The Sun.
London, England, 1840-10-14 00:00:00

TH stIN, LONDON, WE

according to Lord Palmerston's note of the 31st of : PEACE OR WAR QUESTION.
.03.-
August,ghat so long ago as Oztober, 1839, his Lord- .
ship distinctly stated to Count Sebastiani, that '°if SPIRIT OF THE FRENCH JOURNALS OF
France coital not find the means of coming to a corn- MONDAY.
mon understanding with the Four Powers, she must (From the Journal des Debats.)
not be surprised it the Four Powers were to , ,
" it may be truly affirmed that for the last ten years
come to an understanding together, and were to no Parliamentary Session has opened under more peri-
act without her." Moreover, the course of the lous circumstances. In pronouncing a solemn judgment
Allies was virtually made known to France, at a sub- I ui,on the policy of the Ministry towards the Four
sequent period, in Lord Palmerston's words, to M. 1 Powers who signed the Treaty of London with regard
Guizot, that " this proposal (the one submitted in May to Turkey and Egypt, which may be equally endan-
-1840, by his Lordship and the Baron de Nieuman) was gercd by this treaty, upon the acts which have been
the utmost extent to which we could go in the way of j provisionally accomplished, upon the negotiations, the
concession, and that it was, therefore, our last (fen" plans, and the resources of the Government, the Chant-
How, after this, M. Thiers can state, as he does in the bers will decide upon peace or war. In a few days they
document before us, that the proposal in question " had, will have to examine what are the true motives, the
nothing in it of the character of an ultimatum," and meaning, and the bearing of the Treaty of July. They
that '°France had every right to suppose that so long a will have to examine whether it is only a Ministerial
negotiation would not be terminated withaut some last or a national question ; in other words, whether the
explanation," is to us utterly incomprehensible. Equally coalition of the Four Powers is a fortuitous event, inof-
so is the concluding declaration of M. Thiers—the fifth feusive in itself, and produced by the incapacity or un-
of the summary—that "no one has a right to count steadiness of the present Ministry, or whether it be not
upon the passive concurrence of France in the execution an experiment, like former coalitions, re-appearing
of the treaty of the 15th of July." In Lord Palmerston 's with their old flag, their old hatreds, and their
despatch to Mr. Bulwer we find Count Sebastiani in- old pretensions, having the degradation of France for
forming his Lordship that he foresaw our course, and its principle and its object. The Chambers will have
that "he could foretell the result ; that we should try to examine whether the policy of the Ministry possessed
to accomplish our own arrangement without the par- that firmness, that singleness of purpose, and that con•
ticipation of France, and that we should find our si: stency which the nation had a right to expect from
means insufficient ; that Franee would remain a per- those who were treating in its name. They will, in fine,
fectly quiet and passive spectator of events." Here, examine what principles were set forth by the French
for the present, we must break off our notice of this Government, and in what manner they were maintained,
remarkable document. We shall doubtless have occa- what dangers are incurred by the violent execution of
sion to recur to it ; but we cannot, in the mean time, the Treaty of London, and what limits the Four
avoid the expression of our regret that the British Ca- Powers had assigned to it, how they intend to respect
binet should not have held firm to its original pur- those limits, and by what means France may interfere to
pose, and thus have precluded the possibility of quib- cause them to be respected. We are convinced that the
bling, as M. Thiers does, on the nature and tendency Chambers will enter on this grave inquiry with the
of its repeated concessions. In the absence of any greatest impartiality, and with a firm determination to
other authority we have been compelled to refute the maintain at all hazard the honour of France. We have
manifesto of the French, with that of the British, Mi- no hesitation in adding that we accept their decision be-
nister. The two are, however, so diametrically op- forehand. At least, we are prepared to submit to it,
posed to each other on many points that the assertions recollecting that we live under a Constitutional Mo-
d both leave us in a state of painful doubt as to narchy, that all the men of consideration in the nation
what has been the real course of the protrarte3 nego- are Members of either Chamber ; that all ideas, all
tiations on the affairs of the East. In the present s' ate principles, and all interests are represented in the Chem-
of our information the question resolves itself in a hers, and that they have the right, which the Minis-
great degree into one of comparative veracity ; and terial Journals have not, to speak in the name of the
until some steps shall be taken to determine the ha- nation, and to pledge themselves to a future line of action.
lance of credibility it is perfectly impossible that the " A Parliamentary debate on the Eastern question
people, either of France or England, can be satisfied. has been our first, as it will be our last, wish. We
have always maintained that the Chambers aloe could
duly appreciate the policy followed by the Ministry,
since the Treaty of London—if the Ministry had in-
deed any political course to decide on. We have ap-
proved and do approve of the preparations which the
Ministry have made, because they respond to our iso-
lated situation. Our position results from the conclu-
sion of the Treaty of London. If the isolated po-
sition of France was the only result of the Treaty of
London, it would not become us to remain with folded
arms till the differences between Turkey and Egypt
were arranged without our participation. We were de-
prived of our Allies, and it became necessary that we
should supply that deficiency in case war should be de-
clared.

C DMMUNICATIONS THROUGH

EGYPT.

EXTRACT OF A LETTER RECEIVED FROM
ALEXANDRIA, BY THE ORIENTAL.
The Oriental arrived here on the 19th inst., and after
coming off the Eastern harbour, took her station astern
of her Majesty's ship Asia, about six miles from the
shore. In consequence of the officer in charge of the
mails having been instructed by Admiral Sir J. Louis
not to land the mail unless he received an assurance
from Colonel Hodges, the Consul-General, that it
would be allowed to pass through in safety (we allude
to the India mail), Colonel Hodges, before authorising
its landing, thought proper to appy to the Paella for an
assurance of its safety, which his Highness at first hesi-
tated to give, and at -length replied that it might pass
this time. This answer will of course be communi-
cated officially by Colonel Hodges to his Government,
but had he consulted the British community, he would
never have presented himself to the Paella in the

" But, except those preparations, what is known of
the Minister's intentions ? Nothing, or less than
nothing, directly from the Minister. We do not
speak of his Journals, which, by their eneffable and pre-
sumptuous contradictions, and by the nullity of their
polemics, have placed themselves beneath ail refuta-
tion. We do not wish to give full credit to the do-
cuments published by the Foreign Powers, and which
would give us but a poor opinion of the dignity and
the principles of our Ministers. We make this con-
cession, and it is the greatest we can make, in order that
the question may be reserved for the consideration of
the Chambers.
" We place ourselves in the position which the Mi-
nister has chosen. The Minister replied by an adjourn-
ment to all the questions which were put to him, and
he had a right to do so. And still, from the month of
August, when we called for the convocation of the
Chambers, the Ministerial journals replied that the
moment was not arrived. He is now of opinion that
the proper time has arrived. He ought, therefore, to
be ready to justify his policy during the three great
phases of the Treaty of London, without concealment,
or without objecting to the Judges which the Constitu-
tion has given him.
" Could the French Government have prevented the
resolution taken by the Four Powers whilst they were
arbitrating between Turkey and Egypt ? Has this re-
solution been spontaneous, or has it been the result of
the Minister's incapacity ? Did France withdraw volun-
tarily because she despaired of seeing the justice and dis-
interestedness which she represented prevail, or was she
excluded designedly? Is the resolution of the Powers an
insult or a threat to France, or has the Minister, after hav-
ing accepted an European congress to settle the East-
ern question,,,desired to make himself the only Mediator
between Turkey and Egypt? Did he flatter himself
with .being able to deceive all the other Governments,
and thus furnishe4 .I.he"Sn'
preteuce',f9r-deeeiving3ihn, IN'laepnilindlihnselt ex-
eluded Gnus the treaty beeinse.te endeiiinhVed to ex-
clude our adversaries and our allies, in fine, every body ?
Had the President of the Council a system, and did he
defend that system with perseverance and straightfor-
wardness, or did he allow himself to be carried away
by his brilliant imagination even to the dream of a
dictatorship in the cast aid in the west ? Such is the
first question to be examined.
" Could the Minister have modified the resolutions of
the Powers before the conclusion of the Treaty ? Were
more equitable conditions proposed to hiM ? Were
those proposals withdrawn because they were not made
in a spirit of sincerity, or was it because the Minister
would not accept them sincerely ? Did there exist,
during the latter period of the conference a general mis-
trust against the Minister ? Was this mistrust justified
or not by a system of secret and exclusive negotiations
which the Minister pursued with an oriental fanaticism ?
This is the second question.
" When the conclusion and ratification of the treaty
was known, what was the course pursued by the Mi-
nister? Did he engage to prevent the pure and sup-
ple execution of it ? Did he determine within what
limits he would suffer the territory of the Otto Man em-
pire to be occupied ? Did be raise soldiers, (quip ships
of war, decree the fortifications of Paris, in order that
France might be ready when she pleased to contend
with force. which would have been a vigorous policy,
or did he flatter himself that he could have divided the
coalition by demonstrations and ordinances ? Has he
existed upon this chimera of intimidation ! An insane
and particularly unskilful line of policy ; for he would
have to present himself before the Chamber alter three
successive checks. This is the third question.
" Now, let us for the last time observe to the Minis-
terial journals who have accused us of having changed our
language, that in doing so they have addressed the most
bitter epigram to the Minister whom they profess to defend.
What was determined on in the month of August, when
Commodore Napier commenced hostilities ? Nothing.
What decision was taken when Beyrou• was captured ?
W as war declared ? Did the Government signify that the
prescribed limits had been pasSed ? No. The Minister
never changed his line of conduct in any respect. He
has convoked the Chamber.i—what we advised him to
do from the commencement. Why, then, should we be
reproached for having changed our language when the
Minister has not been blamed for having changed his line
of conduct? Cowardice and bragging consist in always
threatening and never striking. If the Government has
not yet decided upon a cases belli, it is particularly ab-
surd to abuse those who advise prudence, and dignity,
and to praise the Cabinet for having been prudent and
dignified.
" The simple sketch which we have just given is suf-
ficient to indicate the immense importance of the discus]
sion which is about to be opened in the Chambers ; but
until the day on which the great powers of the state
will have given their opinion, no one has a right to speak
in the name of France.
" We warn the journals who are threatening the
great powers of the state that there is a party in France
which lives retired always ready to rush upon society—
a party which disregards civilization, science, property,
and industry—a party in whose eyes there are no true
patriots except those who possess neither property. nor
information—a party which solicits and provokes with
unmeasured satisfaction an European war, not for the
' security and aggrandizement of France, because it does
not interest itself about what France actually possesses,
but to expose her rashly to the most formidable perils,
in the ill-disguised hope that she will sink and be re-
duced to suffer the dominion of republican impotency.
This party has but one motto, Let us re-organize so-
ciety: On every change of circumstances it exclaims
Treason.' For this party war in the east or the west
will be only the pretence until it becomes the means
of destroying Royalty, the Chambers, the elector,'
bodies, the laws, and property. Will the ancient Oppo-
sition, which glories in its constitutional doctrines and
in its devotedness to the monarchy of July, now lend
itself to transport republican passions and violence into
a higher sphere ? Will it excite men's minds by assert-
ing that there are intriguers and traitors everywhere,
and by this means protest beforehand against the deci-
sions of the Chambers and intimidate th: majority ? Is
it, in fine, resolved to depart from the constitutioral po-
licy, and enter into that of the revolution r
(From the Cwisti!utioneel.)
d, We are told that the attack on Beyrout
ought to have been expected. This is possible, but
it disclosed the barbarous violence with which the ,
Allies were determined to effect their object Tne
bombardment of Beyrout has only produced ruins as
does not put the Allies in possession of
thte 'teirtrictoerrytainy
theyl desire to wrest from the Pacha. When
they
even then be masters of the country. It is not with
their 7,000 Albanians, and their 1,500 marines, that
they
The will conquer Syria against the army of Ibrahim.
possession of a town reduced to cinders, if indeed
the allied troops still reraain there, may doubtless be of I
insurrection ; aad yet no move-
mentservic etaiknesprplace aatmong the populat. Besides, it
.is
nt:cessary for the instigators of a revolt to remain
under the protection of the cannon of the fleet, which

matter.
His Highness's answer was even more favourable than
was expected by many from the known aversion he has
personally to the Consul-General. Had the latter re-
quested Captain Lyons, the Hon. East India Com-
pany's agent; to visit the Pacha instead of himself, such
an answer would never have been given, and in lieu of
leaving the public in doubt whether the next mail will
proceed or not, every assurance would have been given
publicly, and in consequence officially announced.
That the Pacha has no intention of interfering with
the mails and passengers to India (unless some untoward
event should occur) we have ascertained beyond a
doubt, and it is our firm opinion that the mails and pas-
sengers by the Liverpool will not incur any obstacle in
their transit through Egypt, in support of which opinion
we submit to you the following facts :
That a proof of the Paella's intention not to inter-
fere with the present mail is, that at the moment of
Colonel Hodges' application to his Highness, the mail
from India by the Victoria steamer had actually come
down the Nile to Atfe, the head of the canal.
That at an interview which Captain Lyons had with
the Pacha yesterday, his Highness told hint that lie
had given the above-mentioned answer to Colonel
Hodges as Consul-General, but that he assured Captain
Lyons as Captain Lyons, and as agent to the Hon.
East India Company, that it never was his intention to
interfere with the conveyance of the mail brought by
the Oriental, nor should he put any obstacle in the
way of the future mails.
We trust 'that thin information will reassure Indian
passengers, to whom very unnecessary alarm has been
given,- in•consequence of Colonel, Hodges' interference-
with the Indian mail by writing to Admiral Louis in
such terms as to induce him (the Admiral) to detain it
at Malta ; and we have learned from good authority
that the Oriental and mail might still have been at Malta
had not Admiral Sir H. Stopfotd written to Admiral
Sir J. Louis to encourage him to forward them on.
The mails were not landed here until the afternoon
of the 20th from the Oriental—more than 24 hours
after her arrival ; and the Suez mail has arrived since
four o'clock p.m. yesterday.
We accompanied Colonel Hodges to the Pacha, and,
as soon as permission was granted for the mails to pro-
ceed, we applied personally for the admission of the
Oriental into the large harbour, which was immediately
granted in the handsomest manner.
It is to be regretted, however, that owing to the na-
ture of Colonel Hodges' despatches (or private letters)
to Captain Fisher, of her Majesty's ship Asia, which
were laid by the latter officer before Captain Joy, he
(Captain Joy) did not consider himself justified in bring.
ing the Oriental into mt. We personally used every
argument to induce Captain Joy to trust to the Paella's
word, which we may mention that in upwards of thirty
years' dealings with his Highness we never knew him to
break ; but, doutless, Captain Joy acted prudently in
not taking any responsibiky on himself, after being so
cautioned by the officer in command of the squadron.

DECLARATION OF MANOEL MAR-
CIANO FERREIRA, MASTER OF THE BRA-
ZILIAN BRIG CONSTANFE.

On the voyage from Paraiba to Lisbon, being to the
westward of the Azores, near the parallel, and not far
from the meridian of some shoals, which in Norri's
chart are noticed as doubtful, on the 26th of August,
1840, at 10 A m., going with a very fair wind from the
E S.E. on the north tack, I observed at the distance
of from one to two miles a breaking of the sea to lee-
ward, and in a few moments afterwards the wind en-
tirely died away ; still in the same position, and in sight
of the same, I remained tilt 6 o'clock P.M., the calm still
continuing, ; so much so, that I had the long-boat
hoisted out to tow the i/ssel out of danger.
At midday, the time of high water there on that day, the
breakers had nearly disappeared. At two o'clock they
were again sensibly visible, and from five to six a group
of rocks was distinctly seen above the water.
From 'he observation of the latitude at twelve o'clock,
and the longitude of a good chronometer, steering a due
north-west course from the spot of danger, and at a mile
and a half as I judged myself distant therefrom, the
situation was in lat. N. 37 deg. 56 min. 20 sec., and
longitude to the west of Greenwich 33 deg. 4 min. 8 sec.
At six p.m. the triad freshened, when I proceeded on
my voyage, and three days afterwards, on the 29th of
August, I made the Island of Flores, when, by the oh-
servation I made there, I found the chronometer to be
exactly correct.
The wind being from. the east, I tacked to the south-
ward, and on the 31st of the same month, passing near
another shoal, which is noticed in the same chart to the
west of Faye!, as seen by Captain Robson, at eight a.m.
I observed a number of rocks above the water, on which
the sea broke, and near which I passed to windward,
distant from one to two miles.
From observation at twelve o'clock, and by chrono-
meter, I found this second dangerous spot situated in
14t. N. 3:Veg. 26 min. 44 sec., and long. west of
Greenwich, 30 deg. 25 min. 10 sec.
It will appear extraordinary that these two shoals,
the existence of which was very uncertain, should both
be seen by one vessel, and in one voyage, which was not
in search of them. However, no one can doubt, as
they do exist, the mischief that might arise from them.
Therefore, without further remark upon this subject,
upon which a good deal of discussion might arise, and
which 1 affirm to be the truth, and can corroborate by
the crew of my vessel, convinced that I ought not to
conceal a circumstance upon which the salvation of
lives and property may depend, added to the particular
exactness which I had of the longitude when I disco-
vered these rocks, by means of which they may be re-ex-
plored, I consider it my duty to lay the present state.
ment before the public, for the benefit of my maritime
colleagues and others interested in navigation.
_ MANOEL MARCIANO FERREIRA.
Lisbon, Sept. 24, 1840.

A number of shlo;?keepeis, consisting of coal
and potatoe-d !eters,
, vvi 7edill eNrisf,,, a
ibcat
rk;tress,, &o
ne. ,Mwoenrdeaysum-
moned before the Woolwich
Mr. Hodges, the 11.sp( et
roar: 21 . 6d. to 203, each, with
and fined in various sums °fr °
costs, for using false and fraudulent. Weights and Measures,
Ma-
gistrates likewise ordered the wdeuiglehatts wtoeibgehctosndeTmhneed.
Chosrevv Paella has just been convicted of rob-
, eturn minister
broker, in his little
rob-
bery. What an awkward fellow the
indulged
must be. Why did
he not come over to France, and
broker, for in Paris he might ha
propensities with impunity 2—Charivari.
It is reported that at a late Cabinet Co
the Tuileries Louis Philippe said,
" r u '
Gentlemen'ell at
ycu are
anxious to march on the Rhine; take care what re,
-*lout, for that river is deep, and you may beddronewned.'.
VI. replied,in amco " I would rather be drowned in the
Rhine sewer at Paris."—Charivari.

DNK

will shortly be unable to keep the sea. Ibrahim,
then, has in his favour the courage of his troops,
the inconveniences of the climate, and the hitherto
peaceable disposition of the mountaineers, and im-
pending hurricanes. In these circumstances, the Go-
vernment were bound to adopt new resolutions, and
they have done so. They arc completing measures
which will place France in a condition to meet every
event. Their administrative activity has been, and is
still, immense. This they will prove by what they have
done in three months, and they will present themselves
to the Chambers with an ensemble of measures which
will enable them to support with dignity the will of

France."
The Journal du Rouen states that the Commandant
of the 14th military division-has just issued orders for
putting the whole of the coast of the division, and par-
ticularly the entries to the ports and rivers, in a state of
defence. "We are assured," adds this journal, " that
several English families resident in our city and the en-
virons are making preparations for quitting France in a
few days. It is stated, but we know nothing on the
subject, that they have received a secret intimation from
their Government recommending them to return to their
country."
Orders were issued on Sunday, says the Presse, di-
recting the troops in barracks at Courbevoie, Reuil,
&c., to march upon Paris. This additional force will,
it is said, he employed in digging the trench, which was
to be commenced on Monday, along the whole line of
the fortifications of Paris.
(From the National.)
On Sunday morning, about ten o'clock, the delegates
of the fourteen arrondissemens of Paris, clothed in the
uniform of the National Guard, proceeded to the office
of the Minister far Foreign Affairs. The greatest part
of these delegates wore the costume of (Accra, and re-
ceived from the military post on duty-the honours due
to their grade. They had an interview with one of the
employes of the Department, who informed them that
the President of the Council was absent.. They then
handed to the employe the
.followitag,,d.ocument, which
they intended to have read to
.111. Tbiers had he been
present, and which was signed by the defesates
" To the Prisident of the Connell:
"An immense number of National Guards and
citizens had intended to proceed to the Departme:A of
Foreign Affairs, to convey to you the expression of the
public discontent.
" In order, however, to avoid a collision which ap-
peared to be meditated by the Government, and to
which we were unwilling to be parties, we resolved that
a deputation of officers, sub-officers, and delegates
should be commissioned to obtain an interview with you,
and protest, in the first place, against the illegality of
the order of the day. issued by the Marshal-Comman-
dant of the National Guard, and, in the next place, to
defend the light which all citizens possess of expressing
their opinions with regard to the interests of the country.
" The opinion which we and the citizens represented
by us entertain is as folloWs :
" The national banner has been insulted by foreign
Powers, the honour of France is wounded, her interests
are compromised, her revolution is menaced.
" In these grave circumstances, we have come to de-
clare to you that the conduct of the Government ex-
cites all our fears, and outrages all our sentiments as
Frenchmen.
" A national Government would at once have made
an appeal to the energy of the people. It would have
re-organized all the civic guards, local and disposable ;
it would have armed and exercised them ; it would have
re-constituted the artillery corps ; and would thus have
been able to oppose to our enemies the entire army,
backed by a formidable reserve.
" We have come also to declare to you that it is not
the capital which requires to be fortified, but our fron-
tiers of the Rhine and of the Alps, Raised much less
against the Holy Alliance than against liberty, the for.
tifications of Paris are, at this moment, in the eyes of
everyene, only a means of deluding public opinion, of
lulling vigilance, diverting the public attention from the
important events now occurring, and of veiling Al the
baseness of diplomacy.
" if a new invasion menaces us—if treason brings
back the foreigner to our walk—the people themselves,
after getting rid of the traitors, would easily contrive
to organise against the enemy the means of defence,
and to dig
,a trench for them between Paris and our

armies.
" Foreign PoWeis are increasing their strength and
hastenir.g their opeiatiorts. Such'efforts, we repeat,
have but one object.-:...the abasement of our revolution.
They will, however, find it fearlessly confronting them ;
and the men in
,power who should endeavour to pa.
ridyze its enthusiasm would only succeed in bringing
down on their own heads zi terrible resPonsibilitY."
A crowd had collected in front of the Hotel des
CaOcines (the. Foreign office) 'when the deputations
arrived there, but rics tumult of the slightest descrip-
tion occurred, aud, ..the4thronz dispersed, as soon as the:
members of the depnto.tiensepFat,e,d,.t?
,proceed to
,thek.respective homf! —•1 I•3locar
The 'substance of the, ahuvo als'o, 3:e
presented to t:he C,hamber oti:..Doputies• kur..ithe forirr
a p