The Sun.
London, England, 1840-03-17 00:00:00

114 AW LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
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ee•trt.e•-ts, betweco the hours of Ten and Three o'Clock.
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GEORGE FITZPATRICK, Actuary.
13th March, 1840.. •

JOINT STOCK BANK Co.MITT—: are
EE..
oCo,ron
Imittee ofc De-
authorized to state that at a meeting of the
unties from the Joint Stock Bankers of En
, Wale anti
riland, which was held yesterday at tche, office of the I'rovinciaf
Bank of Ireland, Broad-street, it \a
that the interests of the note-issuing Joint StockYßraenlk°s in
1"'l
E;l44;:a-ud•and Wales will not be sufficiently repre;ented in the
ConAnit:?e of Inquiry about to be nominated by the Chancellor
of the Ex:thcqueir in the House of Commons, and a letter was
ace written to him by the directions of the Committee
of Joint mat Bankers, requesting that he would nominate
Cis- rtegivald Blet4itt, 31. P. for Moninouth, and Mr. Edward
Tarim, M.P. for Truro, as two additional Members of the
sail! Committee of Inquiry.

LONDON:
TUESDAY, MARCH 17, 1840.

In the House of Lords petitions were presented on
the subject of the Scotch Kirk, which is i❑ a state
directly opposite to that Christian quiet which be-
seemeth a Godly Church. The Earl of ABERDEEN,
in presenting a petition, praying that no alteration might
be made in the law of patronage, said that he had re-
ceived a number of letters from Scotland, remonstrating
with him for having advised delay, which he had never
done. He hail only said that he was more afraid of
precipitation than delay. Viscount MELBOURNE reite-
rated his assertion that Government was not prepared
to say what course it would adopt. The Government
would come, however, to an early determination, and if
it declined to bring forward a measure it would state so,
and leave the field open to any Noble Lord who chose
to undertake the task. We apprehend the Government
will not meddle further with the matter.
On the motion of Lord LONDONDERRY accounts
were ordered of all the money paid to Spanish refugees
since 1823, and of all monies and supplies sent to Spain
since the last return.

The Bill for promoting Vaccination went through a
Committee, after some conversation as to leaving Ire-
land out of the Bill—which was not, however, assented
to—and as to inserting a clause to prevent inoculation
under a penalty, by persons who have not been regu-
larly bred up to the medical profession, which was as-
sented to, the Marquis of NORMANBY undertaking to
prepare such a clause. The Bill will facilitate
vaccination, impede inoculation, and prohibit it by all
but. medical practitioners. We did not know
that it was now extensively practised by any other
persons, but the Bishop of LONDON assured their Lord-
ships " that in agricultural districts of the country there
had not been for many years past the least difficulty in
obtaining vaccination gratuitously, but many of the ig-
norant poor were strongly prejudiced against it, and
paid much greater attention to empirics than to the
advice of the clergy." So, when the Bishop is thrown off
his guard, or has a purpose to serve, he admits that the
guides and governors of the agricultural labourers, their
teachers,'friends, and protectors, the poor man's pastors,
have not as much influence in agricultural districts,
where their influence is greatest, as a cow-leach or a
horse-doctor. Yet we are told that the salvation of the
people must come from the hands of the clergy
Some other business was transacted which is as
briefly given in the report as we could state it. At
Six their Lordships adjourned.
The Commons did not assemble in sufficient numbers
to form a House, and were necessarily adjourned.

We hear continually from the Tory papers that,
under the Whig Ministers, the foreign policy of
this country has been improperly conducted ; that
England has lost her ancient allies, and not gained
new friends ; that the Ministers have plunged her
into difficulties, and endangered the general peace.
It occurs to us that those who make these accusa-
tions forget the past, and misrepresent the
present. We shall briefly, therefore, advert to some
circumstances before and since IS3O, and from
them will shine forth, we think, a complete vindi•
cation of Whig as contrasted with Tory policy.
From the peace of 1815 to 1830, the Holy
Alliance held the destinies of Europe in their
hands. Though not an ostensible member of that
Alliance, England united its policy with that of the
Allies, and did some of their dirty work. The
Tories could boast of preserving peace, but it was
by allying themselves with all the tyrants of Europe,
and betraying the people. Each Continental State
had then so many internal enemies in its bosom,
that a sense of common danger made all the Go-
vernments unite together, to keep down the
people; and the Holy Alliance, of which England,
under the Tories, was the instrument, was a league
of despots to crush the liberties of mankind.
It did not succeed. To the disgrace, indeed, of
England, she suffered Austria, if she cannot be said
to have aided her, to put down every spark of freedom
in Italy. She was supplicated for help and refused
it. She allowed Austria, without a remonstrance,
to consign the Italian patriots, whom her glorious
successes had placed under the House of HAPS-
B unGH, to the most gloomy dungeons.
She did even worse than this. She allowed the
Bounisoss,wholn her arm had replaced on theirjustly
forfeited throne, and who were held there by that.
Holy Alliance, of which she was, under WELLING-
TON and CASTLEREAGH, the degraded tool, toput
down the
esupplicated Eno Constitution of Spain. There again
patriots
re-
pulsed, and were sacrificedland for help, were
by a stupid tyrant of the
true BOURBON breed. England, contrary to her an-
cient policy, and contrary to her own welfare,
allowed a French army
to overrun Spain, and the
hero of the Trocadero seated FF,RDINAND the
Seventh on his throne, under the protection of
France.

That restoration,
usur-
pation of too,thceotohsrtointeled to the subsequent
usur-
.of Portugal, and the suppres-
sion of the
by
of Portugal. Thus, under
the Tories, and yththeir . aid, liberty was extin-
guished throughout)
Ttheirhree Day
Peninsula,
io
eninsula, and well nigh
extinguished in France.
Providence
ordered
mat-
ters contrary to their wishessteotft t
ji ounlsy.
The glorious Revolution of
the way to the
the ando
chainsof the Holy
Alliance, France loose from th
Alliance, and led
establishment of
free constitutions and independence in the kingdoms
of the Peninsula. Till the elder BourtnoN
expelled from France. lhe policy of
tho.ron.
es went
s were
to unite France, Spain, and Portu,al,
by a corn.
molt interest of despotism, undcr one Protectorate
or Sovereignty, to prevent which WELLINGTON
had gained so many victories, and shed so much
blood in the Peninsula.
We admit, then, that the Tories between 1815
and 1830 did preserve peace, but it was by uniting
with the depots of Europe to crush liberty
wherever she raised her head, and, to the lasting dis-
grace of the old hero of a hundred battles, his policy
—for he was an active agent of the Tories and the
Holy Alliance—went to undo all which his vic-
tories had done, and all for which his thoughtful
countrymen ever k 1 1
thou than worthy of praise.
1 The Whig Ministers succeeded to power on the

We find the following repetition of a very com-
mon fallacy relative to the cause of our present
dispute with China, in a leading article in the
Mornin-g- Chronicle of yesterday :
So long as the East India Company had the monopoly
of the trade with China, matters went on with tolerable
smoothness. But the change in the system, by which a
number of independent traders supplied the place of the
India Company, necessarily led to difficulties. The offi-
cers employed by the British Government have not the
same power over private traders that the India Company
had over their servants ; and, from the very nature of the
Chinese laws and usages, the irregularities of individual
traders expose the whole body of traders to imminent
danger.
The " smoothness" with which " matters went
on" during the monopoly of the East India Com-
pany would have been still more " tolerable" had
the power of that body over its servants, and the
consequent power of those servants over private
traders been as limited as that of the United States'
Consul at Canton over the trade of his Countrymen.
England has carried on a more extensive trade
with China for nearly two centuries than any other
country in Europe, Portugal not accepted ; and yet
England is the only nation of which the Chinese
have uniformly appeared jealous. The cause of
this is to be found in the political character as-
sumed by the servants of the East India Company
at Canton. They appeared there not as simple
traders, but as the representatives of merchant-
princes possessed of an immense empire on the
very borders of China. Instead of being mere bar-
terers of commodities, like the Dutch and Ame-
rican traders, the East India Company's servants
in Canton demonstrated more than once that they
had the power of a great and proximate empire at
their command, and that they were not indisposed
to employ it against China, in the event of a pro-
per opportunity. This begot a jealousy of them
and of their nation, in the minds of the Chinese,
which neither the Dutch nor the Americans at

Canton scrupled to increase by every indirect con-
trivance in their power. The assumption of politi-
cal iniluence in every part of Asia by the East
India Company was magnified on all occasions ;
and it was represented to the EMPEROR, that the
only way to restrain the ambition of the English
was to allow them no footing in the country, and
to take care to use them always worse than the
traders of other countries. This the Chinese
never failed to do ; and even in 1810, when British
ships of war were anchored in the Chinese waters,
Fu, the then Governor of Canton, compelled by
his firmness the East India Company to resume
the trade on the very same conditions which led to
its suspension—after first having insisted upon the
departure of the armed vessels as a necessary
preliminary to the sale of a single pound of
tea ! But when the East India Company's
monopoly was put an end to, and the
Government here resolved to send out a Superin-
tendent of the trade, the alarm of the Chinese au-
thorities became unbounded. The new " Barba-
rian Eye" they had heard was to be a man of high
rank, with functions wholly political—a sort of
Mandarin with power to dispute the pre-eminence
with Loo, the predecessor of LIN, in the " centre
of the flowery land." It must be admitted that the
first appearance of the unfortunate Lord NAPIER
in China was calculated to increase the terrors with
which the previous rumour had inspired the Court
and the Authorities. The words of his celebrated
counter- edict when prohibited access to the capital,
" Tremble, Governor Loo, intensely tremble I"
though amusingly ludicrous, excited no laughter
among the grave politicians of Pekin. Great, no
doubt, was their fright at first, but when they found
the maxims of those who urged them to such a
course apparently verified by the result, they grew
bold, and certainly they have since treated us worse
than they did before. It is too late now to think of
repairing our first false step. The Chinese enter-
tam now precisely the same idea of us that we do
of them. They believe us to be arrant cowards at
bottom, and that the proper way to keep us submis-
sive is to treat us with superlative contempt.
Our present dispute with China is, therefore, but
a legacy bequeathed us by the East India Com-
pany. Had the servants of the Comnany confined
themselves wholly to trade, and thus left us an ex-
ample, which our merchants might follow without
compromising, the national dignity, no dispute be-
tween us and the Chinese would have taken place.
But we have advanced too far to think now of re-
ceding, and to advance farther, with benefit to our-
selves and the Chinese, we must act with prompti-
tude and energy. To leave them again under their
old delusion as to our courage, would be to invite
the total destruction of such of our merchants as
may hereafter happen to fall into the power of the
Chinese. Before the trade can be placed on a
permanent footing ample satisfaction must be ex-
acted for the insults already heaped upon us.
This, however harshly it may sound, will prove in
the end the most humane proceeding that can be
adopted. We have already witnessed the effect of
half measures in the case of the firing of the Vo-
lage upon the thirty Chinese war junks. On
that occasion Captain SMITH could have sunk the
whole of them, but in tenderness for those on
hoard allowed twenty -four to escape. What
was the consequence ? Why a fl,,„i„t2;
edict from Governor LIN to Admiral KWAN, iii
which, alluding to that event, he says :—" Our
valiant troops returned their fire with a noise like
a thunderbolt, upon which the foreigners routed
and dispersed, returned again to Tseem-shat-snv,
where they cast anchor." Of this edict a copy
vas, of course, forwarded to the EMPEROR ; and
thus, because greater execution was not done, the
defeat was converted into a victory. From
Kw AN'S proclamation,
which we regret we have
not here room to quote, it is plain that he at
Last was no stranger to the real facts of the case.,
Though
" flying with the swiftness of an arrow
to bring destruction upon the wicked, KWAN'S pre-
emulation is that of an officer not at all in a hurry
to draw his sword. But, that he may he less so, it
is of the utmost importance that the course
now taken by our Government be followed up
vigorously. Above all, now is the time to insist
upon the establishment tradeof with some other
part of the empire, as well as with Canton. When
we have convinced China that everything is to be

dreaded from our power and cur resentment, it
will be time enough to let them understand that
everything may be expected from our justice and
generosity.
_

The Paris Journali of Sunday give the details of the
proceedings the day before in the nine Bureau's of the
Chamber of Deputies, on the appointment of a Com-
mittee to report upon the Secret Service Bill. They
are not calculated to allay the apprehensions we ex-
pressed as to the continuance of the new Ministry in
office. In the first Bureau the Cabinet was represented
by M'LEoN DE MaLeEvILLE, the Under Secretary of
State for the Home Department, who, in answer to
M. DE LAMARTINE, only spoke in general terms of the
good intentions of the Ministry. This was not all re-
lished by the Members, and even M. GARNIER
PaoE•:s admitted that he felt no more confidence
in the present Government than M. DE LA-
MARTINE. The result was the defeat of the Mi-
nisterial candidate in this Barcau, and the elec-
tion of M. De LAMARTINE. In the second Bureau
M. VIVIEN, the Minister of the Interior, when called
upon to explain the policy of the Government, impru-
dently answered that a Bureau was not the proper
place for Ministerial explanations. This answer put
the Members out of humour, and was the cause why
here again the Ministerial candidate was defeated by a
majority of one vote. Had the Minister of Justice
pursued a more conciliatory course he would
have triumphed by a very considerable majority. M.
VIVIEN has not the tact requisite for conducting the
business of a popular Assembly, which is ever capricious
and ready to take offence. In the third Bureau
Ministers triumphed. The Cabinet was represented by
M. DE REMUSAT, who made the fatal declaration that
he would not only not support electoral Reform, hut
that himself and his colleagues would oppose it if
brought forward. It is not a little strang,t that M.
()DILLON BARROT, who wag present, spoke and voted
for the Cabinet. Whether M. ()DILLON BA/tELOT'S
votes are influenced of late by the regard of the
Court to the personal interests of his brother, we
•.gill not pretend to determine. M. TIMERS him-
self was present in the fourth Bureau, and though
lie made a tolerably long speech, we confess that it
puzzles us to make out his meaning. He adopted, to a
great extent, the domestic policy of his predecessors,
but differed from them on foreign affairs. No man in
France, nor even in Europa, knows better than M.
TIMERS how to ring the changes on a few unmeaning
words, so as to produce an effect by the sound only.
Of this he gave the fourth Bureau an ample proof on
Saturday. The only thing explicit in his speech was
the following paragraph, which he read from a pro-
gramme which he had laid before the KING when in-
vited to form a Cabinet. It means no more than M.
THIERS adopted the old juste milieu system, providing
for the day as best he could, and trusting to the chapter
of accidents rather than to the strength derived from the
growing influence of well defined fixed principles, for the
means of extricating himself out n: every difficulty
" The Chamber is divided into three fractions ; should
two of them join each other they would overturn the Go-
vernment. Two of these fractions must form an alliance,
or the intermediate fraction must attempt to govern by
calling to its assistance the moderate men belonging to
the other two fractions.

" The first combination appears at first extremely natu-
ral, but the heads of the two parties, M. Mole and Thiers,
would forfeit all public respect were they to form a coali-
tion. Besides, the left centre would not follow M. 'niers
if he joined M. Mole. The only thing that can be done is
to form a Cabinet from the left centre, and to seek the
support of the moderate men of the other fractions ; but it
is certain that this should not be done till the last ex-
tremity, and when no other combination remains prac-
ticable."

We have given enough of the proceedings of the
several Bureaus, or Standing Committees, to indicate
pretty clearly the policy of the Cabinet. We confess
that it has greatly disappointed us. We expected
from the 'VIERS' Cabinet a declaration very different
from that of hostility to electoral Reform, an intention
not to abolish the September laws, and a desire to effect
a fusion of men of all parties, to support a new justc-
milieu Administration. M. TI setts understands the
art of climbing to power by the aid of a popular ladder,
but when he has achieved the dangerous etoinence, his
head becomes so giddy that he forgets that his safety
consists in drawing it up after him, so as to be able to
descend again at any moment without endangering his
neck. We had imagined that his last ignominious
tumble, which it required a sort of honourable exile to
Italy to make his countrymen forget, would have taught
him wisdom ; but it appears that we had been unmind-
ful of the little discretion to be expected from over-
weening political vanity when exposed to the blandish-
ments of a Court.

The following extracts include the only additional
intelligence in these Journals
FRENCH AFRICA.—The African correspondent of the
Sufi of 'Marseilles of the 1 lth inst. states that Abd-el-
Kader has now under arms a military force of about
24,000 men, with four pieces of artillery—viz., 2,000 in-
fantry and 1,000 regular cavalry, under his immediate or-
ders ; 3,000 regular troops, in the cast of the province of
Algiers, commanded by Ben Salem, and 5,000 in the
south-west, under the Kalifas of Medeah and Miliana ;
8,000 men (infantry and cavalry) in the province of Oran,
under the Kalifa of Mascara, and between 4,000 and 5,000
more, under the command of Boumedi, the Kalifa of
Tlemecen. The Emir will not succeed in enlisting under
his banners a number of combatants from among the tribes
residing along the line which the Freoch expedition will
traverse, and thus he will be able to bring into the field be-
tween 30,000 and 40,000 men.
The Eclaireur de /a Medderranee of the 11th instant,
announces that the expedition against Cherchell had been
put off for a fortnight, in order to give time to the Prince
de Joinville to arrive in Algiers and take the command of
the flotilla destined to operate against that place.
POLISH EXILES.—The Wilna Gazette publishes a pro-
clamation, addressed by the Emperor Nicholas to the in-
habitants of Lithuania and the adjoining Governments, in-
informing those who had participated in the insurrection
of 1831, and had ever slime remained concealed within
those Governments, that his Majesty granted them a full
amnesty on condition that they present themselves before
the authorities in the course of three weeks, that is, from
the 27th of January to the 17th of February last. The
individuals who should not come forward within that delay,
and might subsequently be apprehended by the police, to-
gether with the persons who afforded them an asylum, wire
to be tried and punished with all the severity of the laws.
We have news from Arragon of a very late date--
Cabrera, whose health is rapidly recovering, has arrived
at Morella, where he has been received with the greatest
enthusiasm by the inhabitants and Governor of that city.
From the details which have reached us. it appears that
independently of the garrison left in different places,
Cabrera is able to put in motion 20,000 infantry, 3,000
cavalry, and 90 or 100 pieces of cannon.
An expedition detached from the army of Arragon, and
which is composed of 6 or 7,000 men, has entered Casten&
under the command of the brave Brigadier General
Arnans, ft is said that he intends to penetrate into An-
dalusia. This is a circumstance which will seriously em-
barrass the Christino Government, which is still contend-
ing at Madrid against the irritation produced by coatinuing
the state of siege.—Gazette de France.
SARAGOSSA, MARCH Pi —All the 16-pounders which
have been brought to Muniesa, the head- quarters of Es.-
partero, have been forrarded to Lecera, whence they are
to go to Castellote. The heavy artillery to be employed
in the siege was to leave Maniesa on the 7th, and it was
said that Espartero was to set out at the same time.
The fort of Segura is going to be blown up. The
holes for the mine have been already made, and 90 cwt.
of powder are destined for the operation.

Pants, MARCH 15.—The filo;iiteur of this morning pub-
lishes the circular addressed to the Prefects by the Mi-
nister of the In:erior on his entering upon Ilia office.--Le
Commerce,

Neither Royal menaces nor promises can overcome
the obstinacy of the Hanoverians to abide by the Con-
stitution of 1833. The Grand Master of the Orange
Lodges and pensionary of the people of England, and
his man of all work, Von SCHELE, are at present in a
sad pickle. Tile Corporation of the capital of the
kingdom has, by a majority of thirty.two votes to four,
declined to elect a Deputy. Stade, the head-quarters
of the State pirates on the Elbe, has, followed the ex-
ample of Hanover by7a majority of eighteen votes to
twel7e ; and Embden, by a majority of twenty-three
votes to s:.:ven., has adopted a similar resolution. To
add to the perplexity of the KING, the blindness of
the Crown Prince, which is greatly increasing, has
obliged the Cabinet to send to consult Privy Councillor
EicxlloaiN!,:, at Berlin, respecting
the succession, as the
KING, with his accustomed good nature, is most
anxious to exclude the succession of collatcrals, which
of course would lead to the appointment of a Regency
during the life of the Crown Prince, or at least the
minority of his children, should his Royal Highness
ever have any. If the Crown Prince he judged in
capable of reigning,
it would be a simpler, and we ar
confident a more popular course, as regards the people
of Hanover, to confer the Crown upon Prince GEORGE
of Cambridge. The popularity of the Duke of CAM-
'MUDGE as Viceroy of Hanover is a gratifying earnest
of the reception that would await his son ; and though
this subject has never
before been mooted inthc colurons
of a Newspaper, we deem it not unworthy of the, at-
tention of Hanoverian Statesmen,

HAMBURG BOINENH A LLE, :Simms( 13.
Bills. Money.
% 14i
Austrian 5 per Cents.
Bank Shares,
1091/4 11,9
An.,10-Ittissian Lo;). ...................
Russian:, per Cent. Ist series, C)otilieate
Inscription, Ist S,ria,
Russian 5 per Cent. H •and Co, I;t1 and 4th
5cri;5........... "
Ditto in
................
1045, 104
Dutch ...dual Debt, ‘2 Per Cent
Difto ..................Pi Cr Cent
MON') Bondi ......
115 144
New ickct ....................................... ...... 1,5%
Ani,du-Datiish Loan, 3pc . ..... ................... 74•74 71%
Norwegian Loan, INI4, 4 )er Ccnt.
8, anis:), New 3 per Cents! .................... 12.3%
LXCHANC:Es 0,7 LONDON.
ilmslBl.lllll, 24 A nen 1;1_1% 7'l/4,, _TWO months, 13 514.
CI MURCIA:IIA, M ARCH t.—Three months. 4 10.
Purcusatmwn, 3lAncu a Two mouths, 39 IS pence
ER EMEN,
HOLM. IMAncu 6.—Sev"nty-tive.days, 12. 2.
A USTR/AN FUNDS.-..VIENNA srAncn 6.
109% rive per Cents. Mctalli nes
For.r per Cents. q 101%
Three rr Cents.
MARt II 10 —Tr -inontlis, 615.
"'Sank Shams .....................................
Zitung, March 11

The marriage of the Duke of Nemours is not to
take place till alter Easter.

Great North of England Rail
Great Western Railway
Ditto New Shares
Gospart Junction Railway
London and Brightose
London and Blackwall Rail%
London and Greenwich Rail
North Midland Railway

Tway 44
66

.
ray 24
way
ilway
.•••• ...

We beg to call the attention of the Government,
and, if not tno late, of the Military Commission, to that por-
tion of the Army Lieutenants on half-pay, those without any
distinction, who, should they be called into activity, would be
entitled to the extra Is. a-day. Surely the Government
might afford these gentlemen at least the additional sixpence, if
not disposed to take into consideration an increase of pay gene-
rally. Few can imagine the hardships many poor reduced Sub-
alterns of both grades are put to in a country like England,
where :he common necessaries of life, however scanty and
humble, arc frightfully extravagant. That men of strict honour,
of education, imbued with the sensibility of gentlemen, several
highly distinguished in their profession, and who are precluded
from many occupations, should be placed in the scale of a daily
labourer in their finances, is hard, very hard ! ! An ameliora-
tion of their position would be even honourable to the Service ;
for poverty is demoralising in its effects upon minds weakly
constituted; and that some men, formerly of respectability in
their corps, should now be shunned, is full evidence of the bane-
ful result of neglect and indifference. In France and other
countries an officer en retruite might establish himself in any
low calling; but, happily, higher notions have been taught to
pervade the Naval and Military men of Great Britain and Ire-
land.—Naval and Military Gazette.
THE RECENT DISCOVERY OF SKELETONS
ST Nurtser.Es.—The following historical details are of some
interest in connection with the discovery of these relics of an-
tiquity 1093, Robert, Abbot of Citeux, in France, founded
the order of Cistertian nuns. Probably the convent at Nuns-
lees was not founded fur upwards of a century after that period ;
it was, however, in existence in 1339, when the Scots were de..
feated at Halidown, near to which the Conventual Church
stood, the damage done to which was repaired, and 201. per
annum granted to it, by Edward 111. ; he, it would appear, 4s-
erthing his victory to divine interposition through the prayers
of the pious sisterhood. In 1539 Henry VIII. dissolved all
monasteries. It is therefore evident that the skeletons lately
discovered belonged to bodies interred before that time, and
must have been buried upwards of 300 years.