The Sun.
London, England, 1840-07-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON% WEDNESDAY-, JULY 22, 1840.

the community has been planned and carried into
effect by private parties or Companies. All our
great canals and water-works are the result of
individual enterprise. Unlike the Government
of France, and indeed, of all other nations, except
the United States of America, the Executive of
this country have left the people to construct
roads, build bridges, make water communications
between sea and sea, and perfect public works pos-
sibly more gigantic, and certainly more useful, than
any of which Imperial Rome, in the zenith of her
power, could boast. None even of the great Roman
roads can be compared, either as regards utility,
cost, grandeur, or number, to those costly railroads,
with their superb viaducts, and vast tunnels, that
are now intersecting every part of the island. All
these have been constructed, paid for, and brought
into operation by the people, without the slightest as-
sistance from either Sovereign or Minister. The same
remark applies to the steam navigation which has
suddenly spiting up between this country and the
United States, and Government have only followed
out the example set by private Companies in extend-
ing the same mode of communication to the West
India Islands and the shores of South America.
As regards the East also, the people are taking the
lead. A Company has been formed for the purpose
not only of improving upon the present precarious
and partial line by Suez and Bombay, but also to
provide for a regular and certain line of communi-
cation with our vast possessions in India, in case
of a rupture with any of the powers through whose
territories the mail and passengers are now con-
veyed. To meet the wishes of the-Indian public,
this Company proposes to purchase, and despatch
to Calcutta with the least possible delay, the
largest steam-vessels procurable, to be em-
ployed between that city and Suez, making
four voyages from each place in the year. To
carry the plan, however, fully into effect, they
intend also to build seven large steam ships ap-
plicable to the toute by the Cape of Good Hope, in
case of any quarrel with Egypt, and so constructed
as to admit of their carrying an effectual
armament in ease of any warlike contingency.
This is certainly the boldest undertaking of
the kind yet attempted. The passage to kew
York, and the dangers of the Atlantic Ocean,
are nothing as compared with the voyage
to Calcutta, and the tempestuous seas that so often
prevail off the Cape ; but these steam will yet con-
quer. It is now generally admitted that no sailing
vessel is so safe or so seaworthy as a steam-ship,
and when this plan shall be matured and carried
into effect, the people of England may boast of
having effected one of the greatest changes of this
enterprising age, by bringing even their most dis-
tant colonies within a few weeks' sail of the mother
country. This is a great national undertaking, and
as our commercial relations not only with India,
but we trust also with China, will every day become
of greater importance, it is one which cannot fail
to meet with encouragement from the Government
and the people.

The distress of the Paisley weavers has caused
them to send a deputation to London, which yes-
terday waited on Lord JOHN RUSSELL to solicit
the means of transporting themselves out of the
ungrateful country which has been enriched by
their toils, and, in return refuses them the means
of subsistence. Their prayer was to be sent to
New Zealand. The answer was that Government
will next session bring forward some general mea-
sure on the subject, but in the mean time cannot
help them. What use, then, is made of all the sums
of money for la hich land in the Colonies is sold ? It
is not, we hope, all appropriated by Commissioners,
and persons of that class ? But probably weavers
are not suitable to new colonies ; and one of the
faults of our systems of emigration is that they do
not so much remove persons whose labour is no
longer of its former value, as those whose labour
is still of almost equal value here as abroad. Our
Corn.laws are an immense bounty on agricultural
labour at home, and according to the landlords
agricultural labour is now well remunerated here ;
but it is agricultural labour, and not weaving,which is
most useful in new colonies. We are afraid, there-
fore, that the case of the Paisley weavers is hope-
less ; for those who might relieve them, by abolish-
ing the bounty on agricultural labour at home, and
so find work for the weavers here, by creating a
demand abroad for the produce of their labour,
have resolutely and obstinately denied them redress.
The landlords must have great parks to sport in
and gallop over, which we are taxed to maintain ;
and the weavers must not have bread to eat, and
must ibe crowded in small and fetid apartments.
The distress at Paisley, however, is not more poig-
nant than that in Manchester, Bolton, and in many
parts of Ireland ; and if no relief be afforded, if
Parliament separate without doing something to
relieve the distress of the people, we doubt whether
the public peace will be preserved.

We have copied, in another column, a sensib
article from the Welshman, on the appointment 0
a Bishop to the vacant See of St. David's. It does
not seem to us to be a matter of int.ch importance
whether a Welsh Bishop understand the Welsh
language or not, provided his Chaplain do. There
are parishes in Wales, in which the majority
of the people are too little acquainted with the
English language to derive much benefit from the
ministrations of a pastor who cannot communicate
with them in their native tongue. A knowledge of
that tongue ought undoubtedly, therefore, to be
one qualification of a candidate for holy orders in
such places. But this qualification can be as easily
ascertained as others, through the examination by
the Bishop's Chaplain, which every candidate must
undergo, and with which the Bishop, we believe,
never interferes. The principal duty of a Bishop
is to superintend or oversee the clergy, not the
people ; and as all the clergy understand the Eng-
lish language well, it is clear that there can be no
difficulty in a Bishop, ignorant of Welsh, holding
all necessary intercourse with them.
We are not advocates for unnecessarily keeping
up a language, like the Welsh, in a living form.
As a subject of antiquarian gratification, it is all
very well in books ; but different races of men,
speaking different languages, never properly coalesce
into one nation. A complete national amalgama-
tion cannot be expected, until all languages but one
cease to be spoken among us. Therefore, although
we should be sorry to se- any violent measures
adopted to accomplish this end, we think it the
duty of Government to use every means in its power
to discourage the use of the Celtic dialects, where-
ever they are spoken.
Since the above was written we learn that- the
Rev. CONNOP THIRLWALL has been appointed
-Bishop of St. David's. This gentleman has long
held a high rank among the scholars and Divines
of this country for his learning, integrity, and
worth ; and we confidently hope that the choice
will give general satisfaction.

The documents relating to the children of the
Duke of SUSSEX, which we have inserted in another
part of the Riper, cannot fail to give a new impulse
to the public feeling, already so generally and so
warmly enlisted in their favour. The will of the
Duke of SUSSEX, from which we lately gave
an extract is here published in its entire form, and
it is impossible to peruse it without placing the
manly, just, and generous disposition which it
evinces in contrast with tile course which unhap-
pily for himself, as well .as for his children, his
Royal Highness has since thought proper to
pursue.
It is worthy of particular observation that the
will alluded to was executed nearly eight years
after the marriage which it so affectingly and so-
lemnly acknowledges, that it was executed at the
mature age of twenty-seven, and that it was the
second instrument of the kind to which his
Royal Highness had set his seal.
Fifteen months before, the Duke had made
similar will at Berlin, but from au apprehension
that a will made abroad might not be of such
validity and efficacy as one mwle in his own
country, on his return to England, in older to quiet
his anxieties he revoked the first,and made another,in
which he reiterated those sentiments which did so
much honour to his heart and to his moral feelings.
We find his Royal Highness declaringthatlie
was " solemnly and duly married" to Lady Au-
GUSTA MURRAY at Rome—that the marriage was
repeated in England by banns duly published
" fur greater security and not from an ap-
prehension of the first being insufficient"—that not-
withstanding the decree of the Ecclesiastical Court,
he felt himself " not less bound by every obliga-
tion of law, conscience, and honour, to consider
her as his lawful and undoubted wife in every re-
spect,as if that decree had never taken place"—that
he ever should acknowledg his son AUGUSTUS

FREDERICK as his " true, legitimate, and lawful
son"—and finally obtesting his brothers, the Prince
of WALES and the Duke of YORK, in a voice
that may be said to come from the grave,
" to maintain and support the rights of his chid as
his lawful and legitimate son." Who, we ask, can
peruse this important instrument without being
shocked aad grieved at the breach of every pledge
so solemnly given ?

The letter written by his Royal Highness to
the young Prince—and it is only one of
many—is also exceedingly interesting and valuable
—interesting on account-of the pious and paternal
spirit which it breathes, and valuable as an
evidence, that, at seven years of age, AuGus-
Tus of EsTE received the title of Prince from

the Duke of SUSSEX: i7‘l;lf -that title has
since been withheld, it is for his. Royal Highness
to say. That it will soon be restored by a higher
authority than his we-would fain hope and believe.
We have observed with much gratification, that Sir
AUGUSTUS D'ESTE was at the Queen's ball on
Monday night, and we are disposed to regard this
circumstance as something like a favourable omen.
Of this we are assured, that there are few things
which would give her MAJESTY'S subjects more-
pleasure than to see Cle much injured children of
the Duke of SUSSEX and Lady AUGUSTA MUR-
RAY receive from the fountain of all honour that
rank and station in society to which their high
birth entitles them.

The Paris Journals of Monday have duly
reached us. In the Constiiutionne/ of that date
we find the following important intelligence from
Spain :
" The subjoined news from Spain has arrived here yes-
terday and to-day :
4. General Espartero, so long waited for at Barcelona,
has at length arrived there. In his first interview with the
Queen he tried to persuade her to refuse the Royal sanc-
tion to the law respecting corporations (ayuntamientos),
voted by the two Spanish Chambers. Several interviews
have taken place between the Queen Regent and the
General-in-Chief. Notwithstanding the repeated in-
stances of Espartero the Queen remains firm, and has
sanctioned the law. A courier started to make this official
news known at Madrid. Espartero then gave in his re-
signation. This event has produced a great sensation.
We are assuted that the Queen Regent was not in the
least shaken, and that the ministers appeared re-assured."
If this news be confirmed, the public may pre-
pare for witnessing the performance of a new po-
lical drama in Spain. By throwing the weight of
his influence into the Liberal scale, ESPARTERO
will soon right the balance in favour of the Consti-
tution. Had he gone over to the Ministry, there
was no party in Spain capable of resisting their
liberticide policy. The Corporation Bill, to which
ESPARTERO has manifested so decided an oppo-
sition, was opposed at every stage in the Cortes by
the Liberals, but their remonstrances made no im-
pression on the Government. As it stripped the
corporate towns of nearly all their authority, which
it placed in the hands of the Minister of the Interior,
the Camarillo. saw that it could be made the
instrument of defeating the purposes of the Con-
stitution, and therefore, supported it with all their
influence. In fact, should the Corporation Bill
receive the Royal assent, the moment it comes into
operation, the Constitution will become, to all liberal
intents and purposes, a dead letter. But we are dis-
posed to infer from the present state of public feel-
ing► in Spain, that ESPARTERO'S hostility will
consign the Bill to that oblivion which awaits its
miserable concocters.

The Journal des Debats of Monday has a long
and remarkable article on the insurrection in Syria,
which the quondam advocate of the claims of the
Viceroy admits to be most serious and alarming.
The revolt has already shaken to its base the
power of MEHEMET ALL in Syria. We have not
room for the article of the Debuts in our impres-
sion of this evening, but we shall take care to give
the substance of it in a separate form to-morrow.
A letter from Alexandria, published in a Toulon paper,
says that six Jews, going to Damascus, had fallen into the
hands of the revolted Syrians (who are principally Chris-
tians), and had been massacred in revenge for the alleged
murder of Father Thomaso. The revolters, moreover,
threatened to murder all Jews in Damascus, if they took
the city.
Our private letters from Perpignan say that on the 14th
an alarm was spread in that town, in consequence of an
affray between the Catalonian and Aragonese refugees.
The drums were beat, the garrison was put under arms, ,
General eastellane himself hastened to the spot, and the
tro parties were separated. This dispute was caused by
a distribution of provisions made by some cl:aritable persons.
The Emancipation of Toulon of the 17th says :—" Yes-
terday and to-day some Carlists have arrived here. After
these, who have entered France by the Arriege and the
Upper Garonne, wcro the soldiers who were part of the
main body of the army which passed the frontier near
Prades. They, however, only pass through our city on
their way to the several depots."
A letter trom Aix informs us that a new movement is
taking pace among the Spanish refugees. While the
soldiers are seeking refuge in our country, the
preeedit,g civil and ecclesiastical refugees are go-
ing in crowds to claim the indult°, and to make their
s olutsubmission,ism b
is reuiinnge
d. a t length There sensiblethe A
that thend
ecrarues ea ofg good
d-
number of the latter, who meet on their way the remnanis
of the disbanded troops. It is needless to say that those
who enter are at times plundered by those who are going.
—Le Commerce.
The Moniteur of the 20th contains in its official part the
law which allots the sum of 23,400,000 francs to various
works for improving inland navigation ; and the law allot-
ting 1,020,000 francs to the rebuilding of the bridges of
Carcassot,e, Bev:its, and Espalion. These laws are dated
the Bth of July. —Le Constitutionnel.
BOURSE.—KAKIS, MONDAY, JULY 20.

First Highcst Lowest Last
Price Price. Price Price
French 5i er Cents llB 75 ... 119 ... 118 75 ... us 95
3 per bents B6 30
•. 86 45 ... 86 30 ... 86 40
.3aic. of France 3765 _3765 —370 ...3700
Lnitilte Bank I,ooof. Sh IL'S ...1140 ...1135 ...I1;0
5,000 f. Sh 5265
...5265
...5215 —5265
'elgian Bank
5 per Cents
3 per Cents 77 5 ... 71 15 ... 77 5 ... '77 15
;panith Ac lye
Pa,sire 7 7 .. 6A, ... 6:ii,
...
Portuguese 3 per Cents 93% ... 03% .. :22 li'. ... 23%
-ea, o!itan
... 115 75 ... 105 70 ... 105 75
Roman 9'514 ... 11,531, ...1054 ...185%
RAILWAY SHARES.
cersailles, It. 13 520 ... 523 75 ... 520 ... 523 75
L.B.
Orleans ..
Strasburg io Bale 415 ... 415 ... 415 ... 415

German Papers of the latest dates have just
been received. The following are extracts from

them : ---.
BERLIN, JULY 6.—We learn from St. Petersburgh that
a t esty has been concluded between Russia and Austria,
opnastsbeedmbunyrderers of
respecting the navigation of the Sulina arm of the Danube,
and on the application of the quarantine regulations at the
mouth of the Danube to Austrian ships navigating that
river. The ratification of the treaty by Russia will pro-
bably take place after a° arrival of the Emperor at St.
burialGa GALICIA, itah,e JULYFirst
Instance
Petersburgh.
i ntf.hinperrt irTseors ins.:
the supposed Russian spy Cellak has been confirmed by the
Court of Appeal. By this sentence Anthony Lewizki
is condemned to twenty years' imprisonment in. a fortress.
As he is a native of Galicia he has been delivered up to
Austria, and sent to Spielburg. Gagarowsky, barn ic,
s—tanTeheeatseCnrtaccnocwe
ensatuipvreemoef
cs
cßuueaut
snes
is,tm:i :
ewn
r_bh Pei
nscu:lt aauhiusi
eedk ,rweii
itswl
must
i cchouzans:tdetebhitenee nu erpcds
pass
sitcesnor 1
ilfifteencriminal,
rriconfirmed
ei
ndlyza eblu,ays rs sit
aah'
Cracow, is condemned to death. ills sentence is not exe-
Criminal Court. Ludwiz Padekowicz is condemned to
two years' imprisonment, for aiding these criminals.
P.,USTiaAN FUNDS.—VIENNA, JULY 11.
live per Coats. Aletalliques
Fear ;cr Cents.
Ti,c-e pPr Cents.
B;!-
.eniez;:c Zeal:fig, July I ;
11-. :tar:, ... ..............................................

h:,ovretharerxict'etade,tibnugt,
news worth
was done,
were at 2GI for money.
trOil allFierlii!B'edgopjlu:orrustercialeaaisl,sisiol.ooafdbiteld:oaf eft"hb‘

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