The Sun.
London, England, 1841-08-04 00:00:00

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF AIR. OSBALDISTON.
Last week of " Susan Hopley !" in consequence of the unpa-
ralleled novelty and attraction which will be produced toge-
ther on Monday next.
THIS EVENING, AUGUST 4,

The splendidly successful Domestie Drama, in Three Acts, of
SUSAN HOPLEY ! OR, THE TRIALS AND VICISSI-
TUDES OF A SERVANT GIRL !

William Dean, Mr. E. F. Saville ; and Susan Hopley by
Miss Vincent, th• accepted Heroine of Domestic Drama.

- After which,
WOMAN'S LOVE! OR, KATE WYNSLEY, THE

COTTAGE GIRL.

Wilford Clitheroe, Mr. E. F. Saville ; Hugh Wynsley, Mr.
James; Hollyhock, Mr. Gardner; Scaresbrook, Mr. Seaman;
Kate Wynsley, Miss Vincent.
To conclude with,
BLACK EYED SUSAN.

William, Mr. E. F. Saville ; Gnatbrain, Mr. Gardner ;
Jacob Twig, Mr. Paul ; Doggrass, Mr. James ; Susan, Mrs.
W. West.

Boxes, 2s.—Pit, ls.—Gallery, 6d. Half-price to the Boxes
only, at Half-past Eight.
To• morrow, Susan Hopley, Woman's Lave, and Black Eyed
Susan.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
The WIZARD of the NORTH, the great Mysteriarchist
of the Nineteenth Century, is nightly performing his ambi-
dextrous prestidigitations and extraordinary dexterological feats,
calling into action all his wonderful powers of cabalistic phe-
nomena and visible delusion, which he has performed for Se-
venty Nights, before One Hundred and Five Thousand of the
Elite of the Metroi olis, and still continues to attract hundreds
nightly.
The HARMONIOUS YOUTHS have made a decided hit
—their " merrie peals" are nightly encored. This extraordi-
nary mnsieal phenomena is allowed by the thousands who last
week heard their "sense-enslaving" harmony, to be a wonder
and a treat to the musical world. They will appear every
evening between the parts of the Wizard's performances, and
perform a variety of popular airs and glees.
Boxes, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, Is. 6d. ; Gallery, 6d. Second Price
at Half-past Nine o'clock. Boxes, is. 6d. ; Pit, Is.
Places for the Boxes may be taken from Mr. Swinburn, at
the Box-office, between Eleven and Four.
Parties are respectfully informed, that as the Dress Circle is
nightly crowded, an early application is requisite.
N.B. Private Boxes, containing six persons, I/. ss. Doors
open at Half-past Seven ; the Wizard appears at Eight o'clock
precisely.

Half-price at Half-past Nine.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

W. H. is informed that the six weeks' averages which
govern the duty on corn are regularly published in

_ -
The Sun.
We should like to know the address of A. B. in confi

dente.

The recommendation of "An Admirer" shall be attended
to when the returns are completed.

THE

RAILWAY SUN

IS NOW PUBLISHING,
PRICE ONLY SIXPENCE.

tsIGH VVATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO.MORROW
M0ining......35 minutes after 3. f Evening ,8 minutes attar 3.

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LONDON :
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1841.

The Spectator of last Saturday contained an
article entitled " Legal Anti-Corn-law Agita-
tion," stating that it was doubted whether Par-

liament had the power to impose taxes for any
other purpose than that of raising a revenue for
• the State ; and the tax on grain being a tax to
enrich the corporate body of the landed interest,
the Parliament in imposing it seems to have ex-
ceeded its powers for a purpose bordering on
high treason. There has been some talk, it
was added, of freighting a vessel with grain
front the Baltic, and endeavouring to land the
cargo without paying the duty, in order that
the question as to whether the duty on imported
grain is a constitutional tax, may be argued be-
fore the Courts of Westminster. We do not re-
fer to the train of argument or to the suggestion
as a novelty, for both have previously appeared
in The Sun, hut to state what is going on in men's
minds that the Tories shall have no excuse, by
pleading ignorance, for the mischief their political
quackery will bring on society.
Our argument, indeed, was not that the tax is
unconstitutional, for the Constitution is to be
gathered from practice, and it has been the prac-
tice, beyond legal memory, to levy such taxes;
nor even that it is beyond the power of Parlia-
ment—for Parliament has done the iniquitous
act—but that it is a violation of the funda_
mental principle of society, namely, that alle-
giance is only due for protection ; that the pro-
tection of property is the principal duty of the
State ; and that the Corn-tax is a violation by
that power, which is constituted to prevent all such
violations, of the right of property in every per-
son who pays the Bread-taii. The suggestion
which has appeared in The Sun on the subject,
was not to appeal to WeStminster-hall, for
Westminster-hall is bound to obey and interpret
the statute law, and knows nothing of a Con-
stitution opposed to that, but to run the cargo
and appeal to the people, the source and foun-
tain of all human law. They, and not the
Judges, who are expressly forbidden to try or
question the decisions of Parliament, must de-
cide whether the law which taxes the whole
of the consumers of bread, in order to enrich
the owners of rent, be a law which ought to be
obeyed.

We refer, however, to this subject to leave the
Tories without any excuse for bringing the ques-
tion of the duty of allegiance and the question of
obedience to the law into discu,:sion.and doubt, by
Obstinately- maintaining a law which, on prin-
ciples of common justice and of political society,
is untenable. Such discussions, growing out of
the Corn-laws, have found vent in pamphlets,
and have now reached the cautious Spectator,
which tells us that it has heard such opinions,
and such a train of argument, more or less dis-
tinctly enunciated from different quarters. Peo-
ple begin, therefore, very generally, driven by
the obstinate adherence of Parliament to a bare-
faced scheme of plunder by law, to examine the
power, rights, and duties of Parliament itself.
For society such an inv,;stigation can have
none but beneficial effects. The more accurately
the powers and duties of Parliament are de-
fined., the more general becomes the conviction,

if correct and true, that the bounds to its bene-
ficial exercise of power are very narrow, the
better must it be for the community. But we
are induced to think that such a course of inves-
tigation will be perilous to Parliament, because
the practical exercise of its functions by no means
accords with any recognized theory of govern-
ment.

We cannot suppose that the last Parliament
was more deficient in legislative capacity than its
predecessors of fifty, or a hundred, or five hun-
dred years ago but the criticism continually
directed against its acts and character must satisfy
every man that its laws—if they should last so
long—must be very mischievous a hundred years
hence. We do not reverence its decisions, and how
can we expect that our successors, who will have
much more knowledge than we have, should do
otherwise than overturn and lanh them to scorn?
The public is of opinion that it has not done what
is right, and the public of the next generation
will not obey its laws.

We treat the laws of former Parliaments in the
same manner. It is one of the remarkable cir-
cumstances of modern times that every inquiry
into any particular branch of law, whether
the criminal, the civil, or the ecclesiastical,
whether made by individuals like Mr. BENTHAM
or Sir SAMUEL RomILLy, or made by Commit-
tees of Parliament or Commissions of Inquiry,
have one and all ended in the conclusion—not
sparing the Church, which was investigated by
Sir R. PEEL'S Commission—that the law or in-
stitution inquired into was erroneous or defec-
tive, and required revision. That conclusion,
general as to our own laws, few or none of
which are considered to be based on justice, is
rendered still more striking and general by a si-
milar conclusion having been adopted in other
countries. During some ages blind and besotted
revezence of ancient institutions was the creed of
politicians; of our own age it is a remarkable cir-
cumstance that they have all been exposed to a
close scrutiny, and upon that scrutiny they have
one and all been condemned. Those who ex-
pect to maintain bad laws in spEte of that gene-
ral principle, must suppose that they can turn
back the course of society.
Such a general fact should make our Legisla-
tors adopt as a principle of conduct that the
rubbish of ancient and worn-out laws should be
gradually cleared away. The reverse is the con-
duct of the Tories. They profess a determina-
tion to preserve them all. They call themselves
Conservatives, signifying hoarders and guardians
of law-rubbish; and. they avow a determination
to maintain laws that are manifest violations of
all the principles of political society. Now we
must solemnly warn the Tories that they cannot
continue to do this without placing in jeopardy
the whole fabric of political society. A majority,
however numerous it may be, cannot carry them
safely to the end of such a career. The united
declaration of all the Parliaments that ever ex-
isted cannot make, wrong right, or make men
reverence evil ; and the proposed attempt of Sir
ROBERT PEEL and the Tories to uphold mono-
poly will end, if he be successful in Parliament,
in speedily overthrowing the authority of Par-
liament itself.

Why the Tory Journajs delayed so long as
August 2d, to notice a dinner given by Sir JAMES
GRAHAM to the electors of Dorchester as long
ago as July 22d, we can not tell, but we presume
they were ashamed of the renegade. Sir
ROBERT PEEL'S empty piece of twaddle was
published with express haste, but not a single
reporter from either Times or Post was sent to
report what Sir JAMES said; and our Contempo-
raries were indebted for his meagre speech to a
provincial journal. They hardly treat their third
hero fairly, by wholly consigning him to a pro-
vincial paper, and not publishing his oration for
ten days.

We regard Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S speech as
worth very little notice. He pointed out that
the Ministers had been defeated in some manu-
facturing as well as in agricultural districts, and
that their scheme of a fixed duty on corn had
not been favourably received. The Right Hon.
Baronet also defended the Corn-laws against his
own former and bitter attack on all such laws,
and, knowing the weak powers of his own argu-
ment, he was successful against himself. The
Tory and monopolist GRAHAM, defeated the
Whig and free-trade GRAHAM, he being no ex-
ception to the general rule, that when men are
young they are ingenuous, and prefer truth to
interest, and that as they advance in life they
get corrupted by the world, and prefer interest
to truth.

There is only one passage of his speech that
we think worthy of remark. The. Right Hon.
Baronet said " that more was expected from
human legislation than it could accomplish," " if
it was expected by human laws to provide for
Providential calamities." He also said, that "to
pretend to make a country altogether indepen-
dent of the evils arising from an insufficient
supply, was the pretence of quacks and empirics."
" He would have man look with humility on all
the efforts of legislative wisdom, and look up for
reliance on him who is the giver of all good."
Such is the language ascribed, to Sir JAMES
GRAHAM; what is his conduct and the conduct
of his colleagues?

They insist by their laws on providing
against Providential calamities, and the pre-
text of the Corn-laws is, that it secures the people
in the long run against them, by bestowing on
the people a greater supply of food than Provi-
dence would bestow, if Sir JAMES GRAHAM were
not to interfere with its dispensations by that
kind of legislation which proceeds from quacks
and empirics. They pretend, also, to lessen the
evils of one country being dependent on an-
other, though that is the result of the wisdom
of Providence, which he tells us to rely on,
and is opposed to his separating, anti-social, anti-
human legislation, which he in the same breath
tells us is no better than foolishness. It is a
pity that Sir JAMES can no more be consistent in
pronouncing two consecutive sentences, than in
discussing a subject at two periods of his life.
In one sentence he tells us to rely on Provi-
dence, and in the next he vaunts to the skies
the miserable drivelling of the landlords, which
aims at perverting the order of nature and the
mutual dependence of nations.
Accord;

.ording to report,
has proposed to raise a
tijr oo or dp
oFf 1 1.17 A
eNoCmI Sa
nEr
yo :u T
readyo ri
to meet some expected resistance to the laws.
The gentry and the
Tory Journals pretend to be
apprehensive of danger to the upper classes of
society, and they take precautions and make
laws to ensure their Own
safety. In the
Perpetrate on the lower
pretend to dread. They
mean-
time, however, they
naturallyPo .dou2bles classes the very evils they
Opuurlcaonmonmunuintydeisr-
exterminate the people.
circumstances. It
favourable circumstances,
it-
self every twenty-five years.
placed under most favourable
is the complaint of the Tories that "our produc-
ing power is too great." To our trade the whole
world, except as our own laws limit and restrain
it, is invitingly open. Our vast Colonies, to reach
which costs no more than to move a New
England family to the Far West, are as great a re-
source of unbroken and virgin soil for our people,
as is possessed by the inhabitants of the United
States. We surpass them, it is supposed, in
agricultural and manufacturing skill, and there-
fore are we naturally placed under more favour-
able circumstances than the United States, which
double their population every twenty-three years.
In our circumstances every short-coming of
the natural increase of population, the germ of
all social prosperity, must be set down to unjust
laws, which have for their effect, and very often
have for their object, to keep down the number
of the people. For example, the rough inde-
pendence of the poor Catholics in Ireland, has
long been a subject of bitter complaint, and ex-
ertions have been made by the landlords, as in-
dividuals, and in Parliament, to prevent their in-
crease. The landlords seem to have succeeded.
The population, instead of doubling in 25 years, the
natural rate, or even increasing 16 per cent., as

they did in the 10 years previous to 1831, have only
increased, according to an account published in
yesterday's Chronicle, at the rate of .5 per cent.
during the last ten years. In the county of Car-
low the population has decreased. We know,
then, by the result, that a process is at work by
which the people are prematurely cut off and
prevented from multiplying as fast as they ought,
and as fast as they would, were industry left en-
tirely. free.
If we could suppose that the check which the
increase of population ;has received, were accom-
panied with an improvement in the condition of
individuals, it might be endurable; but we believe
it to be a general law that as population declines
the condition of individuals becomes worse.
The inhabitants of the manufacturing districts
are rapidly falling into the most disheartening
poverty, and though they have not increased so
fast as at former periods, their condition has been
much deteriorated. We lately laid before our
readers the census of Paisley, from which it

appeared that the people of that town are worse
lodged in 1841 than they were in 1831. Of the
manufacturing districts in general, the Rev.

Baptist NOEL says—

" It is shocking to look down into the cellars, which
are tenanted by destitute thousands, in the poorer parts
of Liverpool and Manchester. The town missionaries in
these two towns, who, living entirely among the poor,
probably know more of their circumstances than almost
any other persons, not excepting even clergymen, assured
me last year that the distress which they witnessed in
visiting among the people was wide-spread, and intense
beyond description. flow could it be otherwise ? I saw
some mills closed, others were working half-time, and in
the store-rooms of several I saw immense piles of goods,
heaped up to the very ceilings, for which the manufac-
turers could find no profitable sale."

Thus misery is the check to the progress of
population, and the census, which tells us that
we are becoming stationary as to numbers, also
tells us that the condition of the people is*becom-
ing worse and worse. They are exterminated by
misery. They are even now the prey to those
very calamities which the upper classes pretend
to dread. In the meantime the landlords, the
guilty authors of more human misery than ever
was inflicted in our times by the most savage
despot, are everywhere employed in improving
their estates, enlarging their parks, and building
fine houses. The people decay and starve ; but
game is abundant.

The Paris Journals of Monday have all reached
us. The news of the French victories in Africa,
published in our Second Edition of last night,
created no sensation in Paris. Such successes
are in truth of very little moment in any point
of view. While every town garrisoned by the
French is blockaded by the Arabs, and all ex-
terior communication cut off, it matters very
little whether such garrisons be few or numerous,
or for what number of months they are pro-
visioned.

The Toulouse Correspondent of the Commerce
writes as follows of the state of affairs in that

city :

We are inundated with troops, but the Toulousans do
not appear much frightened by them. They are deter-
, mined to stand firm on the ground of legal resistance.
The census will not be taken without violations of domi-
cile, every man being resolved to suffer his doors to be
broken down rather than open them to the agents of the
Treasury. The preliminary inquiries are going on.
Some citizens have became accusers of M. Lenormand,
the late Commissary of Police Extraordinary, pretending
that they have legal proofs of a number of agitators hav-
ing been formed by him into brigades, with instructions
to shout A bas Mahul! A bas Plougoulm ! A has Humann!
It is further said, that by the same hands a charivari was
prepared for the arrival of M. Maurice Duval ; but this
trick of the police was defeated.
The Journal de Toulouse states that at the funeral de-
remony for the victims of July on the 28th ult., in the
cathedral of Toulouse, at which all the civil and mili-
tary authorities, including M. Maurice Duval, Lieute-
nant-General Rulhieres, and M. Nicias Gaillard, were
present, the Municipal Council, who had arrived without
any other escort than some officers of the National
Guard out of uniform, were treated by the crowd with
great respect. On their leaving the church the crowd,
which was composed chiefly of about 2,000 National
Guards in plain clothes, formed in line four abreast, and
followed the Council in silence to the interior of the
Capitole, where they took off their hats and defiled be-
fore them. M. Arzac, as Mayor ad interim, returned
thanks, and was frequently saluted with cries of "Vive
M. Arzac Vive le Conseil Municipal !"
A letter from Cagliari in the Courrier de Lyon
says :—" The - island of Asinara, a short distance from
the coast of Sardinia to the north of Capo del Falcone,
has been granted by the King of Sardinia to one of his
generals of engineers, to introduce such improvements
as it may be found capable of. This island is six leagues
in length, with the average breadth of three leagues. It
is inhabited by herdsmen, hitherto divested of all civili-
sation. They aae of an unmixed race., preserve all the
fine countenances of the south, and the women are re-
markable for the regular features which characterise the
women of the Campagna di Roma. Game, and particu-
larly partridges, which are abundant, form its chief
articles of commerce, and have given it the appellation of
the Island of Partridges. Porto Torres is the principal
market, where the vessels of the Mediterranean come to
carry on their traffic."
:Mlle. Rachel has arrived at Bordeaux.
4‘ On the 18th ult.," says a letter from Evreux,
when the rain did so much damage in this country, a
grove of firs, birch, and other trees, which stood on the
descent of a hill near Venables, having become detached
from the substratum by the flood, glided down into the
valley zed planted itself firmly on a fine field of oats,
which it covered so entirely that the farmer, on coming
next day to see what injury had been done to his crop by
the storm, was a long time before he could discover its
locality, and then found a part of his oats converted into
trees."
Bangui, a man condemned by the Court of Assizes
of the Loire Inferieure, to hard labour for life, for the
violation of his own daughter, was to have been exposed
in the pillory at Nantes a few days ago, but on entering
his cel2 to convey him to the pillory he was found dead,
having hung himself.
The Hague papers give the following painful ac-
count of the death of Mme. Rochussen, the young and
amiable wife of the Dutch Minister of Finance. She
had lain in a few weeks ago, but was still in a feeble
state, when her brother, whom she had not seen for ten
years, arrived from abroad. Intending to give his sister
an agreeable surprise, he entered her chamber without
even her knowing that he was in Holland. The shock
was so strong, that Mme. Rochussen was thrown into a
fainting. fit, which terminated in her death, before even
the Minister could be called from his cabinet to receive
her last sigh.
Extract of a letter from Corfu :—" Colonel John-
stone has joined his regiment, the 42d Royal Highlanders,
quartered here. This corps has a regimental library for
the use of the non-commissioned officers and soldiero,
which has been established since 1830, and generally
consists of from 1,500 to 2,000 volumes. It has been
carried about with the regiment at home or abroad,
without any difficulty, since its formation, and the sub-
scriptions to it have amounted to 1,0891., all subscribed
by the soldiers, with the exception of oae shilling per
month from each officer. The books are seldom used by
the officers, from an unwillingness to interfere with the
comforts of the men."
A letter from Athens, in the Leipzig Gazette, says
that the British Government has refused to accept M.
Trikoupis, as Greek Ambassador to the Court of St.
James's ; and adds, that Lord Palmerston has written
to the Greek Cabinet that the first duty of their Govern-
ment was to enforce economy, in order to be able to pay
the interest of the debt.
The Prussian State Gazette announces that the Em-
peror of Russia has conferred upon Major-General Abu
Musselim Khan Schamchal and Tarki, Sovereign of.
Buinak, Wall, and Thakestan, the decoration of the Im-
perial Order of Stanislaus the First, in acknowledgment
of the zeal and energy displayed by him in the war with
the mountaineers of Circassia.
The Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres
has proposed as subjects for prizes for 1842 the following
topics:—" The composition of the Roman tribunals, and
the administration of justice from the Gracchi to Ha-
drian. 1,500fr."—" The history and progress of the Greek
establishments in Sicily, 2,ooofr."—And for 1843, " The
history of Cyprus under the Primes of the House of
Lusignan, 2,000 fr."
The body of a young man, well dressed, was found,
the day before yesterday, in a fosse in the Champs
Ely-sees. As there was money in his pocket, and no
traces of violence appeared on his body, it is supposed
that he died suddenly, and was not murdered. He was
taken to the Morgue.
A Berlin letter, in the Frankfort Journal, states
that on tho afternoon of the 18th ult., the day of the
violent storm, which was felt in France, a phenomenon
of the same kind was witnessed in that part of Prussia.
The heat had been very oppressive during the day, and
the approach of the rain was preceded by a whirlwind of
dust. The direction of the wind was from south to
north. The rain tell in torrents, and the lightning was
exceedingly vivid. Several people were overthrown by
the force of the wind, and the damage done to trees and
houses was considerable.
rmeamnbUuriigi,on co Customs.
logne,
The King of Bavaria has proposed the establish-
ment of periodical exhibitions of the produce of the use-
ful arts in the several countries connected by the Ger-
m d HLiesipMsiacj,esastythsuegtogewstsnsßbeerslitn;niNteud-
for this purpose.
The Saxon Government bas revoked the order for
prohibiting the exportation of horses to States not form-
ing part of the German Customs Union.
—On Saturday (says the Commerce) the small cannon,
with the 12 o'clock burning-glass affixed to it, in the gar-
den of the Palau Royal, exploded for the first time dur-
ing 65 day-s. The wadding, as is usual when a piece
has been loaded for a long time, had become fixed in so
ein Sgal to on
the L iQtteuroatiidreien den e la
the
eente proposed were broken.change
tightly that the shock of the explosion was greater than
ordinary, and several panes of glass in the Cafe Cor-
razz_a
Acorancdthd