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ADAINIsTIZAT lON t'W JUSrtic

COMMITTEE, GUILDHALL

The following Report and Suggestions were received
and ordered to be printed, on the last day of meeting.
The Corporation will probably am-Ay to Government on
the subject.
REPORT AND SUGGESTIONS OF CHARLES PEARSON,
ESQ., CITY SOLICITOR, RELATIVE TO JUVENILE
OFFENDERS.
To the Worshipful th Committee of the Corpo-
ration of London, in relation to the Adminis
tion of Justice in the Mt.tropolis.
Gentlemen—ln obedience to your commands, I ha, e
the honour to transmit to you a written sketch of the
suggestions I made viva voce, when last before your
Committee, wish a view to the repression of crime in
the metropolis.*
I admit that in taking the extensive view of the sub-
ject which I have done, I lay myself open to the remark
that the Legislature of the country is more properly the
body to whom such observations ought to be addressed;
I apprehend, however, that a Committee of the Cor-
poration of London, especially appointed to consider all
twitters in relation to the Administration of Justice
in the metropolis, cannot be justly charged with exceed-
ing their legitimate functions in endeavouring to trace
the sources of crime, with a view to the suggestion of
some practical remedy for an evil generally supposed to
be greatly on the increase.
If the lively interest the Corporation of London, as
members of the community, have ever felt in the wel-
fare of the whole body affords not motive sufficient to
stimulate such an inquiry, they may be reminded that
out of their corporate revenues, in lieu of a county-rate,
they have to maintain the prisoners and to defray the
expenses of the criminal jurisdiction of the principal part
of the metropolitan district within the range of the
Central Criminal Court , and, in the absence of a
better motive, the Corporation may fairly be influenced
by the direct pecuniary interest they have to promote
any measure calculated, by repressing crime, to diminish
the expenses which they are now by law compelled to
sustain.

Extensive practical experience as Under Sheriff, and
a long and attentive consideration of the opinions ex-
pressed in the following pages, lead me to speak with
considerable confidence on the subject : as, however,
some of my suggestions appear in a novs I form, I have
to request (should the Committee be of opinion
that they are of sufficient weight to be reported
to the Common Council) that time may be al-
lowed me to work out the details with more at-
tention and care than I have yet had to bestow upon
that part of the subject. As I consider the whole of my
time the property of the Corporation. it is to trw p
, a matter of indifference as to the leirticuler
litusieteis to which each portion is to be applied ; there
ere, however, presto; engagements at this season of
the year more immediately connected with the primary
functions of my office, which cannot be postponed, while
the long vacation seems to afford a convenient space
for the performance of other (lurk& which are not of so
pressing a nature. The statistics of crime and pope,
letiote and of other facts end 'circumstances bearing
upon His question, and which it is absolutely necesqlre
to conFutit, are diffused over so many bulky publications
and voluminous Parliamentary returns that, I shall re-
quire a considerable length of time for their re-pre usal,
before I can feel myself justified in quoting the flees
' they disclose, or even, in a public document, in referring
to the arguments they supply. If, therefore, the Com-
mittee desire a further communication on this subject,
I must crave a lengthened adjournment to enable ma
to comply with their wishes.
It appears to be admitted on all bands that one of
the leading causes of the increase of crime in the me-
tropolis is the enormous amount of youthful delin-
quency with which our streets abound. The necessary
exposure of property in a crowded metropolis affords
great temptation to the children of the poor to
enter upon the career of crime, from which they
seldom recede ; and juvenile offenders unchecked
become the material of which our hardened crimi-
nals are composed. In deliberating, therefore, upon
the beat means of repressing crime, it appeared to me a
matter of primary importance to consider whether it
was not possible to diminish the number of Juvenile
offenders, and thus attack the evil, as it were, at its very
fountain head. As the knowledge of a disease is halt
its cure, I addressed myself to the consideration of the
causes of the increase of youthful delinquency, amongst
which the following appeared the most prominent.
1. The want of education amongst the children of the
I lower classes.—ln the term education I include not
merely the knowledge of reading and writing, or even
religious instruction, but also a system of moral and per-
sonal discipline, to which children born under better
circumstances are subjected in their early years.
2. The want of, parental. care, correction, and con-
, te?t,,..hieb arc enjoyed by the children of persons in a
better situation in life.—lt is exceedingly difficult for
parents who are engaged in daily labour for daily bread
to find time properly to discharge their duties to their
offspring ; and experience proves that of those who have
the means, numbers neglect it, and others actually
tempt their children to the commission of crime, that
they may relieve themselves from the obligation as
parents to maintain them.
3. The want of settled employment.—The absence
in the metropolis of manufactories, which abound
in many large towns, and afford work for the young
people of both sexes, renders it exceedingly dif-
ficult for the parents of the poor in Lon-
don to obtain employment for their children : from
the want of early habits of industry, habits of idleness
are engendered, from which it is difficult to wean them
when of age to pt ocure regular employment.
4. The chances of escape from the punishment due
to petty eff•nees uffurd another motive to ertui,e,-- In
regard to children this often arises from the
coinieisseration sad sympathy entertained fur their yeutli
end unprotected condition, as well as from the indiipo-
&itioe 7:hich persons feel to sacrifice time end money in
tb:or prosecution : from thos) causes chiltiren caught in
111,, eee of ceaunittini, depredations often escape with a
hoe on the ear, a hqrse-whipping, or a good scolding,
when, if a better system prevailed, persons would
deem it their duty to app'y the remedy of the law to
the effectual suppression of Le evil, by the suitable
correction of the offender.
The vices contracted and confirmed by confine•
mete in prison leave in the ;„'outlfai
hopes of retermation.—;-The discipline of gaols 11,1E4 Been
ur:queminably greatly improved---a prison is still, Low-
ever. a nursery and school for erime--elassification,
However minute, cannot prevent the evil of mutual con-
tamination—the offences and circumstances of no two
criminals are in all things alike—thence they mutually
learn of, and teach to, each ether, new practices ac-
cording to their respective proficiency in crime, and
encourage and confirm one another in every vicious habit.
6. The disgrace which, under the present system, in-
fallibly attaches to an individual tried before a criminal
tribunal, or committed to a criminal gaol, adds to the
amount of crime by adding to the difficulty of reform.--
The early stages in the career of crime are generally
marked in childhood by acts of dishonesty to gratify
the indulgence of some childish appetite. If children
of wealthy parents, who at school rob orchards and tur-
nip fields to wanton with their well-filed stomachs, had
to pass through life with the brand of a criminal
Conviction upon their foreheads, we should have,
I fear,- .to speak of the great increase of crime in the
higher as well as_the lower orders of the community ; the
fact is, that in sehools such youthful offenders
get corrected and reformed by means which neither
blast their character nor destroy the spirit of the inch-
vidual in after life ; whereas amongst the children of
the poor, their first offences are often the necessary pre-
ludes to confirmed crime, by the impossibility a criminal
conchtion creates of their ever recovering their lost
reputation.
7. The practice of summarily convicting, and award-
ing to young offenders a short imprisonment for a small
cffetice, in my opinion, tends to increase instead of
diminishing crime. The period is generally sufficiently
long to subject the individual to all the evil influence of
contaminating associations, while it is too short. to be
employed in the improvement of his morals and habits
by inch:atrial discipline, or to qualify him to get a living
on his discharge by teaching him an useful trade.

Tile foregoing observations naturally Fuggest that

the reasons I have assigned for the increase of juvenile
ti linquency are correct, the remedy to be applied
should be of a nature suited to the causes of the evil.
I submit the following suggestions to the consideration
of the Commttec.
1. The encouragement of education, partieularl3
that dcecriptiou of education v•hich is founded upon
and identified with religious instruction, and which cm-
braces as one of its principal features the industrial
training of children in useful pursuits. The liberal do-
nations of the Corporation to charitable schoollsesa-
blished by Christians of all denominations, cleary prove
that they are not insensible to the itnpafan of thit.
object. It has appeared to me that a sum o money
object. distributed, by way of bounty upon the est
bliihment of independent schools, conducted by quart-
. fled persons upon well-approved principles, would do
much to extend 'the advantage of a sound education,
and induce a better qualified class of persons to become
the teachers of youth in the middle and the bumbler
orders of society. It would be, in my opinion, the
means of doing mone good, with less money, than ny

The following sun estions were first made by me in
1836, vdicn, in my ein the C,)mmon Council, I
Om
moved the appointment of .the Committee to wliQut this in.
quill has been confided.