The Sun.
London, England, 1841-11-10 00:00:00

THE QUEEN DOWAGER.

prehend. The Messrs. BARING show, no doubt
as great a balance in their favour from their
trade to New York as any other house can show
from the most extensive trade- between London.
and Manchester. The same principle holds
good through all trade ; and foreign, like do-
mestic trade, is only carried on so long as it is
advantageous to those engaged in it.
Its continuance, therefore, is prima facie evi-
dence that it is of advantage to the traders. Go-
vernment has no royal or divine means of ascer-
taining what is for the good of its subjects but
by consulting their pursuits and deferring to
their wishes. It may be sure, therefore, that no
merchants will engage in a foreign trade any
more than a home trade which does not benefit
them, and unless it act on the, principle that it
knows the business of the merchants better than
they know their own business,. it can with no
more propriety interfere with foreign trade than
home trade. Trade, then, is gOverned and re-
gulated by principles of its own, totally oppo-
site, as we have shown, to the principles on
which Governments are founded and bound to
act ; and they ought to be able to demonstrate
that the trade of in6ividuals is an injury to the
public—a very difficult task—be:bre they pre-
sume to meddle with it.

The following is the copy of the bulletin re-
ceived this morning at Marlborough House :
" The Queen Dowager had some hours of re-
refreshing sleep in the night, but there is no alle-.
viation of her Majesty's symptoms this morning."
(Signed) " DAVID DAVIES, M.D.
" Sudbury Hall, Nov. 9, 1841."

From a fuller knowledge and a clearer appre-
hension of the contrary principles of trade and
Government than we possess, or have been able
to explain, Mr. DEACON HUME, in his evidence
before the Import Duties Committee, stated that
" if we gave up our protective system, it would
be impossible for other countries to retain theirs
much longer." He knows that if our people
are willing to buy, and foreigners willing to sell,
and Governments did not interfere, buying
and selling would infallibly take place, and re-
gulate themselves by the mutual advantage of
buyers and sellers. He knows that all trade
is barter, and that our merchants will carry
on no foreign trade which causes a loss to
them. If they are benefited by it, why
does the Government snatch that benefit
from them ? If they are not benefited by it
stop that trade must, whatever may be the regu-
lations of Czars and Parliaments. Mr. D. HumE
knowing that trade has laws of its own, wholly
independent of Governments, and knowing, too,
that a great number of branches of foreign trade
had thriven and benefited the empire, in spite of
the denunciations of writers and the hostility of
lawmakers, very properly stated that he disliked
all treating about trade, which is an interference
of Government, and he would leave it to be re-
gulated by its own laws. We agree with Mr.
HumE, though it is now the fashion for every
scribbler to propose laws for trade, though it ex-
tend over the whole globe, and to recommend
settling it by treaty. Such matters seem to us
to be 'beyond the sphere of Government, and
those who recommend our Government to imi-
tate the Governments of France, Austria, and
Russia, the last of which banishes its subjects
who will neglect to plant potatoes, must be igno-
rant how completely those Governments have,
by their interference, crushed the soul of com-
merce. These writers ought to learn the distinc-
tion between trade and government.

Our Tory Contemporaries carefully omit to
notice one element in the general joy of the peo-
ple at the birth of a Prince of WALas. It puts
another bar to the accession of the CUMBER••
LAND branch of the Royal Family to the
Throne. They have that knowledge present
to their minds, and the general joy has a much
more rational foundation than is to he found in
the pages of the Tory Journals.

Since her INIAJEsTy's accession to the throne
she has conducted herself with great prudence
and great firmness, thanks to the excellent in-
structions which the Duke of. WELLINGTON ad-
mitted she had received from Lord MEL-
BO VIINE. She has lent to Royalty the
grace of many virtues, and renewed the lustre
of a splendid Crown, which gathers around it
the affections, hoarded forlmany ages, of a con-
fiding and warm-hearted people. The nation
takes a generous interest, therefore, in the persOn
Of her MAJESTY as well as her office, and delights
in believing that she is again a happy .young
mother, as it knows she is a Virtuous woman
and a liberal QUEEN.

The Tory papers publish with much approba-
tion the principal portion of an elaborate Charge
of Archdeacon BURNEr to the Clergy of the
Archdeaconry of St. Albans. In these times of
humiliation for the Church, when she is assailed
on all hands by powerful enemies, when admis-
sions of her negligence are made by her own
pastors, when she is split into factions, when her
brightest luminaries doubt her truth, and are
ready to return into the bosom of Roman Catho-
licism, it will probably be expected that the
Archdeacon should recommend a searching in-
vestigation into the principles of the Establish-
ment, and great humility and charity in all his
brethren. If he had told them to pry with ear-
nestness and sincerity into their own hearts, we
should have thought he had. done his duty to the
Church and his brethren. Alas ! for our discern-
ment ; the Rev. Gentleman is great in favour of
Church-rates, and is elaborate about the Brain-
tree case; he is also eloquent, discursive, and
learned about tithes, hints a little blame
to his
,brethren for being. proverbially
lenient in exacting their iightful dues, and shows
at considerable length that the Commutation of
Tithes Act is unjust and a failure, because a sta-
tute was not previously made, settling the mode
of levying rates and exonerating the clergy from
contributing as at present to the relief of the
poor. The Tithe Commutation Act was passed
with. a view to fix the rent charge, and prevent
the tithe-owners from exacting more and more
every year from those who cultivate the soil. In
the eyes of Dr. BURNEY to put a stop to these
exactions is wrong. The clergy ought to be
allowed to increase in wealth. whether they earn
it or not. He objects to the (-riitTh—Tliarge, there-fore,
that it is unimprovable while it is burdened with
rates. It pleases us to find that the renowned Act
of 1834, which is thought to be of so much impor-
tance by the landowners, is far from giving satis-
faction to their coparceners, the priests.

Some little confusion exists, we think, in the
minds and reasoning of our Contemporaries,
from not distinguishing between politics and
trade, or between the art of government and
the practice of interchange. There are, how-
ever, great and broad distinctions between them,
which, once pointed out, and always observed,
would save a great deal of foolish writing, and
prevent some still more pernicious acting.
First—let us remark, that they have a differ-
ent origin and different aims. Government
takes its rise, at least theoretically, in a common
agreement of all the governed, and its aim is
to protect the rights of all the people ; at least,
that is the intention. How it has succeeded,
must be ascertained from experience. Com-
merce or trade originates in the wants of indivi-
duals, and their selfish endeavours to gratify
those wants. Its sole aim and object is to bene-
fit those who engage in it—who make no preten-
sion to . confer benefit or protection on others.
It has been remarked, that when merchants
pretend to promote the public good, they wish to
conceal some nefarious design on the pockets of
their fellow-citizens. At the same time, com-
merce, like the greater number of those occupa-
tions in which men voluntarily engage to gratify
their own wants, adds to the public wealth,
strength, and happiness.

The legal learning displayed by Dr. BURNEY ig
very great, but if his Charge had been on some other
topic than how to escape the public charges, and
how to increase the income of the priesthood, it
would have worn a more Christian character.
The love of lucre, however, swells out in every
line, and if the faith of men be known by their
acts, as a tree is known by its fruits, Archdeacon
BURNEY is much more a worshipper of Mammon
than a follower ofCHRIST.

The line of policy which the French Govern-
ment is now pursuing towards Spain is most in-
famous. All the Journals under the influence
of the Court are labouring with might and main
to provoke some rash act on the part of the Spa-
nish people which may serve as a pretext
for the reappearance of a French army in the
Peninsula. Nothing would delight them more
than some insult offered to the French Consul at
Barcelona, or an attack upon the houses of the
French residents, so as to give the colour of a
justification to a regular war-cry. Louis PHI-
LIPPE, far from abandoning the idea of a mar-
riage between the young Queen 'of SPA IN and
the Duke d'AumA LE, is disposed to go all lengths
to realise this his darling project. Could he gain
over ESPARTERO there is no doubt but that he
would fling Madame Murtoz overboard; but the
RECENT cannot be brought to consent to an alli-
ance so manifestly injuriously to the honour and
interests of Spain. Hence the attempts to em=
broil the two countries in a war, which shall have
for one of its objects the overthrow of the Spanish
Government; and if the statement of a Madrird,
correspondent be correct, that Lord ABERI/E-4!
has addressed a note to the REGENT reprobating
the policy now pursued by France, we cannot
too warmly applaud his Lordship's timely inter-
ference. England cannot consistently, either
with her honour or her interests, suffer France
hastily to attempt the overthrow of a Govern-
ment established by the Cortes, and chosen and
uphold by the unanimous suffrages of the Spa-
nish nation. France may play the game of nine-
pins with her own institutions if she pleases, but
she must not be allowed to indulge in such an
amusement at the expense of Spain.

Secondly, as the origin and aims of Govern-
ment and trade are essentially different, so must
be the rules on which they arc carried on. Those
who administer the Government must look to
the whole community, and they only succeed
when the great majority of the people are pros-
perous and secure in the enjoyment of all their
rights. Traders look only to their own ledgers,
and they succeed when the balance is in their
favour, and they gain money by their transac-
tions. Statesmen must look to the public, mer-
chants to themselves. The public benefit is the
ca rdinal principle of all government; private ad-
vantage is at all times the soul of trade.

Government being established not to create
trustisnt.
but to protect •
m.rifhts,'as a rule eschews the task
ot meddiing,
ilillecicp(lientfl.:Atoiliance and well-being of trade to
the trade of its subjects. It
of those whu
the
Welt it originates, the self-
interestpretend to say how to
he
age in it. It does net
makers, the farmers.faiedtolttialettegrrsazaineld.s, thehe sslitioipe:
owners and the hop-factors,
carry
eotnhwithin its own ter-
ritory.trade, as long as they
by any regula-
tionsrst, shall carry on their
It does not suppose
it can increase
amongst their several classes,
sends
sucttiiioenms
traffic or make it more valuablsees, But when the
hatter, instead of exchanging his
with his neighbour, the shoemaker,
to the United States; or when the shipowner,
instead of trading between London and New
castle, trades between London and New York,
then Government is inclined to interfere,.. and
thinks that, by some kind of negotiation or re-
gulation, it can promote that trade, which,
when it takes place under its eye, and without
lower, is allowed, as the best course, to go en-
tirely free. Trade loses its beneficial character
on this supposition the instant it is carried on=
between the subjects of different Governments.
Why trade, which is allowed to go free, and
is acknowledgedly so beneficial when confined to
the inhabitants of the same empire, assutnes a
different character, and becomes- an object of
suspicion to Governments and writers when it
Pass:s their respective frontierF; we cannot com•

The whole of the Paris Journals of Monday
have reached us, but their contents are of no
political interest. On that day a stock-
broker, named BONNET, was declared a de-
faulter on the Paris Bourse. The report
circulated was that he had fled from Paris,
but - whether in the direction of London
or Brussels was not stated. The funds experi-
enced some depreciation in consequence. There
is n4tnuch news from Spain in these papers,
and from the little-,there is, we learn that the
country was generally tranquil.
tsilt:tule'ancobriatmg dourtiatlityle! N‘f,ohrionhasitis
Preparationiare beingmade at the Royal Foundry in
tbis statuecasting
summit of the dome 'of the Pantheon. The model of
hr. e Cpolreteoett'is coon! o stsha le
was placed on the steps of the Chamber of
Deputies during the procession with the remains of the
ruperor . Napoleon.
11i. c Hugo obtained seme time since, as our
rttto

Mcapolv

THE SUN', LONDON, WEDNESbAY, NO7EMBER lb, 1841.

readers may remember, -a verdict against M. Monnier,
administrator of the second Theatre Francais -(Odeon),
and M. Latte, music•seller, for having publisheda French
translation of an Itali4U.adaptation of Lucrece Borgia,
which was considered as • infringing his rights as the
original author. At the same time ,-certalm, detached
morceaux from the piece were ordered to be confis6ated

and destroyed. .chi an, appeal to the Royal Court (d
Paris, heard on Saturday, the latter part of the sentence
was quashed. M. Victor,Hugo was in Court, and a great
crowd of persons.pressed in to see him. The illustrious
academician, in forcing his way through the throng, had
his pocket picked of his purse.
The Courrier de la Gironne of Bordeaux quotes a Ma-
drid letter, stating that, when Rubini arrived at Caline-
naz his escort of thirty men were surrounded by the pea-
santry, who imagined him to be a superior officer of the
Christine party, whom the soldiers were going to deliver
up to the prompt justice of Espartero, and were deter-
mined to rescue him, in the hope of a reward. In vain
did Rubini protest that he was no,prisoner. Kis guards
were dispersed, and he was detained. The Cure of the
place at length convinced his flock of their error, and
lent the great vocalist his mule, upon. which he made his
entrance into Madrid. For this good service he promised
to return and sing a mass in the church. As Calmenaz
is near Madrid, the congregation cannot fail to be nu-
merous and wealthy, an the collection proportionably
liberal.

A letter from Lille, in the Constitutionnel, states that
a man in that place had met with his death by svvallow-
ing a live mouse ! lie was in a public-house, and the
mouse having just been caught, he laid a wager that he
would swallow it alive. Ile did so, but immediately
afterwards was attacked by violent convulsions, and in

three hours was a corpse. - •
A cruel murder was committed a few days ago at
Epfig, near Strasburg, on an elderly female, who lived
by herself, and was believed to be .in :possession of a
good deal of money. Some villains broke into her house
at night, and killed her by blows on the head from some
heavy instrument, by which the skull was driven in.
The authors of the murder haVe net been detected.
The King, on the report of the Minister. of Marine,
has granted decorations of the Legion of Honour to a
surgeon at St. Pierre, and an officer of a fishing vessel,
attached to St. Pierre and Miquelon fisheries, in conse-
quence of the account given .of their services by the
Prince de Joinville in his dispatch, after inspecting the
French fisheries of the Newfoundland and North Ame-

rican station.
The Minister of the Interior has sent to the Prefects
of Departments copies .of a set of regulations for. the
several prisons within their respective jurisdictions, with
regard to the food, clothing, and bedding of the prison-
ers, aceordinc, to which their treatment . throughout the
kingdom will, from January Ist, be placed entirely upon
the same footing; except in cases wherein express orders
shall be given by the Minister himself.
The Havre Journal relates that a great crowd was
collected on Thursday evening round a person, in the
Rue de Paris, near the Hotel de l'Europe; who was cry-
ing out " murder," and uttering incoherent expressions.
He entered the hotel, but was soon afterwards taken in
a coach to the lunatic asylum. The unhappy patient is
a French merchant established in America, but tempo-
rarily resident in Havre. He had for several days pre-
viously given signs of mental alienation, and, in one in-
stance, made a bargain with a hatter for 500 hats, before
the state of his mind was observed. Several attempts
were made by him to throw himself into the docks, and
it was on being defeated in one of these, that the
paroxysm, which led to his confinement, came on. He
has relations in Paris, some of whom were hourly ex-
pected at Havre.
The Correctional Tribunal of Brussels tried, on Satur.•
day, the persons who mutilated the statues in the Park,
on the night of the 17th ult. M. Cauty was sentenced
to imprisonment for three months ; M. Barrett for two
months, and M. Shergold for one month. They were
each condemned to pay a fine of 100 E, and jointly and
severally 115 E to the city by way of damages.
Claude Gaspard Jugland, the Nestor of Savoy, and
probably of the whole of the subjects of the King of
Sardinia, died a few days ago at Bellecote, in the Taran-
taise, aged 111 years, 8 months, and 20. days. He re-
tained his health until nearly his last hour, and was re-
marked throughout his long life for his equanimity,
gaiety, and simplicity of mind and habits. He enjoyed
a pension from the King's privy purse..
The mint of Paris, which until now had not been able
to procure the whole of the medals forming the numis-
matic history of Napoleon as General, Consul, and Em-
peror, that is to say from the battle of Montenotte to
1815, has just completed this rich collection, which was
deficient by a hundred medals, of which the dies, en-
graved mostly in Germany and Italy, were not to be
found,in France.
" At present," says the Temps, " there are not more
than between 2,500 and 3,000 men employed on the
whole continuous wall of the fortifications, instead of
20,000, as there ought to be, if the Government meant
to fulfil the promise it has given of executing this part
of the works simultaneously with the forts. In a few days
'all the masonry work must be suspended on account of
the winter,"
A rogue' on the prowl, two nights back, observed a
young shopwoman at a warehouse in the Rue de Riche-
lieu, folding up a large piece of silk handkerchiefs. The
temptation was irresistible. He entered the shop, leav-
ing the door half open. The young woman politely re-
'quested him to shut it. "Oh !" replied the audacious
fellow, " that will be of no use, for I shall not stay a
minute 1" and, suiting the action to the word, he grasped
the piece of silk, dashed away with it, and was out of
sight before any one could be called to pursue him.
Two evenings ago, in the Rue de la Mortellerie,
quarrel took place between two journeymen masons and
three Piedinontese organ players. The latter almost
immediately drew their knivev, and fell upon the masons.
One died immediately of the wounds which he received ;
the other was removed to the Hotel Dieu, in a hopeless
state. Only one of the murderers has been arrested.
A duel with pistols took place a few days- ago at
Soissons, between two officers of the garrison, arising
out of a quarrel at the dinner-table. They were placed
at a distance of 70 paces, and one of them received the
-ball of his adversary, and died of the wound on the fol-
lowing day. Everything had been done, but in vain, by.
the seconds to bring about a reconciliation.
Amongst'some visitors who came a few days ago to
see the bridge recently put up by Messrs. Seguin, at
Triel (Seine-et-Oise), was Madame Montgolfier, aged
107 years, widow of one of the brothers Montgolfier, the
aeronauts. Notwithstanding her great age, Madame
Montgolfier walked to the bridge with great ease. She
is the great grandmother of the two Messrs. Seguin.
Numerous workmen are- stated by accounts from
Epinal, to be leaving the department of the Vosges for
Algiers, to settle there as colonists, on the new system
proposed by
.General Bugeaud.
The Municipal Council of Strasburg, on the 2d inst.,
voted a grant of 1,000,000 f. towards the formation of the
railroad direct from Paris, and appointed a Commission
to confer with the other towns on the line, and also with
the Government and the Chambers,
Oa Wednesday last there was cast at Nantes, in the
presence of the Bishop and a large assemblage, including
numerous ladies, a peal of eight bells for the Cathedral
of that town. The operation was completed in 16 mi-
nutes. When the moulds were filled the company gave
repeated cheers. The Bishop then solemnly blessed the
bells, christening the first in the name of the department;
the second of the town; the third, of the proprietors; the
fourth, of the foreign merchants; the fifth, of the general
traders of the town; and the sixth, of the Corps d'Etats
et Metiers. The remaining two were old bells recast;
and, therefore, retained their ancient names.
The Minister of Finances has given a decision, by
which the Britannia steamer, which was given up by the
English Company in compensation to the Phenix Com-
pany, for the loss of their boat, has been declared a
French vessel to all intents and purposes, a point about
which a legal difficulty had existed. This steamer is
about to be put on the London and Havre station by the
Phenix Company.
Tarascon, according to a letter of the 2d inst., was
still under water, and inaccessible but by boats ; so that
the mail was forced to go round by Avignon, on which
road the floods had sensibly abated. At Arles the.
breaches made at Boulbon were still open, and there
was nothing to, prevent the plain from being overflowed,
but the water continued to run off. Many of the dykes
at Avignon were broken, but the water was sensibly
receding. All the necessary measures had been taken by
the authorities, and the soldiers were assisting the people.
The Phare des Pyrenees of the sth has the following
article:—
" We have received news from Madrid up to the Ist
of this month, at night. The most perfect tranquillity
had not been interrupted in that city, and nothing gives
reason to fear that it would be at all disturbed.
" The two brothers; Fulgosio, were condemned to
death, but had not yet been executed. The execution
was doubtless delayed till the Regent should confirm the
sentence; as in the case of Brigadier-General Quiroga
Fries. It was hoped at Madrid that the Duke of Vic-
tory would put an end to the effusion of blood.
" The whole road from Madrid to Irun is perfectly
safe, and the mails traverse it without the slightest ob-
stacle."
The persons who left Madrid with the Repent
and who have not accompanied him to Saint
Sebastian, left Vittoria on the 3d at night, to
go to Pampeluna where it seems they have orders
to wait for him. This would lead to the conclusion
that the Regent does not intend to make a long stay
at St. Sebastian : from which place he will shortly go
to Paropeluna, and thence, as it is believed, proceed to
Sarragossa, and thence to Barcelona. Immediately after
the arrest of Messrs. Altima and Orano, the 'Deputies
of Guipuscoa to the Cortes, the family of the latter
waited on the Regent, at Vittoria, in order to obtain
from him that the terrible measures of transportation
with which those two gentlemen are threatened might
not be carried into effect. Hitherto we do not know
that they have obtained anything; perhaps the presence
of the Regent at St. Sebastian may contribute to avert
from these two Deputies the application of such a melt:
sure.—Constitutionnel.
BOURSE—Panie, MoNDAY, Nov, 8.
first kilgheit Lowest Last
Price Price. Price. Prier.
french 5 nee Cents ll5 00 ... 115 91.1 115 80 ... 115 80
4% per Cents 103 50 ... 105 50 105 50 ... 105 50
4 per Cents lOO 90 ... 11•0 90 10 90 ... 109 1):1
3 per C0nt,,... 5O N) 90 4,1 80 40 ... 80 20
Loan
Sauk of k r &awe 0350 •••"5° ."5345 "".5354)
LatHtte Sank 1.0001. 8;7: re; 1042 50 ...1041 59 ...1049 50 ...1049 50
5.000 f. Shares 5090 ...5690 .4090 ...5090
weirriaw-Bankttesi
..... 755 ••• 755 "' 755 ... 755
Bolsian 5 per Cents. .
5 per Cents 1849 102% ••• 102% ••• 10
2% ••• 102%
Spanish Active
Ronne,o ...
V e:
t4piile tiePiaeis nexa
r. .sdi
ove.rt W
,15dYg5512i 002:19• 5;9. 2211:7(15040051%8%5 12 200'25°10 a9(i
Str,sourg to Ilale.shares red. 911 ...• 231 25 ... 231 25 Zit 25
AUSTRIAN FUND3.-.NILSNA, OCT. 90
five per Cutts. Bletalliques
For r per Cents.
Aimee p.rr Cents. ...•..... 134
Vault sharcs ...............
...4111getticesc Zeilung. Nov. 4.

OF THE

BIRTH

PRINCE OF WALES

JUBILATION.
. . . . The issue of a King,
And wears upon his baby-brow the round
And top of sovereignty.

Rejoice, rejoice, the very Earth rejoices—
The ohl Earth, grey with its six thousand years.
The mountains lift their hands, the hills their voices,
The young stars chime harmonious in their spheres.
Rejoice, rejoice, the mother's hopes are blest,
And rainbow comfort rises out of weeping—
Upon the snowy fountains of her breast
A Queen beholds her rosy infant sleeping

Proclaim, proclaim, a Prince hath burst the womb,
'Whose breath sweet-perfumed, and irradiate hair,

Like Alexander's* filled the solemn room,
Bespeaking, surely, England's offspring there :
Nurse him in revel, nurture him in joy ;
Let his bright years like golden rivers run ;.
For broad the rule of the imperial boy,
And only girdled by the waves and sun.

They come, they come,—along the illumined-shores—
Britain's brave sons, and crimson-vestured daughters ;
The myriad throng in gratulation pours,
Down rose-decked vale and by the azure waters ;
Their Prince—the King—the crowned Child to see,
Wrapped in the purples of a race re,splendent,
O'er whom the stars play silver symphony,
And Heav'ns sweet-reigning planets rule ascendant.

Hang forth, hang forth, in all your avenues
The-many-coloured lamps and censers glowing,
Dress road and street in flags of glistering hues,
With palms and roses England's pavernents strowing ;
Lift up your heads, high silver-hinged doors--
Hang out the blazoned banners on the towers—
Spread to the radiant dance your marble floors
And shake all Christendom's resounding bowers.

Rejoice, rejoice, the very Earth rejoices,
The old Earth, grey with its six thousand years,
The mountains lift their hands, the hills their voices,
The young stars chime harmonious in their spheres, &c,

As related by Quintus Curtius, who states that a perfume
arising from the fragrant body of the infant King of Alaeedon,
pervaded the room upon his birth, and a lambent lustre
played round his head.

PRINCES OF WALES OF THE ROYAL HOUSES
OF PLANTAGENET, TUDOR, STUART, AND
GUELPH. •

IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.
Not in entire forgetfulness,
And not in utter nakedness,
But trailing clouds of glory do we come
From God who is our home."—WORDSWORTII.

The subsequent list, affording a view of all our
English Princes, from the tune of the creation
of this dignity down to the present Infant Prince,
who has just entered the world at Buckingham
Palace, not only clears up this fact, but furnishes
data, which show the destinies and fates of all
those who, in former days, have borne the rank,
enjoyed the estate, and been invested with the
crown, ring, and verge of the Princedom.