The Sun.
London, England, 1841-08-04 00:00:00

TIIE SUN, LONDON% virETINESDAY, ArGUST 4 - 1841.

quantity of manure, and keeping up thefertility of the
soil), and that each acre yields 200 stone, the total
quantity will be 5,000 stone, or 35 tons 14 1-10th cwts.;
and add to this 500 tons of turnips, being the produce
practised, no: the best mode of obtaining the greatest
of 25 acres, at 20 tons per acre, which is by no means
above a fair average crop. Upcn these data, the weight
of materials produced annually for manure under the
old and new systems will be as follows :
Stones. Tons. Cwt.
" Old system Straw . . 6,000 42 15+
New system Straw ... 6,000" 42 151
Hay 5,000 35 14 1-10
Turnips 70,000 500
" Thus making the weight of materials to be con-
verted into manure under the new system, in round
numbers, 577 tons; while under the old system the
quantity is only 42 tons, leaving a balance in favour of
the new system of 533 tons per annum, being more than
twelve times the whole quantity produced under the
old. Nothing more is necessary to show the superiority
of the new system, in as far as keeping up the fertility
of the soil is concerned ; and upon this depends the pro-
gress of agriculture. And, as to the question of compa-
rative profit, it would be easy to show, from unques-
tionable data, that the new system is as superior to the
old in this respect as it is in the supply of manure ; but
this, we think, must be abundantly obvious to every one
who contrasts the almost imperceptible advances made in
agriculture, and in the accumulation of agricultural ca-
pital for many centuries, with the extraordinary progress
during the last seventy years, or since the new system
was introduced."—Statistical Account of the British Em-
pire, vol. L, page 563.
That is a proof in detail, not of the less and less, but
of the greater and greater productive power in agricul-
ture, or of the less and less cost of production as the de-
mand has increased. To illustrate the same fact in a much
more general way, we will mention that the population
of Great Britain was estimated in King William's reign
at 7,200,000, and the whole annual produce of the land
was estimated at 32,482,6301. In peorge lll.'s reign
Arthur Young states the populatisn at 9,350,000, and
the whole annual produce at 72,826,8271. Thus while
the population had increased two-ninths, or less than a
quarter, the agricultural produce had very nearly
doubled. There is no reason to believe that more persons
were engaged in agriculture at the latter period than at
the former ; on the contrary, the presumption is the
other way, and the increase in the amount of wealth,
therefore, shows the increased productive power of the
people, or of what is called fertility of the soil.
We apprehend the same process is still going on. The
population of Great Britain, according to the census of
1831, was 16,265,865. Mr. M'Culloch, writing in 1837,
estimates the value of the agricultural produce at
145,855,000/. By this statement it appears, that while
the population has increased only as 7 to 16, agricultural
produces has increased as 14 to 145, or tenfold. We
know that, in modern times, there has been a gradual
decrease of the number of hands engaged in agriculture,
whence it follows that, instead of the labour becoming
less and less productive as the population has increased,
which constitutes the demand for agricultural produce, it
has been more and more productive, or the soil has be-
come more and more fertile, or the cost of agricultural
produce has become, like the cost of manufacturing pro-
duce, less and less.
We shall, perhaps,' resume the subject.

TUE WEATHER.—NooN, AUGUST 3.
ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET.
Barometer
Thermometer... 69 Highest 69 / Lowest ... b6
Wind W.—Freezing Point 32 Deg.

THE WHEAT CROP IN AMERICA.
The following is the report of the appearance of the
wheat crops in Michigan, Western New York, Virginia,
and part of Maryland :
" The Detroit (Michigan) Advertiser gives a most en-
couraging account of the wheat crop. The simple fact
that the crop looks poorly in two or three counties in
New York, will not materially affect the supply. The
increase of the product since last year in the counties
within thirty miles of Detroit is greater, we are sure,
than will be the deficiency in Western New York. And
in the State of Michigan there will be an increase, over
last year's product, of more than the entire product of the
Genesee Valley, for the crops in Michigan seldom looked
better. Although there has not been a great deal of
rain, there has been enough to give sufficient vigour to
our great staple. If there has been a deficiency else-
where, the world need not be alarmed. It can fall back
upon the prolific Peninsula, which (the Advertiser says)
can furnish a worse currency and a better wheat than
any other state in the Union.
" The Buffalo (Western New York) Commercial says,
speaking of the remarks of the correspondent of the New
York Express, writing from Canandaigua, under date
of June 22, that the wheat crop of 1841 will be less by
six millions of bushels in the State of New York than it
was in 1839, being less than one half a crop. 'We think
it so great an error, that we cannot but regard it as a
mis-statement designed for effect.' It adds, that unless
some great calamity shall befal the grain now standing,
before it shall be harvested, there must be a large surplus
in the country, and the market price cannot rule above
the value of wheat and flour to ship.to Europe.
" The crops on Long Island, so far as we can ascer-
tain, are all flourishing. The corn looks exceedingly
well. Wheat and rye are very forward, and give pros-
pect of a good crop.
"The Richmond Inquirer of the Ist of July says :
—ln several parts of Virginia the prospects were
very promising—but we understand the late heavy
rams, falling at the very moment when the
latter wheat was ripening, and the harvest for
the forward was coming on, will seriously in-
jure it. The rust has appeared, and is doing much in-
jury ; but it is impossible for us, from the information
before us, to estimate the degree of loss which will be
sustained. We do not understand that any price has yet
been fixed for wheat—but it promises to command a good
price. The corn, which has been kept back by the late
spring, is now rapidly improving.
" The region of the country in the vicinity of Martins-
burg (V.) was visited on Friday last with a very heavy
rain ; on Monday and Tuesday we had also plenty of
rain, which has been highly beneficial to the corn and
potatoes. The wheat crop, we believe, will be a fair
average, should there be not too much rain between this
time and harvest. Our farmers say the wheat only wants
sunshine now. The adjoining counties of Maryland
have also been visited with several refreshing rains lately,
and we learn their prospects for a good crop are quite
flattering."
The accounts brought by the Britannia are favourable
upon the whole, though the prices of wheat and flour
continued high, and though there were some partial
failure of the crops in particular districts.

THE PULPIT DRUM ECCLE-

SIASTIC.

We perceive that the Rev. Fielding Ould has been
glorying in the successful political preaching of the
Liverpool clergy, before Mr. Edward Litton's Orange
constituents, at Coleraine. The Rev. Gentleman seems
to have blown his own trumpet with great vigour and
complacency ; so much so, indeed, as to draw a slight
remonstrance from the editor of the Mail against these
and other attempts to monopolise all the glory for the
clergy, and to leave none for the press.
In order to show the sort of feeling which the clergy
of Liverpool are endeavouring to excite amongst the
working classes in this town, we copy the following ac-
count of a meeting at which the Rev. Peter Brown,
curate of Christ Church, presided, from the Mail of
Tuesday :
OPERATIVE PROTESTANT ASSOCIATION.—The half-
yearly meeting of the Vauxhall branch of this excellent
Association was held at the Burlington-bridge school-
room, on Tuesday evening last. The Rev. Peter Browne,
curate of Christ Church, presided, and opened the meet-
ing with an eloquent speech, in the course of which he
alluded to the gratifying results of the recent elections in
England, Ireland, and Scotland, and called for an in-
crease of Protestant exertion, in order that the triumph
now achieved might not speedily relax. Mr. Evanson,
late of Cork, proposed the first resolution, to the effect
that the present state of Ireland exhibited the evil work-
ing of Dens' Theology. Mr. Evanson alluded pointedly
to the murders and outrages committed upon the Pro-
testant clergy and others of the sister country, and at-
tributed all the demoralizing practices of the Irish
people to the baneful effects of Popery. Mr. Greene,
an operative, seconded the first resolution, and said
the time had now arrived when it became the duty
of the several Protestant Associations to call upon
Sir Robert Peel to repeal the Catholic Emancipation
Act, which, in the memorable year of 1829, he was
mainly instrumental in having passed. Mr. Parsonage
proposed the second resolution, to the effect that Popery
being founded on a system of blasphemy as regards
God, and degrading to man in his moral and spiritual
character, the Protestant body at large were called upon
to stand up and to protest against it. Mr. Leeming se-
conded the motion. Both the resolutions were unani-
mously adopted. The Chairman then wound up the
meeting by delivering a suitable peroration ; after which
several new members were 'enrolled, and the meeting
closed with singing and prayer. Previous to the de-
parture of the assemblage, the three watchwords of the
Society—namely, " Scriptural Education," " Church
Extension," and " The Repeal of the Popish Emancipa-
tion Bill," were given and heartily responded to.—Liver-
pool Times.

On Friday afternoon, the first stone of ten alms-
houses, for the Worshipful Company of Carpenters, was
laid at Twickenham, by the Master of the Company, as-
sisted by the architect, Yeacock, Esq., and Mr. Hicks,
the builder. _

-- -----
FRANCIS BAILEY, Esq., F.R.S.—We are de-
lighted to hear that Mr. Bailey, so well known in the
literary world, has recovered from the severe injuries he
received six weeks ago by being run over by a horse
belonging to this establishment. On the 21st of June
it will be remembered he was thrown down and ridden
over in consequence of the rider losing all.command of
the horse, and was conveyed to Charing-cross Hospital,
where he remained several weeks, attended by the sur-
gical and medical officers of that establishment, when,
being pronounced convalescent, he was removed to his
house at Tavistock-square on the 11th of July. On
Monday Mr. Bailey's carriage drove up to the hospital,
and he came into the board-room to return thanks to the
governors and officers for the great care and kindness
with which he had been treated in that charitable insti-
tution ; and at the same time, with a grateful yet truly
liberal and humane feeling, he presented to the trea-
surer of the hospital a cheque on the bank of Sir
Charles Price and Co. for 100 guineas, and one of ten
guineas from his sister, Miss Bailey ; and we believe he
also made some handsome presents to those who were
specially in attendance upon him during his confinement
at the hospital.
A COOL PLACE !—The New York Express
says, " The thermometer, in a cool place, yesterday
stood at 92k at half-past one." This fool place must
have been rather warm.

SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS.
At a recent meetinc, of tl • r ris Academy of Sciences,
1C a
M. Mageadie gave a further explatiationof the experi-
ments which had been commenced ten years ago, and
were not even yet terminated, respecting gelatine. In
the first series it was attempted to feed dogs entirely,.on
gelatine without any other nutriment whatever ; it was
given either dry or in jelly. Several dogs would not
touch it at all, others ate it for a few days, and then re-
jected it ; all, however, died of starvation under the sys-
tem. The next series of experiments consis 0.1. in giving
gelatine made agreeab e t ) the taste; and
.in particular, it
was given in the form such as it is found in the shops of
the charcutiers, a form in which it is much sought after.
The dogs to whom this substance was given as their
exclusive aliment ate it in general with much
avidity for a few days ; then they refused it
altogether, and all lied of starvation within three
weeks. In a third series several dogs were subjected, some
to complete abstirfence, and• others to pure water for
their sole nourishinent. Undei this system the young
dogs generally died directly, some not survivin 'forty-
eight hours ; of the older dogs, those which had nothing
at all given them died in just the same time as those
which had been forced to live on gelatine alone ; whereas
those which took water lived from six to ten days longer.
The fourth series consisted of alimentary substances,
such as bread,
*eggs, &c., mixed with the gelatine and
given to dogs. Some of the animals who had as much
as a pound English of gelatine, thus administered daily,
•
lived eighty or ninety days ; but all grew thin, and ulti-
mately perished. If, while one of the animals was ill,
fresh meat was given it, an amelioration took place im-
mediately. The fifth series of experiments was that of
giving to the dogs the bouillon a la gelatine, prepared
for the patients in the Hospital St. Louis and
the bouillon of the Compagnie Hollandaise. An animal
fed on the former substance exclusively was well for
fifty-six days, but • got very thin ; at the end
of that time the latter substance was administered and
the animal got fat directly. Another animal, fed from
the first on the second substance, became very fat on it, but
on the 56th day, the first kind of bouillon was substituted
for the second, and he became thin almost directly. In
a sixth series of experiments dogs were fed on bones,
from which the calcareous salts bad been extracted by
muria.tic acid. Some beef bones thus treated were to-
tally refused by the dogs ; and, in the end, they alto-
gether refused mutton bones on which they had at first
fed, and died of starvation. A seventh series consisted
of the administering beef tendons and pure water, allow-
ing the dog to eat as much as it liked. The first day the
animal ate 31bs. of tendons, but at:last became affected
with diarrhoea, and it was only restored by having bones
mixed with the food. The further reading of the report
was then again adjourned. The committee.on arsenical
intoxication informed the Academy that they consi-
dered their report (already given) as complete, and
the discussion closed. M. Arago read a letter from
Ile Savary, in the Indre, stating that the recent
shocks of earthquake were felt sharply there, and
that a clock, which had 'not gone since May, 1840,
had its pendulum set in motion by the vibra-
tions, and continued to go. At the Observatory of Paris
the pendulums were not at all affected. A communica-
tion was made to the Academy from M. Janniar, an ar-
chitect, on the condition of the stability of the Column
of July, which he considered not sufficiently solid.
M. Polonceau sent in a memoir on a new mode of paving
for Paris, consisting of artificial stones made of clay,
sand, and pulverised- charcoal. The mixture stood heat
well, and became vitrified ; :it also dried without crack-
ing. The stones were made in a hexagonal form, and
could be put down or taken lip one by one. Government
had given leave for an experiment to be made of this
system in one of the streets of the capital. A paper was
read by M. Seguier on the means of diminishing the
danger of explosion in steam-boilers. He recommended
a series of numerous small tubes, not more than six
inches diameter, instead of large boilers,—since by this
method the explosive force might be reduced to 1-17th
part of its intensity.

THE LATE DR. KING.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

your report of the inquest held on the body
of Dr. Richard King, it is stated, " that the Jury
desired to have the evidence of Dr. Randall, or Mr.
Hunter, and both gentlemen were sent for, but it was as-
certained that they, with; the other examiners of Apo-
thecaries' Hall, were dining at Blackwall." Were this
statement correct it would imply an utter want of feel-
ing and respect towards an estimably individual who was
endeared as a friend and a Christian to all who knew
him. The fact is that the annual dinner of the Court of
Examiners was fixed for that very day ; but so soon as
the melancholy event became known, a special message
was sent to postpone it, and the Court assembled in the
evening of the same day for the express purpose of con-
sidering how. they might testify their respect to the
memory of their deceased colleague.
We may add that the body was examined on the fol-
lowing day by Mr. Hilton, one of the Lecnirers on Ana-
tomy at Guy's Hospital, in the prasence of the Chair-
man of the Court, Mr. Hunter, and Mr. Randall, and the
result confirmed the opinion previously given, that the
death was occasioned by disease of the heart.

Your obedient servants,
JOHN HUNTER, Minting-lane,
ALFRED M. RANDALL, Finsbury square.
August 22, 1841.

THE FETE OF NAPOLEON AT
BOULOGNE.

We present to the public this day the programme of
the Fete of the 15th of August. It will be seen that, so
far as the procession is concerned, it will be military, in
every sense of the word, and as such splendid. So far as
we have heard detailed the intention of raising trophies,
banners, obelisks, garlands, scucheons, and triumphal
arches along the line of procession, that is, along the
port, Rue de l'Ecu, Grande►Rue, Porte des Dunes, Mar-
che au Ble, Place d'Armes, Rue de Lille, and the Calais
road,—the whole of these streets will display a gallant,
gay, and enlivening appearance. The Committee have
embarked heartily in the cause, and are determined to-
make it what it ought to be, the splendid finale of the
Grand Army on the heights of Boulogne. As we stated
last week, the Minister of Marine has ordered five vessels
of war to be present on the occasion.. The programme
proves the orders of Marshal Soult, who although, from

his numerous occupations and the peculiar positi(7n which,
he occupies in the Cabinet, he cannot attend himself, still
has ordered an old aide-de-camp of Napoleon, General
Corbineau, to be present and preside at the ceremony.
The General no sooner received this order than he placed
at the command of our Mayor the bands of the 14th Light
Infantry and of the Ist regiment of Engineers stationed
at Arras, of the 27th at Calais, and of the 40th at Dun-
kirk, with such detachments from each as should be
deemed necessary, and also as many Cuirassiers, Hussars,
and Dragoons as requisite. He has also issued orders
that all the Colonels and Lieutenant-Colonels of his divi-
sion should be in Boulogne on the 15th, and it is believed
that two batteries of the Artillery, a detachment of Ca-
rabineers, and the band of the 2d regiment of Lancers,

the most complete in France, will be also present. To
these add the Parisian Mounted National Guard, the
National Guards of Dunkirk, Calais. St. Omer. Abbe-
ville, Arras, and Montreiul, with the National Guard of
the town and the troops of the line already here, and we
think sufficient is stated to give an idea of the brilliant
Fete, in a military point of view, that awaits us.
His Eminence the Cardinal Bishop of Arras, who
officiated at the Ceremony of the Institution of the
Legion of Honour, and at the laying the foundation stone
of the Column, has received the express orders of the
King to be present also on this occasion, and has written
to say that he shall attend with the greatest pleasure.
The fete will commence on Friday, the 13th, by
races, at one o'clock, that of the Hurdles for 500 fr.
The Departmental prize of 500 fr., and that of the Mi-
nister of Commerce for 2,500 fr. _

At eight o'clock a grand concert will be given by the
Philharmonic Society, at which all the eelebrated singers
who will then honour Boulogne with their company will
attend.

SATURDAY, THE 14TH.
Repose till seven o'clock in the evening, when the ves-
sels in the harbour, and in the offing, the batteries on the
"coast, &c., will fire a salute of 21 guns, and the church
bells will ring a merry peal to denote the eve of the Fete.
An extraordinary display of talent, at the Theatre, of
performers from Paris, with singing, &c., peculiar for the
occasion, will conclude the evening.

SUNDAY, ISTH.
1. At seven in the morning salvos of artillery and
ringing of bells as on the previous evening.
2. At nine o'clock the third exposition of pictures by
modern artists, will be thrown open to the public.
3. At twelve o'clock, the Civil and Military Authori-
ties will assemble at the Etablissement. The port on each
side of the road will be occupied by the detachments
of National Guards from the various towns, by those
of the town, the troops of the line in Boulogne and
those ordered here from the various garrison towns,
the Corps of the Woods and Forests, the Marine,
the Custom-house, and the Gendarmes. These will all
occupy the position most suitable to their falling in with-
out confusion into that portion of the procession in which
they are to form a part.
At half-past twelve the procession will move off in the
following order :
_

Gendarmes.
Band of music.
Cavalry.
Trumpets and Standard.
Cavalry.
Artillery.
Ist Battalion of the National Guard of Boulogne,
headed by their Colonel, followed by the various de-
putations of the National Guard from all the towns
Each deputation preceded by its own band of music.
Ist Section of the Artillery of the National Guard of
Boulogne.
One hundred banners of the various parishes of this
arrondissement.

Band of music.
Engineers.
Band of music.
Infantry of the Line.
Band of music.

A company of seamen of the Imperial Guard.
A company of seamen of the vicinity of Boulogne
who have been decorated with the Legion of Honour.
Old officers of the army in active service and on half-
a p Gentlemen decorated with the Order of the Legion of
Honour.

THE CAR.
The President of the Ceremonial and his staff.
The civil and military authorities in the order of pre-
cedence.
Band of music. Drums.
Deputations of National Custom-house officers.
Guards. Cavalry of the line.
Band of music. Band of music.

Infantry of the line.
Artillery of the line.
Drums.

Cavalry.
Trumpeter and Mounted
Boulogne National Grd.

2d Battalion of the Boulogne Gendarmes.
- -

National Guard.

Such is the procession that will pass through the town,
along the Calais road, the fort of the Moulin-a-l'Huile,
and thence to the Column. In the space surrounding the
Column, within the enclosure, the whole of this procession
will be marshalled, and such other persons whose influence
will be sufficiently powerful to obtain tickets. The public
in general will be ranged on each side of the road leading
from fort Moulin a-l'Huile to the Column. While thus
assembled an ode composed for the occasion, and set to
music, will be sung, the troops reviewed, various military
evolutions passed through, and finally the statue unveiled,
The artillery on the glacis of the fort of the Moulin-a-
l'Huile will instantly fire a salute of 21 guns, the ships
of war off the coast and in the harbour, and all the bat-
teries along the coast will respond in a similar salute.
The procession will return in the same order, but in-
stead of passing through the upper town it will turn to
the right down the road of the Abreuvoir, • Rues Notre-
Dame, Duterfte, Wissocq, Siblequin, and Neuve-Chaus-
k4.4 to the church of St. Nicholas, where a grand Te
Deem, &c., will be sung at which his Eminence the Car-
dinal Bishop of .Arras will officiate.
At six o clock, the Theatre will be opened to per-
formances of a mere attractive character than are gene-
rally represented, and in which Parisian actors will play
the principal characters.
Seven o'clock, thunders of artillery from the ships of
war and batteries will again awaken attention, and call
the crowds together for
Fire works prepared by the celebrated Ruggieri,
which at nine o'clock will illuminate the liarbour where
they are to be displayed, and where every vessel during
the day will be decorated with flags, streamers, &c.
The whole town will be illuminated.

Such is the outline of the intended ceremony of
the I,sth of August 1841, a ceremony devised to illus-
trate the last act of the completion of a coluMn erected
to commemorate the assembly of an army that performed
deeds of valour imperishable as the History that has re-
corded them, and of the institution of an order of merit
that prompted daring souls to achieve the immortality
which has twined its laurels round the brow of the chief
who knew how to make use of man and stimulate him to
glory. Whether glory acquired at the cannon's mouth,
by the destruction of the human species, by the ruin of
thousands and the desolation of kingdoms is worthy
of ambition, it would be idle to pause to discuss ; but
in a country like this, inflammable as their brandy, in-
deed on fire at the idea of a match, it is questionble
whether all this military spectacle is politic ; men's brains,
however, run upon it, and the wise, at present, as in all
past ages, have been and will be led away by fools and
shallow minds. Still the peaceable, and all disposed for
rational and innocent amusement will find wherewith to
be gratified during the fetes, and particularly on the fo'
lowing days ;