The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-15 00:00:00

CHESTER CUP.

1000 to 20 agst Mr. B. Green's The Lamb—taken
Offers to take 50 to 1 each about Newcourt and Pam.
NEWMARKET HANDICAP.

Offers to give 18 or take 20 agst the field—(2oo was laid
on Monday between 20 and the field ; the names of the
hoses did not transpire.) .

DERBY.
4DO to 10 agst Mr. Gully's Tantivy—taken
500 to 10 agst Mr. W. Scott's Christopher—taken
500 to 10 agst Mr. Mostyn's Projectile—taken
500 to Ti agst Mr: Pedlev's Cossack—taken
1000 to 10 agst Mr. Fuller's Oxonian—taken

Mr. Hargreaie's horses, under the care of J. Armstrong,
arrived on Wednesday at Newmarket, where they will in
future be trained.
INTELLIGENCE EXTRA.
BATH MEETING, 1847.
Handicap for the Somersetshire Stakes.
- - -

Alarie, 5 yrs, 9st 51b—Sweetmeat, 5 yrs, 9st 41b—
Wolf-dog, 5 yrs, 84 121b—The Hero, 4 yrs, Bst 101 b-
- 5 yrs, Bst 51b—Grimston, 4 yrs, Bst 41b—
Queen of Tyne, aged, 84 21b—Red Rover, 6 yrs, Bst--
Lo_r_t_l.Saltoun, 6 yrs, 7st 111b--Emmeline, 4 yrs, 7st 101 b
--Wit's-end 4 yrs, 74 101b—Refraction, 5 yrs, 7st 916
—Miss Eli,, Sys, 7st 81b—The Crown Prince, 4 yrs,
7st 71b--Molint.o 11cr,it, yrs, 7st 61b—Chamois, 4 yrs,
7st 61b—Cheveauxa
,17se, 4 yrs, 7st 61b—Diomed,
4 yrs, 7st 41b--iijaxe aged 7st 41b—Sberaton, 4 yrs,
7st 31b—Duke ofoletiriheiTond, 4 yrs, 7st 31b—Clumsy,
5 yrs, i$
t 215—R
yr 3, aged, 7st 215—Dexterous, 4 yrs,
7st lib—Giantess, 5
41b—P5l, 4 yrs, 74—Dic-
tator, 4 yrs, ist—Humtlrunlt I
Deer (b b) 4 yrs, Gst 131 b 'itz, Yrs, 7st—New Forest
64 12111—willilts`'' 5 yrs, Est 121 b
Miss Burns, aged,
aged,. Est 1 lib—Sir
Simon, 4 yrs, Est 1116—Buttress,a -;,
yr: Ts jo—Wood-
whelp, 5 yrs, Est 101 L—Morocco 4
,6
yrs 101b—The
3yrrss, 6st illb--Fox-
cs,st 91b--.
pecker, 4 yrs, 6$ 101b7-Banana, 4
Magnet, 5 yrs, Est 910—Old George,
Camera Obscura, 4 yrs, Est 91b—Farthing '
yrs, Est 915—Icicle, 4 yrs, fist 815-IComiigeratTle, 4
64 7111—Alliance, 5 yrs, est 61b—Buscot Buck, 6 Vrs;
Est 615—Fugitive, 4 yrs, fist 21b—Caprice,
. 4 yrs, 6st '
Miss Shirley, 4 yrs, bat—Trojan, 6 yrs, 6st—Devil-me-
Care. 3 yrs, Est—. Chatterbox, 4 yrs, sst 101b—Milliner,
4 yrs, sst 101b—Premier, 3 yrs, sst 101b—Crozier, 3 yrs,
sst 91b—Regalia, 4 yrs, sst 71b—The Brave Buck, 3 yrs,
sst 21b—Halo, ,3 yrs, sst—Daughter of the Star, 3 yrs,
sst—Moodkee, 3 yrs, sst—Rosin the Beau, 4 yrs, Sat—
Congress, 3 yra, 5 st—Euclid colt, 3 yrs, 4st 101 b.
If the highest weight accepting is under Bst 71b, it
will be raised to that standard, &c.

_
HER NAJESTT'S TREATEE.—Signora Carolina
Rosati, one of the five principal dancers of timpreseut ~no
has arrived ire Loadm,

FRENCH PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. John Mitchell.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed the popular domestic Melodrame, entitled LA
DAME DE SAINT TROPEZ. Georges Maurice, Mons. F. Le-,
maitre; llorten•e d'Auberive, Mdlle. Clarisse.
Boxes, 6s. , 3s. 6d. ; Stalls, 35.; Gallery, 2s. Doors opened at
half-past Seven, and the performances commence at Eight.

ETIIIOPIAN SERENADERS, ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
The celebrated ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS, Pell, Harrington,
White, Stanwood, and Germon, will have the honour of repeating
their Inimitable ENTERTAINMENT at the above Theatre,
TO-MORROW EVENING (Saturday), and un Tuesday next. Doors
open at Eight o'clock, and the Performance commences at half-past
Eight ; and will (by desire) give a Grand Juvenile Performance
on Wednesday Morning next, Jan. 20. Doors open at Two o'clock.
Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 25.; Amphitheatre, 2s.
Private Boxes, Stalls, and Places may be engaged at Mitchell's
Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street; at all the principal Libraries
and Music-sellers ; and at the Box-office.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL ANIPMTIICA.TRE.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
Patronised by her Most Gracious Dialesty the Queen, Prince
Albert, Prince of Wales, and Royal Family. The new Grand
Christmas Pantomime increases in attraction, and is pronounced to
be most magnificent for novelty, scenic, and mechanical effects.

THIS EVENING
Will be performed a grand new Magical Equestrian Romance, en.
titled THE DEMON NORSE ; or, The Twelve Wishes and the
Charmed Bit.
To be followed by Batty's SCENES of the CHICLE; with
the performances of Laurentz Walff, the great Belgian horseman.
To conclude with the successful Comic Equestrian Fairy Pantomime,
entitled THE FORTY THIEVES ; or, Harlequin and Ali Baba an
the Robber's Cave. Clown, Mr. Rochez ; Harlequin, Mr. W. Har-
vey ; Pantaloon, Mr. Laffarini ; Columbine, Miss Louisa Waite. 11
Box-office open from eleven till five o'clock.—Doors open at six
and commence at half-past six o'clock.—Stage Manager, Mr. W.
Broadfoot.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Lessee, Mrs. Frances Davidge.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed an original Drama, entitled TIIE HAND OF
(
CARDS—GAME, LIFE, STAKES, DEATII. The characters will
be supported by the whole of the talented Company.
After which, Moncrieli's Farce, called TOBIT'S DOG. Lord
Rochester, Mr. Johnson ; Master Smith, Mr. Tindell ; Jacob Whit-
tington, Mr. Webb; Jermyn, Mr. Lewis; Nym, Mr. Hawkins; Lady
Diana Ciarges, Si rs. Saville ; Alice, Miss Terrey.
To conclude with a grand fairy Pantomime, called TIIE KING
OF THE CASTLE ; or, Harlequin in the Land of Dreams. Har-
lequin, Herr Deulin ; Pantaloon, Her R. DeWitt ; Columbine, Mdhle.
Theodore ; Clown, Herr N. Dentin ; Punch, Herr E. Deulin.

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.
Boxes, Is., llalf-pricc, 6d. ; Pit, 6d.; Gallery, 3d.—" The Black
Doctor" received by crowded audiences with thunders of applause,
tears, and enthusiastic cheering; and the great " Go-a-Head Pan-
tomime" pronounced, by unanimous opinion and the public press,
the best production of the seasoe.
THIS EVENING
kiWwitalierrld: Performed THE BLACK DOCTOR. In which Miss Vin-
e.ont, mrs. O. Lee, Miss L. Pearce, and Messrs. N. T. Hicks,
hßlierhaewSeillarblee'prloltlinceand ,aB'cg.;awnidllCphenrcornmas. Pantomime, en-
titled THE, BIRTIJ OF THE STEAM ENGINE ; or, Harlequin
Go-a-Head," and Joe Miller and his Men. Clown, Mr. T. Barry.

A CHANCELLOR'S NOVEL-READING. Thurlow be-
came, in his retirement, a great reader of novels; and in
one instance, was so interested in the plot, that he dis-
patched his groom from Dulwich to London, after ten
o'clock at night for the concluding volumes, that he
might know the fate of the heroino before trying to go
to Sleep.

NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF " THE RANSOM."
Just ready, in three cols., post Svo.,
KIRKHOLME PRIORY;
Or, MODERN HEROISM.
By the Author of " The Ransom."
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

• Bibw ready, pr;ce 65., cloth,
FLORENT,INE TALES,
WITH MODERN ILIUSTRATIONS.

Richard Bentley, New Burlinlipt m treet.

RAILWAY SHARES 43,X PUBLIC SALE.
MESSItS:-LAMOND 'and Co., RAILWAY
SHARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and
to announce that their Public :Sales of Railway Shares, &c.,
take place every TUESDAY and Pamir, at One o'clock, at the
Elan of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
favours, containinginstructions (with a reference), are respectfully
requested to be addressed. •

meanest station-house in the kingdom, that earnest
wail for moral and intellectual help is ascending
audibly. It is a supplication now ; it may, if con •
teamed, merge into a command. Shall it be said that
this want of knowledge has been grievously exagge-
rated ? Shall it be said that there is no such necessity
fur a national system of education ? Go with that
chaplain mentioned by Lord LINCOLN to the benighted
Iculprits in Preston gaol alone ; see fifty fire per cent.
of them unable to real, thirty fie per cent. ignorant cs
to the personality of CHRIST, only nine in a hundred
acquainted with the elementary principles of religion,
not one amongst them familiar with " The Book,"
upwards of half qf the number not aware of the name of
the reigning Sovereign: let them loOk into that
abyss of ignorance which the chaplain of
Preston gaol has looked into, and then say that
there is no particular want of a national
system of education ! Is not that sufficient ? Let
them meditate upon the thousands who are living
perpetually in the filth of domestic sin, who are an
actual curse to the land in which their breath is
drawn, who are requiring the incessant and stringent
correction of the law, who perish in hospitals, and pri-
sons, and workhouses, and penal colonies. If any
additional evidence be wanting, let them visit, even in
this vast and flourishing metropolis, those "Ragged
Schools" which philanthropy has erected in its by-
lanes and its rookeries, and which only a sublime
charity could sustain and organize. They must then
acknowledge that there is ample cause to weep over
this awful deficiency of moral and intellectual know-
ledge. GOD be thanked, there is no longer a neces-
sity to impress the reality of this enormous want upon
the perception of the Legislature. The Prime
Minister has pledged himself, in the Guildhall of the
city of London, to introduce some comprehensive
scheme of an educational character : that pledge will
be redeemed. -

All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day
previous to their being offered; and advices of results will be
lorwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds imme-
diately disposed of according to Histrutions.
Offices, Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street. London.

THIRD EDITION OF
"THE SUN,"

PARLIAMENT MEETS on TUESDAY NEXT,

THE 19TH,
AND, AS USUAL, THE
VERY LATEST NEWS

WILL BE FOUND IN TIIE
THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,'

WHICH WILL CONTAIN THE
DEBATES IN BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
UP TO THE HOUR OF POST,
THEREBY ANTICIPATING OTHER PAPERS BY

TWELVE HOURS.

The cry cf Irish agony swells daily louder and
louder, and pierces the most callous heart. .At such a
season of sorrow and misery it becomes the duty of
every citizen of the empire to do his diligence gladly
to remove, as far as in him lies, the heavy load of woe
that crushes our Irish fellow-citizens to the earth.
To discover the origin of the miseries of Ireland—
to lay hare the sources of those wasting and incessant
torments of agitation that have driven the merchant
and the manufacturer in dismay from Ireland, torn
up by the roots the tree of commerce, and left the
country without a single stay or defence against the
present dreadful invasion of famine, is the first and
most necessary duty of the legislative physicians, who
must immediately undertake the case of Ireland.
If, in searching for the origin, of these agitations,
they adopt the inductive method, and investigate
separately the causes of each successive agitation, they
will find them, without exception, to be efforts to
remove differences existing between the laws of Ire-
land and those of England, or to redress evils arising
from such differences. The conclusion from such an
investigation is unavoidable. A dfference in the laws
There is an evident brooding over the probabilities ,f the two countries has caused the present difference, in
of the approaching session of Parliament in indivi- their social condition.
duals possessing every diversity of political opinion. To impose upon a limb of a great empire laws
All are looking forward with irritable curiosity to different and more oppressive than those which govern
the proceedings about to be commenced by our legis- the heart of that empire has the same effect in the
lators. In the Spanish Peninsula the Cortes have national system that the introduction of some foreign
already met, and already has their quiescence been and unwholesome body into a man's limb, has upon
interrupted by the seizure and incarceration of Senor the human system. The human limb, so treated,
OLOZAGA, the leader of the Opposition. In France loses its healthy action, inflames, suppurates, and
the Chambers have been already opened, and already becomes useless; and, unless the foreign body be
has M. GUIZOT submitted to the deliberation of the removed, the virus thus engendered is absorbed into
Deputies the correspondence illustrative of the Mont- the trunk, and the man dies. To save the man's life
pensier marriage. By these means the inquisitive- the knife must be used, and the foreign body extracted,
ness of the English public has been very sensibly even though the operation should cause the most
heightened; the popular attention turns alternately acute pain. To save the life of the empire, the ex-
from the still silent avenues of St. Stephen's to the isting difference in laws must be removed, even though
drawing-rooms of Chesham-place ; expectation is such removal occasion immediate suffering.
sleepless with the multitude, preparation is continual To remove such an injurious difference of laws by
with the Ministers. On the evening of Tuesday the the operation of the law alone—to acquire all British
curtain will be raised. Throughout the whole of the privileges by a regular and temperate appeal to the
recess of 1E46-47, it is a matter to be regretted that ordinary tribunals of justice, is a mode of proceeding
the perfidious proceedings of four of the Conti- extremely consonant to British sentiment. A strong
nental Sovereigns should have so far interfered feeling of the dignified propriety of such a course has
with the exertions for internal reform in Great induced us to bestow already two articles upon the
Britain as to have nearly monopolised the attention case of an humble Irish forty-shilling freeholder in
of the people and of the Government. Even now fee, who, at the last quarter-sessions of the county of
the diplomatic epistles which have recently passed Monaghan, endeavoured to establish a right to register
between Lord PALMERSTON, the Marquis of Noa- as an elector of that county, because a similar pri-
MANDY, Prince METTERNICH, M. GUIZOT, M. DE vilege exists in England, and because by virtue of the
BRESSON, Count DE FLATIAULT, Mr. BULWER, and Sixth Article of the union with Ireland, all British
Count Jaaeia.e, are occupying an inordinate portion privileges, according to his allegation, were extended
of observation on either side of the Channel. It is and assured for ever to Ireland.
most unfortunate that these importunate difficulties The following is the section of the sixth article
should have arisen precisely at the moment when the relied on, together with the construction given to it
calamities of Ireland, the penury of Scotland, and by Mr. Elias, counsel for the applicant :
the deplorable prevalence of crime throughout the "That it be the Sixth Article of Union that his Ma-
empire, call for the immediate and energetic jes
and
afterty'ssu thebje first
subjects of Great
a 3 of
re,at Britain
January, 0
and
llBrel be
Ireland,
entitledshal to
shall,
interposition of the Legislature. Nevertheless,
the same privileges—and be on the same footing as to
it is absolutely necessary for the preservation encouragements and bounties, on the like articles being
fire
gou
generally
l manufacture
IT
respectfaeture of
ff
tradee i either raud countrynaii.
of peace that the misunderstandings which have
arisen between the Courts of London, Paris, respectively—andgaon in all ports and,s subjects
abejseeuesetiseneost;holerrse,
Madrid, St. Petersburgh, Berlin, and Vienna, should, its dependencies—andh tdhat in all treaties made by his
if possible, be cleared up with all reasonable celerity Majesty,
rhishis_a_
ofu they are,
Ireland lawnidthshaanllyhafovrentifine
and judiciousness. It is consonant, indeed, with the
samel3nwe Power,
sinasntyds be on the same footing as his Ma-
ti,Parliament,
course hitherto adopted by modern statesman- je,sty's subjects of Great Britain." This section recites
ship, that the complication of the interests of tour covenantsa edntlerreeldan into
To übre oletehn the kingdoms of
the different kingdoms of Europe should be
'Uninteidte utelartmeds
foror caoantchl
isntsiepfact, four satisfactorily disentangled before the energies of the pricelions,G r e Great t
0 Britain
whichti
st ai i
independence,
dh
eutip
limits-
popular representatives can be turned, with any Lions to the poweknrninodgfe:lnthoneume
and set out
degree of safety, or even of efficiency, to the further four matters which iteuh
the
The atirrlsitamofentthshall for ever
removal of national abuses, and the further advance-
is,
se
, incompetent That
from and after the first day of January,se covenants lB o 1
meat of the spirit of social and political reformation, his Majesty's subjects of Great. Britain and Ireland, shall
Without this preliminary caution in the department be entitled to the same privileges,' thataf is, that from the
of Foreign Affairs, the embarassments of the country dhae:t oun
tit ichht,hlel Uexist, 'ball
the inhabitantst cai
fn de
aseob longisisland
, al
ds
are necessarily increased. Were a Government to act tsh'all haven asn inalienable, incontestable, indestructible
on the inverse principle, it would be imparting mo right and title to every privilege enjoyed by the inhabi-
tion to the machinery of legislation from the centre tants of the other. 'Phis covenant enaiitmutually extended to
just when a variety of obstructions had insinuated each
b
hcounttrca:
oatlliterth,eand provided that at autothfeuttutirine etimo
gen-
themselves, from the outside, among the connectin josb3ould h
the -United Kingdom be competent to grant to the
bands and the fly wheels of that legislative machinery inhabitants of one island any pr ivilege which it did not
The consequence of such an egregious blunder would at the same; time
teinhabitants of o
to the other—noreislatin dthaeoyother
nand to takeofrom hbe more than a momentary hitch—it would
pro- vileee that it did not, at the same time, take from the in-
bably be some dangerous and destructive colli- habitants of the other. Thesecuiidcovenant is in refer-
sion. Hence it is not only advisable, but abso- once to encouragethmeenot;so and
islands. bountiesThistat covenanth a producedeel
aarr,ds,
lately requisite, that the wounds which have that
been sustained in the friendship of our own union exists, ,be on the same footing, as to encourage-
Government and those of the principal European merits and bounties on theuilick,iethaerrtiocoustltbreing the growth,
states, should be healed before the Legislature' can produce,l3i or mantuftahcetuureuite _
United ParliamentY isre
Isipmeietteidv respectively.'
eud. '
turn with any safety to the consideration of the reyndtelriesdeninvceonmpetent to grant or take away any bounty
gangrenes which have been festering for centuries in or encouragement to the manufacturetor produce of one
the moral and physical condition of the population of island, which it does not, at the
rsialme eme, grant or take
the United Kingdoms. away from that of the other. te third covenant con-
After all matters appertaining to the balance of tamed in this section is in reference to trade and naviga.
lion. By this covenant it is stipulated ' Thati the inha-
European power, and the restoration of European bitants of Great Britain and Irelannadrsihaaltliobe on thell same
cordiality, have been settled—whether by the supple footing in respect of tdracleand
Kingdom and its de, pie%
da e
upzersts,
agency of the diplomatists, or otherwise—our Ministers By.
d this covenant
ttt the f.Tn
perfectt equality in all matters con-
will be in a position to enter upon the fulfilment of con-
nected with trade, in all parts of the United Kingdom
their numberless and propitious promises. Ireland is for ever established between. Great. Britain and. Ire-
. . .. ,
it of the United Empire is de-
still pleads for the salutary assistance—not of alms, l
daredlad, andincompetent the i)arlitaomt
disturb that equality. The fourth
but—of good government. Scotland pines under the
the inhabitants of both islands, an
covenant assures to
grievances of agricultural destitution : the crofters equality in all advantages de_ryabirlee
and E treatiesorei
yn
and cottars of the Highlands and the Hebrides made between l the
thUntitiend l'
all treaties made by his
are perishing with want ; but they are an Majesty,
h ilst
heirsde eare
and successors, with any foreign power,
enduring and long-suffering race, their very his Majesty's subjects of Ireland shall have the same
silence in the midst of so much desolation is more privileges, and be on the same footing as his Majesty's
persuasive than the most eloquent and impassioned subjects of Great Britain. The
land, perfect
supplication. Ireland, therefore, requires assistance contained
per inet this section
equality vi tsh theenar
o the inhabitants
inhabitants of Great Bri -
from the Legislature, and Scotland requires assist- twin, in all rights, privileges, and advantages, at home
ance from the Legislature; and that assistance, or in the colonies. The fourth covenant wilniirclhl
rlinhhatvse
while it must be of an administrative rather than of Just read, them,seacunrdesutdovanta
eas similaurireequabyt ,
d equality,
with a charitable nature, must be energetic and im- ioreigeng countries. Thegtreaatyn-qof Union does not con-
mediate. lain any provision authorising the slightest alteration in
Education, again, is a question which must speedily arty
• I,ia onerot theseportions
of the v
irin o
covenants.tte 'These
of the country,
covenants, therefore,
force itself upon the scrutiny of Parliament. The and are supreme unalterable lawsponsution ,
revoking all opposing
cry for education is no mere idle clamour, born in a statutes, at home, therefore, andabroad—in thte British
day day and dying in a day, like the ephemerides. It is Ll.!riinsioarne;dominertuhnetrßritish colonies—inflt hispa
y with Eno.lisnh-
the Voice of a Necessity, which has been increasing and
men in all foreign countries,
1 rights,i' 11.:eerr.efitts,epqrtiaville-ges, and advan-
during many years, from its first feeble mut- tages, is tho inalienable, indestructible, birth-right of
terings to a deep thunder-tone which cannot every Irishman. This equelity was the great political
be hushed without the removal and utter anal- advantage for ages sought by lreland—the great price
hi alloy of
grced Co he paid for her legislative independence. 'This
that necessity. As Lord LINCOLN cquali:)., in the largest andinost beneficial sense, is for
showed from the statistical information of a ever secured to Ireland by the great international corn-
gaol chaplain, quoted by ourselves yesterday, the e c t
neverand trce.t.ll
can that
el* Union,e( u
oexa:
ignorance of the multitude in enlightened and Chris- 1
c`'l'` b}' by arbitrary power,i alnyd lawless etti'euns usurpation."
Dation . "
tianized England is appalling, both from the intensity
of its darkness and the extent of its diffusion. An , The covenant contained in the first paragraph of section, in opinion, most certainly gave
toe above in cur
ignorance, too, not secreted in corners, and buried in
unknown quarters of the community, but floating
Irishmen a right to the enjoyment of all British pri-
visibly upon the surface, startling the hearts of better vileges, and still gives such to them, unless that
and wiser men. The spawn of that Ignorance is Crime ; covenant has been since annulled by some competent
and that Crime procreates itself with a horrible ra-
authority. It was intended to express the same
pidity; it multiplies the officers in our criminal courts, meaning as the following words in the fourth. section
it chokes up our prisons and penitentiaries with male of the Act of Union with Scotland :—" That there
and female criminals, with children scarcely able to be a communication of all other rights, privileges,
lisp, and old men venerable in iniquity. From the
and advantages which do or may belong to the sub-
hulks, from the gaols, from the penal settlements, jects of either kingdom."
from the police-courts and the sessions courts, from , d That such was
'the intention of the Legislature in
•
using the NI. or shall enjoy the same privileges," is
the conclemucd_cell and from the lock-up-room in the

sown, amongst a hundred other proofs, by the fol-
lowing words of Mr. Secretary DUNDAS, when
moving, as Minister, in the House of Commons, the
union resolutions :—" By the participation of the
freedom of Britons (says that Minister)—by the full
enjoyment of all privileges attached to a member of
such an honourable community, the Government of
this country endeavours to destroy the hopes of the
enemy and to consolidate the empire. If it be true
that the poor of Ireland experience all the misery
concomitant to a state of want and wretchedness, then
it follows that their participation qf the privileges of
Britons will rouse and animate to laudable exertions
that useful description of our fellow-subjects in the
sister kingdom. That liberty which awakened the
commercial enterprise of Scotland—that liberty which
expanded its genius in the most honourable pursuits
—that liberty which confirmed every sentiment
which can dignify human nature, will, Sir, I am
sure have the same happy influence on the people
of Ireland, connected with us by the dearest reci-
procal obligations."
Notwithstanding, however, the simple significance
of the words themselves, and the analogy of Scotland,
and the expressed intention of the Legislature, Messrs.
HOVENDEN and CHITTY have, in their respective
editions of "Blackstone's Commentaries," represented
the Sixth Article of the Irish Union as referring only
to trade, and establishing an equality of privileges in
that respect alone between the countries, though the
fourth paragraph of that section, which establishes an
equality in all privileges derived from foreign treaties,
does not mention nor allude to trade, and though the
marginal note, collecting the general purport of the
sections, stares them in the face, and declares its
meaning to be, "that the subjects of Great Britain and
Ireland should be on the same footing from the Ist of
January, 1801."
To narrow the privileges extended by this section
to those connected with trade alone, it is necessary, as
a first and indispensable step, to deny a separate and
independent meaning to the sentence, "that his
Majesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland shall
enjoy the same privileges"—a sentence which contains
the great price of Ireland's independence, so strictly
stipulated for by Ireland, and, as we have seen, so
solemnly undeetaken to be paid by England. Accord-
ing to such exposition this sentence forms for us
merely one of two antecedents, governing in common
the words "as to bounties on the like articles, &c.,"
the other antecedent being the phrase, "be upint the
same fcoting." And the entire passage, so read,
would merely extend to Ireland an equality of rights
as to trade and commerce.
-Now, to adopt such a construction would be to

make the important sentence, "shall enjoy the same
privileges," vain and superfluous, and to give no effect
whatever to these words ; for the words, " shall be
upon the same footing as to bounties, &c.," give all
privileges respecting bounties, &c., and something
more. The strong and significant words, " shall
enjoy the same privileges," would therefore be, ac
cording to such reading, empty unmeaning phrases,
and without the least effect. But such an exposition
would be in violation of the clearest rules of law ;
" for the good expositor (says Lord Coicn in
POWLTER'S case) makes every sentence have its
operation to suppress all the mischiefs; he gives effect
to every word in the statute; he does not construe it
so that anything should be vain and superfluous, nor
yet makes exposition against express words, for
viperina est expositio qua., corrodit viscera textus.'"
It appears clear, therefore, that if this section
be brought to the strictest tests of law, every rule of
construction, whether derived from the common law
or the law of nations, will declare that these
sentences stand independent of each other, and will
presume that the different words in each were em-
ployed to express different ideas, and were used in
the largest sense. But, supposing for a moment that
the meaning was ambiguous, and that a doubt could be
fairly entertained, whether the word privileges was to
be taken in the larger or the more restricted sense,
then we should be obliged to have recourse to another
kind of test, and to decide whether the covenant.
" that her MAJESTY'S subjects of Great Britain and
Ireland shall enjoy the same privileges," by a favour-
able or all odious covenant, for different rules of con-
struction, according to the law of nations, govern
these two classes of covenants.

" Everything that tends to a common advantage in
treaties, or that has a tendency to place the contract-
ing parties on a footing of equality, is favourable,"
says VATTELL, Book 2, c. 2. This definition of VAT-
TELL'S exactly describes the nature of the covenant
granting equal privileges to the subjects of both coun-
tries. This covenant
.is, therefore, governed by the
rules applicable to things favourable, and all writers
on the law of nations agree as to these rules. GRO-
TIUS, Book 11,c. 15, thus lays down the rule :—" In
cases not odious, we must understand the words in
their full propriety as they are generally taken, and
if they are ambiguous then they must be taken in the
largest seme."

To discover an ambiguity respecting these Irish
privileges, as therefore to prove that they must be
granted in their very largest extent. Uncertainty
ranges itself upon the side of justice, and to raise a
doubt upon the subject is to establish the claim of
Ireland for perfect equality with Great Britain in
laws, rights, privileges, and advantages—a claim
which ought; -never to have been refused, and upon
the speedy and certain admission of which depends
the honour and happiness of the United Empire.

" The e: plosive cotton has been tried at Constar',

tinople," says a letter from that city, " with complete
success. Several experiments have been made at the
palace in the urctsence of the SULTAN, and gave full
s..ttisfaction. 'Other proofs of its power have likewise
been exhibited to several of the Turkish Ministers."
Letters from. 'Constantinople state that the SULTAN
was exceedingly annoyed at the reception given at
Paris to the Bey of Tuxes as an independent sove-
reign. The• conferences at Trebisonde for reconciling
the differences between Turkey and Persia have been
broken up ' without any result.

The town of Morat was occupied on the 9th by
the Gover ir ment troops of Friburg. Many of the
inhabitants. fled to I3erne and to Vaud on the ap-
proach of I`7ae troops. Bulle and Gruyere still hold
out. In tine former place the insurgents have En-
tretiched tl t emselves in the castle ; in the latter, they
look for s i ipport from Vaud. Among the persons
who have k ieen arrested at Friburg is M. WEIBEL,
an archite c t, who is accused of having devised and
organized tthe conspiracy for the insurrection. The
10th is tl .4! day fixed for the meeting of the Grand
Council.

The Imi Commissioner of Cracow, Count DE
DAym, has ; just published an order declaring that the
tribunals of Gallicia are not to proceed against any
persons cot °promised in the late insurrection, except
the leaders of the rebels, and persons either invested
with politic sal functions or exercising a public profes-
sion (such : us advocates, priests, notaries, Government
officers). Any person not included in these cate-
gories is no t; to be prosecuted.

The Rus: tie n General ItuDIGER occupied on the
sth, with 10 y.OOO troops, the frontiers of the old re-
public of Cr. It :ow, and those of Gallicia proper. An
Austrian fa., ze was immediately ordered to observe
their..

A Dresden' letter, in the Aix-la-Chapelle Gazette,
says that M. CYSSOWSKI, who was chosen dictator in
the insu.rrectii on at Cracow in 1846, has been set at
liberty. t: Austrian Government gave its assent
to this act of the Saxon Government, but on condi-
tion that M. 'TTSSOWSKI should, with his family, be
placed in the hands of the Austrian authorities to be
embarked at l'riuste for America.

The draft ,of the new penal code for Prussia is
finished and :approved of by the KING. It contains
450 paragrap bs, and does not in any one case inflict
corporal puni. s:meld. It has been printed, but the
copiEs are re: I( 'eyed exclusively for the Members of
the Provinch d States about to be convoked.

The Avg.,: bit
rgh Gazette states, on the authority of
a letter frog 3 'urin, that Prince FERDINAND VICTOR
of Modena is about to marry an Austrian Princess,
andthatthe.:Co knit DI TRAPPANI is to marry a Princess
of the sum fa mily.
The Austria m Government has just established a
line of electric telegraph from Vienna to Brunn, and
intends to ext; mid it as far as Prague in Bohemia.
There is also be a line from Vienna to Pesth in
Hungary.

Madrid pap N 's of the 7th have arrived.
The Chamber, of Deputies is still occupied in the