The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-19 00:00:00

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, JUNE 17.—CITY or LONDONDERRY.--The Re-
form candidate, Sir Robert Ferguson, will walk over the course.
COUNTY OF WEXFORD.-1 he Tory landlords put forward
Mr. Grogan Morgan, whom- Mr. Power and Captain Hatton,
gallant Reformers, oppose.
BOROUGH OF MING artsox.—Our Correspondent in this
borough announces the truly gratifying fact, owing to some
fatal default in the Tory registry, the Reformers have a deci-
sive majority. The total number of electors now qualified to
vote is but 86, of whom 46 are Catholics and 15 Liberal Pro-
testants—in all 61, %hien would leave Lord Northland and tht
Orangemen just 25 supporters. Under these circumstances
the return of a Reformer is a matter of certainty. The Li-
beral candidate will be declared in a few days.—Dublin Even-
ing Post.
COUNTY OF TIPPERARY.—We have extreme gratification
in announcing that the Liberals of Tipperary have completed
their arrangements for the triumphant return of two Re-
formers--Dublin Evening Post.
COUNTY or Suco.—Mr. 51'Donnell, of Doo Castle, is
spoken of as the Liberal candidate. There never was so fair
an opportunity of wresting this county from the grasp of the
Orangemen.—Dublin _Evening Pest.

Both Houses of Parliament are adjourned till
Monday, although it was intended that the Lords should
meet to-day to facilitate business. That was last night
rendered unnecessary. On Monday there will be a
Commission at three o'clock, to give the Royal assent to
an immense number of public and private Bills, namely,
about 150, the largest number receiving the Royal assent
at one time within the recollection of any one about the

Houses.
Heaven will help them that help themselves."
—The Whig Government and their friends allow themselves to
be frightened from the contest of many counties and boroughs
(when victory is almost certain) by the misrepresentations of
false Whigs, the per anal friends of Toris—Whig males with
female relatives, Tories,,s
create great mischief in the Liberal
caw, and the most active agents against the Government are
the Tory underlings filling the public offices in Whitehall.
SUDDEN DEATH.—On Friday evening the
servant of Mr. D. Sheppard, on going to call him to attend to
his duty, that of Inspector of the Temple Police, was surprised
at not finding him in bed, and, supposing he had left to go to
business, she was
retiring from the room, when, stumbling
against something, it attracted her attention, which was the
body of the unfortunate man, with a brush in his hand, as if
he had been brushing his clothes, quite dead. He was well
enough in the morning when he left duty. He was very much
and deservedly respected by all who kgew him.

REFORM OR REVOLUTION.
TO J. B. SMITH, ESQ.
LEICESTER, JUNE 15, IS4I.
Six,—l have frequently seen your name in connection with
the Anti-Corn-law League, and have been delighted to read
your spirited addresses upon the repeal of that iniquitous and
diabolical law,
I have read with pleasure many suggestions and schemes for
carrying cut your political designs, yet none have appeared to
me sufficiently to show to the working classes of this waning
country the de,troying, starving., and killing influence of a
continuation of this wieked impost, and the paramount im-
portance of its repeal.
This country will shortly labour under the excitement of a
general election ; thorpy, Sir, the proud aristocrat with his
unjust protection, Weedier with his deluded dupes, and the
tyrannical oppressors of our country will array themselves
against the honest and fair manufacturer, and the mental
powers, genius, and na,ural talent of the great and principal
producer of our country's wealth—the workingman.
I like, in all speculations, to know pretty well (at any rate
to have• an idea) what ground I stand upon, in easel am
called to sustain a loss, where I expected a decided gain; and
it is the same with me in the coming struggle. 1 want to
know, Sir, what is the decision of the Anti-Corn-law League,
in ca,e a majority of such men are returned to Parliament as
will attempt afresh to tax, and still further to eppress, anti
ultimately to crush, " the people, the only source of legitimate
power."

Considerations as to your future steps ought now to be
earnestly and zealously entertained. Don't be secret in your
intentions ; give the strong advocates of class legislature a fair
chance of getting up a defence against the mighty phalanx
which you, Sir, as the Chairman of the body alluded to, could
assemble in twenty-four hours. There is a moral power, Sir,
against which Britain's sword will never be unsheathed ; and
we have arrived at the crisis when, either we must strike the
blow at m:nopoly, or the blood-bespattered flag of revolution
will be hoisted in our streets, and our families will be hushed by
the dagger or the knife into the deep and dark oblivion of the
night of death.
As a proof we have arrived at this crisis, let me invite your
attention to your own immediate neighbourhood; look at these
vast buildings—your factories—if not altogether, nine out of
ten partially standing still; see the commercial distress which
pervades every manufacturing district in Great Britain, and
then look at the vast masses of our fellow-creatures, as they
proceed in fearful armies to the union houses for relief against
actual famine, and for shelter to hide them from the pitiless,
pelting storm of a proud and overbearing aristocracy.
Bid every member of your praiseworthy band to take a dis-
trict ; bid him leave his home, his own fireside, his wife, his
children, and his friends, but not his country : bid him stand
by his Monarch in the hour of distress and difficulty, and urge
them unitedly to raise their banner, bearing this inscription
as their motto—" Peace on earth, good will to man."
We are all prepared to join your ranks, to nail our colours to
the mast, to surround the throne, and to declare
" Wh le we've a hand to save,
Her foes shall harm her not."
You, Sir, on this great and momentous question posseas
more power and influence than any man in the empire besides.
You possess more of the confidence of Your fellow-men than
any warrior that ever entered the field of battle—because you
are the commander in a moral war, a bloodless revolution, a
univeral strife for the recovery of right against wrong, and of
justice and mercy against tyranny and oppression. You are
destined yet to be the honoured instrument in the salvation of
your native land. The storm is gathering thickly—darkly—
the hour is near at hand—the drums beat—the cannons roar—
the enemy is not far in the distance, and a mighty, firm, de-
termined, resolute stand, would now avert the calamity which,
without it, hangs over our head. Commerce is resting on her
oars, all the nations of the earth are now anxiously looking to
the hour when England will assert her right—when every
"bread-taxed slave will rise and shake off the chain which
has bound him to the earth. Property has made a stand,
and pauses ere she lisps her last " farewell !" Alachinery lies
dormant, a mass of lumber, waiting the result of our struggle,
ready either to sleep for ever, or to rise once more in active
energy and exercise at your call.
With these things before you, Sir, I want to know whether
you are prepared to he proclaimed the restorer of your coun-
try's rights or not. To you we are all looking—our ear is
heavy with listening for your call—call, and we'll respond with
a voice of thunder that will wake the dead.
I am no advocate for extreme measures except in extreme
cases. The Reform Bill was an extreme case, and this is an
extreme case. lam no advocate for physical force, for I have
always been of opinion that the firm, determined, resolute, un-
armed man in the cause of truth is stronger than he who
brandishes the two-edged sword. Our God declares, that
" Cursed is he who withholdeth corn."
This question, Sir, is a proper question, a political ques-
tion, a financial question, a question for the poor man, and a
question for the rich, a moral and religious question ; there is
not a man, or a body of men, beneath the canopy of heaven
but can fairly and honestly entertain it. All religious commu-
nities, in my opinion, ought to do so, and, I have no doubt,
will, if recommended by you as the Chairman of the A. C. L. L.
The people of England, when united, are almighty, and
knowing their power often prevents them making me of it.
We hate tyranny, and therefore cannot, dare not, practise it ;
but let the summons come—let the mandate come forth now
the measure has emanated from the person of our dearly be-
loved friend, guardian, and Sovereign and let the manufac-
turers and merchants swear by the institutions and altars of
their country never more to open their mills and warehouses
until the measure, as proposed by Lord John Russell, shall
have become the law of the land.
Let this determination be entered into at Manchester.
London is prepared to follow, and no contradictory notes will
be heard from Birmingham, Liverpool, Sheffield, Hull,
Derby, Leicester, Nottingham. Yes ! fallen Nottingham
will arise from her sepulchre of disgrace, and join the si-
multaneous shout with every town, city, village, and hamlet in
the country. You will see our good and loyal borough of
Leicester as a star of the first magnitude amongst towns, and
' she will not be looked upon as a mean planet in the counties of
this great country.
And on that great holiday the war-song shall be,
Rise, Britons, arise, and proclaim that you're free.
Tell the proud haughty landowner what is your choice;
That your cry will be " Freedom," your watchword " Rejoice;"
That you'll spurn all protection, and none you will give ;
For your rights you will struggle—by your skill you will live.
1 am, Sir, your's obedientl, and truly,
A BREAD-TAXED SLAVE AND
A MANUFACTURER.

ADDRESS OF THE LONDON
WORKING MEN'S ASSOCIATION.

TO THE WORKING MEN OF LONDON AND THE ADVO-
CATES OF TIIE PEOPLE'S CHARTER.
Friends,—Associated for the attainment of Universal
Suffrage, and the acquisition of political knowledge, after
a lengthened period we again address you. Our long
silence has not been occasioned by any indifference to the
great principles we have heretofore advocated—the fiery
persecutions of the last two years have not shaken our
confidence in, nor diminished our ardour for, the speedy
triumph of political truth.
A very large expenditure in agitating for the People's
Charter had involved us in considerable debt ; we deemed
it prudent, therefore, to apply our means to the reduction
of the claims upon us, rather than incur fresh liabilities
by increased expenditure. Our members have not,
however, been individually inactive ; they have rea-
dily lent their assistance in any measures they
deemed conducive to the interests of the work-
ing classes, whether to raise funds for the support
of the families, to obtain an amelioration of. the infa-
mous treatment, or welcome to their homes the victims
of Whig persecution. Feeling from bitter experience
the want of places wherein public meetings of the work-
ing classes might be held, free from the exercise of un-
just authority or the excessive charges made for their
occupancy, they have seen with pleasure the proposition
to erect a Trades Hall, and have to the extent of their
ability, seconded the praiseworthy efforts of the projectors,
Relieved from the pressure of debt, we desire our As-
sociation to be again useful ; and we are encouraged to
hope, from the success which attended our earlier efforts,
that a renewal of them will not be wholly without effact.
We point to the past as the ground of confidence for the
future—to the meetings convened by the Association,
establishing as they did the practicability of working
men conducting their own meetings, unassisted by aris-
tocratic speakers or the attraction of titled chairmen—
to the various addresses and pamphlets issued by the As-
sociation—to the fact of near 400 working mens' and
other political associations being formed within a short
period, based on our published addresses and rules, con-
tributing as these did to the dissemination of political
truth, to the elevation and mental improvement of the
working classes.
The causes which led to the original establishment of
this Association still exert their withering influences—
the wasteful and extravagant public expenditure, the
enormous civil list, the disgraceful state of the civil and
criminal law, the obvious tendency of the present Legis-
lature and Government to establish a centralized de-
spotism by means of Poor-law Commissions, rural po-
lice, &c., the increased severity of the laws to fetter the
press, and in short the whole spirit of legislation to mo-
nopolise power and riches for the few, and to impoverish
and degrade the many—all proving the necessity for in-
creased exertion, until the rights of the people are
achieved and secured.
Believing that it is only from a knowledge of Fin-
discussions, nexpected, cte d,
similar
prin-
ciples and a conviction of their truth and importance
we
tshhaatusuesntdaienaevdouarndbyenergetic action ca
be x
lectures,
means of mutual instruction, to acquire and dessemi-
w
nate a knowledge of those subjects which
orkinmorcelasessepse-
cially affect the condition of the
convinced of their great importance in
creating
creating
public opinion, we shall, as often as we are enabled, con-
vene.
oom be
truth,
tlha means
andt
rtriumph
pmoafpchifiocN.ienrs formingr
vene public meetings in furtherance of our objects. We
t
recognise on gi •uoi s
wherewith
hoienfr themev
i thto disseminating
ao umme enn men's
oppres-
sion, little inferior to the press itself • and while we
should resist to the utmost any intended'fetter
and
power to
and destroy their influence, we cannot but regret that
continuous
and organized opposition should have con-
verted them from their legitimate purposes, to scenes of
ungovernable passion' resulting in disorder and violence.
We shall endeavour on subjects in which we differ from
other bodies of
trusting to the good sense of the majority for the results;
and as we believe that, looking at the various elements of
suffering and.poverty operating in society, a variety of
opinions may be honestly entertained respecting them,
we sincerely hope that all parties may see the necessity
of a more temperate expression of their opinions, so that
all who mean honestly may be found side by side in the
work of political regeneration.
The struggle now commencing between the landed
aristocracy and the great manufacturing and commercial
interests, demands the most watchful attention of the
working classes. We abhor monopolies of every de-
scription : that their destruction would eventually bene-
fit all classes, we admit ; that the abolition of the mono-
polies
a .
polies in food would benefit the bourmg e.asses, I%e
thatl these several believe ; but thinking, as we
do,
mo-
nopolies have their source in one master monopoly that
of legislation—we look, with unshaken confidence, to the
enactment of the just and salutary principles of the
the precursor to their destruction,
People's Charter as
free, just, and beneficent system of
and a prelude to
.a
festo. itself in the improved and bap-
g9vernment, maniWe are compelled to dis-
pier condition of. the peo
of the Government, and the prime
trust the sincerity
free-trade agitation, and
movers in the
present
limited
of their new-born sympathy th - for a suffering and starving
population • • the love of place in the former, and a dimi-
nution of profits in the latter, being, we conceive, the
parents of their zeal.
In the forthcoming elections, consequent on the rejec-
tion of the Miaisterial measures, we sincerely trust that

717T-7,fiT;iG itttiqow•

the Radical electors will exert th.enselves la 'favour of
hose candidates e.'ho will ;i‘;• the sutfr,tge. to the work-
ing classes ; feeling assured that a few men, ,who will
speak out boldly, will outweigh a host of professing Li-
berals, whose . sole Object is the support of an insincere
and pledge-breaking Whig Ministry.
We have no confidence in those men, who, to gain
popular support, pledge themselves to the repal of one
obnoxious measure, while they refuse to extend to the
working classes a voice in the formation of the.laws by
which their freedom is restrained, and the valt*of their
1 tbour diminished. The time is now auspicious for a,
grand movement in favour of our cause ; and we ear-
nestly hope that the small amount of political power pos-
sessed by the friends to the Charter will not be thr(own
away, in a bootless effort to give preponderance-to either
one of the contending factions ; but will be directed so
as to place a few honest, intelligent, and uncompromising
advocates in the House of Commons, there to assert the
rights, vindicate the character, and to expose the evils
endured by the working classes.
We further hope that electors and non-electors will
exert themselves to expose the system of bribery that so
extensively prevails, and to hold up to -public scorn those
candidates who, by the power of gold (it way be, wrung
from the people by the monopolies they have .created),
seek to purchase, in one day, from a section of the peo-
ple, the rower to plunder and oppress the whole for
seven years; that the voice of indignant reproof will be
administered to all such who, having obtained influence
among the people, barter it for a bribe, to their unre-
lenting and implacable enemies.
We finally entreat the working men of London to
arouse themselves. They have long tried the power of
association in preserving themselves from the cupidity
of employers ; let them now unite to protect . them-
selves frem the exactions of a Government, by demand-
ing to be admitted within the pale of the • boasted Con-
stitution. The advantages our Association offers are, a
library of reference megeneral and political science ;
the mums of obtaining information, statistical and other-
wise, on subjects connected with the well-being of the
working-classes. There are numbers of well-disposed
working men who desire the elevation of their fellow
men; we ask them to come amongst us, to...concentrate
their et,ergies ; so that, by numbers, intelligence, and
unity of action, we may be enabled to extends the in-
creasing amount of public opinion in favonr of the
People's Charter, as, concurrent with similar exertions ~
in all other parts of the country, will cause its triumphant
enactment, unaccompanied by disorder, anarchy, or
bloodshed.

Fellow workmen, we are, with an earnest solicitude for
he success of our cause,

THE MEMBERS OF THE LONDON WORKING
MEN'S ASSOCIATION.
COMMITTEE.
IT. MITCHELL. J. JENKINSON.
J. WATSON. C. BEARFIELD.
J. JAFFRAY. W. CAMPBELL.
J. LAW RENCF.'. .1-N. LAWRENCE.
D. BINYON. E. R. MITCHELL.
A. MILNER. J. NEWTON.

20, Hyde-street, Bloomsbury.

R. Moony:, Sec.

HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND.

The Select Committee appointed to inquire into the Con-
dition of the Population of the Islands and Highlands
of Scotland, and into the Practicability of affording
the People Relief by means of Emigration ; and who
were empowered to report their observations from time
to time to the House, have agreed to the following
Report . .
1. Your Committee having concluded their inquiry
into the subject referred to them, beg to
.state that the
following important facts have been established by the
evidence which they have collected for the information
of the House. They have divided their inquiry into two
branches ; first, as to the origin and extent of the dis-
tress which was said to exist in certain districts of the
country ; and, secondly, as to the practicability of afford-
ing relief by means of emigration. It was established
by the el idenee before your Committee that an excess of
population existed beyond that for whick.the country
could afford the means of subsistence, or furnish ade-
quate employment, along that part of the western coast
which includes portions of the counties of Argyll, Inver-
ness, and Ross, as well as amongst the islands ; and this
excess of population, who are fur the most part .for a pe-
riod of every year in a state of great destitution, was
variously calculated at from 45,000 to 80,000 souls.
2. Your Committee were informed that the famine and
destitution in the years 1836 and 1837 was so extensive,
that many thousands would have died of starvation had
it not been for the assistance which they received from
Government and the public ; that the sum of 70,0001. was
collected and distributed at that period in the shape of food
and clothing, and all the witnesses were of opinum that
this district of the country was liable to similar visita-
tions in succeeding years. _ _

3. Your Commiiteve are of opinion, that the origin of
this excess of population must be traced back as far as
prior to the year 1745 ; that it originated in the feudal
system which existed at that time, when the proprietors
were accustomed to value their estates according to the
amount of their population, and the number of men
whom they could bring into the field ; this TO, to the
minute, subdivision of lands, and to the croft system,
which was maintained up to a late period in those dis-
tricts, by the full employment which the people. received
from the manufacture of kelp, as well as by an occa-
sionally abundant herring fishery, which the coast at one
time afforded, and for the encouragement of which con-
siderable bounties were awarded by Parliament. Most
of these resources have now .failed them.

4. This excess of population was further maintained,
and its tendency to increase confirmed, by the practice of
the Government, of raising large bodies of volunteers and
fencibles, and by the consolidation of farms in the inte-
rior of the country, which had the effect of removing
tho people from the glens to the coast, where they found
it more easy to obtain a subsistence, either by fishing, or
in the manufacture of kelp.
5. Your Committee also find it stated that the defi-
ciency of education has tended to perpetuate this evil of
excessive population, as want of knowledge of the Eng-
lish language, and the ignorance of the people in other
respects, made them unable to estimate the advantage it
would be to them to seek for employment where they
might find a better market for their labour. The want
of roads, also, in some districts of the country, by which
the people are prevented from reaching a market for their
produce, has been stated as a further cause of the general
distress.

6. Your Committee have already reported to the
House their opinion, that a well-arranged system of
emigration, in order to relieve the present state of desti-
tution, and as preparatory to any measures calculated to
prevent a return of similar distress, would be of primary
importance ; and they now beg leave to add, that it seems
to them impossible to carry such a sTst&a, upon so ex-
tensive a scale as would be necessary, into effect, without
aid and assistance from the Government, accompanied by
such regulations as Parliament may impose, to prevent a
recurrence of similar evilF.

7. It has been stated to the Committee that the pro-
vince of Upper Canada alone, and without reference to
other portions of our North American Colonies, might
annually absorb 10,000 labourers, implying an emigra-
tion of 50,000 souls ; that 30,000 actually arrived in
Canada last year, at least one-half of which number
were absolutely destitute ; and although no extraordinary
means were taken, they have all found employment. It
was further stated to be to the advantage of emigrants,
even with small capital, to be employed for the first two
years as labourers, rather than at once to be located
upon land.
8. To give effect, however, to an enlarged system of
emigration to these colonies, it would be desirable that
her Majesty's Government should ascertain from the Co-
lonial Governments what assistance, if any, they might
be disposed to afford to emigrants arriving in the colo-
nies, either by employing them in public works, or by
undertaking to convey them to those districts of the
country where their labour would be most readily ab-

9. It has appeared in evidence that the people-, being
fully aware of the impossibility of finding adequate sub-
sistence at home, are now most anxious to emigrate ; and
your CUmmittee have considered it to be their duty to
call the attention of the Government to the subject, from
the concurrent testimony of all the witnesses leading
them to believe that the country is not only liable to a
return of such a visitation as that which occurred in the
years 1836 and 1837, but that, in the nature of things, it
must recur ; that the population is still rapidly increas-
ing, in spite of any checks which the landlords can op-
pose, and without any corresponding increase in the na-
tural productiveness and resources of the country.
May 24, 1841.

who voted for Walter
fied their intention of
have signi ;
at NOTTINGHAM.—Many
T lateT I N.
of the result, there-
coming back to their old standard .
friends of free trade and
time we would remind all the
hisshoulder
must set to the
a cheap loaf, that every man must fore, of the struggle we have no doubt. At the same
election,G l it M
—M a "
nation, the great
• .. le. the well• being of the
.. comfort of
dened byt
hceoinrtelastet si:Uect-
prinup ..,
of trade, civil and religious-
wheel ; this is an election of no common interest ;
the poor, the prosperityl .
this eventful
doing ; the Tories are fighting a
every man be up al
desperate game, they ,
the of every friend of freedom, to render
liberty—all, all are
and
dt
are
cess, and efforts 'eeminbol
the election of Sir John and Mr. Larpent doubly sure,
should never for a moment be relaxed.—Nottingham
Review.
he mint
ASSASSINATION.-1 of
letter from that city of the 28th ult., being in want of
an engraver to cut its dies, and no native artist of suIV;
cient skill being known, the Directors appointed to the
place M. Hiltker, a native of Darmstnit;• aged twenty-four,
who had cut at Naples the dies of several medals,
which were generally acknowledged to be master-pieces.
M. Hiner entered upon the duties of his new appointment
on the 23(1, but, at eight o'clock the same evening, as he
was returning home from the Mint, he was assailed in the
street by two a•sassins, one of whom stabbed him in the
side with a stiletto, and the other was making a similar
attempt when M. Hiltker diverted the stroke by raising his
arm, which was wounded, and the point of the weapon entered
the right eye, immediately below the globe. The wound in the
side was slight, but those in the arm and eye were severe, and
apprehensions are entertained that he will lose the sight of th
injured organ. The assassins fled and have not been discovered.
MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.—On Sunday morn-
ing last, a fine young woman, called Martha Brewer,
whp was preparing to attend the funeral of the unfortu-
nate girl at Penzance, of whose suicide we gave an ac-
count last week, had her dress ignited by a spark while
blowing the fire, and was so dreadfully burnt about the
arms, neck, and face, that but little hope is entertained
of her recovery.— West Briton.
A Madrid journal states that negotiatieus have
been opened with Mdlle: Rachel for some representations
in that capital, and that, if successful, she will appear
in September. It is added that a subscription is being
formed for a fund with which it is hoped to induce Ru-
bini and Tamburini to perform six nights in ibiaarki."'
Galignani,
, .