The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-02 00:00:00

tenis of theology, previous to the advent of our I value of cotton goods exported was only 5,9151.,
Saviour on earth. We quote a passage or two : and the raw cotton imported 1,976,3591b5. No
hisTrlie. Roman, in the midst of the pomp and magnificence. of great increase took place till 1795, when
Eason eligion—a religi,n of divinatiiin. oracle, and magic, a Whitney's invention came into operation, and
....,.un,,adrici amalgamation of Ea.iitern and Grecian superstition. since
that period the increase of the trade
1.2 s 0 _ no satisfaction, no balm, no consolation fir the sor-
has been beyond all precedent. In 1838
eta f the soul ; it was a colossal and imposing whole, but the
,Ting were imported not less than 507,850,5771b5.,
principle, the principle of truth, was there a non-ex- I
gent; it was a symbol, a hieroglyphic mass, but, from the I and the total declared value of cotton goods ex-
dl!rnal manifestation the broken and wounded spirit could . ported the previous year was considerably above
Port it uheeiing word—no import that could buoy and sup- .20 millions sterling. The total value of the cot-
i6i"t:_t:lthe surge of temporal adversities—no interpretation ' ton goods and yarn annually produced in Great
k,d " like stari y guide, could illumine the gloom of being, •
Britain is estimated by Mr. M'Culloch at
point a certain and propitious future. Truth is the
j,.algliier of time • though In the mysterious innseiaries of 34,000,000/., and by Mr. Baines at somewhat less.
Zulian and Indo-Egyptian science and philosophy, the aca- The article on the Covenanters contains some cu-
.azes of Greece, the human mind was in constant activity, rious details of the d.oings of this extraordinary sect
Spiritual
roudly in the regions of superb invention and during the wars. They were too much for worn
still the doctrine of humanity was un-
now,. refinement, out Royalty, but could not resist the iron grasp
, unrecognized ; the schools progressed in eloquence and
dialectic subtlety , but individual man was an isolated being, a of Cromwell. Like the Non-intrusionists of
e°teingent, to-day hanging in delight over the superb sophism of the present day, they attempted to make
n—▪ w,t,_ profound master, to-morrow weep ng over the made- the Church Courts independent of civil autlio-
Yof theb,:asted formula, oscillating between the realms of city. Accordingly in 1638 the General Assem-
;4ll,aand error, without a specific notion to impel him (!ri-
‘ei of relying bly continued its sittings in defiance of the Royal
14.7 rid dependent on the reason and authority of others, in- Commissioner,
th attempted in
and when ey
twer on the impulse of his own conscience, on the
, of his own intellect. The weight of doubt and uncer- 1653 to treat Cromwell with similar contempt, he
„4:117 Pressed on and destroyed the elasticity of his energies, served them as he served the Long Parliament.
to tk_e passed through the years of life like a victim bound The Assembly had only implicitly to obey, and
it wuf eiir of an unconquerable and inexorable destiny Yet did not meet again till after the Revolution.
titn,',' impossible that Christianity—the expression of hu-
the "Y—could have appeared before the hour of its epiphany ; The remarks on our North American possessions,
, cycle of phenomena necessary to its Alanifestation was not interest the article " Colony," will be read with
LeeuMplished till the world had relapsed into the slumber of , though many will not concur in the con-
,V-o:eu, ater the exterminating wars of the Triumvirate, and the clusions of the writer, that in some ten or twenty
rae,Tiafs_ts of Augustus. The lordly in intellect, a race of years Canada will become independent, or be in-
tte."l I Prometheans, had governed the earth in ostentation and
co
rporated with the United States. ''ie vanity • the hour had now dawned when it was to be as-
ble,,,q that truth surpassed authority, and that this truth could
`'Pring in all its omnipotence from the bosom of the mass.

THE CHARTIST LEADERS.

BRITISH MAGAZINE.
the Periodical chiefly devoted to the interests of
Established Church, and containing, among
,Qt,iler serviceable matters, a monthly register of
Vgious and ecclesiastical information. The
With ber, now lying on our table, is embellished
a map of the cities of London and West-
toinster, and such parts of their immediate envi-
cells as form a portion of the Metropolitan Dio-
is The map seems a very accurate one, and
engraved by Archer.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—The truly independent character of your own
writings gives me a hope that you will find a corner for
this communication.

For twenty-six years I have been a Radical Reformer ;
I have contributed my mite to every subscription which
had for its object the lessening of the privations of the
working man ; I have subscribed for Cobbett, Hunt,
and even for the Charter ; but with the present leaders
of the Chartists I have done for ever. Hundreds in
Bolton have come to the same determination. The old
Reformers perceive that O'Connor, M'Douall, Leach,
and a few others, are fighting for self-interest only. It
is proved that the first mentioned is clearing 1,5001. a-
year, while he is ever browbeating O'Connell about his
riot. Look at the Star's defences, from week to week,
of the Tories, and of the infamous landlords' monopolies.
Look at the oppoSition which it makes to every propo-
sal for feeding the famishing poor. The Editor is now
attacking all those who have been looking into the state
of our import duties, and is determined, if he can aid
it, that colonial monopoly shall be fostered like the land-
owners. Neither sugar, corn, coffee, nor anything which
goes into the cottage of the working man, shall be any
cheaper if he can help it ; for he well knows that as
soon as the state of the labourer and artisan is bettered,
" Othello's occupation's gone." The Star, which con-
sists of tedious details of five hundred times repeated
" lectures" of M'Douall, Leech, and Co., would set for
ever.

CATHOLIC MAGAZINE.
4-s inay be surmised from its title, this
Ma-
tine is intended to circulate principally
rig readers of the Roman Catholic persua-
, /114/ With whom it is not unlikely to be popular.
itthe Number before us there is an interesting
ril
Nees"
on The Massacre of the Catholics at
in the year 1567.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND QUARTERLY
REVIEW.
T •
setillLs valiant defender of the Church writes a
thaslole article this time on Methodism, and
ere are few persons but may learn something
liota the " Review" of this Church sect, which is
ket a heresy but a schism. There are at present,
f3l'din.. to the statement made at the confer-
, b
131.`; held at Newcastle in 1840, no less than
e0:23453 persons belonging to the Methodist
ii,;"aection, of whom about 324,000 are in Great
(11,-,,,tain, and 693,009 in America. In England
loVing members. year, there was an increase of
So'n‘'° The income of their Missionary
th::etY was no less in 1839 than 92,6971., and
113`Lr., expenliture on this head no less than
4,1:46/, but they are gradually liqui-
)tiirg their debt. The following extract
go; give even to the most orthodox Church-
p,:rs more information than they at present
80),,,,4.75s as to the change from the gown to the
itr.'ice sects :
*he hardly known, even to the generality of the clergy, on
?Lep ground stands the modern practice of reading in the sur-
lost and preaching in the down ; and, as it is an admirable
tholee of right judgmentb and high Church principle, we
,sote:ake this opportunity of explaini ig it. That all. Church
ier„benis had some mystical meaning will be, we think, uni-
-410 ""Y acknowledged ; that they were not merely made " for
fort 7 and, beauty," but, like the robes of Aaron, to shadow
hiro ri?e position, with regard borh to God and the Church, of
kre 7,40 wore them. The surpliae, the scarf, and the cassoek,
that are now in general use as strictly clerical; the
the hood, and the bands, marking simply the University
ehotee, of the wearer. In the early period of the Anglican
well 'nit was undoubtedly customary that the preacher, as
i').% the reader, should wear the surplice and scarf, and it
dsed Irt gradually that the present custom obtained—nor, in-
flio ' N it now universal. Our friends, the Tractarians, would
qstore the old usage ; they would have all the vestments
does e Minister remind the hearers that he who addresses them
kihis° at the priest of the Church Catholc, as the authorised
14th-credited ambassador of Christ to his people, endowed
the mystical powers. andespecially chosen by the Spirit. At
die:allie time—and in this latter respect they are quite right—
bthoVi°ol( upon preaching as but a secondary part of the
elt service. The chief reason of our attendance at the
otie7 of God is not to hear Mr. A. or Mr. 8., but to offer
tohte`47?l Praises, to put up our own prayers, to make our own
daip sslon, to join with the Lord's flock in the public act of Ivor-
Ikr(i and to receive the comfortable assurance that " He
Idly'lleth and absolveth those who truly repent and unfeign-
ofri believe his holy Gospel." Very inferior, then, is the
the °f the preacher to that of the priest, and quite right are
they Tractarians in their relative estimation of the two. In this
IV are in accordance with the Reformers of our Church ;
ki;t9n the other hand, they are very inconsistent in wishing
~heChurch,
back a custom which puts the two on an equality.
the ‘'hurch, according to her present practice, directs that
terese,rmon shall be delivered from a different place and in a dif-
ofi dress; and for good reasons prayers are to be read in the
tee and scarf, to intimate that he who reads, reads as an
hot priest, and pronounces the words of the Church and
oosit's own. He who preaches, preaches in a gown, ad
ore t to do so in a hood, if he be entitled to wear one, in
lifotioshaouNtvhtott.asshoehneohwasspseuainkes
peinr h s
sonalmo'nlaipmertsoo andon
be herd
41„lesPect on tihe'score of his learnin,. On the same ground
to, lace of the ministration is altered': and whereas the priest
hittarks from the altar and from the reading-desk, the preacher
of hies his auditory from the pulpit, to mark the difference
teroe" Position towards them. The Wesleyan Methodists have
i'duates among them, but these never we.ar. i
gowns in
►eTab.
; while Dissenters, whether literate or illiterate, n-
); do So.
Review" also contains an article on Ranke's
44:01'y of the Popes, which is narrow, seAa-
litii i).and one-sided, not calculated to rival that
ti4laut, and yet fallacious notice, which Mr.
AoQ4ulay wrote for the " Edinburgh Reiew."
h t article on the Principles of Population, being
th:vbiew of Mr. Alison 's book, only shows that
the Reviewer is not a whit better acquainted with
i.tis,libject than Mr. Alison himself: In another
am'e we have some account of Thomas a Becket
with his Contemporaries, which being overlaid
11),„ ,eitations and reference is not nearly so
an „msmg as it might have been made. There is
ke,Planation of Church principles which is all
li),,Ltor Mr. Gladstone, and one on the " Tracts
V4e Times," which is a severe censure on Mr.
So stone's instructors and allies, the Puseyites.
and "bine; decent is said about Church music,
latiooriething learned about Mr. Peile's trans-
too 11 of the Cheophoric of ./Eschylus. A notice,
°II the Worship of the Virgin Mary, con-
-114.4„et1. from former Numbers, is very anti-
llierL,,slical, from all which it is plain that
the Church
hates Popery because it is not
`nirch of England, and loves the Church of
4gq.•
sten.and because it is very like Popery. To
N,,lng orthodox Churchmen, ready to swallow
SiSt "ling and find everything beautiful and con-
thee,l4 which goes by the name of the Church,
kte Review" will be acceptable. It is not desti-
ter tel. anecdotes, sonic of which we shall trans-
seN9,our columns, and it makes us thorOughly
tid`:ll3le how little the Church has to rest on by
tale,avouring to prove that its foundations are
on reason.
r,tte
.NEW STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF
SCOTLAND.
coll'lltriber XXX., just published, contains the
thi:litY of Caithness, complete, and conclusion of
1414 °ullty of Sutherland, with a map of the Islands.Shet-
N,„ One agreeable feature in the des-
itt4yon of these remote and cold districts is the
Vrc'vernents which have taken place lately in
the external appearance and internal comforts of.
ZAtages of' the peasantry. The example of
llo,'"„°1(e of Sutherland has no doubt had a very
No," in '‘elal effect, not only in this respect, but
the making of new lines of roads, and
tQht'lleing and encouraging a better sys-
lace Of husbandry. By these means the
how °f the country and the habits of the
bqt'e`e have been materially changed for the
Itoot:• The accounts of many of' the parishes
dsuch statements as these, " The well-
ens neatly neatly kept cottages and enclosed gar-
"ar exceed what tenantsin former days, pay-
Itliv• t:°M 50/. to 100/. a year, possessed. Every
trad Itlaal in a family has some resource in a
tad: °r manual labour—all is a stirring scene of
ti
str,
oh ea., and positive comfort." What gratifica-
Itith tln blue ribbands and stars afford compared
is ? The scenery in some of these parishes
tnlarjd by the Atlantic is full of grandeur, parti-
he Y in the parish of " Ed.derachillis' situated on
no
rth
, -west coast of the county of' Sutherland,
Leiooo ,tnere are about nine mountains averaging
Oiero 'eet above the level of the sea, with nu-
ribis lakes." The fury of sea storms (as de-
ed
Qco Mr. Stewart, who wrote the statistical
al arit of •.
art,- this parish) is often the cause of great
I_ll e
Observer on shore is magnificently grand
,•111P biiiieY are from the north west; the noise of
ck • 'iv's of the Atlantic heavin aouinst the
i1e10.1,,18 tremendous, and only equalled by the
iasit'aul to which they are raised, known in some
I)taQitipeites t° he no less than 600 feet against the
ous rocks of Handa."
DICTIONARY
01 SCIENCE, LITERA-
TURE, AND ARTS.
be
co
Longman, and Co.
ThirdeonThr Part of this Dictionary, which will
,artB :eted in ten or, at most, twelve monthly
~,ti„"lle.iudes with the article " Diamond,"
Lallort Lams others of' considerable length and
tatuin Covenanters."
such as " Cotton," " Commerce,"
The tables in the first, con-
-uhilicoer-"cLatisea-i returns of this great article of
e) go so far back as 1697, when the total

1 have no hesitation in saying that, if there were any
likelihood of the Charter being obtained, the above gen-
tlemen Tould strike out into some fresh version of it,
for they w ill still hang on the pockets of the toiling
slaves. Work they will not. One of them, Bronterre,
is attacking Cobbett, Cartwright, and others, the first of
whom has done more for the labouring man in one
week than Bronterre will do if he live twenty years
longer. Let them answer Samuel Bemford's letter in
the last Manchester and Salford Advertiser. Tint let-
ter, from a really sensible and talented Reformer, is
wormwood to the set who are feeding upon us. But
the people here are opening their eyes, and I predict
that the paid lecturers, who disturb every meeting called
to petition for more food, will never get another pound
from Bolton. Sir, your's truly,

CHARLES BAKEWELL.
Moor-lane, Bolton, March 29, 1841.

COUNTING OUT THE HOUSE.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR—A Sunday paper (the Spectator) is endeavouring
to excite a prejudice against Members of Parliament oho
move that the 1-louse of Commons shall be counted when
there are not forty Members present. If I understand
anything of the matter, I think the Spectator is likely to
come off " second best," as the saying is, in this novel
struggle. It certainly does seem somewhat strange that
a paper like the Spectator, which advances exclusive preten-
sions to patriotism and public virtue, should have ventured to
avow itself the advocate of that species of smuggling and
contraband legislation which is occasionally attempted to
be carried on by little knots of men in the House of Com-
mons. My business leads me to see and converse with
large numbers of persons daily, in the humbler ranks of
life, and, judging from the opinions they express, I should
say that nothing gives the public greater satisfaction
than to find that, as the reporters say, " less than forty
Members" have been prevented from tampering with matters
affecting the interests of this mighty empire, with at least
150 millions of subjects. The House of Commons has
declared by one of its own rules that forty Members, at
least, ought to be present when business is transacted.
That assembly, consulting as it does the convenience of
its Members in every thing, is not likely to have fixed
upon tco high a number ; it more probably has erred
in the opposite direction. If, however, it be considered
unreasonable to expect so many as forty Members to at-
tend to their duty, let the tube be rescinded; but as
long as the rule stands,. those Membtrs will earn for
themselves the gratitude of the people who cause it to
be enforced.--I am
ONE OF THE " UNWASHED."
March 31, 1841.