The Sun.
London, England, 1847-02-24 00:00:00

WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 24, 1847.

MR. STRUTT'S BILL "FOR REGU-
LATING THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE COM-
MISSIONERS OF RAILWAYS, AND FOR
AMENDING THE LAW RELATING TO
R A IL WAYS."
1. Objects of the Act—(Preamble and Clause 1.)
Recapitulates the titles of the Acts 1 and 2 Vic. c. 98 ;
3 and 4 Vic., c. 97 ; 5 and 6 Vie., c. 55; 7 and 8 Vic.,
c. 85; 8 and 9 Vie., c. 20; 93; 9
and 10 Vic. c. 105;
and states that it is expedient to make further provision
for regulatim4 the proceedings of the Commissioners
appointed by the last named, and to amend certain de-
tails of the others. Accordingly, in Clause lit is
enacted that 9 and 10 Vic., c. 105, and the present Act
shall be construed together.
2. Interpretation—(Clause 2.) Declares to what ex-
tent of application words in the singular number and
masuline gender only shall be understood; and what
in-aping shall be attached to the words—" Persons,"
" Lands," " Month," " Oath," " County," " The Com-
missioners," " Railway,'' `• Railway Company," and
" Promoters of a Railway."
3. Short Title of the Act—(Clause 3.) This Act is
to be cited as " The Commissioners of Railways Act,
1847."

4. Surveying and other Proceedings by Railway Pro-
moters, preliminary to Application for 13i11-(Clauses 4
to 31.) 4. Promoters are to apply to the commissioners
for power to survey, at any time, iti the year ending on
the 3( to Ist of
Dee'.inlie r, preceding the year in which they
intend
give notice of application for their Bill in
compliance with the standing orders. 5. Notice of such
application is to be given ten clear days before in the
London Gazette, and some newspaper printed or circu-
lating in each county through which the railway is to
pass, specifying the course of the line, the termini, and
the towns through or near which it is to pass. 6.
The Commissioners, on being satisfied that due
notice has been given, and on the deposit of a
sum not exceeding 5001. for each mile as security
for expenses (or the giving of satisfactory security),
shall, by wtrrant under their seal, signed by ten of
their number, authorise the promoters to survey and
mark out the line; and may limit the time within which
this is to be done. 7. The money deposited is to be
paid into the Bank of England, and placed to " The ac-
count of the Commissioners of Railways, a parte the
promoters of Railway ;" and the cashier of
the bank, if required, is to give a receipt to the person
paying in the money. 8. The Commissioners may draw
chequens for payment of expenses incurred prior to the
passing or throwing out of the Bill. 9. The Bank of
England is to keep separate accounts, and certify
balances in respect of every deposit to the commissioners.
10 Not later than one month after the Bill has passed
or been thrown out, the commissioners are to pay over
the balance remaining, after expenses are paid, to the
promoters. 11. In event of irregularity or failure in
giving the notices prescribed in clause 4, the commis-
sioners may direct such notice .as they think fit, to be
given either before or after the 31st of December. 12. By
virtue of the warrant of the commissioners the promoters
may, before the expiry of the time limited, or if not limited,
before the 31st of March next after its date, enter
on the lands through the railway is to pass, survey, run
citiouo tt
the
more o r
occupyingi n jtuhruent rsenevste)en.n,
levels, fix posts or marks, dig, probe, and bore (but not
analtn3s4. nßeforecl)4t.leTs
sehnetythearanirneg they shall give
t wt
oomdaaryks 'o
nonceu
t the
line by a trench or furrow, not more than nine inches
wide, and to put up posts to show the levels. 15. Occu-
pying
uoor
mricoloasmvk.
ep e
:I:6ma. t
piAoennn ys
ahpt
aieosrns
bofen6ernobstructingut
shte bs occasionue rev
tenants may require the line to be marked out by
stakes, not more than thirty yards apart, instead of a
penalty of Si. for each offence. 17. The promoters are
survey. 18. Complaints of damage by survey, for which
presented bi
incurs
c tuhr
es
to
oar
the commissioners within three months after the making
of the survey. 19. The commissioners shall order pay-
ment of such compensation as shall seem to them just :
their decision to be final. 20. When the amount of cone-
pensatien awarded does not exceed the amount ten-
dered, and in some other eases, the commissioners may
order part of the expense of inquiry to be retained by
the promoters, out of the sum awarded. 21. Plans and
sections of the survey are to be lodged with the Commis-
sioners on or before the 15th of April first after the date
of the warrant, or on or before the fifteenth day after the
expiry cf the time limited for the survey. 22. After the
deposit of the plans and sections, the Commissioneramay
appoint one or more engineers (or other competent per-
suns) to inspect the line or any part of it ; the persons
thus appointed may give public notice of the time and
place where they will attend to receive information or
suggestions respecting the railway. 23. Special reports
of such inspections to be made to the Commissioners.
24. The Commissioners, after considering reports, may
authorise amendments and empower promoters to sur-
vey and mark out altered lines within a limited time.
25. Plans and sections of the line as intended to be ap-
plied for to Parliament to be lodged with the Com-
missioners on the 31st of July next before the session in
which application is to be made. 26. The Commissioners
are to certify that these provisions have been complied
with as soon after the lodging of the plans and sections
as they conveniently can. 27. The commissioners may
authorise the deposit of plans of a varied line proposed
to promoters by au owner, occupier, or other person in-
erested, 28. When application is to be made fur leave
to vary a line for which an Act has been obtained in the
preceding session, or for power to construct a railway
substantially the same as one applied for in the pre-
ceding session, the Commissioners may dispense with
the whole or part of these proceedings, and require any
others. 29. The Commissioners, on application are to
give promoters is certified copy of try certificate in-
dorsed on or annexed to plans and sections. 30. De-
posits of documents not to be made later than 6 P.M.
on the day fixed, or on the day preceding should it.
fall to be Sunday or Good Friday. 31. Railways, of
which plans and sections have been deposited and
certified, are to be advertised by the Commissieners in
the London Gazette not later than the 15th of October
each year.
5. Survey and Inspection
Examination of Pending Bills by Commissioners(Clauses 1
32 to 35).-32. When
the plans, &c., have been depo-
of Proposed Railways and
sited the Commissioners may name the line or any part
to be surveyed by themselves or some competent oaffio.f.
33. Speciffc objectians in writing to the whole or
part certo the
any railway may be submitted by any. parson
The Commissioners
re-
gulations as they shall appoint. 34. T
by themselves
may hear the objectors and the promoters .
uch regula-
Commissioners within such time and subject to such
or their officers in such manner arid under s
oses of surrey
tions as they may appoint. 35. F)r
liabilities as
have each powers, and be subject to
such
Viet , c. 105,
are given to er imposed on them by Act 10 .
or inspection, the Commissioners or thPeuirrPofficers are to
and have moreover power to possess.
PENDING BILLS (Clauses 36 to 38)._36. The Ccomtomrie.
sioners, at the commencement of each session,
port
pendingbefore
Parliament, and to suggest the groups 6. REPORT TO itE MADE 111 COMMISSIONERS O.sN
port to both Houses the railway Bills
in hich they
other
may most conveniently be considered, and any
matters tending to facilitate their due exam.ination.
all on
37. They shall also report to each House sp
em 11
the curves, the embankments, and cutti
every Bill :-the length of line, the gauge.
y of esti-
mate, bridges, the level crossings, the
suffienietincleans, the
mate, the engineering merits, the capital
ti
dissents, the
subscriptions and deposits, the assents and .
,e the tolls
tolls, fares, and charges, the Posteiffice servie!
on connected lines, the union with other undertakings,
ngst,htebegrtunnels,
In the case
and the general merits of the project.
of competing lines, the Commissioners
or more Bills in one report.
c LADING ORDERS
7. PROOF OP COMPLIANCE Wall oTA
I e of' Parliament
(Clauses 39 to 41).-39. e If either lolls-.
t ascertaining
assign to the Commissioners the duty
1., TT° se has been
whether the standing orders of such
-ries soon a
complied with," they shall, by thenase _vs
m3ayg.include two
make inquiry and report thereon. 40s.
shall make
duty is assigned to the Commissioners they
Copies of all
and publish the necessary.regulations.
receding session
such regulations made since the last.
Pone month after
shall be laid before both Houses withal
the meeting of Parliament.
or es 42 to 47).-42.
teeheysoon as this
8. OPENING OF RAILWAYS (~/.3119
_....c„,
c„ 55), (i.
e.,
f ntrol over
owers o CO
clauses 4,5, and 6), as confers p
Railway Committee of
the opening of railways on the
railway company
the Board of Trade. 43. Before
haanllygive at least thirty
Repeals so much of the Act of 5 and 6 Yr
open any part of their line they shall 4
Not earlier than
days' notice to the Commissioners.
days
to the Commis.
company shall give a further n
than ten days after) on
sioners, naming the day (not Liss than
After receiving the
which they propose to open.
s shall order the railway
second notice, the Commissioners
the
opening
as
to be inspected, and allliow d
not be lawful to open railways
twenty nor later than thirty after such notice the
they see fit. 46. It shied
tn.o,wanee
of the Commissioners.
before the inspection
hero! 11
ut' such notices or allowance any
47. For opening wit
pay forfeiture of 100/., and 201. ad-
ditional
AND CHARGES
EveryOF RAILWAY
company fosrheavlleo,claya the railway continues open with-
out allowance.
sTa)le.-les4Bof tolls, Sc to
. company
COMPANIES (Clauses
time to time to the Co
shall make returns
minis.
of.he eels, itc., they are authorised to take, and
sioners i
of those actually taken..
every station, under a penalty of 201., and
be set up et
day during h.
ea further for every..w ich the neglect 9. Toens,
con-
tinues. 50, Companie.sta.ree too.
public fifteen
the Commissioners
(Clauses4B
4t90.
thirty days' "tiee'and
theirfil3tl fifteen days' notice, of
fulls, esc,; and
their intentioe to alter if they alter
shall incur a
without such notice, they
penalty of 201.
for every increased toll so
taken. 51. Tolls may be re
duced in special cases without notice; but a report of
each reduction, and the reasons for not giving notice,
must be made to the Commissioners. 52. The Commis-
sioner:e ort once in every
ari. to r p year to Parliament
the tolls, B`'ee every company is entitled to take;
what it does take; and to note any alterations since
last report.
53, Commssioners are to direct the at-
tention of Parliament to all matters revising to tolls &c.,
which they think affect the public interest. 54. They
shall intimate in their annual reports, when the time for
receiving the tolls, &c., of any railway approaches, and
state whether any alteration ought to be made. 55.
They are to settle disputes as to tolls, &c., between rail-
way companies and the postmaster-general. 56. They
are to define what trains are "express trains" in the
sense of an Act which allows higher tolls, &c., to be
charged on them than on ordinary trains.
10. TIMES OF DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL OF RAIL-
WAY TRAINS.-(elauses 57 to 66.)-57. Cempinies are
to make returns of the arrivals and departures of all
their trains at all their statiorts within one week after
being required by the Commissioners, under penalty (for
every fat.t.re or fake return) of 201. 58. No alteration
in the times of arrival and departure of trains to be
made without sufficient notice to the Commissioners
and the public. 59. The time of such notice (except ill
'uecial cases illesved by the Cernmissioners) to be ,our-
,ern days, when the alteration is to take place on the
Ist day of a month ; one month when on any other
day. 60. The Commissioners are to require • a register

of times to b© kept by every company. 61. The com-
panies are to appoint an officer at every station to keep
such register. 62. The officer is to keep the register of
each week suspended at his station for public inspecti'n
for such period as the Commissioners shall direct. 63.
The officer at the end of each week is to transmit to the
Commissioners a copy of the register for as many pre-
ceding days as they shall direct, 64. The penalty for
neglecting to appoint a registrar of times is 201. for every
day the neglect shall continue. 65. Every company
shall pay a penalty of 101. for each default of every
registrar, and the officer himself a penalty of 51. 66.
The Commissioners shall report once every year to
Parliament on the punctuality (or want of it) of rail-
way companies, and on any matters connected therewith.
11. CHEAP TRAINS (Clauses 67 to 73).-67. The
Commissioners may limit the time of stoppage of cheap
trains and regulate the times of their arrival at termini
common to two or more railways. 68. Companies
failing to conform to the Commissioner' orders on
these matters to forfeit 201. for every day the de-
fault continues. 69. The Commissioners may fix the
number of passengers to be conveyed in every carriage
of a cheap train, and that number is to be mark( don
each in legible characters. 70. Every cheap train car-
riage to have a light fixed in every separate division,
between one liour after sunset and one hour before sun-
rise. 71. The regulations of cheap trains are to be hung
up at stations. 72. The penalty for contravening these
regulations respecting cheap trains is 201. for every
offence. 73. In computing the tolls, BSc., of cheap trains,
no fraction of a mile less than one-half is to be taken

into account, and for any greattr fraction nut more than
half the toll, &c., on a mile.
12.—CONVEYANCE OF NAVAL, MILITARY, AND POLICE
FORCES, STORES, AND AMMUNITION.—(CIauses 74 to

78.) 74. Repeals so much of the Acts 5 and 6 Viet.,
c. 55, and 7 and 8 Viet., c. 85. as relates to these mat-
ters. 75. On the production to the clerk at any station
of a route or order for march, transport, or removal of
stores, the following rates of charge to be made :—For
every commissioned officer two thirds of the fare
charged for the time being; for every sailor, soldier.
marine, private of militia, or police-constable,
or the wife, widow, or child of twelve years
of age or upwards of such, two•thirds, and for
every child, if three years and upwards and below
12, one-third of the cheap train fare, and no charge for
children under three years of age; for every ton of bag..
gage, stores, &c. (gunpowder excepted), twopence per
mile, the assistance of the military, &c.. being given in
loading or unloading; for gunpowder and other combus-
tible matters, such reasonable sum as shall be demanded
by the company, or approved of by the Commissioners.
Commissioned officers may travel by any train, in any
carriage they please, and shall be allowed the usual
quantity of luggage, not less than 1 cwt.; the privates,
&c., shall travel in cheap train carriages, secure from
the weather, and shall be allowed cwt. of luggage for
eve se,' grown person and child of 12 years or upwards,
and cwt. for every child of 3 years and upwards, and
under 12. 77. If the order bear that the troops or
stores are to be forwarded forthwith, a special train is
to be provided; if not, they are to go by the first or any
subsequent train in the option of the officer in command.
78. The penalty for non-compliance with these enact-
ments is 1001., and 1001. additional for every day the de-
fault is continued.
13. DISPUTES BETWEEN RAILWAY COMPANIES HAV
ING CONTERMINOUS LlNES—(Clauses 79 to 81.)-79.
Repeals so much of 5 and 6 Vic., c. 55, as relates to
these matters. 80. The Commissioners are to settle
disputes between companies having conterminous lines,
and to make such orders respecting the number of trains
to be run, their times, &c., as may conduce to the public
safety. 81. The penalty for contravention of their orders
is 20L for every day it is persisted in.
14. POWER OF COMMISSIONERS TO CALL FOR RETURNS
FROM RAILWAY COMPANIES—(CIauses 82 to 86.)-82.
Repeals as much of 3 and 4 Vic., c. 97, as relates to this
matter. 83. Repeals as much of 5 and 6 Vic., c. 55, as
relates to this matter. 84. Empowers the Commissioners
to call for returns from railway companies in relation to
fares, charges, receipts, and expenditure ; to numbers,
kinds, and salaries of officers ; to rules for the govern.
ment ; to accidents ; and to other matters connected
with accounts. management, and concerns of the com•
panies. 85. The Commissioners may cause the corn-
panics books, &c., to be inspected in order to test the
accuracy of returns. 86. The penalty for non-compliance
is 201. for each refusal or neglect, and 20/. per diem
during its continuance.
15. EXERCISE OF TUE COMMISSIONERS' POWERS OF
INSPECTION AND INQUIRY.—(Clauses 87 to 97.-
87. The Commissioners may make regulations to guide
themselves or officers in inspections and inquiries. 88.
The officers of Commissioners are to be conveyed on rail-
ways free of charge : the company refusing to carry an
officer to forfeit 20/. 89. The Commissioners em-
powered to summon witnesses. 90. The Commissioners
and their officers may administer oaths to witnesses, and
any person giving false evidence before them is liable to
the penalties of perjury. 91. The penalty for refusing
to produce documents called for by the Commissioners
is 20/. 92. Witnesses duly summoned and failing to ap-
pear to forfeit Si. 93. The Commissioners may direct
the reasonable expenses of witnesses on survey, inspec-
tion, or ii quiry to be paid by the pr..rnotcrs or pro-
prietors of the railway ; out of a deposit if such have
been made, or otherwise to be recovered, as after
provided. 94. The expenses of the Commissioners and
their efficers, or other persons employed by them, to be
paid by the promoters or proprietors of the railway ;
the debt to be considered due to the Crown, and

the Commissioners' certificate to be conclusive
evidence in all Courts. 95. " Inspector-general
of railways" in the Acts recited in the pre-
sent to be construed as meaning any inspecor.
96. The appointments, orders, &c., of the Commissioners.
are to be signed by their secretary, or some officer ap-
pointed by them, and thus signed, they are to be re.
neived in evidence in all eourts. 97. Orders, notices
&c., shall be deemed served on any railway company, it
delivered to the secretary, or any clerk, at one of their
offices, or put into the past-office addressed to the Com-
pany or their secretary, at one of their offices.
18. BTE-LAWS ON RAILWAY COMPANIES.—(CIauses
98 to 104.)-98. Repeals so much of 3 and 4 Vie., c. 97,
as relates to this matter. 99. Railway companies are
to send copies of their bye-laws to Commissioners when
required. 100. Failure to comply subjects to a penalty
of 201., and the like sum for every week that the default
is wilfully continued. 101. No new bye-laws, after the
passing of this Act, are to have force till allowed by the
Commissioners. 102. The Commissioners are to allow
or disallow bye-laws sent to them as soon as possible.
103. The allowance of bye-laws is to be testified under
hand and seal of the Commissioners; and all bye-laws so
allowed are to be binding on all persons, and received as
evidence in all courts. 104. The Commissioners may
disallow existing bye-laws,
17. PoLICE NEAR RAILWAYS DURING THE MAKING
TLIEREOF.—(CIauses 105 to 109).-105. Repeals as
much of 1 sod 2 Vic., c. 80, as relates to this matter.
106. The Commissioners, on the application of two jus-
tices, may order any company to pay the expenses of
the necessary police near the line while it is making.
107. Any two justices may appoint special constables (in
number not exceeding that mentioned in the Commis-
sioners' order) along the line, or within two miles of the
same. 108. Any two justices may dismiss such consta-
bles, and appoint others in their stead. 109. Every such
constable is to receive from the company such reasonable
salary as the justices may appoint, and the salary is to
recoverable by distress.
18. RECOVERY 07 FORFEITURES AND PENALTIES.—
(Clauses 110 to 118).-110. All penalties and forfeitures
made under this Act are to be sued for and recovered as
debts due to the Crown; and when incurred by more per-
sons than one each shall be deemed due from all and each
severally. 111. The penalties not being forfeitures to
the crown may be recovered by summary proceedings
before two justices in England and Ireland, and the
Sheriff in Scotland. 112. Prescribes the form of the
summary proceedings for recovery. 113. Immediately
on adjudication the amount of the penalty and costs is
to be Levi, d by distress and sale in England and Ireland,
by poinding and sale in Scotland. 114. When the ap-
plication of penalties is not otherwise provided for one-
half is to go to the informer, and one-half to the over-
seers of the parish poor. 115. The conviction is to be
drawn according to a form contained in a schedule ap-
pended to the Act. 116. Proceedings under this Act
are not to be quashed for want of form or removed by
certiorari or otherwise into any of the superior courts.
19—(Clause 117).--This Act may be amended or re
pealed this session.

'IABOLICAL ATTEMPT On Thursday night last
about nine o'clock, as the City watchman, along with the
private watchman, was examininglait,itt othe
kindling new school
rpe,re whichi ses
ii ns
enclosed,, lt n b nk -
round
ua cned, theyv,, ouabilodroolmthe where
coating
o atthliige privateo el
a v
watchman had been
iitnhwthherenietikeb.•
On taing out the ashes
hea
hfound o largeaanci
na
bottle
ece ofw clayas
ewe
nhei
ec
ahl
ehae,
tookl ro ni thetip fireplace,a hd
broke,
an earthenware ginger-beer
whichdiscovered
ii
tntdoeesl:is astonishment
pieces,hacl beena filled with gimpow-
atsheheacsohmmonly
dweirt.h 0
ulltadt
taking
g roan,eat
shortbal,e beentime
the spot. Who the perpetratormost
tlikely
leiewebrolt_tlef
man's life was, have killed him on
it otherwise than by supposinge iint tao kindled the fire
cannot b guessed ; but he cannot account for
would have exploded, and .
of the attempt on the poor
tht
some men employed about the building, whom he had s e
the means of detecting as having secreted lead for the' been
pur-
pose
of being taken away. It is to be hoped that the
perpe-
trator or perpetrators will be found out and punished, as such
conduct richly merits.— Glasgow Post.
THE RIVER PLATE.—FALMOUTH, FELL 21.—The
packet Peterel, Lieutenant Creser, has arrived here from Rio
de Janeiro, whence she sailed on the 12th ult.,
leaving
there
the British ships of war Curacoa, Talbot, and Crescent.
Exchange '2Bd. No freight, and not a syllable of news.
A man, condemned to death by the Court of
Assizes of the Ardeche' has petitioned the Minister ofJusticc
to permit hint to undergo his punishment by inhaling
ether, death by such means, he understands, being without
pain.
We regret to state that M. Gervase Parker Bushe,
attache to the British Embassy at Vienna, died in that capi-
tal on the sth instant of fever. He was only son of the late
Gervase Bustle, Esq., of Kilkenny, Ireland, and was a mem-
ber of the same famly to which the late Chief Justice Bushe
belonged.
OSWESTRY.—SHOCKING DEATH IN THE SNOW.--A
poor man, named William Miller, by
sunken fence, in trade a bell-han
Porger,k-
was yesterday morning discovered in a
ington Park ; his right leg was broken, and the features dis-
figured by vermin. He had not been seen since Monday
night, the Bth inst., and, as is supposed, had taken a near
cut across the park, and, in leaping the fence, broken his
lied through the inclemency of the weather.—
leg, and perished
Edilowes' Shrewsbury Journal.
JOINT•STOCR PROVISION COMPANY IN ELGIN.—
A proposal has been issued in Elgin for thethe establishmto be
ent of
a working-men's provision assoation, capital
1,000/., in
shares of 20s. By purchasing for cash in the
best markets, the promoters expect to supply meal, wheat,
bread, and groceries at lower than current prices. A baking
egablishment is included in the proposal. A public meet-
ing, held on Wednesday- week, appointed a committee to
draw up the basis of the society. Similar associations have
been successfully carried on in the south-western counties of
Scotland.—Ross-shire Advertiser.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

INTELLIGE
CHESTER. SPRIN(.
The Free Hand.
at. Ib.l
... 8 4
7 10
7 8
7 8
7 8

Eventr, aged
The Coadjutor, 4 yrs
Princess Alice, 4 vrs
Philip, aged ..
The Cure, 5 yrs ...
Ratcliffe, 6 yrs ...
Pic Nic, 5 yrs ... 7 1
Spithead, 4 yrs ... 6 1:3
June, 5 yrs 6 12
Sharston, 4 yrs ... 6 11
Emigrant, aged ... 6 101
Jolly Beggar, 6 yrs ... 6 10
Due an Dorris, 53 rs 6 10
Magnet, 5 yrs 6 101
The Lamb, 4 yrs ... 6 71
Kismet, 4 yrs ... 6 31
Nominations for till
Patriot, 6 vrs

ICE EXTRA.
L iiIEETING, 1847.
icap. 32 Subs.

Fair Rosamond, 6 yrs
Pie Nic, 5 yrs
The Roper's Daughter, aged

IPinkini,indne:3s, 4 yrs 5 I i
IF. IT Kremlin, 4 yrs 511
Golden Bee, 4 yrs ..•;i, 5 9
[Banana, 4 yrs ... 5 9
Brown Fly, 4 yrs ... 5 8
iDipthong, 3 yrs ... 5 6
Abcliel, 3 yrs ... 5 6
Cheapside, 3 yrs ... 5 6
The Premier, 3
.yrs ... 5 3
Urania, 4 yrs .., 5 0
Agne., 3 yrs „. ... 5 0
Infringe,. 3 yrs •.. 5 0
Lady Lurewell, 3 yrs 410
Tweed, 3 yrs ... 4 9
Tribute, 3 yrs ... 4 4
Yellow Rose, 3 yrs ... 4 4
A,t Corinthian Stakes.
1 Pantam, 5 yrs

- -
Rowland,
Naworth. aged
Ilookey, aged

THE LIEUTENANTS, RN.

(From the Devonport Independent.)
The followin; memorial to whic.i %re r,!err..d ti f.rt-
night sin;:e, has been prsented to the Flr.,t 14,rd of the
Admiralty. A deputation has waited on Lord Auck-
land and from the courtesy with %hi: h his Lorthhip
received them, and the attention paid to their represen-
tations, we are justified in hoping tit,tt rho cLin.s of this
class of officers will be duly consith-red by the
To the Right Hon. the Earl of Auckland, and the Lords
Commissione, sof the Admiralty.
The Memorial of the Lieutenants tf Her Majesty's Fleet

most humbly shaveth :
That your Memorialists have seen with much satisfac-
Lon, the promotion and retirement that has been granted
.o the senior Captains, Masters, and Paymasters, of her
Majesty's fleet, as it will be the means of rendering the
service more efficient, by bringing forward young active
officers, fitter to bear the fatigues and privations incident
to the service. _ _ _

That there are twelve hundred and fifty one of your
memorialists that have served with credit to thanselves
and benefit to their country, many of whom had the
honour to serve under the immortal Nelson, at the
battles of the " Nile," " Trafalgar," and other memorable
engagements through the whole of the French and
American wars at the termination of which they were
consigned to a life of inaction and pecuniary difficulties,
without a shadow of hope to br;ghten or relieve its
monotony, and this not arising from want of energy in
themselves, but purely from cireums!anees over which
they had no control, and were thus excluded from em-
ployment, promotion, or the means of benefiting their

That the peculiar position of your memorialists differ
from every other rank of officers in the service in conse-
quence of their number, two thousand four hundred and
forty eight, of which a very large majority cannot, from
their long standing, be employed otherwise than in com-
mand, or as first lieutenants, whic'i would exclude
younger and more efficient men, at the same time de-
prive the captains of their long established privilege of
selecting their first lieutenants—added to this there are
one hundred and ninety eight at the head of the list,
bearing rank as retired commanders of 1830, without
increase of pay or benefit accruing to their widows,
having the shadow without the substance—thereby pre
venting the junior officers receiving the increased half
pay, until age renders it of little value, from the short
period of enjoyment.
Your memorialists therefore humbly trust, that your
Lordship will be pleased to take a !avourable view of their
position, as well as of the justice of their claim and bene-
volently recommend the Government to extend to your
memorialists such retirement to themselves, with pen-
sions to their widows, in like proportion to iet granted
to the captains, masters, and paymasters of her Majesty's
fleet.

And your memorialists as in duty bound, will ever
pray.

DEFEAT OF THE DEER PRE-
SERVERS.—RIGHT TO DROVE ROADS IN
SCOTLAND.
A case was decided lately in the Court of Session
of great importance to the Highlands, and indeed to
the country at large, by which the right of the pub
lie to what are termed " drove roads" is established.
The case originated a few years ago in an attempt by
the Marquis of Breadalbane to abolish the long-used
cattle stance at • Inverveach, on the great drove road
through Argyllshire, with the view of more strictly
preserving his Lordship's deer forest in the Black
Mount. The attempt necessarily created a great sensa
tion, not only throughout the whole Highlands, but
among the graziers of the northern counties of England,
who are so muca interested in the cattle trade of the
north of Scotland. Public meetinga were held at vat ious
places, a deputation was appointed to corresvond with
the Noble Marquis and his news, with the
view to an amicable arrangement of the, mater, and
that failing a public subscription was raised to
try the question in the persons of the tenants at In,
verveach, on whose grounds the right of ntx
was first exercised. With the exception of Lord Ful-
lerton, who rather qualified the broad view taken by the
rest of the Bench, their Lordships unanintouly sus•
tained the right of the public to the roads in qin•stikli;
and Lord Jeffrey explained the ju,tice ot7 the principle
thus established in his usual felicitous st, le of Mastro..
tion. The cae may, n ) doubt, I e protrcted by appeal;
but, in the face of such an opinion us that (1. livered, we
can hardly suppose such a course will be adoptud.—
Ross-shire Advertiser.

FRENCH VINEGAR.
Upton upon-Severn, Feb. 22, /847.
Sirs,—We note that a paragraph has been going the round
of the papers, and among others was inserted in your publi-
cation, to the effect that 400 casks of French Vinegar had
been recently imported from France, being the largest im
portation yet brought from that country. In justice to our-
selves, we think it right to state, that since the reduction of
the duty in 1844, we have each year imported Wine Vinegar
of first quality from France to a greater extent. We inclose
you particulars of two several arrivals, which were, inde-
pendent of others, of less important extent. Your notice, and
that of other papers in which the before-named paragraph
appeared, will oblir
lour constant subscribers,

W. and J. KENT and SONS.
LThe paragraph was copied from a Morning Contemporary.
.ED. Sun.]

PROVISIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES.—The
Miltiades and Commerce, from New Orleans, and Lucia
Field, from Charleston, which were reported at Liverpool on
the 20th of February, bring 9,203 sacks of Indian corn, 349
barrels of flour, and 12,623 bushels of paddy.
THE TRUE CHARTER.—" Instead of discussions on
the ' five points of the charter,' if working men will but turn
their attention to the benefits connected with the cleanliness
of their immediate dwellings and courtways, the soundest
and best foundation will be laid for political rights, that of
moral respect."—Douglas Jerrold's Newspaper.
THE ROBBERY or DIAMONDS.—In our report of the
last examination of Kerr, upon the charge of stealing the
diamonds, Mr. Satchell was, erroneously mentioned as the
solicitor for the prisoner; Mr. Hobler is, and has been from
the first, engaged for the defence.
MILAN.—At the Scala the only two operas yet
given have been Attila and Prova d'ua Opera Seria, neither
of which has pleased very much. In the ballet we have bad
Fanny Elssler and the inimitable Perrot. The theatre is
crowded whenever they appear. At Gen-a, Mr. Jones, the
basso, has created a furore in Attila, which is the more flat-
tering to him, as the music generally does not please. Mr.
Leati, an Englishman, has made his first appearance at Pavia,
as Don Carlo, in Ernani, with the greatest possible success.

Ile has a magnificent baritone voice.
SOLAR SPOTS.—For a week past several groups
of solar spots, in different declinations, and successively va-
rying their appearance, have presented a singular aspect en
the sun's disc. Three of these now exhibit individual spots, on
their western sides, of between thirty-five and forty thousand
miles in diameter. Of these, the first, in about one degree of
south declination, resembles a large parallelogram, with its
long side westward, and nearly within ene digit of the sun's
western limb. The second, in about two degrees of north de-
clination, has its largest spot nearly round, which is followed,
at regular intervals, by two others, varying from two-thirds to
one-third of its size, this group being now about two digits
from the son's western limb. The third group, in the high
declination of four digits, north, has its largest spots, now also
nearly round, within two and a half digits of the sun's western
limb. The fourth group, composed of smaller spot, is nearl
on the sun's equator, and within three and a half digits of y his
western limb. Besides these now mentioned, one large spot
has just made its appearance on the sun's eastern limb, thus
showing us that the sun's inhabitants, whose existence is in-
ferred by analogy, are not deprived of the means of studying
astronomy, which can only be done by viewing the celestial
bodies through the clear sky afforded to them by means of
those solar spots, which often remain for four, five, or more
weeks, with little change, over the same opaque territories.
SociEns OF ARTS.—An interesting paper by M.
Claudet, on photography, was read at the meeting of this
society on Wednesday evening. It commenced by observing
that during the past two or three years the chemical part of
the process had made but little progress, no substance
having yet been found more sensitive to the light than
iodine, bromine, and chlorine. The optical arrangement
was then alluded to. Until the present time object glasses
of short focal length have been employed with a view of
operating more rapidly, but there is an objection to this.
The shorter the focal length the more the image is curved,
and the less it will coincide with the plane surface of the
plate upon which it is represented. Again, the angle formed
by the rays which converge towards the object glass is more
open as the focal length diminishes. It follows that objects
situated upon different planes in relation to the object glass
will be reflected of a size proportionate to the width of the
angle under which they are represented. Object gliasses,
therefore, of the greatest possible focal length onlygs iou i d
be used. The image obtained by the refracting camerais
inverted; it consequently becomes necessary to reinvest 9,e
image if a portrait, for several reasons. The line which
crosses the two eyes is nearly parallel with the line formed by
the mouth. The nose is not always straight; the hair is
not always parted equally, and the like. There are three
methods of reinvesting the image—the parallel mirror, the
speculum, and the prism. Of these the prism appears to be
the best. The image of the camera as seen upon the ground
glass generally appears to the eye more perfect than the re-
sulting photograph. The perception of an object by the
retina is instantaneous, but the action upon the daguerreo-
type plate is progressive. The strong lights operate first ;
then the half tints; and lastly, the shadows. By employing
screens, covered with black velvet, the strong horizontal
light is diminished, giving the reflected light time to operate
on the parts in shadow. By this means greater relief and
roundness of effect is obtained. M. Claudet concluded by
referring to some photographs on paper obtained by Mr.
Maskelyne, remarkable for the perfest delineation of foliage
which they presented. The iodide and bromide o
potassium,
the chloride of sodium, with nitrate of' andt gallic acid,
were used to produce them. The second communication
was by Mr. Jordan on mechanical carving.The subject
was Illustrated by many beautiful specimen 3, but owing to
the length of the first
paper, its consideration was postponed
till the hext meeting.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS, Feb. 23.

The LORD CriaNcELLox took his seat on the Woolsack at
Five o'clock.

DESTITUiE PERSONS (IRELAND) BILL.
The Marquis of LANSDOWNE moved the order of the
day for the third reading of the Destitute Persons (Ireland)
Bill. . . . .

Lord BROUGHAM said that be had already stated what
ho conceived would be the necessary consequences of this
measure. Among the other objections that might be urged to
this measure was, that there were
i three official bodies con-
stituted to carry out the details of t. The relief commission
was the one to which he wished to call the attention
of the House. There was no power given under. the
provisions of the Act to appoint one of the commissioners
a member of the committee. It only said that it should be
lawful for the Lord-Lieutenant to nominate certain parties. It
only gave power to the Lord-Lieutenant to specify by a general
or special order applicable to the case of the parties, but it
did not make it imperative upon him to say what the number
should be.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY complained of the
attacks which the Noble and Learned Lord who had just sat
down was in the habit of mtking against the Irish landlords,
for a more kind-hearted, more just, or more beneficient body
of individuals did not exist in the empire. Tl.eir gene-
rosity at the present emergency could not be described, and
he %vould not venture to assert that. the assistance they
had given had contributed couch to alleviate the calamity.
If the Noble and Learned Lord was E 0 adverse to persons
spending their money abroad, why did be no! carry out his own
argument and not spend his mo..ey in France.—( Hear, hear.)
Ile repeated that the Irish landlords sere a most beneficent
class of person!. He admitted that the want of resident
proprietors in Ireland caused much of the unhappiness in that
Country.- However, if Irish landlords were deprecated in the
way they had been, their tenants would become dissatisfied.
lit did consider that these measures might have been more
maturely weighed. By these frequent animadversions the
Irish tenants were taught to look unfavourably upon their
landlords. He comidered that the Noble Lord should not
have undertaken ,the Government without re-enacting the
Arms Reg,stration Act. At the present moment the pea-
santry were parading the country in large bodies with arms.
He was satisfied that they must now extend the poor-law
system to Ireland, for the guardians appointed under it were the
wisest and best protectors both of poverty and property. He
was obliged to the Howe for their attention to him on this
subject. It was one on which he felt very anxious, and he had
felt it his duty to state to the House his opinion that the
measure was one calculated to benefit Ireland.

Lord BROUGHAM begged leave to set the Noble Marquis
right. The Noble Marquis had totally mistaken him, if he
was under the impression that he had meant any attack upon
the Irish people, or to run down the Irish, be could
assure the Noble marquis that he had no objection to the
measure as applied to the Irish in particular. Ile should have
the same objection to the measure if it were applied to the
Irish or Scotch. His objection had nothing to do with any
national peculiarity ; what he was averse to was the
system. He had no doubt that many of the measures
adopted were very munificent charities; but his objection
applied to a great public measure. He bad no objection to
Ireland, although he had not resided there any more than he
had ever pursued the diversion of bear hunting on the Con-
tinent.—( Laughter.)
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY said that, although
he was not present, he understoood that the Noble Lord had
attacked the Irish landlords. He objected to their habits, of
horses, equipages, servants, and wine—(A laugh)—ard said
that they ought not to indulge in them. The Noble Lord
himself could go to France, and do as he pleased in
that respect, but there was no necessity for him to run down
the Irish proprietors.

Lord BROUGHAM could assure the Noble Marquis that
he never ran down an Irish proprietor any more than he ever
ran down--

( A voice from the Ministerial bench—" A bear.")
The Marquis of LANSDOWNE here made some observa-
tions, but in so low a tone of voice that they did not teach the
gallery.) With respect to the amendment that had been sug-
gested by his Noble Friend opposite, it was one to which no
very seeious objection could be advanced, and he intended to
introduce an amendment that would meet the views of the
Noble Lord. In reply to an observation of the Noble Lord
opposite, he wished to state that be would receive a report
from the Commissioners, to which he might refuse to accede.
Lord ELLENBOROUGH said he felt quite satisfied with
the Noble Lord's statement that he would introduce an
amendment.

The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said that there were
certain other amendments which it was intended to introduce.
The Noatat MARQUIS then proceeded to refer to amend.
ments which he proposed to insert in the Bill.
The Marquis of WESTMEATH said the late meeting of
Irish proprietors in Dublin proved that better feelings had
been generated among them, and that there was now greater
hope than ever for the improvement of Ireland. He regretted
that there was no provision in the Bill for the more effectual
collection of the poor rates.

Lord BEAUMONT said that he desired to take that oppor-
tunity of correcting a mistake which had appeared in a letter
of Mr. Commissioner Otway from Castlebar. He states that
a near connexion of mine, a Noble Lord who does not possess
a seat in this House, Lord Kilmaine, has not paid
the gt eater portion of his rates. He ( Lord Beaumont)
had received a letter from that Noble Lord, and he had also a
communication with his agent, and they had both assured hint
that that statement was totally incorrect ; that all the rates
had been paid, and that no portion of them were unpaid at
any time, as they were always paid upon application. He
thought, however, that he might be allowed to remark that
he did not wonder that these mistakes should occur from the
incorrect manner in which the collector's rate-books were kept.
He acknowledged that the Bill was a necessity of the moment;
hut he thought a great disadvantage would arise from the me-
thod in which one rate was made to clear another; for that
was really what would occur.—(Hear, hear.) - One rate
would not be half collected, before another was struck.
The system of levying the rates in England was much more
complete and rabid than it was in Ireland, in consequence of
the long notice required. The system, however, was produc-
tive of most injurious effects to those who did pay their rate,
while those who did not pay them escaped comparatively free.
If a retail trade had existed in Ireland, to distribute the im-
mense supply of provisions that had arrived in this country,
three-fourths sf the cuff-ring which had prevailed in that coon:
try would have been pzevented. -He' would just observe in
conclusion, that an extensive system of emigration must be re-
sorted to, if an improved system of cultivation of the land was
to be introduced. In England there were but three labourers
to the hundred acres; hut in Ireland there were eight; and
until this ,urplus population was removed, they could not hope
to e+tablish the prosperi,y of Ireland on a permanent footing.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY was abbot to address
the House, when
The LORD CHANCELLOR interrupted him, and said
that he had received a Coo: mission from her Majesty and the
House should stand prorogued during plea.ure.
ROYAL COMAIItiSION.
The LORD CHANCELLOR then retired, and in a few
minutes returned, accompanied by the Earl of Miuto and the
Earl of Shaftesbury, in their robes, as Lords Commissioners,
to give the Royal assent to several Bills.

The Usher of the Black Rod then summoned the Com-
mons, when the Royal assent was given in the usual form to
the Buck Wheat Importation Bill, the Brewing from Sugar
Bill, the Distillation from Sugar Bill, and the Chelsea Pen-
blotters' Bill.

DESTITUTE PERSONS (IRELAND) BILL.
On the motion of the Marquis of Lansdowne this Bill wt.
len read a third time and passed.
Their Lordships then adjourned.