The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-01 00:00:00

j

LONDON:
THURSDAY, JULY 1, 1841

glory to the British arms, but still they must •
have affected the peaceful occupations of industry.
With regard to Egypt, the attention of that country,
too, had been divert ed to war. Let us extend our views
to China. Our peaceful relations with China have been
interrupted, and of course the demand for British manu-
factures in some degree affected. Look at the state of
Europe. France had directed her attention to an
enormous military preparation. Look at the state of
disquiet and alarm throughout Europe. Instead of
the countries devoting their means to the multipli-
cation of capital, or the purposes of useful industry, all
have been seen engaged in levying great armies. These
things cannot take place without discouraging industry. Put
them all together: do not consider them separately. Consi-
der the combined operations of the undue stimulus, in
my opinion, given to manufactured produce in this
country, the state of South America, the condition of the
United States of Canada, of the Peninsula, of Europe,
of Syria, Egypt, and China—put all these causes together,
aach to a certain extent restricting the market for your
goods ; combine with them, as you can of late, the
effects of two or three deficient harvests, and then an-
swer me these questions—ls it not probable that the
combined operation of these causes may be sufficient to
account for that manufacturing debility, and that depre-
ciation of manufacturing industry which at present
exists ? and are we, therefore, called on to make the pro-
posed alteration in the Corn-laws of this country, and to
substitute a fixed duty for the graduated scale ?"
It is not our intention on the present occasion
to dispute the correctness of these views, though
it appears strange to us how the stimulus for
manufactured productions—the very thing now
required—can be a cause of distress. It appears
to us, also, very strange how the events in Syria
and the arming of Europe, which began only in
the summer of last year, could have had the
smallest influence on that great distress which
prevailed then and the year before, as well as
this year. Moreover, it is to us passing strange
how the bygone events of Canada could have
any influence on our present distress, seeing that
already this year the trade to Canada, accord-
ing to the following statement, which we copy
from a New York paper of the 10th instant, has
much improved :

The Overland Mail. from India has arrived,
bringing general, but not very important news
from Canton, Bombay, Calcutta, the Scinde,
Alexandria, Constantinople, Candia, and Malta,
a complete summary of which will be found in
another part of The Sun.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF ARRIVALS AT THE PORT
OF QUEBEC IN 1840 AND 1841.

Vessels. Tons. Passengers.
1841—May 30th 496 175,794 11,365
1840—May 30th 307 107,370 6,598

Plus this year

68,424

4,767

But, we repeat, that we do not at present dis-
pute the correctness of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S ar-
guments—we only insist on the fact, that he has
made up his mind—that he has convinced him-
self, by his own elaborate reasoning, that the
Corn-laws are not connected with manufacturing
distress—that he is wedded to the present system
of robbery, which he calls protection, and that
his accession to office will ensure the continu-
ance, as far as the power of the Goverturnt can
ensure it, which, we thank GOD, is not omnipo-
potent, of the present system of Corn-laws. Nay,
there is good reason to believe that he will—and
an abundant harvest, with falling prices may
speedily give him some
alteration— reason for making the
1.11:se the sliding scale, and increase
protection which he has declared not to be
sufficient. Now, the result of the elections, so
far as they have gone, ensures the return to
office of Sir ROBERT PEEL, and ensures, there-
fore—horrible as may be the fact to contem-
plate—the continuance of the starvation laws.

The plundered slaves of the manufacturing dis-
tricts may, therefore, prepare to lie down and
die. The Tories, headed by Sir ROBERT
PEEL, declare, that they shall be perennially'
starved down to the home means of sup-
ply. For the starving hand-loom weavers,
—for the suffering workmen of Rochdale,
Preston, Manchester, Bolton, and Glasgow,
there is no longer any hope. In their
uttermost distress they have put up their prayers
for relief, and the luxurious and opulent electors
of London and Westminster, and a number of
other places, have already decided they shall
have none. Decaying manufacturers, whose mills
are fast becoming valueless, must henceforth
despair. They have laboured on in the hope of
obtaining more righteous laws; a corrupt elec-
toral body, under the influence of the owners of
rent, dooms them still to be the victims of in-
justice. While they have yet any thing to save they
may gather it up and flee with it into other lands,
from a community which denies them justice,
and proclaims, by its most favoured organs, that
Britain would be equally happy, equally wealthy,
awl equally great, were their energy, enterprise,
and unrivalled skill engulphed in the sea. The
rich manufacturers, the men with some capital,
may escape) and plant their looms and mighty
englues in some land where trade is free and
the Legislature honest; but for the poor and in-
dustrious artisans, with their wives and families,
there will be nothing but starvation and death.
One alternative offers itself, which the dauntless
resolution inspired by despair may prompt men
to embrace, but that alternative it becomes not
us to speak of, much less to counsel.

We regret to state that, following the had ex-
ample of the City, Westminster, once the pride
of Liberalism, has returned one Tory and one
Radical. Like the City, :it is neutralized, and
will go fbr nothing in the great contest which is
impending. Looking at the returns from several
small boroughs, knowing that the losses of the
Whig party in the counties must be consider-
able, we fear that the majority, however small
i:s the next House of Commons, will be pledged
to monopoly. We tremble while we write it.
But the elections indicate that the Legislature
is to be based, constructed, and constituted on
robhery and wrong. A house built on a quick-
sand is not more certain to perish than such a
Legislature,- and all which depends on it.
Alrerldfi the Tory Journals, have hailed Sir
R08L7.12 PEEL Prime Minister. Already he is
praked.as the cautious and'vareful leader who
has led the combined army of' the sinister inte-
rests to a sure victory. Already the monopolists
exult in their triumphs, and prepare the people
to submit patiently to their iron yoke. Already
the vultures of plunder, never satiated, snuff, as
close at hand, a larger and a fresher prey, aDd
sharpen their beaks and claws, the better 'co tear
out the entrails of industry.
Sir ROBERT PEEL has been reproached with
not speaking oat and explaining his ftiture policy ;
we think unjustly. At least on that vital question,
the Cora-laws, he has overnud over again declared
his opinion very explicitly. He has opposed the
plan of a fixed duty, and has strenuously advo-
cated the sliding scale. He has more than once
pronounced a strong and decided opinion in fa-
vour of protection, and is, theeefore, resolutely
oppdsel to the total repeal. He has at the
smile time said, that he would not pledge him-
pelf to the details of the sliding scale. On snak-
ing his latest oration at Tamworth he repeated
all these opinions, and at the same time expli-
citly said, that be did not think the Ss. fixed
duty protection enough. On the same occasion
he quoted Mr. M'Cum.ocn's pamphlet, in which
it is proved that the present sliding scale has
afforded only a protective duty of ss. It is plain,
therefore, that the consideration which Sir Ro-
BEET PEEL proposes to give the sliding scale is
to enhance it, or increase under it, the protec-
tion which the landowners now receive. That
we may do him no injustice we will quote a
passae from his speech, delivered at Tamworth,
on Monday
I: must repeat to you here the opinion which I have
declared heretofore, which I have declared to you
and also in the Commons House of Parliament, that I
cannot consent to substitute a fixed duty of Bs. per quar-
ter for the present ascending and descending eeate.—
(Cheers.) I prefer the principle of the Ascending and
descending scale, and I do not consider, when I look to
the burdens which land in this country is subjected to,
that a fiacd duty of eight shillings per quarter on eoeit
brought. here from Poland and the north of lieteptwill
afford a sufficient protection to the laxel of this country.
After delivering this opinion, Sir R. PEEL went
r).l to make observations on " the true causes of
lett7ulfacturing distress," and upon the " ABSENCE
OF ANY CONNECTION BETWEEN THAT nistunte,
AND THE CORN-LAWS," which, says the Times)
whose words we copy, " are so Convincing, so
well-timed, and so important,
causes
• • ;'eat we cannot
bring them too
3 forward." The
of manufactu
distresig;, actoMing to Sir
R. PEEL, are--,
An undue- ,
vttptarnataus given to manufactured produc-
joint-stock banks in ciL fictitious nature. Ido fear that the
extended their aceneLmainncdashire and Yorkshire have ex-
cases, and it is the connection
too rapidly in many
the builder of cotton manufactories,between the manufacturer,
banker, that has led to annnd and the joint-stock
tured productions. believe undue stimulus for mantfft!c-
within the last two years have beenat our manufactories
to supply the natural and ordinary than sufficient
consider to be one of causes of theYtemand. This, I
commercial distress at prepsent existing manufacturingu and
state of various countries in the world,many
look at the
consumers of our manufactured articles, LooYl%ftw:!e•
of some of the great countries in South Arneri--.ees state
at the operation, in the first place, of the ! ca% Look
sions in that quarter during the - &eternal
been speaking. The ports voikekt t ht.ve
blockaded by France.-, .
itte Pc4l4'cmtll Areictit6" byen.
still further se.: ~n; have bototse6c6l :
vilititif+
on accol:,.t of the ihterrUoieikin ilke tiedb 'Of those and
there has been it in the supply of
un-
sent from this t.6ifiaty. Now let us turn our attenti goods
to the kiOtt:hei`n world, and in that great and importantn
vlaurter of the globe, one of the best consumers of our
manufactured produce, let us direct our eyes to the
United States. The United States are labouring under
severe commercial distress. The same system of
fictitious credit has been pursued there as here. The
issue of paper and the multiplicity of banks have led
to severe commercial distress in that country. Nume-
rous failures have occurred, industry has been paralysed,
and the demand for the manufactured articles of Eng-
land in the United States has, in consequence, become
less. Next, look at the state of the Canadas. I trust
that peace is restored there ; but there could not be civil
war in that country, and parties ranged against each
other, without' interrupting the course of regular in-
dustry, and affecting the demand for the manufactures
of England. I now come to Europe. Look at the
Peninsula—look at the skate of Spain and Portu-
gal. They, too, have been convulsed of late by in-
testine. disorders. Let us next turn our eyes to the
Mediterranean, and to the coast .of - Syria. Therd
hostile (Tendons have been conducted with t
grea

It was officially declared yesterday that the
election fur the City of London had fallen on
Mr. MASTERMAN, Sir MATTHEW WOOD, Mr.
LYALL, and Lord JOHN RUSSELL, the first and
the third being Tories, the second and the fourth
Liberals. The contest was most severe and close.
The highest man on the poll, Mr. MASTERMAN,
had only 322 above the lowest, Mr. Alderman
PIRIE, while between Lord JOHN RUSSELL, who
stood the lowest of those elected, and Mr. WOL-
VERLEY ATTWOOD, the highest of the rejected,
there was only a difference of nine votes. The
City is like the empire at large, so equally divided
between light and darkness that neither of the
two parties can boast of a great preponderance.
We need not recommend Lord JOHN Rus-
SELL'S short but spirited speech to the attention
of our readers. Like all his speeches, it is distin-
guished by boldness, straightforwardness, and
energy. We must, however, question passages
which sets the example of London hi a more fa-
vourable light than we yesterday placed it in,
and we must express our willingness to believe,
on his authority, that his election by so nume-
rous a constituency, will be a knell of dismay to
those protected interoStO which have thought
themselves safe in th„.-.-I,.strenvh,

In another part of The Si AVM be found some
report of a publiC dinner given at Editibtirgh
to Mr. CttAni,Es ii)Wxtits§, novelist.
ProPessor Wii.'s4Or•-=-Ile who is always among the
lira wia out a fostering hand to geniagy and
to see that it gets fair play-=pitt'Altied do the oc-
casion, and complitftented ilr. bicitis.;§ with a
heartiness that, coming. i'rOni .4.01 a Man, must
have beeti litiolpitSgibly gratifying to him. Mr.
DieRENS' reply was manly and pertinent, and
exhibited the same unerring tact and soUnil
healthy sense that distinguish all his productions.
We have long been among the ardenCadmirers,
though not the flatterers, of Mr. DICKENS; we
have watched his career with interest, and feel a
strong conviction that whatever he may yet have
done, he has yet more to do, before he has rally
developed the mingled powers of wit, humour,
fancy, and feeling, with wilier he is abundantly
Stored.

f 0 with great pleasure that Mr. W. ADA.ms.
..;3tITEt is announced as the Liberal CahilMate fir bkidl
ley, against Capt. Iliwata. The Dudley Reformers
mrq be. assured that they have selected the right man ;
ma we trust that the electors of that bprough t:tt
Ne ilOte example vr theili-17:1sa11 neighbOurs,byside-
C*--qsue oici Tory mis-representative of Dudley. If
the constituency can resist the Parson and Intimidation
influences, the return of Air. *lli be Cahill We
understand that the borough is contested also with a
view to an ultimate inquiry in a Committee ,of the Souse
of Commons.

We have received by express from Paris the Af--slAileur
of yesterday, from which we copy tho !Wowing tele-
graphic despatches :
"HA Youxx, JUNE 29.—1 n the sitting of the 25th the
Committee of the Senate proposed that the guardianship
should be declared vacant by a majority of 3 votes to 2."
meTOnhtuerwmaadsoaviltiickereslytoobtain an
from llladridof
adtheva23dnee state,
,rOOOO
t the Govern-
of reals
from the capitalists on the mortgage of the proceeds of the
salt monopoly.
puce establishment would, it was expected, be
fixed at 100,000 men.

Our Paris correspondence of Tuesday shows us that
some sensation has been produced in the French metro-
polis by the uwAual manner in which it is said the forti-
fications are non beijig eondUcted. It was understood,.
nominally that is to 6ziy, 'by the Chamber of Deputies,'
that the works of thi continuous tide of wall with OW

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, JULY L 1` 41.

ditch, &c., should be carried on simultaneously with
those of the detached forts,—the Bastiles, as they have
been more properly called. Nobody, however, who
had any insight into the designs of the Court, or knew
the slippery character of Louis PHILIPPE'S tortuous po.
Hey, was mistaken as to the anxiety of the Kula to get
the law of the fortifications voted ; every one knew that
the detached fort system was a favourite scheme of the
KING; and many apprehended what has since been shown
to be the case, that the forts would be constructed ra-
pidly, and with much care, while the continuous
line would be left to get on as it could : in other
words, that the fortifications against the Parisians
would be terminated much sooner, and would be
much stronger than those against the imaginary enemy.
This turns out to be exactly the case ; the forts are
rising rapidly : one or two of them commanding the
more turbulent parts of the capital will be ready for ser-
vice in two or three months, whereas the continuous
wall will not be worthy of that name for two or three
years. The Parisians are beginning to find themselves
entrapped, but the horse will find that he has got a rider
on his back too late. LOUIS PHILIPPE with his forts
will keep firm on his back, and though the National, as
we see, recommends that the inhabitants should not pay
the taxes if they find them diverted in this manner from
their legitimate object, there is no doubt that the Govern-
ment has obtained, and will daily receive, fresh acces-
sions of physical, if not moral, force, from every shovel-
full of earth heaped on to the bastions of the new bastiles.
The project, already commenced, of refortifying the
Chateau of Vincennes, seems to have disturbed the equa-
nimity of several of our Parisian contemporaries.
The measures taken by Marshal Soma' of sending
General BouuJoLLy to Lisle under arrest, has elicited
criticisms from most of the organs of the public press.
It is commonly looked on as a hasty, injudicious step—
the only fault of which Marshal SOULT could ostensibly
complain being that the General, not content with ad-
dressing a remonstrance to him, had communicated it to
several journals, and thus had appealed to public opinion
in his quarrel with his superior officer. The expression
Les bayonnettes intelligentes turns out to be the pendant
of the Charte-verite. The Marshal sees no reason why
he should,stick at trifles when the " Grand Escamoteur"
has played off his tricks so successfully, and has cajoled
with such signal impunity, the credulity of the French
public.
A rumour is current in Paris, and it is not devoid of
probability, that the Great Powers of Europe—England,
Russia, Austria, and Prussia--that is to say, to the
exclusion of France, are deliberating on the measures
they shall adopt in case of certain eventualities, which
are not impossible coming to pass in the East. Not that
apprehensions are entertained of any opposition. from
MEHEMET ALI to the settlement now effected by the
Conference of London ; but if, which has happened
more than once, a sudden domestic revolution should
occur at Constantinople ; if the young SULTAN should
suddenly die, by poison or other causes not unknown to the
annalists of the Seraglio, or if the present disorganization
of the European and Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman
Empire should increase rather than diminish :—in any
of these circurrilltancas the Great Powers might be
forced, in order to preserve the peace of the world, to in-
terfere on an extensive scale, and perhaps to make a
complete resettlement of the States in that part of
Europe. Without their ideas extending to a partition
of the Ottoman Empire, they are believed to be occupied
in making amicable arrangements beforehand for the
relative parts they shall play in this great political
drama ; and they are said to be agreed on one point—to
let France have as little to do with the matter as possible.
One division of the Toulon fleet, under Captain
LERAY, has sailed, nominally for Tunis. The Toulon
Papers insinuate that after a cruise off that part of the
African coast these vessels will sail to the west, and will
help in effecting changes of regiments between Algiers
and France.- - This is highly improbable ; persons in
well informed quarters consider the sailing of the fleet in
two divisions (the other is under Admiral DE LASSUSSE)
to the south, to have been ordered with the idea of not
awakening too much suspicion • and that the divisions
will ultimately join either off dandia, or somewhere in
the Archipelago.
There is said to be a division in the little Court of
Don CARLOS, at Bourges, where a party is endeavouring
to set up pretensions on the part of that Prince's eldest
son against those of his father's to the Crown of Spain,
to bring about in fact the abdication of Don CAILLOB in
his favour, thereby placing those Princes on a similar
footing to the Duke D3ANooilLtMt and the Duke de
BORDEAUX, with regard to France • the two latter, how-.
ever, being uncle and nephew, instead of father and son.
The Prince of the ASTURIAS is a man of more ability,
perhaps, than his sire, but there is not much likelihood
of anything of this kind taking place. Meanwhile, Don
CARLOS continues to exercise acts of sovereignty among
his immediate followers, and dispenses nominations and
promotions, civil, military, and ecclesiastical, just as if he
were enthroned at Madrid.

The Prince of Patsst..4. has returned from Magdeburg
to Berlin, and the Grand Duke and Duchess of INIEcu-
LttattßO STRELITZ have arrived in the same capital
from New Strelits, the fetes consequent on the marriage
of their daughter with thu Crown Print& of DENMARK
being determined. Prince BERNARD, of Solons-Braunfels,
is also among the arrivals at Berlin from Hanover. The
Danish man-of-war Christiurn VIII. was off Warne-
munde on the 19th inst., waiting to convey the Crown
Prince of DENMARK and his Consort to Cop.mhagen.
Preparations on a grand scald had Ueen made in that
capital for receiving their Royal Highnesses on the 31st,

CHINA, INDIA, EGYPT,

AND TURKEY.

The overland mail from India, announced in our impression
of yesterday to have arrived on the 28th at Marseilles, reached
us this morning by extraordinary express. The intelligence
thOleby brotight ffoOi the three Presidencies of Bombay, Ma-
dras, and Bengal dates respectively, to the 22d and the 10th
of May.
Sir Gordon Bremer was still at Calcutta on the Bth of May,
but he was compelled to leave for China, in the Queen steamer,
the moment the reinforcements sent out to him reached India.
The Madagascar steamer was also to accompany him. Coals
were required for the engines, and some apprehension as to
the means of getting them existed. The latest intelligence
from the north western provinces is dated April 17, and it
states the country around Candahar to be still in a very dis-
turbed state ; a force was to be quartered at Kelat-i-Ghiljee,
consisting of two infantry regiments, 300 horse, and 2 guns.
Major Todd had been sent back to his regiment, for having
quitted his post at Herat, whereby much embarrassment had
been occasioned to the Government.

By a letter from Girlshi:dated April 13, we learn that on
the flight of Major Todd from Herat, Woodburne's horse had
proceeded to that place to reinforce the 2d Regiment Bengal
native infantry, in case Yar Moohumnd should pay them a visit.
The fort of Kairrwa was in the possession of Capt. Minto's
force on the morning of the 4th instant. Kairrwa is situated
about twelve miles east of Nurwur. It belonged to a noted
freebooter, who, for a long time past, lived on plunder taken
from villages belonging to Sciadia.
A Bombay letter of May 22, expresses much anxiety at the
non-arrival there of Admiral Parker, who was expected out to
take the command vacated by Admiral Elliot. The apathy of
the Home Government with respect to the Chinese rupture,
and the prosecution of the war there had given rise to serious
fears that the Melbourne Ministry had gone to sleep again,
thinking the Chinamen were not disposed to go on ; they will
find their mistake, however.