The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-08 00:00:00

PUBLIC NOTICE.

. ...
Lieut.- mionel D. A. 6:- ' 1 the bandscine colurnu
..„.
. . ,

Office of her Majesty's Superintendents, Macao,
15th June, 1841.
Parties who have suffered losses by the reee at pillage
of certain of the factories in Canton, will be p eased to
present, between this date and noon the 20e t inst., an
inventory of the particulars and amount of th e same.
A declaration will be required to the exact it ade of the
amount. (Signed) CHARLES ELL lOT,
Her Majesty's Plenipoti 3ntiary.
The latest news from Canton, brought 133 a United
States' merchant, is, that an Englishrnan';tl ead is ex-
' hibited on a pole inside the city, and the exa St •eration of
the country people against us is beyond dt sc ription or
conception ; they appear, from this report, to be thirst-
ing to drink our blood ; on the other hat td we have
heard that the hong have invited the British . :merchants
to return to Canton, and resume business : ; and Mr.
Wildredge, of the house of Messrs. Lindsay a at 1 Co., and
Mr. Murrow, of the house of Messrs. Jamieson:; and How,
are residing quietly in the old English factory..

DEATH OF DR. FRANCL A,
DICTATOR OF PARAGUAY.
Dr. Francis, the author, and up to v hin the
last few weeks, the inflexible upholder of I he non-
intercourse policy of Paraguay, has, by Iti s death,
removed the only obstacle to free trade upon tie river
Parana, and other parts of the rich kingdom of Pi kraguay.
A Contemporary has already noticed this fact, and laments
that the news of his death had not arrived in 2 ngland
before Lord Palmerston had lost the power, thrc ugh the
change of Ministry, to have promoted by comsat pensive
schemes, the trade and commerce of these no. w emanci-
pated parts.
This singular man now rests in the quiet and stillness
of the grave, having been tottering on its ver g-e for the
last three years. Before his time the chief of the South
American republics, who, under the name of Presi-
dents, had more than the power of kings, succeeded
each other with less than the brief sovereii :nty of
Lord Mayors of London. Francia was the first
who had the skill to fix himself steadfastly in power,
and to retain it. against all other men in th a State.
Death, however, with a stronger arm, has at 'Jest dis-
possessed even him.
Francis's early history is that of a scholar and gentle-
man. His father, as alleged by himself, was a _ French-
man, but generally believed to be a Portuguese, who
emigrated first to Brazil, and ultimately set bled in
Paraguay. Here he married a Creole, by whom be had
a pretty large family. Jose Gaspar was his heir, and
was born in 1753.
He was originally intended for the chu rcb, and
he received the rudiments of his education at. one of
the conventual schools of Assumption. Thence he was
removed to the University of Cordova de Tricuman.
Having no taste, however, for theology, he bas rued at
college to jurisprudence, and took his degree of Doctor
in the Faculty of Law with great eclat.
Returning to Assumption, which he afterwards left,
he entered his profession, and, as an acute and d loquent
iawyer, he soon stood alone. His fearless in tegrity
gained him the respect of all parties. He never would
defend an unjust cause, and ever took the pr. rt of the
poor and the weak against the rich and the strong.
But his manners were generally, and especially to his
countrymen, distant and haughty ; his studies sere in-
cessant, and general society he shunned. He never mar-
ried ; his illicit intrigues were low ; he had no friends ;
he looked with cold contempt on every one arms .d him,
and thus gradually grew into that austerity of ha bit and
inflexibility of character which so strongly marl ced his
career in after life.
Francis was cruel, heartlessly cruel. Many wars be-
fore he became a public man he quarrelled with his father,
though it is believed the latter was in the wrong. They
spoke not for years : at length the father was laic/ on his
death-bed, and desired to be at peace with his son. He
conceived his soul to be endangered by remaining rst en-
mity with his first-born. Francis stubbornly refused, and
the old man died raving.
From the Paraguayan bar, Francis, by voice of the
Congress, was raised to the Consulship jointly with
Yegros, a mere legislative simpleton. During this time
he paid particular attention to the military troops of the
city. He then rode about in gloomy silence, attended
by a few of his Quarteleros, and seldom returned the
salutation of those he met. At sunset he came back in
the same taciturn way.
His progress to final supremacy furnishes an amusing
picture of South American simplicity, managed by a dex-
terous use of means, which is the exact counterpart of
Napoleon's memorable scene in the Chamber of " the
Five Hundred." Francia's joint Consulship with Yegros
had fulfilled its legal time. A new Congress was now to be
called, and Francia summoned not less' than a thousand
representatives. Not one-half of these legislators could
read or write, but they could make a Dictator, and he
wanted no more. At nine of the morning, on the 3d
October, 1814, the Congress met. The proposal was
made to appoint him to the Dictatorship. This was met
by a counter-proposal to re-appoint him to office, but
with the aid of a Congress to help him under the weight
of power. Francis by no means relished the amendment:;
he was fully prepared to undertake all—for the good of
his country. He sent a strong body of troops
to .surround the church as "a guard of honour for
Congress." The Doctor's hint was somewhat plain ;
besides, it now was five hours since they. had
tasted a morsel, and dinner waited—patriotism was
severely tried. The glitter of the bayonet and the pangs
of hunger were too strong for the republican stoics of
Paraguay. At this moment a partizan of the Doctor
stood up : " Gentlemen," he exclaimed, " why should we
waste our time here ? The Carai (Lord) Francis wishes
to be absolute • he ought to be absolute ; and I say,"
striking the table with his whole force, "lie shall be abso-
late." Every man arose and saddled his beast, and took
his way to his own home.
Thus become Dictator, Francia grew austere, and ve-
hemently proud. The message beforetimc had been, as
delivered to any one by his body-guard, " Suplica el
Senor Consul que se vaya V. a case del Gobierno."—"The
Consul begs that you will go to the Government House."
Now that he had become Dictator it was " Ilfanda el
Supremo que pass V. a verlo."—" The Supreme orders
that you go and see him,"
Instances of Francia's despotism soon followed. On
occasion of the installation of the Junta in Paraguay,
which superseded the authority of Spain, the question
was agitated by the first citizens whether the Govern-
ment of the country should be carried on in the name of
Ferdinand VII. Francia, whose mind was made up that
It should not, entered the hall of deliberation at the
warmest period of debate. Walking up to the table, and
taking his place beside several Government functionaries,
he calmly laid a pair of loaded pistols before him, and
said, " These are the arguments which I bring against
the supremacy of Fernando Septimo."
Francia.'s word was now irrevocable as the laws of
Mede or Persian. Soloaga, a large shipmaster, was or-
dered overnight to select some planks for a Government
job. Seloaga delayed it till the morning. The Dictator
came early, and found the wood not picked gut. " Senor
Excellentissimo," began the man in excuse—but Francis
stamped his foot an sternly added—" Leave the Re-
, public within four-and-twenty hours"—and in twenty-
four hours Soloaga left wife, children, work, and pro-
perty, and was on his way to Corrientes, never to return.
Another instance :—Carisimo was thrown into prison
and irons, because the gutter in front of his house was a
little out of repair, as the Dictator passed. Old Cari-
shoo was corpulent, and the irons he wore pressed into
his flesh. His wife besought Francis with tears, as she
reported the fact. " Then," said he, "let him purchase
larger ones for himself "—and his wretched wife had to
order new fetters for her husband, by paying two thou-
sand dollars into Francia's treasury.
Dr. Francis's usual appearance, by one who personally
saw him, was generally in a suit of black, with a large
scarlet capote, or cloak, thrown over his shoulders. He
customarily wore on his shoes large golden buckles, and
at the knees of his breeches the same. His countenance
was dark, and his black eyes very penetrating; while his
jet hair, combed back from a bold forehead, and hanging
in natural ringlets over his shoulders, gave him a digni-
fied and striking air.
In October, 1817, the Dictatorship to which he had
been elected for three years, expired, and he was by the
same means of Congress, though with much less difficulty
then on' the former occasion, elected Dictator for life or
"Dictador Perpetuo." ,
Franc/24.'3 learning in later years, was chiefly confined
to the French language—a rare acquisition in Paraguay
—Euclid's Elements, equation, and the mode of handling
a theodolite. But he was most proud to be known as an
algebraist and astronomer. He was, it is true, but a
short Way inducted into these sciences, but it was suffi-
cient in Paraguay to verify the Spanish proverb, that
" En-ticrra de los ciegos, el tuerto es rey."—" In the land
of the blind; the one-eyed man is King."
An attempt was made on the day of Good Friday,
1820, to assassinate Francis, by 'some Paraguayan citi-
zens, obnoxious to his Government, but one of the con-
spirators revealed the plot, and his colleagues were
gained and imprisoned.
The town of Assumption, which was irregular and
very ill-built, was greatly improved by the Doctor in his
later years. He laid it out in spacious squares; the nar-
row streets were made wide, lanes 'abolished, and the
whole to be so formed as to allow of free ventilation, and
healthy cleanliness :—this work he himself superintended.
The Dictator's cottage was situated in a peaceful val-
ley in Ytapua, built in a most neat and unpretending
style, and surrounded by. a beautiful country. Here he
lived in the closest seclusion. His library was a confined
room, with a very small window, and so shaded by the
roof of the corridor, as to make the light as sombre as
it could be rendered. His library itself consisted of
about 300 volumes, the more ponderous of which were
on law. There was neither carpet nor mat on the brick
floor; an carthern jar for water stood in ono corner on a
tripod, and his horse-furniture in another.
This man, appointed Dictator, has held it till released
from the pains of supremacy by the great release which
settles all questions of human power. He was a daring,
stern, vigorous being. For nearly thirty years neither
war nor massacre has disturbed the provinces under his
rule, while Buenos Ayres, within its sight, has been the
seat of perpetual revolution, and the vast and noble pro-
vinces of the north depopulated by massacre and faction.
The destruction of M. Bonpland's colony at Cande-
laria, and his imperative and absolute treatment of all
such as came politically in his way are the chief stains
upon his character. Beyond this he was a high and
talented man, and thus it was that Paraguay was ruled.
One strong mind —one bold-headed individual, by an in-
tense application of his powers, changed, radically
changed, the character of the whole community within
a few years. Like the potter he pressed them one and
all to his own shape, and cast them into whatever mould
he chose to take them up.

The Bude light is now it seems to be intro•
duced into our streets instead of gas, at least at open
places. There is already one arranged at the middle of
the crossing in Pall-mall, at the end of Regent-street,
heretofore lighted by three large lamps, surmounting

The Lyons journals give a lamentable report of
the effects of a violent storm which visited that city in
the night of Saturday last. The day had been threaten-
ing, and, at 10 at night, the tempest burst, and continued
to rage till one, when it abated for about an hour ; after
which it seemed to have:gained additional strength, and
the thunder, lightning, hail, and rain continued till the
T
morning. Considerable damage was thine on the river,
against
Rhone and
and several barges were driven a
ont de ilsit ; one was struck by lightning, ith the i
Saone were much swollen, and fears of a new inundation
were entertained. A woman, who imprudently went out
by the torrent,
Burin
nwbat
eisieencsadtrrrreoieel,td,sn,
edtdno ist irlie
Quai Saint Vin-
but for prompt as-
Journal du Havre notices that some pas-
cfbernmt , formed
dbywtehuel d rain
havei
leftat tili:eerrp(ooll in the last steam-
sistaibeee.
sengers, who arrived
on Friday morning,
aki,iflbtx; railroad fori
)I::'London, whence they
oonl'heyloitlche same conveyankce to Southampton, where
by 8 o'clock on Saturday morning, ip ata
proceededetkli er
et el from
'
they embarked in the steam-- -et, and arrived at llavre
distance of 140 leagues, or ning,having thus travelled a
including their st about 350 miles, in 29 hours,
oppages at London and Southampton.
The same journal remarks that persons leaving New
York on the 15th of the month, have found themselves
in the morning of the 29th at Paris,
having within 14
days traversed 1,100 leagues
by sea, and 190 leagues, or
475 miles by land.
" A few days ago," says a Belgian paper," died
at Brussels, in the prime of life, M. Vandevyre an en-
graver, Who has obtained eminence in his profession. A
short time before his death he was subjected to a physi-
cal phenomenon, of which there are few, if any, previous
instances in the annals of the medical science. In con-
sequence of a frightful dream, the whole of the hair of
his head and body fell oft; and disappeared almost in-
stantaneously."
The Augsburgh Gazette says, •' We learn
from Alexandria, of the 7th ult., that since Mehemet
Ali has resolved on making considerable reductions
ameng the officers of his army, not only a large number
of officers have resigned, but 300 officers have been dis-
banded,
and sent into the provinces to fill civil situations.
Achmed Pacha Menikly, one of the most devoted gene-
rals
of the Viceroy, has suddenly resolved to quit the i
service. The Russian Consul• General has been now a
month in Alexandria, without having been received by
the Pacha. This delay has created many surmises. It
russian Government, in order to save
appears that the 7 P .
the cost of a Consul General in Egypt, will leave the
post vacant."
The vale, of Count Kielmansegge, the Hano-
verian Ambassador, was seated in the same carriage with
the two deceased servants of Dr. Carpue, and escaped
with a slight brnise of the hand. Count Rielmanseg-g
WAS staying at 'the Albion Hotel.—Brighton:—Brighton:Gazette. e

EVENING SCN

FOREIGN Q
uI.4IETTEERBAL
YT LITERATURE.
w.
No. L
Black
The chief faauTti lAverrnsfintraonlgr,itLhontidloen,prleBt4:l.lt
Num-
ber of this intelligent Review, is the general
isasimiennoersesroafriietds,l
n d articles.no confined, They
shouulldtilimsie-ealbeeeci.vu
r
e,siozisishieeptertediecomnxtGsic;:eeaarpttnlitiliidealognni
.Nn,
nosnriklbtibeitolocien.or
akilsisrsooytniiiocleoefre'ti
,tto:arettßm.tia:oirestrillsl;:ca.
iis:lolelcititi;n2oi:Ltav;Ltini;id;:
p
that have lately been discovered in Transylvania,
the Reviewer takes the opportunity of passing a
high encomium on modern German scholarship.
"If ancient relics," says be, " are to be ex-
plained and illustrated, a German Professor is
sought out for that object; if
.a series of ancient
historians have been for some unaccountable
reason thrown out of circulation, a German sug-
gests their publication, .and a 'German edits
them; if theology is to be viewed, in connection
with modern science, a German sets about the
difficult task; if statistics are required of the
state of Europe, the Germans produce matters
of higher eminence and utility than anything on
which Dr. Bowring can alight." This LI high
praise, but it is not altogether undeserved. fn
the next passage occurs a sneer at Dr. Arnold of
Rugby, whose classical acquirements are most
unjustly spoken of, for he is, beyond a deule-,
one of the readiest and ripest scholars of the day.
" Sybil's History of the First Crusade" is a cle-
ver review, wherein justice is done to the 'vie
Charles Mills's History of these Quixotic expe-
ditions, which is mentioned as being " the
largest and best connected work treating on the
subject, which is accessible to the English
reader." Gibbon's episodical details of the Cru-
sades are perhaps the most meagre and inefficient
portions of his great history. They are a starve-
ling banquet, from which the reader rises up as
hungry us he sat down, and is glad to turn to
Mills's volumes, where his hunger and thirst for
knowledge are sure to„.be abundantly satisfied.
The Reviewer, in alluding to the first projectors
of the Crusades, overrates, we think, the intel-
lect of Peter the Hermit. He by no means per-
formed the "actions of a sage," for be was liulo
better than a crazy enthusiast, of whom the
Church of Rome made a fitting tool. Through-
out his march to Palestine, at the head of an un-
disciplined band of ragamuffins, he evinced a
deplorable want of judgment and foresight; and
influenced benighted Europe solely by means of
his headstrong fana,ticism. "Hengel's Travels
in Cashmere" is a notice of a work which will
surprise all who have been carried away by Moore's
enchanting descriptions of this valley in " Lalia
Rookh." The Cashmerian beauties turn out to
be little better than frights; the men are for the
most part rude and ignorant, instead of being
heroic and sentimental; and the better educated,
who are chiefly merchants, instead of casting a
languishing eye on some "young Nourmahal,"
keep a constant sharp eye to business, and arc
remarkable for nothing so much as their knack
at driving a hard bargain ! " Ruppell's Travels
in Abyssinia," " Kohl's Travels in Southern
Russia;" and "Sweden as it is,"are intelligent
reviews, interspersed with well-selected extracts.
From he article entitled " The Women of
Italy," we quote an amusing sketch of the do-
mestic habits and manners of American girls:—
The independence of a Yankee girl—we mike use of
that obnoxious denomination, not through disrespect fur
the " smartest ration in creation," but better to desig-
nate the people of New England, that part of the United
States where American manners are most characteristic-
ally developed—begins with the earliest stage of board-
ing-school life. Early in the morning she walks out
alone sometimes for a distance of miles to her academy ;
who her tutors and companions, what her studies, what
books she reads, what friendships or habits she con-
tracts, her parents scarcely ever care to inquire ; or if
asked, scarcely ever does she condescend to reply. In
proportion as she grows, more complete and absolute
does she acquire the mastery over her own actions. She
chooses her dancing and music masters, her congrega-
tion, her minister. She subscribes to cotillion parties,
shines off at a tltncy fair or at a flower auction. ,She
walks home late at night from a rout with her favourite
partner, and takes a long tour by moonlight to enjoy
the coolness and sentimentalism of the night air. She
introduces her male friends to her mother, and sends out
her invitations to tea without consulting the " old
lady ;" finally, she informs her parents that her lover
has " popped the question," unless, indeed, she prefer
the eclat and excitement of a runaway match. And yet
this unbounded latitude is scarcely ever attended with
mischievous results. Thanks, perhaps, to natural cold-.
ness of temperament, or to the early marriages which
in those wide-spreading colonies are and will long con-
tinue to be the order of the day, the American young
lady very early acquires the calculating habits of the
country. She is her own duenna and chaperon. Her
fancy and heart are always under the control of reason.
She learns to value her admirers according to their
worth. You never hear of a roux pas, or, if you do,
you may be sure that all worldly advantages have- been.
duly weighed, and that even that apparent imprudence is
the result of the most consummate policy. Before she
leaves school, a Yankee girl—God bless her !—has
thorough knowledge of the world. She is up to every
trick, secure against all dangers of amorous seduction.
Else, what were the good of the million of novel; she
reads ? Her look is proud and daring ; her step firm
and secure.

COURT CIRCULAR.
WINDson, THURSDAY.—Tho Queen and Prince A Urn
took their usual early ride this morning in a pony
phaeton.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert afterwards passed
some time shooting at the Flemish Farm, attended by
Colonel Bouverie, Earl Cowper, Sir Frederick Stoviu,
and the Hon. C. A. Murray.
In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Albert lait
in a pony phaeton, his Royal Highness driving, acecru-
panied by her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, and
attended by the Dowager Lady Lyttelton, Countess de
Grey, and Countess Cowper ; Hon. Miss Paget, Hon.
Miss Anson, Earl De Grey, Lord Byron, and Sir Fre-
derick Stovin in other carriages ; and by Lord Charles
Wellesley, Colonel Bouverie, and Earl Cowper, on horse-
back. The Royal Cortege passed through the Long Walk
into the Great Park and Forest Drives.
His Excellency Sir Charles Begot took his departure
this morning for town.
Earl Jermyn arrived at the Castle on a visit to her
Majesty.
Colonel and Mrs. Arbuthnot will have the honour of
joining the Royal Dinner Party at the Castle this evening.
Her Royal Highness the Princess Royal has been taken
an airing.

A Cabinet Council was held at three o'clock yesterday
afternoon, at the Forei;n•ofl'ice. It was attended by Sir
Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington, the Lord Chan-
cellor, Lord Wharncliffe, the Duke of Buckingham, the
Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Stanley, Sir James Graham,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of Haddiug-
ton, Earl of Ripon, Sir Henry Hardinge, and Sir Edward
Knatchbull.

Lord Ellenborough subsequently joined his colleagues.
The Council sat two hours.
The Bishop of London and Sir Edward Sugden had
interviews with Sir Robert Peel yesterday, at his official
residence in Downing-street.
Lord Fitzgerald had an interview with the Chancellor
of the Exchequer at his official residence in Downing-
street, yesterday.
Baron Brunow, the Russian Minister, and Count Billo
Brahe, the Danish Charge d'Affaires, transacted busi-
ness yesterday at the Foreign-office.
Mr. Moore, from West Australia, had an interview
with Lord Stanley yesterday at the Colonial-office.

-.......11••••••••••••1111.1.......
COVENT.GARDEN THEATRE:
A new farce was produced at this theatre last evening.
entitled Caught .Napping. We shall refrain from ault attempt at a description of the plot, for .two yery cogent
reasons. reasons. First, that the piece is defunct ;, °,.:l°,,hich
condly,. cur utter inability to unravel thei pio,
p Disap-
probation most incongruous and inexPlioab- at an
probation was manifested by the audiencebe„ni e early period of the. piece, and sooni, said, "Ladies
gene-
ral. Mr. Cooper came forward, a
ur
and Gentlemen, this farce is the production of one who
in your service.
has frequenly laboured, and successfully, f
the in
to
piece
lof
inflict on your patience any .
Nevertheless. it is not the wish o
contrary to your
wishes ; and it; at the conclusion
your verdict should be against
a i
nneement somewhat
abated the disapprobation o
shall be withdrawn." This nno
of the audience ; but the cur-
amidst very general disap-
pltelide pledge
nsleynstelf one,it
tain fell shortly afterwards
probation. The house was very crowded.

„:_RI
sm.
IVIESIvir” exhibition of M. Lafon_
.
attended the ex
We yesterday
patient.
d mutant upon the manifestations of
liich he could produce upon the one
meanssubject a
mightthorougblet
were sorry to observe that the Professor
it
is
shad withhold their patients from the
that
eto those persons who profess
I:orosiletten so much upon
withhold their
as ietniseemlneetfa.rt:de n:toiewre'elry.
pro-
fbaeaixsiosdhui iogbp ii
Mesmerismui:itihioalnibeoo:fiabout.
investigation i sl rslelt,haolnigll eoorfe?
hotblal:iy:aeer"ld.iih.l y
the subjecit:iishtaretheairrigeloanstcoiencocemsplaarine
soaftistfiheods.o
he
names, w
writer of these observations has knovvn Dr. Elliot-
son for more than twenty years. In the whole course of
this time he has observed of Dr. Elliotson only that he
is a man of invariable truth, and in all the cases which
have come under the cognizance of the reporter, there was
nothing more conspicuous than Dr. Elliotson's integrity.
It would be finite idle to compare the mere exhibitor
Lafontaine with the philosophic experimentalist—such
is Elliotson. But for those who wish to investigate fOr
themselves, it is enough to know that the power of mes-
merizing is in the hands of every one, and that every one
can prove by domestic experiment whether the
Lancet
or Dr. Elliotson comes nearer to the truth.
W- li,

e are Happy to hear that Goldsmith, the
driver of the four-wheel loccruotive which ran of: the
railway on :-_,.aturday, is nearly recovered. lie was'in
Brighton yesterday, and was able to walk a consider-
able distance. Jackson, the driver of the six-wheeled
engine quite recovered. We are informed that the
only-inj is
injury done to the latter engine was the loss of one
of the front buffer springs, and part of the handrails.—
Brighton Gazette.