The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-13 00:00:00

This day is published, in Svo., price 15s. boards.

11HE .14I.STORY GUERNSEY.
By JONATHAN DUNCAN, B.A.

This Work gives an account of the Laws, Institutions, Natu-
ral History, Commerce, and. Antiquities of the Island_ With
a mass of curious and instructive matter, alike valuable to the
Historical Student and the Tourist.

London : Longman, Brown, and Co. Guernsey : Henry
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This day, in 2 vorS. Bvo., embellished with characteristic Illus-
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THE VICTORIES OF THE BRITISH
ARMIES.
By W. H. MAXWELL, Esq.
Author of " Stories of Waterh,o," " Wild Sports of the West,"
" The Bivouac," &c.
" This narrative is rapid, striking, and picturesque, Mr.
Maxwell's own experience has acquainted him with the details
of the camp, the march, and the battle, as well as with the
imagery of war, and with the feelings of the soldier in the
various exciting situations into which he is constantly thrown."
Spectator.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street,
Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

This day is published, price 2d., stamped copies 3d., No. 1, o
a new Periodical to be published at intervals, entitled,
THE BREAD-EATERS' ADVOCATE,
and NATIONAL DAILY BREAD SOCIETY'S
JOURNAL.
By the Author of " Daily Bread."
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don ; Heyward, Manchester ; and sold by all Booksellers.

HUBER ON THE HONEY BEE.
In duodecimo, with Engravings, Price 6s. cloth,
OBSERV.ATIONS on the NATURAL
HISTORY OF THE HONEY BEE.

By FRANCIS HUBER.
A New Edition, with Memoir of the Author, Practical Ap-
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told by all other Booksellers.

Just published, the Seventh Edition, price 33. and sent free,
on receipt of a Post-office Order, for 3s. 6d.,
I/71ANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE-
MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for

ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those suf-
fering from the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habits, or Infection ; followed by Observations on the
TREATMENT of SYPHILIS, GONORRHEA, GLEET,
&c. Illustrated with Cases, &c.
By .1.. L. CURTIS and COMPANY,
Consulting Surgeons, London.
Published by the Authors, and sold lay itailiere, Medical ,
Bookseller to the Royal College of Surgeons, 219, Regent-
street; Strange. 21, Paternoster-row, London; Guest, Bir-
mingham ; Sowler, 4, St. Ann's-square, Manchester ' • Philip,
South Castle-street, Liverpool ; Machen and Co., 8, D'Olier-
street, Dublin; Duncan,ll4, High-street, Edinburgh; and to
be had of all Booksellers.
This Work, a Seventh Edition of which is now presented to
the public, ten thousand copies have been exhausted since its
first apper.rance, has been very much improved and enlarged
by the addition of a more extended and clear detail of general
principles, as also by the insertion of several new and highly in-
teresting cases. The book, as has been already stated, is the
result of very ample and daily increasing experience in a class
of diseases, which, for some unaccountable reason, have been
either altogether overlooked, or treated almost with indiffer-
ence, by the ordinary medical practitioner. The proverbial
a•Pd well known rapacity of unqualified practitioners, who
traffic on the health and credulity of patients, has been en-
couraged and aroused by this supineness, on the part of the
regular shrgeon. In order to obviate the pernicious effects
sure to result from the practices of such pretenders, the
authors have fur a considerable time devotes! themselves ex-
clusively to a certain class of diseases; of the necessity of so
doing, they were further convinced by feeling that tact in in-
vestigating the latent sources of many diseases, which arise
from certain secret praetices, can only be aequired by an ex-
clusive and undivided attention to this department of medical
practice. The numberless instances daily occurring, whersin
affections of the lungs, putting on all the outer appearances of
ehfi however, when traced to their source,consumptiom certain baneful practices, fully proves
are
that u
he found
principleto 'u
resulti
n he
the division of labour, is nowhere more
applicable than in medical practice. We feel no, hesitation in
otconsumption,
e is no member of society by whom the book
saying that there
whether such person hold.
will not be found useful,the relation
of a Parent. a Preceptor, or a Clergyman.
beholds his beloved child
The PARENT, who pining
away, and fast approaching to a premature grave, in -conse-
11'6, for want of careful investiom-
quence of some disease,
tion of its real cause, has 1
been set down to the score of con-
sumption, will, on perusing this work, be astonished to find,
that in nine-tenths of the e•
cases of young persons of both
sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary consumption,
heart disease, tapes, &c., the sole and exclusive origin has
been the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by
ect!.
youth much more frequently than it. is at all susper
holds (temporarily at
The PRECEPTOR, also, who
anent, will,
least), the relation and responsibility
of a 1,
by perusing and very much.
this work, be directe.
assisted in investigating and detecting the too often con-
cealed practices so often introduced into schools, whereby the
health and ultimately the lives of his pupils are sure to be coin-
promised, unless the evil be arrested in proper time. He will
here find a clue to guide him through the intricate mazes of
this moral labyrinth, and a standard whereby to judge, when
delicacy of health should appear to attack any of his young
charges, what the real causes of such attack may be, andthus
he will be enabled to check the evil in its incipient state.
The CLERGYMAN, in whose sacred character is at once
concentrated the two-fold relation of parent and instructor, will
here be directed as to the nature of those habits to which
youth is addicted ; he will also be enabled to point out the dis-
astrous consequences which are sure to follow from them if not
relinquished.
Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their
residence, No. 7, Frith-street, Soho-square, London.
Country Patients are requested to be as minnte as possible in
the detail of their cases—as to the duration of the complaint,
the symptoms, age, general habits of living, and occupation in
life of the party ; the communication must be accompanied by
the usual Consultation Fee of 11., without which no notice
whatever can be taken of their application ; and in all cases, the
most inviolable secrecy may be relied on.

CHRONICLE.—EarI de Grey and Lord Eliot are on
the point of departing for the Irish coast. Does Sir
Robert Peel still flatter himself that there are slot
breakers a-head? or does he trust that the skill of his
new pilot will save the ship from striking ? The storm,
as we said on Wednesday, is coming, ansi Lord Eliot NVill
not weather it.- The new Irish Secretary is a moderate
and impartial man, possessed of considerable ability ;
and his habits of business, so far as they are concerned,
eminently fit him for his new position. We repeat what:
we have already said, that the appointment was one es
little objectionable as Sir Robert Peel could have made.
But for this reason precisely Lord Eliot cannot keep .his
footing as • the Irish SeCretary of a Tory Administra-
tion. The Dublin Evening Mail is not the organ of
a few " ultra impracticables." It is not the Journal
of the " vagabonds," to borrow Sir Robert Peel's pithy
epithet, who-waved their Orange banner over the head
of the Earl; of Haddington, and who will wave it again
over the head of Earl De. Grey. The Mal is the ac-
credited organ of the " Protestants of Ireland." It has
more influence than all the other Orange :,ournals put
together. It is the organ of the parsons, the magistracy,
the landlords; representing the Boytons and O'Sulli-
vans, the' Nixons, the Rodens, and the Charlevilles. It
is identified with the- views, feelings, and proceedings of
the Right Hon. Frederick Shaw, the same who we observe
is now honoured with daily interviews by Sir Robert
Peel. By • the Thiblin Evening Mail, then, is Lord
Eliot • fiercely denounced to the Protestants of Ireland.
The Standard ' says Lord Eliot is denounced, be-
cause Sir Robert Peel S has not given places to a
'sufficient number of 'the leaders of the Irish Pro-
testants. Be it so. We are not disposed to question
the fact—certainly not when we have it upon such
authority. It is only- fair, however, that those who are
thus accused should be heardin their own defence. Lord
Eliot, says the Standard to the Protestants of Ireland—
short-1-E het is a marvellous p rop eas Min - to. discharge ties
functions of Irish Seer-._!tary. Take hint upon our assur-.
ante. " It is enoagh to know that he is candid, generous,
and clear-headed ; such a man will not fail to do justice
to Irish Protestants, if only they will do justice
to themselves, by trusting him, and respectfully acting by
his advice." Take Lord Eliot upon your a:surance ! re-
torts sthe Irish Protestant organ. 'We will ; but not
upon yoiw present assurance. Now you have a purpose
to serves, Now you are the abetter of Sir Robert Peel in'
his attempt " to sell" the Protestants of Ireland. You
charge us with " personal motives which imply., base-
ness. Were we inclined to retort, perhaps we might do
so effectually. It is not the honeit dog, which by night
barks at the stranger who approaches his master's house
with nothing in his hand to give, and fawns upon hint when
he comes with a sop." go ; if the Standard's character
of Lord Eliot is to be his passport to the Protestants of
Ireland, let ix be the character given when the motive of
the Standard was above suspicion. ,
TIMES.—In filling up the numerous offices which
usually become vacant upon a complete change of Mi-
nistry, Sir R. Peel has had the good fortune, not merely
tesoccasion no whisper of offence, either among friends
or foes, but to give a degree of general satisfaction,
rather uncommon, we should think, in his peculiar
circumstances. We say . this, • to the credit of all
parties, without exception. As •far as regards . the
Eight Honourable Baronet himself, the invidiousness
almost inseparable from the necessity of giving a pre-
ference where numerous claims appear to be
nearly equal has been successfully got rid of by
the perfect rectitude and single-mindedness which
have governed . him throughout ; while, with reference
to the immense body of able men from among whom
a selection was to be made, we give them no ordinary
praise when we say, that without the slightest dispa-
ragement having been felt by any one or them, their
competing pretensions have been placed at Sir Robert's
dispoSal with precisely the generous devotedness most
conducive to the public service, and least likely to em-
barrass him in completing his official arrangements.
Nor must we omit to acknowledge what is really due
to our political opponents. Powerless though they be,
for any effective resistance to the Conservative Premier,
the impotent and factious hostility with which their
loss of -office is so apt to engender against their
successors has, in the present case, been volun-
tarily restrained, or -very partially exhibited. Never,
perhaps, was less discontent shown on any similar Oc-
casion. The allegation that any particular office has
been filled up with an incompetent or unmeritorious per-
son has never once been made. To suppose that there
are no vindictive and rankling resentments among the
discarded Whigs were to expect too much from human
infirmity ; yet, though we are far from imputing to them
any watchful querulousness that might not equally have
attached to, their supplanters in similar circumstances,
not a public murmur have they ventured to utter. If a
Conservative Government must needs be- formed, the
universal conviction seems to be that the appointments
of Sir Robert Peel are, upon the whole, invulnerable.
POST.—Soirie observations which we made a few days
ago upon the unreasonableness of trying the
,corn-law
question upon merely mercantileprinciPles,haVe attracted
the critical attention of .more than one - of our Whig-
Radic7al Contemporaries. We should be happy to dis-
cuss the point with them if they would really discuss it ;
but we beg leave to demur to the convenience or conclu-
siveness of an answer which, when analsyed, amounts to
simple contradiction. For instance, when we say that
the principles of free trade, however valuable in their
own sphere, are not so valuable that higher considera-
tions than they involve should give way to them, we '
think it no fair answer to be told that free trade prin-
ciples are the paramount principles in the policy of
this nation. If they are, then they should give way
to nothing ' • but we deny that they are, and mere as-
sertion will not convince us that we are wrong. When
we advance reasons for thinking that in certain cases re-
straints upon trade are rendered necessary upon grounds'
of general policy, we deem it no satisfactory answer to
be peremptorily told that all restraint upon trade must
be injurious; and may be destructive. If it must be so,
why then we must be wrong ; but " must " goes for very
little with us, when unaccompanied by any reason. When
we say that reasons quite apart frolta mercantile consider-
ations—such as the employment of the people, security
for a future supply of food, and protection of capital em-
barked in other than purely mercantile speculations—
should influence the rulers of the State, we think it no
satisfactory answer to tell us that these which we have
; enumerated are mercantile considerations. If they be,
1 they are not reasons apart from mercantile considerations,
and we are wrong; but mere-assertion, as we said before,
will not convince us that we are wrong.
HERALD.—The more we reflect on the subject of
the Corn-laws the stronger do our objections become to
a fixed duty. In dear years it would be oppressive to
the poor; while in cheap years it would afford no protec-
tion to the agriculturist. We are firmly convinced that a
fixed duty of Bs. a quarter on wheat would be ruinous to
all gradations of the landed interest, and would equally
injure the prosperity of the lord of thousands of acres,
and the comfort of the hind; while the sudden change
froin the sliding scale to a permanent tax would in-
flict undreamt-of mischief on every branch of , trade
and commerce. Such an unexpected and unprepared-
for alteration would unhinge the business of every
merchant and petty chapman in the empire, and would
throw into confusion every class of the dealers in money.
The disadvantages of every sudden change are notorious
and palpable ; we demonstrate the necessity of their oc-
currence by the experience of the past. The majority
of us recollect the misery produced by even the cautious
and long-warned return to cash payments ; but the
effects of new regulations as to the supply of the
prime necessary of life must far exceed in magnitude, be
it for evil or Toed, a partial amendment of the mone-
tary system. 'While, then, the evils of a sudden al-
teration of these laws may be said to be ascertained, any
ultimate beneficial results to be derived therefrom can
only be tested by the change itself ; and, upon a mere
calculation of probabilities, the more rational course
appears I to be, that the acknowledged ills of
the fluctuating scale of duties should be attempted to be
mitigated, rather than that we should " fly to others that
we know not of." The Corn-laws are at all times a most
perplexing subject, because on them the public mind is,
nay, even the foremost of our statesmen are, only half
informed. It is impossible to read or listen to a discus-
sion on those laws in the most enlightened assembly
without at once perceiving that many important elements
relating thereto are omitted or unknown ; that the
speakers have no chance of arriving at a common con-
ch:l6Sn; because they do not start from the same pre-
mises and recognize the same facts ; that however
anxious they may be to get at the truth, their anxiety is
useless, because they have not agreed on what shall con-
stitute its standard.
ADVERTISEIL—When a nation is desirous of ef-
fecting some great change in the character of her poli-
tical or social condition, it is evident she is so near the
epoch of revolution that all that is necessary is to give
audible expression to her volition. If England be sincere
—and who can doubt it ?—in her protestations against
the Corn-laws, let her at once put forth a united fiat
from the lips of her millions, and their abolition is ac-
complished. Driven to .an extremity, it were absurd to
ectheir
speak of the power of any ministry against the force of
a wholetinthe
.. peeoo
people
ownle e.
theln
who have achieved any national change ; it is always
on
ul ti
Therem a t sl
arey periodsre c oi l recoils of e f
fwhen-
form nose their prescribed value, and look the inani-
ties they really are.
legislation.nsi
When we reflect on the present
distracted condition of this country, we confess, not-
withstanding the• fact of a Peel Cabinet, supported' as it
is by a landlord's Parliament, that we see in things the
signs of a speedy regeneration. In support of our view,
we deem it merely necessary to point to the state of the
manufacturing districts. Will the strength of any Go-
vernment enable it to stare the misery there confronting
it in the face,. and. persevere in measures tending to a
prolongation of that misery ? Is any one so deluded as
to think that the most strenuous efforts of Toryism—the
callous-hearted schemes of the Duke of Buckingham,
glozed over though they may be by the specious sophisin
of the grand conjuror Sir Robert Peel—will indeed be
able to stave off the demands of millions wild with all
o long ago a
. s thera n ks hatefulbeen
bSetnutar utnddye I :
the horrors of want and starvation ? Since the reign of
Charles the F
t first—sohe
a nasty— Have
Horrible subjection to the agricultural interest.
' GLOBE.—The Times takes twenty years as the pro-
bable duration of the Conservative Ministry, while ' we
should be sorry to give much more than twenty weeks'
•purchase. to the present holders of office for the whole of

StANDAIW.-s-Albeitslaslonnch eceustomed to any
coiiiihuiiitrirfanng with the Whiesißadicirlrpastsy,' we
must at the moment sympathise. with the resentment pro-
Velsed by Sir Robert Peel's taciturnity as to his proposed
financial arrangements. It would be the most convenient
thing in the world for, us, who must write upon some topic
six days of the, week, to have questions of so much interest
as the arrangement necessarily involves to pull to pieces
or to re- compose according to fancy, and to anticipate
their fate in Parliament. As it is, the' Whig-Radical
journals have a decided advantage over us : they have a
Ministry to abuse. For us, our game has been run downH
the slain vermin affords no more sport. "Execution has
been done upon Cawdor," and " we war not with the
dead." Doubtless we have before us those two pro-
mising topics, the Corn-laws and the wrongs of the
O'Connellites—topics that seem to be now as little
capable of exhaustion as they were 25 years ago,
when "Mr. Moore pleasantly and prophetically sung of
" Eternal Cern and Catholics ;" thus proving his double
title to the name of Vuts.. But the themes that never
end are not always the " themes that never tire." We
and our readers are threatened with enough of " Corn
and Catholics" for the rest of our lives, and we may all
like a little rest from them for the remaining five days
of the recess. We say that " Corn and Catholics" are
to haunt us for the rest of our lives, and we say it
upon the evidence of experience. Twelve years ago " the
Catholic question" was, we were told, set at rest for
ever, and here we have it at the end of the twelve
years as fresh and green as in its infancy at the end
of the last century. Mr. O'Connell would have a trope
upon the last epithet. We invite his attention to it.
If, then, the Catholic question has for twelve years sur-
vived the time when, if it had been a decent and reason-
able sort of Catholic question, it ought to have " parted
in peace," why may not the Corn question mani;estla
like perverse vivaciousness ? Analogy tells us that if the
Corn-laws were absolutely repealed in 1841, we must still
expect " a Corn question" in 1853 it may be in the
shape of a proposed penalty upon the growth of wheat, or
a bounty upon the import of foreign grain, or perhaps
a disfranchisement of the agricultural classes, for
which, indeed, their condition of universal pauperism,
after 12 years, or much less, of a free corn trade, will
afford a very sufficient reason. The corn question and
the Catholic question come of a family too long-lived for
any of the existing generation to hope to survive them—
they are the children of perverse rapacity and factious
discontent ; the parents are all but immortal, and it is to
be feared that such will prove the progeny.
COURlER.—Numerous and vast were the difficulties
which the overheated imagination of faction had con-
jured tip; as the unavoidable accompaniments of Sir
Robert Peel's accession to power.; but of all, the
chief and greatest was Ireland.. " What can
Sir Robert Peel do with Ireland" was the ques-
tion with which Whig-Radicals of every class de •
lighted to puzzle, if not affright their opponents.
" Displace the Whigs—rob Ireland of so precious a trea-
sure as she esteems the Whig Government to be, and
you will first agonise her with grief and then
convulse her 'with rebellion." Beware of Ireland, was
their constant cry; she requires a strictly impartial
Government," as the condition of her allegiance to the
British Crown—and that you, surrounded as you are
with red hot Orangemen, cannot offer or guarantee her.
Well, like all the other vast difficulties, that presented
by Ireland is no sooner approached than it is found to
have dwindled down into the merest insignificance ; Ire-
land presents to a Conservative Administration no
peculiar danger or difficulty whatever. Well, Ireland
shares the fate of the rest of the empire. Thursday last
saw the final extinction of her darling Whig Govern-
ment ; and yet as we learn from our Irish Contempora-
ries, she continues as geen and as gay and her people
as blithesome, and loyal as ever. The procession which con-
ducted EarlFortescue to the grave of his Vice-regal autho-
rity is described to us as a most melancholy one in every
sense of the term ; the mourners were lamentably few,
the mere hangers-on about Dublin CaStle, but their
grief was unaffectedly profound. No more job-appoint-
ments-is-no more showering of places of emolument and
trust on hungry-Whig Barristers, to the exclusion of the
worth and eminence of the profession—no more lip-
denunciation of repeal and soothing rewards for re-
pealers. Was not this sufficient to convulse Ireland
from the Giant's Causeway to Cape Clear ? and yet
despite all these incentives to grief and avenge-
ment she seems wonderfully placid and tranquil. One
thing we may, therefore, safely predicate—there will be
no rebellion in Ireland this time. A heavy blow and great
discouragement that to the prophets of the "Whig press,
RS to the leaders of the threatened opposition. Ireland,
it now appears certain, as far as the opponents of his
Government are concerned, has ceased to be a formidable
difficulty in Sir Robert Peel's path ; nay, their tone
has recently been greatly modified ; they no longer
speak of. his Government in the furious accents of de-
fiance—and such are his Irish- appointments, that even
Mr. O'Connell himself, with all his ingenuity and all
his unscrupulousness, can scarcely find cause to quarrel
with them. The moment we were assured of Earl de
Grey's appointment to the Viceroyship, and of Lord
Eliot's to the 'Secretaryship, the confidence we before
felt, that a Conservative Government had nothing to fear
as regarded Ireland, was strengthened into conviction.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF SATURDAY.

CHRONICLE.—The London weekly average price
of corn was fixed to-day at 765. 9d., being a decline of sd.
per quarter compared with the previous week ending the
31st ultimo. Some doubts are entertained whether the
averages for the next six weeks will reach 735. per quar-
ter, so as to admit foreign corn for home consumption at
the minimum duty of Is. ; but " the trade" are all eager
for, and many of them confident of, the event. The.
estimate trade, that further supplies to the extent of,
1,500,000 quarters of corn from abroad will yet fbe re-..
quired is strengthened by the opinions we have heard,,
to-day of the probable yield and quality of the present
harvest. The samples of the new wheats are of an in-
ferior colour, and of considerably less weight on an aver-
age than those of the crop of 1840. • The operation of
the system of averages mut now be generally well un-
derstood. It must be seen that they are the cause of
milieus fluctuations in prices—inherently gambling and
s euplariteive ofo
einfporciLiciple—and that they greatly enhance
the
g to-day
body,.from the
TIMES.—The metal brokers held a meetindisclaimingand yesterday for the purpose of disclaiming any impli-
cation
complaintthat
noticedm ig ht
thebe cast
otherond
tahye mu n as se
r this head, thata
the broker had been known to make large profits in ad-
dition to his brokerage, by the practice of concealing the
name of his principal. On their part, we are informed,
that they utterly repudiate the notion of concealing a
principal's name for the sake of increased profit, and
that if such occurrences have actually taken place in the
trade, they fully concur in stigmatizing them as wrong,
acted to re-
acts,, and to
ilowhiletildthielyavcea.neasbtutstriesgpTioeitonthaotn thae
lawchtosle body. The
of individuals
s
promptitudep udistinguishate
n.h altvwi theyiatth they vh
consideri
dhetern he stteoo parties
aer
itnei
e s p h
actseaeo individuals
r
f
from their practice as a body, is to be commended,
but at the same time it is to be regretted that the
practice of giving, " sold • to my principal," in any
branch of business instead of inserting the names of the
•should have
parties, gained ground. This is an usage,
and many honourable-, men .act 'under it as an -usage,
without entertaining the slightest notion of departing
from the legitimate business of a broker, and in some
instances it is only by the special consent of the teller
that it is adopted. But it is unfortunate that the habit of
concealment opens the way for an opportunity of fraud,
and when a system itself is vicious, -:if
any abuse should
take place under it, the parties who act by that system,
although they may not have perverted it to wrong
purpOSeS, will frequently find suspicion fall upon them.
A correspendent complains that our remarks on, this
Subject may even injure those brokers who insert the
names of their principals. This is an obvious ..mis-
take, for it is. impossible that a . statement of the evils
that arise from concealing the principal can in the
slightest degree affect those who act without conceal-
ment of any kind.
POST.—The advices we continue to receive of the
state of affairs in the manufacturing districts are far
from encouraging: - Several failures have again taken
place at Liverpool and Manchester, but, after the nume-
rous irregularities brought to light in connection with
the trading and banking operations o• f
that part of the
country, they have not excited anything. like the .sur-
prise they would formerly have done ; and yet the
amounts inv&sed are by no means insignificant. In

The Parliamentary debates during the past week have
been still on the taxing projects of the Government. A
Bill for revoking the decree of the 16th of January,
1837, whereby a bounty, or differential duty of 15 per
cent., was granted in favour of the national flag, occu-
pied three sessions, and its principle was admitted
after a very stormy debate on Saturday by a majority
of 36 votes, 74 members only being present. The Mer •
cantile Association of Lisbon presented a petition nume-
rously signed against this revocation, and a deputation
from this body waited upon the Opposition ; others of the
same tendency were sent from Oporto, Caminha, Fi-
guera, Lagos, and St. Übes, whilst one respectably,
though less numerously signed, praying for its annul-
ment, was. got up by some merchants of this city, and
also presented to the Legislative Assembly. To-day
will commence • its discussion by sections ; and it is
thought an amendment, proposed by M. Oliveira
Borges, to lower the rate of duty from 15 to 8 per cent.
is likely to be approved of, notwithstanding the known
objection. of Government to such a measure. Ministers
have presented a plan to the Cortes for the re-organiza-
tion of the National Guard, which is to be composed of
two divisions, active and stationary ; in the first, to
be enlisted, under a certain census or payment of taxes,
persons from the age of twenty to forty years, and the
second, of from forty to sixty. The officers are to be
chosen by the Government from among those who,
from the elections of their comrades may have a
superiority of votes. Upon some question arising. in
the Chambers
the
to the alarming increase of the
Guerillas in the Algarve, and their maintaining a serious
political character, lately augmented by Miguelite parti-
sans from Lisbon as well as Italy, the Ministers of War
and Foreign Atiairs, in admitting this fact, stated the want
of military force, and more especially the means for car•
rying on any further active operations. The latter Mi-
nister also mentiored, that the • Spanish Envoy at this
Court had made, by order of his Government, an offer
of troops' to co-operate for the extirpation of these ban-
dits, who infest both countries indiscriminately. Two
regiments, the 7th Infantry and 2d Cacadores, are about,
it is said, to march this garrison for the Alemtejo. A
few days since, two daring marauders, brothers, Antonio
de Mello and Joie de Mello, were mortally wounded in
an intrepid resistance in. Monte das Assumados against
a detachment of the Queen's troops.
Contrary to general expectation the Marquis de Sal-
danha will, in a very short time, proceed to Vienna as
Plenipotentiary to the Austrian Coart; The Noble Mar-
quis goes via Madrid, intrusted with a secret mission for
that Government, which, it is understood, is to endeavour
to prevail upon it to do away with the strong Spanish
Cordou so recently stationed on the frontiers to prevent
British goods being passed into Spain.
The launching of the line-of-battle ship Vasco da
Gama on the 2d instant, at which their Majesties and
Court attended, afforded an interesting spectacle. The
French war corvette Idianna and the British brig, Es-
poir came up, and anchored off the arsenal, in which
place, as well as on the river, thousands of individuals
assembled. The novelty of such, an event (not often oc-
curring in Lisbon), together with the anxiety of all classes
to render Alt to this new ocean child, produced a scene
which for brilliancy and effect is not often witnessed
here upon such occasions. Her Majesty the Queen'
.has
been graciously pleased to decorate Lieut. Poison, com-
manding the Espoir, with the order of Cavalleiro of the
Tower and Sword Loyalty and Merit ; and two Lieute-
nants of the French corvette Coquette, with the order of
Christ, for their efficient services rendered at_ the fire on
the 2d ult. at the Thesouro Velho.

On Monday last sentence of death was passed upon
the hideous assassin, Francisco de Mallas Lab°, who,
however, has yet two appeals, one to the Court of Ces-
sation (Relacao), the other to the Supreme Tribunal of
Justice ; his execution is therefore not likely to take
place for some time to come.
Exchange upon London at 30 days' sight, .53P. to
54d. per milrei.

THE FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE
NORTH UNION RAILWAY.
THE INQUEST.
On Thursday morning, at ten o'clock, a highly re-
spectable Jury met at the Railway Hotel, Euxton, to in-
quire touching the death of the Rev. Robert Ivy. Richard
Paltrier, Esq., of Preston, presided as Coroner.
The ReV. Giles Hoyle, Independent Minister, of
:StaYley-bridge, deposed that he knew
.the deceased. ' He
was an Independent Minister, and resided in Ducken-
Ile was about fifty-five years of age.
Robert Sergeant, labourer, of Euxton, deposed that
the was, employed on the railway. On Tuesday, at a
.littre,befOre one o'clock, he was going going to his work.
Jale was about 200 yards from the station at Euxton, on
the Preston side, when an engine, drawing a number
of empty waggons, passed by him towards the station,
and directly after he heard a tremendous smash. He
had not heard any whistle before he heard the
smash. Witness turned back to the station•house, and
when he got there he saw Thomas Nixon, the keeper
of the station, lying down against the wall on his side.
His foot was almost off. There was an old man,
named John Arnold, lying a few paces fram the station
door. Witness also saw two more people four or five
yards front him, and a woman much hurt near them.
He also saw a gentleman lying dead some distance front
the line. Witness also noticed the pieces of a coach—it
was smashed all to bits. He had not seen the coach be-
! fore. . Some of the fragments were in the middle of the
road, and part on the, pavement alongside. One horse
was in the road dead about ten yards from the station.
Another was lying a considerable distance further down
the line towards Wigan. The engine stopped opposite
to where the last hone laid. The engineer's name is
George Holland. When the engine passed witness it
was going at the rate of thirty miles an hour, the usual
speed. One of the horses was betwixt the two lines of
rails, and the other was fast upon a break on the Eux
ton side of the railway. Witness passed the gates about
four minutes before the accident ; he could not sax whe-
ther they were closed. He did not see any flag'flying,
or any person at the sation. The engine was travelling
',tender first. The engineer had a good deal of steam
up, and a considerable quantity issued from the chim-
ney. It was raining very hard, and the morning was
rather misty. When witness was at the gates he did not
see or hear any engine coming. They can generally
when on the line hear the engines when two or three
miles distant.
Mr. James Johnson deposed that he was agent to Mr.
Pearson, of the colliery at Snee. On Tth!sday, at a
little before one o'clock, witness was on the tender of the
Asa engine. There were seven empty waggons attached
' to the .engine. They, with the engine, were the pro-
perty of Messrs. Thomas Pearson and Co. Witness
acted as breaksman to the engine. They. were travelling
on the North Union line towards Wigah. When within
thirty or forty yards from the Euxton station7gates.
witness observed a grey horse with his 'fore-feet about
the middle of the two lines of rails. It appeared to
witness that the horse was floundering, as if it could not
get on. Witness could not see the coach on account of
the excavation. The engineer called out, " My God,
Johnson, here is the coach !" Witness put the break
on, and the engineer reversed the motion of the engine
instantly. His name is George Holland, Witness. was
greatly confused. He thought they would be all lost
together. He could not recoiled what 'occurred after-
', wards until the engine was stopped. lie is positive

TAMWORTII, EIGHT O'CLOCK, FRIDAY EVENING.
This evening a meeting of Sir Robert Peel's Election
Committee was held at the King's Arms Hotel, when
the following answer to the address from the electors of
Tamworth to the Right Hon. Sir R. Peel was read by
the Chairman, Thoniaa Bramall, Esq. :
" Whitehall, Sept. 9, 1841.
" Sir—l have had the honour of *eceiving the address
to which your name is attached, conveying to me on the
part of a very great majority of the electors of Tamworth
their cordial congratulations on my recent appointment
to the first office in her 11Iajesty's Government, and
the expression of their desire to renew their confidence
in me as their representative without requiring my per-
sonal attendance on the occasion of the approaching
election.

" I am exceedingly grateful for this mark of their kind
consideration. .

" My own private feeling would be gratified by the op-
portunity of appearing- in person to solicit the suffrages of
my late constituents, but as every moment of my time is oc-
cupied in the discharge of public duties, I will, under the
special circumstances of the present period, avail myself
of the discretionary power which the address enables
me to exercise, and placing my reliance on that confi-
dence and indulgence of which it is so decisive an indi-
cation, will venture to remain in London in the execu-
tion of the public trust assigned to me.—l have the ho-
nour to be, Sir, your faithful and obedient servant.

" ROBERT PEEL.

" To the Mayor of Tatnworth."

WOO LW IC H, FRIDAY.
ROYAL SAPPERS AND MINERS.

A few days ago, as the Royal Sappers and Miners
from Chatham were exercising with pontoons on the river
Medway, near Rochester-bridge, private Samuel Turner
accidentally fell overboard, and being unable to swim,
would have been inevitably drowned- had not private
Henry Entwisle of the same corps, at the peril of his
own life, plunged into the river to rescue him. From
the great force of the stream it was the surprise of all
present that both the men were not lost, but owing to
the intrepidity and courage of Entwisle, who was a good
swimmer, he managed to keep himself above water, and
to retain a firm hold of the drowning man until a boat
came to his aid and delivered both from their hazardous
situation. Such praiseworthy conduct should not pass
unrewarded by the Humane Society, instituted for the
purpose of compensating in some degree those indivi-
duals who risk their own lives to save their fellow-crea-
tures. In this case ~the corps to which Entwisle belongs
might very appropriately show him some mark of their
esteem by granting him some military reward as an en-
couragement to others under similar circumstances.
NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
The Monkey steam-vessel, Second Master W. Robarts,
left Woolwich on Tuesday for Sheerness, having on board
Captain Layton, Lieutenants Meheux and Goold, 1 ser-
geant, 2 corporals,-1 drummer, and 60 men of the Wool-
wich division of Royal Marines, where they joined the
Formidable, 84-guns, commissioned last week by Captain
Sir Thomas Troubridge.
The Avon steam-vessel, Lieutenant C. Jenkin, left
Woolwich to-day for Portsmouth with ordnance stores
and articles for barter with the natives of New Zealand.
The Avon, on her arrival at Portsmouth, will transfer
her cargo to the Tortoise, 18 guns, bound for Van Die-
man's Land and New Zealand.
The :Meteor steam-vessel,. Lieutenant Commander
John Waugh, with the crew of the Lightning, arrived at
Sheerness on Thursday, from Plymouth, and is under
orders to proceed to the North Sea. Mr. Matthew Conolly
is appointed Mate vice Buchanan promoted. -
The Falmouth' arrived on Tuesday from Plymouth,
and the Aid on the same day from Portsmouth and Ply-
mouth.

The Carron steam-vessel, Second Master E. C. Rutter,
is expected to leave Woolwich on Monday next for Ports-
mouth and Bermuda, Where she is to be borne as a tender
to the Illustrious, 72, fitting at Portsmouth for the flag-
ship' of Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Adam, K.C.B.
The lleroine.—Mr. li. Bateman has been appointed
clerk in charge to this vessel (his adpointment to the
Rhadamanthus having been cancelled). Mr. Stephen
Spain, Second Master, and Mr. C. K. Neverin, assistant-
surgeon, vice Laird, to the Illustrious.
The Rhadamanthus and Dee, fitting for the steam
troop ships, are ordered to be supplied with boats above
the paddle wheels, on Captain Georg., Smith's plan. This
excellent position for placing boats so as not to encumber
the vessels, has already been introduced in several em-
ployed in her Majesty's service.
APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS.-Mr. W. Hutton
and Mr. Frederick Dutton are appointed clerks in the
dockyard at Woolwich, and Mr. James Fowler is pro-
moted to an Inspector of Shipwrights, vice Freeman su-
perannuated.

SUICIDE AND DREADFUL LOSS

OF LIFE.

On Saturday morning, between the hours of one
and two o'clock, a fearful accident, attended with circum-
stances of an extraordinary nature, occurred on the river
near Southwark-bridge, by which four persons lost their
lives. It appears that the Orion, a large iron steamer
which runs between London and Ipswich, and the Pearl,
a Gravesend steamer, were moored near Southwark-
bridge yesterday evening, after discharging their pas-
sengers, and soon afterwards several persons be-
longing to both, vessels went ashore to spend the
evening at the George public-house, Bankside, and
play at skittles. They were accompanied by a
person named John Clementson, residing at No.
2, Eagle-street, Ipswich. who possesses an indepen-
dent income of about 20n/. a year, and was in the habit
of voyaging between London and Ipswich for the benefit
of his health. Clementson, who was the cause of the
loss of life which subsequently took place, appeared in a
very low and desponding state, and told his friends to
acquaint a female at Ipswich, when they returned, that
she would never sec Robert any more. At a later
hour he procured some laudanum, and swallowed a
small quantity of the drug, which his companions
prevented taking effect by giving him emetics, brandy,
and other liquids. At half-past one o'clock Clementson
and six others, four of whom belonged to the Pearl,
and two to the Orion, proceeded to Bankside stairs, op-
positee the Welch Trooper public-house, where the
Pearl's boat was lying, for the purpose of re.tuhrn,innsfietioi
their vessels. Clementson got into the boat whit! pushed
off, but they had not proceeded more than liOdoeiihl2er3a-aterdi;
before Clementson rose from his seaTtu,anetther
men
im.
jumped overboard into the water. I
mediately got up at once, and leantovelr:,etrhee boat,
the sudden lurch capsized it, and theythem
n
into the river. The tide carried towardspianettgrl.is;hoalti'nledt.
bridgel
Tiiep
(;)otih. struggles
shore fellows on ure
sativ short,
themare wn ads
tinedicy:o'b'nloat at the
could afford no assistance. T •
before any aid could be
stairs, and
Init Isahasontsotilnvee
nttiii:niettin afterwardsuntasenesdst
Theaen b
to
od
body
to
ha 9
etf
procured. u
lowered,red.
and the drags
Clementson was picked upoawait the
public -house_ Coroner's in-
pbeocrlies of the other unfortunate men have
in-
quest. sl et
.h Trooper
Their names are John Oxley and
and Robert Clarkson of
jnii"etsetbl)e'rliti‘n:,lnra.encriie)eill:od,af.tt‘l%l•aesPsenabrtlequently found bottom up-
twards off liorselydown

MORNING SUN. z‘,,,
---
COMMUNICATION BET WREN THE
RED SEA AND THE MEDITERP.A-_,E.-N-
-ACROSS THE ISTHMUS OF SUEZ.
The following article on the above subject from the
Revue des Deux Monde:, will be interesting to many
of our readers :
" The attention of Europe is now more than ever
interested in the means to be emploved to prccure a
rapid communication between the Red Sea and the
Mediterranean across the Isthmus of Suez. If a
canal navigable for steam-boats were to be cut across
the Isthmus the passage from Marseilles, or London to
Bombay, might be accomplished in from 36 to 45 days,
and if, instead of a canal railroad were established, the
voyage would be accomplished in as short a time, since
the time necessarily lost in transhiptnent would be
compensated by the rapidity of the passage across the
Isthmus. Unfortunately some. time will elapse before
the conflicting iutercsts which contend for the posses-
sion of this corner of the glebe, will permit the de-
cision of the question between these two :nodes of corn-
: munication, which would give such an impulse to the
commerce of the old Continent.
" Waiting this much-to-be-desired result, it may not
be uninteresting to take a review of what was done by
the ancients in regard to this communication, of which
they felt the great importance. Th It they have at dif-
ferent epochs attempted its execution .ca :not be denied,
for the testimonies of their historians would suffice to
'establish the fact even when all vestiges of what they
did accomplish have been destroyed. With regard,
however, to the result of their endeavours, opinions are
at variance . Some doubt that a regulAr communica-
tion by means of a navigable canal existed before the
Arabs, whilst others formally deny that the canal, which
was cut at different periods, was any other than a canal
for the purpose of irrigation.
" The isthmus which separates the two seas is not
more than 120,000 metres between Suez and the shore
to the north of Faramah, near the ancient Pelusia ; and
as the waters of the gulf rise about 5,000 metres on the
average, the minimum of distance between the two
extreme points is from 117,000 to 118,000 metres, or
about 26 leagues, of 2e to a degree.
" The soil of the isthmus is a little elevated above
the seas which border it ; and is distinguished from the
rest of Egypt by the absence of all verdure, habitations,
or spring water.
" This space of 26 leagues may be divided into three
different parts : the first is a sandy bank, which sepa-
rates the bottom of the Gulf from the basin which was
called by the ancients the " Bitter Lakes ;" the second
is formed by this basin, the depth of which is not less
than from 25 to 30 metres (about 90 feet English) and
the bottom of which is consequently much below the
level of the two seas on either side of the isthmus ; the
third part is a sandy Blain, which extends from the
upper extremity of this basin, which is now dry, and
which plain abuts on the Mediterranean.
" It is towards the extremity of the' Bitter Lakes'
that terminates a large val!ey bearing the names of
Tonrnilat and Sabah-Byar, which comes at a right angle
from the Delta, commencing near the ancient Pelusiac
branch. This valley, which has been cultivated from
time immemorial, and which is believed to be the Land
of Goshen,' inhabited by the Hebrews during their so-
journ in Egypt, receives the waters of the Nile by a
branch which opens near Bubastus.
" The junction betweea the Mediterranean and the
Red Sea may, therefore, be effected in two ways, either
directly from Suez to Peluses by a canal cut in the
mountainous ridge between Suez and the Bitter Lakes,
then by the basin of these lakes, and then by a second
canal from their extremity to the Mediterranean ;
or indirectly, by the assistants of the Nile, profiting by
the valley of Sabah-Byar and joining the extremity of
the Bitter Lakes' by a canal abutting on a point of the
Pelusiac branch or a little below the point of the Delta.
" It is the latter of these two plans that was adopted
by the ancients. They never thought of forming a
direct communication, which, however, would have been
the easiest, and which at least would have given them
a continuous navigation, whilst the course they pur-
sued gave them only a temporary navigation, depeudent
on the inundation of the river. They had, however, in
their opinions, excellent reasons for adopting the plan
they did, and which were as follow :
"In the first place there was a necessity for their
causing the Delta to profit by this grand communica-
tion, for one of the principal objects of the undertak-
ing was the exportation of its products to Arabia, and
it was therefore necessary to forma communication with
a branch of the nver.
" A second reason was the impossibility of estab!ish-
ing a durable port on the coast of Pelusia, an only on
account of the disposition of the coast, but becausa of
the existence of a coetenual current from we t to east
along the whole coast of Africa—a current which
brought with it the mud of the Nile, which would soon
cboke up any harbour formed to the eastward of the
mouths of that river. The existence of this Cu: rent is
one of the causes of the extreme slowness of the ad-
vancement of the Delta in the Mediterranean.
" The third reason which influenced the choice of
the ancients was the opinion that the level of the Red
Sea was higher than that of the Mediterranean. This
difference is now established by accurate observation
to be about feet. 'This difference is one of the
most singular facts which the physique of the
globe offers to our notice. The cause of it is not
yet known, but it has given rise to various sneee-
lations. Whatever may be the cause the fact is un-
doubted, and the communication betweea the two seas
is attended with inconveniences which doubtless were
not lost upon the ancients. The effect of such a dif-
ference in the level would cause a current which would
soon enlarge the canal, and, rushing with force towards
the Mediterranean, would rise its level, the first effect
of which would be the flooding of the lower parts of
the Delta."
[The author, going into a long detail of the various
proceedings of the ancients in the formation of the canal
of communication at different periods, concludes as
follows:-1
''The cane! thus formed remained choked up with
sand unt.l the conquest of Egypt, in the year 640 of our
era. The testimony of various Arab authors give
circumstantial details of the establishment of his
communication by order of Caliph Omar. The
canal was executed anew, from Fostbath (the
ancient Cairo), that is to say, the canal of Tra-
jan was resumed, which, according to Ptolemy,
commenced at Babylon. In less than a years, say
the authors, boats laden with grain arrived at Quol-
zoum, and carried abundance into the markets of
Mecca and Mediae. The canal was thus restored to
the original purpose to which it was devoted by Pto-
lemy-Philadelphe. The navigation was carried on
without interruption until the reign of Caliph Al-Man-
zor, who ordered it to be filled up in order to prevent
a supply of provisions being carried by it to Moham-
med-Beo-Abdoulab, who was in revolt against him (in
762 to 767). It bad thus only endured from 122 to
127 years, and was never afterwards restored.
" The question now is, whether it is possible to re-
sume the works of the ancients and the Arabs, and to
re-establish the navigation by the same means which
they had followed. There can be no doubt of it, since
the conditions are at present more favourable than they
formerly were, the waters of the Nile have risen con-
siderably since those days. It has been calculated by
very able engineers, that the outlay of from 24,000,000 f.
to 30,000,0001.. would effect the junction of the Red
Sea with the Nile, and at the same time with the Me-
diterranean, and this expense cannot be worthy a mo-
ment's consideration, when the magnitude of the end to
be attained is taken into account."

-- -----
II 0 P INTELLIGENCE.
CANTERBURY.—The wet during the last few days
has bad a slight effect on many grounds ; even the most ripe
promising are evidently not looking so healthy. '"
weather will no doubt recover them, and an average
crop will he grown. Picking has partially commeawlin
MAIDSTONE.—The late cold weather
_b_aosag
checked the bines, and increased the mould. I:ed escapen
the ravages of the mould picking
some grounds, which we fear will fall
shorthbourhood
estimate made a fortnight since. In theei
d shlyigshort.
of Aylesford the hops come down incredibly
winds we had on
WORCESTER, SEPT. 10.—The hi.
poles in the hop
Friday night had blown down
manyifiall the injury done
hal:o of the
yards that lay most exposed, buth we
anticipated. Pick-
ingis less extensive than we couldh.
Duty called 20,0004,
next most planters will have ai:3-s.week, and by Monday
has partially commenced this
Hop Fair is on Mon-
, which little business will be
but not much backed. The great
transacted.
day, the 20th instant, until

CULINARY DELICACLES OF THE THlR-
riecnoEr records
England
d severali
nthaeneli3etnht
—A book just printed by the Eox-
TEENTH CENTURY.
t,ins some very curious details of the style
ri:ja, is'saels
and 15th centuries :—" The distinguishing peculiarity
not only of England, but of European taste in food,
obfafumrlgii
illi,iiensCg,ltoctrobn, t
hfrce,iiinis ee:
during the middle ages, was a predilection for the strong,
and, in some cases, for coarse flavours. To what other
cause can we ascribe the appearance of the flesh of the
whale. grampus, porpoise, sea-calf, 'sea-wolf, and other
such fish, at the table of Sovereigns and people of rank,
by whom they were considered delicacies ? * * 4
Some notion may be formed of the quantity of
_ whale,,
in
&c., which was eaten in Europe •
the 13th century.
24
when we find Henry the Third, in Lent, 1
6, ordering
the Sheriff's of London to purchase for him,
in the City.
100 pieces of the best whale, and
ners and Household Expenses in flee 13th and 15th Cen-
turies.

THE HARVEST MOON.—About the time of
the autumnal equinox, when the moon is at or near the
full, she rises sooner after sunsetting than she does in
any other full-moon week in the year; and she, more-
over, rises almost at the same time for several nights to-
gether. These circumstances, with which farmers were
better acquainted than astronomers till within these few
years, were gratefully ascribed to the goodness of God;
conceiving that he had ordered it on purpose to give
them an immediate supply of moon-light after sunset,.
for their greater convenience in reaping and gathering:
in the fruits of the earth; accordingly they distinguish.
this full moon from all the others in the year, by calling
it the harvest moon.