The Sun.
London, England, 1847-12-07 00:00:00

FLANDERS MAIL.

Motormen, Nov. 30.—Unusually little business was
transacted to-day. Exchange upon London fell one-half
per cent. The state of the money market continues
unchanged, although the money market has on the
whole been better supplied this week, yet exchange was
not so good. The tighter exchanges on London did
not encourage to greater transactions. The suspension of
payment of several houses in England, France, and Hol-
land, and of one in Prague, cannot fail to be of unfavourable
influence, though they may not affect indirectly except
perhaps in the case of the latter house, in which some of
our merchants are involved to the amount of about
120,000 to 130,000 marks bunco; it is generally supposed
that this house will compromise with its creditors. Our
market presents a very inactive appearance; some
sales are made, but there is no activity and a general
appearance of disinclination to business. This is un-
usual at this • season, and it can be attributed
only to the state of things abroad, especially in Eng-
land. The latest status of the Bank of England, how-
ever, presented an improved appearance ; large sums
in gold have arrived and others are expected, yet
thoughtful men do not speak of the crisis by
any means as if it were already past; indeed,
we should rather imply that they are in that
critical state which will require the inter-
vention of Parliament. It appears to us here, that an
internal reaction can only take place with the reflux of
the value of the capital which has been so lavishly sent
ever the whole earth; for, notwithstanding the great opi-
nion we have of the immense wealth of Great Britain, it
is an indubitable tact that it was inadequate to the ex
travagant trade and the immense technical undertakintss,
and this return of the value of the capital will take place
but slowly.
The following are the liabilities of some of the houses
alluded to.—Lackerstein and Co., London, E. 1. mer-
chants, 100,0001.; J. and IL lit ap, London, wine Mei •
chants, •20,0001.; Union Bank, Madrid, amount unknown;
Kiewit and Laigeveld, Rotterdam, rice dealt rs, moult!
unknown; A. Rouflaer and Zoon, Rotterdam, general
merchants, amount unknown; F. Richter, Prague, cotton
spinners, 500.000 fl.; Bonaffe and Co., Hasse, American
merchants, 2,000,000 fr.; J. J. Guimaraens de Silva, Rio
Janeiro, coflee merchants, 103 contos de rios.
BELGIUM, DEC. 4.—The two commercial failures
which have taken place at Mons exercise a melancholy
influence in the department of Charleroi—the anxiety
which is felt at Mons by the failure of M. Hennekiene
is felt also by our merchants, and we can no longer con
teal from ourselves or others that painful things are
likely to ensue, though, as usual, they are now exagge-
rated. Two houses have already stopped payment. The
project has been submitted to the Bank of Belgium to
till up the blanks, which the withdrawal of the house of
Ilennekinne will occasion here. This measure is highly
approved of by our merchants and traders.
ANTWERP, Nov. 4.—The state of trade is not pre-
cisely similar to what it was last week ; that great stag
nation has disappeared, though we cannot say there is
any great activity.
BRUSSELS, DEC. 4.—THE CIIAMBERS.—It is ClffirMe'l
that a petition has been sent into the Chambers, de-
manding the expulsion of the Jesuits; it is signed by
Gressin Dumontin, the editor of the Precurseur. The
presentation of the petition has, it is said, been adjourned
fur the present.
A report is in circulation in the political saloons of
Brussels, that M. Veydt, whose health is delicate, is
about to renounce his post, which will be taken by M.
Frire-Orban, who will cede his over to M. Roussel, re-
presentative of Mons. M. Veydt will have the govern-
ment of East Flanders.
RETIREMENT OF THE BAVARIAN MINISTRY.—The
Gazette de Cologne announces that the Bavarian Ministry
is about to retire; this Cabinet we must remember
is of recent date that it consented to replace a Ministry,
which thought itself obliged to oppose the requirements
of the favourite. Prince Attengen Wallerstein and M.
Bercks, councillor of state, are charged with consti-
tuting a liberal administration.
The Chambers of Baden arc to be convoked for
the 7th.
Opposition is in progress in the kingdom of Hanover.
In the country the elections are hostile to the Govern-
ment, to which they have hitherto been favourable.
A letter from Trieste states that, during a fearful
tempest along the coast of Greece, twenty-two merchant-
vessels hare made shipwreck. Nothing is said of the
fate of the passengers or crew.—Brussels Papers, Dec. 5.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIENNA, N.Y. 27.
b per Cent. Metalliques . • • • •• • • • • • • • • 105%
4 per Cent. ditt0...... • . • • •• •• • •
•• 92
3 per Cent. ditto • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • •
Loan, 1834 • • . • • • • • • • • • • • ••
............157
Ditto, 1839 120%
Esterhazy's Loan
RAILWAYS.
The Northern, allYerdinand • 157 st;
Gloggnttz •• • • ••_••1 •••••• • • • . • ••• • • • 112
Vienna—Milan • • • • • • • • • • • • 93 tq
82%
Apeunmen .......... „ 94%
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—Bnius, DEC. 2.
oney.
St.Schuld Sch., 3% per Cent •
.• •• •••••• •• 92 nis, Ml%
ems. English Bonds, 1830, 4 per Cent ••• • • • -_
Foreign Exchanges— • • • • • • • " •
7
Exchange on London, £1 Sterling, 3 Months 6 2 %
BELGIAN FUNDS.—Burgess, DEC. 4.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent •••• • • • • "' •
Rothschlld's Loan, Five per Cent •••• •• • • _
Loan of Thirty Millions, FourporCent::
Ditto Three per Cent • • • • • • •
Ditto Thirty-seven Millions,
• • •
Ditto,ditto,lB4o.• •• ••"• • •• • • •
Ditto,ditto,lB42. • • • • • •• • • • • • • •• • •
•••• • • • •
Ditto, 1836.• • • • • • ' •
Ditto of the City. 1832 •• • ..... .... •
. • 92
Ditto, 1843 .• • • • • "
Bank of Belgium •••• • • ••••••••• • • • • • • •• 111
_Brussels raven!, Dec. 4.

CHLOROFORM, TUE ANNATURTIC AGENT.—On
Thursday last, the 2d instant, Richard Holgate, of High
Easter, carpenter, aged nineteen years, was operated on
for extensive disease of the hand. Perfect insensibility
to external impressions or painlessness was produced in
about three minutes; the vapourisation of the chloroform
was assisted by heat. A considerable portion of tii
hand was then removed, the operation being skilfully
performed by Mr. Parett, surgeon, of High Easter, in
the presence of Mr. Coventry, surgeon, of Hatfield Broad
Oak. When the operation had been completed the
patient said, " he had made up his mind, and the surgeon
might commence." The case presented a striking con-
trast to the violent excitement and unfavourable reaction
produced by ether, and the expressions of pain, strug-
gles, &c., of ordinary surgical operations. The use of
chloroform, as a pain-destroying agent, is a triumphant
v
example of the application of modern chemistry to the
alleviation of suffering and relief of the dian._
Ipswich Express.

COURT CIRCULAR.
The Chevalier Bunsen, Prussian Minister, Iriq.aurat
Palmerston, and the Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Courte►-
nay, left Osborne yesterday morning.
The Queen and Prince Albert walked early yester-
day in the pleasure grounds and plantations of
Osborne.

Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales
and the Princess Royal took airings yesterday in the
vicinity of Osborne.
Sir James Clark has left Osborne for town.
Lord John Russell was slightly indisposed yestor-
dav at his residence in Chesbam-place.
His Excellency the Prussian Minister returned to
his residence on Carlton House-terrace yesterday,
from her Majesty's marine residence, Osborne, Isle of
Wight.

Yesterday the several Commissions of the several
Sewers Districts in the metropolis, were opened and
real, and the Commissioners sworn for each.
The Commissioners present and sworn were—Lord
Morpeth (in the chair), Lord Ashley, Lord Ebring-
ton, Robert Aglionby Slaney, Esq., Joseph Hume,
Esq., Dr. W. I3uckland (Dean of Westminster), Hon.
Fred. Byng, Sir James Clark, Sir 11. de la Beebe,
Edwin Chadwick, Esq., Jilin Leslie, Esq., Professor
Richard Owen, William John Broderip, Bog., Dr.
Neill Arnott, Dr. Southwood Smith, Richard
Lambert Jones, Esq , John Bul'ar, Esq., Rev. IS'm.
Stone, and John Bidwell, Esq.
The Court of Sewers were formally opened, and
provisional arrangements us to officers made for each
district. Lewis C. Hertalet, Esq., was appointed
Clerk of Minutes, Orders, and Correspondence;
W. 11. Stable, Esq., Clerk of Collections and Accounts;
Messrs. Roe and Phillips, Surveyors for each of the
districts ; and Henry Austin, Esq., Consulting
Surveyor, also for the several districts.
The clerks of the several districts, and other salaried
officers, were provisionally reappointed under the
several Courts, and orders made, and an adjournment
was ordered to Thursday, the 16th.
A deputation from Bristol, consisting of the Mayor
of Bristol ; the Hon. 11. Berkeley, M.P., Mr. Philip
Miles, M.P.; Messrs. Richard P. King, James Gibbs,,
George Thomas, W. Goldner, W. Tothill, Francis
Jarman, John George Shaw, ilarman King, and the
Town Clerk of Bristol, had an interview with the
Right lion. T. Milner Gibson yesterday, at the
office of the Board of Trade.

The Earl of Devon had an interview with the
Chancellor •f the Exchequer yesterday, at his official
residence in Downing-street.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat
yesterday. Sir Frederick Thesiger and Mr. Crow-
ther (Queen's Counsel) were heard on an appeal from
Canada " Logan v. Le Mesurier." The Lords present
were—the Master of the Rolls, Lord Brougharr4.
Lord Campbell, the Chancellor of the Duchy of
Cornwall, and the Judge of the Admiralty Court.

AN IRISH M.P. LAUGHED AT IN

THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SU?7.

SlR,—What very strange mistakes sometimes occur
from misunderstanding the terms or words used by on•
party to convey sentiments or opinions to another party.
This was exemplified during the Currency debate in
the House of Commons on Thursday night last. Mr.
J. Reynolds, M.P. for Dublin, while addressing the
House, remarked, "It must be borne in mind that
banking profits arose in a great degree from trading oft
one's credit in contradistinction to one's capital" Upon
which your report states " great laughter" ensued.
And even Sir Robert Peel mistook the application of the
term " credit," as applied to a banker, or he would not
have said to the Hon. Member, " He would rather have
his capital than his credit." It would appear that the
House of Commons understood the Hon. Member as de-
scribing an Irish banker to be a trader without money—
a " licensed dealer in money without money"—as simply
existing upon credit, viz., no capital whatever.
Mr. J. Reynolds, addressing the House as a banker,
could he have expressed himself in clearer or more con •
cise terms than he did, in drawing the distinction be-
tween a banker's credit and a banker's capital?
In what does a banker's credit consist? The capital
of his customers—the deposits left in a banker's hands,
these are the banker's credit. The deposits themselves
are capital—the capital of the customers—but the credit
of the banker who uses them. Thus, if the chief profit
of banking arises from the use the banker makes of the
deposits left in his hands, of course the profit arises from
his credit—viz., the money lent by his customers in con-
tradistinction to his own private property—his own
capital. In the sense aliened to by Mr. Reynolds, a
banker's credit is itself capital—his customers' deposits
left in his bands for the purpose of trading as a banker.
Yours, SLc.,

Ilfracombe, Dec. 4, 1847.

A BULLIONIST.

ARRIVALS OF SPECIE.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—The London papers still continue to attach some
importance to the arrivals of specie from South America,
as if they were ti liccp our stock of bullion. Now it is
hardly credible that they are not aware of the fact, that
the bulk of importations from that quarter consist of
-ilver in bars or in plat() pin”, which, thanks to our wi:e.
banking laws, is a lucre flint t.,r of merchandise, as sugar:,
onfre,, &v., not aiding us ut all to recruit our stock tt4 it
would to in any oth.r mercantile country iii tho
universe,

Does it not appear tnadricss, vt hen such a medium of
relief is daily passing through our hands, that w•e should
persist in refusing to admiL it to its due share of repre.
senting our currency, and that nothing but gold, which,
when once exportett, can only be recovered by tt forced
action on exchanges, value of produce, property, &c.,
should be considered adequate to our wants ?

At this moment the Cormorant steam frigate is ex-
pected from the West Coast and Brazils, with a large
quantity
of silver on board, which will, no doubt, find
its way to the Continent, as all our imports of produce
are, to a certain extent, doing at depreciated prices,
entailing a heavy loss to the importer, that we may re-
ceive in return our own gold buck, which they 'wisely
attach no fictitious value to.

I cannot but think that the question of silver has not
obtained the consideration it deserves at our hands, and
that whilst we are impoverishing ourselves to obtain ono
metal we are despising the other.

I remain, Sir, your obedient servant,
Liverpool, Dec. 3. 6ILVER.

THE NATIONAL DEFENCES.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—it is with pleasure I observe by the Parliamen-
tary news, that a notice has been given by the Earl of
llardwicke in the Lords, and by Mr. Osborne, M,P., in
the Commons, to inquire into the state of the national
defences of Great Britain, a subject of the utmost im-
portance.

The exposed and generally very undefended state of
the coast of Sussex, is deserving. of the early attention.
of the Legislature and the Government. The town of
Brighton, and other places along the Southern coast,
continue in a very weakened state of defence, and in the
event of a sudden attack or invasion, an enemy might
land with great facility on many parts of the Sussex
coast.
A central position is also much required for steam and
armed vessels midway between Portsmouth and Dover,
which also might be made a " harbour of refuge for
trading and merchant vessels, so greatly needed for
shipping; and let us hope that the suggestion of the
Harbour of Refuge Commissioners (so ably advocated
by your powerful journal on several occasions), to con-
struct a breakwater in the " magnificient " bay of Sea-
ford, will be carried out by a Government grant early in
the present session.

The above proposed site has been strongly commented
on by Baron Dupin, of France
immense importance to the maritime affairs and govern-
ment of this country. Since the recommendation of the.
Admiralty Commissioners a branch line of Railroad.
has been completed from Keymer to the mouth of the
valuable and improving tidal harbour of Newhaven, in
the immediate vicinity of Seaford Bay, from which har-
bour (the nearest to London), steam-vessels of great
power will ply to and from Dieppe and Havre in the en-
suing spring, and will open a communication with the
Sussex coast, which must attract the attention of Go-
vernment, in reference to the defence of the coast.
Parliament being again assembled, I trust you will
once more urge the attention of both Houses to this
subject.
I am, Sir, yours obediently,
Dec. 7, 1847. A FRIEND TO ENGLAND.

THE SUN CORRECTED. Toll!:
h e authoritiesorcelad_ob_fe
reaches
General post-office, it appears, have recommended, a tide
the various railway companies have agreed to, the 1 . i
form and literal adoption of Greenwich time at 'IL
railway stations throughout the whole country thus
giving the sun the lie direct, by declaring, and
the nation at large to declare, that abteiftoaritsoemle9
at Holyhead, for instance,
the fact is that the sun has s
time to make up, more or
ill:lest:et
snonoer at Holyhead.
meridian (or true 12 noon) at Du,bili.
Dublin,th2' a0t1:11 minutes
principle, in
proposition that " white
aTnhdis
agffior-ma -ahtejavde a ptrhieecci
is black and black is white for it virtually establishes
the erronqous principle that it is high noon where
the sun is either only rising, or where be is already
going down. But if astronomers countenance at.
all so heterodox a correction of the sties divisions,
of time into day and night and noon and morning, w,e
mistake much if they would not rather at least • te.
commend some local centre in the very midst of the em-
pire thus induced to fix and stereotype, or, as it 'were.
electrotype, by telegraph, a scientific error, in,co one
perpetual and conscious lie, or legion of diurnal lies, in
the very face of the sun himself : and such a means or
average centre could 11,., easily found ani as readily
established, with a national observatory, and an electro-
magnetic rapport with the Lt.l4,grApit, system, such as
that already suggested in connexion with the Gree:iwich
noonday signal.—Builder.
COLONIAL WHEAT.—There have been several ar-
rivals of wheat within this day or two from the extreme
south-eastern colonial districts of the globe. These sup-
plies, from the principal ports of Van Diemen's Land
and South Australia, are by no means devoid of interest
or importance.
A LUCKY' DISCOVENT.—Among the collection, of
paintings, the property of Mr. John Wilson, of Strat-
ford,he has discovered " A Sleeping Venus,"
executEsse
edbx; the celebrated Titian. We understand the
fortunate owner has sold it within the last two or three
days fur five hundred uiueas.—lpswich Express.

F11,.1i WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Mornint.• 26 =lieges after 1. Zvening .. 46 Ininatts after 1.

..„6
latntng
LOND')N, TUESDAY. DECEMBER 7, 1847.

The House of Commons was last night occupied
in the discussion of the recently-introduced measure
for the prevention of crime and outrage in Ireland.
The debate was not founded on the second reading of
the Bill, but upon one of those ingenious devices by
which the forms of the House are made use of to
obstruct the progress of business, and converted to a
purpose very different from that contemplated when
they were originally framed. It is just and fitting
that a small minority should be enabled to defeat any
attempt to obtain by surprise the legislative sanction
to a controverted principle, and to secure a proper
hearing for all those anxious to be heard in opposition
thereto previous to its adoption. But those pri-
vileges should only be brought into operation
on rare and extraordinary occasions, and when there
is some unfair advantage sought for by the pro-
moters of the measure under consideration, and
which, therefore, it ii desirable, under any circum-
stances, to postpone until a better attendance of
Members shall insure that the propositions which
may be adopted are in accordance with the deliberate
opinions of the majority of the House. If those
forms are, however, to be resorted to on every occa-
sion—if an inconsiderable minority are to be thereby
enabled to defeat the wishes of the great majority,
and to delay the progress of any measure to which
they may be opposed—a necessity may arise for a
revision and alteration of those regulations which,
when moderately used, are exceedingly valuable,
but, when abused, become positive nuisances. Every
precaution
insure
bas been adopted by the Legislature
that every measure should receive
its
proper share of attention. A Bill must be read
twice before it goes into Committee ; on each reading
formait a legitimate subject of discussion, and may
on either occasion bee
riejected. It must then come
before a Committee whole House, when each
clause is to be separately. considered, and the various
details discussed. The
re' "hen
of the Committee is
then to be brought
another debate may
take place. This is repeatedenolliltihe thin/ reading,
and on the question that the
a guaran-
are, surely, abundantly sufficient to affordtio pass. Those
throdlh with-
out due no measure can be smuggled
due investigation. But if additional
to take place on every occasion that the order of are
th
day is read, the proceedings will be interminable, and
the whole business of the nation brought to a stand-
still.
The Hon. Member for Limerick (Mr. J.
FELL) last night adopted this course, and in the ab-
sence of Mr. SMITH O'Bittast moved an amendment
to " the order of the day." We regret to find that
a very great change has taken place in the feelings
of the Hon. Member with respect to the Bill since
its introduction in the preceding week. Then " he
was greatly and agreeably disappointed at the ex-
position he had just heard of the Bill. He had been
prepared on entering the House that night, acting on
what: he had heard out of doors, to oppose what it
had been intimated to him would he a severe and
stringent measure. He was glad to have to thank the 1

Right Hon. Baronet (Sir GEORGE GREY) for the
Bill he had proposed. He could not pledge
any Hon. .Member, he could only speak for himself;
1 and while he would not say that at another period he
would accept the Bill, he could not now see any
reason why they should refuse the usual courtesy, or
oppose the Bill being laid on the table and read a
first time." We know not what may have taken
place in the interval—in what manner his memory
may have been stimulated as to certain gratuitous
pledges, uttered in another assembly, " of dying on
the floor of the House before he would allow a mea-
sure of coercion to be carried." Whatever may have
been the causes of the change, he was last night ani-
mated by a very different spirit,—" he was only able
to recognise one single point of which he could ap-
prove, and that was the clause giving
power to the Lord-Lieutenant to enable
him to send additional police into dis-
turbed districts. The other provisions of the
Bill were so unconstitutional and arbitrary, that he
should oppose it, not only at this stage, but at every
future stage of its progress ;" and so far from " thank-
ing the Right Hon. Baronet for the Bill he had pro-
posed," or " not seeing any reason why the usual
courtesy should be refused," he wasted the entire
evening in his opposition "to the reading of the order
of the day."
The Hon. Member for Tralee was scarcely more
consistent than his brother, nor very happy in the
lecture he thought fit to read the Hon. Member for
Mayo, for what he termed a change in the opinions
he put forward in the early part of last year. Last
'week, in addressing the House on the first reading of
the present Bill, he himself said, " He should certainly
not offer any active opposition to the measure which
the Right Hon. Baronet had asked leave to bring in.
It was so little a stretch of constitutional principle
that he considered the House ought to assent to its
introduction, and give it a first reading ;" and subse-
quently, that " with a good Landlord and Tenant
Bill, he did venture to believe that, after all, no great
exception need be taken to the measure brought for-
ward in the present session." Last night, "He felt
deep"shazne and humiliation that an Irish Member should
now rise in that House and advocate doctrines which
' twenty months ago he had repudiated with scorn and
indignation." And again—" He would give the
measure the most determined opposition in every stage,
because, though he would do everything in bispower
to repress crime, he could not, on the part of
the people of Ireland, consent to a violation of
the Constitution such as it proposed, without
some adequate advantage in return." Surely
changes have taken place in the circumstances of the
country, and there is such a difference between the
measure proposed when the Member for Mayo put
forward the sentiments referred to and that now before
the House, to justify the Hon. Member in taking a
very different view, and pursuing a different line
of conduct; but we cannot discover anything, either
in the circumstances of the nation, or in the Bill itself,
to warrant the great alteration that is apparent in the
opinions of the Member for Tralee between the 29th
of November and the 6th of December in the present
year.

It would be improper to close our observations
on the debate of last night without expressing
oar entire approval of the manly and straightforward
addresses of the Hon. Members for Meath and Mayo
(Messrs. H. GRATTAN and Diumm BRowms). If
the Irish representatives generally followed a similar
course, they would find themselves possessed of much
greater weight in the House, and that more attention
would be paid to the suggestions they might think
proper to offer. We trust that many will follow the
example thus afforded, and in like manner earn for
themselves the unqualified approbation of the House
and the country.

• We are rejoiced to observe that there is a very
practical character in the first report, just published,
of tke Metropolitan Sanitary Commissioners. The
information accumulated in this most interesting Par-
liamentary document is precisely of that description
which is best calculated to confirm all preceding im-
pressions as to the necessity for the interposition of
the Legislature, though there is ample room for the
continuance of the inquiries which have been so ably
commenced in the official apartments of Gwydyr
house, Whitehall. " Much has been done, but more
remains to do," could never be pronounced with such
peculiar veracity as in reference to the labours of
ROBERT GROSVENOR, of EDWIN CHADWICK, Of

SOUTHWOOD SMITH, Of RICHARD OWEN, and of

LAMBERT JONES. They have only drawn a pail-
ful front the ocean of those social grievances
which are perpetually increasing the sufferings of the
people, and decimating the most populous districts of
the United Kingdom. They have, nevertheless, tes-
tified, by an extraordinary amount of additional in-
formation, that although the average duration of life
is, in Condarut, 18 years, in Sologne, 22 years, and
in Holland 25 years, whereas in England it amounts
to somewhere about 29 years, there are a surprising
multiciplicity of evils prevalent in the last-mentioned
country, by the removal of which evils the destruc-
tiveness of disease would be marvellously diminished.

The principal portion of the fifty-two pages, com-
prising this preliminary report, is devoted to the
narration of facts and the enumeration of statistics
bearing immediately upon the ravages effected
throughout the metropolis during 1831 and 1832,
by the perillous agency of the Asiatic Cholera, ex-
plaining in particular the most notorious character-
istics of that virulent and pestilential epidemic, such,
for example, as the circumstance of its invariably
following the course taken by putrescent drains, not
nwrely in these islands, but from one extremity of
the continent to its opposite. The Commissioners

demonstrate by the evidence elicited from very com-
petent authorities, that the Cholera is not merely alto-
gether'of as uncontagious nature, but that the most
prominent fact proved throughout its ravages is, that
the vast majority of its victims are individuals whose
constitutions have been impaired by the constant in-
halation of the noxious gases reeking from
uncovered cesspools and other receptacles of feculent
matter. Better, indeed, than the most beneficial

remedies afforded by the Pharmacopoeia, not only for
the prevention of death by Asiatic Cholera, but for
the dissipation of more ordinary and not less destruc-

tive maladies, such as scrofula, consumption, bron-
chitis, typhus fever, and the whole catalogue of
zymotic affections, are such simple precautionary
measures of cleanliness as the improvement of the
present ventilation of our households and the re-
arrangement of the existing system of sewerage.
The information here gathered together by the
Sanitary Commissioners, in allusion to the drainage
of the metropolis, is, perhaps, the most important
information of a sanitary character that has yet been
submitted for consideration to the two Houses of
I.),irliament. The indisputable superiority in drain-
age of the oval or egg-shaped channels over the
angular or flat-bottomed excavations formerly made,
are shown not merely by verbal evidence, hut by
explanatory diagrams. The necessity for sufficient
supplies cf water, whether from land springs, from
i the fall of rain, or from that furnished by the vari-
ous water companies, is demonstrated beyond all
contradiction. But the most remarkable facts con-
nected
with this subject are, that the smaller the
branch-drains are, the more effectual is the drainage,
and that with the diminution of the cost of their
construction, the simultaneous diminution of the
chances of pestiferous exhalations are inseparable.
This is the kind of information which is the most
likely to obtain the attention of the public, and to
excite the activity of the local authorities. It is
proved, for example, before the Sanitary Commis-
sioners, that the sewer of communication which has
been laid down under the pavement of Langley-court,
Long-acre, would have been immeasurably more
efficacious if constructed as a six-inch tubular drain,
toufdeexpewnhseichauchwoas
instead of an ordinary sewer of five feet six• inches
high, by three feet wide —a difference of magni-
aggregate reduction of '
dition of the byways
there-
fore, to be in a doule°
tendency, if only carried out most of
the rules of architecture
ulsdi. have entailed a difference
17s. 6d. less per house, or an
jufst 99/. The improved con-
hydraulics. The question becomthee
manner
cities is shown, a
most economic
avanittii proper attention to
principles of
every additional investigation ; and bneafros r:_wed on
e a very
protracted interval has expired in the career of the
new Commission established at Whitehall the
alternatives which will be submitted to the dif-
ferent parishes throughout the kingdom will

be something after this effect : Shall we
expend our parochial moneys in drains or -in coffins ;
in the maintenance of hospitals, dispensaries, and
other eleemosynary establishments of a similar cha-
ractet, or in abattoirs and wash-houses ; in affording
opportunities for swelling the tables of morbility and
mortality, or in calling for the publication of returns
to show the sanitary advancement of the population ?

Accounts from Vienna of the 28th ult. announce
the appearance of the cholera in the circle of Tar-
nopol, in Galicia.
The trial of the Polish conspirators at Berlin was
brought to a close on the 3d instant. Louis MIERO-
SLAWSKI, WLADISLAS KOSINSXI, FELIX SODOWeXI,
SEVERIN ELZANOWSHI, STANISLAS LOBODSKI, FLO-
RIAN CEYNAWA, and JOSEPH KLESZCZYNSILI were
sentenced to death as traitors, others to various terms
of imprisonment in fortresses, and eighteen were
acquitted.

It is said that the Duke of MoDENA has abandoned
his claims on the territory of Lunigiana to the
Grand Duke of TUSCANY, from whom he has ac-
cepted a pecuniary compensation.
On the 27th the King of SARDINIA signed the
Organic Law of the Municipalities and of the Pro •
vincial Councils.

Madrid papers of the 2d inst. bare arrived.

The debate on the Address was continued in the Cham-
ber of Deputies on-the 27th and was again adjourned.
In the course of it Senor CORTINA uttered a furious
philippic against the Pacheco Ministry, and attacked
the present Ministry also, for professing to observe a
neutrality as regarded the amendment to the Address.
Several Carlists, said to be the remains of Tam-
TANY'S band, have been arrested in Catalonia.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday.

On Saturday Sir STRATFORD CANNING left- Paris
for Berne, taking Neufchatel ea route. He is the
bearer of the English copy of the note by the
Great Powers, and is the representative of Great
Britain at the conference on the affairs of Switzerland.
Count DE COLLEREDO, the Austrian Ambassador to
Russia, is to be the representative of Austria, and M.
Boss LE COMTE will represent France.
The rumour of a split in the Cabinet continues to
gain credence, but is said that no modification will be
made in the. Government until after the meeting of
the Chambers. '

The gerant of the National, M. DELAROCHS, was
on Saturday condemned to one year's imprisonment,
and to pay a fine of 8;000 francs, for publishing an
article containing an offence against the KING, and
an adhesion to another form of Government.

The Three per Cents were done in the Passage de
l'Opera on Sunday at 77f. 22kc.
MARSEILLES, DEC. I.—Marseilles and Avignon,
5031. 75c. ; Northern, 5701.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DE°. 6.
Boulogne and Amiens, 15—Dutch Rhenish, 2—Namur
and Liege, 6—Northern of Fraace, 12A—Orleans and
Bordeaux, 53,4 —Over Yoe!, 11/2 dis.—Paris and Lyons, 6
—Sambre and &tense, 71A—West Flanders, 1%.

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