The Sun.
London, England, 1824-10-26 00:00:00

ENSUING OLD BAILEY SESSIONS.

A SUMMARY STATEMENT, descriptive of the various Of-
fences with which the Prisoners for trial at the ensuing
Sessions severally stand charged, distinguishing between the
London and Middlesex committals.
ALLEGED OFFENCES. Lormoi.r. MIDDX.
Burglary - - - - • 2 2
Housebreaking - - - 0 1
Highway Robbery . - - 0 9
Stealing in the Dwelling House - - 0 1 u
Horse Stealing - - - 0 1
Forgery - . . - - 1 0
Piracy . !. .. - - 0 2
Embezzling - - . 1 2
Manslaughter - -.- - 1 0
Stealing from the Person .. - - 14. 13
Receiving Stolen Goods - - - 0 3
Larcenies - - .. - 19
Fraud - - - ~
Bigamy . - - - - - 0 1
Attempting to Pi 2ck Pockets - - 0

- -
43 128

STATE OF HIS MAJESTY'S GAOL OF NEWOATE,
OCT. 21, 1821
IVIALVs, FEMALE.)
Prisoners under sentence of Death - 23 1
Transportation • for Life - l7 6
Fourteen Years - - e - 9 6
Seven Years - - - - 23 19
Under sentence of imprisonmentfor Fdo- 1
11
nies and Misdetneanors - - U
For trial at the ensuing Sessions - - 128 43
Whose judgments are Respited or Arrested G
Remanded front prsvious Sesktions - 1 1
Insane . . - . - 1 u
For trial at the Admiralty Sessions - 1 0

?.20 70

It has been remarked by naturalists, that a
goose and an eagle are amongst the longest lived of the feather-
ed tribe. There is at this moment a fact confirming that
observation as applicable to the first-named. At tbe vil-
lage of Glentham, in the neighbourhood of Market Hasen,
in this county, there is now living, on a farm recently occu-
-71
pied by a person named lIEWSON, a ',goose upwards of a
hundred years old. Mr. H131'0:1 a short timeago had an
auction, he being about to quit his farm, and after a the farm-
ing utensils, stock, household furniture, &c. ha been dis-
posed of, a neighbour who attended the sale reminded hint
of the goose which yet remained unsold. Mr. fiv.wsoat
immediately replied, ` I will not have the goose sold, it has
been upwards of a hundred years in my forefathers' and
my possession, and I will 4ive it to the next occupier, in. the
hope that he may treat it kindly, in order that it may terminate
its life where it has lived so long." The bird was accordingly
presented to the farmer who succeeded Mr. Hu wsoN, and is
still living.—( Lincoln Mercury. )

This was a case in which Peter Watson, of radical notoriety
was the appellant, and the Rev. Williltn Nesfield respondent,
and was an appeal against a Magistrate's order for the payment
of Easter Offerings.
Mr. COOKSON opened the case, and addressed the Bench at
coneiderabin. length. He said he felt glad, and yet at. the
same time-some little regret, that the discussion of this ques-
tion was to come on. Ile was glad that it was now to be
brought-to a decision, because it had been so long talked of
—and not only as regarded -the present case, but also on ac-
count of several cases of the same description having recently
occurred ; and his regret was oe.ealioned by the idea, that
a case so clear in itself—and no person, he was sure, on
hearing the evidence, could have the least doubt of the lega-
lity of the respondent's claim—should fora single moment oc-
cupy the attention of the Court. ficeiould easily see why Peter
atson had resisted, the claim ;ate wee a sort of Knight Er-
rant, a Crusader against Easter Offiniregve and travelled all over
the country to raise an opposition to the payment of them. His
exertions were not solely confined to the parish of Chester-le-
Street; but lie was, in fact, an itinerant, who went Irons place
to place, assembling multitudei of people, and persuading
them that Easter Offerings were an undue and an unlawful
exaction. -He (Mr. Cookson) knew This from a circumstance
that had occurred in a part of the country with which he is
intimately connected, viz. North Durham : where the Appel-
lant had promulgated to the inhabitants, that he had got Mr.
Brougharn's opinion on the subject, and which was against
the legality of all Easter Offerings. He (Mr. C.) was how-
ever happy to say, that another person, who was interested
on the opposite side of' the question, had actually got the opi-
nion of that great lawyer on it, andi he stated that Easter Of-
ferings were due and payable of common right ! He (Mr. C.)
would not enter into a history or an examination of the bent..
ficial effeets Or the disadvantages of tithes; he would say no-
thing on these points, but while the law of the land said they
ithlstiaantduinagstearlloPtieiterr.
wVterisretstmPaYsabdteec,latria'etTionns'ustto btehepaciodritrnaory"!.
ings were payable of common right, he bad no doubt his
Learned Friend. Mr. Losh, as a lawyer, would allow. In sup-
port of his arguments, he would only quote. two casese-one in
• ,the Court of Exchequer, and another Egerton and Hill," in
Iptil of which they were decided to be payable of common right,
though Axil), claimed by custom. The origin of Easter Offerings
could not be satisfactorily traced, but their being due of common
right wasof course sufficient. Haying said so much, he would
pow come to the township of Chester-le-Street. Mr. Nesfield
claimed le. Bd. from Peter Watson, for two years' Easter Offer-
hip. -Mr. Nesfield is the incumbent of Chester-le-Street. and
of course entitled to the payment now demanded of Pater 'Wet-
. sen. These Offerings were paid to different individuals, and in
different places in different manners. In sonic places they were
;Aida° thteßectoes, in others to the Vicars, and in others again
to the Lay Impropriators-; and it is not a little hard that, in, all
those diseuesions which had so lately been befere the public, the
Clergy should be stigniatiia ei the only persons by whom all
those Tithes, Oblations, and Offerings are absorbed. When
charges of this nature were brought againstthis respectable body
'of -men, it should be borne in recolleetton, that they were not
the only men who eat up the good things these Offerings afford-
ed, but that there were'also such tnen as. Lay Impropriators, in
whole possession at least-half of them were.; They would know
that the first step of Henry VIII., when he began his refortne-
tion, and diseolveti all the monasteries, the, reads of which, by
this meaeure, Caine into his possession, wee to grant them to lay
p_erson?, and that under certain grants from him, not only great
Tithes, but Mao small Tithes', Oblations, and Easter Offerings,
became the property of Lay Impropriators. Mt. Nesfield had
been the incumbent of Chester-le-Street for 30 yeere, and had
Always claimed and received those Easter Offerings by common
right and Common hence, of every house in that township, with
(he ex
noiiexcepplatiionn o .
,t t
The
ilivo,
„.tuutililiotuliseecsawithseicohf
wererexxecnelpotieodn,hweewreoutilltel
Deanery and Garden House.. The cotieuaraty uher.aes,itnhefurreisniedrentiemeeosf,
was a Collegiate Church, and
the Dan of the College. ' Now it Wu,: a maxim in Le.
chmie, Zech-site decimal! 'son earit"--(The church does not pay
tithes to the church) ;—and therefore the Dean naturally would
not pay tithes to himself ; • and the garden house being in like
manner the residence of the Dean's gardener, it was not ex-
pected lie should pay any. lithe to his master. Peter might,
perhaps, have heen induced to suppose, that these two solitary
exceptions had destroyed the uniformity of the custom, and
that the exempting of these two houses was sufficient to do
away the claim upon all the others in Chester-lee Street. If
only one house in fifty paid, it made no variation in the cus-
tom., The sum deniunded on the part of Mr. Nesfield was
tenpence ; —now, if aliberal and affluent individual chow to say,
"'Your demand is tenpence, 'there is a pound note ;" that
'would not alter the Custom.;—that was a present, a gratifica-
tion ; but it would not alter the'practice. If, on the contrary,
the 13c1. should be demanded of a poor inhabitant, who was
unable to afford so Much, or whose poverty precluded him from
giving any thing sit all, still that did •not alter the custom ; , but
left it, as it is, perfect in 'all its parts ; anti unless Mr. Watson
could chew some 'variation of a more fatal nature, the case for
the consideration of the Bench would be contained in very nar-
row bounds. He should call before them a number of witnesses,
to show the uniformity of the custom ;—the first would be the
Parish Clerk, who would tell them, from the earliest period
of his recollection, their ancient usage anti custom. He
also had other witnesses; anti he could•produce books also to
Thew, that they had been uniformly collected for a longer d
been led to expect
pe-
riod ; but it would perhaps only involve die case in greater in ys-
tery than it need be. How then was this case
al
told did not o
be
answered?
For his part, lie thought it was unanswerable. He was glad
tiea would, hiltd, caebadelni)loyedaCi li al
dhulcttlile A
so own
nPcluulsasent asa he (Mr. Cookson)
Counsel confined himself to rules and re-
strictions, which people like Mr. Watson were not acquainted
with, and therefore found it difficult to observe. 111 r. Losh, on
the part of the defendant, would make a speech (and lie had no
doubt it would appear at full length in the newspapers),
shewing the impolicy and inexpediency of the custom; or
perhaps that Peter Watson was u dissenter, (for his part he
knew nothing of the man,) anti, therefore, like the Quakers
ought to resist the payment of all tidies to the established
Church—and perhaps at some future time the legislature might
be induced to take the circumstances into their consideration,
and alter the laws; but as the case stood now, all his learned
friend's arguments and ingenuity would be ineffectual. He then
called their attention to an Act, the 7th end 11th of William I 11.
chap. 0. an Act for the more effectual recovery of small Tithes.
If Watson's witnesses can contradict the legality of Easter
Offerings, for God's sake let us have at end put to them, at
least in the township of Chester-le-Street. Ile (Mr. Cookson)
had known Mr. Nesfield from•his earliest youth, and he firmly
believed him to be the last man in the world to demand that
which he did not honestly and conscientiously think to be right,
The Learned Counsel made a few more unimportant remarks,
and sat down, relying upon his case being too strong to be over-
turned.
Mr WI LIZ N SON then prOCCedt'd to call
agentt -of
t
Win. Pybus, who said lie had been parish clerk of (Moder-
le.Street thirty years. Ile because a resident in the parish on
the Ist of January, 1731. On the Easter Monday in that
year
iten wcausracte,
Celle upon
pßoiend
Easter Offerings. He demanded the sum of tenpence, anti
lev b
Reverend Matthias Walker
John Nelson) to pay the
the ge
anewxpitalacsnastionno.t ullnedewriastatnodldintgixtbpeentvmetanvas paid the Ing of
ift requestedr an offer-
ing hen—one penny for smoke, or reek money, and three,
huMenee each for hunselt' and wife, as communicants above
the age of sixteen years, and which he was informed was due
from every occupier of a house or tenement in the parish. Ten
years after, (in 1791) Ile was employed by the Rev. William
wNeenstfl erlod
utiot cov 'parish LE
hintas tosuheesw,
hint
k they cearlied a
ssont
every bowie iu Chester-le-Street, with the exception of two,
the Deanna,
and the. House, which Walker told him,
they never called at. •During the whole 10 years before he
himself began to collect the Easter Dues he regularly paid
them. Ile had frequently had conversations with many old
people who are now dead, respecting time
payment of does, And
they all acknowledged the claim. Some hail paid without re-
quiring any explanatiop, and. others who
the same ;is heldinself been told, the particulars of the de-
already required it were told
unmet. Leery since hie appointment as collector, lie had uni-•
fortnly received the dues, with the exception of the two houses.
instances where. the po-
verty of the parties. preventod an application being mode.—
mentioned, and in a few other 1
When a house Islet into tenements, every family pays the same.,
Witnees knows Peter Wation, 'and either hint or his wife, lie
cannot precisely recollect which, paid him tenpence for Easter
Offerings in the year 18111, which was the taut time his name

was entered in the books. lie has been a resident in Chester-
le-Street ever since. In 1819 be refused to pay them.
Mr. Loss rose to cross-examine this witness, when, in an-
swer to his first question, Mr. ry bus said, " I ant very sorry,
Sir, but Pm rather dull in hearing."
The CHAJILMAN—But Mr. Iybus, you must hear-that gen-
tleman as well as the other. Witness proceeded—Never under-
stood that the sixpence for the offering hen was due at Martin-
mas t to the best of his knowledge it was due at Easter. It. a
house was divided, so that every room was occupied by a distinct
family or person, every room is liable to the-payment al:aster
0 Wert ngs
Mr. Loser--Now, Sir, I ask you if a family were living in a
house without r a fire-place. would you demand this teak or
smoke penny ?
Witness-1 never kne* a family live in a house without a
fire.place.—(A laugh.)
Mr. Loses—Nov, Sir, you have had your laugh, and the
Court theirs : I shall Inman answer to my question—would
you demand the smoke penny ?
Witness—lf I had found a family living in a bowie without
a fire-place, I should most likely have made my claim.
Mr. Loses--What ! would you charge them with the smoke
penny, whether they raised It or not ?—(A laugh.)
Witness continued—Does not recollect whether Peter Watson
or his wife paid him. Speaks from the entry in his books, and
not from a recollection of the fact.

The Learned Counsel here produced a summons which Mr.
Pybus had obtained against a person of the name of Tinn, for
Easter Dues, &c. and was proceeding to examine the witness
upon it, when Mr. P. observed, " John Tinn does not live in
Chester-le-Stroet."
Mr. Liner—Well, Sir, what of that ?
Witness—Well, Sir, I should think then, that paper has
nothing to do with this cause.—(A loud laugh.)
Witness proceeded—lie had obtained a summons against
Tinn for lm. 2d. which included the Clerk's groat. He was
told by Mr. Burrell he could not include it as not being due to
Mr. Nestield, and he had inserted it to obtain it fur his own be-
nefit. There is only one house called the Deanery, but there
has been recently a lodge builti which being in the precincts of
the Deanery grounds, lie considered exempt. If houses were
built all over the Deanery' grounds, he ditl not know whether
or not they would be liable to Easter Offerings • he thought it
would puzzle a Counsellor ! ! Does not know how many acres
the Deanery grounds may contain. He has not the least idea.
There are several townships in the parish of Cliester,le-street,
which vary in the amount of the sum demanded for Easter
Offerings. Chester-le-street pays tenpence ; Ouston only
threepence, whilst the township of Lainbton pays nothing
at all. Re-examined by Mr. WI Watson's
house is not in the precincts of the garden. The dues must
have been paid in 18111, or it could not have been entered in his
books. .

. .
A book was then produced which contained the names of
those who paid Easter Dues in 1718.
Thomasia Robson, a canny, tidy-looking old woman, aged
85 years, who had lived about 70 years in Chester-le-street;
George Brown, aged 79 ; Robert hay, aged 77 ; and Robert
Wardrapper, who had all lived in Chester..le-street for almost
all their lives, deposed to Easter Dues having been uniformly
collected In that parish.
Mr. Losn, on the part of the Appellant, then proceeded to
address the Jury. He said, he thought his learned.friend bad
dealt rather hurdle with his client, Mr. Watson, in his open-
lag address ; for his part, lie saw no reason why this .cause
should not be conducted like all other cases..---he (Mr. LoSh)
had known Mr. Nesfield as king as his Learned Friend, and he
would not say he would be the last, but he would be one of the
last men in the world to say any thing against his character,
but would always be ready with his testimony to his private
worth—bat what had been Mr. C.'s conduct in this case towards,
his (Mr. L.'s) client ? lie had called him u crusader,
an itine-
rant, and a man going about the country deceiving the people.
Now, this was unjust, inasmuch as it hail nothing to do with the:
case before the Court. It. was not a question viiiith depended:
upon private character, but it was simply upon a point of law,
whether Mr. Nesfield, as the incumbent Curate of Chester-le-
street, had a legal claim to collect kastcr Offiringa ; and if Mr.
Peter Watson thought conscientiously they were not due by
law, why should he he prevented opposing %hut he eon,
ceived un unjust demand ? or why in consequence of not
being in affluent circumstances himielf, was he to be pre-
vented soliciting the assistance of ethers, or publishing
papers and pamphlets •uu the subject ? These, he (the
Learned Counsel) was sorry to say, he had never read. It was
the duty of his Learned Friend (Mr. Cookson) to have proved
more satisfactorily than he had done, Mr. Nesliehl's claim to
those Easter Offerings ; the only way in which he had attenipted
to spew it was custom. His claims do not appear in any other
form than by usage. His Learned Friend bud stated the prac-
tice was uniform ; but how had he proved it ? In some places
he told them, they were 'paid to the Rectors, in others to the
Vicars, and in others to the Lay Impropriators. Mr. Nestield
was the incumbent of Chester-le-Street, a parish which con-
tained several townships, and yet it appeared the payments
varied ; how then could the custom be uniform, he should like
to know P In the township of Lambton, for instance.. Mr.
Nestield did not receive them ; and whether Mr. Lambton re-
ceived them himself, or whether they were paid at all, it was
quite certain that they were not pocketed by Mr. Nesfield. At
Ouston, tep, only threepence was demanded, and yet. they were
told that the custom was uniform,--that it was perfect in all its
parts. Ile had endeavoured to ascertain over what quantity of
ground the Deanery grounds extended because they bad been
told that a lodge, which had been recently built within its Pre-
cineta, was exempted; and on his asking Mr. Pybus if the
whole ground was built upon would all the houses be exempted,
he said, he thought it would puzzle a counsellor! Nor he
(Mr, Lush) thought it would dp no such thing, tbr from the
law maxim his Learned Friend had quoted, and which simply
meant " The Church pays not to itself," it was evident that
they would not be exempt. Mr. Cookson had called Mr. Pybus,
the parish clerk, who produced an old book, to do what? why
to shew that Easter Offerings were due. Nny who ever de-
nied it? I admit that they are due; .but the question is, to
whom are they due ?—and he thought some stronger proof of
the legality of Mr. Nesfield's claim should be produced before
the court could allow it. He would call no witnesses, but left
his case in the hands of die Bench.

---111Teiii:Ncit conferred, and it was unanimously decided that
the Magistrates' Conviction be confirmed. The Rev. W. Nes-
field and Mr. Peter Airistson were both in Court ; the former on
the bench, but he retired as did all the other clerical 3lagis.
traces before the Court decided on the question.—(Frem thr
Durham Advertiser if 0:t. 23.)

HYDitoPIIOBIA AT LIVEHPOOL.---A most shock.
ing case of hydrophobia was reported at this infirmary last
week. The name of the unfortunate individual was Ulu' ellen,
and he resided at Walton, where he was bitten by a clog in a
orauttyildasstta week,te turd h
, ao long since
was conveyed
neeaslastNovetnoibe the r.
infirmary,tie die
in whichiebroke
place he expired last Friday, in the most dreadful agonies.—.
(Liverpool Mercury.)
EXTttAolrolNAttY 11/SCAM—A short time ago
a prisoner in the jail at Bristol confessed to the jailer where an
acquaintance of his was carrying on the business of coining at
Birmingham, and accurately described the intricacies anti nutlet;
through which any one would have to pass before he could ur.
rive at the mint ; relying on this information, the jailer, =out,
panied by an intelligent officer, went to Birmingham, and pur.
suing the instructions given, they found every thing correct,
and pounced upon the comer while engaged in Ins manufactory.
' The man instantly submitted himself to the intruders, saying_
" I am sold ; for no one could have found me out without a
split; anti as 1 know my doom, I must bear it like a man, and
will go with you quietly wherever you please, only permit me to
wash myself and put on my coat.' Finding their prisoner so
submissive, the jailer and 'the efficei readily granted the in.
dulgence required ; the man deliberately washed his hands and
face, and having pretty nearly prepared himself, r. 4 it was
thought, to go away, he all at once gave a jump on the floor,
and descended as quick as lightning through a trap door, which
was as instantly closed, and the jailer and his companion were,
fur the moment, petrified with astonishment. On recovering
from their amazement, they tried the same experiment, but
they hall not the talisman, and the trap door would not yield to
their Obits, and they now sought to return by the same way
that they had entered, in order to give an alarm and pursue the
fugitive, when to their no swell mortification and alarm, they
found their retreat cut off by the door throuh which they en-
tered being closed upon them ; and in this distressing dilettanti
they remained for between two and three hours, tusking ai
much noise as they could, to excite attention and obtain assist-
ance. And at last, on again trying the door, they found the
fastening had been taken off, and to their great joy.they made
their escape. The implements were taken possession of, but
the offender 1188 hitherto citadel) justice.

(From Me liingitois Public Advertiser of Arse. 24.)
ft will be seen, on reference to a commuuice-
tion from the Secretary of the Foreign Affairs of Colombia, that
the repast of our Admiral, for the suspension of an order re.
lative to dig rights of that State to the exclusive trade of the
Indian coast, hash= denied.

Thafollowing letters on this subject were received by. WI
Ilonouttlie Mayor, front ViCe-Adiniral L. W. Ilalsted‘,
.

,i•Serapis, Port Royal Harbour, Jamaica, Aug. 22.
" Sir,—With reference to my letter to you of the 3th.ft of
April last, relative to the, trade with the Indians on the Mos-
quito shore, I beg you'will be pleased to make known, in the
usual manner, for the information of those interested therein:
the enclosed copy of a letter there-received from the Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs of the Colombian Republic; in re-
ply to the represen:atiohnayseltzadhcononoutrhitsobe,
subject.
" I &c., - •
" L. W. HAIATED,
" Vice-Admiral and Commander-in-Chief:
" To his Honour the Mayor of-Kington."
" REPUBLIC OP COLOMBIA.

• cc Secietarrof State's-office for Foreign AffkirS,
. • • . Bogota, June 19, 18•24.
" To his Excellency Vice-Admiral Sir Lawrence Halsted,
K.C.8., Cornmander-in-Chief of his Britannic Majesty's
ships and vessels in the West Indies, &c.
",Sir,—Colonel Hamilton, his Britannic Majesty's principal
Commissioner to the Colombian Government, has had the
'kindness to deliver to me your Excellency's communication of
the :10th of April last, relative to the trade now carrying on be-
tweeti the:island of Jamaica and the coasts of the Mosquitoe of
Darien and Goagira, accompanied by a copy of the peoceodings
of a meeting of the merchants and underwriters,- held in the
city of Kingston, relative to the same subject; anhaving,su
mined your said communication to the consideration of the
Executive, I am directed to make you 'the following reply :
" As far back as the year 1819, the provinces composing the
old Captaincy-General of Venezuela, and the kingdom of Gre-
nada, were united into one single body under the name of
' Republic of Colombia.' Under our primitive fundamental
law, ass well as under that which was-subsequently premulgated
in a inure solemn mummer on the 18th 0fJ,41,y, 1821, it was de.
creed that the boundaries of the Republics should be the same
as thotte of Venezuela and of New Grenada, when those *Ain.
'tries were subject to the jurisdiction at' the King of Spain.
• " Long before this important act of the onion had passed, the
limits of iNlew Grenada were perfectly defined, and laid down.
They reached from the coasts in the neighbourhood of Jtiertalea,
as far as Cape Oracles a Dios, including the island of Saint
Andres, and others adjacent to it. The part of the coast tram
Cape Grades a Dios to the river Chagres appertained for some
time to the Captaincy-General of Guatimals ; •but all this ter-
ritory was finally incorporated. with New,Orenada, on the I.lla,
of November, 1801 keicr since that period, the Spanish. A-
uthorities exercised over this part of the Country, as well as over
the•other provinces' under their jurisdiction, all thoie acts at-
tendant on the poWerand dominion which Spain maintained over
the lafitis (as well cultivated us uncultivated) of New Grimada,
the possession of which is now completely vested in theltellfiblic •
of Colombia. •

" The 'merchants and underwriters of Jamaica know pelfect.
ly well, that although the. British
..Authotities countenanced
their trade With the ileighbouring'CoutsAtionging to the coun-
try, their persons, vessels; and cargoes, were nevertlieless,con:
scantly exposed to the vigilance of the Spanish gutirtla- costa*,
and to the risk of being captured by them wbeneverthey might
be detected trading on the Said coasts. While the Spanish' G -
vernment existed here, its orders on this heed were attended fa
and carried into execution in the most vigorous manner t. and I
can assure your Excellency, that until the year 1819, vessels
from Jamaica were condemned at Carthagena, Without their
ever having been reclaimed by the Britis Government, this
traffic being considered illegal, according to the law of 41 civi-
lized nations; and in truth it is very evident, that one of the
most essential rights inherent in power ,and dominion, is that
which every country ought .to possess of regulating rte internal
and external cotranerce in the manner that may appear must just
and convenient to its own interests.

" Luring this long war, the Colombian Governinent abltained
nevertheless from making use of its right, until it had completo
the posseSsion of her territory ; the attainment of which object
gave rise to the present contest.
'‘ Having rrow fully -established this possession, by means of
the victories that have been obtained by the Colombian arms
over the Spaniards, the empire of the Republic remained, la
fact, and by riht established over the territory of ancient
New Grenada and Venezuela ; and it was under these circum-
stances that the Government issued the order of the 9th of
Match, the Suspension of which you require, until it rrthy be
made known ,to His Britannic Majesty's Govettiment, and un-
til satisfactory arrangements can, be made on behalf of all par-
ties concerned.

" Permit me, holever, to observe to your Excellency, that
the Colombian tiThverninent doea not. see :my 'necessity, for this
suspension. The before-mentioned order does not lay dowu
any thing contrary to the provisions of the ancient law—far
from it : the relations of the merchants of Jamaica with die
uncultivated coasts of Colombia are now placed upon a much
more advantageous footing than that upon which they were
under the ancient dominion of Spain. These relations may, in
time, be rendered still better, and some restrictions may even be
abolished ; but this must be the result of a special agreement
with His Britannic Majesty's Government, as soon as the Re-
public of Colombia shall have been finally acknowledged.
" What I have now stated appears to me sufficient to expose
the futility of the grounds upon which the merchants and tin-
derwriters of Jamaica have founded the documents which they
addressed to you: Although the Republic has not any .esta-
blishment on these coasts, this is no reason why she should, not
exercise over them the dominion and power which she has law-
fully acquired. Such a principle would be pernicious to the
peace and tranquillity of the • civilised world, and would give
rise to endless discords and disgusts.
" (live me leave to add another reason, whicTi in irititnately
'connected with the repose of Colombia, in the actual state of
warf.ire in which she is unfortunately engaged. The, Spa-
niardssavages, in order to increase the horrors and catatonia'
of the snuggle. It is very probable, now that they do
have on several occasions availed themselves of the
not
may renew their intrigues with those 'wandering tribes, who have
pesos one single spot of land in this. country, that they
no borne whatever., and whom it is but. too easy to employ when
they are permitted to carry death, pillage, and desolation among
their neighbours. Humanity require!, then, that every legal
means ahribld be resorted to that may tend to• prevent loc a
horrid state of things ; and I trust. your Excellency, that no
measure is, or can he efficacious as the prohibition of every kind
of foreign trade with them direct.
" The direct trade—that is, the trade carried on from our
ports in national and foreign vessels, with(iougna, Darien, and
the part of the itinsquito coast belonging to Colombia—is per-
mittedby my Government in the most liberal form. Such ves.
sell as may be desirous afrommunicating with these coasts, anti
of trading with the ravages, have no other obligation to fulfil
than that of coming to WO nearest port open to foreign trade,
and of entering at the customhouse their respective cargoes,
from from which must be excluded all articles generally known by'
twelve reels per ton. After complying with this formality, the
is bound, without being exposed to the ali tea which -
vthees,enitinmietiyof'p
t trouble or vtliii^
lion from the guartia costae of the Republic.
" This practice, as rational as it i a just, is already in toter'
and vigour in several parts, eapeciall • ' •
Y ‘ioagira, ale Ilk
submitted to it without any kind of re 1"
a leave
submitted }I is to
be presumed that the, merchants and
secure and legal trade, like the oneutneerw_,liters will Prefer a
offered to them by titer
means, to another, like the form
Subjeet Accidents of a prejudicialeP"e' which was
clu)suu"
o b!lature 1.. their interest% t
" the mean' time theCo
.your Excellency will feel satisfiedn" (I°Teilunlll;,%6lBf
Jamaica to the uncultivated that
trade.ilyr ft
coasts of Colombia is ag 1 and
that as such it can
not receive the protectionwhich t , roar-
chants and underwriters have *nest it 4 With of
the greatest respect and consideration, I.ha sentimentsve the-honour to be
your lACellenCy's most obedient humble servant,
(Signed) " PEDRO QUAL."