The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-20 00:00:00

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OP THIS DAY.
CHRONICLE.—It is now little more than a twelve-
month since the Tories proposed in Parliament a formal
vote of want of confidence in the Melbourne Administra-
tion. The principal ground upon which that vote was
urged was the supposed connection between Whiggism
and Chartism. The Ministerial party were accused of
truckling to democratic agitation, in order topurchase votes.
We said at tl:e time that the chip, was untrue, and that
the crime of tampering with men whose language and con-
duct proclaimed them the enemies of all social order,might
be imputed with much more justice to those who were re-
ceiving on the hustings the support of the Oastlers and
Stephenscs than to the Whig Government, whose policy
had proved the greatest possible discouragement to
the cause of revolution. The proceedings connected with
Mr. Walter's canvass at Nottingham place this fact of
the natural alliance between Toryism and Chartism in a
more striking light titan ever. A scat becomes vacant in
an important manufacturing town at a time when the
temptation to purchase a single additional vote at any cost
of character are; cOhristency is too strong to be resieed.
Accordingly a candidate is put forward, who, although his
support would at any other time be indignantly rejected by
any party calling itself Conservative, appears the most likely
to suer end in the grand task of getting the Tories and Char-
tists of Nottingham to merge what the Times, with it ac-
customed delicacy, calls' their ordinary differences," fur the
purpose of striking a blow which shall be "felt in t he tecosses
of Downing-street." Of Mr. Walter's qualifications as a
Conservative candidate there can be little doubt, after the
speeches of his supporters in the Conservative Hal at
Nottingham, as reported in the Conservative papers of
yesterday. According to the express testimony of one of
the principal speakers, Mr. Sweet, who describes himself
as an " uncompromising Chartist," Mr. Walter has come
down to Nottingham, sanctioned by noless an authority than
that of Me. Richard Ostler and Mr. Vincent. " I go,"
says the uncompromising Chartist, "by advice of my friend
Mr. Oastler, my friend Mr. John Fielders, my friend Mr.
Pitkeithly, and my friend Mr. Vincent, to sweep the
Whigs from the face cf the earth. I believe that if
we succeed now in returning Mr. Walter for our
representative, it will strike the death-blow of the
Melbourne Administration." Really the difference be-
tween the " uncompromising Chartist" and the " uncom-
promising Tory" is become too minute to be any longer
distinguishable, and the advice of Messrs. Oastler end
Vincent coincides to the very letter with that which we
have been in the habit of hearing at Conservative dinners.
Why Tories and Chartists should not coalesce when they
have professedly the same prime object in view, namely,
" the striking a death-blow at the Melbourne Adminis-
tration," we are at a loss to know. Whether the reseee-
table Conservatives of Nottingham will enlist under the
banners of Messrs. Oaatler and Vincent, for the
purpose, (to borrow once more the language of Mr.
Walter's uncompromising Chartist supporter, "of
showing to the world their detestation of the princi-
ples and the concoctors of the infamous and damnable
Poor-law," remains to be seen. Perhaps, before dcing so,
they will ponder a little on the fact that the Duke of Wel-
lington, Si- Robert Peel, Lord Stanley, and all the most
distinguished Parliamentary leaders of the Conservative
party are, if not the concoctors, the pledged and avowed
friends and supporters of this " infamous and damnable"
law, and of the principles upon which it is based. They
will consider, perhaps, that great as may be the value
of a vete on party grounds, it may be puichased too
dearly by the loss of character to the Conservative
party, and by the palpable encouragement to the re-
volutionary designs of Chartist demagogues, involved in
the reams] of such a candidate as Mr. Walter on such
grounds as those proclaimed to the world by his most ac-
tive supporters. One good at least must result from this
election, however it may terminate; it will test the sin-
cerity of the Conservative leaders in Parliament, who
have over and over again expressed, in the strongest
terms, their adherence to the principles cf the
Poor-law Amendment Act, and their abhorrence and de-
testation of such language as is now used to forward the
success of isle. Walter. If after the meeting at the Con-
servative Hall, at Nottingham, the Conservatives of that
town do as a body support Mr. Walter, it must be mani-
fest to every one that the Tories are willing to do what
they falsely imputed to the Whigs, viz., to purchase place
by coquetting with revolution.
POST.—Our readers may imagine the insanity of pre-
judice which actuates the advocates of a repeal of the
Corr-'taws when we tell them that these philosophical
gentry can see no difference, as respects the prosperity of
this country, between an abundant supply of corn from
our own soil and an abundant supply from foreign
countsies. 'Tis all the same, they cry, " the manufac-
turers and shopkeepers, and the whole inhabitants of
towns, would feel the benefit precisely the same." We
do not at all admit this ; but, supposing it true, is it fair
to consider only manufacturers, and shopkeepers, and
inhabitants of towns? Grant that it is the same
thing to the manufacturer whether the produce of his
capital and industry be exchanged with the corn-grower
of' Hungary or of Hertfordshire, surely it is not the same
thing to the English corn-growers? And, as it happens
that the annual produce of land in the United Kingdom
exceeds in value the produce of manufacturing industry by
no less a sum than one hundred millions sterling, it is,
without a doubt, as important a national concern to look
after the interest of the corn-growers as that of the
manufacturers. It is easy to speak in glowing terms
of the blessings of abundant and cheap corn, but if
we consider that the process by which corn is to be
made abundant and cheap would deprive one half of
the population of the means of purchasing corn, what
would avail the abundance or the cheapness to them ?
Would the manufacturers or the importing merchants give
away the cheap foreign corn for nothing to the English
agriculturists who would be thrown out of work ? No ;
that is not their principle. They would rather sell their
skeletons to foreign bone-fanciers, if they could make a
commission per centage on the sale. Great, indeed, is the
advautage of abundance of corn, when in every way it
touches upon the condition of our own people—when our
farmers who raise it have not only enough, but to spare,
and can expend the surplus in the purchase of com-
forts which the manufacturers prepare. But it is absurdity,
and more than absurdity—it is mare insanity—to com-
pare with this state of things an abundance which
by the force of competition would drive our farmers out of
our own markets, and leave them without any remunera-
artion for their labour. The inhabitants of some manufac-
turieg towns might not feel the difference, but is it not
perfectly clear that, whereas in the one case the country
is made happy, in the other case it would be made mi-
serable ? Nor is it in the least probable that upon the
whole the manufacturers would derive any benefit from
abundance of foreign corn, for supposing the foreign mar-
ket to take off a hundred millions' worth in the year more
than it does at present (that is to increase threefold, which
is an extravagant supposition), still that would not more
than comyentate for the loss of the home market for ma-
nufactures. And if the landed and agricultural interest were
ruined, assuredly that home market would he ruined also.
TIMES. —We adverted last week to a feature is the
policy of the present Administration, which is rapidly be-
coming more apparent and more disgusting. We allude
to their systematic and total disregard of all those ques-
tions which former Governments, of whatever shades of
politics, would have felt it their duty to endeavour to settle,
simply because their want of settlement led to dissensions
and disorders among the people, and thereby proved and
rendered manifest the deficiencies cf the exiting law.
The marked and studied contempt with which all such
matters are now passed by, in a great measure warrants the
%inlet!, which is rapidly increasing, that the Melbourne
Cabinet looks with pleasure on these dissensions, and
would by no means desire to end them, inasmuch as
the y t=ad "to keep the people occupied," aud thus to
withdraw their attention from the weaknesses and blunders
of the Government. A variety of cases cf this kind might
be
specified;
but we will only instance two or three.
Nothing can he more lamentable than the state of stress
in Scotland. The civil and t celesiavical courts are
there approaching to utter defiance of each other. Se-
veral leading ecclesiastics have, for months least, braved
;
the strongest threats of the Court of Session
and a very
short time more may see a fearful flame lighted up, the
en quching of which neght he synonymous e
tion of the existing church establishent eaesxinc"
a case in which it was we re evidently incumbent
on
there
a Government at least to attempt something in mitiea-
lion, if not in removal, of those prodigious perils. But
the Prime M.nistcr, when asked with great anxiety by his
brother Peers what his intentions ate is this matt.r,
carelessly replies, with more than his customary non-
chalance, that he really las no intentions whatever 1
In England the law of Church-rates, though not
fraught with one-half of the p erils which threaten
the Scottish Establishment, still works for both
burchman and Dissenter by its various obscurities,
ndless trouble, litigation, and heart-burnings. In
1834 Lord John Russell and his colleagues introduced
into Parliament a measure for the settlement of this ques-
tion, which was generally accepted by Churchmen, and
only opposed by Messrs. -Hume • and Hawes and the Dis-
senting Radicals. Why has this Bill never been again
brought forward? Ministers could pass it, or something
amoueting to the same thing, this very Session if they
chore. But they " have no intention "of even attempt-
ing it. And why not ? Chiefly, we fear, because it is
supposed to answer their party purposes better to leave
the question still in dispute and doubt, so that both
Churchman and Dissenter, finding full occupation in ha-
rassing each other, might have no leisure to quarrel with
the imbecility of the Government.
HERALD.—We hare allowed the County Courts
Bill an interval of repose. It is now several weeks since
we disturbed the parental solicitude of Mr. Fox Maule by
rudely exposing to public view the misshapen proportions
and rickety deformities of this precious bantling of his
lego-legiatative genius. Gently did the mild sprit of
a temporisisg Conservatism conceal its defec's. Silent
was that excessive charity which occupies the seats of
Opposition, and which, rather than disturb the qui' t
of the Haute of Commons, can look on table all
our most valued institutions are crumbling away beneath
tinkering of the clumsiest workmen, and most
ti bless destroyers in the world. Na.,. even &mess
ware strewed by some so-called Conservative hands upon
the cradle where Mr. Fox Maule's dar!ing, fresh from the
nEsiottEce nursery of little monsters, awaited the magic
touolPsf the Parliamentary wand that was to stool it forth
a full-grown and gigantic evil on the country. We trust
that before that time comes, we shall have consigned it to
that state in which it will be only fit to be -preserved in
Stirite, and deposited among the dusty lumber of some mu-
seum of ugly curiosities. We have spoken of having dis-
turbed theparental soli, itude of Mr. F. Maule, but we forgot
ourselves, Mr. F. Maule "never reads the Morning Herald,"
and so be remains in happy ignorance of what we have said
of kis Bill for converting justice late an itinerant pedlar,
seeking custom by the exhibition of the " cheapest" and
worst of wares wares cheap at no price, and dear at any
Price. If cheapness that is an apparent cheapness—is
the great consideration in the admitiistration of law and
justice, why not begin with the Courts in Westminster
.Hall, and by applying the reduced scale of costs to !Wee-
tion there, give the public some chance of getting tblic
geat4itte article as well as the cheap one ? If the principle
of Mr. Fox Maulu's Bill be good, it is as applicable to
the Court of Queen's Bench, or Common Pleas, or Ex-

chequer, or to the three Courts of Equity, as to any County
Court in the kingdom.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

POST.--There was but little passing in this part of the
town to-day to attract attention. Mot ey cont A iessufficiently
easy for all the purpos,s ef trade, and equally, or even
more so, at the Stock Exchange. it is evident, however,
that the late intelligence from China has affected the
credit, in a greater or less degree, not only of houses
known to have been speculating in the tea market,
but that ef etheis also who are supposed to be im-
plicated. though less directly, perhaps, in the losses
that will be eventually realised by the leaf. Yet it
is considered that many persons who have not, in the
ordinary way of business, any dealings in this branch
of commerce, may have been induced, by the pecu-
liar state of the trade, and the great prospect there seemed
at one moment to be of difficulties of some duration %I ith
the Chinese, to participate in it to a considerable extent.
A general dulness pervades the produce markets, and it is
upon this assumption that the circumstance is accounted
for by the best informed people connected with it: The
funds, in the interval, maintain the advance lately reported
with much steadiness.

The packet arrived at Falmouth from Lisbon does not
appear to have brought any news of importance. At all
events, there is nothing in what has transpired that ca•r be
considered favourable to the interests of the bondholders.
There was a prospect of the new commercial treaty with
England being at length concluded. and if the bases of it
prove to be what they are pretty generally understood to
be, Lord Palmerston scents to be in a fair way to be cut-
mar ceuvred by the crafty and unscruplous Lusitantans ; but
the Exchequer was in the same impoverished condition as
heretofore. Not a milrcis was to be found for the CUT rent
expenditure of the Government, otherwise than through
the medium of the old usurious process, to which it has
been the practice to resort when a crisis has arisen to
countenance the proceeding. The bonds here have, never-
theless, advanced a trifle to-day.

SUN.—The funds to-day were in a firm position, and in
the opinion of many there is a good prospect for a rise
between this and the next account day. Appearances
at present are certainly in favour of this supposition.
For immediate transfer Consols have realised 901 to
and for the Account 90i to -a. Exchequer Bills remained
firm at 13s. to lbs. preen., and India Bonds at 2s. prem.
to par. Bank Stock was at 172 to 1724, India Stock ad-
vanced to 2554, the Reduced Three-and-1- Half per
Cents, realised 93 to the Threw per Cent. Annuities
89i to I, and the New Three-and-a-Half per Cents. 99i
to f.
The Foreign Securities have been rather inanimate to-
day, but they have supported fully the previous rates.
The Active Spanish Bonds have been marked 23k to 4,
the New Five per Cent. Portuguese Stock rose to 334
and 344, closing at 34i ; and the Three per Cents. were
done at 20} ; Mexican Bonds of 1837 advanced to 30:1 to
; and Colombian were at 224; Peruvian were steady at
17k, and Brazilian still were flat at 694; Belgian Bonds
rose to 103, but did not leave off higher than 1024 ;
Danish Bonds were not higher than 774, but Dutch Two-
and-a- Half rer Cents. improved to 524.
A ready market is still to be found for Railway Secu-
rities, at good prices. The latest bargains were at 31 for
the Great Western, at 15 for the New, at 8 for the Fifths,
at 70 for the Birmingham, at l for the Greenwich scrip,
and at 34 premium for the York and North Midland.
Brightonlwere 2, Blackwall at 51, Manchester and Leeds
at 31, Birmingham and Derby at 28, and Eastern Coun-
ties at 13i discount. London and Westminster Bank New
Shares advanced to 2t premium.

THE MISSION OF THE PRESS.
The following are the passages in Mr. Carlyle's re-
cent work on Hero Worship to which we yesterday al-
luded in the leader relative to the Nottingham Election,
but which we were prevented from quoting by not
having the book at the moment under our hands

It is clear, however, that with this simple circum-
stance, facility of getting books, the whole conditions of
the business from top to bottom were changed. Once in-
vent printing, you metamorphosed all Universities, or
superseded them. The teacher need not now to gather
men personally round him, that ho might speak to them
what he knew ; print it in a hook, and all learners far and
wide, far a trifle, had it each at his own fireside, much
more effectually to learn it ! Doubtless there are still
peculiar virtues in speech ; even writers of books may still,
in some circumstances, find it convenient to speak also
witness our present meeting here There is, one would
say, and must ever remain, while man has a tongue, a dis-
tinct province for speech, as well as for writing and
printing. In regard to all things this must remain ; to
Umversities among others. But the limits of the two
have nowhere yet been pointed out, ascertained, much less
put in practice; the University which would completely
take in that great new fact of the existence of printed
books, and stand on a clear footing for the nineteenth
century, as the Paris one did for the thirteenth, has not
yet come into existence. If we think of it, all that a
University or final higher school can do for us, is still but
what the first school began doing—teach us to read. We
learn to read in various languages, in various sciences ;
we learn the alphabet and letters of all manner of books.
But the place where we are to get knowledge, even theo-
retical knowledge, is the books themselves. It depends
on what we read, after all manner of Professors have done
their best for us. The true University of these days is a
collection of books.

But to -the Church itself, as I hinted already, all is
changed, in its preaching, in its working, by the introduc-
tion of books. The Church is the working recognized
union of our priests or prophets, of those who by wise teach-
ing guide the souls of men. While there was no writing,
even it bile there was no easy writing, or printing, the
preaching of the voice was the sole method of performing
this. But now with books ! He that can write a true
book, to persuade England, is not he the bishop, and arch-
bishop, the Primate of England, and of all England? I
many a time say the writers of newspapers, pamphlets,
poems, books, these are the real working effective Church
of a modern country. Nay, not only our preaching, but
even our worship is it not too accomplished by means of
printed books ?

" Fragments of a real Church Liturgy " and body of
Homilies, strangely disguised from the common eye, are
to be found weltering about in that huge froth ocean of
printed speech we loosely call literature. Books are our
Church too. .
Or turning to the government of men. Wittenagemote,
old Parliament, was a great thing. The affairs of the
nation were there deliberated and decided ; what were we
to do as a ' nation ? But does nor, though the name of
Parliament subsists, the Parliamentary debates go on now
every where, and at all times, in a far mare comprehensive
way out of Parliament altogether. Burke said there were
three estates in Parliament; but, in the reporter's gallery
yonder, there sat a fourth estate more important far than
they all. It is not figure of a speech, or a witty saying,
it is a literal fact, very momentous to us in these times.
Literature is our Parliament too. Prin,ing, which comes
necessarily out of writing, I say often, is equivalent to
democracy. Invent writing, democracy is inevitable.
Writng brings printing, brings universal every day extent-
pore printing as we see at present. Whoever can speak,
speaking now to the whole nation becomes a power, a
branch of government, with inalienable weight in law-
making, in all acts of authority. It matters not what rank
he has, what revenues or garnitures, the requisite thing
is, that we have a tongue which others will listen to ; this
and nothing more is requisite . The nation is gc.verned
by all that his tongue in the nation; democracy is virtu-
ally there. Add oily that whatsover power exists will
have itself hv-and-hy organized ; working secretly under
bandages, otselvitiane, obstructions, it will never rest till
it get to work frt e, unincumbored, visible to all. Dente-
craey, virtually extant, will insist on becoming palpably
extant.

WINC HESTE R.—APRIL 16.
(raom A CORRESPONDENT.)
Morton's comedy of The School of Reform was pro-
duced at our theatre last night, when we were afforded
the high gratification of witnessing the only actor now
living capable of giving full and perfect expression to
the character of Tyke, Mr. Rayner, who has been en-
gaged here for a limited reriod. This geutlernan, it
will be remembered, made his first appearance in the
same character at Covent-garden immediately after the
death of John Emery, and was instantly hailed as the
only I, gitirraie successor of that inimitable actor. Mr.
Raynet's performance last night was as vigorous, as
i natural, and, in every way, as effective and powerful ai
it could ever have been. The audience testified their
admiration by re-iterated and unequivocal indications
The applause. evidently
of the impression which it made upon their feelings.
house was well at.ended. came from the heart. The
Mr. Rayner, we understand, is likely to be enlisted
by Mr. Macready among his new company for Drury-
lane Theatre. It is singular that a performer of such
undoubted talent, and who, notwithstanding many. dis-
couragements, still retains no inconsiderable share of
popularity among the London play-goers, should not
have remained a permanent " fixture" on the boards of
one or other of the principal metropolitan theatres.
B
likely
to be once more re-opened,
under 1M
we
for the purpose of
holding " the mirror up to nature,' and in a manner
ut as
the old
auspices Drury
is
of Al.
not unworthy of its former fame, 7shall be glad to
hail this gentleman and " truly original" (as he
was once described by Campbell the poet) again in his
proper element. -J.

THE WEATHER.
ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE.

STREET.

Nowt APRIL 20
Barome!or 29 77 In•

Thermometer

49 Deg.

fllL;l:t`S[

Lowest
IV:nd W.—Freezing Point 32 Deg.

The Society of Female Musicians will give i $
second annual concert on Friday evening, when Handel's
L' Allegro ed it Pensieroso will be performed for the first
time for many years by a host of vocal and instrumental
talent, who have off-red their services in aid of the funds
of this laudable institution, which was established in 1839,
by Miss Masson and a few other ladies, for the support of
aged and indigent female professors of music.
SERIOUS ACCIDENT.—On Friday afternoon,
about three o'clock, a serious accident happened in
Pitcher's dry dock, Limehouse. Several men and a boy
were employed on a stage supported by " point-blank
shores," alongside the ship Repulse, and were caulking the
vend, when the props which supported the platform gave
way, the stage fell, and the caulkers were prec'pitated into
the dock. They were all severely bruised ; the boy bad
his thigh broken, and was taken to the hospital. A man
named Clark broke his fore-finger, and two young men,
named Poole and Dixon, were much injured by the fall,
but were able to resume their work next day.