The Sun.
London, England, 1824-11-02 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICA.

.
By the packet from Buenos Ayres, which
•
sailed from thence on the 28th of August, we have received pri-
vate letters and files of papers to that date, which *comma-
cate various details of the state of the contest in Peru. 'They,
possess the interests which naturally belong to the last act of
that eventful drama—the fall attic Spanish power in Aineride,
catastrophethe of which has long been foreseen liy'alredleet.;
log persons. The most curious portion of the intelligenoe.is
that which relates to the diSsension of the Royalist Generals ire
Perii, and the defection of Olaneto, the staunchest Rciyitlist of
them all, which is now in substance confirmed, though not as
the result of a battle, or in the manner stated by the dispatch
of the Intendant of Truxillo: It is affirmed by the editor of
the Argos, s Buenos Ayres Journal, and apparently. with jue.
Lice, that the original cause of these dissensions was not an at-
tachment by any of the leaders' either to the Royalist or the
constitutional cause, but motives of personal aggrandizement
eloue—a sentiment not unfrequently paramount to every other.
These motives, aggravated by a series of insulting treatment on
the part of La ierna, of Valdez. and of Canterac, excited so
violent a feeling in the breast of.Oltineta, that to gratify his
revenge he formed an alliance with Colonel Lanza, a pa-
triot officer, who had long carried on a species of guerilla
warfare against the Royalists in Upper Peru, and placed
himself in open hostility against his former colleague.—
Such was the bitterness of Olaneta for the injurious treat-
ment he had, in his own opinion received, that he took a step
which, unless blinded by passion, he would have seen must
have ended in the ruin of them all. By the latest accounts re-
ceived at Buenos-Ayres from Salta, Valdez and Olaneta
were on the point of coming to a general action, having
previously, as is stated, had several skirmishes of no great
moment. It still remains to be cleared up in what man-
ner the union of Olaneta with Colonel Lanza became
known to Bolivar, who was placed at a distance of 500 leagues
from either, yet appears to have known it early in May, and to
have founded on it that dispatch to the Congress at Bogato, in.
which he informs them that no further reinforcements were ne-
cessary. Of the date, too, of the alliance with Colonel Lanza,
we have no information, though, front circumstances, we may
conjecture it to have taken place early in .April. It was not,
however, till the 20th of .tune that Olaneta made known, by a
proclamation issued a Potosi, his disagreement with the other
Spanish Generals. In this document, which is published in
the Buenos Ayres papers, he makes no mention of his new ally,
of whom, perhaps, he felt a little ashamed, but enters at great
length into the state of politics in Spain, and the ground of his
differences with Canterac, La Serna, and Valdez. lie evidently
alludes to him, however, when he says, that " the duty of de-
fending and preserving entire the rights of the King, had forced
him to take steps as repugnant to himself as they were forced
upon him by imperious circumstances." In one passage of his
proclamation, he charges his rivals with having the intention
to keep possession of Peru for the purpose of 'affiwiling an asy-
lum to those fugitives driven from Spain by their attachment
to the Constitution. Without entering further into particulars
whirls the near approach of the catastrophe must deprive of all
interest, it may be sufficient to say, that the strength of Olaneta,
and his opposition at so critical a period, necessarily paralyzed
the efforts of nearly half of the Spanish army in Pent. The
facts which occurred subsequently to his proclamation may be
briefly described. On the approach of Valdez, Olaneta sud-
denly changed his quarters from Potosi, which lie left on the
25th of June, to Tarija, carrying off with him, however, all
the moveable property on which he could lay his hands. lie
was likely to furnish ample employment for Valdez, having
adopted a desultory mode of warfare, for which his knowledge
of the country, and his numerous connexions in it, .gave him
great advantages. Valdez was understood even to experience
great difficulties in obtaining the requisite supplies fur his
troops. Colonel Lanza, acting under Olaneta, is said to have
had possession of the road from Oruro. to Cochabamba; and
Marquiegui, President of Charcas, with Colonel Somocuso,
was covering the line of approach to Tarija.
Canterac, on his side, has been beset with difficulties. Pro.
&mations, accompanied with threats of extermination,,for
giving refuge and support to some of the partisan Chiefs, have
been addressed to the inhabitants of the Sierra or mountainous
districts, but without effect. Ills offers, too, to bribe those
Chiefs to desert the independent cause, have been treated with
contempt. By the latest information received by way of Buenos.
Ayres, this General, on whom the whole brunt of the contest
has fallen, was in the Slera de Jauja, with 7,000 troops of the
line. Bolivarai plan of attack was to divide his army into three
corps. One division, commanded by Gen. Sucre, marched
along the Sierra, and on the 14th of June was 17 leagues from
the valley of Janie, above which Canterac had chosen his po-
sition. Gen. Miller, at the head of 2,000 cavalry, was march.
ing on Lima. Bolivar remained in the rear with the reserve,
acting as a protection to the corps of Sucre and Miller, and
waited only the arrival of the last reinforcement of 3,500 men
from Guayaquil, to make a movement against Camerae. 80.
liver had with him a force of 16,000 men. All the accounts by
way of Buenos-Ayres agree in predicting a result of the con-
test in favour of the Independent army.
A Buenos-Ayres Paper, the Argos, of the 25th of August,
contains the following account of a change of Government
in Chile :—" On the 19th of July, the Director Freyre,
being unable to give movement to the machine of this Go-
vernment, divested himself of his authority before the Senate;
hut having learnt that this body would not receive his resig-
nation, he declared to them that he would retain the command
of the military force, as the oldest General of the Republic.—
'ln these circumstances, the Senate, being under the neces-
sity of coming to some resolution, called into their presence the
Ministers of State, and required them to request of the Director
a detailed statement of the articles which,' in his opinion, im-
peded the exercise of his authority, in order that they might
proceed to reform or to suspend them. The Ministers resisted
that Government
whole no
this call, declaring that-in the opinion of the
reform of the Constitution could take place, for
of it was radically wrong. The Senate being embarrased with
this discussion, and unable to come to any definite resolution, a
part of the people met in the gala Capitnlar, to take such
measures as the case required. This latter body proceeded in
fact to appoint a Governor, and the choice fell ou Fuentecilla,
who immediately published an order, convoking the people to
the Sala Capitular. About 200 of them having assembled,
Gen. Freyc was declared Director of the State; by acclamation.
At the some time it was resolved, that the Constitution sanc-
tioned in 1023 should be abrogated ; that the Senate should be
abolished, anti that a commission should be appointed to revise
the Constitution of 1010. After these steps were taken, the
and
nothing tranquillity cgra tvl e e
ipeople
reasonof tto Chile
fueaswrt
.ht returnediiicaTi:hiwteewniti oloanavilerittst
in-
terrupted.'
tthtersof Afro:: extracted Drano
former
li
againetseth2ti
ihne
trout
the
d addition nt
otothtel e2l4e
e
vl
yield
iwet
thought
ndogut
ogd
he thec r
preceding,. summary, we have received Rio Janeiro Gazettes
evoann,,tainwine, ani
ltt,ihnregiftioaol
rreoe:pp—erreateon tdaitsimonisss ofrfomthethße
serviceG Go.
the National and Imperial Navy, Captain John Taylor, cm-
mending him highly for the great zeal and intelligence which
lash displaped in all the commissions with which he has been in.
trusted. My Supreme Military Council will hold itself bound
to observe and cause to be executed this decree.
" Palace of Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 7, 1824.
(Signed) "'TILE EMPEROR.
(Countersigned) " FRANCISCO VILLELA BORLIOZA,"
The Diario of the 20th had prepared us for this official paper
by the following article:—" There are national sacrifices which
arc really hard, but which policy renders necessary and indis-
pensable. Our Government has Just made one of these sacri-
fices to policy and to the friendship of Great
Britain. 'rho
brave and intrepid Taylor, we arc assured, has just been dis-
mimed from our naval service, this having
.been required by
Great Britain because Mr. Taylor quitted its service and en.
tered into that of Brazil. Our navy suffers a severe loss in the
dismissal of Sir. Taylor. This officer had chosen the Southern
Ocean to 'be the theatre of his glory, and had already sur-
rounded the Imperial Throne with the first trophies of his
labours. Ile was the first who showed our flag before the
Tagus, and who with the greatest zeal maintained a strict
blockade of Pernambuco during four months of a stormy win-
ter ; and it is in the beginning of so brilliant a career that Eng.
lisp policy deprives us of this brave man, and obliges him to
withdraw from the service of his Imperial Majesty and the
nation.
" But at the same time that we lament the dismissal of Mr.
Taylor from the service of the nation, we congratulate our. ,
selves on his heroic resolution not to abandon the empire of
Brazil, of which he considers himself as an adopted son.
This fact we state on hie-own authority. Our conviction on
ahis'subject is increased'hy a general report, that this gallant.
001C'et :Is about to be married in a few days ,to an mom-

plishedi beautiful, and amiable lady, the daughtef of one of
the chief families of this state—in union which pro Mises great'
advantages noronly .by attaching to us a man so necessary, but
by the interest which he, will sheW as a citizen of Brazil and ,
father of a familY, in the progressive increase of our prosperity.
To possess so excellent an oflicer,-ii io pass a treasure.' Hid
tory points out:to us the assistancevhich has been given AO na-
tions in the most critical periods of their existence by Generall
dismissed from service. Their country ought to Consider them
as shields of reserve, of Infinite importance.' Let tut Cengratu,
hue ourselves, therefore,. on the resolution of this desorvioit
officer, and offer him the testimony. of our respect and consi.
deralion." • • ' • • • •
The gentleman above referred to was Lieutenant of a British
frigate.. •, In this frigatA.he was ,superseded, in orticr,to be.
pointed to another ; but during the time that he was *taking
for the xrrival'of the latter 'ship', ha resigned hitt British come
:mission, and accepted connuand in.; the setvice of the. Em-
peror' of :Brazil. 'The- about ;article allycles 'to his display!
mg the Brazil flag on the coast of Portugal, and this, pra-
balgy wait one of the "reasons why bii , dismissal' from the
Brad navy was made a point -of :importAneo with the
'fish Government. As, however, Mr, Taylor had, resigned
his British, before he accepted his conimission;
we Cannot tee any 'ground on which our Government' could •irs,
.terfere to procure his dismissal from the navy of, the
,Enipcmri
which would not likewise warrant them in demanding the dis-
.missal of Lord Cochrane, or any other Englishman who chose
to surrender the advantages of home, in order ;to secure the•in
tentiattionnn.maln‘hhe,
oGrogavenrnamtennnt
farof Rinio
ads!
signing the interposition of England as a motive for this un-,
dependencej aneiJaneiro
has
gracious and suicidal eitertion of authority ; and it. may, ere
SI:CI foreign nation.
long, have occasion to see that this is licit the only attack that
will be made upon its independence, or the only concession
that will be extorted from its weakness.

We observe by the file of papers before us, that the electiona
for members to the new Legislature are going on with great
order and reasonable dispatch. Embassies sent from Pernatn4
buco before its surrender, to revolutionise Bahia, have been
there taken prisoners. ' • •
We observe in the Diario of the 12th of AugUst, that the tith ofj
the same month was a brilliant day for the Court of Brazil. On
that day took place the solemnity of the bapt kin of an Imperial
Princess, born the Ad ; and the Emperor Don Pedro made as
many promotions, civil, judicial, military, and naval, as any
legitimate Potentate of Europe would have done on a similar
occasion. We find that •no less than 50" Knights were added
to the Order of Christ, and a proportionate number of Grand
Crosses, Officers, and Knights, to the Order of the Cross.
Among the officers of the latter order we find the name of the
identical Captain John. Taylor, who was dismissed the Brazi-
lian service two days before. It may gratify some of our loyal
readers to see the name of this transatlantic Princess. It is no
less than the following, and we must pity the poor Bishop who
Officiated if he had not a good. memory :—ller Imperial High-
ness Senhora Donna Fraocisca-Carolina-Joanna•Charlotta,
Leopoldina of the Angels-Romanti-Xavier-de.Paula.lllicaella-
Oalmella-Rafaellu-Gonstiga. If the Empress continues to
bless Brazil with Princesses, anti the Emperor is equally liberal
of names, he must soon exhaust the calendar. Without it'prO,
per explanation, the fortunate Prince who may hereafter obtain.
a promise of the hand of Donna Francisca-Carolina-Joanna.
Charlotta-Leopoldina of the Angels-II on:aria-Xavier-de-Paula-
-I%licaella-Gabriella.Rafaella-Gonzaga, may think that he is
going to marry a family of ten daughters at once.—( Times.) • •