The Sun.
London, England, 1824-05-07 00:00:00

SALT DUTY.

Mr. CALCRAFT asked whether it was the intention of the.
lion. Gentleman opposite to bring forward his motion relative.
to the Salt Duties that evening. . .
Mr. WODELIOUSE expressed his earnest desire to bring
it on if able to do so at a convenient hour. . It.was impossible
fypieredhimthetonkonnow
7lewihnb
eltheerr
ttohaatp,apTyu.ltdo possible,heirenon.Member for.
but he ad-
Aberdeen.
CHURCH ESTABLISHMENT IN. IRELAND.
lie was aware., 'he said, that a motion on the *abject of the
Church Establishment of Ireland would be far better managed:
in any hands.than in his ;.for his opinion& on the subject of the
Clergy were such that be did not expect the House would• go
along with him. There was not one person in that House. who
was not mote interested in the subject than he was ; yet such
was the general unwillingness to meddle with the utatter, that
he was left to proceed with it himself. In doing this lie felt
that he must draw largely upon-their patience. Ile was satis-
fied that the extent and situation of the Church Establishment
of Ireland were worse than was supposed,and lie had not spared
labour in his endeavours to make that apparent, and discover
the cause of it. He had looked into every public document,
and obtained local information by applying to those who were
on the spot. The public and. private history of Ireland .proved
that it was absolutely necessary that some alteration in the
Government of that country must take place. He had care-
fully examined the situation of every .country, and was satis.
fled that no people on the face of the globe were in so lament.
able a situation. as the people of Ireland, under the British
Government. ' They had formerly had different laws to govern
them,, but these had been placed .at the disposal of this •coun.
try, and none of ' the. nrnelioration held out at the time of the
union had been effected. Every advantage that could induce
.a . people to. accept the alternative had been promised.—
The causes which -kept up this lamentable state of things were
not limited to one, two, or three. .They were various and many.
He had beenainable.to vote for the motion of his Hon; Friend
(Mr. Maberley).the other night, because he thought it only a
palliative fora limited period to a limited district. Bad as the
security in Ireland was; whatever loans had been advanced to
that country, he conceived. they were lent with great danger to
the possessors, But what must that country think of its situa-
tion, when it was seen that our. Capitalists would advance their
money to any people on the face of the globe rather than to
_the Irish ? And was not this enough to• show that palliatives
would not do in this case, buttliat the remedy must be applied
to the root of the evil. The only ' means found- sufficient
for the tranquilization of Scotland some time agoeswhen
it was in the same . state as Ireland now is, was the grant-
ing them their religion, which- belonged- to the majority
of the peopte, and the establishment of schools of morality.
Let his Majesty's Government then place Ireland upon the
same footing, and lie would, answer for her prosperity._
There would net be an acre uncultivasSle and what did they
get by not adopting this course ? The. people of Ireland were I
not disloyal to the Goiernment, but only dissatisfied with the
Institutions under which they laboured. lie had turned the '
question in his mind over and over again, and he could not for
.the life of hirn see why the Irish should be less affected to
England than to any other country, provided they had the
full enjoyment of their liberty, civil and religious. Man was
I naturally disposed to quiet, and he had _never found an Irish-
man out of iris own country any thing but a peaceable and in-
dustrious citizen. These was plenty. of capital ready to flow
into Ireland the moment the security of quiet was provided ;
and if this was obstructed by the state of the Church Esta-
blishment,: ought they not to. aniendit ? Ile.drew an example
for this
.case from foreign countries, among which the into-
lerant ones. would be. found in the worst condition. lie had
a Hsi, of miasma and intolerant nations, and was sorry to say
that England was one of the, latter.. Spain also ..was intole-
rant, allowing nose but -Roman Catholics to fill affairs in the
t thgi Psa
i andsurely Denmarkwans not
aanmeonagn thatPle
tsotafot el ,l
oo:;.i n theTlt
eanr mthere
s wasna v yp.
ort
honourable class. . But in Atte United States of America any
martof any sect, political or religious, was eligible to office,
and the Right lion. Secretary for • Foreign Affairs would tell
them that the American Government was not wanting in acute-
nets.. Why then could not the. same latitude be extended to
the religious sects of this country ?: habeas Corpus aril Insur-
rection acts were the fruits of the system of governing Ire-
land. The 'laws formerly in force relating to the •Catholics
were good for the time, but a change olcircumstances rendered
their repeal now necessary. Fire and the sword raged frora
one end of the country to the.other. No man could go to bed
there without first seeing that his doors and windows were se-
cured as against a storming party of the enemy. And was this,
he asked, a.pmper state of things to be allowed to continue ?
-Was it at all surprising that there should .be absentees from
such a country.; for what man would, stop where his throat was
in danger every hour? Property was nothing without the en-
' jeyment of it. If Government would go the length he wished,
and were to fail, he should be the first to arm them with suffi.
dent powers to suppress . confusion. Prance, Russia, Prussia,
Westphaliasand Saxony, were tolerant states. Ireland had a
better soil and better climate, and her sons were shrewd, ho-
nest, and industrious; yet, what was her situation compared •
even with those countries ? There were obstacles he knew to
changing .the established religion. They were told . that the
King's Coronation Oath forbade him to alter the established
religion. But he could, through his Parliament, make any
alteration he pleased, and it ,was their daily practice to alter
laws which in his opinion were less deserving alteration than
this. , It was sufficient that the King, having taken an oath,
should be a sufficient obstacle to effecting a great.putilie good.
They had a rich Church, it was said ; and he had often asked
'what was meant by the word Church, without being able-to get
an answer: When they talked of an army they didnot mean the
officers only ; so when they talked of &particular church, they
meant the cengregration as well as the ministers. For what
reason was, any-particular religion established F He should like.
to see England in the same situation as the United States,
' altboughhe would not propose so far to interfere with received
opinions as toeffectsuch a change now. But whyehe would ask,
did the Government change the established religion of Ireland,
which was Catholic, to Protestant? He verily believed that it.
had been the intention of King William to establish the Ca-
tholic religion in Ireland. He founded this notion upon. that re.;
corded. expression of King William, " You are to pass an Act
in favour of that religion which is most agreeable to the people."
This intention would actually have proceeded to its operation,
.had it not been for.an accident of time.. The institutions of a
country ought to lie.foi the benefit of the many, and not of the
the few, ass? .has obviously the - case in Ireland. It was .then
time for them to come to some sound principles in morals-and
in Government as they-were disposed to, do in Commerce—
He could not but express surprise that Ireland hadendured the
evil solongs lie, however, had no wish to see .a change brought
about by violence. What he desired was, to see a system of
conciliation.acted upon to unite all classes in attachment to this ,
country, .and to hopsove the condition of those wbohad long ,
been regarded by many as aliens to civilization. If those rights
were_not conceded, which he contended 'the people of Ireland
might justly claim, peculiar privileges ought to be granted to
that.country., Measures
ought to be takento cause that.ca.pi-
tal which now lay stagnant here, to flow in the direction of
Ireland. They ought to do as they were called upon to do in
that book by which they. professed to regulate our conduct;
o they, ought to.do to others as they would be done unto." He
called upon Ministers, as Chrstians and as men, to act upon
that principle, and not to.leave 6,000,000 of their fellow-crea-
tures an that degraded state in which the people of Ireland were
now. seens and in which they must continue till some. chahge
were effected. He wished that to be done from policy, and with
kindness, which, if this advice were neglected, they might one
day be forced to do from necessity. He called upon the House
to ,look, at the effects of the present system. Formerly the
Catholics in Ireland, compared with the Protestants, were ..Is.
five to one. From this ,state of things they had gone. on iv";
a ProteetantsEstablished. Church, assisted by. every. TA
which, wealth and power could supply. There Were'
and 18
benefices in Ireland. There were four Archbishops a

BiehCps making 22 Bishops altogether. There weie.s4 'pea
cons, 180 Dignitaries, 172 Prebendaries ; in short -there.were
altogether 512' individuals connected with the Established
" Church in Ireland. Hera' was a :tart in favour of the Church.
The number of persons be had mentioned to a Protestant pa-
pulation of 500,000, Wei not small. There was, it might beeald,
',a eequent to his ten. From the latent returns it appeared the
population or Ireland. amounted to from Gto 7,000,000. ,ITalc,
mg the number to be 6,500,000, he had a right toassume that
2,000;1100- were Roman Catholics. It would be in the recolet,
tumi of the House that Dr.. Adam Smith had said, "
the Clergy to be
_idle And useless you must pay them well, but
rf y•ou. wished them to be industrious and useful, pay therisAwhtit
was absoltitelY necessary and no more." 'l` his had been ex-
emplified:in the hiStery of Ireland for the Clergy of the ;testa- Church, begiunim.; with the start and the meant ofstshich
be had: spoken, were SO far from keeping pace with their. scan -
. tily paid rivals, thitt.the Catholics in Ireland, from being four
or-fire to one, -were now believed to be about fourteen to one.
He would now. inqUire' what the start had cost. He::would
take the most correct statements: which- he could procure;
but he believed he might quote here with truth the opinion
expressed in no fewer .than three letters which he had received
that day on
,the sobject—". That no private-iricilvidiaals knew
What the llicorne of the Mirth of Ireland really was." :Is was
however caletilittedthat the Chtirch property, if rented out in
`lreland by individuals, would produce annually 2,500,0001.—,
The ntitriber of ltishaeres WhiCh the Church-land comprehend-
ed 14,46.14,000,000. These, if let mat hy individuals, would, it
was thought, give an'annual income of two Millions ands half.
Whether this went to A. 8., the Bishops, or to C. and D., the
sons and nephews of the Bishops, was of no conseqaence, 'es it
must be regarded in either case as giVen to individuals con-
nected with theClturch., an average of 35 parishes, the
benefices had been fotind ,to prOduce from 7001. to 8001. zi,year
each. He would take the 1,2139 benefices to average 5001., which
he thought a MOderate calculation, and adding these to the :tart,
the total cost of artily and staff of the' established Church in Ire-
land would be 3,2110,001. Notwithstanding all this, it had been
seen that the Protesiants.lost ground, and were likely to do so.
In some counties the increase of the Catholics over the Pro-
testants was surpri;:tingly great; Of this. au instance was found
in the county of Watertbrd; where the_Catholics were now cal-
culated to be as forty to one. He proceeded to show what the
Catholic Establishment bail been." There were twenty-six
'Bishops, four more than belonged to the Protestant Establish-
Ment, but three had slender-irxcomes,as the.largest of them did
not exceed 7001. per annum.. The 'Catholic Parish Priests
might be abotit 2,500- in number. NOW, if 1,500 Protestant
Ministers were deemed necessary for the instruction of 500,000,
it could hardly be contended that- 2,500 Priests were too many
for 6,000,000 of Catitolics. The incomes of the Bishops were
made up by donations in various ways, and being thus mode
rately paid, the Catholie Clergy, were found attentive to their
duty, while the conduct of the Ministers of the Church verified
the maxim 'which held good in almoSt all cases, that the rich
would not labour. To the different situations of the Clergy of
the two religions, he the effects wjiich he had ptevi-
ouly noticed. He qtibted the opinions of Paley and Warburton
in favour of 'tolerating the religion of the majority of a people,
and thence argued in. favour lof doing so by the Catholic
Church, without keeping up any other established Church in
Ireland. Ile found the total number of parishes and benefices
in Ireland amounted to 1,391. Besides these there were 223
livings in the gift of the Crown, arid the whole 1,614, he, in
point of tact, regarded as held under the Crown, though this
was not commonly said to be the case. He proceeded to notice
the number of yrotegant resident ministers compared with
the non-residents. FroM. the 'inquiries he had made, it re-
suited that there were 758 of the former, and 531 of the latter.
NVhen such a number of the Established Church were non-resi-
dent, he put it to the House if the Catholics, who saw the whole
of their ministers resident among them, could be other taint
dissatisfied ? , On this subject he gave some further details
from a volume which had been laid sefore the House in 1100,
relating to Waterford and LiSmore. Ile hardly knew that it
was worth while to call the attention of the house to the. Plu_
ralists of Ireland, but on these should say a word or two pre-
sently. He, however, would first give an additional instance
of the rapid increase of the Catholics over the Protestants.—
In the Cotinty of Waterford, in the year 1761, the number of
Catholic families. there ' established was 16,519. The Pro-
testant fainibea were 1,859. In 1702 the Catholics had increas-
ed to 108,000, while the Protestants' were reduced to 1,375.
Since 1792 they had continual .to decrease, and this circum-
stance alone he thOught would justify them in calling for artin
quiry. White the Protestants continued to disappear from the
diocese, could it he necessary to keep up the same Church.
Establishment as TOrnierlY,. Suppose the whole of the Pro-
testants were to disappear,. he would ask, ought the same
establishment to be 'maintained at an expence of 300,0001.
sterling ? There must be A limit put to this at some time, or
other, and the present he thought the fit period for. Parliamen-
tary interference. Ile.neticed the causes of those disturbances
so frequent in Ireland, and traced them to those sources of ge-
neral irritation which he had alreadY spoken. The Catholics
taxed to pay a clergy not resident among them, regarded the
exaction as a robbery, and he should riot state the truth if he
were dot to admit that he forrOne, placed in the situation of
those unfortunate people, felt-Abet he should in all probability
be as violent as any of them. lie must divest himself of htiman
feeling before he could promise to do•otherwise. Before they
could expect -a change in the conduct of the people of Irelana,
they must effect a change in theirconditiom The Honourable
Gentleman proceeded to describe what had come under his
observation when lie visited Ireland, and insisted that it watt
not to be expected that the ChurCh of England could keep its.
ground while the present system was adhered to. In some in..
stances livings in Ireland were giren to the Chaplain& ,of
Peers and Peeresses. Now, in this country there was no
living which a clergyman could not be found to accept, and .in
Ireland he doubted not it was the same; and he therefore
objected to bestowing such situations on those who could not
perform the duties of them. Granted as they were, how could
it be expected that they would be prOPerlY tilled ? lle then,
referring to a volume pUblished in Pullin in 1820, called the
:attention of the House to the livings and other benefits granted
to different individuals., The first of these was the Rev.
ander Archdeacon Louth: This Gentleman he described to
have four rectories. Ile found that the
.opinions which be
entertained on this subject werenot,rieiv, and in proof of tWs
he referred to a speech by Lord Dartnioutb, .whiCh he found in
-the fifth volume of Burnet's Memoiii. This set forth, " We
hear
btttn three othing ofthe
windividuals
connected with the Church of Ireland had died who had pas-
, al much
toll t
others."of the povertyß y
the of mchurches.
bye,s l e found that
sessed little property prior to their ecclesiastical promotion, but
who .were enabled to leave to their successors no less than
800,0001. This sum had been left by three individitals.
alone. Ile should suppress the names of the parties. He had
sent for extracts from the probates of their wills-4A laugh)—
but had not got them. If, therefore; there was any error in what
he had stated, he was not to blame alone. While such scenes
passed before their eyes, Could it be expected that the people
•of Ireland would be content ? CoUld they know of Jodi-
viduals being thus enriched at their expence-, while they were
the Abbots 3
famishing and in such distress as -to call forth the sympathies
they as- Legislators to, allow such accumulations to tiennti:d4are
of this country, much to its honbur, in their bellalfthi,,,en:uhtalthdo;iallittc:
I the expellee of a people whoni hundreds and th
6141shri11:ehhicarbe:tabl sinnent
thee heard Much
ually
e wealth td*
I fo‘ocnrt subjectdexypinrgea f:dwu.elTr ef:oanlitiiNlnyeo.bt
eolliLs ehoerd°P4 whichadiopinions
s a.
i 4,. f
tees
and- no "church
rs the goods of
in ••the world was better provided/lir-se-
a the poverty of some churches, but nothing, °
others ;‘ but take it on the whole,
and Deans—who were of no more
liea to the relief of th p0;11.
Monks were forrnerty4-were aPP.
t If Bishops' daughtere and
Clergy.; there would be no Ifs exttivagant.,. a great scandal
Bishops themselves, wore_eino;ed, and seine tiMe or other'fie
to the country would.
be alibi :Pitt this under a better reycula
hoped the Legishioire .e • speech was that of T -
a ory ar, not
tion." This:unfortuei
lied no doubt that if the _House of Peers
of a Radical, and
subject,h 'give him their Candida
would attend to tteey would agree with hiinthat such "
partiatopimousitto exist. They ought to d a.
mare of
en eavour to iSe
things oughr nreami,
d generally. But when theythose
the state of A
t tne character of' the Chun h do- saw
who
ought totsuppot
-wheti it was seen that those 1 ding
meting but
w la the na woull
supPor"• ltry expence
bear the Pa of repairing a cathedral—when
not eye.
they saw a person With an income of eighteen or twenty thou-
iodpounds per annum„like the Bishop of Derry, act thus,
coin it be supposed that the system could go on ? For his Part,
belied no hesitation in saying, in the words of Lord Dartmouth,
"that ouch things were a scandal to the country,".ancl that they
could only do their ditty by going into an 'inquiry reipecting-
them. This Was necessary, and by entering tipori it they would do
honour to theineelves, promote the true interests of the Church,
and benefit the Country. The Honourable Gentleman agaiot

seetleed the pluralities to which he had before alluded, and were made on the Established Church, and under the specious danger in which it had that night stood. He regretted it had
clamed the unions of livings and benfices, for performing pretext of serving the Catholics of Ireland. It is proposed to been introduced ,into the argument of the Hon. Member
the duties of which Curates were requited with The, 801., give the Catholics, not a• concession, but a triumph, and to for Aberdeen, because the use niade of it must be injurious.
:',/. or 901. per annum, that a Non-resident Dean might re- increaseanimosity by &partial success. For the feelings which Every person. must see the Roman Catholic question had
ceive one or two thousand pounds per annum, and that too were entertainedtowards the Established Church by the Irish been improperly introduced. When the Hon. Member join-
from a people who had another Church Establishment of Catholics, he would refer the House to a pamphlet lately ed the Catholic question to his plan of taking away the pro-
their own, which rendered the exaction doubly scandalous. published by a distinguished Member of their Church, and perty of the Irish Hierarchy, lie should protest against his
He next brought forward the preferments of the Rev. R. which hadebeen since adknowledged by the Catholics as State advocacy. In supporting the Roman Catholic question he
Allen, Dean of Raphoe, the Rev. Gilbert Austin, and other ing the sentiments of their whole body, but its - sentiments should always do it with strict regard for the vested rights of
pluralists, described their unions, and the sums paid to the Cu_ he did not believe `were.. those of all who professed their all classes. No infringement of the rights of the Established
rates who officiated for them, and declared it would completely faith. It was time that the House of Commons should show the Church should ever make part of his argument in support of
tire the House if he were to go on with all the statements of Church of England that it was not neglected by them, and that that question. He entreated the House not to suffer the Ca-
this kind which it was it his power to make. There was one they were not indifferent to its interests ; to show that this was tholic body to be implicated in any opinion subversive of
other point to which he must refer„..-.the Act for providing re_ not a period when its enemies could rush in and seize some of public right. He did not know there was a great deal to
sidelines for. the officiating. Clergy. In this instance he charged what they called it spoils ; to show that the legislature would complain of in the wording of the Honourable Member's mo-
-the Bishops with a downright neglect of duty. The Act to which not Banal oppression ;_ and to show that the oppression of one tion—(Hear, hear, hear !)—but he should judge of the motion
he referred. provided that where the-emoluments of a living ex. party could not be necessary to the protection of the other. Ile by the arguments which suppOrted it. Looking to the spi-
_ceeded 100/, per annum, measures should be taken-for building A liked toleration, but he would be always anxious to give a Pri- nions expressed with respect to .Church property,
he could
- a glebe house. In twenty or thirty instances it appeared that this mart' influence to one religion alone. He would ask,- was the not say, as a friend to the Catholic question, that it was safe
• had been neglected ; and there were places where for twelve motion to be considered as one of political advantage; or is it to in such company. He would never consent. to embark with
years no glebe houses had been standing, yet the provisions of take off a burthen from the Irish peasantry which they are the Honourable Member under sealed orders. lie had no
• - this Act had not been enforced. This circumstance alone, he unable to bear ? It was clear to him that it must be indifferent desire to quit terra firma and sound argument. " Take notice,
thought, ought to induce the House to give theirsanction to the to the Irish peasant whether he paid 12s. tithes and •20s. to the Mr. Speaker and the. ++ said the Right Hon. Gentleman,
• proposed enquiry. He had to state that since the Right Hon. landlord, or whether he paid to the landlord the whole 325., for "of the nostrum held up for the cure of the evils of unfortunate
Gentleman's Bill passed for enforcing residence, two livings such would be the case. It was certain that this tax was paid Ireland. The Hon- Member says rte are to throw aside the Orin
had been given to individuals who could not possibly, be real- by the landlord and not by the peasant, yet it was to relieve the ciples of our own country,
dents. This lie was assured was a fact. it was well known that peasant that the motion was proposed, to take from him a bur-
, public—those of America." He did not wish, in one part of his
and take for model those of a Re.
there were such things as " First Fruits," which had been made then, and to enable him to rise from the state of degradation in to argument, to abideentirely hy the American model. The Hon.
over to the churches tn both countries, he wished to shew with which he had sunk. Those who had not seen the lower Member did not wish to give. the property of the Hierarchy
what effect. The Church of Ireland was twice or three times classes of the Irish could have no idea of this state,
, and he to the State, but to the Roman Catholics. lle was quite
as rich as -the Church of England. When the " First Fruits" (Mr. Stanley) knew that it would be most advisable to rouse at a loss to know how the Honourable Member could carry
were originally made over to-the Church of England to augment them from it—from that want, and deprivation, and callous
. his intention into effect. The state would not .be justified
the income of the poorer Clergy, the same benefit was claimed feeling which a long acquaintance with misery always brings ; in meddling with the property of the Church, unless in case of
for the Church of Ireland. It was stated by Swift in his corre.. and to improve and -educate them would, lie thought be an exigency, when all property might be liAle. In common
spondence,_ that when application was made to the Minister object worthy the consideration of Parliament% If helt were cases the Crown could not interfere with it morethan with pri-
vate property. He could not avoid congratulating the /louse
(Lord Godolphin) on the subject he remarked, " that when proved that the tithes were paid by the consumer, i could
given, the ' First Fruits' would
.be of no use for the object in not 'conceive how the present motion could relieve the Irish and the public on the diSplay of talent shewn by an Honourable
view, as they would not be applied to the relief of the poor poor, and if they were paid by the- landlord, the conclusion young Member' under the gallery. Ile might freely compli-
- Clergy." He, however, sof crud himself to be persuaded, must be equally obviou,s. If he were not moue en, and he mem *noble stock from which the Hon. Member came, on
anti they were given. Now he wished to shew the difference believed he tyas not, the Irish had four great wa.nt! to com- having so much talent, ready to be called forth for the bane-
the Church of England and the Church of Ireland. plain of,—want of resident gentry, want of. capital, ,want of fit of the country. The speech of the Hon. member had placed
-in England the tenth of the First Fruits was taken from the, employment, and want of 'education. The Honourable Gen_ the question in a proper point of view. Ile might ask what
Clergy. In Ireland the twentieth was to to have been taken,' 'den= (Mr. Hume) had observed, that there were only three was to be the consequence if ;be motion were carried ? Tithes
but was not, while in England the tenth had always been regn- intolerant nations in a state of wretcbeduc3s, but he had were to be abolished. For 'the purpose of the Hon. Member's
, larly paid.' In England the " First Fruits" were valued.and failed to show how the observation applied to the present argument, it was a matteinfif indifference which portion of pro-
were not to be- re-valued, while in Ireland it was'expressly question. He had drawn a lamentable picture, and perhaps perty was taken__ by the landlord, and the proposition. was to
reserved that they should be re-valued from time to time.— he had not overdrawn it, of the state of somee ,of them ; but the take away the property of the Clergy to give it to-the landed
The First Fruits, which were to have been taken from the present case was of a different nature. Aere were through- Gentlemen. 'raking away property from one to. give it to
rich in Ireland to augment the incomes of the poor Clergy, out Ireland a class 'of Protestant Gentlemen, correct and up- another could not bear a better name than that of spoliation,
had not been so applied. This had not been done, and thus the right, necessarily men of education, cornpellible, and now and when once that system began, let the owners of other pro-
Church had been robbed by those who merited to be called compelled to reside on their livings, and obliged, by the perty take care.. Let the Fundholder. be upon his guard.s_ spoliators, as he had been called a spoliator when he first laws of common decency, to -It" soberly honestly, and re- Spoliation justified in one case, would be a precedent for 'pos brought tide subject forward, because he demanded justice. spectably. Although he (Mr. Stanley) admired the main prin- liation in another. The Hon. Member had reverted to the num.
What did the House -think the " First Fruits', in Ireland cipie of the Hon. Member (Mr. Hume) in its fullest extent, he ber of Non-resident Clergy, and the number was stated to be
had produced in-the last-seven years. Perhaps they woodtake contended that his motion would be one which, it' carried into 531. " Now, Mr. Speaker (observed Mr. Plunkett), I shall
the amount at 30 or 40,000/.1 What would the House think, effect, would prove most injurious to Ireland. He would refer hardly be believed, when I say if you strike off 600 from that
when he told them that the sum thus obtained for the relief to the work he had before alluded to, and which, like .al- number, the 31 will be a considerable exaggeration. The fact
of the' poor Clergy amounted to .9101. !—(Hear, hear !)—lf most all others on the subject, was filled with exaggerated is, the lion. Member has been painfully laborious, making,
ever there*was` ft profane mockery of all that was sacred, here statements. It was impossible to follow the Honourable diem- himself innacurate on the subiject." Ile had been informed there might such mockery he found,• and thoseeeho sanctioned it bet for Aberdeen through the whole of his argethents, but were not twenty Beneficed Clergymen non-resident. If they
acted against the law, - against religion, against the interests of there were one or two he would notice which referred more were wandering about as the Hon. Member described, why
the Church, and in violtion of their duty to the public. The immediately to the asserted enormous receipts of the Esta- were they not seen. In no part of Ireland had he witnessed the
"First Fruits," in England hadbeeteValuedat2lsgOln Ile must blushed Church in Ireland. It was stated in the pamphlet absence complained' of. The Right lion. Gentleman begged
now refer to the valuation of the fciar. Archbishoprics—Armagh, which lie had quoted, that, in the various dioceses, there leave to ask whether it was fair to call upon him to explain an
Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam: -These were rated at .C 1,051 8 6.i were 1,309 livings, averaging to 'each MU a year ; and that opinion given in 1822. He should, however, state to the House
.
The other 28 Sees in Ireland; now reduced to ' in the diocese of Cloyne there were 56 benefices, 'amount- the circumstance's which led to his opinion that the First Fruits-
.
18, were taken at .- . -2,12 h 12 el) ing In all to the sum of forty thousand pounds , a year. But were vested in the Crown. The Acts passed in the reigns of
- it should be recollected that this latter calculation was taken Henry VIII., and Elizabeth, he contended gave the Crown`
from notoriously the richest diocese in Ireland., -and taken the amount of first fruits 'as theyappeareffin the King's books.
f too, at a period when rents were at the highest price. The During 200 '-.Years the drat-fruits were collected according to Hon. Gentlemen had diminished his calculation relative to the the rate in the King's books. A Gentleman -who collected said
former subject; and had said that he believed the average to ha would' .controtit the Clergy, and take the value without. the
be 8001. instead of 8001. a year. He (Mr. Stanley) had made King's book. The Right Hon. Gentleman decided that the in-
many inquiries relative to this point, from several Irish. Clergy- dividual had no right to change the practice of 200 years--
men and others; and hehad understoodfrom the authorities Secondly, he held, that if any change was -tube made, the indi-
that the fair average was but 250/. a year, instead of 5001. vidual had no authority to make it. With respect to the Pro
He had received similar information from a Learned and testant Establishment of the country, he considered it necessary
Excellent Prelate, the Bishop of Limerick, who had con- for the preservation and toleration of all other religions. The
firmed the statement as it applied fo his own diocese, and heads of that establishment ought to, rank with Nobles of the
who had said that he believed It was pretty nearly the same land. The Ministers should also he most respectable; but all over Ireland. If' this statement .were correct, and lie had speaking in apolitical sense, he thought the existence of the
little doubt 'of its being so, the difference between the actual Protestant Establishment was, the bond of eecurity to both coo ii-
amount and that set forth in the pamphlet he had quoted, tries., The moment, they robbed it of its rights, the doom of
was the difference between 1,7,0001. and 347,0001.. a year. The separation of the two countries would be sealed.
pamphlet also declares, that the sum of 3110.000/. was received Sir JOHN lIRYDGES opposed the motion. by the 18 Bishops, and the 4 Archbishops of Ireland, thus giving Sir F. BURDETT -felt he should not discharge his duty
an aver ade of 140001. a-year to each bishopric. The fact, as far were he to abstain froM an endeavour to oppose the -argument&
as he ha been able to ascertain, was very different. He had been against the motion. With regard to Ireland,. one opinion'
informed that, out of the 18, the amount received by 11, was seemed to be universally entertained, namely,. thatsthe people
about 6,0001., by 4, 6,0001., by 1, 7,0001., and he had not been of that country were exposed to evils of great magnitude. He
able to discover what was received by the remaining two. The was- aware that the -consideration of those 'wile involved feel-
Hon. Gentleman (Mr. II.) had stated, that there 1,300 parishes in ;s of 'importance, and he felt so much embarrassed that he
in the gift of the different. Bishops—that there were in the scarcely knew how to separate the question before the House
diocese of .Dublin 144 rich parishes, and in that of Kildare 131. front the question of general grievances. Whenever, the ques.
Butthe fact was, that in the gift of the Bishop of Dublin there don was brought on they were sure to meet with repulse. If
were only twenty, eleven of which were extremely poor, and they brought forward the state of the country, it was such a
in that of the Bishop of Kildare not more than halt' the number: mass of difficulty that they could not grapple with it ; if, on the
The Honourable Gentleman had also, among other grievances, other hand, a specific grievance was brought under considers-
quoted that of the 107 Rural Deans; but of this office the sole tion, they were told it was no grievance at all. The Right Hon.
employment and profit consisted in being allowed to assist Gentleman.hzul excited his astonishment by making the asser-
the Bishops in the Gonsistorial Couloir. 'He (Mr. Stanley) tion that the present mate of the Church in Ireland was not con.
was astonished to find this circumstance swelling up the list of siciered a grievance in Ireland. Ile held that declaration to,
complaints. He had been informed that the receipts of several efforchee melancholy prospect fhr the people of Ireland, who
Catholic priests amounted to 4001., SOW. and 000/. a year, and fia looked to the Right llarlfoenfleinah With confidence as
that in one parish near Dublin the clergyman received 800/, the au otter of their rights., It held veryth the Catholic Pe-
lle had also been informed by a nobleman who resided near pulanon a melancholy" Prospect, and little hope of re-
Dublin, that, in many instances, the Protestants-were not only
obliged to support their own clergy, but to give annual done- lief. He could state Ins' views with re -pest tO Ireland, but -
tions to the Cathelio priests, in order that they might be on that unless thegot out of the hacks d w ' °f.
old, h wever, say,
y e rounne o measures,
they' would be considered visioaar ' He
good terms with their neighbours. He hoped he should not Ireland would sink Under; accuMulated distress. Sonic-
be misunderstood ; lie did not contend that in Ireland there thing must be clone. The woandi bf that. suffering country'
were no grievances to complain of ; he was sure that that coon- must be probed.•• The lion. Baronet allowed that great
try suffering, more or less, from those evils which attended praise was . due to a young Member under . the Gallery,
everything human. He was anxious that the question, in all who had spoken well; but he could not admit that any ar-
its bearings, should be considered. Ilevouldnot object that, at gun-lent could ' fairly bc urged in support of the conduct of
some time or other, a commission should be'sent into Ireland to Ministers. Until the Right Honourable and Learned Gentle.
be an eye-witness of its state, and to ascertain the best mode of man got up it was thought. that the speech of the Hon. Mewl-
affording it relief; but fie would object to its being sent forth ber to whom he had alluded was an answer to the argument of
with prejudiced feelings, and having for its avowed object to his Hon; Friend. • He did not, however, join in that view. It
reduce=-if' it were possible to reduce—the Church Establish.. was said his Hon. Friend was inaccurate. If so the returns laid
ment of that country. This cause would be now prejudged be. on the table were inaccurate ; but what was the language of the
fore it wail heard. He would confess- that 'the strong feelings Right' lion. Gentleman on -the subjeet of property? 'He was
expressed by the Hon. Member for Aberdeen relative to the not disposed to look at the property
of the ChUrch as he would
Established Church of England and Ireland led him more par- private property. They all knew it was given to the Church
ticularly to oppose this motion, 'notwithstanding that he wished for pious uses, and his hope was, that Gentlemen in that House
to see given to the subject a full, free, and perfect investiga- would have the manliness and sense to hold in utter contempt
tion.—The Hon. Member sat down amid loud and general such an application. It was given to the Clergy to be bench-
cheering..
cial to that body, and he would go the length of saying of the
Mr. DAWSON addressed the House, but in the midst of Church establishment it was injurious to the public. With re-
so much confusion that his observations seldom reached the gal- spect to its possessions the Parliament could take it away.
lery. After complimenting and thanking the last speaker, he —The Protestant ascendancy had been one of the greatest
contended that the attack of the Hon. Member for Aberdeen scourges of Ireland. When it was shewn that ascendancy
was unjust, and that it was the duty of the House to discounte- never would allow the people of Ireland to have equal rights,
trance it. He would not attempt to deny that many abuses was it not time to alter the system ? The Catholics had per-
existed in the Church, and lie had the strongest desire to see seved so long in not giVing up their faith,' that they had
them remedied. He was of opinion that the right by which the proved themselves worthy to possess all the advantages
i tithes were held by the Clergy was incontrovertible, and that which they demanded. It had been said leans could not
its violation would destroy the security of every other kind of be advanced to Ireland because the people were not in a con-
property. He was inclined to think the Hon. Member for dition to enjoy good things. Ile- had heard a story, "An
Aberdeen was not correct in his estimate of the number of Non- Irishman was working on high road, and a Gentleman
resident Clergy and Absentees. The Clergy of Ireland were, knowing the man had some time before received a legacy,
in his opinion, most respectable. In the north of' Ireland the said, What, Pat, are you working ?—Yes, your honour. Why
service of the Church was performed with the greatest solemnity you had a legacy?—Yes, but it is all gone. I wanted to see
and regularity. how a Gentleman of two hundred a year lived." The fact
Mr. DOMINICK BROWN could not withhold his tribute was, the people of Ireland had a taste 'to enjoy the good
of praise to the Established Clergy of Ireland, but he was corn- things admired in England, ' but they wanted money. So
pelled to say nothing, in his opinion, but a more equal division great was the misery of Ireland, and so connected was that
of Church property would secure the peace of Ireland. The country with England, that the misery of the former threatened
population of Ireland was seven millions; of that numbetive to reach, if not to overwhelm, the hail.. He had no doubt
innillions and three quarters were Catholics. The members of thit much of our own distress was caused by the influx of the
' the Established Church were 500,000, and the rest 'Dissenters. poorer Irish, though he, of course, did not blame them. He
The Established Clergy possessed one-fifth, or one-fourth of the did not wish to undervalue the benefit which would be derived
property of the whole island. The principles introduced at the from Catholic Emancipation. He thought, on the contrary,
Reformation had been accepted by the majority of people in that this would he a necessary ingredient of relief. But the
England. In Ireland the Reformation was rejected, and, if principal mode of relief was to be sought in extensive coloni-
the people of that country had constantly rejected it, it was im- nation. He was not particularly attached to his plan, thOugh
possible to say the Established Clergy had a right to the ohurch • be thought, to be surenthat it was better thah Mr. Oweri's plan
property. 'une Roman Catholic Clergy were the legal Clergy. for the relief of Ireland.—(A Laugh.)—With regard, however,
He should vote for the motion, conceiving inquiry into the sub- to the particular question before the House, he thought the mao.
ject highly necessary. . tion was unanswerable. He had heard no sound objection to it,
Mr. ROBERTSON said, the hope of restorrng peace in and even the Hon. Gentleman who spoke from under the gallery
Ireland depended on the union of the Roman Catholic and Pro- opposed it only because he did not think this was the proper
testant Churches. He thought there was a probality of effect- time for making, or his lion. Friend theproper person for making
ing that object. There was not much difference in the creed the motion. The Clergy of Ireland were a negligent body, for a
of both Churches. The Lutheran and Calvinist Churches very good reason, because they had none around them who would
were formerly opposed to each other, yet the Government of receive their religious tenets. They did no good to the people ;
Prussia accomplished an union of both these Churches. A and indeed rarely came in contact with them except under cir-
Bishop of Durhum had expressed hie belief that the union of cumstances of hostility. Every thing he had heard convinced
the Protestant and Roman Churches might be brought about. him that the motion for inquiry was unobjectionable.
The Hon. Member was convinced, that until such an union Mr. LESLIE FOSTER opposed the motion. It *as clearly
was effected nothing could be expected front Ireland. a motion to confiscate the property of the Irish Church, for the
Mr. GRATTAN was desirous of stating shortly a few obser- alleged advantage of the State. He denied the facts upon which
vations. If the residence of Clergy could be procured it would it was attempted to sustain the motion. He denied the alleged
be most desirable. With respect to education in Ireland, he insignificance of the Protestant compared with the Catholic
thought there had been some remissness in the application of population. In the province of Ulster, for instance, he had
the funds advanced for that purpose. Upon the view he took reason to believe -the Catholics and Protestants were pretty
of the question, he should vote for the motion of his Honourable well divided. He complained, too, of the taking particular
Friend., not from any hostility to the Established Church, but districts which were unhappily in a state Of disturbande, and
from a most anxious desire to serve the people of Ireland. treating them as fair specimens of the whole. He must observe,
_
Mr. PI UNKEr I ' said
' 'it was not his intention to trespass also, that a considerable portion of what was called the Church
at any length, and he was sure the House would excuse hum property wa's held by the Laity. He might almost take if in
Having been alluded to by the Hon. Member with whom the the proportion of one to seven. The rental of Ireland was
motion. originated, it was q Like impossible he could suffer the about ten millions, and the Tithes amounted to no more than
House to adjourn without saying a few - words. Rising for one-seventeenth of that sum. In the diocese of Clonfert the
that purpose,. he considered it his duty also to make some ob- Tithe did not amount to above Ikl. an acre • and in no other did
serwations-on- the general question.' lie did so more cape- it exceed 10d. He opposed the motion because. the proposed
day for the Purpose of rescuing a cause to which he felt measure was unjust and impracticable. It was unjust because
great attachment, namely, the' .Catholic question, from the 'it was in violation of the Act of UniOn, which guaranteed the

- Total - x 3,177 1. 4
`Now, for the .property ,belonging to one of those Sees, he
should be willing to give 50,0001. per annum ! Acts like those
which had thus been exposed, .he considered a disgrace to the
Government by which they were-sanctioned, and deserved to
be held up to the reprobation of every honest man. The Eng-
:lish"Church had paid as First. Fruits,. in the last seven.years,
the sum of 7 £5,199 0 0
And - - 8,861 0 0

• £14,063 0 0
• The'lriSh Church hid paid -within the same period, as he had
already stated, 910/., being one-sixteenth of the sum paid by
. the English Church, and looking at the.irish Church as pos-
.. esensing treble the means of the English one, fhe. ,sum paid to
' the First Fruits, compared with that- obtained'in.England, was
-as 1 to 48. But he wished to shew the House how the Govern-
inent in ;Ireland acted .with respect to the First Fruits. Mr.
e :Shaw Mason having proposed to assessahem at their improved
value was opposed. He took the opinion of. gr. Allen, a
-Barrister, which was in favour of his doing so. The opinion
-of the Attorney. General was then obtained, and this describ-
- eed the legitimate course to be that
,of assessing the first
.rates on the former valuation.; and Mr. Goulburn answered a
• -memorial from Mr. Shaw Mason, by directing the old valuation
.-to be taken, and announcing it to be the intention of the Lord-
- Lieutenantif Mr.'Mason persevered in his first design, to de-.
- 'rive him of his patent. This dm Honourable Gentleman re-
- • :go' stied as an overbearing act of power, to prevent that from
-being done which was due to the country. He thought this
matter, though-apparently a minor one, to be of considerable
importance. If he knew any thing of the Right Honourable
- ;Secretary for Foreign Affairs, or of the liberal principles
which influenced his conduct, he would not suffer it to rest
without inquiry and examination. The people new looked up
- - to bins to see that justice was done, and he hoped that his
shield woulkl not be thrown over such proceedings. This was
• :.one of the pqints upon which he called upon the House to
-support his motion ; and he never,' in the course.of his podia--
- • mentary experience, met with any thing that more strongly
demanded inquiry. The HOnourable Member then referred
to a book published at Oxford in 1808, the title of which we
--could not hear, contending that it proved the right by which
tithes are held to be ,different from the irrevocable and per-
manent right which secures other property. It was .known
that the Declarations of Henry the Eighth were afterwards
.-sanctioned and delared law by the Parliament ; and this book
' contained a Declaration of the year 1539, in which that Sove-
reign pronounced that" the payine of tythes 'should continue,
Until it was the pleasure of the 'King to change it. Look.
ing at the present conditioneof Ireland, he thought the time"
- was arrived when such change ought to made. If the num-
ber of Bishops in Ireland were reduced to four, which, with
an Archbishop, was quite enough in his opinion, how much
benefit must result from setting so Much land free of tithes,.
and removing the 'irritation which now arose from the collec-
tion, and the entire evils .of the system. The Hon. Member
-then, for the benefit of those Members who hadmot heard the
speech, -recapitulated the grounds -.upon which he -called for the
support of the House, -and concluded by moving the following
Resolution :—" That it is expedient to enquire whether the pre-
-sent Church Establishment in Ireland be not more than compe-
tent to the service performed, both with regard to the number of
• -persons employed, and the amount of the income received."
• Mr. STANLEY (in a maiden-speech) begged to apologise in
• eventuring to address the Route on the present subject. He corn-
- -mended the temperate nature of the motion which the Hon. Mem-
ber (Mr. Hume) had submitted to the House, but he thought
- there-would Lie great difficulty, in shewing grounds for agreeing
with him in what he had stated in relative to the established
church of Ireland. Ile (Mr. S.) could not but consider that the J
--time and .circumstances, under which the motion was brought for..
ward, were calculated to render it peculiarly unpopular. Its ten-
dency was to lower the authority of the established church, under
the idea of alleviating the distresses of a suffering people.
Hosti-
lity to any church he would disclaim; and in prejudice, if preju-
-dice it could be called, in favour of Ireland, he would yield to no
man in the House. For years, the strongesteffbrts had been made,
partly through the public press, and partly through private
..-cliannels' to cast a stigma on the Established Church. The
priVate faultti or crimes of its members had been dragged fbr-
-ward, and unfairly employed to throw an odium on the church
-to which they belonged.; and he would venture to say, that if
one half of the pains which had been taken to cast reflections
on such persons, had been exerted to bring forward its virtuous j
- members, that church would stand above the boldest attacks
which calumny itself-could make upon it. He would assert,
• that the clergymen of-the Church of England were equal to
any other set of men whatsoever, in the faithful discharge of
their public and private duties. He wished as much as any
One to ameliorate the condition of Ireland. He felt deeply for
- the interest of-that country, not for its sake alone, but because
it was s 0 blended with this, that the prosperity of Ireland was
it
difficulties o
of England,—the difficulties of Ireland were the
the prosperity
England—and the misery of Ireland,- was equally
the misery of England. He should grieve indeed if he were
'mistaken in the opinion he entertained, that every individual in
the House was deeply anxious for the permanent good of Ire-
land. But the.more unanimous they were on this subject, the
'more careful they ought to be to inquire into the best methods '
-for her relief, lest their kindness should prove in the end cruelty,
-and their gifts destruction. He did not wish to canvass the
shew
H thee
would difference
not
ar-
guments which had been brought forward to
-between church property and other property.
-say that in all cases the Church property
.ought to he held
sacred, but he would say that as much caution should be re-
quired in touching it as in other cases. He could, hoWever,
ewith great satisfaction say, that no such temptation—that no
-such necessity existed now. He would not state that circum-
stances had not occurred which had produced, and were calcu-
lated to produce, increased violence on the-other side; but the
-Catholic Church was now a settled one, time had given it stabi-
lity, and its rights of property were secure. No Miniater dare,
-and no one in the House could propose the extinction of that
'Church. .He was fully convinced; and he hoped the House
-would be of the same opinion, that the measure, instead of as-
Sisting, wodid injure the people of Ireland, and be detrimentai ,
to their interests. Is it to be considered as a means of conces'-
sion ? He would ask, what was to be gained from it, and how
it was to . procure this advantage ? For the first time attacks

Church Establishment of Ireland ; and impracticable, because
it threatened to affect the rights of the laity much more than
those of the Church.
Mr. H U3IE replied. He contended that he had in genera:
correctly stated his facts ;. and that no reason had been drawn:
from them.to spew that his motion was either unjust or unne.
cessary.
The House then divided, when there appeared—
For the motion - - - - -
Against it

- - - - 152

LITERARY NOTICE.

The PRIVATE JOURNAL of CAPTAIN G. F. LYON
of II M. S. HECLA, during the recent VOYAGE w
DISCOVERY under CAPTAIN PARRY. With 3
Map and Plates. Octavo, pp. 468.
Captain LYON is already known to the public
by his travels in Northern Africa. In the present instances he
has added considerably to his claim as a narrator, and weshoe
seldom perused a work that has afforded more amusement and
information than this " Private. Journal." The writings of
Crantz, Egede, and the Missionaries, have indeed made us ac-
quainted with the Esquimaux, but the miserable beings which
Captain Lyon has been with, were never visited before, and'
from the two winters passed in their society much informs-
tion has been obtained, and we seem to feel as in the midst
of them., did not our optic and olfactory nerves en.nrluce
us to the contrary. The work very properly is dedicated t 0
that
this Parry; and it-is no slender praise to the author tt
--
this fearless and daring navigation of the frigid zone, an eye
witness of the facts, advised its publication, or that a dectle-
man so conspicuous for his scientific research as Mr. BarrPw'
should concur in the mine opinion. From the preface we takC
the following extract :_« Being sent with the other Journals
"'to the Admiralty, in obedience to Captain Parry's instrac'
" tions, my friend, Mr. Barrow, in returning it to me, ad-
" vised me strongly to publish it, on account of the number "f
" little anecdotes it contained, relative to the habits and dise
" sition of a people entirely separated from the rest of the
" world, and with whom we had for so great a length of tinie
" kept up an intimate and constant intercourse. •
.I.le observed also, as an additional inducement, that
" Captain Parry,' in his authentic and official 'account of the
" expedition, had not deemed it it or necessary to enter
in-
" to many of those minute- and peculiar traits w 1,411 are
"requisite for displaying the character of a strange people'
" Captain Parry's opinion on this subject agreeing with Me'
" Barrow's, I could no longer hesitate; aml, therefore, after
" few abbreviations, and the omission of some details of $3.
" tural History, and of scientific observations, I sent the art-
" ginal manuserintns?.the printer."
The account of the voyage has already 'been noticed in
Tar SUN of the 27th March, we shall therefore confine our-
selves chiefly to the Esquimaux, and some minor details, eu
the passage up HudSon's 'Straits. A bear' wan killed, "he
" boldly turned to face his pursuers" (in two. boats) " as long
as he had sufficient strength, for lie swam rapidly, and could
" make long springs in the water." He was of an astonishing
size, and weighed upwards of 1,6001b5.. The length from the
snodt to the insertion of the tail was 8 feet 7i inches. The
girth round the body 7 feet 11 inches, and the height at the
shoulder 4 feet 9 inches, with every other part in proportion.--'
The " prize," Captain Lyon says; " was very fat ; his colour
" of a yellowish white, and the hair covered with a kind of
" sticky off, which gave it a shining appearance, and made the
" hands feel very clammy after touching it. On opening the
" body, a noisome effluvia filled the whole ship. The smell
" was very pungent, and quite different from any other I had
" ever experienced. The heart continued to beat on being
" taken out, although the animal had been three hours deans
" Our seamen ate it without experiencing any of those bad
"effects which old northern navigators attribute to bears'
n flesh." After procuring a large tub of blubber, the carcass
' was thrown overboard. The first visit from the Esquienaux Was
off the savage islands. Capt. Lyon says " a first interview cloe
" not authorize my attempting to describe their features ; but
s" I may safely say, that I could not, even in a dozen ligitS,
Its
as nsaltidcfiiirtecsi,aolasfdyotopeibliitahffiasarernofaiu:
" have discovered the regular colour of their skin, from its
dullb attemptseingc
ospopcet vtoerrraecbder
brown
its tah naturalbc blood,
r
"appeared very generally to exist; many persons 'lad lost
" their eye-lashes, and some were nearly blind." A long and
minute detail of their dress is given, and so determined were
they to procure articles from the ships that " both sexes eagerlY
sold their clothes, and some went away nearly naked." The
females, however, were not so rapacious, for Captain Lyon says,
" I do not remember to have seen a single lady part with her
" breeches, while the gentlemen were by no means so scrupu-
, " lous, and evinced no shame at appearing nearly naked."
Various jokes passed between the Esquimaux' and our seamen,
and a Newfoundland dog, who had been taught to fetch and
carry., afforded them much diversion. A black cat belonging
to Captain Lyon was considered a far more formidable animal, and none of them could, be persuaded to touch it. As might
have been anticipated some instances of dishonesty occurred,
but which could scarcely be wondered at from the many temp-
tations that presented themselves. The expedition proCeeded
up Hudson's Straits, where they had a similar visit from another
party of Esquimaux, both sexes of which had "however
" cleaner faces, or much fairer complexions ; and such is ,
" the taste and so singularly it varies, that there was one
"of the young girls considered as very pretty."—As usual
' many articles were exchanged, and among other things procured
from them was an " hatchet of English manufacture, bearing
" the initials H. V. and Co. It was mounted like an adse, on
" a short handle, to which it was firmly attached by strong
"thongs of hide. The haft was scooped out in such a way as
to allow the hand to fit, and each finger had its particular
" place." The ships then proceeded off the mill islands into the
frozen strait ; the Duke of York's Bay ; and on nearly every
place where a landing was made traces of the Esquimaux ap-
peered. On the 18th August Captain Lyon accompanied by
Captain Parry landed on the high eastern land in the latter bay
He says " on landing we were led by a gradual ascent of
" about half a mile to the foot of the mountains. This slope
"was composed of their sounding plates of magnesian lime-
stone ; and the few stunted willows rising three or four inches
" from the ground, reminded me forcibly of the southern
" *scent to the Soudah Mountains' in Fezzan. This reseal-
" blance was not a little strengthened by the total absence of
" all living creatures." In Repulse Bay Captain Lyon, with
the assistance of one of the seaman, found the crown bone,and
ultimately the whole skeleton of a whale. He says " Inlay
" across the upper end of a small green ravine, and was at
" least 100 feet above the level of the sea ! with the exception
"of the head, every part was covered with fresh moss and dark
"earth, through which a small stream of water was oozing.
" It is well known that the Exquimaux carry large portion's
" of whale's bones to their huts, for the purpose of collecting
" the oil which exudes from them ; and they afterwards make
" use of the dry bone in constructing sledges, &c.; yet, allow-
" ing this to be the case, I can in no manner conceive it possi-
" ble for them to remove an entire skeleton even one foot, much
" less up the steep side of a hill. The remains of which
"speak were so situated that no dwellings could be placed any
" way near them, and the fact of their lying in a water-course,
"-c does away with the idea of their having been brought to the
" spot for the sake of the oil." At a further distanceporne
Esquimaux graves were found, and in one a huh an skull
which appeared perfect, hut broke on being lifted up. In ano-
ther near the skeleton were laid various implements of the chace
and other articles, including little models of canoes, paddles,
and other things, apparently children's toys. Some other graves
were also found, in which similar articles were deposite.
We shall now omit the further details of the voyage' atil the,
period when the ships were frozen in at Winter Island, where;
after the necessary precautions had been taken for their pie-
servervation, the theatricals commenced. Capt. Lyon says,
" A liberal subscription having been made amongst the Officers
" prior to the ships leaving England, by which a stock of thee-
" trical clothes, &c. was purchased, it was now proposed by
" " Capt. Parry, that as our active operations had ceased for a
time, we should make arrangements for performing plays
" once a fortnight throughout the winter, as a means of amus-
ing the seamen, and in some degree to break the tedious mo-
" notory of our confinement. As there could be no desire or-
" hope of excelling, every Officer's name was readily entered
"on the list of dramatis personm. Those ladies who had cher-
" fished the growth of their beards and whiskers, as a defence
" against the inclemency of the climate, now generously agreed
"to do away with such unfeminine ornaments, and every thing
bade fair for a most stylish theatre."
On the 9th Nov. the performances commenced, and we can-
not do better than give Captain Lyon's account of it. "Our
" first play was performed on the evening of the 9th; an ap- •
" peared to afford much amusement to the raen ; our "dresses
" were good, and the theatre tolerably large; to which way

Majority - - - -73
The other Orders, of the Day were then disposed of, and at e
Quarter past Two o'Clock the House adjourned.

e
t

pie
der
'van

1".
.44-1
the
the

fa
"a
4 bi

Z
ti,e j
vain

a val
*ern on
IlvoOnput
ant ink