The Sun.
London, England, 1823-08-13 00:00:00

SALVADOR

NI I M'A 1) A M'S PLA N,

FOR ROAD:MAKING, &c.

new materials and dispose of the pavement P—Firr Weitmin-
ster-bridge I recommended to the trustees to sell the present
pavement, because as long as. pavements continue to be gene-
rally used, stone in that shape and size will always be va-
luable, apsi • the same weight of granite I could obtain for
the formation of the road over the bridge at 10s. 6d. per ton,
the presentpaVement being worth a guinea pot ton; but were
the streets of London generally taken np, pavement would of
course become of less value, and it might be broken for the
formation of the roads.
Is that pilietnent of a quality calculated to make good roads?
..,.The best materiatin the kingdom..
What proportion would the pavement now used In the streets
of London bear to the materials neessary to the Antiunion of
the roadi?—There would be sufficient for the formation of a
string durable road in the first,instance; .and I estimate that a
supply of materials for the future care of the road, tin' a consi-
derable time; would be left. •
Would that answer in all the small streets of the metropolis
as well :afar the large and open streets ?—I think not so well
in the very narrow streets, which are liable to water, and where,
from the width of the street, the thortniglzfare must necessarily
be upon one given spot. I beg,.however, inabserve, that the
thoroughfare in those streets is extremely Small.
Would the dust be increased or diminished by this altera-
tion ?—I consider, that upon a well made stone road with the
same care of cleansing and watering that is en to the streets,
that the annoyance from dust would be infinitely less; and a
road is more susceptible of retaining the water than pavement.
What-would be the proportion of the annual expence between
the paved street anti the road ?—Taking seven years, during
which time I calculate that the pavement gets worn out, I
should think the annual expence of the road would not be one-
fifth port, because in that seven years the whole value of. the
pavement is nearly lost.
What would be the effect produced upon the necessity of
raising the road for the purpose of alteration of the pipes and,
other works under the streets ?-4 t present, when this operation
i 3 necessary, a pavier, whose wages are from five to six shillings
iday, is required. Were the streets converted into stone reads,
a labourer at eighteen-pence a day would perform the same ser-
vice ; and by due care in laying the materials on one side, and the
earth on the other, the injury to the road would be extremely
small, and the spot would very soon become obliterated; where-
as in raising a part of the "pared street it is quite impossible
es er to unite the piece so raised with the rest of the pavement.
Supposing the pavement to be converted into a road,. in that
case would it be necessary, when any pipe was repairing, to
stop up the way to prevent carriages and horses passing ?
Certainly not more so than at present, as that circumstance must
always depend upon the width of the street. In very narrow
streets, where the pipe lies in the centre, a large opening is ne-
cesseryi it Would follow as a matter of course that the street
must be stopped ;.but upon large streets one side would he
left free. •
Would not a repair be more rapidly executed, supposing the
way to be a road instead of a street ?—Were the streets con-
verted inn! roads, the repair of the roads would be almost un-
known to the public, and no stoppage whatever would take
phice ; the repair of such roads would be limited to a one-inch
co,t.atn time, which would scarcely be known to persons pass-
ing. in carriages, and the great inconvenience at present con.
stantlylafin every part of this large metropolis by the necessi.
ty of repaving the streets would cease.
YOU,SSItille. that the roads for the ,streets in London must be
matte with granite ?—Most assuredly, I should neVerrecoln-
pend tinrother material tai be-made use of for the roads in the
'twain,

The following are Extracts from the Report
of the souse of Commons upon Mr. INF-knsm's
Petition 'for compensation :
It appears from documents quoted in the report, that Mr.
M'Adam, from so long back as the year 1798, has employed
himself very constantly in travelling- over England, making
surveys and inquiries ital.° the mate of the public roads ; and
that he has incurred, in travelling charges, (calculating the rate
allowed to Post-office surveyors), an expence of little less than
7,0001., towards which, independent of any consideration for
his exertions, he has received only 4,0001. from the Lords of
the Treasury. It is true that Mr. M'Adam, from the year
1016, has held the situation of general surveyor of the Bristol
turnpike-roads, at a salary something under 11001. a year but
2004 a year of this is consumed in expences (travelling) incidental
to his office; and the Gomniittee declares that the reinainiag 3401.
is "not more than an adequate payment for the constant and
laliorious duties of his situation," and tha't it cannot be
considered "as 'constituting any remuneration for his other
distinct and important services;" and tins testimonial front
the Committee, so highly honourable to Mr. .141'4141am Ititit-
self, extends also to the conduct and employment of his
three suns, John, James, and William, who arc General Sur-
veyors upon other lines of road, and who are stated in the report
to be merely
." competitors with all other road-surveyors, hav-
ing no other advantage than Such as their superior intelligence,
skill, and industry entitle them to ; and with incomes which
cannot be deemed too large for their individual services, &c."
In short, 'it stands past all dispute that the services of the
Messrs. IWAdam generally are by no means received upon the
score of encouragement due to their discoveries; but that; on
:the contrary, they are of the highest value to the trusts which
have accepted them, and such as could at once, from their
known superiority, command the choice of employment. The
minutes of evidence, and official papers annexed to the report,
Contain abundant proofs of the soundness of Mr. 111‘Adam's
system, and of the unitbnn stems which has attended its ap.
plication ; and indeed the fact must be within the personal
knowledge of every man who has been used to travel within the
last five years, for the,plan of breaking the stone small is now
adopted almost universally. C. Johnson, superintentlant
of mail coaches, says, " Wherever I have found any thing
done under Mr. .M‘litlatn's direction, or even in imitation of
his plan or principles, the improvement has been mest decisive."
The 'Post-masters General (Lords Chichester and Salisbury),
in recommending ;an adVance of money to Mr. 314Adarn in the.
year, 1890, say,-" 'rite beneficial results of Mr. 31‘Adatn'a
system are acktiOWledged in every part of the various districts
of country where the trustees of roads have availedthemselves
of it ; and he has-in the most disinterested manner giVen every
facility to other persons for the same general object."

Mr. E. It. Clay field, Deputy Lieutenant of the county 01
Somerset, states (111th of June, 11123,) the roads in his district
to have been progressively improving' since they were under
Ills.i4kl`,Adsins's +region ; and Mr. W. A. Armstrong,'trea::
CO4utodriiiis statti.the sar to faris'Avith d ;mitt tile:
timi, of eipenca of from it thirt, to a fourth of tio,i old cost. to
addition to these testimonials and many others which we have
not room to mention, several post-masters, and carriers
doliv considerable business,. bear.. witness to the tlecreas
ed -wear and tear of horses 'and • earriages, and to the in.
creased facility of draught, under Mr. Adam's system. The
Earl of Chichester, in his evidence before the COmmittee,
speaks to the existence of die saute impression wherever Mr.
M'Adam had been employed; anti also to the great improve-
ment of the roads and acceleration of the mails in such dis-
tricts. Mr. James O'Callaghan, M. describes the improve.
meet 'of tke roads in Durham under the application of Mr.
McAdam's principle;' anti mentions
,Mr. M'Adam's having
gone down to view the roads, and iustrusted a gentleman (Col.
Trotter) in the method of managing them, without receiving
any remuneration.
The evidence of Mr. James McAdam contains some curious
matter as a project for laying down a broken stone road—vie
our present atone pavement in the streets of LOndon. The ex..
periment is to be tried at two points withoUt delay—upon West-
minster Bridge, and in St. James's
-square; and thepro:rectors
express themselves confident of success. The plan is to break
up the granite which forms the present pavement, or, for the
first experiments, to sell the stones which are taken up from
the streets, as granite of smaller size and less regular shape will
answer as well to break, and may be bought cheaper; and it is
believed that a road formed in the manner and of the material
proposed will cost much less than pavement in the first instance,
last a great deallonger, and be repaired more easily. The conve.
nienee of such an arrangement as this—if it can be accomplished
—will be very great indeed. Our pavement, besides being,
from the unevenness of its surface, necessarily unfavourable to
draught, shakes the horses all to pieces that are driven rapidly
over it. It is well known that a pair of carriageliorses receive
more injury upon the stones in one year than they would get in
three years, driven upon the road ; and riding on horseback
about town, as the streets are at present, is always inconve.
nient, and in many places dangerous. The idea of substitut-
ing roads for pavements stems to have been an old speculation
with Mr. 111‘ittlain, sen. ; and Mr. William McAdam, who
says that he has carried it into effect with perfect success
upon a very awkward bill in Exeter, adds that the example
has been followed at Bristol and in other places. It' the
plan does succeed, Lancashire and Cheshire will have cause
to pray for the -inventor.; for the existing rhaussee of those
counties is, of all tracks to move upon, decidedly the very
worst. In town the thing would be better than even the iron
paving which was lately attempteff ; for, besides relieving us
from other inconveniences, the abatement of noise which it
would produce would be no inconsiderable benefit. The report
of the Committee speaks in very sanguine terms of this propos-
ed improvement, anti Mr. McAdams projects generally ; and
concludes by recommending the payment of his account for cx.
pences, together with a grant of :1,001. or "for his great
exertions and very valuable services."

DESCRIPTI

[Front a Missionary's Journal
•• The coast was beautiful, with much romantic
scenery. The town exactly resembles Funchal;
.
but was rather more cheerful. The objects in
the streets were strong negro-men slaves, carry.
ing very heavy casks on a pole, with a sort of tin«.
pleasant notenegro-women carrying fish, fruit
Sic.—a few palanquins, which are drawn by two
mules. 'fitienige
tlhitsi limes,sexpo papaws,sedtosa ivntetleu
ewerer.tiaritoless:
bananas, o
tamarinds, and fustic-wood. I walked up the
intocountry, al the :anti i
ob-
servedhills,i in order
o g
man
by the way side, holding
out for the people's salutation a silver embossed
piece of plate of a small oval sizes and repeating
some words about St. Antonio ; some kissed it,
others took, off their hats, but the man himself
seemed to ridicule their folly. I continued my
walk in quest of a wood, or some trees, where I
might sit down, but all were appropriated,. no
tree was to be approached except through au en-
closure ; at last 1 carne to a magnificent porch,
before a garden gate, which was open ; I walked
in, but finding the vista led straight to the house,
I 'turned to the right and found myself in a
grove ,of cocoa-nut trees, orange s trees, and,
several strange fruit trees ; under them rose-
trees bloomed alone; but :no verdure on the
ground ; oranges were strewed as apples are
in an orchard. Perceiving that 1 was ob-
served by the slaves, I came up to the house,
and was directed by them to an old man sitting
under a tree, apparently insensible from illness.
I spoke to him in French and English ; but he took
no notice. Presently a young man and a yOung
lady appeared, to whom I spoke in French, and
was very politely desired to sit down at a little
table, which was standing 'under a large space.
before the house, like a verandah. They then
brought the oranges, and a small red 'acid fruit.
The young man sat opposite, conversing about
Cambridge ; he had been educated in a Portu-
guese University. AlmOst immediately on find-
ing I was of Cambridge, he invited me to come
when I liked to his house. Two days after,
wards I called again, and Senor Antonio receiv-
ed
me with the same cordiality, begging me to
dine with him : 1 did so, and was carious and
attentive in observing the difference betvireen the
Portuguese manners and ours ;—there were bitt
Mr. Wm, M'Atteet, 'further examined. . • two. plates laid on the table, and the inner con-
.rave youeiti the course of p Fore-street-hill, in ~Exfactice,cdtiVerted any peter, , aved sisted of a great number of small mixed dishes,
street hada toad ?-...Yetei have;
roims part of that:turnpilte•trukit :. it is verytattep,
„and was ex. following one another in quick succession, but
ceedutgly elippery, so much SO, tbAt r niveliode on horseback none of them very palatable. In the cool of. the
'dijwii it myself - till it was converted into a atone road ; kites •
been so fora year or two; it has answered every Iturnose, and evening we walked out to see his plantation: here
stood remarkably well, and by being watered a little in very every thing possessed the charm of novelty,—the
dry weather, I believe there is less inconvenience found from grounds included two hills, and a valley between
cleat then when it
was
lithweadt.hill airTtvheth
say, that in coming upthem ; the hills were covered with cotoa-nut
heard
carriages,s ons some g
ietn
nottlembsa e f
ing above a furlong and a half, or two furlongs inleagth, they trees, bananas, mangoes, orange and lettionAreese
t•liocolate, d tt I t Ce
an co oil pans,.. c.
Olives coillee
Linsdssairtg teem.% fli ewe tsoeitgenntitiatuyt.estitliantiewsi
itnencethitewy"brtslotatigileurtmhediri ' t t '
horseS iplite cool to the bottom of that hill, they have been quite In the va I ley erns a large pia nt ation of a shrub
in- a lather by. the time they get to the top ofit, from the terror tree, bearing a cluster of small berries, which he
aO6 horses in slipping about: • desired me to taste. I did, and found It, Was
Thet was when a Watg.paveti ?—res, •
What kind of %tone da Prat In'e-for making that road?—'rho pepper. It had lately been introduced from ,Iti trivia
pebble of the country, picked from the gravel-pits. and answered very well. The 'next day We went.
Have you converted any other to visit Senor Antonio's father, in a la hint
road P---'There is no other part of Exeter under the care of e •
thee trust; but le consequence of the effect width the Cheruber Vire visited in our way a Monastery of Carmelites
of Exeter saw in Fore-meet, ) Part of Exeter from pavement
they have broken up A great niAnY in the church belonging to it, .my friend Antonin
of the streets hi Exter," antl, I believe, arc proceeding gradually some time, and crossed himself ; I was stir-
ta do them all. In the town of Newton-Abbot there is a county knelt • '
Widget the county hare. broken up the bridgeehands, and oon. prized but said nothing. At his father's house I
yelled it in a similar manner. . . was described to them as one who knew every
JoUN Lou DON 'III4A DAM, Esq. further examined. thin
Have you, in any instance, made the alterations stated by ing—Arabic, Persian, Greek, Sic., and all
your ante?-..Yes, I have 1 I found the suburbs of Bristol were stared at me as if I had dropped from the skies.
entirely graved when I teak charge of the roads of the district; The father,
thoiteenbia it was the first time Ibs are within the jurisdiction of the Commissioners Senor Domingo, spoke a little Latin.
for the care of turnpikeeroads ; anti I found the expence of .A Priest came in, and as
paving was very heavy, and the eireet very bad, and lat once was io Company with one, I spoke to him in
took the whole pavement up, and broke the stone diet I found
thore into a stone roatl, up to the jariadiction oldie Magistrates. Latin, but lie blushed and said that he did not
speak it. I felt sorry if I had hurt his feelings.
Was that granite stone ?—No, a kind of stone called the blue .
punnet in that county, and part of a light stone called Brandon- With Antonio I had a great deal of conversation
hill stone, both tolerably good stones : the blue punnet is car. on England and religion, and he had conceived such
thinly not AO good tie granite; the Brandon-hill stone, when an idea . .
broken, is pretty nearly as good as granite.. But those suburbs of my native country that he had formed
having been taken up, and given great satisfaCtion the yetif be. the resolution of sending his son to be educated
there. After breakfast the next mornin-, • I went
fore last, the magistrateu took up half of the street, tailed e),
steke's Croft, -which ie. the great entrance of the town from . •
Gloucestershire. The inhabitants were very much afraid of in a palanquin to Senor Domingo's ; and from
dust; and therefore they requested the Magistrates not to take thence with him two or three miles into the
up the whole of the street, but to make tin experiment on one country. At intervals I got out and walked.
half of it, '
and after a year's experiment they consented to the
whole being taken P• When I left Bristol, which is now I was gratified with a sight of what I wanted
three months ago, they were busy taking upthe remainder of.
the street; and I tmdersto ill od it was the intention of the Magi- .to . see,
. inamelyl some parts of the country
orignal state, covered with wood : it
strates to proceed gradually to take up a greet number of other Its
streets in the town. was . hilly, but not mountainous.
The. luxn-
Do you know what difference it has made in the expenee ?
dance was so ranke that the whole space even
That part of the suburbs that was lifted, and kid again with
the Same stone broken, cost la a square yard for doing it. I to the tops of the teeesi was tilled with long
took up the stone;, I hail nothing to purchase r the stove that stringy shrubs and weeds, so as to make them
came out of the street* fully made the roach, and we had a little
impervious:
remaining for repair afterwards, and that operation cost Q. a .ervious:and opaque. The road was matte: by.
square yard; inving, in the city of Bristol, costs as, std. a cutting away the earth on the stile of the hill, su
square yard when stone is found by the pavter, anti I believe that there were woods above and below us. The
th reckon the laying down to be eighteen pence of that.•
main object, however, of ,our Walk, was to see a
Ntihat would be the difference of expence annually between a
paved street and a road ?-1 thing that road required no repair • pepper plantation, made in a valley on a perfect
for the first three years after it was done.. level. The symmetry of the trees was what
A paved street would require no repair for seven years after ~ " p t Who
it was done it—l think we repaired it for about a fifth part of the 4. Dumf.( my or ugnese' friends ; but to me
'ti:entlietrhsetYrereet4inYßrtlisetolm
money, when it required repair, that a pavement would have was seeking the wild features of America, it was
cost. We seldom find our streets in Bristol last above three ju.st what laid not want. The person who ahoy:
years ; the pavements become ruggetle end full of holes, and grounds
rmy had been a Major in the Por--
and had retiredoll2 pension. Fie
—• ~
TIIE STREETS OF LONDON.
Mr. JAMES MtAnaet examined. which has been taken Up, bet I cannot rec eitit:ct the name of it;
salgenenrall; tyheineareeintitbhiriee.ge(;eta°rsh.e t'aPkheenreuils) ettitigunseetehAe
border of the plantation consisted of pine apples
Has any suggestion been made to you of converting the pave- it goes from Stoke's Croft to Kitorecti I I
ion.has beat taken up
ment of any part of. the streets of London into road?--I have by the Meg; straits, not under my ire
been ordered by the Parliamentary Commissioners having HAS any objection been taken by LAPY P ern, to the alterae with lemon trees, here and there between the
charge of Westminster-bridge, to prepare an estimate and re- den that has been made at Bristol e-- e, es.eept the alarm that
hail when it wasbegun to be • • =
port, with a view to convert that pavement into a broken stone the inhabitants of Stoke's Croft
pepper plants. 11.'e were sitewn the root of Man«
road, which documents I have furnished; and I hare reason to done, and they got the Magistrates to "e'PY loin more t
iehan dive, called by us tapioca ; it was like large horse
believe that the same will be immediately carried into effect. I half of it till they.were satisfied diet it WOLIId not tnamvennce _
radish
; the mill for grinding it was eXtremely
have been also. directed by the trustees and proprietors of St. them ; and the circumstance of thew sending a *quest to the
nee ee, believe that ti
James's-unitize, to prepare (which I.have donee the same do- Magistrates to finish it, induces . _ „.. , aey were .simple : a horizontal wheel, turned by horses,
cements, with a view to substitute abroken stone road in St. , very much satisfied. with the experiment r
experiment' in I/riz''' `put in motion a vertical one ; on the circumfe-
Janies.„.square, inlieu of the present pavement, - tog, has been acme in that way for, I think, seventeen
endpavingwatching the streets the inside
years; ranee of which was a this bin brazen plate, furnished
its being carried into execution in all the streets of London, as of Bristol. on
he exnence of p. ,
to the reduction of expense, and benefit generally to the pub- Who did it ?-e-It was done' at t . wish 'it' Commis. a root to the wheel, which grated It away, aro
lie ?—I consider that the expence would be most materially re- eionere for Watching and Paring, at Tr.'t'and X certain". t
duced ; the convenience of passing over the surface, there could ' did superintend it, though I heel notneog to do with Yore w i the form of '
it more ) it n e
be no doubt, would be generally facilitated, and made more than any other Commissioner hatli. is
It.s,,,street many gentle- ceptacle btlow :it is then dried in pans and used
convenient, particularly in the great leading, tercets, melt as men know very well ;it ir tik. pub. roadifs..4oßrimal to' the as a farina with meat, At Senor Antonio's,' a.
Piccadilly, Pallet-mill, Parliament-street, and "Whitehall, and Park, anti very steep; I believe it
emu three inches in a .legate f t • o tapioca was attached.to each of our plates.
others of that description ; the expence of the same weight of yard, and when paved was so very slang
,e and slippery, that .
stone now=ut un those streets SS pavement would' be ob- many accidents arose from it, and nnw. 't 114 a very good road Some of the pepper was nearly ripe,- and of red-
tained at infinitely less -expellee, he a different form, fur the indeed, and Ido not believe that it cost itporean average, since dish appearance,- when gathered, which it is in
purpose of road-nialting. that alteration, more than one.fourth o wheat it toted to do. A brig it
e . .
fore It—Blackil it is dried in the sun. In our way to the
Is it your plan to raise the present pavement, and convert What stone was it paved with be TOClE,Attitle, a 41 pr 1
that pavement innematerials for Making the road, or to bring species of limestone.. e old Woe's house, we came to a mall church on

an uninence, on a plot of ground surrounded by
a wall, which was for the purpose of belying the
dead from a neighbouring hospital, erected for
those afflicted `with a,cutaneous disorder, called
the Morphee. What this is I mild not term],
as I-saw none of the patients. 'T'he Major had
apartments at the hospital, of which he was in-
spector. In the church all three If.n'elt and
crossed themselves as usual; I said nothing, but
upon this, a conversation arose among them,
chiefly froth senor Antonio's mentioning to them
my. objection. The Major spoke with a vehe-
mence which would have borne a iwtiCi cause,
Antonio acted as interpreter. ccnstant ap-
peal to the Scripture on every subject, I gave
immediate answers. The old man cotscluded
the conversation, by saying, he was sure I read
the Scriptures, and therefore would embrace me,-
which lie did after the manner of, the courttry.
Senor Antonio told we plainly. at last, wittich I
had long been qxpecartg to bear, that the pre-
judices of education =ere strong ' and opetnted
keep Ur father bigotted; but, for, lam!,elf, he
had nothing to do with Saint, in :,erret, he
adored God alone. I could have i,%i,hed more,
for T fear this wai the confession rather of a
liberal than a religious mind."
(To be continued.)

AFRICAN INSTITUTION.

We copy the following from the Seventeenth

Report qt the dfrican Institution, just published :

'• The directors have no reason to better e that any 'relaxation
in the French slave trade has taken place during the last year.

Although they have not at Present such ample details to lay
hefote the meeting tis on several former occasions, yet the fol
lowing account will shot in what motie that traffic continues
to be carried on. it is taken from a narrative lately pub.
lished by the Comniitee of the Society* of Friends for promot.

ing the total Abolition of the slave 'Trade; and the cireinn-
itanees of the case are stated as being authenticated by official

documents.' As the inforMation may probably be new to Most'

Of the subscribers, it seems proper to add the following detail

of this transaction

" The brig Vigilante, sailed froin Nantes oh a slave voyage,
and was captured by Lieutenant 31ildulay in the river Donny,
oh the coast of Africa, on the lath of April, /84
"Her hurthen was ZIG tons, and she had on hoard at the

time of her capture 345 slaves. She was maimed by thirty

armed with four 12.patinders; all of Which were brought-
over to one side of the ship for the attack.
The cireuntstances of the case are thUS stated:—Sir Robert
Mends was commander of litntiadron on the coast of Africa, sta..
tioned- there by the Rritish aovernment to prevent the infraction,

of the laws for the abolitionof the slave trade. lie sent out Lieut:
himay, with the boats belonging to his vessel, to reconnoitre
the riVer Bonny, a place notorious for cairrying on this traffic.
The boittl,i having crossed the bar soon after'iley-light, about
Seven o'clock, six sail, two schooners, and four brigs, were
served lying at anchor off the town of Bonny. the
boats were about four miles off; they tho)layed their colours
and, as they advaneed, the slave vessels were tivoi moon,/
across the stream, with springs on their cnbles,• all armed, with'

appaiently about 409 slaves on board, and tire crew 4 (Lay pie.
rated to reshot any attack that might be mule upon them.' The
two schooners and three of the brigs oi.cned to heavy are of ea-

nisterand grape.:shOt and musketry upon the boats as
they advanced.
" When the latter were near' enough fOr thetr shod to take
eitect, the firing !as returned. They advanced, and in a short
tittle' took possession of all the vessels.
" The other vessels pitied to lie, the Yeanani, a Spanish

schooner from thellavannah, of '390 tons, and ',i1.30 slaves on
board ; the, Victta, a Spanish schooner from the I.lSvannalt,
100 tons, and 325 slaves on board ; the Petite Betsey, a Feencti
brig from Nantes, 104 tons, with 219 Slaves on board ; the
Ursale, a French brigantine, from .it. Pierre, Shirtinique, 100
tons, and 347 slaves on board ; all manned and armed in such
a way as that they might fight desperately if attacked. The
Theodore, a French brig, had no slaves on board ; but a cargo
was on shore, in readiness for embarkation.

" Many of the slaves jumped overboard during the engage-
ment, and were devoured by the sharks. On board the Yeanarn,
which made the most determined resistance, the slaves suffered
much ; four were killed and ten wounded.
" Of the woanded, three were females ; one girl about tett
years of age, lost both her legs, another her right arm, and
a third was shot in the aide. Even after the vessel had
beep surrendered, a number of the Spanish sailor!' altulkOd
below, and, arming the slaves with muskets, made them
fire upwards upon the British. On board this ship Lieu-
tenant Al ildtrty. observed a slave girl, about, twelve or thirteen
yeare .of age, In irons, to which was fastened a thick iron
chain, ten feet in length, that was dragged along as sbe exuecd.
He ordered the girl to be instantly re eased from this fetter ;-
and that the Captain who had treated her so cruelly might nut
be ignorant of the pain inflicted upon an unprotected andinrio,
cent child, the irons were ordered to be put upon hirni
"The Spanish achooner Vicutt, tvhert taken possession of,
had a lighted match hangin over the open magazine hatch.
The match was placed there by the crew before they
leaped overboard and swam for the shore; it was seen by
one of the British seamen, who boldly put his hat cinder the
burning wick and removed it. The magazine contained a
large quantity of powder. ()ne spark front the limning. match
wouldhave blown up 325 unfortunate vktims lying in irons in
the hold. These monsters in iniquity expressed their deep
regret after the action, that their diabohcal plan had failed.
"rhe slaves, at the time of the capture of the vessel, were
found in the most wretched condition ; tone lying on their
backs, others sitting on the bottom of the ships. They were
chained n.) each other by the arms and legs : iron collars were
placed round their necks. In addition to these provisions for
confinement, they were fastened together by a long chain,
which connected 'several of the collttre for their greater becurity
lb that dismal prison.
" Thumb-screws, to be used as instruments of torture, were
also found hi the vessel: From their confinement and sullerings
the slaves often injured thetoselves by beating, and vented their
grief upon such as were next them, -by biting, and tiariug their.,
flesh. Some of them were bound with cords. amt. manv +tat.
their arms'g-rievourdy lacerated. Upwards of lso,of,the.slavet
died on their passage to Sierra Leone. The ',Paws() soloo.ner
dreadful storin as- they were pr ve
and sank with 3110 slaves on hoard- The sober as.reis reached
their distillation. Those front Spain were' left t.Literra. Leone
from the Ilavennah was upended frothotit:ge ottolieratvaesst
colony,
for adjudication Iry
Britain and Spain ; anti those Prance were sent to at
land, to be disposed aby the lititish t.,Mverftpleue, which Or«
tiered them to sail for Vranee. The aIAVeS how:.ver.hAa alt
been prevlnnoy liberated, and distributed in the iolony of
Siartt laione, through the villages settled by ether__
negroea ; where they have regained their fwedoin, and now
the ...Shoed Commusion- Court ot. Oita
enjoy the opportunity of being instructed in the arts at
cure andynettinatitst." - „

PARIS PAPERS.

Tfrromtlie Courier Fraliedi2l

PAIII9, AUG. 10.-=-We learn from Marseilles
under date August 4, that ivbile our naval forces
are occupied in blockading Cadti, Barcelona, Co-
runna, Src., Spanish privateers come and disturb
the commerce of our port. Yesterday, Aug. .3, one

of these privateers captured off the point, of the
Chateau d'lf two small vessels going in ballast to
Ciotat ; the crews had time to save themselves in
the boats, but the people of the privateer, think.'
.
trig they were carrying oil money, pursued thein,
and fired on them with musketry, for a consiaer.
able time, kitting two men, without hewever
being able to capture the boats,' which entered
"the harbour in the afternoon with 'their two dead
bodies. This event has caused a fiery painful
sensation in the town.
PcanuNAN, 2. The Marshal had on
the 27th ult. his hea4d-tinarters at Igualada, and
our troops were tiro leagues in advance of that
town. The 2bth the Marshal had his head-
quarters Sirera. The enemy, into arter the
affair of the 25th had remained in the positions
front.of"Cervera and St.totombe de Guerault,
retired into the mountains Which adjoin the town
of "Mont Blanc. It appears that the Marshal
will'proceed ,in his march. The movements of
the enemy in that part 'or Catalonia, as well as
their marches in the mountains, are similar
what the Spanish in that province Made in the
war of independence. It Uppeais, indeed, that
the whole campaign will be passed in marches
and counter'-marches, and that it will be very
difficult, to force the enemy to any 'decisi've
actioa.

i. send you sUbjOined n iloCument which has
.:tint yet been published, and which contaius some
curious Articles, particularly the 6th

'CAPITULATION of the FORTRESS of CARDONA.
" The Lieutenant-COlOnels, D. Manuel Breton, Governor of
the town of Illanitza, and D. Pablo Lonis Bacigaltipi, Chief
commandant of the Militia in active service iii giguenitt, bay
ing agreed some time since to cause 'Cardona tode'claie for the
king, and having surMountedthe infiniteobStacles presented
liy'ille;great vigatice of the GoVertinr,,aild'the little confidence
inspired by the ''Olunte'ers of the fortresS, and after having
united the minds and opinions of the .oificers and soldiers of
the battalion, and of the aitillery, who appointed by uceltinia...
iion, on the 9th July,' at aix in the evening, for theft. Chief,
D. Paul LOUis Bacigaltipi, deciding at the same time that the
qovernmeat established at Macirid should be generally re"cOg-
nixed. For this purpose D. Marittel Breton, with n battalion
of faithful illanrezans, and two companfei of French ink's,
proceeded into the fortress to occupy the Citadel. The Com,
iniisaried on both sides then agreed upon the following
talons : !tarok, on the'one;Part, Captain D. Benoit eiallatd,
for D. Lotliti BiteigaluPt; and on the Other Part,
,'captain D.
Antonia Burgos, Officer of the'Staff, for D. Mantiel 'Breton.
" Article 1. The fortress of Cardona shall be occupied by the
troops destined for that purpose by P. Dlaciiiei iiretdn,
nor of maineza.

" 2. Tlie battalion of kiguenza shall be linmediately sent to
'New Castile, The necessary 'palsieFtSSludl 4p expedited with
out delay- ; and the officers and soldiers tiltpll enjoy the same
pay, employs, and emoluments, which they now enjoy, with-
.
Out prejudice to the fivouro which his Ilighneis the Regency
Li' the Kingdom may grant to:thet4. •

" he'Rraniises made by D. Paul LOuislgainpi, at
the moment of re-action, shall be fulfilled.

" The garrisbn of Siiguenza, relieved from the garrison of
This place by the troops destined to this service by D. Manuel
Breton, GovernOr of hiwire'sa, shall Irnmedlately go Into that

town.

6. The service lately performed by' the regiment of Stgu-
enza and the ramiintler of the garrison, shall be regardeti as
an action not favourable to the King's cause.

" 6. The promise made by D. Paul I,ouls Ilticigalupi, that
Atli the property and persons of the ltiltabitepts.nf Cardona at
present there shall be respected, shall be fulfilled; and the
people shall not be preeeCuted fur theirrpc!liticaiopiraorii, what:
ever they may have been since July 9, 1823, •

. •
7. The precedmg articles shall be carried into effect int..
medittely after the ipprobatiott of the General, in Chietof
the Army.

(Signed)

" ?Aut., LOUIS BACIOALUPL
" „MANUEL BRETON.
BBNOIT GALLARD.
" ANTOINE .BURGOS.
(Apiroved) " Tbo _Baron p'EtibLES."

It Is stated that On the 25th,.the day of Si.
~Jarnes, the Patron of Spain,
.the gai'risou of
Moutjoui, at .Barcelona, which 'consists of refu.
fives, French, Pledmoutese, and others, made a
bunk., but whiCit had not the Succesti.theY ex-
pected.
The Journal dc Toulonic also aayi, under the
bead Trade, July 9.7 :—" The Baron d'Eroles.
has set out for Madrid ; he has 'appointed Gene.
ralSorsileld'Second in Cornmand of the troops of
Catalonia. Ile Will ha've the Command in Chief
in -the absence of the Baron."

BAYONNE, .AUG. I.—Letters from Saragossa
continue to bi)eak of the agitation which prevails
there. New excesses.ate apprehended.
Ilesieres is proceeding 1)y forced marches
upon Tarragona, where the Revointionists have
excited sortie disturbances.

Auo. M.—There is no. news 'fiorri the
aetny in'the official part of the'ilfoniteur. The
,Jourtfut ales Debuts published, under the head of
a specks of bulletin which ap.
pears to he the 4veleriement of the telegraphic
dispatch pOsted Up, at the Bourse. it will be
observed, that on the '29th ult. our troops On-
countered, on the plains 'of Arenas, the first biT.
ga de of the army of Ballotteros,3,soOstrong, which
is very numerous for a brigade. With reference
to the position of the corps of the Constitutional
'army, it is said, that the :soldiers of Ballas-
teros were entrenched amongst inaccessible rocks,
to which, however, they found access;—that
'these miserables, seeing themselves surrounded
by French baronets, did not think of flying,—
and lastly, that the cavalry precipitated thein-
selves Irina the tops of the rocks; which would.
leach them that they were not in their place, and
-Would doubtless induce them another time to.
etnain oft the plain instead of perching them.,
selves upon inaccessible rocks. The next day
ihe're arrived many deserters, and amongst others,,
the Whole musical band of the beaten reginiefitS.l

—lt is not stated whether they left their instru
ments upon the field of battle.

[From the Qu6thlienne.l
We are informed that the English Cabinet hasp
transmitted to Sir Wm. A'Court, 'a note thus con-
ceived :--

. .
" The English Ambassador will repair immediately to Cadiz,
whither the Britiih Government dispateh two frigates. Sir,
Wm. A'Cotirt will make known to the Cortes, that England
does not interfere, and never will interfere, with thq fOrm of
--
government of any country, observing a, Strict neutrality; but
that, after all that has passed at Seville, she is under-the neces-
sity
of making common cause with all the Sovereigns Of Eu-
rope, with respect to the liberty of the King of Spain. Conse-
quently England offers her mecliation'for an amnesty ; and all
those Who are considered the most compromised, anil.Who wish
tel come to England, may availl-theniselves .of the two frigates,
and rely that the means of subsistence will be afforded them
until Ferdinand pronounce -on their future fate. BLit in
case the Constitutionalists of Cadii should refuse, the British
Cabinet charges:its Minister to notify the same to his Govern-
inent ;. because the British scpiadron, which is ready for sea,
Will then sail to join the French squadrimi before Cadiz. More-
over England declares that the Constitutionalists will have no-
thing more to hope for,
.if they refuse this last resource, and yet .
reckon on the hospitality of the English Cabinet."

[Pim the constitlitioandi
Ikliytkcc, And. 3..---The sudden fall in the
English Funds of two per cent. has caused slime
alarm at our Exchange. Before the opening of
the Exchange, the piper which is there in circu-
lation had been offered, without finding any
!Myers, bUt UterWardi it found more favour, not
hoWever withotit a very considerable
As we live in an 'age of Congresses, and the
season 'approachei when in general they assemble,
there is 'a report in cii.cUlitiOn of another Con-
gress to meet till's year. It is not known, how-
ever, Whether it is to be an European Congress,
in which all the Sovereigns will take part, or if
its deliberations are to be confined to Germany.
In the latter case', it would .appear, that the last
Session of the niet had only prepared the way
for this more important meeting. The measures
taken dUring this Session against the liberty of
the Press, or rather against the censorship, are,
only regarded as the prelude to more severe
measures to repress intellectnal exertions; and
our literary institutions, particularly thOite for
education, will also occupy attention. Certain
Statesmen pretend that our. Universities and'
Lycetims.enjoy too lunch liberty, particularly,
as to the mode of instruction, and that to ek-
tirpate the last germ of that demagOgic spirit
of which our youth are accused; it is neces-
sary to 'establish uniform regulations, t'ci which
all the Professors should. be obliged to con-
form. Since the Decrees of the Congress of
CarlSbad; public instruction is strictly inspected
by commissioners of Government ruminated
ad hoc at each Uni'ver'sity ; but it seems that this
measure has not been foUnd sufli
cient to reniedy the evil which Is so much
dreaded, for it leaves to the discretion of each
Government respectively to prescribe to these
CominissioUeri the carlduct they ought to observe
in the execution of their functions.
As these Gorvernments have not all the same'
object In view; there have been several modifica-
tions of this measure ; it is therefore necessary to
establish liked rules, agreeable to, the intentions
of the Loy A Ilium:Ai, from which no Govern-
ment shalt helreafter dare to swerve. it is saki
that five out of 41 Universities in Germany are
to be suPpressed, as being Particularly distill-
guished by that deinagogic spirit which ha's
occasioned so much interest for several years ;
among these some are mentioned which haVe been
thuch distingUished since the restoration of let-
' ters iri Gerrnany--bilt Of what consequence is
this? Every thing Must give way before physical
power.: '

A list has been published in the Great Duke-
dom of Hesse of the number of persons eligible
to the Chamber Of Deputies. It appears from
this, that out of a population of 670,000, there
are not 1,500. The condition of eligibility is to
pay 100 florins of direct taxes, or to have 20,000
florins capital, or be in possession of an appoint-
ment of 1;000 florins a,year.

PIRAEIES iN THE MED/TERIANEAN.-:-TIIO r 01:.
lowing bus been transmitted by the Agent to
Lloyd's at Smyrna; to FitAtic. ta 14.15ql
British ConsUl at Stnyina

" Ills MajeltY'S Ship Cainbriaii, Shiyrna, ./uly 1.1
" I am sorry to inform you that I learnt at hydra that seve-
ral men who bad entirely throWn off the little obedience which
their primates before held theta in, had manned some boats
and a schtioner, and were gone to sea to cruise as pirates againit
all natiOns, although the schooner has been captured. by the
boats of this ship in the gulf of Eguas (without loss on the part
of our crew, hers, .10 in number, attempting to defend her front
the rocks, and losing, it is reported; two or three.) I think it
right to Warn you such boats are out, and to recommend ,that
our merchant-ships,should be cautious ku allowing
,small boats
to approach them. I merely mention this as a precaution, for I
hope the early check which the pirate's have received will, pre-
vent: future:danger:. I have also left a sloop of war cruising from
,the gulf ,of Satonia
,to Cerigo, and the captured tchooncr,
manned froM this ship, and commandedty my first 'Acute-
pant. examining the ()reeks from Negropont to Satanist, in
search of pirate boats. ‘! I have the honour to he, 4St6
(Signed) " .L W. HAMILTON, Capt.

" BaussEt.s, Auo. 7.--)Ve learn that the Committee ap-
pointed by his Majesty to draw up the Civil Code, having ban
assembled at. .Brussels during the months of June and July,
has.terminated its labours by completin,q the second book of the
Code, the several chapters of Will be immediately print,
ed and: 4)resented to the Stites:General at the opening of the
next Session. .

following is given by a Morning PaPer,as
an extract of a letter front a General Ot
serving in the blockade before Barcelona. Our
readers May believe it if they like :—" I am
lodged in the house of a Colonel of Militia, who
on our apkoach, retired with his regiment behind
the lines. nis wife is a lieutenant in the same re.
giment, and gives daily proofs of deVotion to the
military service: She must Jie a handsome woman
if I can trust her portrait left in the bed=
Nom which occupy I do not
knoW yehat she may do in the field, but her
animated countenance and elegani.person could
not fail to gain conquests else Where. You
will be surprised to find, my friend, that we are
to be opposed by the ladies; but this is not a
solitary instance. ThereiS a company entirely
composed of female warriors, consisting of st,
who sometimes approach our lines.. Their air is
extremely martial, and their intrepidity is said to
equal that of the other sex in their' heroic na-
tion.' They wear the casque, and are armed
with a lance. "We have been discussing what we
should do in the case of an attack tiom th'ese
Amazons2'