The Sun.
London, England, 1841-02-12 00:00:00

labour, at different places and at different times,
and no one can by any possibility be a standard
measure of the value of all others. We know
that Governments have tried to make a standard.
They have enacted lie after lie on the sub-
ject, but they have not succeeded; and the
exchangeable value of all commodities, not
excluding gold and silver, has, at all times
been determined ultimately, and in the long
run, by the cost of their production, and
momentarily by the demand and the supply.
Now these elements, or standards, of all price or
value, viz. the demand and the supply, and the
cost of production, are not directly interfered with
by Government; they are always in existence,
always in operation, and will always determine
the price or value of all the things that are
bought or sold, including services, whether
Government meddle with metallic money or
paper money or not. It is, therefore, a per-
fectly idle chimera to suppose that if the
Government does not prescribe the amount of
silver which shall be given for an ounce of
gold, or the amount of bank notes which may
be put into circulation, that there will be no
standard of value amongst buyers and sellers,
and that all dealing will fall into confusion, or

come to an end.
We cannot examine in detail all the conclu-
sions come to by Mr. NORMAN, which we consider
erroneous; but his notion that bills of exchange
are not money, and bank promises to pay
are, seems to us so strange that we
must notice it. No doubt the two have some
different properties and different effects, but both
are instruments for exchanging commodities, and
both make metallic money unnecessary. Nor
does it appear to us to be of the least conse-
quence that these bills of exchange are drawn in
countries under different Governments. It does
not alter their nature whether the parties be John
Bull, Alexander Scott, and Patrick Murphy, or
John Bull, Hans Sachs, Jean Baptiste, Yankee
Doodle, and John Chinaman. They equally pay
debts and facilitate barter in London and Dublin, in
London and New York, and London and Canton.
We totally disagree with Mr. NORMAN, there-
fore, who looks on foreign bills of exchange in a
different light, and as having a different character
from domestic bills of exchange. Both, so far
as trade is concerned, are. alike ; and mankind
never will attain correct views of money till they
separate politics from trade, and allow each to
be regulated by its own principles. Mr. NOR-
MAN appears to us to confound the two, and
hence he commits, we think, so many mistakes
that we shall never take him for a guide.

We received, last night, Dutch Papers of the
10th instant. According to a letter from Berlin,
great activity prevailed in the Foreign-office.
Foreign messengers were constantly arriving and
departing. Five French and Austrian couriers
had arrived within a few days, and the War De-
partment was equally busy.. Accounts from all
parts of Germany advert to the immense quan-
tity of snow that had lately fallen there, burying
in some places whole Tillages. The rivers were
completely covered with ice.

DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTERDAM, Fen. 9.
Money. Bles.
tctual Debt, 2% per Cent
Ditto, ditto 5 per cent.
Amen Syndic, 4% per cent............ ...... •• 57
Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent. 70;11 71
Commercial Company, 4;4 per cent 154 1 ;514
Ditto (1635 and 1837) 5 per cent. ...... 9954 100
Loan 1637, 5 per cent. 91% 91%
Exchange on London, One month l2
Two months 90
Dutch Papers, Feb. 10.
BELGIAN I, UNDS—Baysszte, TEL 10.
Actual Debt, 254 per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent...••••••••••••••.•••• 117
Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per'Cent. ••••••••• 89
3 per Cent.
••
i
Loan of City, 1832, 4 per Cent............. f 0
Society of Commerce, 4Ni per Cent.•••••••••••. It 2
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent ..... ...••••••••••••• f 81i
National Society • .....».».«.»....».»....».«
Exchange on London (short)
—Brussels Papers, Feb. 10.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIenna, Fun, 1
Fire per Cents. Metalliques 106%
Four per Cents. 0»...».«.»««».».».».».«»..»..... P 9%
Three per Cents. •.....«».».«.«.»..«».«.«.«.»..... 60
Bank Shares •••••• • •• •••••••••••••••••• 1645
..Allgenseine g;i••
tung.. Pet. ••
HAMBURG BORSENHALLE, )rill. (1,
Bills. Money
Austrian 5 per Cent 5....»...«.».«.».».......... lO5
Bank Shares 1620 1610

Anglo-Russian Loan 106% 106%
Russian 5 per Cent. Ist series, Certificate
Inscription, Ist Series lO3
Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co. 3d and 4th
Series 00000000000000 11410.010.14100 00000000 N.. 96%
Ditto in Certificates
Dutch Actual Debt, 256 per Cent ...... ........
Ditto b per Cent........... ..... ...
Polish Bonds
New Picket
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent.........
Norwegian Loan, 1834, 4 per Cent.„. " lOl
Spanish. New 5 per Cents.... ....... ........ lB%
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, FEB. 6.
Bills. Money.
St. Schuld. Sch. 4% per cent. .............101 103%
Prussian Englis,h Loan, 1830, 4 per cent. 100% ICO%
Exchange on London, three months... 6 17% 6 17%
—Prussian Slate Gazelle, Feb. 7.

The Paris Opposition Journals of Thursday
persist in asserting that great division prevails in
the Cabinet, and that a dissolution of the
Ministry is becoming inevitable. The following
are the observations of the Courrier Francais
upon this subject :
The Ministry is in a stai4 of crisis. Some pretend
that Marshal Soult is tired of the partiality of M. Guisot
for Lord Palmerston ; others that the intractable charac.
ter of M. Huasann is the cause of all the evil. Whatever
the cause may be, the fact is certain; the Ministry is
divided, and going to pieces. The fall of the public funds
continues daily, the Chamber wavers, and abandons itself
to chance. Anarchy exists in all branches of power.
Let those wbo have brought on this situation try to cor-
rect it. M. Humann, it is said, is so frightened at his
own responsibility, that he opposes every measure, pro-
poses nothing, and when embarrassments increase, talks of
retiring. We can easily comprehend these endless hesi-
tations. They proceed from the character of this Minister.
M. Humane is one of those men who do not know either
bow to advance or to retreat, and who stumble in every si-
tuation. Every Ministerial combination in which he is ad-
mitted obtains thereby an element of dissolution. Nature
has endowed him with very little courage, and the habits
of his life have not prepared him for self.sacritice.
The state of our finances is critical enough for the
Ministry to be obliged to take its resolution without delay.
M. Humane must be replaced, or be must be forced to do
what circumstances demand of him. We should prefer
the latter. M. Humana entered of his own free will into
the Ministry; he accepted his share of the shame; so let
him drink the cup to the dregs. The Ministers of the
29th of October are united in the same responsibility; they
must all remain, or they must all fall together.

On the other hand the accredited organs of the
Government maintain that no Cabinet was ever
more united than the SouLT-GulzoT Ministry,
and that it has within it all the elements of sta-
bility and adhesion. For once we incline to the
belief that the Opposition Journals are right.
The French Government is at this moment
seriously embarrassed with the state of its foreign
relations. The great Powers have become alarmed
at the continuation of the armaments, and have
demanded explanations which M. GUIZOT has
neither the power to give nor to refuse. If the
armaments are abandoned the fortification of
the capital—the darling object of all Louis
PHILIPPE desires—must be abandoned, for, with
a return of popular confidence and calm re-
flection, will come the discovery that the forti-
fications are wanted not to repel a foreign enemy
but to coerce the spirit of democracy. Oa the
other hand, if the armaments are continued, and
the war frenzy stimulated during the period re-
quired for fortifying Paris, it is not unlikely that
the other Powers may be driven, in self-defence,
to form a coalition against France—a measure
which would greatly increase the evils arising
out of her present state of isolation. All this is
well known to the French Cabinet, and occa-
sions it the utmost perplexity. The KING and
the Ministry are for peace, but if they say so
they lose the walls. On the contrary, they can-
not continue the armaments without rendering it
impossible for Europe to trust to their power to
control the evil spirit which they are now evok-
ing. These embarrassments arise out of the sys-
tem of policy adopted at Court, and therefore
they cannot be got rid of by any change of per-
sons who agree to carry it out. Count MOLE
would just be as much hampered and perplexed
as Marshal SouLT or M. GuIZOT. The simple
and proper course for France would be to assent
frankly to the good faith which presided over the
execution of the Treaty of July, at once abandon
the walls and armaments, and assume her forme]
position in the councils of Europe.
The Chamber of Deputies was occupied on
Wednesday with the Customs' Bill. The clausL
for the
free importation of steam-engines was