The Sun.
London, England, 1849-03-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 1, 1849.

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Now ready, in 2 vols., with Portraits, 255. board,
MEMOIRS Als1) C'ORRESPONDENCE OF
SIR ROBERT MURRAY KEITA, K. 8.,
MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY
At the Courts of Dresden, Copenhagen, and Vienna, from 170 to 1793;
with a Biographical Memoir of Queen Caroline Matilda, Sister of
George 111.
Edited by Mrs. GILLESPIE SMYTH.
Henry Colbura, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

NEW NOVEL, BY THE ATTHOR OF " EMILIA WYNDHAM."
Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
ORDAUNT HALL.
By the Aathor of
" EMILIA WYNDHAM," "ANGELA," &c.
" The most beautiful of the many beautiful tales yet written by its
author. It fascinates the attention of the reader like 'Scott's never-
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" This splendid fiction far surpasses in excellence all the former
efforts of its talented writer. The deep pathos of the story causes all
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Now ready, in Three Vols. pot .vith numerous Illustrations.
THE ISLAND OF SARDINIA.
Including Pictures of the Manners and Customs of the
Sardinians, and Notes on the Antiquities sag Modern Objects of
Interest in the Island.

To which is added some Account at the House of Savoy.
Ey J. W. WIRRE TYNDALE, M.A., Barrister-At-Law,
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" One of the ntost interesting and .most.cielightfUl-books of travel
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" Most interesting Tolumes. Mr. Tyndale has conferred upon us
the inestimable gift of a new book upon a now subject."—Morning
Chronicle.

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amusing."—Sunday Times.
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(Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.)

THE PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL
LIFE ASSURANCE ♦SSOCIATION (Enrolled under the
Friendly Societies' Acts) and BENEYOLF‘NT FUND,
Mr. Philip Henry Byrne having been appointed Secretary of this
Association, it is requested that all communications may be ad-
dressed, and all remittances made payable to him.
RICHARD HENRY JONESt Chairman.
42, Meorgste-street, March 1, 1849.
TRUSTEES.

Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P.
Thomson Hankey, Jun., Esq,

1 W. G. Prescott, Esq.
1 Baron L. do Rothschild, M.P.

TREASURER OF THE BENEVOLENT FUND,
John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.
Every description of Life Assurance effected daily. Division
of Profits every Five Years.

Parties assured Three Years participate in Profits. All parties as-
suring during the present year will participate in the next Division of
Profits, which will take place in 1852.
Detailed Prospectuses, showing the 'very peculiar advantages of-
fered by this Association, may be had at the office, 42, Moorgate-
street, London.

By order of the Board,
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ROBERT HOUDIN. - ST. JAMES'S
THEATRE.
Close of the attractive Entertainment.
M. ROBERT HOUDIN will have the honour to repeat his extra-
ordinary SOIREES FAN TASTIQUES, at this Theatre as follows:
This Evening (Thursday) • • March 1.
Saturday Evening • • • • „ S.
Tuesday Evening .. • • „ 6.
Wednesday Morning next .. , 7.
Being the last Entertainment, owing to U. Houdin's' departure for
the provinces.
Evening Performance at Half-past Eight ; Day Performance at
Half-past Two.
Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, Is. ; Amphitheatre, Is. 6d.
Boxes, Stalls, and Tickets for this extraordinary Entertainment
may be secured at Mitchell's Royal Library, i 3, Old Bond-street ;
and at the Box-office of the Theatre, which is open daily from Eleven
till Five o'clock.

TiiLATRE ROYAL, HAYMARRET.
Mr. B. Webster, Sele Lessee and Manager, Old Brompton.
The public is respectfully informed that this Theatre laas, during
Le recess, undergone very extensive repairs and alterations and the
'hole t decorated.

THEA ERE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
f'ncier the direction Madame Celesta

During the Recess this Theatre has been entirely re-decorated, the
riginal designs by Digby Wyatt, Esq , executed by Mr. Sang. A
aew Stage, Curtain, Act Drop, and Chandelier. An approved sys-
'em of Ventilation, &c., &c. The Private Boxes enlarged, Backs
nide(' to the Seats, and Stalls rendered mere comfortable.

.COYAL LYCiATM THEATRE.
Under the If anagemeut of Madame Vestris.
Lessee, Mr. Charle. Ma• he As.
THIS EVENING

Will be performed SHAVE YOU DIRECTLY.

After which, a new Fairy Extravaganza, entitled THE KING OF
rim PEACOCKS. Characters by Messrs. Harley, John Reeve,
Selby, 11. Hall, Marshall, and H. Marshall ; Miss Kathleen Fitzwil-
lam, Miss L. Howar4, Mrs. Macnamara, Miss Marshall, Miss L.
Marshall, Miss Coleman, and Madame Vestris.
To conclude with I.7ED UP.
Dress coxes, En.; Upper Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s ; Gallery, Is. Ne
lalf-price to any part of the house.

PRINCESS'S TIIEATIZ.K.
Mr. J. M. Maddox, Sole Lessee and Manager.
During the Itecess this Theatre has been re-decorated and embel.
fished In a superb and costly manner ty Mr llurwitz. A. new Chan-
teller has been fitted, and the best arranzt•ments have been raade for
the due Ventilation of the Theatre, and the couuort and conveilence
of the audience.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
Under the Patronage of her Majesty the Queen, his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, &c.
Mr. Batty respectfully announces that he has entered into an en-
gagement with the celebrated American Equestrian Young Hernan-
dez, who has just arrived in this country, and whose talent has
gained for him the title of the first rider in the world. He will make
his first appearance on Monday, March sth.
THIS EVENING,
the curtain will rise at a Quarter to Seven o'clock precisely to the
magnificent Spectacle, by Fitzball. entitled
CORA SCO ; or, the Warrior's Steed.
To be followed by an inimitable display of SCENES IN THE
CIRCLE, supported by the first Equestrian talent of the day.
To conclude with a romantie Melodrama.
Box-office open from Eleven till Five.
Stage Manager, Mr. W. West.

THE WEATHER.

SUN OFFICE,
WEDNESDAY EY Z WING.

Since three o'clock the Barometer has gone down 15
points, making the depression since yesterday afternoon
78 points—nearly an inch. It has rained heavily all
day; and now, half-past six, the wind has gone round
to N.W. to N., with a heavy fall of snow.
THURSDAY, MARCH 1.

THERMOMETER, Lowest, 31; Highest, 47; Noon, 42.

BAROMETER, 29.80.
A rise of half an inch since last night.
WIND N.N.W.—fresh breeze, and find.

111011 WATER AT LONDON BRU)OE.

Tsui DAY —Morning, 3 min. after 6 I Evening, 25 min. after 6
To-Moasow— ,tornina, 52 mis. after 6 I Evenin7, 19 min. after 7

to herself the title of Protector over the principa-
lities, Russia laboured boldly and arrogantly to effect
their total disorganization. She deposed Prince
Gums. For what ? Because he had vigorously
suppressed the insurrectionary movement of the Bul-
garians in the Wallachian harbour of Braila, in op-
position to the wishes of ncuoLAs ! She suspended
the Legislative Assembly for three years. And why?
Because, forsooth, it had objected to resign to a
company of Russian speculators a monopoly of the
mines of the principalities She violated the electoral
laws. She bound the ecclesiastics of Wallachia
under atrocious penalties to obey the synod of
the Russian capital. She ordained by ukase that
the revenues of the monasteries of Wallachia
should henceforth be given to the recluses of the
Holy Sepulchre. She expunged the language of
Wallachia from the system of public education,
substituting in its place the idiom of France. And
as a crowning barbarity, she took advantage of the
opposition which was manifested in the course of last
summer against Prince STUEZO, sending into Moldo-
Wallachia one General DUHAMEL in the capacity of
' Russian Commissary. DUHAMEL was shortly after-
wards followed by the Turkish Commissary, TIALAT
EFFENDI. Under the iron rule of those two men
the principalities felt more painfully than
ever the horrors of foreign despotism. Their
laws, whether written or traditional, were
set at naught ; their correspondence was
opened ; their journals were denied the power of
publication ; passports from the interior were refused ;
the fright not only of public but even of private
meeting was abolished ; the whole country was
ground down remorselessly under the heel of
despotism.

Suffering from these calamities, abhorring the yoke
imposed upon them by the Autocrat, abandoned to
their evil destinies by Turkey, and incited to some
vigorous effort for their own emancipation, the
Wallachians—by virtue of a right which will after-
wards be shown to be theirs, the right of choosing
for themselves their own Constitution—on the 23d of
June, 1848, peaceably modified their fundamental laws
by a grand national manifestation. The event was,
in fact, a revolution ; but the revolution was bloodless.
Like the French in February, the Wallachians in
June rose to accomplish their emancipation, and in
the very act of doing so evinced a magnanimity, a
gentleness, and a moderation worthy of the glorious
example of their prototypes. Scarcely had the reign-
ing Prince accepted tke new Constitution, when,
driven from his position by the remonstrances of the
Russian Consul, he was compelled to sign his abdica-
tion. The management of affairs was consequently
entrusted to a body of patriotic statesmen who consti-
tuted what is termed a Provisional Government. On
receiving intelligence of these extraordinary occur-
rences, the Porte at once dispatched a Turkish army
into the Danubian principalities, that army being pre-
ceded by SULZYMANPAcHA as Minister Plenipotentiary.
Although denying the right of the Cabinet of Con-
stantinople to interfere in their domestic transac-
tions, the Wallachians hastened out to meet the
ambassador in a friendly spirit, and had before long
fraternized with the very troops which had been
dispatched against them from the Bosphorus.
Events soon proved that SIILEYMAN PAcHA
was endowed in a remarkable manner with
those conciliative abilities which were espe-
cially requisite to smooth away the existing difficul-
ties. He speedily induced the revolutionized Wal•
ischians to replace the Provisional Government by a
Princely Lieutenancy, consisting at first of six and
afterwards of three members; he himself recognising
the legality of this new system of administration in
the name of the great potentate of whom he was
the officially-appointed representative. From these
facts it will be at once perceived that the proceedings
of the Wallachians were as strikingly marked by mo-
deration as the proceedings of the French had been
four months previously, and that they were both of
them disposed to repudiate equally the doctrines of
communistic, in opposition to those of moderate and
rational, democracy. As a sufficient testimony of the
reasonableness of the Wallachian revolution, it is only
necessary, indeed, to refer to the fact that the Sub-
lime Porte, in the person of his plenipotentiary, for-
mally recognised their new Constitution, after having
suggested a few unimportant modifications.

0.-- -e
fortune has again turned upon the Danubian princi-
palities. First came the famous manifesto of the
Emperor NICHOLAS relating to 3floldo-Wallachia.
Then came the recalcitration of the SULTAN—the re-
cal of SULETMAN PACHA—the violation of the fron-
tiers by the Russian troops under General LUDER—
the massacre and sack in the city of Bucharest by the
Turkish forces under FUAD EFFENDI—and the deso-
lation of the whole country by the tyrannous bar-
barity of the Russian Commissary (DUHAMEL) under
the maskof the pretended lieutenancy of CONSTANTINE
CANTAIUZENE.

Such have been—such are the calamities which
have befallen, which are at this very time befalling
the noble-hearted and unoffending Wallachians. For
having presumed to aspire after the enjoyment of a
perfectly :constitutional government they have been
trodden down—they are now being trodden down—
under the heels of the despotic Sovereign of all the
Russies. And, from the peculiarity of his position,
the SULTAN is unfortunately compelled to do violence
, to his own principles and inclinations by joining in
these arbitrary acts of the Autocrat. It has been ex-
pressly acknowledged to the Wallachian deputies at
Constantinople, that the Divan would forthwith pro
test against the entry of the Russians into the princi-
palities if it were only seconded by a single one of
the Great Powers of Europe. It will be well and
honourable for England if she assume to
herself the honourable privilege of rescu-
ing the Wallachians from their oppressors. For
the only crime of Wallachia has been her love for
constitutional freedom. That she possesses the right
of perfect independence, and that she has, conse-
quently, the incontestable right of self-government,
is easily demonstrated. Her independence is gua-
ranteed to her, and to her sister province Moldavia,
by the capitulations made by the Wallachians with
BAJA ZEIT I. and MAHOMMED 11., aid those capitu-
lations continue up to the present day to form part of
the public law of Europe. Russia, it is true, claims
the right of acting as a Protector (I) or Arbitrator,
but Russia claims this upon invalid grounds, seeing
that the Wallachians have never once treated with
the Russians. On the contrary, in all their
treaties with the Turks, the Wallachians
have reserved to themselves the sacred right of auto-
nomy and an entire sovereignty. On the 23d of
June, 1848, they only availed themselves of these
rights to perfect their system of government with a
new constitution. For this they are now groaning
under the double and almost unendurable pressure of
Turkey and of Russia. England can relieve them ;
she can relieve them by extricating the Sublime Porte
from a false position. Let her do so in GoD's name
Liberty and independence are as dear to the Walla-
chians as to ourselves. Let not the patriotic diplomatist
(D. BRATIANO), who is now in London on a special mis
sion from the Princely Lieutenancy, return to his un-
fortunate country only to witness its further degra-
dation. The countenance of a different policy is alone
required from England to enable Turkey to negotiate
a satisfactory settlement of affairs in the Danubian
principalities. It is for this that Wallachia now raises
to us her bleeding hands, and calls to England for as-
sistance:, Shall she die like Poland ? We ask that of
the generosity of our Government.

The law of lunacy has, for some time past, at-
tracted a considerable share of public attention.
Numerous; complaints have been put forward, and
unhappily with but too much foundation, of the
hardships that have taken place, the cruelties that
have been enacted, under the existing law. At the
present moment the law may be set in motion by a
mere stranger, unconnected with the alleged lunatic
by any ties of consanguinity or friendship, and
that stranger may cause him to be placed
in close confinement in a lunatic asylum,
upon obt.eining the separate certificates of two
medicaly practitioners that they have examined
the patient, and believe him to be insane. No
further e:xamination takes place, no additional in-
vestigation is required. A man may be deprived of
his freedom and incarcerated for months, and if the
certificates are not defective in form, however erro-
neous they may be in fact, no remedy is afforded to
him. Fle may, possibly, succeed in attracting the
attention of the Commissioners, or of the Justices,
during sorm) of their eying visits, and if the

case is free from the slightest doubt, he ma `a
be fortunate enough to obtain his liberation
after a few additional weeks or months' im-
prisonment, during which his condition is by no
means ameliorated in consequence of his appeal—
a pretension to sanity being as high a crime and
misdemeanour in the eyes of the keeper of a lunatic
asylum as OLIYI3It TWIST'S application for more
than the prescribed dietary allowed appeared to the
horrified BUMBLE.

But even slight as is the protection afforded to the
alleged lunatic by the existing law, experience has
shown that the separate examinations are frequently
dispensed with, that parties are deprived of their
liberty before any examination whatsoever has
taken place, the certificates being obtained from
" skilful persons, of eonvenient consci-
ences, who are called on "en route"
to the asylum, and who form their opinions partly
" from the accounts received respecting the patients
li from the parties by whom they are called in." Such
are the means by which a party may be deprived of
his liberty in this boasted land of freedom, in the
middle of the 19th century.
But reforms are required even in the cases of the
more fortunate minority, who have been found to bo
lunatic under commissions de lunatico inquirendo,
issued from the High Court of Chancery. There
must, in these cases, be at least some foundation
for the charge. Each party must be examined
before a jury of his countrymen, and pronounced
not merely to be of unsound mind, but also to be in-
capable of managing his own affairs. It might be
supposed that no abuses could occur where so great a
guarantee existed. Many cases might, however, be
found in which doubts might well be entertained as to
the correctness of the verdict of the jury, and, conse-
quently, of all the subsequent proceedings'; for all
those proceedings must be erroneous if the jury were
mistaken in the opinion they had formed respecting the
state of the parties mind. It frequently happens
that the person chiefly interested, whose sanity and
competence to manage his own affairs is the question
at issue, is without professional assistance, that the
only legal practitioners engaged are those who have
been retained by the parties suing out the commis-
sion, and who are deeply interested in obtaining a
verdict of lunacy. The object of the inquiry,
strong in the belief of his own mental ability,
scarcely considers it necessary to take any trouble
to rebut what he himself regards as a most
absurd charge. Too late he may find that he
had formed an erroneous estimate, that trifling
matters are put forward in a new point of view, totally
different from anything that could have entered into
his conception, and he may in vain deplore the negli-
gence of which he had been guilty, and desire that
Professional assistance which might hare given a very
different complexion to the entire affair.
When found a lunatic, it is a matter of the utmost
difficulty to obtain a supersedeas of the commission.
The patient, supposing him to have been actually in-
sane at the time, when the verdict of the jury pro-
nounced him to be so, may subsequently be restored
to perfect sanity; but how is he to make that sanity
apparent. How can he be restored to the full pos-
session and enjoyment of his property, and placed in
the position of a free citizen, subject to no control or
annoyance of any description. Certificates of the
most eminent physicians may be obtained as to his
perfect recovery. His most intimate friends—men
cognizant of the customs and habits of his earliest
youth, by which apparent eccentricities may be ex-
plained and reconciled—men whose station in society
and unquestionable characters render their testimony
perfectly unexceptionab'e—may aver, their full belief
in his competence and still difficulties all but insu-
perable may interpose to prevent his full release.
Why, we ask, should not such a person have a right
to demand a new inquiry as to the state of his mind
before a jury of his countrymen, whenever a prima
facie case can be made out, and he can pro-
duce the evidence of unexceptionable witnesses
in his favour. Certificates of two medical practi-
tioners almost wholly unknown—who have ac-
quired no rank in their profession, who have had no
experience in lunacy cases, and whose evidence, con-
sequently, would not carry with it much weight be-
fore any jury—are sufficient to brand a person as a
lunatic, and to justify an imprisonment far more
.trinizent and less tolerable than any inflicted in our
gaols or houses of correction. The affidavits of six
of the most eminent medical men—second to none in
Great Britain or in any nation of the universe, who
have had peculiar opportunities of acquiring know-
ledge respecting cerebral diseases, who, in fact,
possess European reputations—may be sworn re-
specting the perfect sanity of the party, his full com-
petence for the management of himself and of his
pecuniary affairs, and of the propriety of his being
restored to his property and liberty; and such evi-
dence, apparently so conclusive and overwhelming,
may possibly be rejected, and not considered suffi-
cient to entitle the party to a new investigation
before another jury, in which he might be assisted by
competent advisers. While such things are possible/
it cannot be said that the law of lunacy is in a satis-
factory state. Additional protection must be afforded
to the unfortunate persons suffering under, or rather
alleged to be suffering under, so grievous an affliction.
The rule, " a lunatic once, and a lunatic for ever,"
must be got rid of. It cannot be endured that a man
whose will would be established and considered of
full validity before any tribunal, who would he held
answerable, even with his life, for any criminal act
he should happen to commit, should for ever be de-
barred of his freedom, or compelled to remain an
exile from the country which he had selected as his
future home—a country
.which never denied hospi-
tality to any claimant, rich or poor, prosperous or
unfortunate.

Let, then, the protection afforded by trial by jury,
that protection which is said to be the birthright
of every British subject, be extended to alleged
lunatics, whether certified to be such by " skilful
persons," or found to be so under commissions de
lunatic° inquirendo ; and let new trials be granted as
a matter of right, ex deitto justitie, whenever
reasonable grounds can be brought forward to show
that the party has been restored to the full possession
of his senses, and is now of sound mind, competent to
manage his own property.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The whole of the articles of the Electoral Law were
yesterday passed by the National Assembly.
The Patric, the organ of M. DROUIN DB L'HUYI,
the Minister for Foreign Affairs, declares that the
movement operated by the Austrians, at Ferrara,
makes it necessary for France to move in the affairs
of Italy, and to assume an attitude on that question
worthy of the place which she occupies in the front
ranks of Catholic nations. The hydra of demagogie,
it says, has raised its heads in Italy, and threatens
Europe. The Austrian movement makes it necessary
that France should at once resolve to inter-
fere in favour of the Porn : and it calls on the
PRESIDENT of the Republic to imitate General CA-
VAIGNAC, who immediately prepared to fly to the as-
sistance of the Pora, when his personal safety was
threatened.
It was expected that M. DROUIN DE L'HUTS would
yesterday announce to the Assembly that the Aus-
trians had evacuated the town of Ferrara, and had
confined themselves to the citadel.
The National, in commenting on the Austrian
invasion of the Roman territories, declares that the
time has arrived when intervention in the affairs of
Italy has become a duty on the part of France ; not
intervention in favour of the POPE and in concert
with Austria, which would be for France a disgrace-
ful abdication of the leading position which she holds
among the powers of Europe, but intervention against
Austria, who has violated a friendly State by her
iniquitous occupation of Ferrara, from which, if she
does not immediately retire, she must be driven at
the point of the French bayonets.
The Presae has the following " communication "
(which may be considered as a semi• official declara-
tion of the intentions of Austria) on the subject of
the occupation of Ferrara by the Austrian troops :--
" The Cabinet of Vienna has in several occasions ex-
pressed its determination not to intervene in the affairs
of Italy, unless conjointly with France. The military
occupation of Ferrara is an isolated fact, which does not
imply the project of
that in spring, intervention. It may be remem-
beredlog, 1847, a grave discussion arose be-
tween Austria and the Holy See, on the question of
deciding whether,
in virtue of the treaties of 1815, the
Imperial troop
had a right to occupy the town of
Ferrara, or ought to confine themselves merely to
the occupation of the citadel, thanks to the me-
diation of Franc©,
an arrangement was come to
in than month of August following between the two con-
tracting' parties, in this sense, that Austria, under all
reservation of her rights for the future, consented to

withdraw her troops temporarily from the interior of the
town, on condition that the Papal Government gua-
ranteed to the Imperial troops quartered in the citadel
the free exercise of their military functions, and such
treatment as would respond to the relations of friend.
ship existing at that period between the Court of Vienna
and the Sovereign Pontiff. Since the commencement
of the Lombard war, the Austrian garrison of Ferrara
having had to complain of the hostile spirit which the
population of Ferrara did not cease to manifest towards
it, two successive conventions were concluded between
Austria and the Holy See, for the purpose of maintain-
ing in force the arrangement of August, 1845. The first
of these was signed in July, 1848, between the Austrian
General Prince de Lichtenstein and Count Lovacehi,
pro-Legate of Bologna, and some months later it was
confirmed and amplified by stipulations come to at Ro-
vigo between General Weldon and the Cardinal Legate
of his Holiness. We have no necessity to speak of the
sanguinary collisions which are well known to have
taken place of late between the Austrian garrison and
the population of Ferrara. Marshall Radotzky, looking
on it as a systematic violation of the arrangement and
the conventions just spoken of, charged General Hay-
nard to demand satisfaction from the local authorities,
and in order to support his representations with energy,
General Haynard brought with him a division of 6,000
men. Such is the real meaning of the military occu-
pation of the town of Ferrara—an occupation which, it
cannot be denied, will probably have the result of
causing Austria to again bring forward her pretensions
of keeping up a garrison in the interior of the town,
on which subject she made her reservation in August,
1847. _

The Meniteur states that a mistake in the issue of
the cards of invitation was the reason why the mem-
bers of the Diplomatic Corps were not present at the
religious ceremony celebrated in the Church of the
Madeleine on the 24th ult. " That mistake," adds
the 3loniteur, " had been repaired, but having been
discovered too late, it was found impossible to inform
all the members of the corps diplomatique in time,
that seats were reserved for them in a special tri-
bune."

-The same journal states that several abortive
attempts were made in the provinces to create disturb-
ances on the 24th February.
L. A. BLANQui has addressed a letter to the editor
of the Peuple, dated "Donjon de Vincennes," on
Monday, in which he states that on Sunday last, the
last day allowed by law, he was served with a copy
of the depositions taken against him, but that he has
not received a copy of the indictment on which he
is to be tried. The consequence of such neglect, he
adds, will be to render all defence impossible. The
object of the prosecution, he says, is to enable the
Royalists, while they are sacrificing in the name of
the Republic its oldest defenders, to overthrow that
same Republic against which they are conspiring in
the face of the country.
The Memorial Bordeleis, of the 25th instant, men-
tions the passage through Bordeaux, on the 24th, of
General ZARCO DU. VALLI, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary of Spain to the Northern
Courts, on his way to Madrid.
The club of the Rue de Poitiers, in consequence of
the split between the Legitimatists and Orleanists
has abandoned the plan of forming an electoral com-
mittee. The Legitimatists complain much of the
manner in which they have been treated by M.
"nuns and the Orleanists. Although unlike their
ancestors, the Legitimatists may have forgotten
much, yet, like them, they have learned nothing, or
the experience of the last twenty years would have
taught them that no trust could be reposed in an
Orleans or an Orleans Minister.
The bustle and turmoil of foreign politics do not,
however, render the French inattentive to those re-
forms which are required to ameliorate the social con-
dition of the great bulk of the industrious and com-
mercial classes. The Journal des Debats, for instance,
in an admirably argued article calls for a reauction
of the postage with foreign countries, more particu-
larly with England. It says—
" The postage of letters from abroad has become ex-
orbitant since the adoption of the uniform rate. Why
is a letter from Paris to London charged at 1 for the
minimum, while the postage of a letter in England is
one decline (one penny) and two deciwes (four sous) in
France? This exaggeration, instead of iiivouring the
reciprocal receipts, can only have a contrary effect. The
journey from Paris to London is only twelve hours. It
is evident that if the correspondence be not clogged by
too high a postage, the interchange of letters between
these two great metropolitan cities, aided by peace and
order, will become immense."
The case of Count MORTIER came on yesterday
for judgment before the Court of Appeal. The Ad-
vocate-General entered into an elaborate examination
of the facts brought forward in this case by both
parties, and concluded by submitting to the Court
that the interdiction on the Count ought to be re-
moved, and his liberty restored. The Court, after
half an hour's deliberation, gave judgment, in which
it laid down that, though the different acts alleged
against Count Mowrizst showed that he gave
way to great violence, and to unjust prejudices
against different persons, yet that those acts were
not sufficient to prove that his mind was permanently
diseased, and that, as to the hallucinations under
which he had laboured, they Arisen, not
a ueratigement of the intellectual faculties,
but from a nervous crisis. With respect to the sus-
picions of the Count against his wife, the Court held
that, though they might at times have amounted to
wildness, yet they did not form a fixed idea, and were
followed by repentance; that as to the scenes between
the Count and his wife at Berne, LaVillette, and Bruges,
they arose not from madness, but, as the Count had
stated, " from the resistance of the wife in the most
intimate relations authorised by marriage ;" that the
scene at the Hotel Chatham found a logical explanation
in the fear occasioned to the Count by the scandal of
the threatened demand by the wife for a separation de
corp., and that, even during that scene, he had never
seriously intended to kill his children ; and, finally,
the Court laid down that the interrogatories before
the judges, and the explanations given by the Count
himself before the Court, show that there now exists
no point on which he does not express the calm judg-
ment of a man in possession of his faculties, and
capable of soundly appreciating the morality of his
acts. For all these reasons the Court quashed the
judgment against the Count, discharged him from the
condemnations pronounced against him, and ordered
that he should be immediately set at liberty.
The Echo du Midi of Montpellier of the 23d pub-
lishes a letter written by CABRERA to a friend, in
which he states that he is cured of his wounds. The
letter is dated St. Jarnie, the 15th. The Eclaireur
des Pyrenees, of Bayonne, of the 25th, states that
CABRERA had resumed the command of a band of
insurgents.

The Journal du Peuple of Bayonne, of the 25th,
says that the Madrid mail, which ought to have ar-
rived on the 23d, had been stopped near Burgos by
an insurgent band, who burned the vehicle and its
contents : but did not injure the conductor or the
passengers.....__

BOURSE—PAms, WEDNESDAY, FEB. 28.
THREE O'CLOCK.—The speculators have recovered
from the fright into which they were thrown by the
news received from Italy yesterday, and the Funds have
consequently risen 1 per cent. It is thought that the
King of Sardinia will ultimately take back Gioberti, and
that he will agree to send troops to the assistance of the
Grand Duke of Tuscany. This was the day for the
reponse des primes. They were declared for the Five
per Cents. at 811. 90c., and for the Three per Cents. at
50f. 20e. It was after the declaration of the primes
that the Funds rose. The Railway Shares are firm.
Exchange on London (30 days), 25 20; ditto (90 days),
2501.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE. FEB. 21.
Anglo Italian (late Italian and Austrian), I..4.—Bon-
logne and Amiens, o%—Central of France (Orleans and
Vierzon), 12% Luxembourg 2—Namur and Liege, 8%—
Northern of France, 9% Orleans and Bordeaux, 31—
Paris and Orleans, 3214—Paris and Rouen, 204—Paris
and Strasbourg, 3%—Rouen and Havre, 121/2 Sambre and
Meuse, s%a—Tours and Nantes, 214.

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