The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-23 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1847.

and by which the entire kingdom is subjected to pe-
riodical depressions—to constant alternations by which
thousands are, at every time of pressure, reduced from
independence and comfort to poverty and privation.
They have seen that such are the effects of the mo-
netary laws now in force. Having satisfied themselves
by the exercise of their reason that these banking
enactments would, under certain circumstances, be
likely to produce such results, and finding that -the-
prophecies of the opponents of the system have been
too fatally verified, it is by no means wonderful that
they should demand a revision of these laws with a
view to their total abolition, and the substitution of a
currency on a sound basis, one that would afford
ample security to every noteholder, and at the same
time provide a sufficient circulation for the wants and
exigencies of the country.
There is another reason why the people of Bir-
mingham are well qualified to form a correct opinion
on the question. They are not exclusively interested
in any particular branch of trade. It is not for any
particular market that the products of their
industry are required. They export largely,
but they also manufacture a great deal for
home consumption ; they are as deeply interested that
the internal demand should be brisk and active, as
that the foreign trade should be greatly extended,
and they are too painfully aware that by the present
system the home market is too frequently unduly
depreciated, by the attempt to regulate the foreign,
and to alter the character of the exchanges, when
they are unfavourable. If there is a balance of trade
against us, and gold is leaving the country in order
to pay for the excess of our imports over our exports,
the screw is put en, the facilities usually afforded to
manufacturers is withheld, and those who are wholly
occupied in producing for our own internal con-
sumption are involved in ruin, because there may
possibly be overtrading with some foreign country.
This is neither just or reasonable; it is making
the innocent suffer for the guilty, and there is no
sufficient reason why it should be continued. What is
wanting for general circulation is a currency that
will be universally acceptable, that cannot by a pos-
sibility become valueless, no matter of what material
it may be made. If it was the most worthless rag,
provided it is receivable in discharge of the taxation
to which every subject must contribute, and if it is
guaranteed and secured on all the resources of the
country, like the national debt, it will always be
willingly received, and its value maintained. It is
not the inherent value of a coin that induces a trades-
man to take it in exchange for his wares, but the
confidence he entertains that he will be
enabled in like manner to pass it to another
when it suits him to do so. The amount
of the issue should of course be watched
with peculiar care, and regulated by com-
missioners appointed by and responsible to Parlia-
ment, as suggested by Mr. Munzz in his letter. It
could never be seriously, if at all depreciated, if issued
in proportion to the sum annually payable in the
shape of taxation. Those who had not the paper
should pay their taxes in gold or silver, if they
had not the national note with which to satisfy the
demand. Every person, therefore, who had a larger
supply of these notes than he required could readily
get gold for them, at a very small premium indeed,
if any. By this means, and having them made for
sums sufficiently small, say 11., 21., and 3',.
notes, in addition to the denominations at pre-
sent in use, the 50,000,0001. sterling of gold
coin, now in common daily use as the circulating
medium of the country, would be made applicable to
our foreign trade, while the great majority of our
internal transactions would take place in the national
currency. This would immediately give a fund of
such magnitude as would be more than sufficient for
all purposes Whenever there was over-trading and a
great demand for gold to send out of the country,
it would be as fully checked by an increased price
of gold, an additional premium thereon, as it now
is by depreciating the entire produce and the entire
property of the country, and involving all classes
m a general ruin, "that the integrity of
the standard may be preserved." England
is the only country in the world where
it is attempted to keep bullion at a fixed
and invariable price ; and why should we
continue a singularity that has led to such calami-
tous results ? If that convertibility which the framers
of the law desired, but which, as Mr. MIJNTZ has
shown, is merely nominal, were really obtained,
it would not be worth the tenth part of
the sacrifices which we are compelled to make for that
which is only practicable when there is a general con-
fidence, and few desire to exchange their notes for
specie. If a general demand for conversion should
take place, its impracticability would speedily be made
manifest, but not before the whole nation was involved
in wretchedness, misery, and ruin. We lbeartily
commend Mr. MUNTZ'S letter to the attentive consi
deration of our readers.

It is with feelings of shame and of regret that we
read the advertisement which appears in this day's
Sun, announcing the fact of the forced retirement of
Lieutenant WAGHORN, from the overland carrying
business to India. Shame, shame !on the ungrateful
country which thus rewards twenty years of per-
severing toil with ruin. Had Lieutenant WAG HORN
built a house, or manufactured.- a yard of cloth, he
would have had an absolute property in the fruits of
his labour. Had he discovered a new method of
buttoning shirts, or tying shoes, he might have
protected himself by patent against those who
would fain reap where they have not sown;
but, as he merely discovered (for to all intents and
purposes it was a discovery) the overland route to
India, and was at all the expense, and all the toil, and
all the anxit:ty of demonstrating its practicability., he
is to be rewarded with mere empty praise, -while
those who had neither the genius to discover the ex-
istence of the route, nor the perseverance to overcome
the difficulties of practically demonstrating its feasa-
bility, are to be permitted to derive all the proSt and
to drive from the ground the man but for whose
labours they themselves would have had, as a com-
pany, no existence. Never again let us dare to re-
proach Spain with her treatment of COLUMBUS, lest
she retort upon England her treatment of WAGIVORN.
Deeply do we sympathise with Lieutenant IVAGnoats,
and sure we are that he possesses the heartfelt sym-
pathy and the best wishes of the great ma-
jority of his countrymen. Sympathy, however,is but a
poor compensation for twenty years of wire-
tnitted toil. The nation has profited largely by his
services, and the nation should reward him. Even
in a pecuniary point of view the nation and the -East
India Company are largely his debtors. Let us con-
sider what would have been the enormous exponse
to which we should have been subjected to repair our
disasters in Affghanistan if we had been dependent
solely upon the old route by the Cape of Good H ope.
Nay, could those disasters have been repaired at a]). had
not the overland route afforded us speedy meal is of
becoming acquainted with their extent, and of com-
municating with the Indian authorities ? Is it not
probable that on that occasion but for the existence of
the overland route we might have lost India? Again, on
the recent invasion of our territory by the Seikh s, of
what vital consequence was it to us to possess the no .eans
of that speedy communication with India which! was
afforded to us by the overland route. Under the old
system, immediately on the receipt of the nei is of
the Seikh invasion, it would have been necessw .3r to
have dispatched immense reinforcements, rid the Cape
of Good Hope, as a necessary measure of precut tion
Thanks to Lieutenant WAGHORN, we received Intel-

ligence of the victory of Sobraon within one in onth
of the day on which it was gained, and thin the
nation was spared the expense, of dispatching us Bless
reinforcements. Let the Proprietors of the East
India Company recollect these things, and calif upon
the directors to make a handsome grant-; to them an to
whose genius they are so deeply indebted ; and let
every merchant in the kingdom, whose dealin, gs have
been facilitated by the opening of this quick- com-
munication with India, let every individual in: Eng-
land and in India who has enjoyed, thanks to ',Lieut.
WAGUORN, the solace of more frequent and more
rapid communications with dear friends and re la tionst
memorialise the Government to mark its senselquf the
debt of gratitude which is due from the na tit ,n to
LieutenantWAGuronN, by rewarding in a sign; a man-
a smexinceesr
wwhoirethhybeohfaas greatconferred
fe rred
nation— 12 un-
paralleled
on
E ng on India, and on the world. If Lieut.
w
LG. HORN
land,be suffered now to sink ;
shame,
disgrace,
a rid dis-
honour will be our portion
as a people, and E 418 lanu ,

will be justly denounced as the most wealthy, in-
deed, but at the same time the meanest and most
ungrateful of the nations of the earth.

We learn from Berne that all the troops stationed
along the frontiers of the States of the Sonderbund
marched on the 17th to their several destinations.
The Government issued and posted up the following
notice, dated the 17th :
" The Government of Argau has communicated to
that of Berne that, in consequence of information
which had reached them, the Catholic districts of the
Freiant, seconded by Lucerne, are meditating an
attack on the canton of Argau, which has taken all
necessary measures of defence. At the same time it
has called upon Berne and Zurich to lend it their
federal surveillance, by making such ulterior disposi-
tions as are demanded by the gravity of circum-
stances. Upon this communication the Executive
Council has ordained the following measures :—The
troops now under arms for the purpose of being
drilled shall not be dismissed. Three battalions of
elite shall be immediately formed. As soon as they
are under arms, battalions of reserve of the same
number now on duty for inspection shall be dis-
missed, unless circumstances shall become aggravated.
The command in chief of these troops is provisionally
entrusted to Colonel Ochsenbein. The board of mi-
litary directors is authorised to make such changes as
it shall see fit in the cantonal staff. These disposi-
tions are made known to the public by this present
bulletin."

The first sitting of the Diet took place on the 18th,
M. FURRER, the deputy for Zurich, proposed to the
assembly to send two Federal representatives to each
of the cantons of the League, to address a proclama-
tion to the people of those cantons, and to direct the
committee appointed last session to give instructions
to the Federal representatives. The deputies of the
majority were extremely chary of words, confining
themselves to the proposition, and observing that it
was urgently necessary to adopt measures to restore
the confederacy. The deputies of the League,
finding no respite for their respective cantons but in
dilatory measure, demanded that the proposition of
Zurich be printed and communicated to the depu-
tations of the cantons whom it particularly inte •
rested. This motion encountered opposition ; and
the member for Argau, M. FREI HEROSE, observed
that the delay granted by the adjournment of the
Diet had been employed by Lucerne, and the other
states of the Sonderbund, in making new arma-
ments, and in circulating incendiary proclamations
through the country, and that the same thing would
occur if a new delay were accorded. The deputy
of Basle city endeavoured again to perform the part
of a mediator, by moving the appointment of a com-
mittee to confer with the deputies of the Sonder-
bund and hear their grievances. This motion, how-
ever, was only supported by two diembers. The
proposition of Zurich was then carried by Berne,
Zurich, Glaris, Soleure, Schaffhausen, St. Gall
Grisons, Argau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Geneva,, Basle country, and Appenzel exterior—that is, by
the ordinary majority of twelve states and two
half-states. The assembly next proceeded to elect
the Federal representatives ; but the deputies
of the Sonderbund and Neufchatel took no
part in the discussion, which gave the follow-
ing result :—Federal representatives to Lucerne,
the Landammann N2EFF, of St. Gall, and
the Landammann BRUNN ER, of Soleure; to Uri,
the Councillor of State JENNI, of Glaris, and the
Cantonal Councillor HorrmaN, of St. Gall ; to
Schwyz, President KERN, of Thurgau, and the
former Landammann PEQUIGNOT, of Berne; to Unter-
walden, the Landammann MUNZINGER, of Soleure,
and the Councillor of State BOSCHENSTEIN, of Schaff-
hausen ; to Zug, the Burgomaster FURRER, of Zurich,
and the former Landammann SIDLER, of Zug; to
Friburg, the Councillor of State STOCKMAR, of
Berne, and the second deputy of Berne, Mnutax ; to
Valais, M. JAMES FAZY, President of the Council of
State of Geneva, and the Federal Colonel Bucu-
WALDER. All those deputies, with the exception of
one, who is a Radical, are moderate Liberals. On
the 19th the Diet was to discuss the draught of a
proclamation, and nominate the superior officers of
the Federeal staff. The military measures adopted
by Berne had rendered the League more circumspect,
and the last accounts from Freiant, the Catholic dis-
trict of Argau, stated that the attempts made by the
emissaries of Lucerne to induce its inhabitants to
side with the League had completely failed.

The Madrid mail had not arrived in Paris when
the post left, but the Fomento of Barcelona states that
the Governor of Seu d'Urgel had written to the
Captain-General of Catalonia, announcing that a band
of 400 Carlists had entered that district, and that he
was taking active measures to pursue them.
The Carlist insurrection seems rapidly extending,
in spite of the active measures of General CONCHA.
A battalion of the QUEEN'S troops, and a detachment
of gendarmes attacked, on the 10th, near Monseny, a
band of 130 Carlists, commanded by BOQUICA, GAR-
ROPA, ZODANY, and TORRES DE ARBUCIAS, whom
they repulsed, with the loss of two killed and six or
seven wounded. The Cabecilla POCAROBA was, on
the Bth, at Granera, with eighty men; and MARSAL
and ATIMIRATS in the mountains of Bruquetas, with
200 infantry and twenty horsemen. Another Cabe-
cilia, named JUAN, commanding a band of 100 men,
entered, on the morning of the 9th„ the village of
Gariga, and seized on the Deputy Alcalde, whom he
carried off, tied to a horse, in the direction of Mon-
seny. On the same day, ESTALLADO surprised, with
about seventy men, the village of Copone, near Igua-
lada, and brought off prisoner the Alcalde, M. ROQUE
FERRER. General CorcuA. was at Vich ; on the
11th all the wealthy families deserted their country
seats, and sought refuge in the fortified towns.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.
The Constitutionnel, in the course of a long article
on the commercial crisis, thus replies to the arguments
recently propounded by the Journal des Debats in
support of Peel's Bill of 1844 :
"If the amount of the specie in the cellars of the
Bank of England, which is stated at 8,408,7501.
sterling, be compared with its liabilities, which are
reckoned up at 36,631,9811. sterling, comprising, be-
sides the amounts of its notes in circulation, its
accounts current with the Treasury and private in-
viduals, it will be found that its relative proportion is
less than one-fourth. It is this small proportion that
the Debats availed itself of recently, in defending the
Bill of 1844 ; for the Debats takes upon itself to give
a lesson to the whole of the English press, which is
unanimouseratinof
against the restrictive
pin accusing it of aggravat-
ing the crisis by fettering the circulation of notes.
All the arguments of the Debats turn upon the pre-
tended comparison between the Bank of England and
the Bank of France, without paying attention to the
point that the conditions relative to the circulation of
money in specie and in bills are entirely different in
the two countries ; that the Bank of England is es-
sentially a bank of circulation, and the Bank of France
a discount bank; that the first has this difference from
the second, in having its credit founded on the credit oc,
of the State, and that its notes form a legal currency ;
in fine, that the Bank of France could not go on if it
were submitted to the same restrictions as the Bank
of England. The Debats argues upon bank affairs as
a matter of free exchange, that is to say, by book and
theory, forgetting that the rules of economical science
have nothing of rigour in them, and must bend to the
financial or commercial condition of each country."
The Journal des Debats publishes the following
letter from Trebisond, describing the progress of the
cholera in that city :
"The cholera broke out in this town about twelve
days ago. After having raged intensely during eight
days, it declined for a time ; but since the day before
yesterday it appears to rage anew with violence. The
weather is magnificent, and the heat suffocating. We
hope that the equinox which will soon make itself
felt will free us from this pestilence. On its first ap-
pearance the Russian Consul, with all the members
of the Consulate, and a great number of the Geor-
gians, retired to the country. This sudden departure,
which was imitated by most of the employes of the
Pachalick, has caused terror among the population.
Nearly twenty thousand persons have fled to the
neighbouring country places.
Ismael Pacha, instead
of trying to calm the terror of the people, has fas-
tened himself up in his
palace, without disquieting
himself as to what passes in the city. All the bakers'
shops have been closed, so that for some time we found
ourselves threatened with scarcity. However, thanks
to the energetic intervention of the French Consul,
M. Clairambault, the bakers have received orders to
open their shops, as have also the chemists, druggists,
and grocers. In the course of the first eight days,
300 persons were attacked by the cholera, and 103
died. The disease, generally speaking, has not pre-
sented such terrible symptoms as during its visit in
1830, and it has been almost always possible to check

it by administering remedies at the commencement.
Most of the persons who died had no recourse to
medicine, or would not consent to employ the reme-
dies which were indicated."
The Nouvelliste of Marseilles publishes intern.

i gence of a much later date than the preceding—viz.,
up to the 4th inst., and which is even of a more
serious character. It is to the effect that all the po-
pulation was emigrating, and that out of 60,000 in-
habitants, not 10,000 remained in the city. The
Consuls had struck their flags, and the members of
the Consulates who had not been able to obtain coun-
try houses had established themselves in tents, in en-
trenched positions, protected by a little river. All
the country houses, farms, and villages, in the neigh-
bourhood of the city, had been transformed into cita-
dels and fortresses, in the hope of keeping off the
disease. The extraordinary abundance of fruits,
which form the principal food of the poorer classes,
had, it was said, caused the disease to spread. The
mortality had exceeded that of the most fatal days of
pestilential visitations. Isolation was no protection
against the malady, for it frequently broke out sud-
denly in the midst of a family, which had had no
communication with any one diseased, and carried off
three or fourpersons, and sometimes the whole house-
hold.

It is said that the Bank of France has intimated
its intention to subscribe 25,000,000 f. to the new loan.
The Archbishop of LYONS has ordered prayers to
be offered up throughout his diocese for the success of
the reforms of Pius IX.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse
on Thursday at 75f. 55c. ; the Fire per Cents.,
1151. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,158 f. 75c. ;
Rouen, 903 f. 75c. ; Havre, 512 f. 50c. ; Great Nor-
thern, 5261. 25c. ; Avignon, 526 f. 25c. ; Vierzon,
535 f. ; Bordeaux, 455 f. ; Troyes and Montereau,
240 f. ; Dieppe, 245 f. ; Basle, 148 f. 75c. ; Paris and
Strasburg, 388 f. 75c. ; Tours and Nantes, 370 f. ;
Paris and Lyons, 3831. 75c. ; Lyons and Avignon,
4751. ; Spanish Three per Cents. 28.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, OCTOBER 22.
Boulogne and Amiens, 13i/4—Dutch Rhenish, 214—Paris
and Rouen, 3334—West Flanders, 1%.

MARYLEBONE VESTRY.
(THIS DAY.)

NEGOTIATION WITH SIR CLAUDE SCOTT
AND CO.'S BANKING-HOUSE.

The vestrymen were this morning engaged for
several hours in the consideration of the best means
to procure advances from Sir Claude Scott and Co.,
bankers, of Cavendish-square, or any other banking-
house, on certain terms. As our readers may re-
member, a motion was made last Saturday, by Mr.
George Daniells, that an application should be made
to Sir Claude Scott and Co. for a further loan of

10,0001. for three months, at five per cent., the parish
being already 5,0001. indebted, and 2,0001. over-
drawn in their banking account. A communication
was of course made to the firm of Sir Claude Scott
and Co., and that company refused to grant the ad-
vance upon the terms specified. A further commu-
nication was made, not only with the house of Sir
Claude Scott and Co., but with the London and West-
minster and other banks, and the principal business
before the vestry this day was to hear and consider
the answers of these banks.
The minutes of last day having been read,
Mr. SANDFORD moved, that in consideration of
that minute which had reference to the ad-
vances from the Bank it be postponed till after
twelve o'clock, and that in the meantime a
deputation should wait upon Sir Claude Scott and Co.,
to enter, if possible, upon some arrangement which
might prevent the disconnexion of the parish with
their recognised bankers.
After some discussion, this course was agreed to.
The letters from Sir Claude Scott and Co., and the
London and Westminster Bank, were then read. The
former company refused to make the required ad-
vances unless the vestry gave bonds for the amount,
with bonds also for the 5,000/, already advanced, and
2;0001. overdrawn. The London and Westminster
said that they were willing to advance the 10,0001.,
provided the parish allowed 5,0001. to remain in the
bank.

The reading of these letters gave rise to another
and rather virulent discussion, which ended in a de-
putation being sent to Sir Claude Scott and Co.'s, for
the purpose of entering into some arrangement, and
upon their return, at a quarter to one o'clock, it was
announced that Sir Claude Scott and Co., had in the
handsomest manner offered to advance the sum of
14,0001, at 5 per cent., secured upon parish .bonds,
provided that 6,0001., now bearing interest at 4 per
cent., as well as a balance overdue of 2,0001., be
liquidated out of the present loan.--(Cheers.) The
terms were acceeded to amidst acclamation.

Sir JAMES HAMILTON said that he rose with great
pleasure to perform a duty, which the courtesy and
the ready wish of Sir Claude Scott to meet the wishes
of the Vestry rendered imperative. He moved " That
the thanks of the board be tendered to Sir Claude
Scott and Co., for the courtesy and liberality they
had evinced in the advance of 14,0001. to the parish
of Marylebone to meet its existing temporary .
exi-
gencies

Air. GEORGE DANIELLs secondedthe motion, which
was carried amidst loud cheering.

IRISH PAUPERS.
Mr. SANDFORD gave notice of a motion for next
Saturday, calling the attention of the board of
guardians and directors to the great increase in the
influx of Irish paupers into the country, and the ne-
cessity of their adopting some measure to prevent
them . quartering themselves upon the poor-rates of.
that parish.
Several reports were brought up, and
The Board then broke up.

CITY OF LONDON SESSIONS.
(THIS DAY.)
(Before the RECORDER, Aldermen Gu 3s, CHALLIS,
HUNTER, and HuGrus.)
Anthony Lazam, a master chimney-sweeper, was
charged with an assault upon Mr. Marshall, of No.
22, Seething-lane.
It appeared, that on the morning of the 7th of
August last, a person named Jane M'Donald, the
daughter-in-law of the prisoner, was shaking mats
near the premises of the prosecutor, and he remon-
strated with her. The prisoner shortly afterwards
went into the prosecutor's shop, and, after abusing
him, attempted to drag him from the house, and upon
the prosecutor attempting to eject him, he struck him
a violent blow upon his face.
The prosecutor's evidence having been corro-
borated,
Mr. PRENTICE addressed the jury for the defence,
and called

Jane M'Donald, who stated the prosecutor struck
her, and gave such a version of the affair that it
would appear the prosecutor was the aggressor.
Some further evidence was called on behalf of the
prisoner.
The RECORDER summed up, and
The jury returned a verdict of Guilty, with a re-
commendation to mercy.
The prisoner was then sentenced to pay a fine of
405., and to enter into his own recognizances for 401.
to keep the peace for one year.