The Sun.
London, England, 1841-05-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, MAY 13, 1841.

caused to be murdered, in order to produce that
qtgar. Now, it must be plain to every one, that it we
are to admit this sugar, more of it must be produced,
and more daily murders must be committed, in con-
sequence of our doing so. A thousand shuffles have
attempted in order to cloud and to conceal this
irresistible truth. One says, "No more slave-grown
sugar will be introduced ; " but the answer to that is,
" Then no revenue will be obtained." Another uses the
disgusting argument, which we have before exposed,
that because we use some slave-raised articles, with
respect to which we have no alternative, then we must
pretend to no delicacy in the matter of slavery, but
proceed to urge slave-owners to multiply their victims,
and commit murder after murder. Yet these two pre-
cious shifts make, in one shape or another,, the whole
the whole case of Lord Sandon's opponents.
COURIER.—The progress of Ministerial agitation
eontinues in a downward direction throughout the cowl-
try in despite of resounding appeals in Parliament, and
.aost urgent cries in the Press. The return for Son,iwich
of that brave Conservative, Mr. Hugh Hamilton Lind-
say, against one of the jobbing tribe of Foxes, by a gal-
lant majority of 46, is the indignant defiance of the men
of Kent to the appeal to the country loudly challenged
by a treacherous Ministry, if not seriously designed to be
carried into effect. The Treasury Press records the
farce of one other packed Anti-Corn-law meeting, held
in the Music Hall at Liverpool, by way of excluding
the people and the Chartists, where, however, some few
of the slumber gained admittance, and endeavoured to
propose resolutions and amendments of their own,
which, however, the Whig-knighted foreign corn-deal-
ing Chairman despotically refused either to put or enter-
tain. A couple of working men (apparent) were hired
on this- occasion to libel the character and betray the
interests of their own order by spouting against that
protective system elf Corn-laws, to which hundreds
of thousands of operatives both manufacturing and
commercial, exclusively owe employment and bread,
who, when deprived of labour on the land, by the repeal
of Corn-laws, must either enter upon a ruinons competi-
tion of lower wages to eject other labourers now in employ
at merely living rates of earnings, by which one unfortu-
nate mass of miserable men would only be cast out to pe-
rish to the extent instead of another, or would be thrown
upon New Poor-law and workhouse mercies for temporary
relief, which alone is all that could be pretended for such
vast multitudes, previous to final abandonment to all the
horrors of absolute want and death from starvation.
Not one word did these pretended workmen utter, be it
observed, against those new Poor-laws by which thr
working classes are so frightfully aggrieved, which may
be accepted as sufficient proof that they were specially
hired for the disgraceful purpose of the day. Besides
this wretched expedient of multiplying meetings in
one especial town, as if Liverpool were all
England, and Sir Joshua Wahnesley the only
Whig knight-errant who could be found for the
dirty work, let us not omit to notice that Leeds has had
its hole and corner meeting also in behalf of Ministerial
exigencies, held in the Cloth Ball (blue we believe) so
as from scanty room to keep out the operatives, but in
which becoming manoeuvre the ingenious contrivers were,
as at Stockport, most signally foiled. Such, with the-
small tAipplementary exploit of a clique at Kendal, is the
sum Of Whig-Radical popularity triumphs to this present I
writing.

MONEY M K T and CITY N IV S.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
CHIIiiNICLE.--, The Funds were flat in the early part of
the (I,iy, and Consols for the Account declined to 694 sellers;
a purchase, however, having been effected to the extent of
6;t,ot 0/. for money, by an irfluemial broker, the market dis-
played More firmness.
The debate of last night has done great ,„:,00d. The eyes
of the people are gettinat of en to the truth; they see that
th se men who wore the strongest opponents of the eman-
ci ation of our slave popuhtion ate row the strongest ene-
mies of the nteduction of the sugar duties, on abolition prin-
ciples; and that, while they. object to the reduction on
that ground, they al,o maintain that the diminution of duty
proposed is so trifling that it will not benefit the con-
sumer above Is. 6d. per cwt. In the first case they detect
gross inconsistency, and in the second they say, " if the reduc-
tion of duty proposed by the hovel nment be so small that. it
will not benefit the consumer, why don't their opponents pre-
pose.to make the re,iuction of duty. greater ?" They oppose the
relief which is proposed because it is so small, but they do not
propo,e to remove the objection which they have advanced by
making the relief not nominal but real. his salutary truth is
now placed fairly before the public, p.nd they will not fail to
make a proper use of it. The contradictory nature ot the esti-
mates of increased supply to be expected for the future is also
now made manifest. So soon as the price falls the sups ly from
tl e East Indies still fall also. But, supposing it shoul not ;all
off, and that Air. Hogg'sestimate of 100,0;0 tons next ear should
be realised. that ooly supports the case of toe consume;, a,
stated 'by the opponents of the Ministerial measure; for, as
according to their statement, the reduction of priee on the
estimated supply of 240,000 tAss, will not exceed one penny
in the pound a eight of sugar, the people are entitled to claim
the benefit of full competition; so that by the increast d
amount of supply the price may be brought down to a reasial-
able amount. Unless the Tories propose to make the differen-
tial duty less than the Chancellor of the Exchequer, they wia
not deceise the people by arguing that the consurniTs will not
be gainers by the alteration. The people, as bas been well re-
ma. ked by a Conterni,ottary, have got the scent of cheap sugar
in their nose, and they will not give it up until the sense of
taste as well as that of smell is gratified.
A paper has been circulated to day in the City, without any
name attached to it, containing a concise and able exposition
of the case of the consumer, that is, the case of the public
against the class interests. It deals ably with the ai guineas
of the English planters, and declares this paiyab!e and im-
portant truth, that " hereafter, those who shall have been in-
strumental in maintaining the exclusion of the produce of
Br.zil and Cuba from our markets must be held ans xetable for
the continuance of the African ,lave trade."
The writer of the document from which this sound maxim is
extracted discuses with good feeling and propriety the repugs
stance entertained by many philanthropists in this Country to
the use of stave produce; but he asks, with great pertinency,
while the products of slave labour :,re variouQ, " why it is
against sugar alone that the objection is raised?" He observes—
" C:tton, tobacco, and rice, we me without c‘taripunctior.
produced by staves, who toil unceasingly, hon.elessly,
in coicpariaion with whose Condit on the labourer on a sugar
plantation livds in bliss—goid, thus stained with hrman
crime and misery, we put into our pockets without a pang,
without a thought ! But even with respect to this one
article— sugar—what is our conduct ? Do we refuse to buy
it ? Does it offer violence to our conseieiices to encourage
its production by furnishing the. plrnter with the implements
of hmbandry and by clothing his slaves, taking pays ent in
th:tt which alone he has to give—slave grown sugar? Of
cotLn goods almie, made from a slave-grown product, w e
sent to Brazil in 1639 to the value of 1,633,3101. Ts make
C,e seventy-six millions of lards of cotton cloth sent to
Brazil in that one year was the work of tens of thousands
of our own industrious population, every one of whom vir-
tually gave encouragement to the sugar planters of Brazil.
There m'ght be sane philanthropy in our giving those
sevet,ty-six millions of yards of cloth to the negro labourers
in that country. and this would not be so expensive an ex.
ercise of that virtue by two-thirds as our present mode of de-
priving ourselves of the use of Brazilian sugar. But let that
pass;—we do buy this sugar; and what possible difference
can it make, in a moral point of view, whether we sweeten
our own tea and cotlee with it, or whether we send it for sale
to Germany to be used by the less scrupulous but mote con-
sistent populations there ?"
These facts are conclusive, and must convince the abolitionists
of the untenable stature of their argument. It is in vain for
them to say that we cannot exclude cotton and tobacco. There
is no impossibility about the matter, and if the argument be
good against sugar, it is equally so against the use ot all slave
products.

TIMES.—The premium on gold at Paris is 8 per mine,
which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 101/2d. per ounce
for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25. 36, and the ex-
chatike at Paris on London at short being 25. 40, it follows
that gold is 0.16 per cent. dearer in Lond ,n than in Paris.
By advises from Hamburgh the price of gold is 43s per mark,
which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. Mid. per ounce
for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13. Bf, and the ex.
change at Hamburgh on London at short being. 13. 71, it fol-
lows that gold is 0.47 per cent, dearer in Hambtirgh than
in London.

The Ministerial measures continue to affect the Public
Funds, and the market for Consols was all day in an unsettled
state. There was also a demand for money at 5 per cent.,
which of course influenced the value of Exchequer bills.
In the Continental exchanges there was no material alteration
in the rates upon Hamburgh and Paris, but Amsterdam was, if
anything, a trifle higher.
tly the usual official return published by the Customs, the
export of the precious metals from the port of London to fo-
reign and colonial parts for the week ending Thursdsy last was
as under : Ounce.
Silver coin to Rotterdam 63,000
Silver coin to Hamburgh.:. 16,000
Silver c,in to Bel Turn

STATE OF TRADE.
(From the Manchester Guardian.)
MANCHESTER.---Not the slightest improvement has
manifested itself in this market. On the contrary, the
continued absence of demand, and the consequent pres-
sure of stocks, compel the holders to submit to lower
and lower rates. Prices, both of goods and yarns,
are now, we believe, decidedly lower on the aver-
age than at any former period, and there seems to be no
prospect of amendment, except from a decided diminu-
tion of production. This week, we understand, ten of
the principal firms in the neighbourhood of Muttrain and
Hollingworth, whose collective produce is very con-
siderable, have agreed to work only four days per week ;
and similar arrangements are making in various other
places.

ROCHDALE FLANNEL MARKET, MONDAY, MAY 10.—
There have been more buyers in the market to-day, and
rather more pieces sold than last Monday ; but the
prices have been ruinously low. There is a report in
the market of another small manufacturer having stopped
payment. The Wool Market still continues in a very
depressed state.
HUDDERSFIELD MARKET, MAY 11. This was a very
dull market, in nearly all descriptions of goods, there
being a general flatness, quite unusual at this season, and
little prospect of an improvement. Prices are nominal.
Tradesmen generally look with gat anxiety to the tits-
eussions in Parliament, and hope that the crisis 1\ 1;1
result in some definite measures to relieve the.pressure
on commerce. The cry for a repeal of the Corn-laws,
and a modification of the Import Duties, is all but uni-
versal.

THE SHAWL MANUFACTURE IN
FRANCE.
(Fromm French publication.)
One of the brightest productions of France, the one which
has, perhaps, disp:ayed most conspicuously tile nianwacturing
genius of our country, occupyii,g sixty t►,ou=_and workmen,
and throwing every year into circidation a capital of 40,000,000
francs, the shawl industry is alarmed, and dreads an unex-
pected competition. It also calls upon the Government to
protect it acklinst foreign countries which threaten its very ex-
istence.

Let us first bestow a few words on the manufacture itself, it
wilt enable us to . judge more correctly of the evil it labours
under, and of the.enicacy of the remedy it demands.
The shawl, as is well known, derives its origin from India,
and the valley of Cachmere is still the head-quarters of a large
manufacture which find its debouches in Southern and Western
Asia. In none of those countries do the women wear shawls
as clothing ; it is to them a splendid ornament, an elegant
d:apery winch they twist rounu their heaus, fold upon their
arms, ur gracefully throw en sautoir when it is reduced to the
dimensions of a scarf. When it is of a larger size the. Ma-
hometans wear it as a tubau and a sash. That handsome, soft,
warm and delicate tissue is soveted with a profusiuu of odd
drawings ; the extravagance of the lines, the wild confusion of
the subjects—flowers, fruits, vegetables, animals, articles of
furniture, edifices, and figures often heaped together promiscu-
ously—display, nevertheless, a marvellous knowledge of colours
dexterously combined, lively and excessively glaring were they
not sofzened down by the artifice of a delicate lisere, which
supplies the contours of each subject and forms imperceptible
transitions. The Hindoo weavers work those subjects with the
spindle. At least, it is supposed so, f..r, iu reainy, the India
shawl is not a tissue such as we understand it, but a net-work
(reseau), solidly stopped ; a sort of net with very tight meshes;
a real ennhoictery, mace by detached portions, tnen put to-
ge'her, and trequently very unskilfully adupied to one another.
There still prevails a well kept secret a: to the economical
process of this industry. The only document that can shed a
teethe light on it is a sort of estimate, drawn up in the local
language, sent by Cieseral Allard to the trench Government,
officially trausisted by AI. .louannin, and published by the jury
of last exilibitiou in its report. The clearest thing hi that
document
,is that in the country itself a long shawl requires
eight months of labour, and costs the principal matiulacturer
between 2,400 and 4,000 francs. Now, the !acts we are about
to set forth prove either that our distinguished countryman has
been mystified, or that ihe India shawl manuiacture has within
a short period experienced a complete revolation.
If from the valley of Cachmere—we come back 9a Europe, we
find that the fit st Blida shawl made its appleariinee it Franc on
the return of the expedition to Egypt. It produced a..great
sensation in the elegant world, and among the manufacturers
of woollen shawls, which were then plain, very insignificant,
with wretched little borders tacked to them. They began
stitching very c woolisn shawls in the India style, which
then was as yet simple and endurable. but has since been ex-
aggerated in the most outre tkshion. Bellarige,r, Ternsux,
and aft,rwaids Lugai ce, Deneirouse, Git ard, Hebert, and
sonic other makers of thu first order, laboured night and day
to imitate the India shawl with the first raw materials come
from Asia by Moscow, and they succeeded atter overcoming
incredible difficulties. 'I he marvellous machine of Jacquart
came to their assistance, and there was so much manufaciui ing
science bestowed upon that copying achievement, that it may
be considered a real creation iii which neither Germany nal-
England has been able to follow us. Ali elegant Europe irom
that moan ut ordered of us Cachmere shawis as fine as those of
India, but of a lacer price. We believe that, at present, our
Pa: is manufacturers, the only ones that make the siiawl de laze
can ssppiy for 600 francs articles of the most finished execu-
tion , they can proeuce also very handsome ones at the. prise ist
500 francs.
But the shawl industry fell frem the first into an egregious
error ; though obliged to create its processes, it reigned itself
constantly, for all the rest, to enacting the ! art of a s=rviie
copier, for the finest French shawl is, after ail, but an imita-
tion of its Indian fellow. No doubt this counterfeiting has
nothing dishonest in it; nevertheless, like all things of that ne-
veithe.ess, like all things of that nature, it was accompanied
with contingent dangers that could not fail to manifest them-
selves at a period ineie or less remote; there is DU patent that
does not expii e soon or late. To encourage the French manu-
facture, the importation of India shawls was completely pro-
hibited, a measure most useless and unreasonable, for our ma-
nufacturers, in want of patterns, and not daring to depart from
the Indian style, addr, ssed themselves to smuggling, which
they have now good reason to condemn. A large seizure is on
record, which took place at the Custom-house of Blanc Ms..'
seron, and which had a singular denountent. M. Decase, then
Minister, permitted drawings of those beautiful shawls to be
taken at Blanc alisseron, and they were re-exported immedi-
ately after. But the sketches did not suffice, and smuggling
took care that the originals should not be wanting. Alt the
shawls found their way back to France, and copies which bear
the name of Blanc Alisseron might still be found in the trade.
We know but of one orginal, or nearly original, French shawl;
it is a chef d'ceuvre of the painter, Al. -Coudere, arid of M.
Gaussen, the manufacturer, but that chef d'munre has not ven-
tured to depart from the 'lndian style ; it is always the same
Oriental plants and flowers, animals, edifices, soldiers, and
sultans of Italia. Ternaux, that eminent manufacturer, had
indeed well perceived the radical vice of that art. With the
assistance of Isatsey's graceful pencil he attempted another
style, but if he did not then succeed, that (ices not impair the
correctness of his judgment. The manufacturing processes
were as yet very imperfect, and did not second him, and this is
so true that the way of putting together the sitlon du fond
with that of the broche was not yt t known. And then the
Oriental shawls were sold their weight In gold ; there was,
therefore, in it a question of vanity, and at least an anxiety to
look opulent. This prestige has long vanished, and it may
now be said that there is a satiety of the Indian style ; it is
taken for want of a better one, and if the real authentic
Cachmere is now preferred at an equal price, it is because,
whether right or wrong, it is be;i;.verl the not curable as re-
gards both tissue and colours. lie F, eii..h shawl had been
well received because it proved at length a substitute for the
old mantelet ; but the shawl remaining mottenikss, and, as is
were, steremyi ed, it could not eteina:ly please. the most ca-
pricious of ail goddesses; site summoned the mantle to her as-
sistance, and the resuscitated mantelet then came and con-
tinued the struggle which the ugly burn... a tit. Kabyles vi-
gorouq-maintams against tit poor shawl. The mi-f irtune of
this industry is, therefore, that it has not bokly entered the
path which Ternaux opened to it. The rather tyrsianical
taste of the consumer imp-ses, no doubt, very hard laws upon
the manufacturer; hut it would be easy to prove, with the as-
sistance of many a fact, that maiinfacturin4 genius acts upon
the public with great power, arid !hat the public, after all,
willingly accepts what is really fine when manufacture! s know ,
how to render It.

And now, something myi'erious is passing in the marufac-
turi :g world. We Frenchmen formerly s-nt some ut our
Cachnieres to Engla...d, which suit for Indian shawls so long
as the trick wa. not d, teeted ; an,t at Ares nt the East India
Company pu:diely se is in Lorntin genuine India shads at a
ii th of their old -.ra;ue, and at a price which nearly touches
th t of our Initvl.! The petition of the French mantvac-
; turers a4serts ir, the Cu-to;ns' C;;mmittee avow it., and smug-
kers, reckless of the present duty of 80 f ancs upAn square,
an,i 150 franc., o, 1 ng -bawls, import an enor,hous quantity
of t.huse la into France; 2,144 of those precious tissues
which had left our entrepots f r Ba;e, Geneva, :old hatnbery,
renewed in the }ear 1839 the Blanc 31irerrizi adventure, and
re-ent,red France every one of them ! T- remedy what they
consid, r a must threatening state of things. the manufac-
turers, who consi'er themselves " lost" and " annihilated"
unle-s tl.e Government afford them efficient assistance, would
have a duty of 1,00(1 francs laid on every foreign shawl,
which would be equivalent to another prohib;tion. Mote-
over, they would have a stamp and number affixed to every
shawl paying the duty, another stamp put to 311 those now
existing in the warelvapes, and the seizure of all shawls that
shall not have been stamped within a certain period.

REVIEW AND SIEGE OP;- RA-
TIONS BY THE GARRISON Oki CIIATHAAI, IN
CONCERT WITH THE ROYAL ENGINEERS.
Prepiiratiens were mad.. on Monday, the 10th instant, to
receive his Royal Highness the Duke of Carebrit!ge. who had
expressed his intention of inspecting the estatlehmi nt for the
instruction of the junior officers of the Royal Engineers, and
the Royal Sappers and M ners, of which Colonel Pasley is Di-
rector, at Chatham; but as the inspection of paialtels, ap-
proaches, batteries, &c , would be very unniteresting, unless
manned by infantry and artillery, the Commandaitt of the gat ri-
son directed that this should be done, as on former occasions.
Much to tne disappointment of thousands, it was announced on
the morning of that day, that his Royal ilighness was prevented
from attending Isy ireii,posit.on, but as two conjunct. mint s had
been prepared fur explositin, anti very extensive field-works
had been perfected, and segts guns and mortars had been
placed in battery, by order of Coterie' Sir William War re,
Commandant of the garrison. the intexeled operatic ns were car-
ried into effect in the following order, commencing at I i o'clock.
The troops of the garrison having manned a front
of fortification, and also the parallels, approaches, lodgements,
and batteries erected against it by the engineers, the operations
were opened by a general fire of infantry and artillery on both
,ides. After some time an officer of engiwers was observed
through the smoke moving towards a barrier gate, which closed
the centre of the curtain, and having hung a bag of powder to •
it, he lighted a Bickford's fuze attached to the bag, and retired.
In less than a minute the pow ler exploded and blew the gate
to pieces. This was the preconcerted moment at which the
mines were to he fired by the Voltiiie battery, which was done
in the usual manner by an engineer officer, in tie second paral-
lel, by rubbing one wire against another ; instantaneous ex-
plosion took place, and the effect was magnificent. An excel-
!' nt. breach was formed, and by a simuttaneous movement two
as co:mutts rustiedfroat t:eir cover, one towards the gate-
way, and the other towards the breach, both of which, however,
were obstinately contested until the defenders were obliged to
retire by an escalading party who took them in flank. After
some animated and skilful skirmishing on both sides, " Cease
firing " was sounded. aiid the whole garrison who had brew
employed in these operations to-med in front of the lines, and
marched past the Commandant in review order.
There were about 1,20:, men under arms on the occasion, be-
sides a peat number of recruits to keep the ground. The day
was propitious, and no drawback to the pleasure of the specta-
tors occurred, excepting th arts, nee of the R-tyai Duke.
Colonel sir William arre in person directed the operations
of the besiegers, who were opposed by Colonel Weare, at the
head of the provisional battalion as defenders.
Celoeel Pasley came from Portsmouth, where he had been
employed more than a week in resuming the operations against
the wreek of the Royal George, in order that he might be
present to receive his Royal Highness all the engineer prepa-
rations neces-ary for that purpose having been made in the
mean time by Captain Sandhain, his second in command.
1 he breach was stormed by the 771 h, under Major Wilson,
and the Reth, headed by 'Major Trevor. The gateway was
carried by the 75th and 33d, forming a battalion under Alajor
Westmore. The eseal tie was executed by the Roy.tl Sappers
and liners. under the cummarel of Captain Sandham, ,up-
perted by the Royal und. r Lieutenant-Colonel Mur-
ton An engineer officer attended upon the command ng
officer of each corps, as would be the eitse in a real assault.
The mint s were prepared and fired by Captain Wulff.
The officers of the garrison regretted the absence of his
Royal Highness, and still more the ause of it ; but hope :o
have the honour and pleasure of r. ceivi ng him with due hu-
uours as soon a, his health shall be te-esteblisiied.
There bare been siege reviews, as we may ti rm them, of the
same deste iptien at Chatham, but note very recently. As tlrey
break the mono ony of the common infantry maticeuvres, they
are not on'y a novelty to the spectaters. but are extremely
interesti g, as well as instructive to the officers and men eat-
pleyed.