The Sun.
London, England, 1840-06-03 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION,

Mr. FOX MAULE said be bad received such a
rep qt, ar.,l helow,d th,:t cons .d: He: 1 ,:.

taken place in Mr. O'Connor's treatment.
Mr. DUN CONIBE—Does that extend to his d et 'l
Mr. FOX MAULE—Yes.

Mr. A GLIONRY asked if, along with the regula-
tions of the Visiting Magistrates, there would be laid
before the House an exact detail of Mr. F. O'Connor s
present treatment, which he understood to be precisely
the same as before.—( Hear, hear.)
Mr. Sergeant TALFOURD said he had received a
letter from Mr. O'Connor, stating that he was treated
exactly in the same manner as before.

Mr. FOX MAULE was understood to reply, that
recise information would be given on the subject.
Mr. SHAW—As the Hon. Under Secretary is the
only representative of the Government present, perhaps
he can inform the House when it is probable that the
Irish Registration Bill will be further proce.'ded in.
Mr. F. M.AULE was not able to answer the
question.

EMIGRATION.

Mr. S. O'BRIEN then rose to monn—" That in
Great Britain and Ireland the working classes are ex-
posed to extreme privation, from inability to procure
. employment. That in several of the British Colonies.
the de•nand for labour is urgent, continuous, and
increasing, and its remuneration is comparatively
ample, whilst the prosperity of these colonies
to much retarded by its inadequate supply. That
under these circumstances it is expedient that
a free passage to those colonies which offer the
greatest rewards to industry should be provided by the
State, for such of the labouring classes as are
disposed to emigrate thither." It was not a
question of an attractive nature, but it was one
of very great importance to a nation like Great
Britain, who possessed such vast colonies. He there
fore trusted that he would be favoured with the atten-
tion of the House, not on his own account, but on ac-
count of the intrinsic importance of the question itself.
He considered that the House could not oucupy its time
better than in considering whether it was in their power
to afford relief to the distressed by means of emigra-
tion, and so employ our shipping and create markets for
our productions, in which we would have no rivals, and
planting colonies from which we might derive many of
the productions of the earth of which we stood in need.
In comparing the trade of that country with Russia
and their own colonies, he found that in 1830, the ex-
ports to Russia from Great Britain and Ireland emounted
to 1,663.1431, the amount of the populet ion of Russia
being 160 000,000. The amount of :he exports to the
Australian colonies in the same year was 1,836,000/.
while the population did not exceed 116,000,
He only adverted to that one point for the purpose of
showing the improvement that was daily taking place
in their colonies, and he believed that in proportion as
they would be aele to remedy the distress which existed
at home by means of colonization would they p-oemo
the security,peace, and content ment of the people. He now
came to the two positions laid down in his resolutions—
first, he contended that there frequently existed in that
country sufferings among the poorer classt s, or. in other
words, there was an excess of labour as compared with
the demand. There might not be, as regarded Eng_
land, a great redundancy of the populaties generally,
but in particular districts and seasons nod kinds of
employment there was an excess. Fur example, he
would refer to the ease of the hand-loom weavers, whose
' • destitution had already attracted so much public attention.
e"Upon the whole he thought they were compelled to infer
that there must be a great amount of suffering in the
-Enelish population, when they found that in 1838,
after all the reductions that had taken place, in conse-
quence of the labours of the Poor-lave Commis-
sioners,. the whole amount of the poor-rates last year
amounted to no less a sum than 4,725,566/. He was
not prepared to make out a case for emigration by ex-
aggeraticg the redundancy of the population of Eng aud
No man left his home without the hopes of improving
his condition, and he thought therefore, titer. they ought
to- have assistance to enable thew to improve their
condition. With regard to Scotland, in the Highlands
there could be no doubt of the truth of the proposition
advanced in the first resolution be intended to propose.
Ireland, however, was chiefly interested in this question.
and with respect to that coutory, he felt convinced that
he need not appeal to the humanity of Hera members.
lie would appeal to self interest, and he woult' say that
if the condition of the Irish labourer was not im-
proved, the gentlemen of England must be content to see
the condition of their own population reduced to the
same level. Three years had not elapsed since a Com-
mittee cif Inquiry had been appointed to investigate the
condition of the poor in that country, and that Committee
reported that there were no less than 2 285,000 persons
- who were out of employment for three parts of the year,
and that the proportion of labourers, compared with the
land under cultivation in each country, was five labourers
in Ireland for one in England. The average rate of wages
in Ireland could not be said to be equal to 3s. a week—if
they were as much even as 2s. 6d. The most worthy
labourer in the Country, who was as well deserving of ade-
quate support as any man in the land, could not obtain, by
his industry, better subsistence than potatoes in the
best of seasons, and in bad seasons he was reduced
to a state of starvation. The attempts at im-
proving cultivation by the ejection of pauper tenants,
and the consolidation of farms, only led to agrarian dis-
turbances, in which the starving peasant was urged to the
Injury of property by the impulse of despair. When he
considered the subject, and found it stated in the Parlia-
mentary papers that in many of the colonies of Great
Britain the bounties of nature were absolutely unavailing
for want of bands to gather the fruity, he felt it his duty
to call upon the Government to furnish means for trans.
ferring the surplus of the mother-country to the colonies.
In urging this subject, he was influenced not only by a
regard to the interest of the labourer who emigrated, but
also to that of those who remained, as it was the only way
of raising the rate of wages to their proper standard. It
was difficult to say abet would be the number of labourers
required to emigrate from Irelanel for that purpose ; but
Ito give to give each labourer the comparatively small pittance of
Is. a day, 100 000 labourers, at least, must have the
means of emigrating. If any gentlemen were insensible
to the considerations of humanity, as connected with this
question, ah.hough he did not think there were gay such,
yet if there were, be would appeal to them on the ground
of self-interest, that they should recollect that heseeforth
Ireland was to be subject to the Poor-laws. and when the
workhouses were completed, and the able-bodied labourer
applied for admittance for himself and hie family, ret the
ground that he could not procure work, his appeal would
be irresistible. And would it not be better, he would
ask, to afford him facilities for emigrating to the colonies
rather than to maintain him at home as a burden upon
the Poor-rates? The -Noble Lord the Secretary for the
Colonies, and several other Members, in the discussion of
the Poor-laws for Ireland, admitted that the Poor laws
must be considered in reference to a system of emigration.
He considered that as a, pledge upon the part of the Noble
Lord; and he called upon him now to redeem it. He
considered that he had already established that there
was an excess of population in this country—( Hear.
hear)—which kept the price of labour too low, he
would then proceed to the other part of the
subject, and show that in many of the colonies there was
an increased demand for labour. In doing so, he would
cot6ite himself to those colonies in which the climate was
suited to European constitutions—Ve would therefore ex-
elude the Mauritius, Jamaica, and Demerara, although he
bad been informed that in the island of Jamaica Euro-
?cans were healthy, and that one most respect,ble house
en the City bad during the last year sent out no fcacr
tEan 141 Irish labourere, who were doing well. However.
be would confine himself to the colonies of New Smith
Wales and Australia ; and he would prove, frien docu-
=ants which had been laid on the table of the House, that
in those colonies there was an intense demand for labour.
It was clear from the evidence of Mr. Walker and others
that there was a great demand in Australia for emigrants,
and in New South Wales there was a great want of
labour, if the reports of Mr Pinneck and Mr. Elliot:
'•we,•e correct. In South Australia, which was the most
suaenctet
the experiments in colonization. a s:milar
w
7g and in Western Australia there was a
s.;_xfu isl.ioed m
great defier:P(l in labour, and an urgent and im •
mediate nstecesitfor procuring a supply.—( Hoar, hear. )
la conformity with the view which be bad taken of the
demand for 171atatir in 11.pper Canada, he would appeal to
the communication of
the Secretary of the Canada Land
appeared that the rate of wages
Comeany, from which
ie Upper Canada varied fro:" 3s. 61. to 7e. 61. a day. He
would mention the success which had attended an einier-
tion which had taken place from the ce,:mty of Clare, dur-
ing the course of last year. They had sent out from that
county 1.281 labourers, under the superintendence of
• Lieutenant Redburn, to Upper Canada. Lieutenant Red-
burn bad taken these persons to Cobu e Upper Ca-
nada, add they had not been there thr°eer-in
days before they
all got employment, and the wages
2/. 103. a week each. He had placed
in G
they received were
hisvhands, a ithie
the last few days, a statement of the ;err
Upper Canada Land Company. a
pp that tf
hee
Company bad sent out instructions to their
certain the condition of persons whoad wienaregeent initliss, arrearsto a s
qu e n ci en
to the Company, and the agent h
returned a full report on the subjectr
these
ee reportie29had
question related to 156 families. Of
no capital whatever on their first arrival in the
Province. These 129 families consisted of 436 per-
sons, not one of whom. on their arrival in the Province.
was possessed of any property whatever, and yet at the
time the report was made, the aggregate amount of pro-
perty eon tied by these persons amounted to 22.65tei
that was nearly 200! for each person, and these were net
by any means the most favourable cases; these were the
CUSS of these who might be considered as the insolvent?.—
those who were in arrears with the Cempaey—but the
was sufficient to show that Canada was a country whole
the poor man could get ad. q sate remuneration for his la.
bout. With regard to New Brunswick, he tveuld morel)
refer to the Address of the Governor, Sir John Harvey.
itewhich it was seated that the high price of labour in that
country was actually cramping the enterprise of the coloey.
Raving now shown from undoubted evidence that a vast
proportion of the labouring population of this coun ry, al-
though of good character, and of industrious habits, were
unable to obtain the necessaries of life 'while in the colo-
nies there was a great demand fir labour,''
he thought he
bad-made out his case, and that it was the duty of the Go-
vernMent to furnish these persons with the meeni of emi • grating to the colonies, where the: could
i procure a proper
Happily, compensation for their Labour. PtiPolliY, no prejudices now
existed on the subject of emigration
a the work-
ing classes, and be believed that trial:lV
those prejudices bad been principally owing ettireesitTetierl°;
transportation as a punishment, and he could not let thatopportunity pass without !wing his opinion that the countr
was greatly indebted to the fi,m Bsrt. the gember fur
Leeds, aild to the 4relatiehep of Dublin fee the trorts be