The Sun.
London, England, 1840-03-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LON DON, MONDAY, MARCH 2, 1840.

LONDON:
MONDAY, MARCH 2, 111411

The Herald, which is one of the most strenuous
supporters of our Corn-laws, contained on Saturday
the following information
We are quite sure that our agricultural system is very
defective ; that it might, under the guidance of science, be
brought to a far more improved condition; and that the
actual tillers of the land have by no means kept pace with
the progress of the population. We require large experi-
mental farms—not one, but several, situated in vario?r,s
,•••" of the United Kingdom, wherein the science of rota-
ti.6.-2 might lie completely developed; and principles, deter.
urinate and appropriate to each kind of soil and climate,
estab! shed upon undeniable evidence of carefully-regis-
tered facts."

This was part of a long paragraph on agricul-
rzlre, which had all the authority of lime type. se,

I published, and in such a paper, we hold the infor-
-1 mation to be extremely valuable. " That the actual
tillers of the soil have by no means kept pace with
the progress of population" is what the manufac-
turers allege against them. There may be hence-
forward a difference of opinion as to the cause
of " the defective system of our agricul-
ture"—there can be none, at least on
the part of the Herald, as to the existence of the
defect. How it may be brought into " an improved
condition," may yet be a proper subject of inquiry,
but that it requires improvement the Herald
,nowffi
unites with the Manchester manufacturers in arm-
ing.. They assert that the Corn-laws cause this
baekwardness. The Corn-law men deny the cause,
but now that they admit the important fact, they
will not and can not deny that the " defective sys-
tem of agriculture," the backwardness of " the
actual tillers of the soil," " the incomplete
development of the science of rotation, all exist
in conjunction with the Corn-laws. If they have
not caused they have not prevented this degraded
condition of our agriculture.
Can any thing of the same kind be said of our
manufactures ? Can any man assert that our manu-
facturing system is very defective—that it might,
under the guidance of science, be brought to a far
more improved condition—that the actual manu-
facturers have in skill, energy, and knowledge by
no means kept pace with the progress of popula-
tion ? We answer, no. Whatever may be its de-
fects, so far as dividing its produce amongst masters
and men goes (which is to be referred to our right
of property, not to our manufacturing system), no
man can say that " the system is defective." It
has outstripped all theory, it has gone beyond all
expectation. The practices of our manufacturers
have put the science of our philosophers to shame,
and helped them to much new information. Science
may gradually bring forward improvements, but at
present it cannot be said, as the Herald says of agri-
culture, that it can now show manufactures the way.
The gigantic achievements of art have, in fact, asto-
nished men of science, as much as the meanest of
mankind. None of them predicted those vast im-
provements, of which the importation of cotton
from India, and returning it thither in finished
muslins, underselling the cheapest labourers of the
world, is perhaps one of the most striking results
and illustrations.

The cotton manufacture, in which the greatest
improvements have been made, has never till lately,
when Saxon stockings and Swiss prints can be
brought into England to undersell our own pro-
duce, much needed what is called protection, and
now only receives it to the extent of 10 per cent. ad
valorem, while the raw material is taxed to an
equal amount. In it, therefore, all these improve-
ments have been made, while it has been exposed
to the competition of foreigners. It is also well
known that since the prohibition was re-
moved to import silks, and importation permitted
subject to a duty—since out silk manufacturers were
exposed to competition with foreigners, which they
were not before 1826, the silk manufacture here
has in taste and in the ingenious application of
machinery been much improved. Silks are now at
least a third, and in many cases a half, cheaper
than they were before the alteration of the law,
besides being more agreeable to look at. From
the competition to which our manufactures
have been exposed the consumers have benefited
amazingly, and the present cheapness of the
most elegant and comfortable materials of clothing,
brings them within the reach of every class except
the very lowest and most destitute.

The expense of transporting cottons and silks,
in proportion to their value, is very trifling, while
the expense of transporting a quarter of corn from
the nearest source of foreign supply, has never
been estimated at less than 10s. a quarter, or
one-sixth of what is called a remunerating price,
giving from that circumstance a protection to our
' agriculturists equal to nearly 16 per cent.
In addition to this, the duty of 245. Bd.
when wheat is 625. per quarter, is equivalent to an
Additional protection of 40 per cent., making a pro-
tection to the corn grower of 56 per cent., or 46
per cent. more than the cotton, and 26 percent. more
than the silk manufacturers receive, exclusive of the
tax on the raw material they use. With this vast
relative advantage—to which must be added that
the protection to the cotton manufacturer affects in
a very small degree the price of only one commodity
consumed by the agriculturist, while the protection
to the agriculturist affects the price of almost every-
thing consumed by the cotton manufacturer—we
find, co-existing, a manufacturing system outstrip-
ping theory and surpassing expectation, and an
agricultural system defective and far behind the
progress of population. Now the manufacturers
assert—and we believe most justly—that
it is this vast protecting duty on agricultural pro-
duce which, preventing competition, fosters our de-
fective system of agriculture. It is a bounty on a
costly and slovenly mode of cultivation. It makes
the landlords think only of racking their rents, in-
stead of racking their brains to generate and pro- '
mote agricultural improvement. From Belgium,
according to the information recently derived from
that country, and from several parts of Germany,
it is supposed we might import some agricultural
practices with advantage, but our manufacturing
processes are in almost every point before those of
other countries. They are exported; other countries
borrow from us, and we rarely borrow from them.
Such is the contrast between the improvement in
the almost unprotected manufacturing and the
highly-protected agricultural systems I
But while the Morning Herald makes the
important admission which has led to these re-
marks, and while the Corn-law, of which it is a
staunch advocate, and which, we say, has caused
them, has been in existence a little more than
twenty years, it also states that " nothing but
a total abandonment of the policy which has pre-
vailed during the last twenty years—nothing but
a recuricnce to that system, under which the ener-
gies of Eligiand were first developed—can save
England from abasement to the rank of a third-

rate power." If that means anything, it means
that the Corn-law should be abolished, all reci-
procity treaties put an end to, the Test Acts be
re-enacted, the Catholic Emancipation Act be swept
out of the statute-book, the trade to India again
sealed up, our sanguinary laws re-enacted, which the
Herald, to its honour, has done much to put an end
to, and that, bristling with troops and ships, Eng-
land, lust( ad of cultivating the arts of peace should
prosecute those of war. But the passage cannot
mean that, and therefore it is mere senseless, un-
meaning gabble. Such, however, is a specimen of
the con ti adictory drivelling, utterly regardless of sense
and facts (if sense means any thing beyond a cus-
tomary placing of words in a certain grammatical
relation, without any reference to the things of which
they arc supposed to be signs) with which not only
the Herald but the bulk of the Corn-law and Tory
Journals continually and daily dose their readers.

For some time past various accounts have been
received in London of sundry acts, savouring of
the worst spirit of despotism, alleged to have
been committed by the Executive Govern-
ment of the lonian Islands, with the con-
sent and approbation of Sir HOWARD
DouGL as, the Lord High Commissioner. The
latest of these is detailed in a letter
from Corfu, dated the 30th of January, of
which we shall give the substance, in the hope
that in a few das s we shall be able to remove, by
official documents, the imputations which they cast
upon the character of Sir HOWARD DOUGLAS.
Some time early in December SPIRIDION PA-
tRn leGn° aolf CatiOdrfU,STpEuLs pushed GANGADI, IWO young
d
the streets, and
epithet
e against a Senator in
rpeerl
y plied
abvye abusivetheht
into cus't.ot y,
nithebteing remonstrated with
IT he S- etnhaetyol.wveerreycportno:
tnittcdc'to prison. Their parentst no
regardd was
applied to know the
e
cause of their detention,
being detained
but
or npeaaridlyt
o
their prayers, and, after
month, they were sentenced to be
banished without
als being
knowing whither, and without so much
allowed one interview with their families
his
sentence, if the facts are really such as
they have been reported to us, is not only
tyrannical in the extreme, but it is, at the same
time, grossly illegal ; for it is expressly declared in
the Penal Code of she lonian Islands (Article 247),
that " Any insult or threat against a public func-
tionary, committed while he is not in the execution
of his official duties, but out of vengeance, or in
consequence of a legitimate act connected with his
functions, if it be slight, shall be punished with six
months to three years' imprisonment in the House
of Correction ; and if it be serious, with eighteen
months to four years' imprisonment in the House of
Correction."

Asthiscase is but a solitary one out of many

we trust that the prominence now given to it will
call forth such official explanations as shall satisfy
her MAJESTY'S iubjects here that the inhabitants
of the lonian islands experience her gracious pro-
tection in the righteous administration of the laws
and the constitution which Great Britain has gua-
ranteed to them.

Our readers will find in another part of The Sun,
copied from the Augsburg Gazette of the 23d of
February, a curious correspondence which passed
in the month of December last between Count
PONTOIS, the " perfect diplomatist," and Minister
of France at the Ottoman Porte, and It Esclup
PActrA, Minister for Foreign Affairs. The sub-
ject of it is the share the French Admiral was stated
by M. Avedik, the interpreter of Vice-Admiral
OSMAN BEY, to have had in the disgraceful trans-
action of betraying the Turkish fleet to the Viceroy
of Egypt ; and we defy any impartial person,
after a careful perusal of Count de PONTOIS' Note,
to affirm that the French Admiral was not privy to
the treason of the CAPITAN PACIIA. As The
Sun happened to be the first Journal, not only in
England but in Europe, in which a suspicion of
Admiral LA LANDE's good faith was expressed—
and as this was done long before M. Avedik's
escape from Alexandria, it ally be interesting to
recapitulate such particulars as may serve to make
the correspondence to which we are now directing
attention generally understood. A very few words
will suffice for this purpose.
When the Turkish fleet, consisting of nineteen
sail, the entire naval strength of the empire, passed
the Dardanelles, the first act of the Capitan Pacha
was to go on board Admiral LALANDE'S ship,
where the two admirals held a private conference of
about three hours' duration. Admiral LALANDE
had three ships of war with him at the time, Ad-
miral STOPFORD, with the British squadron, was at
a short distance, and yet LALANDE neither accom-
panied the Ottoman fleet on its cruise, nor did he
send any account of what had taken place to the
British Commander. Now, be it remembered that

;he sole object of keeping a French squadron a
,be mouth of the Dardanelles was to watch the mo,

tions of the Turkish fleet ; it having been previousl
agreed upon that the French Admiral should con
trol the movements of the Turkish, and the Bri

ish Commander those of the Egyptian squadrons.
Well, the CAPITAN PACHA having concluded
the secret conference with Admiral LALANDE,
went on board his ship, got under weigh, and
without molestation or remonstrance, sailed into the
harbour of Alexandria, and like a traitor as he
was, delivered up the entire fleet to the Viceroy
Now, it was when the news of the betrayal
of the fleet first leached England that
we denounced Admiral LALANDE as a participator
in the treachery of Ossi AN BEY. This was in-
dignantly denied by the Paris papers, and rejected
as unfounded by our London contemporaries.
Some time after, however, M. Avedik, the Capitan
Paella's interpreter, made his escape from Alexan-
dria; and on his arrival at Constantinople drew
up a report of what took place at the interview
between Admiral LALANDE and the Capitan
Pasha, and thus substantiated, on the evidence of an
eye and ear-witness, the charge which we had made
against the French Admiral. M. AVEDIK proved
to the satisfaction of the Porte and the diplomatic
body, that Admiral LALANDE was privy to and
connived at the treason of OSMAN BEY. It is not
to be wondered at that the unexpected discovery of
an intrigue so very disgraceful to France should
give great umbrage to the French Ambassador ;
and it is as little surprising that a diplomatist so
" perfect" as Count de PONTOIS should feel an
uncommon eagerness to display his wonderful abi•
lines at extricating his Government out of ano
ordinary difficulty. But a wiser diplomatist
than the Count has recommended as little
use of the pen as possible, in some
cases, and we dare affirm Admiral LALANDE'S
to be one of them. At all events, the
Count's note makes the matter just as bad as it can
be. "It was precisely by means of Admiral LA •
LANDE'S report," writes the over-frank Louis-
PHILIPPE-created-perfect diplomatist, " commu-
nicated to the Ambassadors of the Great Powers,
and to the Porte itself, as soon as Admiral ROUS-
SIN had received it by the Papin, that the Porte
received the first intimation of the CAPITAN
Pacit a's projects, and thus found itself able to
take all the means in its power to destroy or neu-
tralize these projects. Admiral LALANDE, in ad-
vising the CAPSTAN PACHA to set sail, not for
Candia, but for Rhodes, and in hastening to inform
the—French Ambassador at Constantinople of all
that had passed, and of the confidence reposed in
him by the CAPSTAN PACHA, in order that it
might be communicated to the Porte, did all in his
power, as commander of a fleet belonging to a
friendly Power in alliance with Turkey." This is
a clear admission of the whole charge against the
French Admiral. His knowledge of the trea-
sonable designs of the CAPSTAN PACHA
is avowed, and yet a merit is claimed for his
communication of that knowledge to his own Go-
vernment at a time when the Five Powers in con-
junction could not have hindered the Turkish
fleet from entering the harbour of Alexandria
The insulting" allusion to the " opportunities,"
which M. DE PONTOIS well knew the Ottoman
Porte had not, of preventing the realization of the
CAPSTAN PAcitiCis treachery, in consequence of
Admiral LALANDE'S mock despatches, is as con-
temptible as it is gratuitous, and might surely have
been spared on such an occasion. Our Gailic
contemporaries boasted a good deal, when this
affair first happeued, about OSMAN BEY'S selection
of a French officer for his confidant on so momen.
tous an occasion. We gladly leave them all the
honour which must result from the exposure of its
object. Without the slightest intention of hurting
the self-love of our sensitive neighbours, we take
leave to express our belief, that no British naval
Commander would have listened to the communi-
cation made by OSMAN BEY to Admiral LALANDE
without making it at once known to the fleet, and
sending the CAPITAN PACHA to Constantinople,
and further that, were a British Corninander so to
act, the British Government would cashier him in
less than three hours after the fact was fully proved.
Upon R Escnt DPA sti A's note we shalt offer no
commentary. It is equally moderate and dignified

The highly-important intelligence that the
Spanish Government had declared the capital in a
state of siege was communicated, by telegraph, to

the French Government on Saturday, and was im-
mediately posted up at the Bourse. The following
is a copy of the telegraphic despatch :
.., ___

" BAYONNE, FEB',2j NINE 'O'CLOCK '
consequence of grave disorders in the bosom of the
Chamber, and of attempts at insurrection (without),
Madrid has been declared in a state of siege. On the
2-Ith the Session of the Cortes was suspended.
" A. the departure of the courier Madrid was
tranquil."

t e;o
or,t ttloi e
employ verification of
Private letters, of the 22d ult., from _Madrid, an
i
ticipate the occurrence of such disorders, in conse-
tqiuteenic,oe,oeftsthoet. stilsquabblesasbu
Parlia-
mentary language, about the due return of Mem-
bers, against whose return petitions were presented.
It is to be observed that at the commencement of
the Session of the Cortes,two Election Committees
are appointed—the first consisting of seven Mein-
' hers to examine all petitions against returns and
report upon them ; the second, composed of five
Members, with the power of revising such reports
before presentation to the Chamber. Nor are
these Reports final. The Chamber may either
adopt, modify, or reject them, or even send them
back to the Committees for further consideration.
Here there is an ample opportunity afforded for a
well organized minority to waste the time of a whole
Session in mere preliminary inquiries, as, according
to the Spanish Constitution, no public business can
Le entered upon before the validity of all contested
returns is decided. At first the Spanish Liberals,
disgusted at the enormity of the Ministerial system
of wholesale corruption, resolved to retire in a body
from the Cortes, and protest against the validity of
that assembly altogether. This alarmed the iMi-
nistry as much as it delighted the populace, but it
was abandoned, on the representation of some of
the members that it would lead to a civil war.
The next proposal was to take advantage of the
constitutional forms observed in the deliberations of
the Cortes, by which the designs of the Cabinet
might be
so impeded as to be rendered abortive,
and this was embraced with alacrity. This was
found so successful the 22d, on
ment could do
nothing. The Chamber of Depu•
ties was
a scene of uptoar and confusion.
The Ministers had entered into a new contract
with Senor
—Eirttot A for
the i.upply of the army.

The following outline of this infamous job is from
the Madrid correspondence of the Chronicle :
Contractor gives 60,000,000 reels in provisions, which
cost, at the present rate of the articles, 30,000,000 reals;
he gives, besides, 40 000.000 reals in money, at a peseta
for a franc, which will be about 36,800,000 reels; and
150,000,000 in coupons, at 25 per cent., making about
35,000,000 reals; and in all 91,800,000 reals. For this
he is to receive from the Government 200,000,000 in bills
upon the Havannah, at NI per cent, discount, which will
make some 236 000,000 reals. Deducting the cost price
of the value given by the contractor from this sum, a
profit of 144 200,000 will remain to him. But this is not
All : 1,000 000,000 reals in Inn,ls are to be cr,ated upon
the strength of the law of the 17th March —I think it is
1338—are to be created, with an interest of 5 per cent. ai
guarantees for this monstrous trans.ction. How any
country could stand profligate extravogance of this kind, I
leave)ou to consider)"

Tile object of M. OUVRARD'S mission to
Madrid, which excited so much attention among
financiers, is reported to be the establishment of a
licensed gambling house in that capital Spain, it
appears, is not going to the devil fast enough, and
therefore she is to receive an impetus from the
founding of a new college for graduations in profli
gacy. The national music is to be perfected by
adding to the sound of the drum and the roar of
artillery the rattling of the dice-box.

The whole of the Pang Joutnals of Friday and
Saturday have been received. M. THIERS has
obtained a complete triumph at the Tuileries, what-
ever fate may await him in the Chambers. On
Saturday the appointment of the new Cabinet, of
which he is the chief, was all but officially an-
nounced to the Deputies. We subjoin, without
preface, a list of the new Ministry :
M. TIIIERS. President of the Council, and Minister
for Foreign Affairs.
M. DE RENIUSAT, Minister of the Interior.
M. VIVIEN, Minister of Justice.
M. DUCAS, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce.
M. JAI:BERT, Minister of Public Works.
M. PELET (de la Lozere), Minister of Finance.
M. COUSIN, Minister of Public Instruction.
General CUBIERES, Minister of War.

ADMIRAL Roussni. Minister of Marine.
A private letter from Paris, dated four o'clock
P.m. Saturday, says nothing about the appointment
of M. DUCAS—states the Finance Department to
have been vacant at that hour, and M. PELET (de
la llozere) to he the new Minister of Commerce.
The fact, one way or the other, is of small im-
portance, and will be decided by the next mail
from Paris.

Should no intrigue occur to dash to pieces the
new Cabinet at the moment its formation is de-
clared complete, it will have many great difficulties
to struggle against before it can restore confidence
to France and to her allies. What is to be done
is little in comparison with what must be undone.
SOUL T'S system must be entirely abandoned, and
measures adopted for the general identification of
the interests of liberal Europe. M. en
-HERS must
rend asunder that veil of diplomatic mystery in which
weak equivocating politicians shroud the merest
trifles, and which is especially unsuitable for great
emergencies. There are occasions when seeming
rashness in Statesmen is the truest wisdom ; and
this is particularly as regards Statesmen whose sup-
port comes directly from the people, and are only
tolerated by the Court. Marshal SOULT has be.
queathed to M. TRIERS the legacy of—England
distrustful of, Russia inimical to, Austria indif.
ferent to, and the Porte suspicious of the French
alliance. In fact, by a political blunder, une-
qualled in absurdity, SouLT all but sacrificed the
Enolish alliance at the very moment that he was
widening the breach between France and Russia.
There is no other news of importance in the Paris
Journals, with the exception of an important tele-
graphic despatch from Spain, received in Paris on
S turday, which is given in art article on Spanish
affairs. We find a good deal of Oriental gossip in
the papers, but the substance of it has already ap-
peared in our columns.
A Journal rays r—" At a moment when French inte-
rests require to be well represented in China, Marshal
Soult has just appointed to the Consulate at Canton M.
Chailaye, sun of the Consul at Smyrna, a young man,
twenty-one years of age.—La Gazette de France.
BOURSE.—PAKis, SATURDAI, FHB, 29.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Price. Price
French 5 per Cents ll3 55 ... 113 95 113 85 ... 1.3 95
4 per Cents lO4 ... ,C 4 ... 104 104
3 per Cents ..... 82 50 82 50 ... 82 40 ... 82 45
Bank cii erance
Latfitte Bank I,ooof. Sh lO6O ...1060 1,0
5,11000. sh 5208 ...5200 —.5200 ...5200
Belgian Bank 935 035 935 ... 035
3 per Cents 75 50 ... 73 50 ... 73 50 73 30
United States Bank Loan.— 9814 ... OS ... 5814 084
Spgiiish Ae.ive 2734 ... 2814 ...275,E 2654
Passive 6)4 ... 7 ... 6iy ...
New Deterred
Portuguese 3 per Cents
lea: olitsn
Roman 1023 10334 103% ... 141334
It %4'/1Y SHARES.
St. Germain
Versailles, It. B 555 555 ... 550 550
LB. 372 50 372 50 ... 370 370
Orleans
Strasburg to Bale :3411 i4f; „, 24 ;340
ASPHALTES AND BITU ENS.
Yarn (Maberly'‘)

By the arrival of the Royal Tar steamer at Fal-
mouth, on Saturday, we have received advices
from Lisbon of the 24th ult. The address in
answer to th• speech from the throne was still
under discussion. The paragraph relative to Eng-
land and the Slave Trade was brought forward on
Monday the 17th, and on Saturday the Chamber
had not come to a decision upon it. Nothing could
be louder than the cites of the Opposition for a de-
claration
of war against this country—cries strongly
and emphatically deprecated by the Ministry and
their adherents, and by all the reflecting portion of
the Portuguese people. M. PAssos MANOEL
made himself particularly conspicuous in preferring
the most ridiculous charges against Great Britain ;
asserting, among other things, that the officers on
board the English anti-:lave cruisers were them-
selves implicated in the sale of negroes taken on
board Portuguese slavers.
The following extract from a despatch of the
Governor of the Island of St. Thomas, dated the
20th of November, was published in the Diario of
the 21st ult., and for a moment tended to ap-
pease the exasperation of the opposition against
England

"-The gallant Commander Cardoso, of the brig-of-war
Tejo, having been informed that some of the English
enviers had vectored to search vessels under the guns of
our fortresses, immediately on the arrival in the port, of
the officer commanding the English cruisers, sent his first
Lieutenant to demand an explanation of such conduct.
The English commander made every apology, acknow-
ledged that Lieutenant Ross, of her Britannic Majesty's
ship Curlew, had acted improperly, and said that he would
send a brig at once to the Cape of Good Elope with a let-
ter to Captain Elliott, soliciting the removal of Lieutenant
R,,ss from the station "

We find no account of guerilla movements in
the Portuguese Journals, and are glad to have to
state that the country is more than usually tranquil.

M.
The Belgian
vr üBAs
esslelg Dsi a andEn naarlape
t:ivtehder s
on
co have Court
come
rtri
do afy Loudon,
hand.
ot
Ant-
werp, o
on Board the Soho steamer. In the Belgian
Chamber of Deputies, on Friday, a project of law
for the prevention of duelling was discussed, when
a Deputy proposed that restrictions should be im-
posed upon the liberty of the press. On Saturday
the attendar.ce of Members was so small as to
prevent the doing of any business.
The German Papers publish advices from Con-
stantinople of the sth ult., in which it is stated
that the Greek Patriarch has fallen under the
displeasure both of the Porte and the Government
of the lonian Islands. He is, however, supported
by Russia, who finds him an excellent tool for
effecting her dark purposes.
SE..Ltil AN h UNDS—B ; , FEB
•L,LoitTu,aull lie::: per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cunt ......... 101%
Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per ..... 04%
------- .s per Cent........._
OS
Societyot Cornirtlr'c'el,PZ(p':ee'r'tCent lO7
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent .....» 94%
National Society . o• • ••••••
Exchange on London (short)
—Brussels Papers. Feb. 20.
AUSTRIAN FUNllb.—Vir.usa, Fee. `2l•
rive per Cents. Metalliques -
Boer per Cents. ..... „ .......... ............ 101%
Three pc.r Cents.
Bank Shares ........ ...„„ ....... :522
--Al/gen:erne Zeirung:Feb .

ANTI-CORN LAW MEETINGi AT PRESTON.-011
Monday a public meeting, convened by the Mayor of
Preston, was held in the Town Hall (which was crowded
to excess), to consider the propriety of petitioning for
the repeal of the Corn-laws. Resolutions were unani-
mously passed condemnatory of those laws, and a peti-
tion adopted in favour ofan immediate and total repeal.
In the evening another meeting was held in the Cockpit
by the operatives, at which it vras universally agreed to
organize a working man's association to obtain the re-
peal of the Corn-laws. All the leading Chartists spoke
at this meeting, declaring that they should be ashamed
of themselves to offer any opposition to a movement so
important, and pledging their best efforts to co-opera-
tion in favour of a repeal.—Manchester Guardian.
This is an example which we hope other Chartists will
imitate. If, us they
say, they want to control the
Legislature, to break up old institutions, and extend
the power of the democracy over the House of Cow.
mons, what means so feasible, what plan so certain, as
to unite With the middle classes, anti ec;ffip.4 the ;Iris-

tocracy, enthroned in the Legislature, to yield the Corn-
laws, which are the strong-hold of their power ? The true
virtue of the Reform Act consists much more in the mode I
of carrying it which set aside the House of Lords, and
overthrew ail prescription, than in the act itself. Mr.
Macaulay lately delivered an admirable speech on the
utility of agitation. Let the Chartists foliow his hints,
and, by enforcing a repeal of the Corn-laws, again assert
the supremacy of the popular will. Another blow will
in that way be given to the aristocracy, again will pre-
, scription be set aside, again will the democracy, and in
rig nteousnesstoo,give the law to the law-givers, and every
such exertion of their power familiarizes he commu-
nity to its exercise, and promotes the ohj.'cts of t
crucy. Let the Chartists, therefore, go for a repeal ut
the Corn-laws.—En. San.
COSSERVATIVE DINNER.—On Saturday evening
about 450 Tories dined together at Merchant Tailors'
Hall, Mr. Alderman Thompson, M.P.. was in the
chair. On his right and left 'were Lord Teignnaouth,
M.P., Lord Sandon, M.P., the Recorder of London,
M.P., Sir Edward Sugden, M.P., Captain Aisager,
M.P., Sir F. Pollock, M.P., Dr. Crol,y, John Master. man, Esq., and other political characters of less note.
Dr. Crony and Sir Edward Sugden were the great ora-
tors of the festival, which, we are glad to say, was not
contaminated by scenes like those at Canterbury and
Ashton-under-Lyne. The Rev. Gentleman laboured
hard to prove that the State was dependent on the
Church, and the Chr►•uh independent or the State ;
and Sir Edward Sugdeo, though less eloquent,
was no less eager to show that there was no
division in the Tory camp. His anxiety to prove the
unanimity of the party, with the absence of the proxi-
mate Prime Minister and his right and left hand
men gives rise to strong suspicions that a screw is
loose. Where were Sir Robert Peel and Lord Stanley.
and Sir James Graham, and Sir George Clerk, arid
nearly all the leading men of the Conservative party ?
Is this your evidence, Sir Edward, to prove that " the
Conservatives in the House of Commons were as firm
and compact a body as ever existed ?"

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.

CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, SATURDAY.—The sales
to day have been 3,500 bags, at yesterday's prices.

The Licbon mail has arrived by the Royal Tar, sailed
on the 24th February, Gibraltar 20th, Cadiz 21st, Oporto
25th, Vigo 25th. Also two French, two Ostend, and on..
Dutch. Snip letters from Calcutta 10th October, and Rio
Janeiro.

At Lisbon the exchange upon London, at 30 days' sight,
was 561 per rnilrei, discount on ex paper money 60 to 61
per cent.

- The news from Madrid this morning caused a fall
in Spanish Active of 1 from the leaving off prices o Sa-
turday.

The accounts from Lisbon show that the Portuguese
Bondholders are still neglected.

THE FUNDS.
Consols opened at the leaving of quotations of Saturday,
901 / Money, and 90i It, 91 for the Account ; Exchequer
Bills 4 6 premium ; India Bonds. 2 die,, par; India
Stock, 248 249 ; Bank Stock, 178 179.
In the Foreign Market the chief operation at present ;s
in Spanish Active. On Saturday the price was 291 1, from
which they fell this morning to 28, and have been done
since at 281 1. Portuguese, also loser, closed at 35/ ;
at present 34/ 51 ; Columbian receded from 26fr to
251 26-1- ; Mexican also receded from 29/ 30 to 294 / ;
Spanish Deferred 131 i also lower ; Dutch Two.and-a-
Hal f per Cents. 53A- i ; Five per Cents., 1001 i.
Owing to the north-easterly winds, we have no arrivals
from the United States.
Pa 10Es OF STOCKS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCB.
Rank Stuck 179 India Stock
3 per Cent. Red. — Ditto Bonds
3 per Cents. Con ..............911%% South Sea Stock
3, per Cent — Old Annuities 881„
Ditto Red. 944( %3‘ New Ditto
New :336 per Cent 9-7" 9 3 per Cent. Annuities, 175 i
New .") per Cent. -1 Exch. Bills, X 1,0410-4 5 3 pr,
Bank Long Annuities toexpire I Ditto 500... 45 3 pm.
Jan; 5, ISO, l3 15-16 14 Ditto Small 4 6 3 pm.
Oct. 10, 1K59
f dis.
Jan. 5, IH6O 13 11-11 iii Ditto Advertised ...... pin.
Jan. 5, Mc!, Bank Stock for Account ...
Aprils, 1860. — India Stock for Account .. 25C
Jaa. "5.1670 - Consols for Account 9l
PRICES OF FOREIGN FIJ NOS THIS DA's AI ONE 0 (JAW!,
Austrian Bonds — Peruvian Bonds
Belgian Bonds
Ditto Account
Brazilis .1 801115 .. . .... ... - Ditto New Bonds .... 15% 1:
Ditto Account
3uenoi .-tyrc, Bond,
Ditto lcza„nt. .........
:':hitlizn 30-1:1 i
attz ',:',:::-c. nt. — Russian Bonds, 1811:1
CoLtruian Br ids —, Ditto Account,

Dim: kc'.s,. nt
Columbian 'I d 5,1824 "6 57i Spanish Bonds !iBk. 914
Cr.:3 kcca.irt
.Danis:: Bonds
Ditto ~...t: nt — Def•.rred
Greek Bonds — French, 5 per cent. —f. —t,
Ditto Bonds, 1825 — i ---- 4 per cent. .f. -

.. ...... —l. —c.
.
Ditto Account — --- 3 per cent. ...... A —c.
Mexican Bonds, 5 per Cent — , ---- Exchange. —f, —c.
Ditto Account .........
Ditto, 6 per Cent.
Ditto Account
Neapolitan. — Ditto Account.... —
PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOLK.
Paid. Per Shalt..
London and Birmingham Railway Company... go 15314 3
&Ditto New Shares
, ondoal and Greenwich Railway Company go :9% Xi%
London and South Western, , ~... ....... 381. 17s. 9d. 44
London and Croydon Railway Company.... : 141. Ms. ad. Iv%
II rill Midland Railway Company .......... ......
Ditto New lO In
PRICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, FEBUARY `2B.
3 per tlent. Consols
)6 per Cent. Stock
Ditto Reduced
Ditto New, 1830
--
36 por Cent. Debentures... 915 i ; National Insurance Company
Bank Stock .— City Debentures, 4 per cent. —Grand Canal Stock -
Debentures, 4
Royal Canal Stock
.

LIA L F-PA S T ONR.
We have received the Journal of Antwerp of yesterday'.
date. Accounts from the Hague state that on the 27til
ult., an emrloye of the Minister of Finance left for Brussels
on a mission to receive the sum of 2,500,000 florins of the
debt due from Holland to Belgium, according to the treaty
of the 24 Articles.
'CHANGE OF AMSTERDAM, FEB 28.—The improvement
at the Exchanges of London bad an influence on our
national Funds, which in general improved ; a good deal
was done in the Integrals; the Society Actions of Com-
merce further declined at the opening, owing to some
sales, but at the end of the market they improved. The
transactions in Ardoin's Spanish were animated, and a
number of purchasers appeared in the market.
Some activity has taken place in the Consol Market
since the early part of the morning, and several small lots
have been purchased in the various stocks, which had the:
effect rather to improve the Market.
Consols have been done at 91 for the Account ; at pre-
sent may be quoted the same ; Money, 90i 11, ; Money in
the House at 5 per cent.
We understand that the failure which took place on the
settling day of Consols is ascertained to be of a greater
extent then was anticipated on that day : the differences he
owes in and out of the house is stated to be from 40,0001.
to 50,000/. His failure in general is much regretted by
the members of the house.

Exchequer Bills lower, 4 53; Bank Stock, 179 ; In-
dia Stock, 248.

In the Foreign Market there has been a good deal of
fluctuation in Spanish fictive, which was the chief feature
of speculation during the morning. In the early part of
the morning the above Stock receded 28 9a per cent.,
since which a reaction took place, and it may be
quoted at present 29; Protugueie, 34; Three per Cents.,
; Columbian, 26k ; Mexican, nothing done ; Spanisi'
Passive, 7i; Deferred, l4g- ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half
pet Cents. 53k; Five per Cents 100 i.

Mr. Trevelyan, the new Assistant Secretary to
the Treasu7, in the room of Mr. Spearman, commenced his
official duties on Saturday.
The will of the late Mr. John Holroyd, of
Northumberland-street, Strand, plumber to her Majesty. the
public offices, &c , was proved in the Prerogative Court, Can-
terbury, on the 6th instant, and the personal estate sworn ander
90,0001. The deceased many years since saved the life of his
late Majesty George 111., when fired at by Hatfield, the lunatic,
at the theatre.

The Earl of Fitzvvilliam has given 3001. to-
wards the erection of a parsonage house at Dore; and the
Duke of Devonshire, in addition to the ground for the site of
the house and garden, has given 751. for the same purpose..
Sheffield Iris.

The Earl of Shrewsbury has begun the erection
of a new Roman Catholic chapel and school at Alton Towers.
Worcester Journal.
The Countess of Minto has issued cards for
grand balls at the Admiralty, on the 10th and 24th instant,
and for soirees on the 17th and 31st.

The DUke of Leeds returned to the Clarendon
Hotel on Friday evening from a visit to the Duke of Rutland,
at Belvoir Castle, where his Grace has been entertaining a
sporting party. The Duchess and Dowager Duchess are
staying at Hornby Castle.
The Earl of Harrington arrived at Pembroke
House, Privy-gardens, yesterday afternoon, having been sent
for express from his scat, Elverston Hall, Derbyshire, in con-
sequence of the sudden demise of his brother, the Hon. Major-
General Lincoln Stanhope. The Countess of Harrington and
her youthful daughter remain at Elverston until after the inter-
ment of the late gallant General.

ChURCti P.a iIoNAGE, sCOT-

LAND.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—In the notice with which you have honoured
my pamphlet on Scottish Church patronage, you express
a doubt whether, under my scheme fur at once abolishing
patronage and compensating the patrons, these last would
be satisfied with the average price of 500/., which you say
I put upon their rights. Permit me to explain, that your
difficulty is anticipated in my publicatien ; foe it is there
suggested that either a fixed prree or a price to be assessed
by Jury, should be eiv n hi the re. -se',t eoi.er3; and
surely- the pat; ons, wi h a l t orrt:cm= coolci
obj•a!, to the Luce
exposit,: the rrwerias p •o (`)9, ~:t t; grids.
and thereby practically putting a re.gative on the scheni--1
rt.ply, First, that Juries will, on the vt hole, give a just ver-
dict, and I would g,ve the patrons (as I would give him
whom an old writer calls the author of patronage) their
due; and second, that, despairing, as I do, of getting the
rieceiisary 300.0001 4' from Government for (air patro-
nages, and therefore, assuming that an Act of Parliament
would do no more than merely authorise parishes to buy
their patronages, I submit, that no ami,unt which any sane
Jury could put on any patronage would be a really severe
harden on the parish. My ceuntrym,n do not like much
to pay for any thing ; and hence the privilege of purchas-
ing might not be extensively used for a time; but where-
ever a parish did resolve to purchase, the questi a between
300/ and 1.000/. would not startle it.
You call me a Non-Intrusioeist. But lamno " Non-
lairusionist" in the n,w technical sense of that term,
which means a saving of patronage, with a veto to the
people. I am an " Abolitionist," and the Government
may rest assured, that if they bring in a half measure—
which Non-Intrusion is—without compensation, either they
will be arrested in their course by the patrons, or, if they
carry it, leaving, as they will, the sting of patronage in the
hearts of the Scottish people, these will only intermit their
clamour for a season, and will return up-in Parliament in a
year or two with redoubled vigour and venom, for the ex-
termination of the old grievance (" which neither we nor
our fathers were able to bear"), just as if nothing had now
been conceded.
Lord Melbourne has announced that a definite commun;-
cation will be made on this subject in the course of March.
Let him go the whole hog, if he means to consult his own
peace, or to obtain political support from the ten pounders
of the north.

I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient, humble seivant,
Edinburgh, Feb., 1840. JAMES BRIDGE '3,
* You say 30.0001 This arises from a mistake, which
rcpt into a few copies of my pampnlvt, but which was cor-
t-ected generally by a cancelled leaf.
[We agree with Mr. Bridges on one main point. Let
there be no half measure introduced. If Government
take up the question, let there be a sweeping reform, and
let the people, and not the clergy, have the real patronage.
—Ed. Sun