
of plenty, and might have been enabled to comprehend
that even in a country where millions of quarters of
wheat are pouring into the markets, there may be thou-
sands literally distressed from want of food, and as
badly off as if a grim famine desolated the land. No
wonder that after such a declaration we find the
Duke steatite that he - quite. willingly takes his
share of the responsibility of advising her Ma-
jesty to prorogue Parliament. With his cam-
paigning notions he cannot conceive of a deficiency
of food unless Mark-lane be closed, Smithfield barri-
cadoed, Covent-garden burned down, and people in thou-
sands parading the streets shouting Bread ! bread !' "
The Duke's bluff, decided remark that there is no dis-
tress arising from want of food, reminds us of his equally
dogmatic assertion in 1830, that the people did not want,
the Reform Bill, but were quite satisfied with the re-
presentation as it then existed. If the people be not
flistressed for want of food, what is it that they are dis-
tressed for ? Not for luxuries, surely, fur these are
things unknown to the vast bulk of the labouring classes;
and which, therefore, having never possessed, they can-
not miss. Alas, it is hunger—hunger in its severest
form—thatelistresses thbtn, and which will ere long en-
gender a fierce desperation that will make the Tories
rue the hour they ever treated their sufferings with in-
difference.
The Advertiser, in discussing the question of Tory re-
'action, makes the following remarks :—" It was the
gradual approximation of Whig policy to the Tory prin-
ciples of action, that brought Lord Melbourne's Govern-
ment into public disfavour, and ultithately drove them
from office. In this fact there is little for the Tories to
teiumph in. Had there been any re-action in the public
mit'd in favour of Toryism, or, as the phrase now goes,
in favour of _Conservatism, the Whig tenure of office
had be tome secure enough, seeing that the Whig Govern-
ment hart been gradually assimilating itself in its course
of action to the maxims of Conservative policy.
For some considerable time the Whig Cabinet had
been, to all intents and purposes, a Conservative
Cabinet. We speak not now of the bubble-budget,
because that carne too late to rescue them from their
perilous position—and the very fact of such a Cabinet
being broken up, by the almost universal judgment of
the public, affords demonstrative evidence that Con-
servative principles had been making no progress in
public favour. One of the great evils resulting from
this course of events is, as already intimated, to be found
in the apparent complacency with which the Tory party
is juSt.now almost universally regarded."—lt is not with
" complacency" that the Tory party are now regarded
by the people; but a lingering hope—which, by-the-bye,
lel flailing becoming fainterhas been for some weeks
.te itertained'that, profiting by past experience, they would
av did many of the errors into which, as Tories, they
use th be constantly falling,. and evince a disposition
for vigorous and beneficent legislation. But the hope is
idle ; :Tories they are still, and Tories they will remain,
to t. tie' end of the chapter.
, The !feral observes as follows on the recent news
- 1-otie America :—" The discussion in the House of As-
enitW4'il ,dubtless favourableto the continuance of peace
_ -but the refusal of Mr. Webster to join his colleagues in
le signing office under President Tyler is still more fe-
es, arable to that desirable object. Mr. 'Webster remains
iii poWer solely for the purpose of maintaining that •
, • of the relations between this country and the United
te, es, which he so well expressed in his instructions
to Mr. Crittenden, the late Attorney-General. . He
soul eiv*e no higher . proof of his patriotism than
g3reo doings, for . the Conduct of Mr. Tyler to his late
alinistration in reference to the Bank Bill amply pro-
vole ed the resignation of the entire Cabinet. 'While,
the n, there see ms no probability that the British Crown
wil be exempted from the indignity of being arraigned
for felony in'the person of its subject before a Court and
Jit y of tlie State of New York, we may feel secure that,
tivit itever be the result of that trial, Mr. McLeod will be
ran ded over to the British authorities uninjured in pee-
s, sre except by long and unjust incarceration in an Ame-
ri ca n prison."
'.llle Post 'puts forth the following observations on the
s • ebjeet of the political influence of the daily press :
" Half a dozen of the newspapers in London have more
e Feet upon the public mind, in regard to the most im-
p lrtant matters, than all the reviews in the world ; and
e, eel the speeches of public men make their impression
ra t ier through the criticisms of the daily journalists
of ces. them than by their. own direct influence. In
th is busy .age the mere circumstance of -their length,
in compare: on with the more swift and senten-
' notices of the journalists, causes even very hil-
beart; Lnt speeches to be less attended to than the ' lead-
e articles' at which the Quarterly writer so idly
sneer .s. This We say without being at all so proud of
Pews papers, or so convinced of their great utility as some
I ersi ors seem to be. It may be that the world
estel d get on quite as well if newspapers did not indulge
in constant criticism, and, consequently, in frequent 1
tn ism.,:esentation, concerning public • men and
public
iii eve:res. Perhaps,
if they merely told the news, es of ,
of and left political criticism to occasionaLpamPlilete:'
ed. to monthly or quarterly miscellanies, the public
political subjects._ But that
nigh t be more at peace, and be more accustomed to deli-
upoe pitblic.atfairstas be- ,
cioelriantat,. tbheo.ugihitzfi
julyn.ecsrsititceiisenni
~come by habit a necessary of life, and 'no set of men

rAristip
otti itaii'disctfar ;eroi,,

~,ncernecl, upon the most importar“,
too—as the writers in the daily Journals."
The Brighton Herald states, in reference to Lord
Shrewsbury's pamphlet on the Corn-laws—" We do not
and cannot grow ffiod enough for our own consumption.
A portion of it must be brought from abroad, or our
people ust perish. To laya tax, therefore, on this food
is cruel and mOst.anjuit. A wise Government, like that
of Rome, always endeavoured to make food cheap—.-to
keep,Mled, at all risks,' the bellies of the ne.ople ; fbr of
all rebellions, as Lord Bacon said, that of the belly is the
worst ;, but. the object of the isolated and haughty Bri-
tish Aristocracy is to make food dear, but for which, in
the•end, they will -have to pay."
The Bailin Evening Post says :—" The demand for
new taxes, whilst the manufacturers of Great Britain are
•vainly struggling-against foreign competition, and a
commercial system-founded upon monopoly, is, after all,
the only intelligible trrotle. of appealing to the Tory and
Lord-loving people- of England. As observed by Lord
Palmerston, in his masterly exposition of the past and
presentmonduct of the Tories, on Alonday night, the elec-
tors who had -borne them triumphantly into office will
now begin to -discover that they have paid much too
dearly for their whistle."

Tlie West Brityn.comments as follows on Sir Robert.
Peel's demand for time:—" lie must have time,—time to
render himself strong enough to turn round upon the
Richmonds, the Backinghams, the Knatchbulls, whose
support he has been compelled to court,—time to enable
him to throw them aside, which. he is well aware he must
do before he can enter with any hope of succcess upon
the revision of our commercial system,—time to enable
him to form a Government united in principle, instead
of the present heterogenous materials with which he is
surrounded."

Toe Leicester Mercury makes the following remark
on the present distresses of the people :—" The' repre-
sentatives of the people'—oh ! bitter irony !—are to
spend their days in partridge-shooting, and their' nights
in revelry ; while thousands of those for whose good
they are professedly elected, are wandering from sun-
rise to sun-set, vainly seeking food ; and lying down in
their miserable huts, to sleep, if they can sleep with
empty stomachs, and mind filled only with despair.
Like the moving deserts, which -gradually cover the
fertile land in their vicinity—ruin and desolation are
overwhelming cur commerce ; and where industry
flourishes, the silence of death reigns."