The Sun.
London, England, 1847-12-10 00:00:00

A letter from Bologna, of the 30th ult. says—

" It is asserted here that a convention has been con-
cluded between the Government of Rome and that of
Vienna, for the evacuation of Ferrara. On the 4th of
next month the Austrians will, it is said, leave the
town, and retire to the fortress. They will, however,
occupy the two barracks and the hospital, as hitherto,
and will keep with the Papal troops the barrier leading
to Ponte di Lago Scuao, on the Po. Count Graziadi
replaces Cardinal Ciachi, ad interim, in the Govern-
ment of the Legation of Ferrara. The affair of Luni-
giana is not yet arranged between Tuscany and Mo-
dena ; but if it be true, as we are assured, that the
Customs League is already converted into a defensive
alliance between Rome, Turin, and Florence, Tuscany
has nothing to fear. The 5,000 muskets bought in
France, for the National Guard of Bologna, have ar-
rived ; and they will be distributed to-morrow, to the
different quarters. The arms reserved for Ancona have
also arrived. There have not yet arrived any arms
destined to the towns of Romagna. The students of our
university have demanded to be allowed to form a se-
parate battalion, similar to the University battalion of
Pisa."

The Florence Gazette announces that several cases
presenting all the symptoms of Asiatic cholera had
manifested themselves at Venice and in the island of
Palma.

Vesuvius has been giving new signs of life since
the 13th ult. Ten torrents of lava, more or less large,
have been flowing from the craters in a southern
direction, towards Oltojana, Bosco-Real, and Torre-
Greco, stopping only a short distance from the wooded
plains which surround these towns. A new crater of
about five yards diameter has formed itself on the
mountain, and with great noise throws up incessantly
stones, cinders, and flakes of fire, from which a strong
smell of sulphur emanates.
Madrid papers of the 2d have arrived.

The Address was carried in the Chamber of Depu-
ties by a majority of 124 to 46, after an animated
discussion, in the course of which Senor OLOZAGA
promised NAZVAEZ the support of the Progressista
party so long as he should adhere to, and fully
carry out, the principles he had enunciated in his
programme.

MADRID BOLSA, DEC. 2.—The Three per Cents. were
done at 26i at 50 days ; the Five per Cents., at 151
for paper; the Debt without Interest, at 44 ; and the
Coupons, at 10i.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.

I. GUIZOT is evidently puzzled how to act with
regard to Switzerland. The French Minister may
say, with regard to the President of the Diet, " If
I had known he had been so cunning of fence I would
have seen him hanged ere I had meddled with him."
The following article from the Journal des Debuts is
written in the true Aguecheek vein :

"What first of all strikes one in the note is, that it is
addressed to the President of the Diet, and to the Pre-
sident of the Council of War in the Sonderbuud, so
that, in the eyes of the Powers, the two parties present
themselves with equal rights. The Powers do not re
cognise, as the Radical majority pretended, on one side
the Diet, that is, the regular and legal Government of
the country, and on the other the rebels. No; they be-
hold legal Switzerland in the Sonderbund as much as in
the majority, or perhaps even more. This point being
admittted, there follows several consequences, which
every one can understand. As to the past, it gives to
the acts that have taken place their veritable significa-
tion, and are precisely contrary to that whieh the
Radicals desired to attach to them ; as to the future, it
will serve as a rule to the Powers, and will guide them
in the choice of the arrangements which they intend to
recommend to Switzerland, in order to put an end to the
sanguinary differences which tear that country to pieces.
But persons exclaim, the Sonderbund no longer exists ;
it is vanquished. Undoubtedly ; but, after defeat,
right still subsists. The cantons of the Sonderbund
have yielded to force ; but the sentiment of right pro-
tests in every heart of that oppressed minority. It is
this right which the powers take under their protection
before the whole civilized world. They cannot do any-
thing now relative to the issue of the war, but they
can do much with respect to the consequences which
are only too eagerly attempted to be drawn from it.
Thus, with a common accord, they lay down an
important principle, which, under present circum-
stances, is the most precious guarantee that the con-
quered cantons can desire—viz., that no modification
can be made in the compact without the unanimous
assent of all the cantons. The compact is a contract
which binds all the 22 sovereign states of Swiwrland,
and it is an elementary rule that a contract cannot be
modified but with the consent of all the parties concerned
in it. Tlie,Powers, therefore, only proclaim and take
under their safeguard a principle of common right. The
Powers besides, to make this declaration, possess a double
quality, which cannot be contested. On the one hand,
they are parties to the contract which admitted Switzer-
land in 1815 into the European order, with the advan
tare of its neutrality being guaranteed by them; and
on the other, they are guarantees of the independence
of each of the 22 cantons composing the Confederation.
The majority of the Dint has, therefore, nothing to
cppose to this part of the note. However, if we
are not mistaken, it is that which will thwart their
dearest projects. That they are desirous of modify-
ing the compact is not a secret for any one, not-
withstanding certain official denials. The Powers
warn them that they cannot do so except in re-
specting the cantonal sovereignty, and in giving the
most positive and most effective proot of that respect.
It is evident that if they have done nothing to prevent
the victory of the Radical majority, they are determined
to prevent this victory from being fatal to the van-
quished. These two points appear to us to sum up the
essential dispositions of the note; first, the right is denied
to the majority of declaring themselves the Diet, the
legal authority; and next it is declared that they must
not meddle with the independence of the cantons. It is
the five great Powers, France, England, Austria, Prus-ia,
and Russia, who employ this firm language to Switzer-
land. This imposing unanimity will have, we trust, a
salutary influence over the approaching determination
of the Diet. As to us, it is impossible not to behold
with a sincere satisfaction the great Powers of Europe,
and England in particular, in accord with our Govern-
ment, in attempting a mediation for the purpose of at
last pacifying the Helvetic Confederation. It is to be
remarked, that if the tone of the note is firm, it is also
amicable. No one wishes to wound the just suscep-
tibilities of this small and interesting republic, and
France, in particular, will always consider it important
to live in good intelligence with it"
The Constitutionnel says—
-

"If Switzerland shall not accept the offer made to it
is the note transmitted to it by Bois le Comte, what
resolution will M. Guizot pretend to suggest to the five
Powers ? Will he draw up some new piece of eloquence
to address anew to Switzerland counsels which will be
again politely disregarded ? Does he propose to enter
with arms into Switzerland, to cause the principle that
the Pact :;hall not be revised if the cantons are not
unanimous to prevail for the future ? Are they
speeches or soldiers which he counts in the present
state of things to send to the twenty-two cantons ? The
more one examines the invention of M. Guizot, the more
one finds in it an inexhaustible stock of absurdity and
ridicule. Decidedly M. Guizot has just accomplished a
chef d'auvre which will immortalise his presidency, and
cause laughter to the most distant posterity."

The severity of these remarks consists in their
truth. M. GUSZOT has placed himself in a position
to be laughed at, and the man who has once rendered
himself ridiculous is, in France, ruined as a public
character for ever.

M. GUIZOT may, however, perchance, " screw his
courage to the sticking place," and, notwithstanding
the lukewarmness of Austria, the neutrality of
Prussia, and the opposition of England, may,
by one last and desperate effort, " one alone,"
and single-handed, attempt an intervention in the
affairs of Switzerland This would be the bold and
decided method. As the Notional justly asks him—
" Why do you pause? Do you not comprehend that
this overflow of abuse is the most silly of hostilities ?
Come, have the courage to act according to your
hatred; the question is only to put down Radicalism,
and in so small a country as Switzerland! Two
millions of souls! an army of 150,000 men, and
scarcely any money I The heroism of M. GUIZOT
may be exercised cheaply. Let him then try the ad-
venture! Let him demand from France her gold and
her men for this glorious expedition I":
There will be a grand reform dinner at St. Denis on
the 14th. The Deputy for the arrondissement, M.FER-
DINAND DE LASTEYRIE, will preside, and among the
guests will be MM. DUPONT (de l'Eure), ARAGO,
MARIE, GARNIER PAGES, BARROT, LAMARTINE,
DUVEEGIER DE HAURANNE, LH➢RBETTE LASTEYEIJI
the elder.

The Ministerial candidate at Belfurt, General
L'LLLONET, has been elected by a majority of 84 over
M. RossEE, the Opposition candidate—the numbers
b*ing, for General BELLONET 191, for M. RossEE
107. This victory, however, is but a poor compen-
sation for the severe check which the Ministry has
received in Paris, where on the election of twelve
candidates, from whom the KING is to choose the,
mayor and deputy-mayor of the second arrondisse-
ment, eleven Opposition candidates were returned,