The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-05 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

A correspondent of the Debats writes from
Vienna that the Austrian Government has formed the
project of raising, upon a sterile tract of laud to the east.
of the capital, an entire town, to be called Perth-
nandstadt, ofsufficient extent to hold 50,000 inhabitants,
with adequate churches, a governor's residence, an ex-
change, court-house, 'theatres, a museunV and other
public buildings. The plans of this gigantic scheme are
said to have been made by the Chevalier de Foerster,
the Court architect, but he wishes to submit them, be-
fore being acted upon, to the criticism of the different
academies of fine arts in other States of Europe.
PUNISHMENT OF A QUACK.—In the fourth
year of Edward VI., one Grig, a poulterer of Surrey,
taken for a prophet, in curing divers diseases by word
and prayer, and saying he would not take money, &c.,
was, by the command of the Earl of Warwick and
other of the Council, set on a scaffold in the town of
Croydon, with a paper on his breast, whereon was writ-
ten his deceitful and hypocritical dealings ; and after
that, on the Bth of September, set on a pillory in South-
wark. Afterwards he was set on horseback, his face to
the horse's tail, the same tail in his hand as a bridle, a
collar about his neck, a whetstone on his breast, and
so led through the City of London, with ringing of
basins, and banished.
EXTENSIVE ROBBERY IN CHEAPSIDE.—On

Sunday last an extensive, robbery was committed on .the
premises of Mr. Lambert, silversmith, at No. 118,
Cheapside. Gold and silver watches, ladies' gold neck
chains, gold guard chains, rings, brooches, earrings,
lockets, pencil cases, &c., to the value of 700/., were stolen
by the thieves, who entered the premises by means of the
facilities afforded by an empty house next door, which
they got into with skeleton keys. They got into the
shop by breaking through the ceiling of Mr. Lambert's
shop, and no doubt returned the same way they entered,
as there were no marks of violence outside the premises.
The burglary and robbery must have taken place between
twelve o'clock noon and ten at night. The articles are
most of them marked with the private mark of " Cum-
berland" on the points of pencil frames, the backs of
brooches,' lockets, &c., and the inside of the rings. A
reward of 501. has been offered.

SUDDEN DEATH OF A GENTLEMAN.—On
Monday morning, at eight o'clock, as Gilbert's omnibus
was proceding to the Great Western Railway, one
of the passengers was taken suddenly ill. The driver,
who was called to, immediately pulled up, when
a gentle Man apparently between forty and fifty years
Of age, was lifted out and conveyed in a state of insen-
sibility to Jones's coffee-shop, in West-street, where he
expired before medical assistance could be procured.
The deceased got in at the Bank, and from some con-
versation which he had with a person who sat next to
him, it appeared that he was going by the train to
Southall. In his possession were found a silver watch,
and upwards Of 61. in cash ; but there were no papers
upon him by which information could be gained relative
to his name or place of abode.

The General Steam Navigation Company's
packet the Ocean, J. Fife, from Rotterdam arrived off
the Custom-house on St n lay, with the Dutch Mail, after
a favourable passage of 22 hours ; also the Neptune,
Whittingham, from Hamburgh, with the Hamburgh
Mail, after a favourable passage of 53 hours.
THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.--it was
Lily expected that the masons would return to their
work yesterday, but such was not the case. On Sa-
turday Allen, the foreman, requested to have an 'inter-
view with the men, but this was refused. Yesterday
a meeting of the body was held at the Paviors' Arms,
Johnson-street, Westminster, when it was determine 4
upon that nothing short of the discharge of Allen:should
induce them to return to their work. The strike begins to
be rather a serious matter, as the time allowed the con-
tractors is within a day or two of expiring. It is ru-
moured that Messrs. Grissell and Peto will rather throw
up their contract than discharge Allen.
- In the debate on the Ordnance Estimates, Sir
Charles Napier again brotight forward the question of the
propriety of there being a Naval officer at that Board,
and the arguments he adduced to show the necessity for
this measure we think every Naval officer will admit to
be irrefutable. The facts stated by the gallant Commo-
dore and other distinguished officers, relative to the arms
supplied for the use of our seamen, we know to be too
true ; we, therefore, hope and believe that this serious
evil will be speedily arrested ; for nothing can be more
shameful or more cruel than putting arms into the hands
of our brave seamen, to defend themselves against an
enemy, which are not to be relied upon in any case, and
by which their valuable lives must at once be sacrificed.

- - -
OXFORD, OCT. 2.—The Dean and Chapter of Christ
Church have presented the Rev. Vernon Page, student
of that College, to the perpetual curacy of lifigginton,
in the county of Hertford.
The Rev. J. Pratt, Patron of the vicarage of Wart-
ling, Sussex, has presented that benefice to the Rev!
H. E. Pratt, of University College.
The Rev. Dr. Fooks, late Fellow of New College, has
been appointed to the head mastership of the Grammar
School at Thame, in this county.
The Lord Bishop of Peterborough has instituted the
Rev. E. J. Paget, student of Christ Church, to the rec-
tory of Swithland. in the county of Leicester.
The Lord Chancellor has presented the Rev. Tho Mas
Champness to the vicarage of Upton, in the county of
Buckingham ; and the Rev. W. H. Schwabe to the rec-
tory of Throwleigh, in the county of Devon.
The Dean and Chapter of Carlisle have presented the
Rev. John Tapping to the perpetual curacy of Camerton,
in the county of Cumberland.
The Rev. Dr. Sharpe, vicar of Doncaster, has been
appointed to a canonry in York Minster.

The Rev. Dr. Elrington, Regius Professor of Divinity
in Dublin University, has been presented by his Grace
the Archbishop of Dublin to the rectory of Armagh.

THE SCOTCH BENCH.—We learn that the job
to which we alluded some time ago is now consummated.
The Lord President has resigned. "Whether he is to
be succeeded by Mr. John Hope, or by the Lord Jus-
tice Clerk, we have not heard, but the former seems to
us the more probable. Mr. Hope entered advocate
in 1784, was raised to the Presidency in 1804, and must
now be nearly 80 years of age. He has b.:en 37 years
on the bench, and it is no secret that he. would. have
retired five or six years ago, if, by the of a Tory
Ministry, he had been able to secure the office either of
President cr justioe Clerk for his son. This political
friends have scarcely :derma& their official robes,' when
his resignation is tendered, showing either his impa-
tience to be relieved of duties to which his strength was
inadequate,
may be of short datoll.77lsco
uate,orhisfeat• that tuhreoiffieial:existence oif; the
Tories isrnam_Alfr:
Hope, as our Contemporary styles the-Presidentoft;the
Court of Session, was not raised to the Presidency, till;
1811, when he was succeeded by ,the Pr'senttord Jus-
tice Clerk. The office of President must be a sinecure,
when the duties can be performed by a man at such an
advanced age ; and the general belief is, that it is to be
given to anothr still less fit.]
FRENCH LOAVES.—Much curiosity, wag ex-
cited in Fenton, at the end of last week, by the exhi-
bition at the shop of Mr. Cordon, of two French loaves
of bread, one weighing 1 llbS. and the other ffilbs. The'
bread was purchased in Paris on the previous Sunday at
1-d. per lb. (English), and is of excellent quality.. Here
it would cost 2i-el—Staffordshire Examiner.
A Royal Ordonnance has been issued relative to
the treatment of slaves in the French colonies. Art. 1
of the Ordonnance declares that in future no slave. owner.
will be allowed to inflict upon a slave an imprisonment
of more than fifteen days consecutively, in the place of
confinement (suite de police) of his own habitation. Art.
2 states that at the expiration of that time, if the owner
considers that it would be attended with danger or in-
convenience to, liberafe the slave, he is to take him be-
fore the Justice of the Peace of the district, who is to
decide as to whether he shall be confined in the public
prison of discipline (atelier public de discipline), where,
however, he cannot be detained more than three months,
at the expiration of which he is to be sent back to his
Art.
penalties
txoety:irea:lapl
ereenael,t. yeuo
master, unless the latter should apply to the Governor
of the colony for the infliction of the punishment provided
imprisonment
of against slaves whose conduct is dangerous to tran-
quillity. In cases where the offence of the slave comes
within the jurisdiction of the criminal tribtmals, he is
to be plaCed at the disposal of the Pro6'eur du ltoi„
within a delay of 'three days.
from 25f. to 5001'., to which may. be added
Ordon-
nanceof fro from
no
thene troatretno
f thdays,e for allmasters. in
or infraction
send
st
vee penalty a
thosel ty mfiaxye-
fixed
be b
yl
ALLEGED FORGERIES.--It is rumoured. that
't°ll°e°efistTinhgesleaw.s.,.,-;
forgeries to a considerable amount have Veen committed
by a member of an old and highly respectable family in
the western part of this county, Oct the branch of tlio
l'wviacial Bank of shibl?ercs*,—Cor* Reporter. .

4ire are rejoiced to find men of both the gallant profes-
sions, now in the House of Commons, who have the
ability and the independence of mind to speak truths,
however unpalatable they may be to the Government, be
it Whig or Conservative, and thereby to amend the evils
so loudly complained of ; and we hail the late discussions
with infinite delight, as we augur from thein immense
advantages to both Services.—Naval and. Military
Gazette.
A letter from Cayenne mentions a horrible act
of vengeance committed in August by-a male slave, who
wenv•by the name of Gil Blas, and Who 'belonged to
M. La 'eotellerie Bontouche, a free!! man of colour,
of the Creek Bacamont. This person's family con-
sisted of himself, his wife, two daughters, and an
illegitimate daughter, named FeliCie, ivim attended to
the housekeeping. One' of the female slaves of the
household having accused Gil Bla s of, a petty theft, Telicie
went and reproached him with it. This produced an
insatiable desire for revenge in his breast; and a feW
hcith's after he entered the kitchen, Where' the ' young
sltive who had accused him was alone, atiCitfter coolly
.sharpening a sword, he attacked her,'and cut her
down the back so severely that her lungs and intea-
tines protruded from the wound. He then ran out
to look for Felicie, and pursued her into a wood, where
hemuidered her. Madame Bontouche, who had seen this,
and whose husband was absent, jumped into a boat with
ber two children, and pushed it from shore ; but Gil
Blas came to the water's edge, and after calling. out to
hiS mistress that he had done all he intended to do, and
meant no harm to any one else, prevailed on her to
come to the shore, and assisted her with his hands,
all bloody as they were, in landing with the
'Children. He then washed and dressed himself
Avith care, and having put some provisions into the
boat, set off up the creek, and disappeared. The female
slave who had been wounded was carried to the hospital,
biiedied a few days after ; Felice's mangled body was
'found in the wood, and was interred at Cayenne. Search
was then made for Gil Blas, and his dead body was
found some days after in the Malhary river; but whether
'he had been drowned accidentally or voluntarily is not
known.

THE ACCIDENT AT THE PEN-Y-DARAN

IRON WORKS, NEAR MERTHYR.—The adjourned inquest
was resumed at ten o'clock on Saturday morning. The
witness, John James, was again called, but he refused to
answer any further questions except in Welsh; as
he said he had heard he had been giving opinions
on matters he did not sufficiently understand.
The witness, therefore, continued his evidence
in the Welsh language, but it was translated for the
jury. The only other material points in his evidence
were, that the tube had been injured four or five times
before this acci&nt, and also the tube of the other boiler
once or twice ;"both were defective, in respect of the
tubes being too large for the boilers. On these occa-
sions there , was plenty of water in the tubes. 'The
'Witness declined giving any opinion as to the cause of
the accident, as that was the engineer's , busi-
.ness. S.(pniv/, other, - evidence of an indefinite
character Was given, and the Jury returned the
following special verdict.;-" The Jury return it
verdict of homicide by misadventure. They find
that the death of John Williams was occasioned-by the
projecting part of the tube which fell upon him. They
find, also, that the explosion was occasioned by an
4440.6cienV supply P' Wiga 024 )41,0
orc y
. J 0... • •, •

.:alJ+

;7'.;

STA TUE TO NICOL() FO USSIN, lit became heated ; and that that insufficiency was
AT HIS BIRTHPLACE, IN NOR,MANDY. I roduced partially it 'sough the ignorance of the en-
Within these last few days, the Council-General of gine tender and superintendent ; and they affix a deo-
the Eure has voted 1 000 francs for a statue to Ni-
dand of ss. on the part of the tube causing the death:
,
col() Poussin, at Ler, Andelys, the native plaCe of the The Jury recommend to the notice of' the Proprietors
great painter, between Mantes and Rouen. After two i that signal whistles should lies adopted, which, by.being
centuries and a half of forgetfulness in his birthplace, 1 properly attached to the boilers, would give timely warn-
the painter of the "Ahasuerus," the " Deluge," and the ing of approaching danger." Another of the unfortu-
" Seven Sacraments," is to rise up in stone nate sufferers died this morning, Alfred Oldham, 27
In the year X. of the Revolution, the project for erect- years of age. An inquest was held on the body, ,and
ing this monument to Poussin's memory was urged at similar verdict returned. The interior of the extensive
.premises, the scene of the accident, presents a most
Andelys, but delays took place one after another, and
even up to 1838, no stone had been laid of it. It is now desolate aspect, and many of the surrounding. houseSrare
to be hoped, however, that more stedfast resolutions will more or less injured by portions of brick,' &es falling on
the roofs. Every attention is being paid to the surviving
be carried into effect, and that this praiseworthy inten-
safferers by the medics lgentlemen, and it is hoped many
sign of immortalizing Poussin, amid his own town and
townsmen of Andelys, will be no longer delayed, but be will recover. It is understood that a subseriplion for the
laudably fulfilled within the circle of another year. relief of the sufferers and their families will be Set on foot.
The whole number of deaths are nine, and the number of
At the present day there remain no traces, not even a
Vestige, as Andelys, of the house which this great persons killed and wounded 33. Some idea of the force
painter inhabited. Only a few solitary apple-trees re- of the explosion may be formed when we state that the
main to mark and overshadow the place. Spring gives immense boiler, weighing 12 tons, with the immense
them their green leaves,, and covers them with white- tube four feet in diameter lie about 45 feet apart, having`
hued blossoms, which annually shed themselves over the been driven in contrary directions; .five stacks of chim-
exact site, where the family hearth and altar of our vies were knocked down, the iron roofs are bent in all
illustrious painter lived. The house has passed away, directions, and immense masses and beams of iron are
but Poussin inherits an " eternal house" in the temple lying about in the places to which they were driven by
of his own renown. the explosion. The surrounding houses are also much
Poussin, in the days of his boyhood, had nevertheless injured, many of the roofs being full of holes caused by
a happy village at Andelys to stray in. There was the the fall of bricks and pieces of iron.
Abbey, founded by St. Clotilda, the wife of King Clovis, A man named Boidin, denounced as one of the
for him to admire. None in the province equals it for most active leaders in the late disturbances in Paris,
the beauty of its structure and its exquisite painted was arrested yesterday morning in the Rue du Grand
windows. Often the young artist, no doubt, with the Hurluer, and on being searched was found to. be
excellent eye of the architect, stood before its chief por- armed with a brace ,o loaded pistols. On being
tal, which is formed of double ranges of columns, sup- taken to the barracks in the Rue des Francs Baur
porting lofty and massy ornaments. geois, he admitted his name, declared that he was a na-
The, too, history, of. Andelys—the cradle of his tine of Paris, belonged to the 3d regiment of the line, and
younger years—equally filled his . mind with reminis- the detachment of it encamped at Ivry, into which he en-
cences the most chivalric. Here it was, on the very tered as a substitute, but from which he deserted on the
ground his own foosteps trod, that the exploits of Philip. 15th ult., from disgust at the service. He declared that
Augustus and Richard Lion-heart took place. But of ho carried the loaded pistols for no other purpose than to
all the memorable events which charmed him most ap- defend himself against any attempt to arrest hint, and
pertaining to this epoch, that doubtless pleased his spirit protested that he took no part in the riots. He was corn-
the most, which attached to, the tragic annals of the 'flitted to the prison of the Abbaye.
•
Chateau Gaillard, whose majestic remains had grown The Place du Palais de Justice was so crowded
grey in the vicinity. Even at this day its ruins are the yesterday morning with people anxious to witness the
chief attraction of the traveller, and their picturesqueness disgusting sight of the exposition on-the pillory of two
gives a finish to the scene, and invests it with peculiar women, that the gendarmes who brought the eulpiits
loveliness. , , had the greatest difficulty in making their way to the
Nur was Poussin the first who gave a glory to post of shame. One of the women, named Merle, aged
Andelys. Men had gone before him from these plea- 43, was under sentence to six years' close confine-
sant hamlets, whose names are still fresh to the anent, for forging a commercial bill ; the other, named
world. Andelys gave birth to the poet Henry. Pierre, aged 38, to hard labour for 28 years, for an
who made the Norman lyre melesliously resound, aggravated robbery. They were both much overcome
and the choicest of whose works is the lay of Aristotle. with their position, more particularly the former, who
Again, there were also Robert de Bernouville, and Roger was obliged to be supported by a man in the cart which
D'Andely, whose songs the villagers still sing, and here, brought them, to be carried up the steps to the plat-
too, was born Adrian Turnebus, the learned Grecian. form, and there seated in a chair, instead of standing
As regards Poussin, however, it must not here be dis- at the foot of the pillory, and to have a bottle of sal-
guised that after his eighteenth year, when his fame was ' volatile applied frequently to her nose, to save her from
scarcely on the dawn, Andelys never beheld him. At fainting. They both constantly kept their heads down
that age, we are informed that he left his birthplace pri- and their eyes shut. `Upon the pillory were placarded
vily, and the remaining half century of his life was passed ten sentences on other criminals condemned by default.
among the palaces and statues of Rome. A few days since a poor couple, lodging in the
Faubourg du Temple, having lost their only child,
wrapped the body in a winding-sheet, and laid it
oat in their room till the undertakers should come
with the coffin. To provide for his daily wants the
poor father was obliged to go to his labour, while
the mother, who could not find the courage to remain
alone with her child's body, went to seek consolation
with a female friend in the house. After a while she
was called back by the arrival of the men with the
coffin, and went to see her child decently deposited
within it. To her grief and astonishment she found it
perfectly naked. The door of the room had been left
unfastened, some thieves had entered, and, finding no-
thing else to steal, had unwrapped the winding-sheet,
and carried it away !
To the Scientific Congress, and other similar in-
stitutions in Germany, is about to added another of no
small utility, but of rather a different kind. A meeting
of vine and fruit-growers is to be opened on the Gth
inst., at Wurzburg. Many small casks of the best wines
from the Maine and Rhine have already been sent for
competition, and numerous baskets of fruit are expected.
Toe judges who are to decide upon their respective fla-
vours and other merits will have an agreeable task.
A man carrying a sack into some chicory-mills
at Cambrai, a few days since, was caught by part of
the machinery, and drawn into the wheels, Whence he
was thrown out with several of his limbs broken, and
his chest dreadfully crushed. He was carried immedi-
ately to the hospital, and though in this deplorable
state, was able to speak to his wife and children. The
surgeons hope to save his life, but three of his limbs
must be amputated.
FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT. About half-past
7 o'clock on Friday evening an alarming accident occurred
in Chatham- place, Blackfriars, occasioned by the colli-
sion of a cab with an omnibns. The driver of the cab,
George Styring, who is also the proprietor, had been to
the Surrey side of the bridge with a fare, and was re-
turning—it is supposed in a state of intoxication. The
horse, although going at a very rapid pace, was per-
fectly manageable while ascending the bridge from the
Surrey side, but on arriving at the top the driver severely
whipped the horse, which was a very fine animal, and it
started off at full speed towards Bridge-street. At this
time one of Mr. Grayson's omnibuses was approaching
the bridge, and the driver, seeing the cab coming towards
him with furious speed; endeavoured to get out of the way,
but before he could do so the cab came in violent contact with
the omnibus. The concussion threw Styring from the box
with great force to the ground, by which he was so severely
injured that it was thought advisable to convey him to St.
Bartholomew's Hospital, which was done without loss of
time. One .of the shafts, of the cab penetrated the side of
the near horse of the,omnibits, snaking a hideous wound,
through which its bowel's -protruded and it was shortly
afterwards killed. The cab. horse, also, was so severely
injured that it was necessary to kill it on the spot. It
was reported that the cats driver was dead, but on in-
quiry at the hospital our informant learned that he was
not so much injured as it was at first supposed, having no
bones broken, but being severely bruised. The omnibus
at the time of the accident was full of passengers, but we
are happy to learn 'that none of them received the
slightest injury. No blame whatever is to be attributed
to the driver of the omnibus, who made every endeavour
to escape the collision which the furious pace at which
the cab descended the declivity rendered inevitable.
DEATH OF A WEALTHY MISER.—On Mon-
day morning last Mr. Robert Smith, who was by trade
a smith, died at his late residence, No. 12, Great St.
Andrew's-street, Seven Dials, in the possession of
funded, freehold, and leasehold proper, it is stated, to
the amount of nearly 400,000/. He was of the most sin-
gular habits from early life, and was left a considerable
sum of money by his father, with which he speculated in
.the funds and in building houses, his speculations turn-
ing out almost always to advantage. In the neighbour-
hood of Mornington-crescent he built between 150 and
200 houses, besides having many other houses in different
parts of the town. His property in the funds is believed
to exceed 100,0001. He was born in the house in which
lie died, and resided in it throughout his life, being
about 70 years of age. Though possessed of this immense
wealth, his habits were most penurious. His mode of
living was scarcely sufficient to support nature. He had
no servant, but a woman used to come occasionally to
char. His neighbours knew little of him, as he had no
associates. Ilis house exhibited the appearance of a
tenant not provided with the means of keeping it in
decent repair, and the windows were cleaned about twice
a-year. He has left a brother and sister. The former
will inherit the property, as he has left no will; The
hitter, who was early " crossed in love," was allowed by
him 1/. asweek. She is a woman also of most eccentric
habits. Mr. Smith once held the ()ace of overseer of the
parish of St. Giles, in which he was a resident.
THE WOLF AND THE LAMB.—The Journal
de Flandres relates the following tale :—The. postman of
a commune in our neighbourhood was lately trudging
along in the execution of his duty, acconipanied, by his
daughter, a rosy-cheeked, flaxen-haired :young peasant.
Wishing to relieve her parent from the load of -corres-
pondence with which he, was intrusted,
.she strapped the
post-bag, or portfolio, on her own shoulders. While thc
dutiful girl was thus engaged, a gentleman in a tilbitry
drove up to them, aud, getting his horse into a walk,
began. a conversation with them. " Really, my good
fellow, your employment must be a harassing one.
You come to town every day on foot, to deliver your
letters ; to do this duty for so many communes
must be very fatiguing. I am uneasy when I think
of it. How unlucky that I cannot offer you each
a seat in my carriage ; otherwise, I should be
most happy to do so."—" Sir, you are extremely
.kind,
but I think nothing of it, I am so accustomed to
bear this daily fatigue ; but .my Catherine is quite
unused to anything of the sort. It ,is the first
time, in fact, she ever attempted the day's work,
and my poor child is ready to drop—down, I'm sure."
" Well, well, then," said the fair-spoken gentleman,
"come and take a seat in the tilbury, child ; there is
room for one certainly: while you, my . honest friend,
will perhaps continue to walk." The unsuspecting girl,
whose timidity was not so great as her fatigue, willingly
accepted the kind offer of the benevolent gentleman.
When she was fairly seated in the vehicle, the gentle-
man commenced whipping his horse, and darted off with
such rapidity that he and the maiden were out of sight
in a minute or two, leaving the stultified father behind,
who since that time has heard nothing of his daughter,
neither have the letters and newspapers of which she was
the bearer reached their destination.
INSECT REPRISALS.--A gentleman in Niths-
dale, who keeps several skeps of bees, endeavoured lately to
obtain a supply of honey without killing by smoking, or in any
other way, the industrious insects. With this view he pro-
cured a sort of half cone, and after cutting a small aperture at
the top of the lower skep, placed the one above the other, with
a few crossings fixed inside to facilitate working, attaching the
combs, and keeping them warm when made. Communication
being thus opened between the lower and upper hives, he, to
prevent accidents during windy weather, bound the two to-
gether with a belt of clay. This operation finished, the bees
were left to their own resources until after the lapse of a cer-
tain period, supposed to be sufficient for the depositation of the
necessary sweets. The clay was then loosened, and the upper
skep removed, and turned topsy turvy by the side of the larger.
On examination it contained a good deal of honey and a great
crowd of bees; but as they seemed in no hurry to quit their cells,
he deemed it prudent to give them a I,ttle time, without resort-
ing, in the first instance, to any more violent measures of
ejectment. Accordingly he locked his garden door, and went
out to take his forenoon ride. While on horseback, he right
be absent two or three hours, and, on revisiting the gardens,
great was his surprise on discovering that the breeetsr;
onreturn-
ingcarry the
to their first quarters, had taken good care
ful, which would have been secreted, also,'. g
honey along with them, except about the matter
hi loofna
etreatetumpe-
the
contrary, amused at. the ingenuity of e ae
been given. Nothing' daunted by this texhpert
e remerni,ta,isbmuta,doen
intends to blow the :insects out by This
has affixed tops to various other skepstankidt,ohoennrbemelolovwinsg them,
may be a very happy thought, and one that bids fair to be
completely successful ; but, considering how well bees are
armed, we confoss we would not like to be bellow=-holder,.,.
Dumfries cotror,

AIORNING SUN

DISTRESSED STATE OF
TT pc
G:LNDI !TT:cos
ON3O ',ALT,
TILE
EsTDAI
TlNgst
GTCROEAUS.NTST.
LIVERPOOL v°/*47
-,14. •
DEAE:
wis
NOIGNTIT.TIEEThis EeXveini
t. (4
1 17i
densely crowded and most enthusiastic meeting w-
in the Amphitheatre, for the purpose of memoria /s. the.: Queen to institute an inquiry into the existing
national distress. The Mayor of Liverpool, Thoma
Bolton, Esq:., • who presided, issued the following
3
an-
"t
Having received a requisition as follows, most nume-
rously and respectably signed, We, the undersigned in-
habitants of the borough of Liverpool and its vicinity,
considering it important for the two Houses of Parlia-
ment not to be prorogued until full inquiry into the causes
of the present national distress has been instituted, do
respectfully request that you will convene a town's meet-
ing to afford the merchants, traders, and others of this
great community an opportunity of expressing their
sentiments on the subject, and of memorialising her Ma-
jesty the Queen,' I do hereby appoint this day (Satur-
day) the 2d of October, at the hour of seven in the even-
ing, at the Amphitheatre, in Great Charlotte-street, for
a meeting of the inhabitants, to take into consideration
the subject of the requisition, and to determine in favour
of or against the proposed petition to her Majesty as to
the meeting shall appear proper and expedient.
" THOMAS BOLTON, Mayor."
The wording of this announcement left room for oppo-
sition on the part of those unfavourable to the object of
the meeting, if, indeed, it did not appear to solicit it ;
but the resolutions and the memorial were all carried
without a single dissentient, although two Chartists,
named Jones and Ambler, caused some interruption by
endeavouring to tack a resolution for universal suffrage
to the address to the Queen ; but, after some discussion,
they consented to withdraw it, avowing themselves fa-
vourable to the object for which the meeting was called.
The Amphitheatre was densely crowded, the pit, boxes,
and galleries being all full. On the stage, in addition to
a number of other highly respectable merchants and
`tradesmen,
there were, J. Molyneux, W. Rathbone, R.
Shiel, T. Blackburne, T. Moorcroft, R. V. Yates, D.
Mather, T. Mather, J. Crooke, C. Holland, James Har-
vey, jun., E. H. Harvey, R. Rathbone, T. Rathbone,
Alderman Evans, Rev. J. Martineau, J. Ryley, Joseph
Hornby, C. Rawdon, and L. Heyworth, Esqrs.
The MAYOR, on taking the chair, was received with
enthusiastic cheering. He said, that having received
a requisition from :4,500 inhabitants of the town to con-
vene a public meeting to consider the great destitution
which prevails in many parts of the country for the
want of employment for the working part of the com-
munity, he had, in accordance with the requisition so
numerously and respectably signed, called the present
meeting to consider the subject.
ROBERT KELLY, a working man, moved the first reso-
lution—" That we have heard with surprise and despon-
dency that the Legislature have delayed to take into con-
sideration the present alarming condition of the social
and commercial interests of this country ; that the ap-
palling destitution of the working classes all over the
country, to which our own town forms no exception, im-
peratively demands that this reckless and impolitic deter-
mination be recalled ; that irrespective of all party dis-
tinctions, and united only by our determined opposition
to all monopolies, we are met to protest against this
heartless and unnecessary delay ; that it is our opinion
that the present national distress is mainly, if not altoge-
ther, to be attributed to the restrictions which our com-
mercial tariff has placed upon national industry ; that of
these restrictions, those which prevent the people from
exchanging their manufactures in the open markets of the
world for food, so as to supply the wants of a population
increasing at the rate of 400,000 per annum, are most
severe in their effects, and that no sufficient relief can
be afforded otherwise than by an immediate considera-
tion of our tariff, commencing with the Corn and Provi-
sion-laws, with a view to the aoption of the principles of
free trade."—lt was hardly to be expected that a work-
ing man like himself, who was compelled to make his
bed-room answer the purposes of parlour and kitchen,
could find time for study so as to address with much ele-
gance so brilliant a meeting as the one before him.—
(Hear.) When he glanced at the various countries of
the earth, and saw the hand of a wise and bountiful Crea-
tor apportioning the diversified products of each, it was
evident that the Almighty never intended that one
nation should be deprived of the products in which
another was rich.—(Hear, hear, and loud cheering.)
If left to itself commerce would flow naturally, and the
prosperity of this country would be unbounded. But it
was checked by absurd and iniquitous laws, made for the
benefit of the few to the injury of the many. The land-
lords were continually talking of the benefits which the
Corn-laws conferred on agriculture. He had been re-
cently travelling in the north of England, between Dur-
ham and Newcastle, and he was astonished at the absence
not merely of decent cottages for the peasantry, but at
the poverty and meanness of the farm-houses. He did
not see a decent farm-house, or a comfortable peasant's
hut on the way. Our restrictive fiscal system was the
cause of the existing distress; it worked well for the big
landed proprietors, but ill for every one else. After
stating that he was a Radical Reformer, the speaker ex-
pressed a hope that the object sought for by the meeting
would be attained, in which hope he was sustained by
the Times, which recently stated, that in consequence of
the great number of petitions sent to the Queen, her
Majesty would not suffer Parliament to be prorogued
without instituting an inquiry into the existing distress,
and Liverpool, in stirring, even though late as she had
done on this question, had nobly strengthened the hands
of the Queen.

Mr. W. RATIII3ONE (of the firm of Rathbone,-Brothers,
the eminent merchants), in coming forward to second
the resolution, said, he felt his first duty was to express
his grateful acknowledgments to the Mayor, who, for
the first time within his (Mr. Rath bone's) recollection, con-
sidering what were the wants and conveniences of the
poor, had called this public meeting at a time when the
poor could come forward to consider their own interests.
The Mayor had his deep and lasting gratitude for having
taken this decided step, and for hi:: feeling for the masses
of the public. As this was a deliberative assembly it was
desirable that they who either ngreee to or differed from
the resolution he had to propose, slibiddichow- what tb-ey
were about. Mr. Rathbone said there was one part of it
which he did not agree with, although lie was about to
second it, and that was in the expression of surprise that
this matter had not bedn brought before Parliament im-
mediately. He for one did not expect it.—(Hear, hear.)
He thought it was much more easy for gentlemen to find
fault and say that others were wrong, than to find out
that others were right.—(Hear, hear.) Never was any-
thing more insulting to a nation at large than Sir Ro-
bert Peel's statements that the late Ministry were wrong
but that he must take till next February to•consider
what was right.—(Cheers, and hear.) We were to go
through a winter—he was saying nothing for " stage
effect," and nothing but what he solemnly believed—of
appalling distress and pressure upon the poorer classes ;
that winter we had to pass over, and those of us .Who
were alive in February, would know how we were to: be
starved. If that was humanity, if that was a States-
man-like proceeding, he must acknowledge his igno-
rance of what constituted either one or the other. We
could not expect her Majesty's Ministers to enter into
details till they had come into office; but that they who
had been twenty years in Parliament. who had had re-
ports upon reports, and details upon details laid before
them, and yet could not tell upon the commencement of
office what were to be the great leading principles upon
which this nation was to be governed, was a proof either
of their duplicity or of their ignorance and incapacity for
the duties they had undertaken.—(Cheers.) Whilst they
were deliberating as to the measures they would adopt for
relief, let him tell the meeting what was passing in the
neighbouring towns. In Stockport the payment of wagys
was diminishing at the rate of 500,0001. per aurimM—
(Hear.) In the small district of Hyde the wages Wire
diminishing at the rate of 50,000/. per annum.-.---(Hear.)
In the little town of Kendal wages were decreasing, 'at
the rate of ,000/. per week.—(llear4 Was fliers'
heart which could contemplate and not feel the distress
which must necessarily be created when such immense
amounts were taken from the poor ?—(Hear.) How
were they to live ? 'Where was our borne market*? -'We
were told that our home market was.the best, but where
were we to look for a home market, when the people had
not wages even to buy bread ?—(Hear.) He would now
go a little from'home, and see what was doing in AMe-
rica at this time. He had a son lately returned from
that country, who had been through the Lowell factories
and various other factories in the country. The gentle-
men of those establishments were pleased to show him
the books, and to give him every opportunity of seeing
that he was not imposed upon ; and it appeared that at
the very time when our manufacturers were not able to
make one farthing of profit, they in America were mak-
ing from 10 to 1,5 per cent.—(Hear.) The girls were
receiving two dollars and a quarter for the lowest ",ard•
besides which, let it be remembered, they had board and
lodging.—(Hear.) American food was
low,
I:11:t this
wages low ? Food was high here wheat
ewa
had been
moment from 9s. to 9s. Gd. a bushel; and W
told a great deal about wages, but were they
were
nothfrh high
and --(Hear, hear, and No, no.) They
and was it not a fallacy, therefore, to say
de-
pended upon the price of food ?
honesty of Lord
was true, what did they think of the?
What, also, did
Stanley, who told us it was not true
they think of Sir James Grahamir,
to the New Poor-
law,e who ws.aagidestlia
t system ?—(Hear..)
o ittondthoatutsast
atrhtye
but that he approved
eoefnding
the resolution, and
evils of the country were not
He had great pleasure in
lad indeed if her Majesty's
man. He should be very
"egthemselves in the hearts of
Ministers would enthrone
bread, and he would take it
he had great pleasure in
if.e_l(e doubtedar whetherhear
the people by giving
h a great deal of pleasure, and thank
from the Tories
w:tould'further say, if they would really
them for it.
he should not
public omwigtihi
tiskmn
oelevtitnhgathiatdhnardigilionta
ori-
ginated Before he sat down, he should wish it
and laughter.) Be
e,
commonlynot
think ."mb,ar:asductfilociteihi;
tno go
promote the inlihteeree'es'intseoaf tThoerpyehopitnles,e
The " broad cloth t
spirit in the town to convene it ; they thought that al-
e r beforethat t thlei eppuubbl
though the people's pockets were empty, and their bel-
lies inoartded in what
empty, their backs uncovered,. and themselves
pressed down to the earth, they had not spirit enough
left to tell the Legislature of their misfortunes : there-
fore it was thought by a great many, who deeply felt
for their distresses, that the people were not vet ripe
for giving expression to their' distresses.—(Hear, hear.)
In consequence of this the operatives, and he for one
thanked them for it, had had what Lord Brougham
called " a spur on the toe," and they gave to the "broad
cloth " a spur on the heel too, and the meeting then en-
tirely originated with the Operative Anti-Corn-law As-
sociation.—(Cheers.) Let our rulers look to this, and
remembhr it—that whenever the great mass of 4he
people once took a case into their own hands, they wars
omnipotent.—(Cheers.) •
The DIATOR then put the resolution, and it was car•
ried, unatiimowily,.atnid4 triumphant cheers, ~ •
- 11, operativo who has snuoll (Wag
Se
e 11' di

MORNING SUN

guished himself in Liverpool and the neighbourhood by
the strong natural talent he has exhibited in the imita-
tion of the Anti-Corn-law question, moved the eond
resolution, which is as follows :—" That we fully con-

cur in the admission made by Lord Stanley, the present
Secretary for the Colonies, on his re-election for North
Lancashire, that the operation of the Corn-laws ise-firsts
to raise the price of food above its natural T'veT ;
_
condly, to increase the.yen paid to the .landlOrd pro.
portionate to the price ; and, thirdly, that the peicedir,
food has no effect on the rise_ and tall.of wages ;
from these admissions,- we are confirmed in our opinion
that the landlord, not the farmer, is unjustly protected.
by a law which raises his rent above its equitable value ;
that the consumer is taxed to pay for protection ; that
all provisions form by far the largest %item in the ex-
penditure of the working class, so the working class is
thus taxed more heavily than any other. We are
further of opinion that the Corn-laws not only di-
rectly tax the wages of labour, but they indirectly di-
minish their amount, by destroying the natural propor-
tion which the supply of labour bears to the demand, and
that by endeavouring to limit us to a single country.
they produce unnatural fluctuations, both in price and
supply, disappointment the calculation of the farmer, de-
range the currency, and render the prosperity of all classes
dependent upon the most variable climate in the world."
After some appropriate introductory observations, Mr.
Jones said, it appeared that Lord Stanley allowed that
the Corn-laws had raised the price of food above the
natural level, but Robert Jones, his wife and family,
and hundreds of other families, had found that out long
before Lord Stanleyever thought upon it.—(Hear, hear.)
It would have been a happy age for the working men of
England if they had never found it out before Lord
Stanley was made one of the Ministers of State ; but,
unfortunately, it had been found out for twenty-five
years and some months, that the Corn-laws had raised
food of all descriptions, not bread alone, one half or
nearly so in price above its natural level. If Lord Stan-
ley and all the other Lords, or nicknames, for call them
what you might, it was immaterial to him, could see the
misery there was at this moment in England, without
going to miserable Ireland, it would make theta at once
say, "We must repeal this iniquitous, this wicked law,
that we have made to support our luxuries, at the ex-
pense of the happiness of millions of our fellow country-
men."—(Hear, hear.) Lord Stanley appeared to have
admitted in the next place, that it was not for the benefit
of the farmer that the Corn-laws were passed, but that it
was in order that high rents might be obtained for the
landlord. There were hundreds of men, respecable far-
mers at the time the Corn-laws were passed, who were at
this moment spending the remainder of their days in the
union workhouse, in wretchedness and misery. These
men were in affluence and happiness when the Corn-
laws were passed, and now thousands of them were upon
the very threshold of beggary, through nothing else but
the operation of those laws.—(flear, hear.) The farmers
might hold with the Corn-laws, and the landlords might
also ; hut if they would examine the question through-
out with a little attention, they would see they were from
the beginning to the end nothing but a delusion and a
cheat upon the poor farmer. How so ? Why, in the
first place, the landlords told him they had got a law
passed which would insure high prices for his corn; but
the event proved that there was somebody else who knbw
all about high prices as well as the landlord, end that
was the great gambler in foOd.—(l-lear, hear.) He found
it out as well as the farmer, and made the most of it. In
such a year as the present he had not the least doubt.
that the landlords would be sowing more acres of corn
than they had for several years hack. because there was
a high price for corn. The farmers themselves had gone
to extremes in competition with one another in their
own markets till prices Aims down, and the consequence
was that we could get food enough, and buy it cheaper,
when they were crying out and complaining of distress
--(Hear, hear)—when the working men could fill
the bellies of their children, that was the very time when
these men made the loudest outcries of ruin and dis-
tress. Then they let their waste land, which they
ought not to have cultivated,
.go out of cultivation ; then
high prices came, and Lord Stanley might well say that
the markets had been uncertain for the farmer as well
as for the consumer. This, indeed, seemed to have been
the sole object of these laws from the beginning to the
end.—(Applause.) He (Mr. Jones) hoped now that the
working classes of Liverpool would let the world know
that they were determined to buy their food at whatever
market they could buy it cheapest, and that they wanted
all laws repealed which would half starve them or their
families.—(Cheers.) The old Ministry—the "old aii-
nistry" they were called, but for his part he bundled
them all, Tory, Whig, and Radical, in one ruck together
—even condescended to go so low as to take off Is.percwt,
from potatoes. That was something, and he supposed
every Irishman would thank them for that. Mr.
Jones,. at considerable length, and in a peculiar
style, proceeded to show that the working classes
paid by far the greatest proportion of the poor-rates, and
to contend from this circumstance that the landed aris-
tocracy should neither look down upon them with con-
tempt, as he apprehended they did, nor refuse them the
benefit which would arise from the cheapening of bread.
Mr. LAWRENCE HEYWORTH, Magistrate, presented
himself, on the question of the brea-tax, a tax which
was hurrying thousands to the grave. In Manchester
the poor-rates in March were double' those of the preced-
ing year. Must there not, then, be double the number
of paupers? And the poor wretched rate-payers were
being constantly summoned before the Magistrates for
the payment of poor-rates. As a Magistrate, his heart
bled to see poor rate-payers constantly summoned, as
they were, for- the payment of their rates. But it was
said that the Corn-laws were a benefit to the farmers and
the peasantry. How stood the case? In twelve agricul-
tural counties the poor-rates had increased during the
last three year of dear bread 10 per cent.-- a clear proof
that the peasantry were reduced to paupers by the Corn-
laws—making every tenth man a pauper, and com-
pelling the other nine to feed him.—(Hear, hear.) Those
accursed laws compel the poor man to pay twice the
price he ought to do for his bread. If a labouring man
and his-family spend 2s. 6d. per week for bread, and
being- obliged to spend ss. for the same quantity when
corn was dear., was itelot clear that they spent 2s. 6d.
more than. they ought. The sum thus taken from five
millions of the labouring classes amounted annually to
thirty-two millions, taken from the pockets of the poor
to enrich the coffers of the wealthy. This amount was
taken from the manufacturers, for the poor were obliged
to put into their bellies what they would otherwise spend
on their backs. And then there was a cry of over-pro-
duCtion ! By a Liverpool cotton circular, into which he
looked a day or two back, it appeared that 150,000 less
bales had been taken than were taken during the cor-
responding period of the previous year. This was the
result of the existing system. The speaker read a ta-
baler statement of the number of cotton mills which had
been compelled to stop in the neighbourhood of Oldham
and elsewhere, which he mainly attributed to the work-
ing of the bread tax. He also read the report of the
factory inspectors ; and, as a proof of the suffering
throughout England, quoted a recent .speech made by
Mr. Stewart in the House of Commons, and concluded.
by eloquently denouncing the misery and destitution
which the Tory system. of upholding monopolies had
entailed upon the country.—(Cheers.)
Mr. LAWRENCE HEYWORTH, before the resolution li
passed, wished to mention an important fact, which he had
unintentionally omitted. He had spoken of the distress,
but he had not told them of the disease and deaili which
were to be found stalking through the country. Since
corn had become so dear, the number of deaths had in-
creased in the manutheturing towns forty per cent., and
four per cent. all over the country.—(Hear, hear.) Some
people condemned them because they called these laws
bloody laws ; but if they were the occasion of creating an
increase of forty per cont. in parties carried to a prenet-
tare grave, what could they designate them but as bloody
• and as wicked laws.---(Lou'd cheers.)
The resolution was then put, and unanimously carried.
Mr. CHARLES HOLLAND, merchant, moved the adop-
tion of a memorial to her Most' Gracious Majesty, humbly
praying her not to prorogue Parliament till the dis-
tress of the nation had been taken into consideration.
Sir Robert Peel's proposal was to wait till next February
or March. Although this plea thus advanced by Sir
Robert Peel, he-- did not believe it was the real motive
which prevented him from bringing forward measures of
relief. He believed the Right Hon.f Baronet was too
shrewd, too intelligent, and too well • ed of the state
of the nation, not to believe that informed
eeexisting distress
was severe beyond any to which ourNoth recollection could
carry us. But-what wile the fact? amthhicehdhoubted
the distress, but he felt that the Cabinett
unmanageable uponfe had
etaliel
drawn together were perfectly
subject of the Corn-laws.---(Hear.) In. the very
iris declaration the other day, at the election for of
worth, that his party were united, and that he was at the
head of an united Cabinet, were protests made by at least
half a dozen of the Cabinet during the late elections
binding them not to allow any alteration of consequence
in the laws which so completely fettered our commercial
peney,(Hear.) Had we not the declaration of Lord
Stanley, at Lancaster ;
of Sir Jamei Graham, at
Dor-
chester; and of Sir Edward Knatclibull, that they were
opposed to any material change ; and of the noble Duke
of Buckingham (the author of the Chandoe clause) to
the farmers of -Buckinghamshire, that he would not con-
sent to any change whatever ?—(lrear, hear.) Had we
not all these men belonging to the Cabinet which Sir
Robert Peel said was an unanimous Cabinet and united
on this great question ? These were . the real diffi-
culties in the way. He knew he could not coerce the
men ho was- conneted with to come into any of those
plans which he himself saw—which it was impossible he
should not see and understand—were essential to the
welfare of the whole nation, namely.. to release us from
the bonds and trammels of those who held this nation
Its with. a yoke of iron in the tyranny of the landowner.
e--(Hear, leer.) His game was this :—" Distress," he
said, "during the ensuing five months will rise to that
point that the starving millions will show themselves
ltteuch form and with such features, that my Noble
Colleagues,„ will he frightened into sense concessions--
will see they must join with me in alter-
ing_ e and mending ;" or, as his own hopes indeed might
ue, shall see some improvement from some casual
circumstance 'from the opening
.of some new. -market.
of duty, react will
of fbreign corn at a low rate
ill be cheap, and so we shall b able to
creep on ; and then we have the spring before‘ us, and
the possible chance of a good harvest. Should these
cthoenepeurotrizlctilriceitetnitsitances unite, .1%-:-able to keen
ii;troring ail stip of ufferin;2,-, then I
may be able to duce slat . a modicum of ameliora-
tions into the system as will eatisty ray friends that the
institutions of the country are safe, and the landed in-
terest secure
; and it s firm as a rock against all shocks
-of danger from the feelingsi and sufferings of the masses."
e;-(Hear. hear.), nee(Mr. Holland' ;) opinion was that
this was the policy which
would guide Sir Robert Peel's
....movements.
The Rev, Mr. Guns, •
iapttst Minister, took credit to'
hiself for Navino• in
total disregard of obloquy and
misrepresentation, attended the Rational Conference of
Ministers of all denomination's in Manchester against the
Corn-laws. In the progress that conference he had
suggested an additional stanza to thu national anthem,
which was received with marked approbation, and now

he took leave to propose another addition in the follow-
inc; sines, to be sung in the streets of Tamworth:—
" Oh, all ye men of State,
Move not the people's hate
By your delay ;
But, as you are in power,
Improve the present hour,
Give, us cheap bread and flour
_. .. .-. •• -_-, -:.: -: .-:.By-Xliristreas-day."—(Cheers.)
A .party.of the name of Jones here caused some dis-
turbance, hut was oblig-ed to desist.
•Mr. Alderman BLACKTIURNE said he advocated the
memorial, not that he eXpected it would produce any
effect, but because he thought it right that the great com-
munity of Liverpool should declare its opinion upon this
subject. Our noble representative having said that the
Corr.-laws had nothing to do with distress, and that no-
thing was needed to be done for the relief of the country
in this way, it was, he thought, quite right that the in-
habitants of Liverpool should tell the Queen that they
differed from their Representative, and considered the
Corn-laws one great cause of that distress, and that till
they were repealed, all other plans for obtaining relief
would prove ineffectual.—(Cheers.)
The memorial was then put and'carried unanimously
amidst great cheering.
The meeting separated a few minutes past eleven
o'clock, having occupied upwards of four hours.
GREAT PUBLIC MEETING AT SWANSEA.
On Tuesday evening last a public meeting was held in
Mount Pleasant Chapel, in this town, for the purpose of
" petitioning her Majesty not to prorogue. Parliament
till both Howes have considered the recommendations
contained in the Royal Speech respecting the restrictions
on trade, especially on corn."
..
Public meetings in this town had hitherto been held
in the Town-hall erected at the expense of the inhabi-
tants, but the worshipful, the Mayor, refused its use for
this purpose on the present occasion. The chapel, which
will hold at least one-third more than the hall, was com-
pletely full.
Colonel CAMERON was in the Chair.
Sir J. Mounts having made some remarks upon the
extraordinary conduct of the Mayor,
The first resolution was proposed by Mr. SANDERS,
and seconded by the Rev. C. THOMPSON, who acted as
delegate from Swansea to the Manchester Conference.
The second resolution was moved by the- Rev. Mr.
JONES, and seconded by Mr. ROGER WALKER.
Mr. J. H. VIVIAN, M,P., rose to move the third reso-
lution, and was received with great cheering, declaring
that he entirely concurred in the object of the meeting.
The Hon. Gentleman then read a communication which
he had that morning received from a friend of his in the
-United States, who, the meeting would perceive, was a
man of talent and great observation. The letter was as
follows : _ _ _

"Having an opportunity of sending letters to England,
I am about to inflict on you another dose of American
politics. Ido so, because lam anxious that you and our
Whig friends should know as much as possible about the
state of party and party feeling here in relation to Eng-
land, a correct knowledge of which is not always to be
obtained from the London newspapers. Petitions have
lately been presented to Congress from various parts of
the north, praying for a repeal of Clay's Compromise
Act, and for an increase of the tariff. • During the dis-
cussion which arese on one of them, about ten days
since, Mr. Adams (formerly President of the United
States) spoke strongly in favour of protective duties,
and 'of counteracting the attempts of Foreign Go-
vernments against American industry and commerce.'
Adverting to the recent proceedings in England, on the
subject of free trade and the. Corn-laws,' and the de-
feats which the British Ministry had sustained thereon,
he hoped that before the American nation consented
to act upon such a system, they would have
something more definite before them than the report of
a House of Commons Committee, or the recommenda-
tions of an English Administration. Let Great Britain
set the example of free trade, and it would then be time
enough for America to meet her in a like spirit. Several
other Members spoke in favour of the proposed tariff,
and one of them (a Mr. Irvin, of this State), went so far
as to question the sincerity of the Whig Ministry in re-
gard to free trade. The Southerners, whose incomes in
a great measure depend on the sale of their cottons to
the English, spoke strongly against the proposed altera-
tions of the tariff. One of them (Mr. King, of Georgia)
told the Mouse that, instead of quarrelling with the
English Corn-laws, they ought to rejoice at their con- •
. tinuance. Their effect, in the first place, was to raise
enormously the price of bread, and, consequently, the
price of labour in England. That increased, of course,
the cost of their manufactured goods, and made it more
difficult for their manufacturers to compete with those of
America; both in• our own and foreign markets. If by
the repeal of the Corn-laws the price of bread should
be reduced in England and increased in America, the
cost of manufacturing would be increased in the latter
and reduced in the fornier ; and it would, consequently,
be more difficult for us to compete with them. It could
not, therefore be the interest of the American manufac-
turers to seek or desire a repeal of the British Corn-laws.
" But how stood the matter in regard to the grain
growers of America ? At present they had access to
the markets of Great Britain, through the colonial ports
of Canada and New Brunswick, at a very low duty.
[This is very true; the greatest wheat-growing state at
present in the union is 'Ohio, and it is astonishing (if I
may believe some of its best-informed inhabitants) how
large a portion of its produce finds its way through
Canada into England.] The grain growers of the
European continent could not avail themselves of that
advantage, and, consequently, their grain could not come
into competition with that of the Americans. If the
Corn-laws were repealed, the grain of the continent
being cheaper, from its vicinity to England, than the
grain of America, would exclude the latter from the
British market, to which they have now the advantage
over all other foreign corn growers, of exclusive access
through the colonial ports. Thus, both the manufac-
turing and grain-growing interests of the United States
would be greatly injured by a repeal of the British Corn-
! laws. There is much truth in. what Mr. King says—
i that it is not for the interest of the Taritfers to admit it
1 —as they would then want a precedent or pretext for
their protective system" . • . • • •
" I will tell you why I do not think that America will
soon become a great manufacturing power, unless Eng-
land—Toryfied England—by persevering in the present
impolitic system, shall compel her into it. There is an
old Greek proverb, quoted by .Eschylus, that ' Obe-
dience is the mother of prosperity or well-doing.' Now,
this is a virtue which our Anglo-Saxon democrats do
not possess in the highest degree. From all I can learn
on the subject, there is little or no subordination in their
manufactories. The ' workers' are completely masters,
and settle wages and everything else at their own plea-
sure. ' Ah, Sir (said a little master manufacturer to
me a few weeks since), your Corn-laws are ruining yod,
and our loco-focoism is ruining us.' He then gave a la-
mentable account of the self-sufficiency and domineering
spirit of the workmen. The only exception he made was
in favour of the women (the ' gals,' as he called them),
who were ' pretty orderly and decent behaved.' Another
reason why manufactures are not soon likely to flourish
here is, that the same spirit
.which leads men to pre-
fer the freedom of the wilderness to the ' prison ships'
of the ocean, gives them also a greater taste for the axe
and the spade than for the loom or the spinning jenny.
But for the absurd war of 1312, it might have been cen-
turies before the Americans would have dreamed of be-
coming a manufacturing people ; and even now, I believe,
were we to reform our commercial policy—were we (as
Ministers proposed) to repeal the present Corn-laws, and
honestly; and fairly to adopt a system of free trade, I
sincerely believe that three parts of the existing manu-
facturers of America would be extinguished. The peo-
ple, the sovereign people of America—were not their
pride roused, and their passions kept in a perpetual fever
of excitement by reports of England's monopolising and
hostile policy—of her attempts to force all her commodi-
ties on the Americans, and to take nothing of them in
return—would not much longer consent to pay double
price for so many necessaries and conveniences of life as
they do now ; they would soon be as eager for English
manufactures as they are now prejudiced against them.
I have never conversed with an American storekeeper
who did not say that he should sell half as many articles
again if there existed a freer system of trade between
,
the two countries."
The information contained in this letter with respect
to the difficulty of establishing and maintaining manu-
factories in the United States, is, I think, peculiarly in-
teresting and important, as there can be no doubt that
the Americans are making the most strenuous efforts to
supply themselves with manufactured goods hitherto
drawn from this country, and even to establish works for ,
the manufacture of iron and other metals. It must, I
think, be evident to every one how much the prosperity
of this country depends on its manufactures. Ido not
for an instant mean to disparage other interests, or to
assert that they should be sacrificed to those of the ma-
nufacturer ; but of this I am convinced, that if the ma-
nufacturing interests flourish, all other interests will
prosper.—(Cheers.) If there is a demand for manu-
factured goods, there will be a proportionate call for
labour, which will have its effect in insuring to the
labourer adequate wages, and to the agriculturist' a ready
sale for his produce. It is to the manufacturing in-
terest that we have to look for the employment and sup-
port of the increase of our population. I expressed this
opinion some time since—at my election; since then the
census has been taken, and partially published, and the
result proves that I was right, in this portion; for it ap-
p that the population in the rural districts has re-
mainedmosntalstitfriacti,:unrairnyg, tine great increase being in the
towns
concur in the proposal that a memorial be addressed to her
Majesty for delaying the prorogation of Parliament un-
til the causes of the existing distress in the manufactur-
ing districts shall have been investigated.—(Cheers.)
Mr. R. AUBREY seconded the resolution, which was
carried unanimously.
Mr. RUTTER. moved the fourth resolution, which hav-
ing been seconded,
Colonel CAMERON moved a resolution as an amendment,
but it fell to the ground, and the original motion was
carried by acclamation.
The meeting, after a vote Of thanks to the Chairman,
separated.
GENERAL MEETING OF THE OPERATIVE
ANTI-CORN-LAW ASSOCIATION,
On Tuesday evening last, the members of this Associa-
tion held a general meeting for the purpose of sending,
a memorial to the Queen not to prorogue Parliament
until it had taken into considetation the distresses of the
country.
A memorial and petition were framed and ordered to
be presented.

GLOUCESTER.
A meeting of the united religious congregations in this
city was held in the Countess of Huntingdon's chapel oil,
Tuesday evening, when petitions to her Nlajesty weref
unanimously agreed to.
NEWCASTLE.
A requisition, signed by upwards of six hundred gf
the merchants and others of Newcastle, has been pre-
sented to the Mayor, requesting him to call a pvplic
meeting to consider the propriety of petitioning heAla-
jesty the Queen to delay the prorogation of PadituAtent.

The Mayor has fixed Tuesday (to-morrow) for the meet-
ing, at the GuilThall.
NEW DRENTFORD.

A meeting was held here on Friday evening last to
address the Queen against the intended prorogation of
Parliament. Notwithstanding the wetness of the evening,
the attendance was very numerous and respectable and
an address to the Queen was adopted for presentation.

- DARTFORD. -
On Friday evening a numerous meeting was held in
the Town-hall, Dartford, to sign a memo±l to her Ma-
jesty to abolish the infamous bread-tax, Mr. Hadley in
the Chair. The meeting was addressed by Messrs. Cal-
low and Ker.• after which between 100 and 200 names
were appended to the memorial. A similar memorial is
also being signed in the adjoining parish of Bexley.
STOCKPORT.

A memorial, from Christian ministers of various de-
nominations, assembled in Zion Chapel, Stockport, on
the 23d of September, has been sent to Sir J. Graham,
for presentation to the Queen.
FALKIRK.

On Monday last another meeting of our Stentmasters
was held on the all-engrossing subject of the Corn-laws.
The Stentmasters are chosen by the merchants and trades
for the purpose of assessing the inhabitants to supply the
town with water. &c., and they continue in the manage-
ment of the town's affairs until our (hitherto nominal)
Town-Council shall be empowered to enter on the dis-
charge of their appropriate functions by the proposed
new Municipal Bill. It was agreed, at the meeting of
Monday, to memorialise the Queen against proroguing
the present Parliament, until the Corn-laws is subjected
to a thorough legislative revision. The votes were—for
Mr. Gartshore's motion, adopting the memorial, 12; for
Mr. James Aitk'n's amendment, for rejection, 5.

➢IANUFACTLTRING DISTRESS.
(From the Aberdeen Herald.)
On Tuesday last, at two o'clock, a public meeting,
called by the Provost, in compliance with a requisition
from four hundred and forty-eight citizens, was held in
the Court-house. The meeting was convened for the
purpose of taking into consideration the present state of
the country, and to memorialise the Queen not to pro-
rogue Parliament until its attention has been directed to
" a revision of the duties on foreign productions, and it
has fully considered the laws which regulate the trade
in corn." The Court-house was crowded to excess,
there being at least eight hundred persons present, the
Provost in the Chair.
Mr. TRO3IAB BANNERMAN moved the first resolu-
tion. Had he consulted his own feelings, he
would not halle made his appearance in pub-
lic this day ; but in the present circumstances
of the country, he felt that, in coming forward on
that occasion, he was performing a duty to his family,

to his
.friends, to the Public, and especially to the nu-
merous body of workmen connected with his establish-
ment.—(Cheers.) The resolution assumed that general
distress prevailed, and if Aberdeen were an exception
to the general rule, it might be used as a good argument.
against the repeal of the Corn-laws. It was not an ex-
ception. Already the erects of restrictive legislation
were felt, and if relief were not speedily afforded, they
would be felt far more severely. Delay would certainly
ruin a great many of his competitors, and though that
might bring about a time of temporary prosperity, that
would not feed the hungry and clothe the naked, or
bring back the prosperity of former days.—(Cheers.)
No ; it would ultimately bring ruin on many, and might
end in a civil commotion. He did not mean to discuss
there the policy or impolicy of the Corn-laws—that was
a subject now pretty wall understood. It was now three
years, or nearly so, since petitions were sent to Parlia-
ment from every part of the kingdom, praying for an in-
-quiry into the evil effect of the Corn-laws. These peti-
tions were rejected; and Sir Robert Peel was able to
. .

satisfy the landlords that the country was in a thriving
condition. At that time he (Mr. Bannerman) had some

correspondence with the Duke of Richmond on the sub-
ject. The Duke acknowledged his first letter, but the
reply to the Duke's objection being pretty sharp, he did
not choose to acknowledge it.—(A laugh.) The time

was when a man, by sober-industry, could gain a compe-
tence and have something to put into the savings' bank,
but that time had now gone by, and if the landlords were
to have the direction of the affairs of this country, it
would never again return.—(Hear.) It would be time
enough to talk of over-production when every market in
-the world was over-stocked by our manufactures. And
when would that be? Look at America alone. If our Corn-
laws were repealed, and our import tariff otherwise modi-
fied, we would find a market there to an extent which those
who talked of over-production had little conception of.—
(Cheers.) Nothing would bring about peace and comfort,
and abundance, but the privilege of buying our food in the
cheapest market, and exchanging the products of each
country on a free and liberal basis.—(Cheers.) And this
must come soon, otherwise our manufactures would
be ruined. In the cotton trade alone, there were fully
half a million of workmen who had not a halfpenny to

purchase food with. In these circumstances it was time
for Parliament to do something. The question was not
one that could be delayed. He would sit down by pro-
posing the resolution, and expressing an earnest hope
that the dark and lowering prospects that were now
before them might yet be dispelled by a timely con-
cession to the just demands of their country for repeal.
BAILLIE FORBES, in seconding the resolution, said it
could not be denied that great and general distress per-
vaded the whole of the manufacturing and mercantile
interests, and that an effectual remedy must be speedily
applied, otherwise both manufacturer and artizan
would soon be involved in one common ruin. It
was true that this city was not in so deplorable
a condition as other manufacturing towns, but
we need not flatter ourselves that this state can
long continue, for it was evident that the causes
which were operating to create such deep distress else-
where were also at work here, and would very soon

plunge us into the same condition, unless means were
devised for giving a new impulse to trade. It has been
urged by Sir Robert Peel and his friends that sufficient
time has not yet been afforded him for maturing his
plan ; but, in making such a statement, I hesitate not to
say that he neither acts in good faith towards himself nor
the country. Can it be denied that he has virtually di-
rected the government of the country for the last four
years ? And did he not, in rejecting the financial mea-
sures brought forward by the late Ministry, most unequi-
vocally declare his readiness to undertake the govern-
ment of the country, and to bring forward a system of
finance which, he confidently stated, would extricate it
from its difficulties ? Has he not more recently, in ad-
dressing his Tamworth constituents, expressed the same
intentions ? To use his own words, he was ready to
prescribe for the political patient as soon as an oppor-
tunity was afforded him of feeling its pulse. That he
has now done—ay, and its purse too; and is it not insult-
ing to the country, and trifling with its best interests,
after having voluntarily accepted the responsible duty of
directing the affairs of this great nation, and that, too,
with a full knowledge of all the responsibilities and the
perilous situation in which the country is presently placed,
now to come forward and demand time. for maturinv
plan for its relief ?—(Cheers.) Ido not believe that Sir
Robert Peel is so unprepared ; on the contrary, I am of
opinion that he is thoroughly versant on the subject, and
that his only difficulty arises from the unworkable na-
ture of some Members of the Cabinet. whom he is una-
ble to bring over to his own views. The great source of
much of our present distress arises from that system of
class legislation which has been is operation under suc-
ceeding administrations for the last fifty years--(Great
cheering)—a system based upon the principle of transfer-
ring the great burden of taxation from the shoulders of
the higher orders, who are best able to contribute to-
wards the wants of the country, and to fix it on the in-
dustrial classes—a system whicn has now been pushed to
that extremity as almost to swallow up the entire income
of that part of the community, and to concentrate the
great portion of the wealth of the country into the hands
of a few great aristocratic families.—(Cheers.) So long
as the means of the industrial classes was able to meet

this drain, and leave a bare sufficiency for the support of
their families, the evil was submitted to, with occasional
expressions of discontent. But now, when it has arrived
at such a climax as to divest the working-,man of so much
of his earnings, as to leave an insufficiency fur the sup-
port
of himself and family, the burden has become into-
lerable. Need we then wonder, under such circum-
stances, that they now rise in a mass, and demand relief ?
I hesitate not to state that the proper and natural remedy
for the dangerous state in which the country now stands
is an extension of the franchise, and security, by the
ballot, to the ,poor but independent voter in the exercise
of his political rights.—(Long-continued cheering.)
Until this be procured all other means must prove abor-
tive, and the sooner it is obtained so much will the safety
of the country be secured. On these grounds I. beg cor-
dially to second the resolution.—(Cheers.)
Motion earriei unanimously.
JOHN ROBERTSON, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn, London,
a native of Aberdeen, and late Editor of the Westmin-
ster Review, came forward to move the second reso-
lution.

A. WecnAst, Esq., seconded the motion. I have been
attending to the state of the poor in this city and else-
where, and I am satisfied that, though Aberdeen is not
suffering to the extent of some places, yet I am satisfied
that great sufferings prevail among ourselves. Many irt.
dividuals and families in Aberdeen do not get half the
food necessary for keeping themselves in health, and:
surely we all know that if the poor could get more food'
for their few pence than they are getting now, they.
would be better off ; -and we all know that if the food
laws were abolished, we should get cheaper food.—(Hear.) •
I meddle not with politics in a general way ; but I
look upon this as involving a moral and religious ques-
tion, and, as a professing Christian, I consider myself
bound to de all I can to remove the burdens which op-
press the poor—burdens which have been kept there by
a privileged class for their own benefit. There are differ-
ences of opinion as to the mode of removing these burdens.
I think we should go straightforward with this' one ques-
tion, because the repeal of these food-laws will afford
relief to thousands of the people of this country, and
thus better their condition.—(Cheers.) " -Whatsoever
ye would that others would do unto you, do ye even so
to them."—(Cheers.) "This is the law and the pro-
phets ;" and if acted on the law would not stand for a
day.—(Cheers.) What we want in the meantime is to
memorialise our beloved Queen that .she would not pro-
rogue Parliament, that members of it may go and hunt
game on the mountain, until they have endeavoured to
ascertain if they can do something to alleviate the (.;if-
ferings of the people—(Cheers)—and therefore I cur-
dially second the motion.
The motion was then put by the Chairman, and carried
without amendment.
The DEAN of GUILD rose to propose the third reso-
lution, and was received with general applause. He did
hope that her Majesty would not prorogue Parliament
till they had directed their attention to the subject spe-
cially recommended to their Retie() in her Majesty's
Speech. ; That distress' existed in the country was ad-
mitted on all hands. Different people would assign dif-
ferent causes, and doubtless there were many causes
operating to produce and perpetuate it ; bat he believed
that the Corn-laws were at the rout of the evil--h.
(Loud cheers)--aud if rarliament clid not take