The Sun.
London, England, 1824-09-01 00:00:00

lars ; in 1820, the number ofichools had increased
to 25,900, and the scholars, to 1,070,500. We ques-
tion if this is not proportionably a greater number of
scholars than there are in England. If-the• towns
be excepted, we are satisfied that more persons
in proportion to the-population receive instruc-
tion in France than in England. The neglect of
the peasantry of Englund is a great reproach to
the Government and to the Landholders of Eng-
land. Scotland owes its excellent institutions for
education to the Presbyterian Clergy, who acted
on the liberal principle that the labouring popu-
lation ought,to receive,all the mental cultivation
which theirsituation admitted of. It ill becomes
as, therefore, to reproach any foreign Govern-
ment with a neglect of the people:, when of all
the Protestant countries of Earope, England is
the one which has most negtecled the lower
orders.

" France (says the Reviewer), besides, labours under a want
which is not likely soon to ,be supplied. She has none of that
highly respectable and useful class of society which is composed
Of Country Gentlemen--men living on their own estates, and
contributing to ' the comforts and the mental improvement of
the neighbouring peasantry, of course she has no unpaid Ma-
gistracy to take a lead in encouraging works of public utility,
and to plan and superintend such as are calculated fur the ge-
neral improvement of the country."
We dislike, as much as the Quarterly Review,
large masses of peasant population, without any
individuals to whom they can look up for guid-
ance or example. When a country is once cut
up into small patches, it improvement becomes
a matter of extreme difficulty. We wish to see
gradations of property. We wish property to
have its fair influence—to see proprietors using
that influence to promote improvements ; but we
do not exactly see how the being unpaid Magis-
trates will enable the. Country Gentlemen to im-
prove their neighbourhoods, and we are certain
that it enables them to practise much oppression.
A qualified Magistrate would not interfere with
the utility of the country gentleman, but by pre-
venting him from practising oppression, would
enable him to be more serviceable in his neigh-
bourhood.

[MORNING HERALD.]
.Sunday's Paris Papers -arrived last night.—
There is scarcely a paragraph of French news
worth notice. Indeed the attention of the Pari-
sians seemed resting chiefly upon the iSRUO of a
great aeronautic experiment, which was to be
made at Tivoli on the following (lay. The
aeronaut was to ascend in his balloon, mounted
co cavalier upon a rein deer, which has been per-
forming With great popularity in the Riding Cir-
cus of M.,Franconi... The recent intelligence in
these papers from Spain,
,and the few paragraphs
from Greece, contain scarcely any thing new.—
The Diet of the Qerinan.confetleration has been
opened with a long harangue by the Minister
of Austria, ictlng. as President, and address-
ing the Asserribly' hi the name of the Em.
pew of AuStria. His Imperial Majesty is.
made to soy that he shudders at the perils
which Germany has escaped from demagogues,
and thinks they are by no means exterminated,
but retoire good looking after still. - lie is par-
ticularly shocked at the abuses which have found
their way into the German Universities. His
Imperial Majesty gives'hiS idea of a good system
of education. The pupil, he says, must never
doubt of any thing, and must keep clear of all
that relates to the destiny of man, his relations of
society, Scc.—in other words, he must renounce
metaphysics, ethics, politics, and legislation, which
would only " saturate" him with false science—
lastly, he declaims against the art and mystery
.of printing, and thinks with, we believe, lions-
sene, that the world might go on much better
without it.

[THE TIMES.]
A new light appears to have been recently
cast upon the institutions of France, on the forms
of her Government, and the condition of her
people. Ferdinand VII. has,if report says true,
added one to the number of Royal Authors. lie
has addressed an " Epistle to the Philosopher of
the 44 North, the Imperial Alexander," which
has for its subject the extreme peril arising to all
paternal Governments, like those of Spain and
Russia, Romelia and Morocco, from the wild and
bouudless liberty enjoyed by the French nation,
under the still floating shreds and remnants of
their most inauspicious charter I Among the out-
cries which have been often raised for an equali-
zation of weights and measures throughout the
civilized world, it seems not to have struck
the mind of any man, how convenient it might
be, if for purposes of discussion only, to have
some one authorized code or standard, by which
to fix the precise meaning of political expressions.
As matters are at present, we scarcely know by
what common signs an English Statesman, or an
American, for instance, can curry on the most
simple discourse on politics with a clues of beings
who talk deliberately about the 46 dangerous
freedom" enjoyed by France under the Bour-
bons. Yet sach, it seems, is the burden of
this song of the Spanjsh Solomon ! Ferdinand
strenuously advises Alexander to do for France
by an inundation of Cossacks what he com-
plains that Louis has not done for Spain by a
French army--put down at once every vestige
end shadow of right throughout the dominions of
Louis, but that of the King to execute against
his subjects whatever mischief the Royal will
may prompt his Majesty to undertake. Ferdi-
nand, unless the letter be a forgery, reports to
Alexander that the French are so unreasonable
as to urge upon him the expediency of giving
Spain some sort of representative constitution :
but Chambers, ever so servile or ineffectual, are
not, to the taste of this magnanimous Prince. lie
says that the very name Is poison to his imagina-
tion, and that the King of France, by suggesting
such a calamity, has effaced from his heart, how-
ever sensitive, all impressions of gratitude for re-
storing him to the throne of his reputed father.
Ferdinand is positive that such fatuity must arise
from the too liberal institutions of France herself !
and that Europe will never enjoy that repose which
he presumes (and well be may) to be the object li
of the Holy Alliance, until all Chambers and
Parliaments, and other depositaries of tree ac-
tion and free opinion, shall have been swept olf
the face of society. Alexander is then conjured,.
by his power irresistible, and by his unfathom-
able wisdom, to march au immense host of Cos-