The Sun.
London, England, 1847-05-13 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY ETT NING
S 1:7

THE UNITED KINGDOM ARTESIAN
WATER COMPANY.
Capital 50'),0001., in 50,000 Shares of 10/. eaeh.
Deposits 7s. 6d. per Share.
Provislonally Registered, pursuant to 7th and Sth Victoria, chap.
110 , and Notices, Specifications, &c., for au Aci of Incorporation
served on the Woods, Forests, niid Land Revenues, pursuant to 9th
and 10th Victoria, chap. 106.

'T"E WELLINGTON SURTOUT
CAUTION.—The great success of tho Wellington Surtout
having caused several unprincipled persons (against two of whom
proceediflu have been commenced) to imitate this registered coat,
although in a material derogatory to lts reputation, all persons art
lie,eny warned that to make any garment (having sleeves) whether
worn by male or female, WITIIOI.TT SIIOI.I!.DER OR SLEEVE.
TOP SEA whatev..r may be Ls shape in other respects, is a
direct infringement of the patentees designs, and will in every case be
visited by an action at law.

Every genuine coat 11,5 a stamp bearing the royal ;trots, with a
number indicative of the size, also the name and address of the
patentee, JAMES FOUGERE, 6, CONDUIT-STREET, REGENT-
STREET, and 11, POULTRY, near the Mansion-House. LONDON,
to imitate which is felony.

EAST INDIA. HOUSE, MAT 12, 1647.
THE COURT OF DIRECTORS OF THE
EAST INDIA COMPANY do hereby give Notice,
That the RATE of INTEREST payable upon the Company's
Romig will be from 31. 10s. per cont. per annual to 4/. 10s. per cent.
per annum from and after THIS DAY.
JAMES C. MELVILLE, Secretary.

EAST INDIA HOUSE, May 12, 1847.
(SHE COURT of DIRECTORS of the EAST
1_ INDIA COMPANY, do hereby give Notice,
That a SPECIAL GENERAL COURT of the said COMPANY
will be held at their House in Leadenhall-street, on WEDNESDAY the
26th instant, at E'even o'clock in the Forenoon, at the desire of
nine Proprietors of East India Stock, as expressed in the following
Letter, viz. :
" To the Honourable the Chairman and the Directors of the East
India Company.
" Honourable Airs,—We, the undersigned Proprietors of East India
Stock, request that your Honourable Court will convene a Special
General Court of Proprietors, at the earliest convenient period, for
the purpose of taking into consideration the acknowledgment re-
turned by the Board of Commissioners for the Affairs of India, to the
Resolution passed by the Species Gene. al Court of Proprietors, hold
on the 25th March last, in order that the Court of Proprietors, hav-
ing due regard to the responsible trust vested in them by law, may
determine upon the course which it beconn them to adopt on this
extrardinary occasion.

" We have the honour to be, Honourable Sirs,
" Your most obedient servants,
" ARTHUR JAMES LEWIS.
"JOHN BRIOGS.
" JOHN POYNDEE.
" I. SULLIVAN.
" JOSEPH HUME.
" HOLT MACKENZIE.
" CHAS. FORBES.
" ROBERT J. BAGSHAW.
" CHAS. GRANT."
JAMES C. MELYILL, Secretary.

London, May 8, 1847.

BEERSELLERS' As NNIVERSAUY DINNER.
THE THIRTEENTH ANNIVERSARY
DINNER of the METROPOLITAN NEW PUBLICANS'
PROTECTION- SOCIETY, will take place at White Conduit Tavern,
Pentonville, on THURSDAY, August 5, 1847.
The ANNUAL STEAM-BOAT EXCURSION to the RIVER
MEDWAY, will tare place on TUESDAY, June 8, 1847.
Office, 51, Threadneedle-street.
J. BISHOP, Secretary.

Lp OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
L LECTURES in illustration or ANIMAL MECHANISM, 14y
T. Rymer Jones, Esq., F.R.S., Professor of Comparative Anatomy at
King's College, on Tuesday, Thursday, Lout Saturday, at Half-past
Three o'clock. On CHEMISTRY, on Monday, Wednesday, and
Friday Evenings, at Nine, by F. H. Holmes, Esq. On ARTIFICIAL
LIGHT, and the Agents employed in its production, by Dr. Bach-
honer. Experiments with ARMSTRONG'S HYDRO-ELECTRIC
MACHINE. The WORKING MODELS and MACHINERY ex-
plained. The varied Op, ieal Effects include, New DISSOLVING
VIEWS, the OXY-HYDROGEN MICROSCOPE, &c. EXPER:-
mENTs with the DIVER and DIVING-BELL, &c., &c. The
Eveying MUSIC, under the direction of Dr. Wain, commences at
Seven. o'clock.

Admission Is. Schools, half-price.

ExETER-H AL L. A LECTURE, on the
BOS,HEILAN RACE (Pigmies) of SOUTHERN AFRICA,
unquestionably the most extraordinary race of mankind, as well
physically as intellectually, will be DELIVERED on the EVeNING
of MONDAY, the 17th inst., at Eight P.M., by ROBERT KNOX,
r.R.s.E., Corresponding Member of the Academie Royale de Mede-
cine, and Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology.
This Lecture is particularly addressed to those interested In the
exciting events new going on in South-Eastern Africa, in the Kaffir
War, in the great question of race, and the probable extinction of the
Aboriginal raoee, the progress of the Anglo-African Empire, avid the
all-important questions of Christian mission, and human civilization
in that quarter of the globe. In illnstration of the Lecture, Dr.
Knox wilt introduce to the notice of the physiologist and man of
science Five Bosjiemans, or Hush people—two males, two females
and infant, the only specimens of this singular race of human beings
that ever visited Europe.
Admission : reserved seats and platform, ls. 6d. ; body of the hall
and west gallery, Is. Entrance to the platform and reserved seats
from the Strand; to the body of the hall and west gallery from
Exeter-street. Tickets may be had of Mr. Renshaw, Medical Book-
seller, 356, Strand ; the Medical Times Office, Essex-street ; and at
the usual places.

rHE MOST EXTRAORDINARY EXHIBI.-
11 of ABORIGIES EVER SEEN in EUROPE, landed
In Liverpool by the brig Fanny, Captain Wheeler, and will be
EXHIBITED, for the first time, at th• EGYPTIAN lIALL, Pie-
cudilly, early in the ensuing week.
SOUTH AFRICAN ABORIGINES—TWO MEN, TWO WOMEN,
and A BABY, of the IiOSJIEMAN or BITSII TEIBE, from the
interior of South Africa, a race that, from their wild habits, could

never before be induced to visit a place of civilization. This oppor-
tunity of gratifying the man of science and the student in zoology
has only been obtained by great personal exertion on the part of the
gentlemen who have brought them to England, at an immense outlay
of capital. On the passage to Europe a baby was born at sea, thus
adding to the great interest that must be excited by their appearance.
(From Moffatt, the Missionary's Work on Southern Africa, page 52.)
" Poor Bushman ! Thy hand has been against every one, and
every one's hand against thee. For generations past they have been
hunted like partridges in the mountains. Deprived of what nature
had made their own, they became desperate, wild, fierce, and indo-
mitable in their habits. Hunger compels them to feed upon every-
thing edible. Ixias, wild garlic, mvsembry antharnams, the core of
aloes, gum of acarias, aid other plants and berries, some of which
aro extremely unwholesome, constitute their fruits; whilst almost
every kind of living creature is eagerly devoured, lizards, locusts,
and grasshoppers not excepted. The poisonous as well as innoxious
serpents they roast and eat. They carefully extract their bags or
reservoirs of poison, with which they cover the points of their
arrows."

For particulars of tho habits and disposition of the Bosjiemans,
see Professor Leichtenstein's Barehells, Campbell, Baekhouse,
Methunes, and Moffatt's Travels in South Africa, and the works of
Dr. Knox, on the Variety of the Human Race.
Admission One Shilling, and iteserved Seats Two Shillings and
Sixpence.

THE COLLAPSIBLE SHOWER BATH, t
only real novelty of the season, by the aid of Vulcanised
India•rubber, only occupies (out of use) a space of 11 inches
diameter and 3 inches deep, while it holds three gallons of water.
It is thoroughly simple, and not likely to get out of order. Price 155.;
if packed complete in a japanned case, 12 Inches in diameter and
5 inches deep. 3s. 6d. extra. To be had of the proprietor and ma-
nufacturer, WILLIAM S. BURTON (late Rippon and Burton),
whose BATH SHOW ROOM contains, besides toilet sets japanned
in imitation of fancy woods, china, marbles, &c., in enormous va-
riety, all the requisites for the season, so arranged in one room, de-
voted exclusively to articles of that character, that patterns, sizes,
and sorts can be instantly selected, and at thirty per cent. under any
other house where attention is paid to the quality. Full-sized Port-
able Shower Baths, very strong and japanned, with curtains and
copper valve, Bs, each. Pillar Shower Baths, with copper conduct-
ing tubes, brass force-pump and top, complete with curtains and
japanned, from 60s. Hand Shower Baths, japanned, 3s. 6d. The
Omni-directive Bath Detailed catalogues, with engravings, as well
as of every ironmongery article, sent (per post) free.-39, Oxford-
street (corner of Newman-street). Established in Wells-street, 1820.

PEN CER'S CHINESE LIQUID HAIR DYE.
►/ The thousands of individuals who for upwards •f twenty
years have used this celebrated liquid, pronounce it to be the only
article extant which effectually changes, in a few minutes, red or
grey hair, whiskers, moustaches, &c., to a dark brown or black,
without trouble (by simply combing it through the hair), and pro-
duces by one application a pleasing and permanent change ; and it
can be incontestibly proved, that while many dyes tend to destroy
the hair by their pernicious properties and dangerous process of ap-
rlication, that this article promotes the growth of hair, nourishing
the roots till the latest period of life. Price 3s. 6c1., Gs., and 10s
per bottle.

To be had of the Proprietors, 29, Nottingham-place, Fieldgate
treet, Whiteehapel-road, London ; also of Mr. Johnstone, 68, Corn-
nth ; Butler, 4, Cheapeide ; Trout, 229, Strand ; Sanger, 150, Oxford-
itroet ; Barclay, Farringdon-street ; Atkinson, 24, Old Bond-
itreet ; Hoopor, 43, King William-street, London bridge; Finnigin,
Mibtem-street, Bath; Elmore, Bull-street, Birmingham; and of mos
Perinnera and Medicine Vendors in town and country. Sent to
.tny nart of the kingdom by receiving a remittance, post-paid.
Spencer
address
onC ot.h' Chinesee
wrapper. Liquid Hair Dye.'
bPseerree, tthoe"Pkroptribre;o'r,,

COMMITTEE OF THE NAVIGA-
TION LAWS.
On Tuesday the Select Committee appointed by the
House of Commons to inquire into the operation of the
navigation laws met. l'ne following Members were
present :—Mr. Milner Gibson (chairman), Mr. Liddell,
Admiral Dundas, Sir George Clerk, Mr. M‘Carthy,
Mr. Lyall, Sir R. Peel, Sir Howard Douglas, Mr.
Bright, Alderman Thompson, Mr. Ilume, Mr. Mitchell,
and Mr. Ricardo.
Mr. Liddell moved that Mr. George Frederick Young
be summoned to attend and give evidence before the
Committee on Thursday next.—A greed to.
Mr. Duncan Durbar was the first witness called and
examined.
By Mr. Liddell--I am chairman of the General Ship-
owners' Society, and I own several ships trading between
this country,lndia.China, Australia, and the Cape of Good
Hope. The average rate of freihts during the last five
years has been from the Cape, 31. 16s. 4d. per ton; from
Bombay, 21. 17s. 7d.; from Madras, 31. 45. 4d.; from
Singapore, 21. 19s. 10d.; from China, 41. 3s. 7d.; from
Sydney, Id. to Id. per lb. for wool; and for copper ore
from 70s. to 84s. per ton. A good ship cannot be built,
coppered, and rendered fit for sea in this country under
from 201. to 21/. per ton old measure. It requires the
strictest economy and care on the part of the British
shipowners to get a profit out of the freights they are in
the habit of receiving.
' Mr. Liddell—What is the effect you consider the
navigation laws have on the employment of British
shipping ?
Mr. Dunbar—l fancy that the navigation laws give no
protection in certain ports, especially in our own colo-
nies. They prevent foreigners from competing with
us. If foreigners were allowed to compete with us
in the carrying trade with the British possessions,
the effect would be ruinous to the British
shipowners. I consider that if the navigation
laws were repealed, the property of the ship-
owners in this country would be immediately depreciated
at least 35 per cent. in value ; and myself and many
others would consequently be driven out of the trade.
I believe that the repeal of the navigation laws would
not only be injurious to myself and the class with whom
I am connected, but that such a measure would operate
prejudicially on the interests of the people at large. It
would, for example, cause a vast number of the persons
who are at present engaged in sail-making, as ship.
wrights and the other artisans connected with the
shipping trade to be thrown out of employment ; and
~ven the sailors' wages, instead of being spent in this
country, would be, to a great extent, taken abrond, as
well as the money paid for freights. I believe that the
rope tl of those laws would have tie effect of •epreciating
the wealth and power of Englard, for, of curse, whatever
we lost in the shipping trade tortigners must gain. It
would be like a rich man taking a pour man into partner-

ship. lam of opinion that if the navigation laws were re-
pealed, the quantity and amount of British tonnage woisld
decline. I can show the effect of competition on British
shipping at Rio Janeiro. The port of Rio is open to
the ships of all countries. In 1846, 635 vessels, mea-
suring 142,000 tons, ent,red hat port with cargoes. Ot
that number 105 ere British ships. measuring 23,262
*tons; 158 were Awricans, measuring 38,400 tons; 1
Argentine; 74 Swedish, measuring 18,680 tons; :34
Austrian, measuring 10,131 tons; 14 Belgian, measur-
ing 3,654 tons; 36 Spanish, measuring 6,637 tons; 10
Bremen, measuring 2,290 tons; 1 Chilian, measuring 167
tons; 58 Danish, measuring 12,149 tons; 54 Sardinian,
measuring 8,628 tuns ; 3 Dutch, measuring 481 tons ;
23 French, 8 Norwegians, 1 Oldenburgh, 44 Portu-
guese, 4 Prussians, and 7 Russians. The whole of the
foreign ships measured upwards of 119,000 tons. During
the sumo period 630 vessels left Rio with cargoes, on:),
67 of which were British, 28 Austrian, 18 Belgian, 15
Bremen, 54 Danish, 2 Dutch, 22 French, 23 hamburg,
3 Lubeck, 12 Neapolitan, 6 Norwegian, 45 Portuguese,
4 Prussian, 6 Russian, 53 Sardinian, 17 Spanish, and 60
Swedish. If the navigation laws were repealed, British
ships would be as successfully competed with by
foreigners in our colonial trade as they are now
in the trade with Rio. The principal articles of
txport from Rio are sugar and coffee, and the chisf
articles of import are flour and wine the flour
is generally brought from the United States, and
the wine from Portugal. They are brought in vessels
that take in return cargoes. If we cannot compete with
foreigners at Rio now, we could not hope to compete
with them in our colonial trade, if the protection given
by the navigation laws was done away with. The Go
vernment requires us to take seven men and one boy for
ever 100 tons in convict ships, and five men and one boy
for every 100 tons in emigrant ships.
By Admiral Dundas—We calculate the tonnage by the
old measurement.
Admiral Dundas—What is your opinion with regard
to the general characters of the masters and mates in
the merchant service?

Mr. Dunbar—l think that they are a very respectable
body of men. I am of opinion it is desirable that masters
and mates should undergo a course of examination before
entering upon service in their respective capacities; but
I think it would be difficult to make a compulsory system.
The masters and mates I myself employ all undergo au
examination with the view of testing their ability iii
nautical affairs.

By Mr. Liddell—The average rate of wares given to
able-bodied seamen in vessels trading to the East Indies
is from 40s. to 455. per month, and the average rate
given to the same class of mon in ships trading to Canada
and the north cif Europe varies from 555. to 655. per
month. I have taken these as the average rates for the
last five years.

Mr. Ricardo—Can you state the rate of wages given
in any particular ship—say a ship of your own ?
Mr. Dunbar—Yes. My ship the Ramales sailed a few
weeks ago with passengers for Auckland. She is a ship of
635 tons according to the old measurement, and 740 tons
according to the new. The captain's wages (I am now
speaking from memory) are IN. per mouth ; but he has
perquisites, 5/. per month for finding extras for his
cabin, 2i per cent. on all the freight the ship earns,
and in case she carries passengers, as she did in this in
stance, he " finds" them, and allows the one-fourth o!'
the profit. The chief mate gets 6/. per month; the
second mate, 4/. 10s.; the third mate, 21. 15s. to 31.; the
steward, 2/. 1.55. to 31.; the carpenter, 5/. to 51. 10s.;
the boatswain, 3/.; the cook, 21. 15s. to 3/.; and the able
seamen have 2/. each. To navigate the Ratnalese there
are required, besi les the captain, three mates, six petty
offic,rs, twelve able seamen, eleven ordinary seamen, and
five apprentices, makiug a total of thirty-seven person..
I am perfectly satisfied with the ability and nautical
skill of the captain and the officers of the ship, and I
place every confidence in them.
By Mr. Liddell.—l think that the rates of wages
given to the officers and crew of the Ramales is as low
as they could possibly be placed at, consistently with
the position of the parties.
Admiral Dundas—l ask you, as a landsman, if you
were going to America, and had the choice of two ships,
differently officered, one by teen who had undergone an
examination by a board of nautical men, and the other
commanded by persons who had not undergone any
such course of examination—l ask you, which ship
would you prefer sailing in ?
Mr. Dunbar—lf I knew the owners I would as soon
sail in one as in the other.

Admiral Dundas—That is not an answer. As a
stranger to the owners, which ship would you choose
to sail in ?

Mr. Danbar—l should say that I would go on board
the vessel that was commanded by the officers whose
nautical knowledge had beets tested before the board.
By Alderman Thompson—l always make strict in
quiry with regard to the integrity and ability of masters
and mates betore I employ them.
By Mr. Liddell.—During the last twelve months the
lowest contract rate for taking out emigrants to our
colonies was 104 per head, and the highest rate was
under 141. per head.
By Admiral Dunda.a.—The Government require that
the officers employed in taking out emigrants or convicts
shall have passed an examination on nautical matters.
By Mr. Liddell—I very seldom send out my ships to
Australia with the expectation that they will get return
freights which will pay me. When they cannot get
freights at a remunerative rate I have always ordered
that they shall no on to India. I have known ships to
remain for three months, and even longer, at Sydney
before they could get freights. The freight for wool has
generally averaged from ld. to lhd. per lb.; but that is
by no means a remunerating rate per lb. would
be a remunerating freight • and if my captains cannot
get that rate they take the Lips on to India in search of
cargoes.
By Alderman Thompson—I have never heard of
foreign ships being preferred to British ships at Aus-
tralia, ralia,or at any of the other ports to which my vessels
trade.
By
I have
a been Nlr.Liddceoill—one
lihs and have heard of a few, very few, ships
sailing from Bremen and Hamburgh with emigrants
to the British
are by no means as well provisioned
ships. I was told that a British ship sailed from Frances
for Rio a few days ago. and that they had on board only
a little meal and barley to feed the crew and passengers.
Britishto l told thatem emigrant
theyrant
Mr. Ricardo—Do you know this ?
Mr. Dunbar—I was informed of it by the owner of the
vessel, who is in this room. She is a vessel of 250 tons,
av,nyid had 2UO
thameiciinmeieghraenstt,s oanndbooanrldy.
wiSthhethweassonrot not
opfrofvo.ioddi
haveßy
Mr. Liddell—alrea(ly
described,
rhot h
e Erme gurl aa tt oio nn Coomp
pma iasssein g ee
rr ss v
the provisioning of them. Under that scale the expense
of providing each of the emigrants with water, medical
comforts, and berths, amounts from 71. Bs. to 71. 12s.
per head. no
andae
made out a scale for

By Mr. Ricardo—I do not think that foreign ships
taking out emigrants to the British colonic* are obliged
to comply with the regulations of the Emigration Com-
missioners.

By Mr. Liddell--I do not believe that emigrants can
be conveyed from this country to Australia at a less ex-
pense than I have stated.
By Mr. Villiers—l send my ships from Australia on
to India in ballast, because I considered that lid. per
lb. freight for wool would not remunerate me for my
trouble and the outlay of my capital, but other parties
are found who bring home wool at that rate.
Mr. ltieurdo—l believe that shipowners are not in the
habit of doing anything without bring paid for it.
Mr. Dunbar—yes, indeed, they are. I believe that
the shipowners of England are the worst paid body in
the country, taking into consideration their risks and
expenses.—( laugh.)
By Sir G. Clez k— l'he ships I own range in burden
between 500 and 700 tons, and are a very valuable class
of ships. The reason why other shipowners bring
wool from Australia at lid. per lb. is often in conse-
quence of their not having capital to send on their ships
to India in search of a freight, and frequently beeau,e
the captains have orders not to go further than the port
to which the ship originally was outward bound with a
cargo. I certainly have found it more advantageous to
send my ships on to India than to let them bring home
wool from Australia at a lower rate than lid. per lb.
By Mr. Mitchell—Bringing home wool for lid. per lb.
freight would give some, but very small remuneration to
the ship owners.
By Mr. Lir'dell—One penny and one-eiehth per lb.
brought copper
for wool would amount to .5 1. per tnestsurement ton; and
then the expense of stowing, which is paid by the ship-
owner, amounts to 11. ss. per ton, which leaves only 31.
eere, there may have been
ship
owner; it would take nearlyb 50 per cent. more adequately
155., and that amount could notquraenmtiutyneorfatoe
reththathas
to pay him. My shipshave frequently
ore from Australia. I have never heard of any difficulty
in obtaining shipping there for exporting the produce of
ow e Yer,
unexpectedlyfrom tthb
some temporary difficulty In obtaining
* Ii
ships to export
it. I have never allowed my ships to wait in Australia
for cargoes. I have desired that they should leave for
been the c
discoveredo l ony•
India immediately, in case they did not get a certain
amount of freight. Messesel have brought over cop-
er ore for four gus ton but I
;
Pwithin a few raonths, three vessels to have brought ore
for 41. 12s. 6d. a ton. I presume the additional freight
was liven in consequence of the increased supply of ore
in the colony. b
5
Mr. Ricardo—You ring ore for four guineas per t(,n,
and yet you require 61. s. per ton for wool. How do
account for that ?
Mr. Dunbar—A ton of ore does not take up near half
the space that a ton of wool does. A ton of ore duos
not take up more than 17 square feet, whereas a tun of
wool takes up about 50 square feet.
Mr. Ricardo—How' do you make that out ?
Mr. Dunbar_You must know that there is a great
difference between a ton measurement in loading a ship,
and a ton weight ; a ton weight of wool would occupy
100 square feet. Wool is certainly a better cargo than
ore, because
it is lighter ; but the cargoes from Au's-
tralia are generally mixed.
By Alderman
1 hompson—l should not take an entire
cargo of copper ore-31. per ton for copper ore, and lid.
per lb. 0 f r wool, would give a fair remunerating freight.
By
Mr.
Ricardo—ln point of fact, you require 141. per
ton weight for wool. _
Mr. Dunbar—Certainly ; but—.
Mr. Ricardo—l only want yoyr own view of the
1 question.