The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1841.

of Committee of Spanish Bondholders, addressed to Sig.
Surra y Rull, Minister of Finance for Spain, dated 7th
August, 1841 ;

"It must be well known to his. Highness, as having
formerly served in Peru, and it cannot be hid from your
Excellency, that under the Government of Spain, which
through an especial tribunal supplied her colonies with
quicksilver at a low fixed price, the yearly coinage of
Mexico was about $30,000,000
New Granada 3,000,000
Peru, about 7,000,000
Chili, about

making, in all, say. ..543,000,000
to which adding, say 20,000,000

for silver produced in bars, but not coined, we
arrive at ... 163,000,000
of hard dollars. as the yearly produce of silver alone of
the Americas formerly Spanish, while quicksilver was
supplied at a cheap rate. From inquiries which I hare
made, I believe I do not exaggerate when I state that
the present monopoly of that sine qua non of amalgama-
tion has injured these young nations to the extent of at
least 20,000,000 dollars annually, depriving them, in the
same ratio, of the means of paying for the wines, brandy,
and paper of Catalonia, the wines and fruit of Andalucia,
the iron of Biscay, and the goods of British manufacture,
and inflicting a proportional injury on the currency of all
countries. I humbly submit to your Excellency that a
monopoly so injurious should not be continued."
In corroboration of the above we state that a gentle-
man intimately acquainted with the statistical affairs of
Mexico and South America, recently arrived in England
from that part of the world, assures us that thousands of
tons of silver dug out of the Mexican mines are thrown
aside, because they contain too little silver to admit of
profit when working them with quicksilver at its present
high price. Formerly, when it was at a moderate price,
viz., one-third of its present value, every pound of this
ore would have been worked to bring forth the silver
contained in it. The exports of quicksilver from London
and Liverpool to Mexico, Peru, &c., were, in the years
1837, 1838, of bottles 29,373 against 21,904 in the two
succeeding years 1839, 1840 ; these are the particulars—
Years 1837. 1838. 1839. 1840.
Bottles 14,800 14,573 10,811 11,093
If the supply were increased thirty per cent. above
that of the latter years, if 21,904 were augmented to
29,373, the supply would be brought up just to the level
of the former, and if with the increase of the supply the
price were lowered to the old standard of forty dollars
per quintal, what a prodigious difference it would snake
in the production of silver for the uses of the commer-
cial world. The labour bestowed in the production of
the ore has been expended, and it is ready to be con-
verted into bullion. There it lies a useless and offen-
sive mass, just us a Pennsylvanian farmer suffers heaps
of manure to accumulate from generation to generation,
when spreading in either case would increase production,
promote trade, and in the former case would relieve and
benefit the ole commercial world. " Money is like
muck, (says Lord Bacon), no good except it be spread."
Money hidden amidst thousands of tons of ore, raised
by great labour, because a rich monopolist must grow
richer, is to blast industry at its source, and mock the
institutions of society in the exercise of one of their most
important functions.
Our well-informed friend considers the estimate of
five millions sterling as the amount of the falling off in
the annual supply of silver, compared with the supply
when quicksilver was comparatively cheap, a moderate
estimate. What proportion of the seven or eight years
during which the Spanish contract has been in the pos-
session of the present possessor has been marked by the
high price of quicksilver, we do not exactly know ; but
the total deficiency in the supply of the precious metals
to Europe, caused by his inexorable interdict, cannot
be less than from twenty to thirty millions sterling.
Now we care not what a man's views or opinions con-
cerning money may be ; they may be as strict as Mr.
Hume's, as lax as Dr. Smith's, as inconsistent and con-
tradictory as Mr. Ricardo's, as antiquated and absurd as
Sir Robert Peel's ; yet, if he be a man of sense, we
would calmly ask him why he attaches so much import-
ance to the possession of one or two millions more or less
of bullion in the coffers of the Bank, and looks en with-
out concern at the master evil which puts it in the power
of avarice to keep twenty or thirty millions sterling from
the money-markets of the world, of which the Bank of
England is the centre ? How can he reconcile his mind
to a system which gives an individual foreigner residing
in the City of London, the power of raising the standard
of value when he can get 80,0001. a year by doing so ?
Is it or is it not placing the Royal prerogative of fixing
the measure of value in the hands of a speculative loan-
monger, making him, in the exercise of this delicate and
important prerogative, Monarch over her Majesty the
Queen ?
We have, as we think, laid bare one of the main
sources of the evils which now afflict the country ; it is
a forced contraction of the basis of the circulating me-
dium affecting all commercial credit in every country,
which causes low prices, stagnation, distrust, and dis-
content. It appears to us an immeasurably more potent
cause of mercantile disturbance and social derangement
than the Corn-law—defective as that law is admitted to
to be. We are, Sirs, obediently, H. B. & CO.
[So far as England is concerned this subject is of little
importance—our standard is gold, not silver. The
effect, if any, on our currency, will be to make silver
more valuable in relation to gold, and raise the currency
of the continent, which is silver, to a level in value with
our own. The other method, too, of extracting the ores
which are in use, besides amalgamating silver with mer-
cury, will be more extensively adopted if the price of
quicksilver be raised, and the object of the monopolist
will be defeated.]—En. Sun.

MISS COSTELLO'S NEW WORK.
Just ready, in 2 vols. Bro., with numerous Illustrations,
APILGRIMMAGE TO AUVERGNE,
FROM PICARDY TO LE VEL AY.
By MISS LOUISA STUART COSTELLO,
Author of " A Summer amongst the Bocages and the Vines,"&c.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street,
Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

MR. AINSWORTH'S NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE.
In 3 vela. post Bvo., illustrated with Twenty large Designs on
Steel, by Franklin,
OLD SAINT PAUL'S:
A TALE of the PLAGUE and the FIRE.
By W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq.
IS NOW READY.

" We prefer the two first volumes of Saint Paul's' to
any previous work of tkeir author. Treated as a Tale of ad-
venture these volumes have great merit. The reader who has
once opened them will hardly be disposed to lay them down
again.' —Athenaeum.
" We are glad to meet Mr. Ainsworth again in the region
of historical iorcance, a department of literature in which he
has distinguished himself above almost every author of
the day. A better subject than that which be has chosen for
his present volumes could not have teen selected. Many pas-
sages remind us of the simple pathos and truthfulness of De-
fog. "—Observer. _

Hugh Cunningham, St. Martin's-place, Trafalgar-square.

Now ready, in 2 vols. post Bvo., 21s. bound,
InADAME DE SEVIGNE,
AND HER CONTEMPORARIES.
Comprising
SKETCHES of above ONE HUNDRED of the MOST

EMINENT PERSONS of HER TIMES.

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MISS BURNEY'S DIARY.

Preparing for publication, uniformly with the Life of Sir
Walter Scott, in Monthly Volumes, the first of which will
appear January 1.
THE DIARY AND LETTERS OF
MADAME D'ARBLAY,
Author of " Evelina," " &c., &c.
Edited by HER NIECE.

" To have some account of my thoughts, actions, and ac-
quaintance ,when the hour arrives when time is more nimble
than memory, is the reason which induces me to keep a Jour-
nal—a Journal in which I shall confess every thought—shall
open my whole heart."
Such is the opening passage of Miss Burney's Diary. When
we call to mind the person who formed this resolution and ad-
hered to it during the whole of her long life, was one of the
most remarkable and justly celebrated women, not merely of
her own, but of any time or country—that her family position,
no less than her celebrity, commanded for her an intimate
intercourse with all who were illustrious in English Literature
and Art during their most illustrious era, the curiosity and
interest this work must excite, can scarcely be increased.
Yet it ought to be stated that shortly after the publicat ion
of her second work " Cecilia," Miss Burney w .s spontaneously
offered by Queen Charlotte a situation about her Majesty's
person which brought her into daily intercourse with every in-
dividual forming the Court of George the Third. During
this remarkable period of her life, Miss Burney never omitted,
before she retired to rest, to record in her journal the events and
conversations of the past day ; and this Private History of the
Court of George the Third during the period in question, will
form rart of the work now announced.
The Correspondence, which will form another portion of this
publication, and will take its place chronologically with the
Diary, will include, besides a large number of Madame
D'Arhlay's own Letters, a selection from these addressed to her
by the various distinguished literary and other persons with
whom she was intimate.

Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street,
Orders received by all Booksellers.

ais MAJESTY the EMPEROR o
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THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN.

UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS,

THIS EVENING, DEC.
Will be repeated Bellini's Opera of NORMA.—Pollio, Mr.
W. Harrison; Flavius, Mr. Clement White, Oroveso, Mr.
Leffler ; Adalgisa, Miss Rainforth ; Clotilda, Miss Grant ;
and Norma by Miss Adelaide Kemble.
After which, CHARLES THE TWELFTH.—CharIes
the Twelfth, Mr. W. Farren ; Adam Brock, Mr. Bartley ;
Eudiga, Madame Vestris.
Doors to to opened at half-past Six—the performances to
commence at Seven. Dress Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 6d.;
First and Second Circles, ss. ; Second Price, 25. 6d. ; Pit, 3a.;
Second Price. 2i. • Gallery, Is. Tickets and places for the
Boxes to be taken Of Mr. Grogan at the Box-office, from Ten
till Four, where Season Tickets may be bad upon application.
Private Boxes to be bad so'ely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller,
167. New Bond-street.

To-morrow, the New Comedy, entitled Court and City, with
United Service, and Wooden Leg.

POPULATION RETURNS.

We have had so many inquiries for The Sun,
containing an abstract of the Population Returns,
that we shall republish the tables, with consider-
able additions, on Saturday next, the 25th inst.

THE RAILWAY SUN
IS NOW RE-PUBLISHING,

PRICE SIXPENCE.

TIIE CHINA SUN,

AND THE
PARLIAMENTARY SUN
ARE STILL ON SALE,
PRICE SIXPENCE EACH.
Sun Office, Dec. 21, 1841.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
The letter from Mr. Baker would lead to a correspondence of
little interest to the public, and we must therefore decline to
publish it.

THE WEATHER..—NooN, DECEMBER 20.
ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET.
Thermometer... 32 Highest 33 Lowest 24
Barometer 29.41.—Wind N.E.—Freezing Point 22 Deg.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Morning 53 minutes after 6 I Evening l4 minutes after 7.

not on equally good authority, yet still ,
on authority worthy of credit, that the progress
of those manufactures in which England has
hitherto excelled is, in several parts of the Con.
tinent, very great—that we are already under-
sold in the foreign markets by Saxon hosiery.
and some Species of cotton; it appears likely
that we shall be still further undersold in the
foreign market, and that there will be still more
misery at home,unless some measures be adopted,
if possible, to put a stop to the decay of our ma-
nufactures, and the increase of poverty and want.
It is impossible to deny this condition of the
►manufacturing districts, so strongly attested,
and almost impossible, we fear, to doubt
that it Must become worse and worse, if
its cause be not removed. What then, is
the cause. It is happily within our power to
remove it. The minds of our people have not
been smitten with atrophy, nor have their hands
lost their cunning. The seasons have not been
much below the average fertility, and we every
day read proud vauntings of the wonderful im-
provement in the cultivation of the soil. The
land has not been desolated by earthquakes, vol-
canoes, nor very serious inundations. We possess,
in the vast knowledge and skill of our people,
the elements of unbounded wealth.

Some silly persons, the Premier amongst them,
say that evils which have been increasing for
years, as our columns testify, are caused by the
contemptible haste of a few joint-stock banks to
get rich, and their failure—a cause as inadequate
to account for the effects as the firing of the guns
at the fortress of St. Elmo for the bursting forth of
a desolating stream of lava from the sides of Vesu-
vius. Others, more silly still, say the misery
arises from too much wealth. They will have it
that our people are impoverished because they
have produced too much. If these are not arrant
fools, they are arrant knaves.

The cause is not single, further than it may be
expressed by one phrase—unjust legislation, of
which the foremost and most afflicting specimens
are the Corn and Provision-laws. There is great
distress in the land, and there is also, co-existing
with that, a large series of unjust laws, restrict-
ing trade, and taking away the property of the
suffering classes to enrich the law-makers and
their immediate dependents and friends. The co-
existence cannot be denied, nor can it be denied
that these laws are sufficient to account for the
existing evils. We hold it to be trifling wantonly
with important and solemn matters to divert
attention, by side-wind inquiries, from this most
plain and certain connection. The manufacturers
at all the three meetings, they being some of the
most intelligent men in the country, were una-
nimously of opinion that the Corn and Provision-
laws were the main cause of the distress.

How can we remove the cause ? The Tory
Journals make light of the distress, and scoff, in
an unseemly manner, at the manufacturers and
Ministers who have brought the distress to public
notice. They do but give utterance, we are
afraid, to the sentiments of the party in power,
and the manufacturers, it appears, are to be de-
nied relief, and treated as rebels if they utter the
just language of indignation. One Tory Journal
brands them day after day as men who deal in
falsehood, another as prompters to sedition, and
a third says the country can spare them. If the
manufacturers expect relief or compassion from
those who thus habitually traduce them, they
are weak and contemptible, and not the hard-
headed andstrong- minded men we take them to be.
An aristocracy or a Government acts on sys-
tem or rule ; it has no feelings, no sense of justice
or of honour; and all history is a lie if such a
body have ever done justice to the people,except
on compulsion. Our ancestors heretofore ex-
torted every right they possessed from the tyrants
of the hour, and the manufacturers must by legal
means imitate their example, and extort their
rights from the tyrant aristocracy. We are, in
truth, glad to see, from the language of Mr.
BRIGHT, at Manchester, that some of them take
this view.

We must tell the gentlemen manufacturers
that it is idle and even contemptible in them to
complain of the unjust aristocracy, and to go on
admiring and even worshipping it. Their silly
admiration of this Lord and that Lord, and
their still sillier imitation of the splendid
follies of those who plunder them, are the
roots of the power which overshadows and
destroys them. Nothing but their own prejudices
or passions could work their own ruin. Their
deference to rank and to landowners places fet-
ters on their minds and bodies, and gives them
powerless into the hands of their enemies. To
be successful they must stand forth independent
men, and cease to revere, as the greatest of hu-
man beings, an aristocratic receiver of rent, the
produce of taxation.

We were reminded by the Times yesterday,
that there is no exclusive class who own and
farm the land, and that it is purchaseable by the
profits of the trader, or the capital of the ma-
nufacturer. It follows, therefore, that it is the
unfeeling system which crushes the nation. In
other words, men are crushed by their reverence
for landed property, and for the dictates of large
landowners, which lies at the bottom of most of
our institutions. If that, in its origin, was just,
we are taught by the evils the system now in-
flicts on the community, that to entertain it, long
after the circumstances which warranted it have
passed away, is wrong. We are, in fact, en-
slaved by our own prejudices. It is curious to
find the same deference to rural occupations
amongst the Communists of France and the Tories
of England. " Cities," say the former, " must
be destroyed, as centres of domination and cor.
ruption." Half our towns, say the organs of
the landlords, may be destroyed with advantage
to the public. Happiness and virtue are only to
be found, say the Tories, like the Communists, in
rural districts and rural occupations. Both alike
entertain an unfounded prejudice against the
new population of manufacturing towns; and, by
honouring the aristocratic landowners, the manu-
facturers half assent to the vulgar error, sanction
the degradation of their occupation, and are
parties to the oppression of which they complain.

The Spectator asks, " what crime is there in
being a landowner, to justify the exaction of the
whole deficit of revenue from his class exclu-

sively ?" The community replies, what merit is
there in being a landowner to justify the exaction
of an immense sum annually by taxation from
the whole community for his class ? Though there
be no merit, it may be doubtful if there be no
crime, because the landlords have entered into a
conspiracy to starve a portion of the people. The
landlord who does not protest against their con-
duct, shares the crime of his class, and deserves to
be mulcted for their offences.

In the nature of rent, however, there is some-
,hing so peculiar that it would seem reasonable

to make it contribute largely to the expense of
the State. Rent, according to modern
authorities, is what remains after the
whole expense of cultivation is paid, the
capital employed renewed, and its legitimate
profits paid. It springs only from the necessity
to cultivate inferior land; rent only begins when
land of an inferior quality is taken into cultiva-
tion, and it increases as men are driven to use
worse and worse soils. It is the result of the
greater produce of those lands which are more
fertile than the land last taken into cultivation.
Why that peculiarity in soils, which makes one
yield more than another, should belong to one
class only of the community, is difficult to say.
Ateordingly, as it is seen that rent rises in the
progress of society, from the increase of popula-
tion, and the necessity of having recourse to soils
of less and less fertility, it is said that this extra
produce of the fertile land should belong to no
individuals, but should belong to the State. It•
is said that this natural revenue ought to go to
pay the expense; of the State. If the rental of
the country, therefore, be sufficient to bear all
the expenses of the State, there ought, according
to this theory, to be no taxes, and all taxation
should be paid by sent. This is the answer to the
Spectator's question, why the class of the land- ,

owners should exclusively bear the burden of the
State.

The Spectator says, speaking of Mr. COBDEN'S
speech at Derby—
There may be dignity, if not prudence, in refusing to
offer any inducements to the landed majority in Parlia-
ment to repeal the Cora-laws beyond mere abstract
appeals to justice, but there is quite as little dignity as
prudence in augmenting their prejudices against the
cause of free trade and its supporters by threatening
them with confiscation, even if they grant what they at
present refuse.

The Spectator objects, therefore, if we under-
stand the meaning of the passage, to threaten-
ing the landlords. But it is admitted by the
Spectator, or was formerly admitted—what it
now admits we know not—that the Corn-laws
plunder the many for the few. The Spectator
would then have the many speak to the plunder-
ing few fairly and softly, and ask them gently
and kindly to take their hands out of the people's
pockets. Thus the stern, rigid, unbending Spec-
tator is the encourager of robbery. It would
have us bribe the landlords by fair and soothing
words to allow the people to enjoy their own,
Apart from the meanness of such a course,
worldly wisdom demonstrates that it is not pru-
dent. Men are not to coaxed from rapine by
flowery speeches.

We mentioned yesterday that we apprehended
the Tories would propose a plan to relieve dis-
tress, by putting down public meetings and en-
chaining the press. While our remarks were
composing, the Times was preparing a demand
for a new law to put down the Repeal Associa-
tion in Ireland. Here are our Contemporary's
words :

Above all, the Repeal Association must not be suf
fered to continue its mischievous existence. We wir,
not pause to discuss with Mr. O'Connell the question'
whether it be so constituted as to be beyond the reach of,
the existing law. If it be, let a new law be made that
shall reach it. We hold that, at all events, it must be
put down—by the present law, if the present law be apt
for the purpose ; if not, then by express Act of the Le-
gislature.

If the Repeal Association must be put down
because it annoys the powers that be, why should
manufacturing associations and the press be
spared? The same arguments which would jus-
tify putting down one would justify putting down
the other. Indeed the reasoning against the
latter is more forcible, because there is much more
danger to the aristocracy from the discussions
on the Corn-laws, than to the State or the aris-
tocracy from the proposition to repeal the Union.
We have, therefore, called the attention of the
public at the right time to the probable designs of
the Tories. They cannot retain power without
using coercion, and coercion they will use if they
are permitted. Forewarned is fore-armed ; if
the starvationists succeed, it well be the fault of
the people.

We gave yesterday a summary of the proceed-
ings of'a meeting held at Leeds, for the imposi-
tion of a Church-rate, but the subject is of too
much importance to be passed over with such
slight notice, and we therefore give to-day a full
report of the speeches and the result. These
manufacturers, whom the Tory landlords in their
madness would destroy, are an active, intelligent,
and persevering race, and we are mistaken if
they allow themselves to be crushed, either
by Church, or what is commonly called
State, but which in reality means the
aristocracy. The very- Tories themselves in
the manufacturing districts begin to see the
selfish purposes of their Church and State
friends. In Leeds, which returns one Tory
Member, ten thousand persons assembled to
decide upon a Church and, of course, a Tory
question, and the friends of Sir ROBERT PEEL
were defeated by acclamation. Affairs cannot
go on longer under the present system. While
the Church gets ten millions a year for
religious services, and still agitates every
parish for -more, and the landlords join
with the priests in raising the price of provisions
and restricting the labour of the first artisans in
the world, the people starve. When the sup-
porters of Sir ROBERT PEEL find that their trade
decays, and that they cannot put money in their
pocket owing to the selfish laws passed by a fa-
voured class, we shall have a re-action which nei-
ther Whig, Radical, nor Chartist ever dreamed of.

We yesterday published a letter on the Observ-
ance of the Sabbath, not that it contains any argu-
ments which in the slightest degree invalidate
those urged by another Reverend Correspon-
dent last week, but in order that on such
an important question both parties may
have a fair hearing; and we are glad
to find that though the two venerable pastors of
the Church pursue different routes, they come
to the same point at last, namely that the
Christian Sabbath (adopting the words of
St. IGNATIUS) ought not to be kept as a Jew-
ish Sabbath. This, hovrever, is all the praise
that can be given to the arguments of "J. S." in
opposition to those of his fellow-labourer in the
vineyard, and as he seems to boast of his supe-
rior abilities at the adva'aced age of four score,
we may be permitted to remind him that both
his logic and his memory are defective. 'He
argues, that because ov.r SAVIOUR appeared to
his disciples twice on the: first day of the week,
that day should be observed as the Sabbath,
without reflecting that he appeared to them
a third time, when they were at sea fishing.
If he studied his Bible carefully, he would find,
too, that ST. PAUL preached oftener on the last
than the first day of the week ; that he preached,
in fact, on all days; and that he never made
use of the expression t attributed to him—
" Remember the Sabba th day to keep it holy.''
If our venerable friend confounds MOSES with
St. PAUL he must admit that his quotations are
worse than useless, because they only de-
ceive. He assumes also that the letter to
which he refers, was opposed to the Ob-
servance of the L )rd's Day, whilst it
had the opposite tendency, and described, in
terms of great exultation, the blessings which a
Christian (not a Jewish) observance of it confers
on mankind. If argument.s are not founded on
facts, they only defeat thos e who use them.

The news brought by the Levant mail from
Egypt is exceedingly unra.vourable to British
commercialists. A letter fi orn Alexandria of the
Gth of November, states, that MEHEMEr ALI
had ordered the Commercial Treaty between
England and Turkey to be carried into effect in
all the ports of Egypt, aad that one of the
immediate results was the. raising of the duty
Irom 3to 12 per cent. !British goods which
had paid a duty of 3 per cent. were required
to pay the remaining dxity • of 9 per cent.,
and in case of refusal to be seized. In con
sequence of this order- large seizures of
British goods actually toolk place at Cairo, nor
did it appear that the new Consul-General was
over eager to afford protecti.on to the merchants,
whose commercial rights were thus fraudulently
invaded. The PAICHA gave no notice to the
merchants of his intent ion to infOrce the Treaty,
and his conduct in. clai ming an extra duty upon
goods upon which. ti .me regular duty charged
when they were lands NI in Egypt had been paid,
is clearly a violation ( international law.

Madrid Papers of the 11th inst., have been
duly received. In du Gazette of that date we
find a decree of the Regent, granting an am-
nesty to all the sold iers implicated in the attack
on the Palace on th .e 7t,'l of October. This is a
very salutary meal are, al
Id a complete answer
to all the furious and nu
founded diatribes of
Mr. O'CONNELL at the Dub,,..in Corn Exchange.
On the Madrid B ,our se, on the 11th, one bar-
gain took place in t he ' Threes at .23, for 60 days,
to the amount of 200,0 30 mats; twelve bargains
in the Fives, at 321 for cash; 32.1 for'6o
days, for 5,960,090 IN gals; seven bargains for
10,309,576 re.ais took place in the debt without
interest, at 5k 6 for as: ;h, and 6.1- for 60 days.

The French Jour na, Is of Friday and Saturday
have been duly rec AVE. d. On Friday the Court
of Peers found a I ,atch of the prisoners guilty,
but as the Court will h, Ave to deliberate upon
their punishmer it 1 nay yet be a week
before sentence is pros iounced upon them.
In the mean time con, 'essors are set at

Vis
~fort ..,:2. ..-
( 1
$ ,nu W
, i
cl 4,
Nfo,„ i ..r., 'At
et 7.—
.