The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-07 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1841.

THE VISITORS of the ROYAL POLY-
TECHNIC INSTITUTION are respectfully informed,
that the Institution will NOT BE OPENED ON SATUR-
DAY EVENINGS. It will be continued open on all other
Evenings, as well as in the Mornings, with the new and varied
Lectures, ORRERY, DISSOLVING VIEWS, and nearly
Two Thousand Works which display eminent art, science, and
ingenuity, to which constant novelties are added.
Admission, One Shilling.

SAFETY ROTATION RAILWAY COM-
PA NY. The Directors invite public attention to this highly
important IMPROVEMENT in the CONSTRUCTION of
RAILWAYS, whereby the advantage of equal speed with
those in ordinary use will be found to be combined with dimi-
nished expenditure to proprietors, and perfect security to tra-
vellers from danger to life or property. An experimental test
of the efficiency of this valuable invention is about to be in,
mediately made by laying down a line of sufficient dimensions
for the purpose,
Application for shares, on which a deposit of 1/. only will be
required, may be made at the Office, 1, Wallbroolc.buildligi,
where models and drawings may be examined and prospectuses
obtained.

110 be DISPOSED OF, a FAMILY LI-
NEN and WOOLLEN DRAPERY BUSINESS of
high respectability and long standing, the proprietor being about
to retire. It is a profitable concern upon the present returns
(although limited), and is capable of being considerably ex-
tended. None need apply who cannot command a capital
of 2,000/.
Inquire for particulars personally , or by post, prepaid, to
Messrs. Caldecott and Powell, 25, Cheapside.

SPOONS AND FORKS, is. 2d. PER OUNCE.

M. HORTON AND CO., SILVER-
• SMITHS and JEWELLERS, 36, LUDGATE-
STREET, ST. PAUL'S (opposite Messrs. Everinaton and
Co.'s), offer their elegantly-finished SILVER FIDDLE
SPOONS and FORKS at 7s. 2d. per oz. ; the King's Pat-
tern 7s. 4d. ; the Victoria and other Patterns, as also Tea and
Coffee Sets, and other articles, equally moderate. A very
great variety of Dessert Knives and Forks in cases of Sets.
N.B. An immense Stock of splendid Fancy Goods and
Jewellery at 25 to 30 per cent. below the usual London Charges.

•
A VISIT TO THE AGA OF PRO-
BOSSA.
(From the Moniteur.)
From the month of November, 1836, till the end of
February, 1837, I was in garrison, with 50 men under
my command, at Wonitza, a fort on the Gulf of Pro-
bossa. The rainy season had for the last month kept
us mewed up in our barracks, during which time
we were as dull as so many Turks. At length, how-
eves, the massive gray clouds that had obscured
the sky broke up and sailed away towards the
north, and the sun spread its dazzling light over
the white houses of I robossa,\ a pretty town situate
immediately opposite to Wonitza;. A number of fisher-
men's boats were ploughing the waters of the gulf,
skimming rapidly along in the haze, like a flight of
sea-mews. Probossa, with its lofty . minarets, the
countless masts of the vessels stationed in the
port, the many-coloured streamers fluttering in the
wind, the dark cypress trees rising like black lances
above the gardens stocked with citrons and lemon trees,
whose waving stirred masses of golden fruit and rich
blossoms—all this formed an enchanting picture which
was reflected in the gloomy waters of the lonian Sea.
Probossa rose before me like an enchanted palace, which
old Poseidon had called up from the bosom of the sea.
I could resist the enticement no longer ; I felt as
though the barrack walls were crushing me beneath
their weight. I sallied out, hurried away to the Mole,
and; beckoning to Geozakys the fisherman, in whose
company I had made many an excursion on the gulf,
stepped into his bark ; and ere the shadows had begun
to shorten beneath the noon-day sun, we had doubled
cape Rephali tis Panagias, and stood before Probossa.
The revenue officers invited me to take a seat ;
" Katz Effendi," said they—a mixture of Turkish
and Greek, but exceedingly polite for revenue-
officers, especially Turkish ones ; and when I had
declared my name and quality, and explained the
object of my voyage, they bowed and wished me
a pleasant one. In the first place, I went to the
English Consul ; the streets were silent and lonely, as
is the case in all Moslem towns, where all noise and
activity is centered in the bazaar. From time to time
I encountered a Turk followed by a slave bearing
his tzembucky (chibouk or pipe), and once I passel a
lady, who, although muffled up in her veils, turned her
head towards the walls- an ex.tre.ssion of :contempt.
An Albanese, wk.sswatiMs'king 111-The sun, and whom
I politely- requested to point out to me the Con-
sul's residence, slightly raised his head, winked his
eyes, made a sharp noise with his tongue, and
quietly resumed his recumbent position—an expres-
sive piece of pantomime which I perfectly un-
derstood. In a short time, however, heaven sent me
a guide in the shape of a venerable Greek dressed in
the Armenian costume. The worthy individual, whose
name was Antonio, gave me all the information I re-
quired, and moreover insisted on bearing me company,
declaring that I should be his guest, and that he would
never suffer a fellow-countryman of his king to lodge
anywhere but under the roof of a Greek.

M. Meges, the Consul, is a German by birth, a man of
the most amiable character, and who for the last 17
years had been at the head of the general consulacy of
Albania. He had had a pavilion constructed adjoining
his own residence for the accommodation of strangers,
and he offered me hospitality with the most
gracious politeness ; but I could not accept of
it without wishing to offend Antonio, who con-
ducted me to his own hcuse. He heralded my arrival by
the most noisy demonstrations, contrary to the Greek
custom, calling out lustily after his wife and four daugh-
ters, who were all four of the most remarkable beauty.
At about four o'clock M. Carlos, Secretary to the
Consul, came in order to present me to the Aga. An-
tonio accompanied us with five of his friends, that he
might do honour to his guest, and enhance his import-
ance in the eyes of the Moslems.
The Aga's house is entirely built of wood, with a
magnificent yard attached to it, filled with fig-trees
and cypresses ; in the antechamber a great number of
slaves lay stretched upon the bare ground ; one of
them rose and opined a door leading into a spacious
apartment, but utterly unfurnished. A dozen slaves,
who were then on duty, were gathered in a group,
and intent on a game at cards. Through a second door
we were conducted into the great audience chamber,
the walls of which were tapestried with red cloth.
On the divan were laid out several rich Smyrna car-
pets, fretted with black and green. Close to the chim-
ney, embellished with ornaments of gold, we perceived
the Agra, in a squatting posture, whose motionless atti-
tude, carefully arranged beard, and grave unmoved
countenance, gave him all the appearance of a lifeless
figure. He was attired in black silk, and wore the Turkish
red cap. By his side, on a carpet, sparkled a pair of
Albanese pistols ; a magnificent yatagan inlaid with
precious stones was suspended over his head by a
red silken string. On his right stood four fine young
men, attired in a picturesque costume, embroiderei with
gold and silver, and near these were placed several
subaltern functionaries. We approached him, respect-
fully inclining our persons, and placing our right
hands on our breasts. After having returned our salu-
tation, the Aga bade us be seated by his side.. We
were presented with tzembuckys, and coffee was
served. us in little China cups and silver saucers
placed round a plateau of silver, and covered over
with a pieco of red velvet, embroidered with gold
and silver, and surrounded __with a. deep golden
fringe. We soon entered into conversation. The Aga
made me undergo a close examination ; the Turks are
very fond of interrogating Franks on the minutest de-
tails of European life ; but beneath this apparent desire
of gathering instruction there is a lurking curiosity,
savouring considerably of satire. First of all we talked
politics, and from that we went on to the mappers
and usages of Europe. The Aga was anxious to
know, among other things, how matters were
conducted on the occasion of grand ceremonies, and
whether women were present, and took part in the
festivities. On my replying in the affirmative, he
testified great astonishment, and added, with an ex-
pression of pride, that he too, like the Giaours, had
only one wi, . This, indeed, was true, but the
Moslem forgot to mention that, besides his legitimate
spouse, he had a harem peopled with a round number of
beautiful slaves. When we took our leaves, the Aga was
kind enough to offer me the use of a horse, that I might
visit, on the following day, the ruins of Nikopolis, which
are about four leagues from Probossa : this offer I ac-
cepted with gratitude.
After taking a stroll in the environs of the town, we
repaired to the Consul's, who was waiting dinner for us ;
he regaled us with Hockheim, and under his hospitable
auspicies I found Turkish life very tolerable. Anto-
nio and I returned heme in high glee. I slept on the
divan in company with all the family, including four
young ladies. But notwithstanding this agreeable
companionship, I passed a frightful night : the haun-
kions, a kind of gnat, whose bite entails con-
sequences of some danger, together with other insects,
whoso names are less poetical, kept me in a state of per-
petual torment. Antonio, who was taking his rest by the
side of me, had laid his hand upon my shoulder, doubtless
the better to be aware of my movements. But frustrated
his precautions, and slipped away to breathe the fresh air
on the terrace of his house. The pale moon and a few
dim stars were yet visible in the eastern sky, over
which a red tinge was already beginning to spread.
The town was plunged in profound repose, and a
distant splashing sound fell upon the ear caused by
the waters of the sea rushing through a narrow inlet
into the gulf. Suddenly the streets resounded with the
noise of horses' hoofs upon the pavement below ; it
was the slaves, who were bringing me the steed which
the Aga had offered me on the preceding evening.
I was soon mounted, and in a few minutes we were
scouring at full trot through the winding streets, till,
passing through the town gates, over the moat and
drawbridge, we reached the open country. After a
three hours' ride through an olive plantation, we arrived
on a height whence we could descry the ruins of Niko-
polis rolled out at our feet. The reader will no
doubt remember that Augustus built this town
in memory of the battle of Actium. Beneath
the arches of the entrance gate were erected several
calibies, in front of which a number of Gipsy families
were seated ; they cried out to me " You are an English-
man." I replied in Albanese that I had not that honour
upon which they began laughing and said, " You
will not own it. All the English do the same, they
are afraid of being detained for ransom." Within a
quarter of a league from this gate stand the remains
of a theatre ; they crown a hill whence there is
a view of the gulf, the open sea, and an aqueduct, which
stretches across the country for a distance of more than
al league. The theatre has lustily withstood the hand of
time, and is of vast extent. I remarked the facade of an
edifice, at the foot of which lay scattered large portions
of columns ; its entire length was about 260 paces. The
ruins of Nikopolis are disseminated over an immense
tract, of which it took me a whole hour to make the
circuit. _ _

When we returned at about mid-day, I observed to my
utter astonishment that every one saluted me as I passed,
whereas on the preceding day I was allowed to go by with
the completest indifference. Of this sudden change
I very soon discovered the cause. For when I
had dismounted and was returning home on foot,
a"
these polite demonstrations were immediately dis-
continued, they had all been addressed to the Aga's horse,
not to its rider. Geozakys pressed me to hasten
my departure, for the wind was growing brisk. So I
took leave of all my friends, and consigned myself to the
care of my old Pahnurus. The breeze drove us rapidly
across the gulf. The sea-mews had not 3et retuned to
their nests, and I could still distinguish the streamers
fluttering gaily from the masts of the war sloops sta-
tioned in the port, as I ascended the steep street which
leads to the citadel of Wonitza.

At Maginville, in the Manche, are an octoge-
narian couple, who have lived together in harmony, sup-
porting themselves by their own labour, for 60 years.
Their neighbours, who hold them in esteem, prevailed
on thorn, a few days since, to celebrate the sixtieth anni-
versary of their marriage, as they had suffered the usual
epoch of the half century to pass by unnoticed. On the
appointed day the whole village came to escort them to
the altar, the bells were rung, guns were fired, &c. The
venerable couple went to church, where a suitable ser-
vice was performed, and at its termination the old woman
wished to pay the fees, but the priest refused, and went
round among the congregation to make a special collec-
ti9n in favour of the happy pain

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE MORNIWG PAPERS OF THIS ➢AT.

CHRONICLE.—The landlords' majority has now the
mastery of the nation. The Parliament and the Sove-
reign, the Government and the country, it has them all
in its gripe. It has made a Ministry ; and it can, when-
ever offended, unmake the Ministry it has made. 'rho
Duke of Buckingham and Sir Edward Knatchbull in the
Cabinet are the outward and visible sign of a compact,
with its most selfish interests and its blindest prejudices,
like the bloated figure in Shelley's " Masque of Anarchy,"
"it is law, and King, and God." The efficiency of Par-
liamentary opposition to this enormous and triumphant
power must depend upon its complete superiority to
the ordinary tactics of the party. They are not merely
the measures of the Whigs that have been defeated, but
their principles. The late Ministers have not been ejected
from office for the sake of this or that amount of
reduction in timber or sugar duties, but because
they touched monopoly by attempting any reduction.
They have not forfeited place on account of their attempt
to mitigate the bread-tax to Ss. per quarter, but for
contemplating an application of the principles of com-
mercial freedom to the trade in corn. Nor will
they recover what they have lost by the proposition of
any extent of reduction, or amount of duty. The new
Opposition in Parliament must shun points of petty con-
flict with its predecessors. The country took its propo-
sitions, as embodied in the Budget, not for a complete,
final, and satisfactory arrangement, but as the indica-
tions of a Ministerial adoption of sound principles in
commercial and fiscal legislation. Moral force and public
opinion, by which alone an Opposition can be rendered
efficient, require the broad and strenuous assertion of
those principles, in whatever form they may be invaded
by the victorious monopolists. Free trade is the banner
round which their future strength must rally, for it to be
that growing strength which will obliterate the late re
verses in a coming and complete success. But it is mainly
out of doors that the form and colour must be given to
such resistance as may keep the spirit of Toryism in
check, avert the worst excesses of its former domination,
and preserve or obtain the means, as well as the will, for
destroying any power not based upon public opinion and
public interests. The people's party must follow the peo-
ple's lead.
TIMES.—The correspondence which we published
yesterday -relative-to Mr. Nixon's dismissal from the
High-Sheriffship of Fermanagh, is perhaps as discredit-
able to the ex-Lieutenant of Ireland as anything his
Lordship has yet done to signalize his ardent Whig
reign. How Lord liforpeth, with the symptoms of im-
proved feeling lately evinced by him in Yorkshire, could
allow himself to be instrumental in ministering to the
paltry party-spite of his vice-regal chief in Dublin,
does, we confess, surprise us. Had the noble ex Se-
cretary been at due pains to acquaint himself with all
the facts before he undertook to write a letter to Mr.
Nixon so offensively prejudging that gentleman's case
as to have compelled him, from self-respect, to decline
an explanatory reply, we cannot doubt that instead of
having consented to be the vehicle of Earl For-
tescue's political venom against one of the most
estimable public functionaries that Ireland can
boast of, the same high regard to character which
induced Lord Morpeth to decline the degrada-
tion of occupying one of O'Connell's spare seats,
would have indisposed him to act the part of
a mere dirty utensil at the conclusion of his
official career. Of the general policy of the late Lord
Lieutenant we have no wish to speak in terms of severe
censure. As a guardian of public order, his practical
enforcement of the laws has rendered his administration
considerably less objectionable than that of his prede-
cessor. But when we have said this, we have said every
thing he can fairly lay claim to. With professions of
the strictest impartiality as an even-handed mediator be-
tween the political and ecclesiastical parties which divide
Ireland, the Noble Earl has uniformly falsified his pro-
fessions by a systematic favouritism on behalf of those
whom he believed to be best able and best disposed to
prolong the ascendancy of his English colleagues. In-
deed the discrepancy observable between Earl Fortescue's
promises and performances has been such as can in no
sense be ascribed to a mere error of judgment. His Lord-
ship, while affecting to maintain an inflexible indepen-
dence, has on many reprehensible occasions been the wil-
ling sycophant of a faction.
lIERALD.—With the prospect of infinite honour to
themselves, by responding to the expectations of the
country at large, the new Government have certainly a
prospect, also, of duties to be performed involving an
awful extent of responsibility. Never did public men
present themselves on the stage of their trial before the
country which they are to serve, under a greater cer-
tainty of encountering more highly-wrought expecta-
tions. The imbecility of the Whig-Radical Ministers,
their failures and their follies, their hollow faith and
large professions, have generated such incessant dis-
appointments to the nation, that, from those who—by
the mere force of sounder principles and steadier con-
duct have ousted them from office, an account of their
stewardship, somewhat unreasonable, even, as to the
products it will auticipate ; and somewhat minute in the
particulars it wfk require—may be certainly looked
for. But that tiAft are to hold office under a liability
of this sort should never be felt nit any hardship by
blle teauers of the Conservative party. What
to dread from the strictest investigation into their mode
of carrying out the most salutary and enlightened prin-
ciples of government, if they be always prepared to show
that they have manfully endeavoured to make the best
use of the means presented to them for honestly redeem-
ing the pledges they have given to their countrymen ?
They have no "irrevocable compacts" to bind them to
the evil purposes and unremitting machinations of reck-
less intriguers. They are under no moral necessity to
vote, at the dictation, or for the purposes of a faction,
" that black is white or white is black." They have no
guilty adhesion to testify in secret to a treacherous cabal,
the insolent head of which exacts from his creatures
and dependents a divided homage and allegiance (in
effect) with their common Sovereign. We dare answer for
them. that no Minister of a foreign country, in a season
of fierce hostility against Great Britain on the part of
those whom his bad arts are working to a pitch of frenzied
resentment—will ever be able to adduce in their open
senate, letters of encouragement and intelligence from
councillors of the British Crown, who deem themselves
not precluded' from revealing the deliberations of the
Cabinet, by the solemn arid exigent terms of their
oaths ! The Conservatives will never have to fear such
a challenge from delinquents who are arraigned for high
treason, found guilty, and sentenced, as this,—" We
have but followed your example ;—we have but com-
plied" with your own invitation, to meet for the discus-
sion of our grievances in this tumultuous way, and at
dark midilight ; you are bound to advise the Crown to
remit to us all penalty for what the law has branded as
the highest of offences." The new Government will
never afford to any individual or any community an oc-
casion for taunting them with having, through their own
supineness or their own mismanagement, allowed one
colony to be enveloped in the flames of a civil war, and
another to be brought, by illegal and unconstitutional
interference, on the part of the Colonial-official at home,
with their legislature, to the very verge of a rebellion.
POST.—If it be true that her Majesty, in acting faith-
fully upon the principles of the Constitution, has sacri-
ficed some personal predilections, the readiness and
frankness with which her Majesty has made these sacri-
fices, will not be lost upon the nation, nor upon the party
which, under her Royal permission, now holds the reins
of Government. It is for mean minds to cherish re-
sentment against what may be supposed to be an unwill-
ing compliance with circumstances. No such feeling
exists in the breast of any true Conservative. The party
has sense enough, and principle enough, to view the
reality of things through the medium of duty. If they
believe that her Majesty's personal preference was not
towards them, they are not the less, but the more sensi-
ble, of the devotedness with which they ought to serve a
Sovereign, whO not only complies at once with the re-
quirements of the constitution, but does so even against
the bias of her personal inclination, who makes a sacrifice
of her own liking in order to discharge the duties im-
posed upon her by her high position as constitutiom.l
Queen of a free people. As to the assertion of the Whig
journals that the people are against the party now in
power, we can make nothing of it by any process of rea-
sonable examination. It seems to be the mere raving of
Whigs whom failure and disappointment have driven out
of their wits. The Whigs who constructed the Reform
Act must condemn themselves, if they say that the
House of Commons, as at present constituted, does not
represent the people, and they are well aware, as we have
already stated, that the voice of the House of Commons
is certainly not with them, nor against the Conservative
party. •
ADVERTISER.—The more carefully we examine
the composition of the new Tory Cabinet, the more
thoroughly do we feel persuaded that the advent of that
Cabinent will prove to the country a calamity of the
most fearful magnitude. There is no expectation of
good more generally entertained from the Peel Admi-
nistration than that of some substantial amelioration in
the financial and commercial relations of the country.
Be it our duty to expose the utter groundlessness of this
expectation, and to prove beyond all question that come
of the trade and commerce of the country what may,-
nay, come what will of the country itself—the interests
of the landed monopolists must be inviolably upheld.
First of all we beg the people to remember that all the
avowed partialities of the Premier are in favour of the
landed interest. Whenever, in times past, the claims
of corn and commerce have come into collision,
Sir Robert Peel has always evinced a decided
predilection for the former. He is notoriously
a proud and ambitious man, and like most
other men of ambitious aspirations, is ashamed of
the commercial pursuits to which he owes his opulence
and elevation in society.. For cotton, which has made
him, he feels a sovereign contempt, and wishes that all
the spinning-jennies in Lancashire were cast into the
depths of the sea, rather than come between the wind
and his aristocratic pretensions. The very name of cot-
ton, spinning-jennies, or anything else that brings to his
mind the remembrance of the humble origin of his fa-
mily, grate on his ear, and are odious in his eye. He
aims at being considered a landed gentleman, and all his
sympathies and leanings are with the landed interest.
As, therefore, the interests of commerce and corn are,
in the existing posture of affairs, in a state of necessary
and irreconcileable antagonism, and as the triumph of
the one can only be achieved by the temporary prostra-
tion of the other, there -Cannot be the shadow of a doubt
as to the interest over which the new Tory Premier will
throw the shield of his protection.

PRICE 5d

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROSt THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAT.
CHRONICLE.—The settlement for the bills that fell
due on Saturday has gone off better than was anticipated.
The heavy paper, with one exception of a house in the
foreign trade, has been all well met, but we regret to
state that a considerable number of the smaller class of
traders' acceptances have been returned unpaid. There
has been a considerable exportation of woollen goods to
the North American provinces, to Canada, and to Nova
Scotia, for winter clothing, and a good deal of exports
have been sent to various part of the Continent. The
former branch of trade was to be expected at this season,
and as to the latter we have frequently.explained that
it was based too much upon the consignment system. to
be looked upon as a feature of returning improvement in
our European trade. The demand for money, contrary
to expection, still continues, notwithstanding the removal
of the pressurs required to meet the bills which came to
maturity on Saturday. Considering the nature of the
Bank notice, allowing money at five per cent. on deposit
of bills having six months to run, it is surmised that
-sOme under current for money is at work amongst capi-
talists, .preparatory to the appearance of the French loan.
This continued pressure for money and depression in
the manufacturing and trading interests, coupled with
the numerous failures that have taken place, and others
that we fear are yet to come, should obtain the serious
and immediate attention of the Cabinet. It has been
said that the decay in our export trade and stagnation in
the demand for British goods have been occasioned by
two causes, viz., overtrading and the unsettled state of
our political relations. 'We have, however, endeavoured
to show, and we believe successfully, that the origin of
all the mischief is the disturbing influence of the present
Corn-laws upon the currency. We have this indisput-
able fact in our support, that trade has been suffering un-
der great vicissitudes and distress ever since the drain
of bullion to pay for foreign corn after the bad harvest
of 1838, and that the Bank of England has been en-
gaged since that time in a constant struggle to get back
her gold, in which, to this day, her efforts have been
only very partially successful; while the " screw" has
been in activer operation, and prices consequently very
seriously, indeed ruinously, depressed, in the hopes of
causing a favourable turn in the-Foreign Exchanges.
The reaction in Spanish Active Bonds is not surpris-
ing after the recent improvement of 3 per cent., and the
delay that has occurred in obtaining the loan of 60,000,000
of reals destined to defray the past due dividends on he
Indemnity Bonds, and to provide towards payment of the
interest on the capitalized Coupons. M. Surra y Roy
has anything but a bed of roses. A new class of credi-
tors, too, have come forward, claiming preference of
payment. We allude to those natives of Spain who
supplied the Christian Government with ignds during
the civil war, under the shape of forced "'loans." We
cannot admit that these parties have any right of pre-
ference whatever over the foreign creditors, to whom
the revenues of the State stand unequivocally pledged in
security ; neither do we believe that the Spanish Minis-
ter of Finance meditates any postponement of payment
of the interest on the Indemnity Bonds, or of the appro-
priation of the balance of the 60,000,000 reals to the
liquidation of the interest of 3 per cent. on the Coupons
of the debt to be capitalized. The upright and firm
conduct of M. Surra y Bull are the best guarantees that
he will persevere in the same course of public faith to-
wards the foreign bondholders that has distinguished his
career since he came into office.
TIMES.—The result of the payments of the 4th has
been remarked among the discount houses as having
passed over extremely well, notwithstanding the demand
whiCh was current for money throughout • the week.
This is one evidence that the retail trade of the country
is in7a healthy condition, as it is chiefly the paper run-
ning in this trade that falls due at this particular period.
Our advices from the Mauritius state that the news
received there respecting the Chinese expedition was to
the effect that a misunderstanding had occurred between
Captain Elliot and Sir J. Gordon Bremer, which led to
the latter returning to Calcutta to require reinforcements,
he being of opinion that coercion was- necessary to bring
the Chinese authorities to a sense of their duty, while
Captain Elliot thought that conciliation would effect
everything, not only to the extent of carrying on the
trade with European nations, but also to the final re-
conciliation of the English and Chinese Powers. It is
said in these accounts that the representations of Sir J.
Gordon Bremer had met the entire approval of the
Governor-General of India, who had been invested with
full powers to order Sir J. Gordon Bremer to act as the
Co-Plenipotentiary of Captain Elliot till the arrival of
Admiral Sir G. Parker.

The Indian papers received by the-Overland Mail con-
tain a full account of the monthly report of the meeting
of the Agricultural Society in May last. The principal
communication made was the report of the Government
Botanical Garden at Saharunpore, by which it appeared
that in complianc3 with Lord Auckland's orders, large
parties of collectors had been sent out early in the seed
season of 1839 to the Ilimmalaya, who had made a valu-
able collection of seeds. In 1838 upwards of 500 species '
were sent from- the Himmalayas to England, but most
of them were considered unworthy attention, while in
the next year the seeds were selected rather on account
of their choice quality than for the sake of obtainine•
.Ariety. Ivrarlynll these germinated successfully,
and the different kinds of Himmalaya pine had flourished
almost in every instance, both in Great Britain and Ire-
land, as far north as Tessa, and south as Cornwall, the
severity of winter having left the seedlings unin-
jured. The lucerne sent from Candahar and the
Atfgban clover had likewise flourished in Eng-
land ; but the latter, which is said to be im-
portant on account of its luxuriance and the avidity
with which it is sought for by cattle, had not attracted
much attention. By the superintendent of the botanical
garden a constant succession of useful seeds, agricultural,
vegetable, and medicinal, had been received both from
the India House and other parts. The carob tree, the
seeds of which are eaten in Syria, was found to thrive,
and expected to prove of great benefit to the poorer
classes in India. Egyptian wheat had likewise proved
productive, and an assortment of seeds from Switzerland
had been found superior to articles of the same sort
hitherto cultivated in India. An experiment had been
tried which augured well for the cultivation of cotton.
Some specimens of soil from theisland of Cheduba had
been analyzed, as well as some specimens of American
soil, and they were found to be precisely identical. In a
few years it was expected that the island and its vicinity
would produce cotton equal to the very best in America.
All these facts, which transpired at the meeting, tend to
illustrate the great and progressive development of which
our Indian possessions are susceptible, and the continu-
ally new sources that may be opened in them, provided
they are allowed every fair advantage.
POST.—With the exception of Spanish nothing has
been done in foreign stock. The first quotation was
221, which fell immediately afterwards to 22, and it
remained At that price until nearly the close of the
market, when a desperate attempt was snceessfiilly made,
by which the price was raised nominallyto 224 to 22+, at
which it closed. The expose of the plan to entrap a few
unwary purchasers has had the desired effect of prevent-
ing any one being taken in by the supposition that the
Government was about to make a payment on account of
the long standing debt, and that the present rise was
nothing else than a desperate attempt of a few speculators
to raise the prices, and make money out of their dupes.
The only parties really interested in these Securities, or
in any other of the bankrupt countries, are those who
really held the documents at the time of the insolvency.
It is for them and the *Government to come to an arrnge-
meta. The law here, and a 'just one, precludes the
holders of notes of a bankrupt to prove for more than he
• actually paid for them. • This evil is much increased by
such bonds being allowed to be quoted, since it induces
• the belief that some respectability is still attached to
them. Meanwhile the agent is the only one who reaps
any benefit, by charging a commission for endeavouring
to effect the conversion, &c.
Commercial bills which fell due on Saturday were all
promptly met, with the exception of some acceptances
by a toreigh house, which, it was understood, would be
protested to-day ; the amount of the engagements, how-
ever, is not large.
SUN.—The markets are comparatively quiet at present,
but prices show little tendency to move either one way
or the other. In the English market neither specula-
tion nor investments are at all brisk, and the closing of
the transfer books limits the channels of business. Con-
, sols for immediate transfer brought 89t to 4, and for
Account 99 -to 90. Exchequer Bills were 13s. to 15s.
. prem., and East. India Bonds 2s. prem: The New Three-
and••a-llalf per Cents. brought 98+ to 1, and East India
Stock was flat at 247: to 246.

The Foreign Securities were not so brisk as last week.
Spanish Actives, which opened at 224, receded to 22,
and closed at 221-. Mexican Bonds were worth 254 ;
Colombian, 201 to 2* ; and Chilien, 70. Danish Stock
was at 79i, and Dutch Five per Cents. Old Bonds were
firm at 1021.
Shares have not varied much from Saturday's rates,
but there nppear to be more sellers than buyers. Great
Western Railway Shares were 14 to 131 ; the Fifths, 4 ;
the Grand Junction, 100 ; the London and Birmingham,
69 ; the New, 22 ; the South-Western, 13i. to ; and
the Greenwich Scrip, 1 prem. Brighton were 3i to 3;
Bristol and Exeter, 30 ; Croydon, 1 ' - and North Mid-
land Thirds, 4 discount. Australasian Bank Shares were
141 ; London Joint-Stock, 2 to 4 ; and Provincial
Bank of Ireland, New, 6 prem.

DONCASTER RACES.—Bell's Life in London
of Sunday next will contain the anticipations of Pegasus
on the forthcoming race for the Doncaster St. Leger,
with remarks on the promised sports of the week ; and
on Sunday the 19th instant, Bell's Life in London will
contain the fullest particulars of the Doncaster Meeting,
and every event connected with its progress. Price of
Bell's Life sd. Office, 170, Strand. To be bad of every
Newspaper Agent in the kingdom.
•

- -
LAMMAS WHEAT.—An Englishman, named
Weathcrcroft, who emigrated on account of his opinions,
settled at Caen, and had some seed wheat brought over
from his own country. Among the crop, in the follow-
ing year, were two ears of Lammas wheat, and these two
ears were the Adam and Eve of an innumerable posterity
now spread over almost all France, and which threatens
to exterminate the ordinary kind of wheat. It was in
1797 that these two ears were gathered. If France has
lost millions through the war with England, perhaps
these two grains of corn, sent accidentally from that
country, have made ample amends for the mischief.—
Excursions in Normandy.

VENING
MR, FEARGUS O'CONNOR.

estorday evening a meeting of the working classes
,ondon was called at the Crown and .i!tAlor Tavern,
nd, pursuant to advertisement, to congratulate Mr.
'Connor on his discharge :rom York Castle.
lortly after eight o'clock the Chair was taken by
FUSSELL, when the following resolutions were ?IA
from the Chair

• .
The first, proposed by Mr. WATKIN and seconded by
Mr. PARKER, Was 58 follows :

" That it is the opinion of this meeting that the incar-
ceration of Feargus O'Connor,Esq., was unjust to himeell;
and an insult and injury to the oppressed millions whose
cause he had so nobly advocated ; and that we hail his
re-appearance among us at this important crisis with joy
and gratitude as a favourable omen to our cause."
The second resolution was moved by Mr. WHEELER,
and seconded by Mr. WALTON :
That this meeting is of opinion that until the Cherter
becomes the law of the land, no justice can be expeeted
by the working classes, nor any relief from the exces-
sive hurthens under which they now suffer.
On the motion of Mr. WILSON the following ta!solu-
tion was put :
" That this meeting pledges itself to do all in its
power to make the Charter become the law of the land
—to recal Frost, Williams, and Jones, and to assist our
oppressed brethren in Ireland in their endeavours to ob-
tain a repeal of the Legislative Union."
Mr. GOODFELLOW having seconded the resolution,
Mr. Fe:Annus O'Coxszoa rose, and was received w,ith
loud cheering. He said, although his medical attendants
had advised his sojourn at the sea side for some 61110, yet
he chose to forego their advice, and plunge once more
into the ocean of agitation. It was idle fir the people
to suppose that they would be one- whit the better off
under the administration of the one great party in the
State than under that of the other. He was delighted to
see in the present vast assemblage—not the resusci-
tation of the cause of Chartism, but the gigantic strength
it had gained since his committal to prison. They had
fought the battle so nobly, that Peel with his majority
in the House of Commons, and his physical force out of
it, had no chance of ever riding roughshod over the
people. He should be willing to meet Mr. Sydney
Smyth, and every other man who had written and
spoken against Chartism ; but he should be very sorry to
meet some of them in theileown Billingsgate slang. He
considered the W hips to be done, and done for ever, and
society was now composed but of two parties, the
Tories and the Chartists ; and could any man oubt
on which side the victory would be ? The Whigs
told them that the Queen was now a State prisoner in
her Palace. Would to God (continued the Learned Gen-
tleman) you were all such State prisoners. There is one
thing, however, I can assure you all of, that she is not
living in solitary confinement, or on chilly; neither dues
she take her exercise on the treadmill. Had the Whigs
remained in office for another year Chartism would have
an end, and Republicanism be the order of the day.
They had given the people Act after Act : they first
gave them starvation, awl. they next gave then coercion
to make them submit to that. starvation. The
question of free trade had not been properly analysed.
The duty had been taken off leather, but the mechanic
still experienced no diminution in the price of his shoes,
and the same would be the case with corn, and the other
commodities about which the Whigs in the eleventh
hour set up such a shout. The fact was, that the great
capitalist, in the capacity of importer, the corn factor,
the miller, and the baker, would all swallow up the pro-
fits, while the working man would still pay the same
price. What he wanted was to make all the working
classes producers themselves. He asserted—and he
wished his assertion to be published to the world—that
before seven months elapsed air Robert Peel would cease
to be Prime Minister of England. Before that time he
(Mr. O'Connor) would have visited every town in Eng-
land and Scotland, and procured four millions of signa-
tures with which to meet the Right Honourable
Baronet on the Treasury benches, and hurl him :COM
his seat.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") It would be a rather
dangerous experiment in the present state of affairs to
send over the threatened number of regiments to Ireland.
There was an old adage, "'Whale the cat is out the mice
may play;" and the Rt. Hon. Bart. might perhaps find the
six points of the Charter end the repeal of the Urion
were handmaids, and should go hand-in-hand together.
The time had now come when the oligarchy had banded
themselves together, and he called upon the people to
do the same. The Learned Gentleman, after toeching
upon several topics at great length, amongst which were
the cases of the Dorchester labourers, and of Messrs.
Frost, Jones, and Williams, concluded amidst loud and
long-continued cheering, by professing his eternal fide-
lity—even to the death—to the Peoples' Charter, and
his determination by every means in his power to pro-
mote the repeal of the Legislative Union between
England and Ireland.
A vote of thanks having been passed to the Chairman,
the meeting separated, after (vide g three cheers for Feargus
O'Connor, and three cheers for Frost, Jones, and Wil-
liams. To the latter manifestation of feeling the female
portion of the auditory, who were very well-dressed and
respectable-looking, seemed to respond with much
warmth and sympathy.