The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-13 00:00:00

EVENIN-i EDITION

ust ready, in 3 vols. post Bvo., with numerous Illustrations
C
by Le C
ech, C.
OLIN L I N K.
By CHARLES HOOTON.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

Just ready, in 3 vols. post Svo.,
THE SECOND EDITION OF
CE C I
LP
Or, AIBMOIRS OF A COXCOMB. •
A NOVEL.
re was such a delight—such a coxcomb—such a jewel of
a mau."—Byron's Journal.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

AUTHORISEDtheE
I sAUSMTRAIAjEhSavTini:PERanOR d
llito-f
RANTEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY
DIVIDENDS, which (though they are NO LOTTERIES)
.o Ter many possibilities of obtaining
LARGE FORTUNES,
HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH and at
LUBECK,
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Are now SELLING BONDS for the said DISTRIBUTIONS.

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The NEXT DISTRIBUTION contains FIFTEEN HUN-
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The Dividends being
£.'200 £2OO
600 150
560 120
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£25,000
5,000
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1,500
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£9O
60
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64
62

HEINE BROTHERS having remitted, during a short
time, 2.5,000/., 18,0001., 9,000!., 5,0001., 3,6001., &c. &c., to
London ; 3,600,., 8001., and 7001., to Edinburgh ; 3,6001. to
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POSTSCRIPT.-9th March, 18:J.—HEINE BROTHERS
have the pleasure to state that they remitted to-day, 9th March,
1841, TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND POUNDS t 4 Lon-
Son and vicinity, resulting from the Distribution of Ist inst.

HEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN.

iJ •;ofit.-;.1-;e-lif7J.I.AGE7‘11,:.}..;•r of 3TADA.ME VESTRES.

THIS EVENING, APRIL 13

"Will be repeated the New Comedy, in Five Acta, entitled

LONDON ASSURANCE.

Sir Harcourt Courtly, Bart., Mr. W. Farren ; Max Hark-
away, Mr. Bartley; 'Mr. Charles Courtly, Mr. Anderson ;
Mr. Adolphus Spanker, Mr. Keeley; Mr. Dazzle, Mr. C.
Mathews; Mark Meddle, Mr. Harley; Grace Harkaway,
Madame Vestris; Lady Gay Spanker, Mrs. Nisbett ; Mrs.
Pert. Mrs. Flornin.

Atter which will be repeated, the Grand Romantic Fairy Ex-
travaganza entitled

BEAUTY AND-THE BEAST.
Beauty. Madame Vestris : The Beast, Mr. W. Harrison ;
John Quill, Mr. Harley ; Dressalinda, Miss Rainforth; Mar-
rygolda, Miss Grant; Queen of the Roses, itliss Lee.

. .
To-morrow, Lcudon Assurance, with Beauty and the Beast.
l)uors tc to opf-nect at Ilalt-past Six—the performances to
commence at Seven o'Clock.

tve,is Box , is. ; Second Price, 34. Ga.; First and Second

'ireleq, ; B.!conti Price, 23. tid.; Pit, 3s. ; Second Price.
2%) Ga:!rry Is.

Tic's es anti phcc3 for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Grogan
at the Box-oth'ee, from Ten till Four, where Season Ticket 3
oz y ye had upon application.
_ .

Privato Aoxt.e vi be had see), of Mr. Andre acs, bookeeller,
A 7. New 14nm-1-street.

tcOYAL SIJRI.IEY THEATRE.

UNDER. THE MANA(,E:UENTIOF

AND MR. WILLIS JONES.

"Three New Pieces, supported by Mr. O. Smith, Mr. J. S.
Balls, Mr. Hicks, and Mr. J. 'l'. Haines, in additiofl to the
old favourites. Splendid scenery and appointments.
THIS EVENING, APRIL 13,
'Will be acted a New Legendary Drama, entitled
TOM MOORE OF FLEET-STREET ; •OR,
-THE STARLING OF THF. OLD SALOUPE HOUSE.
Tom Moore, Mr. J. S. Balls ; Wilhelm Stirn, Mr. 0. Smith.

After which, a Spectacle of Diablerie, called
APOLLYON, THE GREAT FIEND ; OR, THE LOVE

TOKEN.
Apollyon, Mr. 0. Smith.
To conclude with a New Farce, entitled
THE UNIFORM ; OR, TWO MEN AND ONE COAT.
Characters by Messrs. J. S. Balh., J. T. Haines, Neville,
Buckingham, Ileslop, Mrs. H. Hughes, Mrs. W. Daly, &c.
Entirely New Scenery and Dresses for all Three Pieces.

"THE CHINA SUN,"
REPUBLISHED ON SATURDAY LAST,

IS NOW ON SALE,
With all the LATEST NEWS.

TRH RAILWAY SUN
WILL BE PUBLISHED
TOWARDS THE END OF THIS
MONTH.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORRO W
‘l, timig ti rninutss after 6 I Evening 37 minutes after 7

The Publication of the Evening Edition of THE Svx com-
menced at 10 minutes after Three.

querors and the conquered into one friendly
people, but subsequent and successive confisca-
tions have given to the soil new masters. The
conquests and new partitions of the country in the
reigns of ELIZABETH and JAMES 1., under CROM-
WELL and WILLIAM 111., went so far as to oust,
we believe, nearly all the previous possessors, and
has made historians say that the whole soil of
Ireland was confiscated three times over.

These latter confiscations, too, were all made
from a religious as well as a political motive
they were to convert the Irish, first into English,
afterwards into Protestants. The result is, the
soil has become Protestant and English, but the
bulk of the population remain Catholic and Irish.
Hence, for the last century and a half, while all
the rest of the empire has been gradually amal-
gamating into one homogeneous mass, and differ-
ences of race and of religion are passing into
oblivion, or attract no attention, a feud has been
kept alive in Ireland, and is growing and ex-
tends to this day, and is now breaking forth in the
cry for Repeal. As long, undoubtedly, as the
present appropriation of the soil of Ireland is
continued that feud will continue, which makes
us say that the Irish, in now turning their atten-
tion to the relation between landlord and tenant,
have got on a new and a right tack. Whether
they will have political sagacity enough to carry
their barqUe into the haven to which its prow
points, we must leave time to show.
It is well and truly said by the Southern Re-
porter, speaking of those who wrested the land
by force from the original landowners :
The Irish are inured to suffering and oppression. They
would tolerate the monopoly and extortion of their ma,-
tera—but then their masters have been for the last hundred
years the law-makers! Statute after statute has been en-
acted, conferriag new and formidable latoweri, and these
powers have never been allowed to be inactive. A deadly
system of extermination has been adopted and worked out
on cold calculation, so that, with a soil capable of main-
taining treble its present population. there are many hun-
dreds of thousands who eannet obtain, at any rent, haw_
ever extravagant, permission to live otherwise than on the
roads or in a workhouse.

There we see evidence that the wrongdoers have
always laboured to keep alive the memory of
their oppression. Should the landowners com-
plain, as perhaps they may, that the length of
time they have held their land has now
given them a prescriptive _ right, and that
there would be no end to disturbance should
such a possession not confer a safe title,
they are answered by the assertion that, as
law-makers, they have passed statute after
statute conferring new and formidable powers,
and so always keeping the people in mind of the
original wrong, and of their perpetual slavery.
In :act, these successive statutes were successive
encroachments and usurpations, like the first,
though not so outrageous, each of which prevented
that return into the right path, by which nature,
if not thwarted, sinks the minds of nations, in
time, into forgetfulness of injustice, and converts
a fierce usurpation into a beneficial holding.
It is not iu Ireland alone that landlords, who
have been law-makers, by passing statute after
statute, conferring new and extraordinary
powers or wealth on themselves, have kept con-
tinually encroaching on and continually usurp-
ing the right of others, so as continually to
force back the public mind to the question
of their original right. They have, unfortunately
for themselves, done the same in England. Not
contented with occupying the highest station in
society—not contented with being far more,abun-
dantly provided with all the good things of life
without labouring, than the utmost exertions of
industry could command—not contented with the
great honour and political superiority which were
secured to them, they halie sillily, meanly, and
basely made statute after statute to curtail the li-
berties, or appropriate the wealth, of the people;
the consequences are, they are forfeiting the
public respect, bringing all their rights into
question, and making men turn their attention
in England, as in Ireland, to the peculiar appro-
priation of the soil as a source of many political
evils. We wish it were otherwise; but the ex-
treme and obstinate folly and injustice of the
landowners are forcing on the public the ominous
question, by what right do they hold their pos
sessions and their power ?

When we yesterday made a rough comparison
between astronomy and morality to vindicate the
unfitness of those who are educated exclusively
to honour antiquity, to preside over the moral
education of the community, we understated our
case. Whatever might have been the knowledge
ofastronomy at anyparticularperiod, there can be,
and is, no question,—since celestial phenomena,
like eclipses, recorded in early Greece, have been
verified by modern calculation—that the physi-
cal system of the universe has been the
same since the beginning of history. Though
-...----
m.en may have held very different opinions at
The Irish seem to be putting their political
different times, there is no doubt whatever that
barque on a new and a right tack. We have
t
copied from the Southern Reporter an article on the earth has always revolved round the sun and
d,
_Landlord and Tenant, expressly written in aid round its own axis, as our NEWTON demonstrate
.of Mr. O'CoNsIELL's great speech on the same and we believe it now revolves. But though the
Physical laws which have regulated and deter-
:subject, a copious extract from which appeared .
mined the multiplication of our species—expressed
iri our Paper of Saturday. Though .we differ
shortly as the relation between population and
I very much from Mr. O'CoNstErt. on the question
•of absenteeism, and think that where the land- subsistence, like the laws of gravity—havealways
- lord spends his rent is of little importance coin-
been the same, there seems to be some reason
pared to the amount he is able to exact, we to doubt whether the moral laws or moral
have little doubt that one of the main sources relations have remained unaltered. As the
of the evils of Ireland is the mode in which the progress of population has gone on, and as
soil is appropriated, and the peculiarity of the mankind have multiplied, new moral relations
relation which has, in consequence, grown up be-
between them individually, and between them
:tween landlord and tenant. and the physical world, have come into existence.
So ill do we think of the present race of mere For example, when population was scanty,
:landowners, whose residence in the country, a family might wander whither it would, and
trespassed on no rights in pitching its tent,s
'Where they amuse themselves with dispensing
where it pleased, and in felling the timber
law after their own fashion, and keeping and
_killing game for their own sport and their te-
which grew around. But when many families
:a ants' great annoyance, that we regard their ab-
came to require the same conveniences, and
sence as a far greater blessing than their corn-
when a rude appropriation by coming to a spot
puny. We are quite sure, to refer to Ireland for ensued, the first corner acquired a right to the
soil, and it became wrong in other men to inter-
an example, that the Marquis of HERTFORD, who
fere with that which, before his appropriation,
is said never to have set foot in Ireland in his
tineir use as his.
We, where he is a great landowner, is a far less was as freely given for
Carrying our thoughts from that first great
zinischievous person than such resident Earls as
change over to the --,resent crowded condition of
where
those of GLENGALL, CHARLEVILLE, and RODEN,
whose presence is the nutriment of faction Europe, and 1.;i" our country in particular,
and strife. Wealth may not mere)
...y every foot of soil, but everything the
be employed to fo-
ment divisions, to seduce honesty to pervert earth... Dears, has an owner, we must isee that, with
the registers, to bribe and coerce' crery successive change between these two ex-
electors, as well as to heal disorders and give encourp_ge tremts, new relations between man and man, and
ment to virtue. In Ireland, the Orange r - - between man and the soil) tam come into
esident
landlords, exercising the offices f 1 existence. At present, tiS one consequence of
0 1. ne Magis-
'eh;t ,
tract', were long a great curse to
made to the great multiplication of the species, a
and an approximation was firs:c
violence, when
minute division of labour, both territorial and
order,
individual) Drevails, of
and. to substituting law f.or '
the that which the consequence is,
Stipendiary Magistrates and a Stipendiary
produce of labour whether agricultural
Y2olice superseded the authority of the or manufacturing, belongs in right and in fa to
landlords and their armed retainers. But several different persons, who assist in its pro-
duction. It has to be divided the bulk of the landlords are Protestants
that the price of apiece at least into
and Orangemen ; the soil is said to be exclusively INages,profit), and rent. So far is this now carried,
shca.re
~ in order to reward the many persons who
of fire muslin has to be
Protestant, and a body of resident Protestant
landlords would be, with all deference to Mr,
a.:_s st m producing it, amongst a greater nuinber
than we can tell, including the Glasgow weaver
O'CoNxErr, a sore plague to Ireland. The pre-
sence of the landlords then, without a change of
at one , end of the long chain) and at the other,
the tenure, would be of no advantage, and it is
the cotton-grower of Atabama, with all the inter-
to the latter, aisguised, however, under phrase-mediate assistants rat sailors, merchants, carriers,
c logy less calculated to excite alarm, rather
shipowners, &t!.. Vic. We know that this elabo-
than 'to the former, that the Hon. and Learned 1
rate division and appropriation is easily and uni-
Gentleman and his friends now look.
o*.:ner,
He spoke, for example, of there being about versaily made by the " huxtering of the mar,
relations
i kets ;" but surely the several relations in which
710,000 landed proprietors in Ireland, " wh•T as," he said, " if there were the ,aacTrie-e these various workmen stand to each proportion as in Holland, there would be 1,137,000." He and to the web or doth, are moral
which had no existence in the early ages.
..e wants, therefore, not that the present landlords should reside, but that We might Ct tend the decll:.ction, and the great
1,137,000 frugal, independent farmers such as use now made of pape: money would be rich in
own and cultivate Holland, should 'He wants, therefore, a change in
supply their illusthttions; but we only wish to indicate u
place.
Principle, a, a show that while the lairs, Whieh
the tenure of las he wants to substitute regulat:i the solar system hate b•eeti the same
the cultivators for the present landowners sin: htnnan knowledge, the
.:e •the beginning of
and we are bound to say, so far as ti moral moral relations a mankind have undergone
happiness of his country is • concerned, that great alterations consequent -on that which may
we think Mr. O'CONNELL is not far wrc-iig. ife be called a new physical fact, the filling of the
should, however, speak out, in orcler that 1 • ' surface of the earth with human beings. Now,
meaning may be known and weighed in Ee,ras it must be plain. to the. meanest capacity that the
land, and the public here be enabled to Jude knowledge which is necessary to our earthly
Whether or not they will support him.
and ail
happiness is a knowledge of these new relations
The appropriation of the soil in other parts oftheir consequences, not a knowledge of
Europe may be lost in the night of time, and a
whichlhe d ifferent relations and their consequences
Jong day of prescription may have given the pre- a pres ailed in antiquity. The natural
es profit,
sent possessors as good as an oriainal title •; but laws, for example, which regulate wages and
0
'the appropriation of the soil of Ireland conies grow out of them, and we need not re-
mind our readers that a knowledge of these laws
within the compass of modern history, avid W;
know, as well as we 's now of
know the geographical 1 . essential importance to the peace of
society. The State, we have already said, aspires
position of the country, that it was founded in
conquest and usuration.
..or the earthly happinezA of the
ill- te ore' ids f'
The first conquest by .°: - -. '
England in the reign of
1%1,4 enough ago
to HENRY 11. took place ' people -- it has ne pound nor means to
have blended the con- I promote their salvation •
, and the State conse-

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