The Sun.
London, England, 1841-02-15 00:00:00

UNIVERSIT Y INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, FEB. 11.—This day a congregation was holden
For granting degrees, &c., when the following were con-
ferred :

Masters of Arts —H. J. Biggs, of University College;
T. E. Rogers, Corpus Christi College; J. R. Miller,
Trinity College ; and ,A. Brown, Queen's College.
Bachelors of Arts —F. W. Robertson, of Brasennose
College; R. G. Walls, Brasennose College ; H.
.L.
Walters, Christ Church ; C. R Scott Murray, Christ
Church; Lord Cranley, Christ Church; E. J. G. Has-
luck, Pembroke College; Strangways, Trinity Col-
lege ; and Samuel Holmes, Magdalen Hall.
There will be an examination of candidates to fi:l a va-
cant scholarship founded by Dean Ireland, on Mood ay,
March 1, and following days in the schools. These scho-
larships are tenable for four years; they are Tour in num-
ber, at 30/. per annum each:
Fan. 13.—A Roden Sanscrit Scholarship being vacant,
the electors have appointed Monday, March the 9th, fur
the examination of candidates for the same.
The Margaret Professor of Divinity has given notice
that ho.will begin a course of lectures on Thursday, the
11th of March, at one o'clock.
The following gentlemen have been appointed and ap-
proved in convocation, as Examiners for the Latin Scho-
larship
_ _

The Rev. G. H. S. Johnson, Queen's College; Rev.
T. Brancker, Fellow of Wadham College; Rev. R. Jef-
feries, Fellow of Exeter College.
Lord Wodehouse has presented the lion. and Rev. A.
Wodahouse, of Christ Church, to the rectory of West
Lex ham, Norfolk.

Colonel Wroughton has presented the Rev. M. 11.
Goodman, Brasennose College, to the vicarage of Wilcct,
Wiltshire.

The Lord Chancellor having presented the Rev. J.
Little, of NL,gdalen Hall, to the vicarage of Streatley and
Sundon, Bedfordshire, he has been inducted to the Fame.

A. AElley, of Oriel College, has been appointed by
the Governors Assistant :Taster of English Literature of
Kirg Edirrard's School, Birmingham.
In consequence of the continued severity of the weather,
a further and urgent appeal was made last week in behalf
of the distressed poor, which has been answered by most
liberal subscriptions from the colleges and individual
members of the University, and also of the inhabitants of
this city.

CAMBRIDGE, FEB. 10.—At a congregation held this
dry the follovring degrees were conferred :

-Medical Doctor.—_Payton Blakiston, Emanuel College.
Bachelors of Civil Law —.Lniah William Smith,
Trinity Hall; Samuel Jordan Lott, Downing College.
Masters of Arts.—Guy Bryan, St. Peter's College;
Henry M. Scarth, Christ College; Rcbert Court Gaze-
ley, Christ College; George Dover, Catherine Hall.

TitIAL OF PEERS.—Bentham observes—
mExßoh.it:
the
night
uf th
" That when a Peer commits a crime, more mischief is
done by his trial than by his crime. The time of the Le-
gislature, that time which is the property of the nation,
and which ought to be employed on great plans of na•
tional reform, of which there is such abundant need—that
time of which there never can be found enough, even for
the routine of unavoiddolc affairs—is wasted upon this and
a thousand other petty businesses, which could be a
thousand times better transacted elsewhere. To the na-
tion, the life of en idle Peer is worth as much as that of
an idle porter, but not so much as that of an industrious
one, To the Peers, their right of being tried by their own
body body in capital cases was of use when
c Crown,
ners
awnderejuiries
state of perpetual hostility
"I'
athLt,urthen to the nation,
were at its devotion.
and of we to nobody,
and to make a rarce-show."--Juche lEstaldiehvient, page
321.
e 28th
TUhGeH•d—eceAasendinsrdnearrn,l,la.s
unlltesissitEtn9 theig, Lord Chamberlain,
-cars of agc, who reiid( d i Is
n a
takierii
Ann Scorch, a widow, 0.-' )
the Don-Pottery.
persons were heard to say they would
unie,nlaaure
place
Rat A1;1'17
bor.o.iug
old woman, and they then began
som.oththe
have a spree with house
her doors and windowq b •., leaking
to throw stories at
of glass. The deceased went out with an
several panes
of January
old gun, thinking to frighten them away. The gun,
wa„wa , was without a lock, was taken from her by the
two ~e, whose names are Wm. Hepworth and George
Eastwood, the latter a resident of llexborougb, and who
then, hating forced their way into her house, heat her
with the.gun rv'cr the head and body so severely, that she
lingered fronfthat time until Tuesday last, when she died
from the effects of the wounds. A Coroner's
returned a verdict of " Wilful murder against Wm.
Hep-
worth and Geo. Eastwood," They are committed toYork to take their trial at the •
ensuing assizes.—Don-
caster Gazette.
The relative statures of her
1 IP • ce
Albert are stated to be 4 feet 8, and 5 feet 11 inches.
The infant Princess Royal promises to be a remarkably
fine child, her complexion being fair, like her Royal pa-
rents, with intelligent, clear, blue eyes.—
Court Journal
Letters of a very cheering
nature have been put
into our hands from Chusan, and from quarters which
should be in possession of accurate information ; they go
to the extent of saying that the " disputes between this
country and China will most certainly be settled imrnedi-
ately, and most satisfactorily;" we learn also, that K shin,
the Ambassador appointed to meet Admiral and Captain
Eliiot, at Canton, is the third man in the empire, and that
.old,and the heir apparent very
as the Emperor is very
Keshin will be Regent -
on the
young, it is presumed this
Emperor's
death;and
youngclever, and very friendly
he is
to the English. We find also that in one of the Eta-
peror's chops he said he did not wish for war, as it was
contrary to the interest and religion of the empire, and that
his people did not s
understand the art of war, and that be
consi • dered the Queen of England next to him in power in
the world. —Hampshire Telegraph.
BiIIsTOL SUGAR MARKET, FEB. 12.—0 f
the remaining small stock on hand a few lots have been
brought fo'''''-rd daily, and a!moat without exception ma.
dily disposed of at extreme prices....-Brista Mercury,
•

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' r 'lt W4o' s - . . . ere
1,..... 1 ,g- 1 .;,f.";,t5. ;. ........11
4V,
"V.
/t/irSial
Si.

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4;1
-

EVENING EDITION

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS

FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF SATURDAY.
(From the Globe.)
We are not about to institute an investigation into
the causes of epidemic diseases, nor 'will we attempt to
defile the occult propel ties of the atrntisphere, by ethiCh
the human corstituticn is affected by :slisease, or recover-
ed to health. The Marquis of Nt2imanby last night
aveiled himself of scientific investigatVin, illustrated.tom
facts, sufficiently to establish the cas.4ePreseoted.to the
House ; and carried with him not merely the feelings b4£:
the judgments of their Lordships, so as to senate the
adoption of the measure he proposetl;liot in6‘ely with;
out opposition, but with strong expressions of emnimindnii
time. Every man who desires to secureleimself and f?itose
of his own house from the visitation of epidenele diseas'es,
should be sensible of these facts—sstablislied as they
aro by the testimony of the most eminent in medical
science—that the air is often charged with noxious
exhalations, arising from the putrefaction of animal'
and vegetable matter. The exhalations are generated
in low and marshy situations, or where stagnant water
contains dead vegetable matter ; and their production is
greatly promoted by heat. Their precise nature is not
known ; for they have never been obtained in a separate
state ; but it is ascertained that they are suspended in
the air ; that naturally they do not extend far beyond
the place where they are generated ; that by currents of
wind they are capable of being carried to a great dis-
tance ; that they exert a powerful agency in the pro-
duction of the most malignant diseases ; and that a long
exposure of them wonderfully shortens human life. Tha
ravages of the cholera in 1831 will not be soon forgotten.
The statistical inquiries to which that fearful visitation
gave rise, afford a powerful illustration of the necessity
of some sanatory regulations, to he provided by the Le-
gislature, and guarded and enforced by the penalties of
law. The writer of this article was at that time resident
in a town where the number of victims was very great, in
proportion to the number of the inhabitants. A committee
of health was appointed. As the disease was principally
confined to one part of the town, a searching investigation
was instituted, in the hope of discovering some peculiarity
in the locality by which the pestilence might possibly be
caused. An old drain, leading to the river, was opened ;
and such was the pestiferous exhalation which issued im-
mediately upon its covering being removed, that quick-lime
5-1 large quantities was required to neutralize the foul ex-
halations which arose, before the workmen could com-
mence the necessary operations. The main channel
was found blocked, and the smaller drains from the
houses which communicated with it were also clogged.
Along the sinuous course of the main sewer, extending
through a considerable district, the disease raged. The
cause of the pestilence was detected ; a lime-kiln was
built for the purpose of purifying the atmosphere ; the
drains were cleansed ; and the disease was arrested
from that very hour. Not a single case of cholera oc-
curred aftew the cause was discovered—a convincing
proof of its origin ; and furnishing a powerful warning to
the inhabitants of that town, and to all others, against
suffering accumulations of noxious matter, which, sooner
or latter, will not. fail to generate pestilence and death.
(From the Courier.)
Lord Ellenborough, who of late years has made pro-
Liigious advances in the science of political economy, as
evidenced in his patronage of New Poor-law mercies,
spears also, in imitation of the Right Rev. Metropo-
litan Suffragan. to be making considerable progress
a the ne..v Drainage philosophy. He attributes
...enders miraculous to sewerage, which the world
never dreamt of before, for the very best benefit con-
ferred by sewers, as vulgarly beli-ved, is that they afford
onvenient and comfortable shelter for the rat consumers
of garbage and other impurities out of sight, instead of
leaving them exposed, as in the streets of Lisbon and
Paris, to the pelting of the pitiless elements in the pur-
suit ef their vocation. His Lordship gives us cause for bitter
regret that the following remarks were not present to
Iris mind on any one of the multifarious occasions when
the new Poor-law and its murderous tendencies came
More the House of which he is so active a Member.
For the reporters make him say that." he believed the
moral and religious improvement of the poor to be totally
inconsistent with their physical degradation. To build
churches, to build school-houses, and to employ cler-
gymen and schoolmasters, was in his opinion utterly
idle, while the physical wants and destitution of the poor
continued as dtba=ing es they now were. We be-
gan too far from the real source of the evil, unless we
placed the pcor man in such a position that he might
have some self-aspect—that he might have something !
like a home. The object of their legislation should be 1
—what perhaps this Bel would do ultimately—to secure
hoinl to the poor mae." This is generally excellent,
iithougli we think the Noble Lord is superfluously
carcett about a " home" for the poor man, seeing that
a vety secure " home" has been provided for him al-
ready in those Bastiles, denominated " Union 'Work-
houses." We are entirely of his opinion that, until the
physical" wants of the people are first and well at-
tended to, it is but a erne! mockery to be legislating for
their " moral and religious Improvement." But when he
was so eloquent in demonstratirg tne inutility of build-
ing churches and schoo!-houses, and employing clergy-
trwit and schoolmasters, with a iew to elevate the con-
dition of the poor socially, morally, and religiously,
instead of pre% iously relieving them fr. m the
debasing degradation of " physical wants anti desti-
tution," we are rather surprised that his Lordship
should, as it would almost seem with purpose "afore-
thought" carefully omit from his enumerated buildings
those dungeon structures called " Union Workhcu es
and from the list of benefactors and instructors of the
poor, thire tender-hearted souls, the Somerset House
Commissioners, their Secretary, their assistants, and
their deputed deputies, the guardians, relieving officers,
en'! masters of the workhouses. These are the people
for freeing the poor fully aad finally from all physical
wants, which of course supersedes the expensive neces-
sty of churches, clergymen, schoolmasters, Drainage
and all other the array for moral and religious in-
struction, comprehended in what the Right Rev. Bishop
of London terms " the appliances of religion." In truth,
the poor have plenty of lip-salve, whatever else more sub-
stantial they may be short of.
(From the Standard.)
What is the use of Mr. Joseph Hume ? is a ques-
tion often asked, but a question which cannot be long
doubtful to any reflecting man. Nothing is created
in vain, though we cannot always reach the pur-
pose with which some animals are called into
existence—many reptiles, for example, and some
familiar vermin. Much as we may be perplexed
to discover the use of these things, the analogy
of nature assures us that they have a use. In the
vase of Mr. Joseph Ilume the inquiry is the re-
verse of difficult. He is created and permitted to
exist as the representative of a principle—if we may
dignify with the name of principle, the enmity to what-
ever is reverent, generous, and amiable. We have men
who hate a Church, and hate pure religion—the reli-

gioo of Protestants—we have too many of such men ;
hut as they are generally persons cf mixed character,
the manif:station of their hostility does not produce the
proper effect in showing why the Church and the
Protestant religion are hated. Again, we have more
than enou3h of M lithusians, free traders, clippers and
wers of Cie sa!arii_s of soldiers, sailors, and humble
GiliciAl3, new Poor-law admirers ; but these men, too,
are of doubtful conduct in other respects. There are
some amongst us, too,- so eaten up with envy and
spite as to regard every man with abhorrence who has
earned the affections and gratitude of his country by
splendid public services. These persons, however, are
often wanting in the qualifications of a perfect model.
What is necessary for the information of the public
rood is a meeting in one of certain qualities, until,
us Junius says, " their combined sweets torture the
sense." Every one knows that Apelles formed his
ideal of consummate beauty by a selection flora the
charms of all the fairest of the fair daughters of
Greece ; and it is only by a similar selection,
though on the side opposite to moral beauty, that
we can have a perfect representative of the anti-
Cooservative. It will not do that we have here an
anti-Cliureliman, who may be a generous anti fair man
be
man
in other respects ; or there a pro- Pap.st , who f n
distinguished by some good qualities ; or in anotheri
tie
l
place a Malthusian free trailer, who may respect
constitution and laws ; or beside him an envious, who
may not he an ungenerous, person. Such distributed
qualities prove little ; but when we have them united
in one, the type of all the classes, there can be no
mistake as to the true source of each distinguishing
characteristic ; and all of them we have united in the
Hcn. Member for Kilkenny. Let no man then say that
Mr. Hume is not of use—his morale, as a means of
public instruction, is beyond all price. Last night s
exhibition of Mr. Hume, the Ministerialist, in 'con-
tact with Sir Robert Peel, the leader of the Oppo-
sition, is of great value. Ministers proposed a pen-
sion to Lord Keane. Mr. Hume objected to the grant,
upon the pretext that the Noble and Gallant Lord
lies under an unexplained charge of murder I au-
thenticated by the names of his accusers. Sir
Robert Peel indignantly defended the absent Noble-
man—showed that the charge of murder amounted
to this :—A marauder had been wounded by a
vidette, posted by Lord Keane's order to protect the
peaceful agriculturalists of a part of Atighanistan occu-
pied by her Majesty's troops : the fellow had died of
the wound ; and the regiment to which be belonged
having misbehaved in the face of the enemy twelve
months after, thought fit to trump up this fable of
murder, as an apology for their cowardice. Mr. Hume's
assertion that the charge had been authenticated by
names proved to have been an utter falsehood, as it is
impossible to doubt that it was a deliberate one. Let
any one read Sir Robert Peel's splendid speech, and
then say, if he can, that the person whose conduct
called for that speech is of no use.

'he well-known theatrical agent, 11/. Sims,
his last en Tuesday at his house in Long acre.
bad for fifty years acted in the capacity
Its. Through the instrumentality of the
our greatest actors, in bygone as well as
introduced to the stage. Amongst
tinned Kean, °sherry', C. Incledon,
t, Mrs. Mardyn, Mrs. Alsop (Mrs. Jor.
&c. Mr. Sims was in his 53d year, and
d two daughters.

RAILWAYS.

A BILL FOR THE BETTER REGULATION
OF RAILWAYS.

(Introduced by Mr. Labouchere and Lord Seymour,
and ordered by the House of Commons to be printed,
Feb. 4, 1841.)
Whereas by an Act passed in the third and fourth
years of the reign of her present Majesty, intituled
"An Act for Regulating Railways," provision was
made for the supervision of railways :
And whereas it is expedient, for the safety of the
public, to make further provision for that purpose :
Be it enacted, by the Queen's Most Excellent Ma-
jesty, by and with the consent of the Lords Spiritual
and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parlia-
ment assembled, and by the authority of the same,
that this Act shall come into operation on the passing
thereof. _ _ _

And be it enacted, that the provisions of the said re-
cited Act and of this Act shall be construed together
as one Act, except so far as the provisions of the said
recited Act are hereby repealed, or shall be inconsistent
with the pros isions of this Act.
And whereas by the said recited Act it is enacted
that after two months from the passing of the said re-
cited Act, no railway, or portion of any railway, shall
be opened for the public conveyance of passengers or
goods until one calendar month after notice, in writing,
of the intention of opening the same shall have been
given by the company to whom such railway shall be-
long to the Lords of the Committee of her Majesty's
Privy Cauncil appointed for Trade and Foreign Planta-
tions ; and whereas by the said recited Act it is also
enacted, that if any railway, or portion of any railway,
shall be opened without due notice as aforesaid, the
company to whom such railway shall belong shall for-
feit to her Majesty the sum of twenty pounds for every
day during which the same shall continue open, until
the expiration of one calendar month after the com-
pany shall have given the like notice as is hereinbefore
required before the °Fining of the railway ; and any
such penalty may be recovered in any of her Majesty's
Courts of Record ; be it enacted, that the said recited
provisions of the said Act shall be and they are hereby
repealed.
. .

And be it enacted, that no railway, or portion of any
railway, shall be opened for the public conveyance of
passengers until one calendar month after notice in
writing of the intention of opening the same shall have
been given by the company to whom such railway shall
belong to the Lords of the Committee of her Majesty's
Privy Council appointed for trade and foreign planta-
tions, and until ten days after notice in writing shall
have been given by the said company to the Lords of
the said Committee that the said railway, or portion of
rail may, is sufficiently completed for the safe conveyance
of passengers, and ready for inspection.
And be it enacted, that if any railway, or portion of
any railway, shall be opened without such notice as
aforesaid, the company to whom such railway shall be.
long shall forfeit to her Majesty the sum of twenty
pounds for every day during which the same shall con-
tinue open until the said notices shall have been duly
given and shall have expired ; and every such' penalty
may be recovered in any of her Majesty's Courts of
Record.

And be it enacted, that if the Lords of the said Com-
mittee shall be of opinion that the opening of any rail.
way, or portion of a railway, would be attended with
danger to the public, it shall be lawful for the Lords of
the said Committee, from time to time, to order and
direct the company to whom such railway shall belong
to postpone such opening for any period not exceeding
one calendar month at one time, until it shall appear to
the Lords of the said Committee that such opening may
take place without danger to the public ; and if any
such railway or any portion thereof shall be opened con-
trary to any such order and direction of the Lords of
the said Committee, the company to whom such railway
shell belong shall forfeit to her Majesty the sum of
twenty pounds for every day during which the same
shall continue open contrary to such order and direction,
and such penalty may be recovered in any of her Ma-
jesty's Courts of Record.
And be it enacted, that the Lords of the said com-
mittee may order and direct any railway company to
make up and deliver to them such returns of accidents
occurring :n the course of the public traffic upon the
rail vay belonging to such company, and also such re-
turns of the arrangements for conducting the public
traffic thereon, as the Lords of the said Committee shall
deem necessary fur their information with a view to the
public safety ; and if any returns herein mentioned
shell not be so delivered within seven days after the
same shall have been required, erety such company
shall forfeit to her Majesty the sum of twenty pounds
for every day during which the said company shall nc•
glcct to deliver the same ; and every such penalty may
be recovered in any of her Majesty's Courts of Record.
And whereas by the said recited Act it is enacted,
that every officer of any company who shall wilfully
make any false return to the Lords of the said Commit-
tee, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor ; and
whereas it is expedient to extend the said provision ; be
it enacted, that the said provision shall be and is hereby
repealed.

And be it enacted, that every officer of any company
tsho shall wilfully give or make any false notice or re-
turn, or certificate, or other instrument or document,
which shall be required to be given or made for the
purposes of this and the said recited Act, to or for the
use of the Lords of the said Committee, shill be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor.

And be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for the
Lords of the said Committee to issue from time to time
such regulations as they shall deem necessary for the
prevention of accidents upon railways. Provided al-
ways, that such regulations shall not prescribe anything
of an experimental nature, nor interfere with the num-
ber of trains, nor with the times of starting trains, nor
with the speed of travelling on any railway further than
is necessary for the purpose of preserving an interval of
not more than fifteen minutes between succeeding trains.
Provided also, that no such regulation as aforesaid shall
be binding upon any railway company unless the Lords
of the said Committee shall have given to such company
twenty-one days' notice of their intention to issue the
same.

And be it enacted, that if any company shall fail to
observe any such regulation of the Lords of the said
Committee, such company shall forfeit to her Majesty
the sum of 20/. for every day during which such com-
pany shall so fail to observe any such regulation ; and
every such penalty may be recovered in any of her Ali-
jesty's Courts of Records.
And be it enacted, that whenever the Lords of the
said Committee shall order the postponement of the
opening of any railway, or portion of a railway, or shall
issue any regulation for the prevention of accidents, in
pursuance of the provisions in that behalf in this Act
contained, they shall make a minute specifying the
grounds of such order or regulation ; and copies of
every such minute shall be laid before both Houses of
Parliament within one month after such minute shall be
made, if Parliament be then sitting, and, if Parliament
be not sitting, then within one month after the com-
mencement of the next Session of Parliament.

And wl.ereas by the said recited Act, the Lords of
the said Committee are empowered to disallow all by-
laws, orders, rules, or regulations made by railway
companies, which shall impose penalties for the enforce-
ment thereof upon persons other than the servants of
of such companies, and for that purpose all such by-
laws, orders, rules, or regulations are thereby required
to be le:d before the Lords of the s lid Committee ; and
whereas it is expedient to extend the provisions of the
said Act to all such by-laws, orders, rules, or regulations
as ere of a public nature, and that without regard to
the penalties ther by imposed ; be it enacted, that all
by-laws, orders, rules, or regulations made, or to be
hereafter made, by any railway company, which are of a
public nature, and which relate to or affect other per-
sons than the proprietors, officers, and servants of such
company, shall be returned to the Lords of the said
Committee, and shall be subject to the powers and pro-
visions in the said Act contained in regard to the by-
laws, orders, rules and regulations therein mentioned.
And be it enacted, that on and after the next
after the passing of this Act, no person shall be em-
ployed on any railway as an engine-driver in the course
of the public traffic, unless he shall have been licensed
in pursuance of the provisions of this Act in that behalf ;
and if any person shall be so employed on any railway
without having first deposited his license with the com-
pany to which such railway shall belong, such company
shall forfeit to her 111,jesty the sum of five pounds for
every day during which such person shall be so em-
and every such penalty may be recovered in
Pank;Yed ;
of her Majesty's Courts of Record.
Provided always, and be it further enacted, that in
cases of emergency it shall be lawful for any railway
company to employ any competent person, whether
duly licensed or not, to act as engine-driver in the
course of the public traffic, for any period not exceed-
ingtshheallsabide
sanctioned on each occasion
seven days, or such fubrythetrhe
period Lords
Committee ; provided always, that whenever an un-
licensed person shall be employed, the company shall
give to the Lords of the said Committee, within forty-
eight hours after such employment, notice thereof, toge-
ther with a statement of the reasons thereof.
And be it. enacted, that it shall be lawful for the
Lords of the said Committee to cause to be examined
any person nominated by any railway company for
the purpose of being licensed to act as engine-driver,
and to license any such person as shall appear to the
Lords of the said Committee to be duly qualified for
that purpose, and, when they see fit, to revoke or sus-
pend the license of any such person.
_ And be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for ti
two or
the m ocroem persons,,pany or one
some of
time,L
ofods of the said Committee to appoint, from time to
e n(Twhi
no
eme r shallsele c
tbeselected
by
ye
engineer
the company, by who •
Whom the candidates to be examined
shall have been nominated, to examine the candidates
for licenses to act as engine-drivers, and the said ex-
aminers shall examine such
candidates
at such' times
and in such manner as the L •
Lords of the said Committee
shall appoint.

And be it enacted, that there shall be kept in the
offici of the Committee of Privy Council for trade and