The Sun.
London, England, 1840-07-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 22 lB4O.

received at Court as the wire, why are not Sir A 11.11301
d'Este and his sister received as the children of the
Duke of Sussex ? And the rather so, since, as we
remarked above, they stand in a peculiar position: In
case of anything happening to the Prince Royal of
bHanoVer, what is to prevent Sir Augustus d'Este from
King of that country?
ecoming
" An Act of the English Parliament contro:s the suc-
cession to the throne of these realms, but it could not
control the succession to the Electorate, now the king-
dom of Hanover. The marriage of the Duke of Sussex
to the Lady Augusta Murray might be, andindeed must
be considered, legally void, quoad Great Britain, but
quoad no other country. We are aware that during the
life-time of William IV., Sir Augustus d'Este applied to
the Senate of Hanover for a recognition of his claims to
royal rank, and that his application was refused to be
entertained on the ground that the conti.igency which
might render this discussion necessary had not arrived.
But should this prevent Sir Augustus at once assuming
the style and title of a Prince of Hanover ? He is the
Eon—as far as that country is concerned—the legal
royal son of the King's brother, and, failing his cousin
and his issue male, heir to the throne.
" This is the inevitable conclusion, from considering
the position of the Duchess of Inverness at Court. It
she be the wife of the Duke of Sussex, thsn also was
Lady Augusta Murray his wile ; and then also, as re-
gards Hanover, is Sir Augustus d'Este his legitimate
son ? If Sir Augustus d'Este is not so, then is there
no legal union between the Duchess of Inverness and
the Dul,e of Sussex, and the elevation and presence at
Court of her Grace is a bitter mockery.
" We have been led into these reflections by an extra-
ordinary passage from the most solemn of all docu-
ments to which man can be supposed to set his seal—
particularly when such be executed under the impres-
sion that he is on the point of quitting life, and render.
ing in another world an account of his actions in this—
we mean that written deposition known as a " last will

and testament. "
We really think that this subject is entitled to the
gravest consideration.

COURT OF EXCISE-TUESDAY.

(Before Sir JOHN MORTLOCK, Chairman ; the Hon.
BERKELEY PAGET, and THOMAS HARRISON, Esqrs.)
ADULTERATION OF BEER—HEAVY PENALTIES.—
John Hudson, of the Curriers' Arms, New Church-
court, Strand, appeared to answer an information,
charging him with adulterating his beer.
Mr. John Garey, a surveyor of Excise, stated that he
went to the defendant's house on the 17th of June to
examine the beer. On tasting it, witness found it
much adulterated. A person named Hartley was
acting as landlord, who denied that anything but finings
had been put in. On searching the cellar, witness
found a parcel containing two pounds of burnt sugar.
Witness then sent for Golding Bird, another officer,
and they took samples. The defendent, on being
spoken to, admitted the beer had been adulterated, but
said it should be discontinued ; at the same time charg-
ing the blame on Hartley.
The COURT reminded the defendant that ho was
liable for the acts of his servant, and fined him one
hundred pounds.
William Kemp, of the Seven Dials, Great St. An-
draws-street, Seven Dials, was charged upon a similar
information, found guilty, and fined one hundred pounds.
COMPROMISES WITH THE COURT.—lnformations
which had been laid against Hezekiah Lane, of the
Three Lads, Minories ; John Charles Hudd, of the
Canning's Head, Sydney-street, Commercial.roa.d ; and
Jabez Ashton, of the White Hart, Fetter-lane, for
adulteration of their beer, were withdrawn, in conse-
quence of the defendants having petitioned the Court,
pleading guilty to the offence, and paid the penalties.
In the case of John Charles Brine, of the Black-
smith's Arms, Backchurch-lane, Whitechapel, who at a
former sitting was fined one hundred pounds for adul-
eration, the Court in consideration of his poverty re-
mitted the penalty to 201.

COINCIDENCE BET WEEN THE
PULSATION OF THE HUMAN BODY AND
THE HOUR OF THE DAY.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR-The coincidence between the hour of the day and
the pulsation of the human frame may be unknown to
many of your readers, and as it is illustrated by a very
simple experiment, which any one may put to the test,
perhaps you will allow me a fraction of one of your co-
lumns, in order to call their attention to it.
Seat yourself at a table, having placed your elbow on
the table, attach a piece of metal (say a shilling) to a
thread, hold the thread between the points of the thumb
and first finger, and allow the shilling to hang suspended
in the centre of a tumbler glass: the pulse will imme-
diately cause the shilling to vibrate like a pendulum, and
the vibration will• increase until the shilling strike the side
of the glass; and snppose the time of the expc►imcnt be
that hour at which I am writing—between half-past six and
half-past smell o'clock—it will so strike the glass seven
times, and having done so, lose its momentum and return
to the centre.

If you hold it a sufficient length of time the experiment
will be repeated, but not until a sufficient space have
elapsed to convince you it is most complete. I need not
say the thread must be held with a steady hand, otherwise
the vibratory motion will be counteracted.
At whatever hour of the day or night the experiment
be made, the coincidence will be found the sane.
Should any of your scientific readers dispute the fact,
you are at liberty to furnish them with my real address,
when I will hand them a sketch and explanations that will
satisfy them.

I am, Sir, your daily reader,
Manchester, July 17, 1840. SECRETARIUS,

INSURRECTION IN SYRIA.

(From the Journal des Debuts.)
We have received from a distinguished inhabitant of
Beyruth a letter containing interesting details of the
revolt of the mountaineers of Mount Lebanon and Anti-
Lebanon.

The following is the letter of our Correspondent :
" BEYaUTH, JUNE 11.—After the revolt of the
Druses of Hauran two years ago, and after the loss of
an army of 15,000 men, Ibrahim Pacha, not being
able to subdue the insurgents, cunningly sought to ac-
complish his object by turning the Christians against
them, as mountaineers habituated to guerilla warfare.
You know the issue, the pardon granted to the rebels,
and the honours which were obtained by Chebly-el•Bc-
rean, the promoter and leader of the revolt. In re-
compense of the important service then rendered to
the Pacha by the Christians, Mehemet Ali issued a
firman granting them 24,000 muskets, and pro-
mised that the impositions upon them should not be
heavier than those taken by the Sultan. The arms
were for them, for their children, and their children's
children, according to the expression employed. The
Christians, like all the mountaineers, having been dis-
armed after the Egyptian possession, received this
mark of confidence from him whom they were accus-
tomed to consider their legitimate Sovereign, with un-
equivocal demonstrations of joy and gratitude ; it
made them for some time forget the exactions by
which they were oppressed. The public works and
imposts under which the unfortunate inhabitants of Le-
banon groaned, weighed them down more and mare,
and we watch with grief the march of misery. The
outskirt towns became daily crowded with ber,rs
from the mountains. Some European usurers took ad-
vantage of their wants, and deprived them even of the
bread destined for their progeny. They lent the unhappy
peasants certain sums, on condition of the delivery of
the coming harvest of cotton, corn, &c., giving them
not more than half the real value, and snaking them
pay interest at the rate of from 40 to 50 per cent. 'Pie
harvest arrived ; the debtor was unable to pay the quan-
tity stipulated ; the quantity deficient was valued ac-
cording to the price of the day, and their creditors
compelled them to sign new contracts on the same foot-
ing for the coming year.
" The poor wretches saw the gulf into which they
were plunging, but they were obliged to pay the im-
positions, or to suffer the lash. They chose rather to
die of hunger than of blows, and this it was which rt.
duced the mountaineers of Naplouse, Nazareth, Sze.,
to such a state of misery, that the Consuls wrote that
whole villages were deserted, the people escaping to the
mountains where they actually lived upon grass. The
system of solidarty,' as it is called, by which each man
is responsible for his neighbour's impost, and one vil-
lage answerable for another, reduced the population to
an extreme of wretched.,ess perfectly incredible. Their
despair may be imagined at the time when news arrived
in Syria that the Christians in Egypt were enrolled in
the National Guard. The professors of that faith had
always been exempted from military duty of any kind.
The entire population of Syria instantly fled to the
mountains, and this enormous migration was effected
in a single day, and there they remained until they
learned that their fears were premature. They gra-
dually returned to their homes, and tranquillity was
nearly restored, when the Government published that
most absurd and impolitic order, which required the
inhabitants to deliver up their arms, and t 3 pay the
impositions for seven years in advance. Stupefaction
succeeded this act of madness.

The mountaineers long expected to be driven to ex-
tremities ; they fraternised with the Druses, their sworn
enemies in religion. Reserves were posted in ail the
churches, and when the Egyptian Government threw
off the mask, the priests, who had secretly prepared
for revolt, spoke out, and boldly. From the evangelical
pulpit they summoned the people to rise. The same
pet sons who had so often invoked God's curse on the
Druses and the Motualis, called them their children,
and prescribed to tie Christians, in the name of the
Saviour, to look upon them as brothers. The explosion
took place on the ::oth of May.
" Under the pretext of the plague which 'prevailed
at Damascus, the Governor of Beyruth had that same
Gay ordered
that a cordon sanityre of 300 or 400
troops should surround the town, to stop communica-
tion with the exterior ; the mountaineers saw in this
measure, which appeared contrary to policy, the de-
sign of excluding them from the town, and to hinder
them from knowing- wbo worked against them for the

rising of the national guards. At eleven at night of
this same day, spies announced to the governor, Mali-
(flout Bey, that the peat.ants intead,ed 0 attack the
cordon in a few hours ; he imiiiediately ordered the
troops that formed it to re-enter the town ; he thus
saved them from massacre ; for the mountaineers
came., as the spies had said, and returnesl from
thence, finding nobody. Since that there has been
nothing heard of the cordon. The next day 500 very
ill-armed mountaineers attacked the Lazaretto, that is
situated half a league from the tower ; from our ter-
races we saw the assault they fruitlessly gave to this
edifice, which was defended by 200 soldiers ; the fol-
lowing day they again repeated, without success, the
same attack. The design of the insurgents was to take
the soldiers, and to oblige them to deliver up to them
their arms, of which they have great need, for they
want all kinds of them. This is the weak side of the
rebellion ; lead is also very scarce. These poor people
reserve their fire, and only use it when their aim is
sure. As for powder they make it themselves. The
attack of the Lazaretto caused the (loath of ten indi-
viduals, killed on one side or the other. Since that
time the number of insurgents who are at our gates
is increased to nearly two thousand ; they are en-
camped at three quarters of a league from the town, on
the other side of the river of Beyruth. All the villages
of Anti-Lebanon have revolted, the government posts
are all intercepted, and the despatches read. The rebels
show the greatest respect for all that belongs to the
Europeans ; the English posts of Damascus and Aleppo,
which had a great deal of corn with them, have been
convoyed by the insurgents, in order that nothing should
happen to them. From stage to stage, the conductors
changed, until they arrived at their destination. What
is remarkable in this is, that the poor people want bread,
having lived for some time on herbs. They have had
the good fortune to take a convoy of flour belonging to
the Government ; among the sacks were some for the
English Consul. As soon as it was known, they de-
sired him to send for them, and remitted them un-
touched to his janissary. There afterwards arrived for
them 150 camel loads of corn, which the insurgents of
Balbac sent them as a present ; telling them, that as
soon as these provisions should be at an end, they
should let them know, and they would renew them.
The insurgents from hence have sent a circular to all
the European Consuls, warning them to provide their
convoys with a safe conduct, and that protection and
support should be granted to them, which has taken
place. All that belongs to us is escorted from one band
to the other of the insurgents, who arc also scattered
so as to embrace a great deal of country, to their desti-
nation. Yesterday they sent word to the French Con-
;ul to appoint a rendezvous, saying that they had some-
hing very important to communicate to him. He re-
'used to accede to their request.

" The day before yesterday the steam-boat Nile ar-
rived at Seyde, with despatches for Mehemet Ali ; im-
mediately Ali Bey, the spy imposed by Ibrahim Pacha
on Soliman Pacha, with the rank of aide-de-camp, at-
tached to his particular service, set out for Ebteldin,
the residence of the Emir Bechir (the Prince of the
Mountain), who despatched yesterday his son, the
Emir Emin, on a mission to the insurgents, to induce
them to retire, promising them that their arms should
be left them, and that they should only be subject to
the ordinary impositions. They answered him that
they had learnt not to trust to the promises of Ibrahim

Pacha, who basely massacred, in 1834, those who at
Naplouse, at the time of the revolt of that country, had
made him prisoner, and who had restored him his
liberty on his parole, after having obtained a promise
of amnesty, and that their demands should be granted.

This unfortunate precedent i; not of a nature to inspire
great confidence in the word of a Sovereign : the chiefs
of the insurgents also, who went a few days since to
take an oath in the church of St. Elias, the patron
of the country, either to throw off the yoke of
Egyptian 'tyranny or to die, appear decided not to
accept any accommodation. They will hold out,
they say, till the European powers engaging in
this affair cause to be granted to them, under their
security, that which they ask, so that they may
be interested in the maintenance of those: rights which
themselves have stipulated for. This reasoning is very
just, for it is certain that Ibrahim Pacha, taken un-
awares, would grant to them temporarily that which
they desire, and would afterwards matte them pay
dearly for their acts of insubordination, when separated
and at the moment when they least expected it he
would crush them in detail.
" Their pretensions are extravagant and inadmissi-
ble ; they demand that the 24,000 muskets which
were granted to them by Mehemet Ali at the time of
the war of Hauran, and of which they have only re-
ceived 12,000, should be completed ; that the im-
positions shall not be heavier than those collected by
Abdallah Pacha ; that Egyptian soldiers who desert
their standard should be free amongst them, and not
liable to be pursued as deserters. This claim has not
the shadow of common sense ; for if they obtained
the confirmation of it, soldiers who dislike a military
life would all soon be with them. They desire also to
be exempt from the conscription, from the works, and
from many other things too long to enumerate,
and which render all arrangement impossible. Troops
are expected every moment. Beyruth contains only one
thousand five hundred men. The insurgents knowing
this, reckon on returning immediately on their arrival
to their mountains, where no earthly power can reduce
them. They will obstruct the roads, intercept the
communications, and expect the French, whom from
generation to generation they call upon, to come and
take possession of a land which belongs to them, since
it was theirs in ancient times. The recollection of the
Crusades is transmitted as a tradition, and Druses,
Motualis, Christians, all hold the same faith. How
will all this end ? No one can tell. One thing is cer-
tain, that no chief directs, ostensibly at least, all these
movements. I believe, however, notwithstanding all
they say, that they are secretly under the directions
of some Europeans. The Jesuits, who have seve-
ral colleges on the mountain, cannot be strangers to
this affair. There is, among these active and stirring
men, one person, Father R_____, a proscribed Pole, who
entered into this corps after the ruin of his country,
which he had served in a military capacity up to the
moment of its dismemberment. This man, of a pro-
digious activity, is in every part of the mouatain : some-
times in one district, and sometimes in another. His
talents, his honourable character, the services which he
has rendered to the country in propagating instruction,
justifies the confidence and respect in which the moun-
taineers hold hire, and the ascendant which he exercises
over their minds. Two Frenchmen, established at Youk,
have entered into the revolt, which, however, cannot be
really serious until the Prince of the Mountain shall
have declared himself in favour of it, which has not
yet taken place : he seems, on the contrary, to be
doing all that depends upon him to stop the revolution.
This is tile principal reason which makes us con-
sider the result as uncertain for the insurgent's.
This bla man—who exercises a wonderful influ-
ence over all minds, and who is the subject of a species
of adoration, for during his long career, notwithstanding
t
of
Government, he has always reign ed as
lire e changescief ;
of
the Mountain—has a kind of instinct in
he has never been deceived, and has
revolutions
always managed to declare for the party with whom
the power remained. The balance would always in-
cline in favour of that side for whom he should declare
himself. If he continues really attached to Mehemet
Ali, it is to be presumed that he will succeed in planting
disunion among the different faiths of the revolted ;
this schism once excited, and the insurgents opposed
to each other—dl is at an end. It may be, perhaps,
iet tofor they have the misery which
idsinulcuaccomplish,minonfo
rtleir principle of alliance, which
makes them feel that at any prise things must be
changed.
" P. S. A corvette is just arrived from Alexan'iria
with despatches for the French Consul. Lett:‘rs from
Tripoli announce that the population of the nei4hbour-
ing mountains are ready, and only wait for the signal
to rise. The report is current in town that at this
moment a man, who has anticipated the English post,
has announced that the city of Damascus has revolted.
We have no time to verity the fact, for it is two
o'clock, and the steam-boat leaves at three. The Emir
Emia has just set out again to announce to his brother
that the insurgents have refused to follow his orders,
and that they insist on the conditions of which we have
spoken above, which they will have guaranteed by the
European Powers. They are now giving themselves
up to very noisy rejoicings on account of the expected
arrival of the 11 rillanle, which they say is to bring them
succours of provisions and support. They believe that
Europe will protect them."

---
SPIRIT of the PUbLIC JOURNALS
FROM THE MORNING PAPRRS CF THIS DAY.

Those Loyetita a toute
--....--_
(From the Morning Chronicle.)
eprenve, the orators of the
Dublin "rixire.tion, threaten to turn
I?epcalers, if their
C
ancient meropolv of plunder and domination shall he dis-
turbed by the Leeislature. " Perhaps, in the long run,"
says Mr:---
Than; on, the butcher. at their last qiierierly
assembly, " Mr. O'Connell and I don't differ so much, if
our views were truly and honestly expressed." In what
pa
light Mr. O'Connell may be disposed to view this 6'oi
compliment we know not : but it, is net the first time that
the same boasted pillars of British connection have declared
themselves ready to join him in the read attempt to dissolve
it. In 1832, when Mr. Secretary Stanley reluctantly
brought in that stingy measure of Parliamentary ,
Reform for Ireland, which even then " his poor heart
would fain deny, but dare not," and which he has lately
made so desperate and profligate an effort to destroy, the
worthies of the Dublin corporation swore mosthorribly
that they would flkg British connection to the winds, the
mement it ceased -to protect the abuses by which they
flourished. One of their Sheriffs led a considerable see-
tion of Repeekr,
in the guilds, and Lard Roden himself
did not disdain to present their petitions to the House
or leordA, and vouch for the respectability of the subscri-
bers. Since Oiet period, men of Lord Roden's party
hive denounced the bare proposition of a repeal
a; iin act of constructive treason ; but it 9,,errls that
in the revolution of the Tory wheel, the same topic of
a _lita ion has A:0111C round again ; and although no Con-
s:rvative leader of sminence has yet given countenaece to
it openly, there are not wanting individuals of high rank,
to put sues malcontents as orator Thompson on the back,

He is honoured, by his own account, as the confidential
correspond.:nt of a peer of Parliament, " whose consis-
tency of principles (we presume he must mean Lord West-
meath) is only equalled by his love of country ;" and the
noble law-maker has Vouchsafed id pour his lamentations
into the private ear of Mr. Thompson, deploring the judi-
cial blindness of the great leaders of the party, whom his
Lordship conceives to be specially demented of Provi-
dence for their own destruction.

(From the Times.)
It is not orten that we have the happiness of cordially
agreeing with the Globe; but we beg to express our full
and entire concurrence in the following sentence, which
introduces an article upon the Farnham Rectory Bill, in
the Globe of Monday evening:—" The true character of
politicians is seldom more clearly illustrated than by the
discussion of what are denominated Church questions
and, from the frequency with which they have recently
come before Parliament, the nation has been sup-
plied with a pretty safe test in forming an estimate of
public men." There is a certain class of public men
(and we suspect the gentleman who does Church matters
for our Contemporary may be reckoned among them) of
whom this is peculiarly true. The type and representa-
tive of the genus is our old acquaintance the "Friend of
Humanity," who laments with so much pathos over the
wrongs of the knifegrinder, till his client shows a dispo-
tition to test his professions of regard by asking for some-
thing like a substantial benefit. The effect upon the
" Friend of Humanity" is instantaneous. He " kicks the
knifegrinder, overturns his wheel, and exit in a transport
of universal philanthropy and republican enthusiasm "
These are the men who have ever been the loudest in cla-
mouring against the Church. Their lamentations over
the destitution of the neglected people, their indignant de-
clamations against the riches of the superior clergy,
their preference for the poorer clerical establishment
of Scotland, their taunts against the Church as the
obstinate opponent of every attempt to reform her
abuses,
,have been most eloquently sounded in our
ears. And, to say truth, there was some foundation
for part of this clamour; there was really much
destitution, augmented in ;no ;inconsiderable degree by
the default of the Church herself ; she had been a bad
economist of her moral and temporal resources ; and of
this she is now sensible, and in many ways and on divers
occasions comes to the Legislature and asks for assistance
to enable her to carry into effect wise and just and liberal
plans of improvement. And how is she met by this most
honest and virtuous class of Reformers? All their sym--
path)/ for the destitute Church population, all their admi-
ration for a moderately endowed clergy, all their indigna-
tion against the abuses intended to be removed, evaporates
for the time being, or rather is merged in their more in-
tense indignation at the prospect of seeing the embarrass-
ments of the Church removed by her own hands. That the
Church should dare to reform herself, is the greatest of all
possible abuses.
(From the Morning Post.)

It would save-a
vast deal of trouble if Noble Lords and
Right Hon. Gentlemen who have the direction of her Ma-
jesty's Government would learn to know their own minds
as well at the commencement of a Parliamentary Session
as they begin to do at its close. It is quite consolatory
to see how ready Ministers now are in both Houses of Par-
liament to do what the Opposition deems necessary. Why
not have shown the same docile alacrity some months
ago? It is not long since Government people, and
Government Journals, scouted the terms upon which
the Duke of Wellington and Lord Lyndhurst pro-
posed to allow the Irish Corporation Bill to pays.
The knowing Globe, by the way, was particularly
sure that the Government in the House of Com-
mons would never consent to the alteration in the qualifi-
cation clause, made by the House of Lords. A different
tone now prevails. Lord Duncannon is very anxious to
do whatever may be deemed necessary, and even to bring
in a measure for arranging the compensation and boun-
dary clauses. It might have taught all children and pupils
a wholesome lesson of docility had they seen how readily
the Minister not only testified his anxiety to do every-
thing that was agreeable, but also the gratification with
which he learned from Lord Lyndhurst where he would
find a documentary guidance to those provisions which " a
large number of their Lordships would be pleased to see
adopted." We doubt not that these documents will now
be very carefully attended to.
( From the Morning Herald.)
The attempts made by Lord John Russell and Mr. Fox
Maule to defeat Mr. Fitzroy Kelly's bill in the whole, or
in part, have as vet had no other effect than to afford ad-
ditional proofs of the deplorably impotent condition of a
Government that marches4with " reform" on its banner to
obstruct the progress of improvement. No reform is more
necessary than, that which would extract from those laws
which affect public morals the spirit of an unreasoning and
imbecile vengeance, and supply its place by reasonable
and corrective punishment. The principle of such
a reform the friends of Romilly" cannot compre-
hend. It is beyond the power of their feeble capa-
cities. They would keep laws written in blood on the
statute book long after the adverse power of public
opinion has paralysed their execution. They do not
see that laws threatening terrible penalties, but which dare
not be enforced, are the bane of that reverence with which
it is desirable the people should regard the law. During
some years past not one of the capital laws which Mr.
Kelly wishes to modify, with a solitary exception, has been
carried into effect. But then it is possible that Lord John
Russell and Lord Melbourne may suppose a time will
come when those laws can be revived in practice ; for if
they do not, their opposition to their removal from the
statute book is utterly objectless. That time, we can
assure them, will never come. It is true, an occasional
victim may be precipitated into eternity ; but every expe-
riment of the kind will only heighten the public hatred of
the Government and the general disgust at its proceedings.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

(TUESDAY EVENING.)

TIM E S.—lt appears by:a return made of the transactions
of the Bank of France for the year 1839, that the average
of specie exceeded that of the circulation by 14,000,000 f.,
and that a dividend was nevertheless made to the propri-
etors of 14 per cent. for that year. These facts are
worth all the argument in the world on such a subject, and
a more complete answer could not be put forth to the ad-
vocates of our own rotten, and therefore unprofitable,
paper system. It is much to be desired that some friendly
hand would bring this document uni?er the notice of the
Select Committee of the House of Commons on banking
affairs ; the Palmers, Normans, Loyds, and all of that race,
could not bear up for an instant against it.
By the advices from Hamburgh the price of gold
is 429 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of
3/. 17s. 101 d. the ounce for standard gold, gives an ex-
change of 13.7, and the exchange at Hamburgh on Lon..
dor. at short being 13.64, it follows that gold is 0.35 per
cent. dearer at Hamburgh than in London.
The premium on gold at Paris is 10 per mille, which, at
the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 10d. the ounce for
standard; gold, gives an exchange of 25.35, and the ex-
change at Paris on London at short being 25.271, it
follows that gold is 0.30 per cent. dearer at Paris than in
London.

The course of exchange at New York on London is
1061- per cent., and the par of exchange between England
and America being 109 23 40 per cent , it follows that the
exchange is 2 82 per cent. against England.
There was a fair supply of paper to-day on most foreign
places, but, as there is still a strong demand for bills ge-
nerally, the rates of exchange have not at all improved.
The Joint-stock Bank Committee have received a com-
munication from the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in
which he promises to introduce into the Bill now passing
through Parliament to continue the Act authorizing joint_
stock banks to sue their shareholders civilly, the clause
which is now in the Irish Banking Act, and which enables
such banks to sue their shareholders criminally. This is
the clause the introduction of which was desired by the
deputation that waited on the Chancellor of the Exchequer
a few days ago.
A letter received from Rio de Janeiro, dated May 23,
brings the exchange at 30J., and states that a motion to
declare the Emperor of age immediately had been lost by
a mjority of one in the Smate„
By the usual official return publis'Acd by the Customs,
the exportation of the precious metals from the port of
London to Foreign and Colonial Ports was for the week
ending the 16th inst. as under :

Ounces.
Gold bars, Hamburgh ... 243
Silver coin, Belgium 6,629
Silver coin, Hamburgb 2,500
Silver coin, Rotterdam 32.000
Silver coin, Alogadore lO,OOO

POST,—The position of Spain is melancholy to con-
template. With a debt, estimated by different autho-
rities at from 186 to upwards of 200 millions of pounds
sterling, an annual expenditure of seventeen millions,
an income of no more than seven or eight millions, and a
Government composed of a set of men weak in intel-
lect, and who are intent only upon filling their own pockets,
what can become of her? The means of raising money
for public purposes are so nearly exhausted that fresh loans
are no longer procurable, as we sec, upon any but
the most usurious and degrading terms. The discus-
sions which recently took place in the Cortes, ou the sub-
ject of the further creation of bonds, prevent a view of affairs
that must have filled the mind of every prudent Spaniard
with apprehension. The army, which cannot be disbanded
for years and years to come, must still be provided for. The
claims of the civil officers, a hungry, as well as, from all
accounts, most numerous class of persons, are claims at
least equally urgent, equally unsusceptible of postpone-
ment, and, with a deficit of eight or nine millions sterling
annually to deal with a credit wholly annihilated, the
country cannot fail—we arc willing to stake our veracity
upon the event—to become once more a prey to internal
dissensions. Of the respectable minority who opposed the
last application of the Minister to the Cortes for their
authority to emit more bonds, several of the Deputies
expressed themselves in a manner to shoW how sea.
sable, how fully alive they arc to the impending
danger. " If," said one of them, "if the country, in
an epoch of peace, finds itself with a deficit of
six or seven bua!red millions, will it be necessary
to resort to a ruinous system of credit, or will it
be better to reduce the expenees to that degree
that the revenue me)? cover them ?" " I much doubt,"
observes another, speaking of the ordinary revenues.
" that 700,000,000 reels can be raised, but I suppose
they may amoent nearly to that, with an augmentation of
170.000,000 to be imposed ie an extraordinary war con-
tribution." Mendizebal, speaking to the same point,
remarked that, between the income and expenditure, there
appeared, according to the figures assumed in the cool o!
of the debate, to be a deficiency of 1,000 millions. Senor
Surra, in a lone and argumentative speech, repudiated the
old hackneyed plea that has been put forward for the dio_
graceful condition of the finances. "It is now," he oh
serves, " a century and a half since the expenditure. of
the nation has been mace to squire with the income."
Even Mendizetal holds out no hope of escape from
bankruptcy, if the fatal measures of the Government are
to be persevered in. Its allusion to the mot tgages of the
national property lie says:—
" At the very time that the Government solicios of the
Congress power to augment our debt more than 2 009 nail_
ions, it allows the nnortgge upon which the debt of the