The Sun.
London, England, 1823-10-25 00:00:00

THE NORTHERN EXPEDITION.

[From the Litera7 Gazette of this day.]
The rrturn of the hxpedition under the com-
mand of Captain PAnny from the voyage to discovers North-
west Passage is an event of so much public interest, that the
readers of the Literary Gazette will, we trust, not only excuse
our devoting a considerable portion of our earliest succeeding
Journal to an account of ;its proceedings, but 'will feel that we
have done our duty towards them, in using strenuous exertions
to gather from every authentic quarter the leading particulars of
this narrative.

On the 10th instant, the Fury and Hecla arrived at Lerwick,
in Shetland, and were received with demonstrations of such
welcome as was due to onr gallant countrymen on their safe
arrival from so perilous an undertaking, and after so long an
absence, during which no true tidings concerning them had
reached their native land. The town was illuminated, and the
navigators were entertained in the most hospitable manner.—
Leaving Lerwick, the vessels made the northern coast of Eng-
land on Thursday the 16th, where Captain Parry, Lieutenant
Iloppner, and the Rev. 31r. Fisher (the chaplain and astrono-
mer to the Expedition) were landed, and immediately set oil
for London, which they reached on Saturday morning. Mean-
while the ships sailed for the River, anti on Tuesday afternoon
anchored in the Galleons, about three miles below Woolwich.
On Wednesday, at noon, they again sailed, anti in a couple of
hours were moored off the dockyard at Deptford, amid the
cheers of hundreds, who lined the shore as they passed along to
their destination.

On their way up the river, they were boarded by several per-
sons of note, and by many kind and anxious friends, whose
meetings with their respective relations and persons dear to
them, formed a scene altogether of the most interesting descrip-
tion. Here was Sweethearts and Wives far better acted than
even at the Haymarket, and the representation produced a MUCh
more striking effect. The recognitions, the inquiries, the
groupings, and the various expressions of voice, countenance,
and gesture, were at once highly entertaining and affecting, and
we can truly say that we never witnessed a sight which afforded
us greater pleasure. The sides were ascended and the decks
almost crowded by the curious who were fortunate enough to
have the privilege of visiting the ships, and by those connect-.
ed with the crews. In one part might be seen an honest Tar
embracing his partner with a heartiness which did credit to a
tedious absence, and was certainly without example in the
whole history of Eaquimaux fellowship—the only human in-
tercourse enjoyed (if it may be so called) during two years and
a half. In another direction the cooking apparatus was speedily
put in requisition, and fresh
.provisions and vegetables had
Justice done to them, as luxuries of no common cast. Here
were strangers examining the canoes, large animal specimens,
and other rarities brought from the Arctic regions; and in the
long.boats, slung upon the deck of each vessel, were six or
eight of those wolf-looking dogs which are so important to the
natives, howling and fighting like wild beasts of the most sa-
vage nature. We mention these circumstances, not as of any
consequence to the voyage, but its forming a spectacle of so
singular and interesting a character that we only wish our
graphic powers were more adequate to its description. On ar-
riving at Deptford, most of the officers hastened ashore, and
from itn intimacy with some of them we have collected the fol..
lowing Digest, for whose irregulatities and want of proper
order, the haste in which it is thrown together must be our
apology.
The outward voyage in 1821 was fair and prosperous. Pass-
ing up Iludeon's Straits, the navigators kept near the land on
their South, and explored the coast towards Repulse Bay. The I
farthest \Vest which they attained was 86° of longitude, and
the highest latitude only 69° 48' N. ; and they finally brought
up for winter quarters at a small isle which they named Winter
Island, in 02 Wl' W. longitude, and latitude 06" 11' N. By
inspecting the common maps, it will he seen that they are very
faulty in laying down both land and water in this direction ;
though the later and best charts are son-lei/hat more correct.
The glebe and chart-makers, however, will have very little
trouble in laying down the discoveries made in the present
voyage. The chief part of the summer of 11121 was occupied
in examining Repulse Day, and some inlets to the east-
ward of it, through some one or other of which they hoped
to find a passage into the Pdlar Sea. In this they were
disappointed, ?or all the openings proved to be only
deep inlets, which ran into the continent of America.—
While thus occupied, early in October the sea began to
freeze ; and on the Bth of that month the ships were laid up
for the winter, in the situation noted above. Here at Winter
Island, the expedition was frozen up from the Bth of October
1021 to the 2tl of July 1022. 'rue vessels were within two or
three hundred paces of each other; and occupations and
amusements, similar to those practised in the preceeding voy-
age, were resorted to. We are informed, however, that the
Plays did not go offs° well; nor were the ships' companies al-
together so harmoniously social ies on the fornier occasion. The
necessity of maintaining discipline, and other causes, to which
we need not allude, stood in the way of this Perfect accord and
satisfaction.

• One of the principal events which we have to notice in this
period was the beneficial effects produced by the system of
heating the ships with currents of warm air. These were di-
rected to every requisite part by tear's of metallic tubes, and
so well did the contrivance answer its- purpose, that the lowest
temperature experienced during the winter was MI degrees below
zero: In the second winter it was ten degrees lower, viz. forty-
five degrees below zero; bet this was not near so difficult to
endure, nor so inconvenient as the cold in Capt. Parry's first
voyage, nor indeed, if we are rightly instructed, as that felt in
the northern stations of the Hudson flay traders on the Ama.
rican Continent:

.......
The provision cases, wo understand, did not turn out so
will ; for, though the meats were preserved fresh, they were
found to be very insipid on constant usa, and the men got •s
tired of them as they generally do of salt provisions. From
the quantum of boiling needed in these preparations, the nu-
tritive juices are extracted, and the taste so reduced, that it is
not easy to tell veal from beef. They, however, (like French
cookery done to rags), made a change, and were so far accept-
able. _

Fish were caught, and formed another more welcome variety.
These were chiefly a small salmon of about 7 or Gibs. weight,
of which abort 300 were taken ; time Coal-fish, and the Alpine
Trout, which latter was found in a fresh-water stream on an
island to the westward of Whiter Island. This river, accord.
ing to the native accounts, flowed from a lake whence also an.
other river ran into the sea on the' other side ; that is to say,
One stream flowed in a south-easterly tlirection towards Hud-
son's Bay, and the other in a south-westerly course towards,
(perhaps) the Polar Sea. The small fish known by the name
of the Miller's Thumb, was also in great abundance, and the
sea swarmed with Molesea.; but we shall enumerate the na-
tural productions more particularly hereafter.
Nothing occurred, during the first part of the winter, deserv-
ing of any particular notice; -btu one morning, in the begin-
ning of I; ebruary, our people were. by the appearance
of strange limns upon the snow.plain in their vicinity, and of
persons running to and fro. This was a tribe of abou t fifty
I.lt'isquimaux, who ware erecting their snow-huts, and taking
up their residence at a short distant;: from the vessels. At
first it was hoped that this might be Captain Franklin's Ex-
pedition, but the hope quickly vanished ; and the Settlers were
found to be one of those wandering hordes which rotten along
the shore in search of food, and make their habitations
wherever it can be obtained in sufficient quantity. The great
dependence of these people upon the produce of the sea for
their sustenance, necessarily confines their migrations to the
coasts, and, except hastily travelling across land in any
journey occasionally, it may be presumed (tont their habits
that they never establish themselves ten miles from the water's
edge. Thus we infer, that all the interior parts are totally mi.
inhabited. The intercourse of the voyagers with their new and
singular neighbours, of them much and much wanted
amusement during the remainder of the winter ; as, never
seeing Europeans beflere, their manners and customs were quite
original. The snow began to melt about the 'beginning of
and put an end to their intimacy.
In the seasonofllll22, the vessels having steered along the
coast to the North, penetrated only to the long. of 1.12° SW, and ,I
lat. 130° 40' ; and tarter exploring several inlets, &c. in their
brief cruise, they were finally moored fur their second
winter, about a mile ,apart, in fl° 34' West long. and Ist.
69° 21' North. Here, close to another small isle, they
remained from the 24th of September 11122 to the 801 of last
August. They had latterly entered a strait leading to the
westward. From the accounts of the Esquimaux and their
own observations, they had every reason to believe that this
strait separated all the land to the northward from the conti-
nent of America. After getting about fifteen miles within the
entrance of it, however, they were stopped by the ice, but • from
that persuasion that they were in time right channel for getting
to the westward, they remained there for nearly a month, in
they were again quite disappointed, and on time 19th of Sep.
expectation that time Ice would break up. In this last hope
tember the sea having begun to freeze, they left these straits,
and laid the ships up in winter quarters near the arnall island
alluded to, and called by the ElqUitllaUX Igloolik.
From these data it is evident flint the Expedition has failed
in its leading objects, in short,
any annual whale-ship might
the
ed
former
meeprpeve6iy:ei
voyages.
,Tfiel
'!'he magnetic
(no n lights can be
do as much as it has been able, with its perseverance, to ac-
complish ;
raised by
thrown by it upon the great questions of scienceppwlehicwhaswteur)et
crossed; and it is curious to state, tia4 all the electrical appear.
antes, lights, halos, meteors, Stec. were zeen.t° the south. In
natural history the acquisitions are very scanty,. We have on
our table twenty-eight botanical specimens, dwarf willow,
saxifrage, grasses, moues, Ste. which nearly comprehend the
stunted vegetable world of these northern latitudes. One new
we -e-.010, been added to
gull has, h that class; but, generally

speaking, hardly any novelty has been ascertained, or remark-
able discovery made, in ornithology, piscology, botany, or
other branch of science.
In the second winter a more numerous tribe of the Emili-
a-max, about 150, and including the visitors of the proceeding
year, settled neer the ships, and were in daily intercourse with
them. We shall here throw together what we have learned re-
specting this people.
They are represented as being peaceable and good-natured :
not stupid, but not eminent for feeling or intelligence. The
first tribe lived together on terries of "perfect liberty and
equality; in the second there was an Angekok or conjuror,
who excercised a certain degree of- influence and authority.—
There are no signs of the worship of a Supreme Being among
them, and they do not appear to have a perfect ideaof ONE; nor
have they apparently any religious rites at marriages or burials.
An Esquimaux bespeaks his wife while she is yet a child, and
when she is of marriageable age is broughthome to him, and there
is a feast on the occasion. Their funerals are equally simple :
if in winter, the corpse is merely covered over with snow ; if in
summer, a shallow trench is dug, where it is deposited, and
two or three flat stones at top complete the rude sepulchre.—
They are careful not to.allow any stones or weighty matter to
rest on the body; and seem to think that even after death it
may be sensible to the oppression. They appeared to have
some crude notions of a future state; but all their ideas on
these matters were so blended with superstition, that they hard-
ly deserve to be mentioned. Two wives were possessed by
several of the natives, and one is almost always much younger
than the other: yet the to partners seemed to live on very good
terms with one another. The children rarely appear to bemore
than two, three, or four, in a family ; though six grown up
brothers and sisters were met with. They live to a good age:
Many were above sixty years old, and in one case the great-
grandmother of a child of 7 or 8 years was a healthy old woman
at the head of four generations. The stature of the males is
about the average of five feet, 4,5, or 6 inches ; and none ex-
ceeded 5 feet 10 inches. Their colour is a dirty-looking yellowish
white, and their proportions by no means robust.
We.havc mentioned the appearance of their snow-houses
when first seen : they are' curiously shaped and constructed re-
sembling three immense bee hives grouped together, and enter-
ed by one long passage by all the three families to whom these
yield an abode. A trefoil affords a tolerable idea of them.
They are about 9 feet in diameter, and 7 or 8 feet in height.
The passage is about 20 feet in length, and so low that you
must creep along nearly on all-fours, in order to reach the hut.
This is ingeniously intended to exclude the cold air, which it
does effectually, though widened in parts for lodging the dogs
belonging to the several households, and which are stationed in
the last sort of anti-chamber, before the entrances turn off to the
right and left for the two nearest huts. The huts themselves are
entirely made of square blocks of solid snow, with a larger key-
block at the top of the rotunda. The window is a piece of flat
transparent ice. Round th e interior runs a seat of the sainematerial
as the walls, upon which the skins of animals are thrown for
seats and bells. Beds are also made of a plant on the floor (sec
farther on). The houses are without any artificial warmth, ex-
cept whet is produced by a sort of oil lamp, in which they used
pieces of dry moss for wicks, also hereafter described.
In the winter of 1822-3. native dwellings or huts constructed
of bone were also seen. The Esquimatix often eat flesh in a raw
state; but it is sometimes cooked, and the women almost inva-
riably submit their food to that process. The utensils are un-
common, though simple. They consist of two vessels of stone ;
generally the pot-stone or lapis.ollaris' also used in parts of
Germany for the same purpose. The lower vessel a good deal
resembles an English kitchen ash shovels the upper one a
trough, of a wide coffin form. In the first, which is filled with
oil, a number of moss wicks float, and are lighted for the fuel.
The oil is gradually supplied from strings of fat hung up above
the flames, the heat of which melts them into so many reservoirs
of grease. In the second utensil, placed over the fire thus made,
the meat is stewed. The natives are filthy in their eating, and
hardly reject any thing, from the blubber of whale to the flesh
of wolf. When hungry, they devoured the carcasses of ten or
a dozen of the latter. which were killed by our seamen. Their
food, indeed, consisted chiefly of seal and wolves flesh ; but
notwithstanding this, they appeared to be perfectly contented,
nay, even happy. Their dresses were made entirely of skins,
chiefly those.ef the rein-deer.
The lapis-ollaris is originally so soft that it may be cut into
form with a knife; and when It is not to be found, an extraor-
dinary substitute is manufactured into pots and pans. This is
a cement composed of dogs' hair, seals' blood, and a particu-
lar clay, which soon becomes as hard as stone, and bears the
effects both of oil and fire below and moisture and stewing
above.

In the beginning of their intercourse, the Esquimaux were
somewhat reserved, and shy of communicating their opinions;
but as their reserve wore off; they divulged a number of inte-
resting particulars. The women, especially, were less secret
than the men, who (we may here state by the by) had no hesi-
tation in bartering their wives and daughters with the sailors,
at first for so poor a bribe as a nail or two or three leads, and
at last for the price of a paltry knife.
These females are not, is true, the most lovely objects in
nature. Their features are disagreeable, and they have long
and harsh, but exceedingly black. hair. We have been shown
a map drawn by one of them, (a remarkable instance of intel-
' ligence), in which she represents two islands to the north of the
second winter's position of the ships, and others in different di-
' reetions, giving rather sonorous names to them all. The
nearest on the north is several days' jottrney across, and the
roaming of the Esquintaux tribes is confined to these islands,
as they never venture upon the continent. Every family has a
sledge, and generally five or six dogs, with which they travel
with great ease and hunt.
They say that their race originally sprung from a beneficent
female Spirit; and that from another wicked female Spirit are
descended the other three creatures who inhabit the earth,
namely, the Itkati, or Indians, the Cablunce, or Europeans ;
and (after long hesitation before they would express it) the
Dvt which they drive! The Itkali they abhor and speak of
as murderers, who never spare their tribes. Of the Cablume
they had only heard by report, never having seen a European
till they encountered those in the Fury and Ilecla ; but it is
clear from their classing them with the Indians and Dogs, that
they have no very exalted idea of their virtues.
With their own appellation of Esquirnaux they are not
acquainted, hut call themselves Enuee. The other name is
understood to be a term of reproach, meaning " Eaters of raw
flesh."

From the above it appears that they entertain a belief in cer.
thin spirits or superior beings; but their notions concerning
them are extremely rude and vague. This was displayed by
the Angekok or Conjuror, of whom we have spoken. This
greet man was, after much entreaty, prevailed upon to exhibit
his supernatural powers in the Captain's cabin of one of the
ships. He was accompanied by his wife, and began his ope-
rations by having every glimpse of external light carefully
excluded. Still the fire emitted a glimmering, and this
was covered with a thick mat ; so that at length all
was utter darkness. The Angekok then stripped himself
naked, and lay down upon the floor, and pretended that
he was going to the lower regions where the spirits dwell.
Hie incantations consisted of hardly articulate sounds, not ap-
pearing; to have any meaning attached to them, but to be the
muttering and whining of strange syllables. He also practised
a kind of ventriloquism ; and modulated his voice so as to give
it the effect of nearness and greater distance, in the depths to
which he wished it to be believed he had descended. This
farce had lasted about twenty minutes ; and on the re-admis-
sion of light, the actor gave an account of his adventures, and
of what the spirits had told him. As a proof of the truth of his
facts and the reality of his colloquies, he produced several
stripes of fur which one of the spirits had fastened on the back
of his skin-coat since he went down—which, indeed, his wife
had been busily stitching on during the dark performance. Vet,
by such fables and impostures he maintained his sway over his
ignorant countrymen, who implicitly credited his inventions
and powers. The latter were consequently invoked upon all
important occasions. Thns, for example, when they became scarce, or rather when the evil genius took away from the waters
and the earth to her caverns beneath, the animals which con-
stitute the principal food of the Enuee„ our Angekok was em-
ployed to bring them back again. This he accomplished,
agreeable to his own story, by the following means ; lie call-
ed to his assistance Torngak, his Familiar and a friendly spirit,
in company with whom he journeyed to the realms below to
combat with the Evil (lenius. With this aid, and by his own
address, lie vanquished the enemy, and forced her to submit
to his decrees. lie then cut off the lower joints of her four
fingers, and immediately the bears were released, and found
their way to the upper regions. Ills next operation was to cut
off the second joints, by. which the seals were liberated.: Thu
excision of the upper Joints performed a like service for the
walruses ; and finally, by amputating the hand, the whales
were freed to revisit the shores of the Esquimaux. To sub.
stantfate theitruth of this grand exploit, the bloody knife
with which the deed had been done, is produced, and the re.
appearance of the hears, seals, walruses, and whales, infallibly
follows.
An immense value is set upon the testimonies of euperna.
tural intimacy ; thus the Angekok declared that he would not
exchange the spirit's gifts, one of the stripes of fur, for any
thing that could. be oared to him ; and it was with much (lif_
ficult) that Captain Parry did prevail upon him to barter ono
for some highly coveted article, nor would he part with any
more.

Front the length of time during which the natives were
daily with them, our people were enabled to pick up a rattier
copious vocabulary of their language. Some of the journals
contain front five hundred ton larger number of words. Their
knowledge of figures is very hinted—five and ten being their
most obvious enumeration. When they wish to express the
former, one hand is held up • the latter, of course, requires
both : but when the sum exceeds that number, the gspitnaux

' calls on a neighbour to help him out, by hording up one or two
hands as the occasion requires. One of our friends related si
whimsical anecdote connected with this sort of dumb-show.
He was conversing with a native alone, who wanted to make
the large and unusual sign of thirty. Ile accordingly held np
both hands, and was then sadly puzzled how to go farther. It
never occurred to him to break off sad repeat the signal in any
way ; but at length he happily struck upon ten more by getting
the officer to raise his digital'. Here were twenty; but the
ten to be added was the grand pons eeinorurn of Esquimaux
numerals ! The difficulty seemed inimperable, but again
his Fettles befriended the calculator; he held up one
of his feet,—twenty-five I What was to Le done ? like one
of the wise men of Gotham, our clever native tried to hold up
the other foot at the same time, and his efforts to have all his
limbs simultaneously in the air were the most ludicrous-that
can be imagined. But it could not be Managed ; and it was
not without an immensity of trouble that the proposed number
was finally expressed by the four hands and one foot each of the
conversing parties.
Other characteristic traits of these simple people may be told
in this place. The wives of two of thorn, one with a baby tuck-
ling (which nutriment they supply for severe] years,) were
taken on board the vessels "for medical treatment, both being
in the last stages of disease. It was indeed too. late to save
them ; and they died. The husband of the mother evinced
some distress, and howled a little when she expired ; but very
soon seemed to forget his loss. Yet he attended very sedulously
to the proceedings of the Cablunte. They enveloped the body
decently, as is done with sailors, in a hammock; and dug a
grave for its reception. •To this it was borne, accompanied by
the husband, who manifested much uneasiness. At last he
made himself understood that he was afflicted by the confine-
ment of the corpse. Having obtained a knife, he was per-
mitted to gratify his own feelings, and he cut all the stitches
which held the hammock together down the front, so as
to give a kind of liberty to the dead form. The covering in
of the grave with earth and stones scented also to give him
pain ; but he asked leave to bury the living child with its dead
mother. The reason assigned for this horrid proposal was, that
being a female no woman would take the trouble to nurse it,
as that was never done among them. If it had been a boy,
perhaps some one might have adopted and reared it. In fact,
the infant, without sustenance, did die on the ensuing day, and
was placed at the disposal of its parent, who drew it sway in
his sledge to a short distance, and raised a small mound of
snow over its lifeless corpse.
It is curious to remark, that while they dislike the idea of
hurting the dead by putting any thing heavy upon them, they
feel no regret at the consequence of their own insufficient mode
of sepulture—the dragging of the bodies front their slight snow.
tombs to be torn to pieces and devoured by dogs and wolves, as
was frequently witnessed by our men, who, when the spring
dissolved the snow, had to dig graves for the mutilated remains
of several of the native corpses thus exposed to view. There
was a considerable mortality amongst them ; no fewer than le,
old and young, dying within the few months they spent near
the Expedition in its second winter.
In the management of the canoe, ...he Esquimaux are very
expert. They are amazingly light, and formed of skin over
whale-bone. The largest which Captain P. obtained is 26
feet in length, and we observed another, between decks in the
Heels, which is 19 feet long and only 19 inches in width, half
of which are in the depth.
In these the Native pursues his marine chase, and spears tbe,
fish and fowl. The spear is double-pointed with bone, about
six or seven inches in length, and barbed. The shaft is of very
light wood, five or six feet long, and below the handle, or part
by which, it is thrown, are three other barbed bones, standing
out a few inches front the wood, and calculated to strike the
prey, should the bi-forked point miss. They kill at twenty
yard; distance. The bow and arrow is also employed in killing
game and wild animals. The arrows are pointed with stone,
smoothed into a lance-head shape by friction against other
stones. -

A method of catching seals (and, if we remember correctly,
fish also,) through a hole in the ice, is one of the moat dexte-
roux of Eaquimaux contrivances : A line is let down, at the end
of which is fastened a small piece of white bone or tooth, above
an inch long, cut into a rude fish-form, and having two morsels
of pyrites stuck into it to resemble eyes. This bait is drawn
through the water, and when seals or other prey approach to
examine it, the watchful native spears them from above.
The knives used by the women are curiously constructed,
and as cleverly employed in skinning animals and carving vic-
tuals as the instruments of hunting are by the men. They
resemble a small cheese or saddlery knife ; the iron or cutting
part being semi-circtelar, and inserted in a bone handle. The
whole is three or four inches long, and the edge three or four
inches in breadth. With these they carve away underhand in a
very dexterous style.
Spectacles are another of the'r articles, which struck lus at
curious and well-contrived. They consist of a piece of wood
scraped thin, like a bandage, and perforated with two 'narrow
horizontal silts, something like pig's eyes. where we would
have glasses; a rim about an inch broad projects in the same
direction as that .6f a hat would; and this simple niechaticele
process, tied about the head, protects the eyes from the drift-
ing snow and spiculse, and improves the sharpness of the sight,
Having already stated the longitudes, letitudes, and periods
of sailing and wintering, we shall not it necessary to go
much into the details of the Expedition, which has, in fact,
neither added much to geography, nor been able to explore
farther than was done by Middleton and preceding nail.-
gators. The last year seems to have been so unproductive,
that the ships might as well have returned home in the
Autumn of 11122 ; but it is not the character of British
seamen to desist while the slightest prospect of success can
be entertained. Our own opinion is, that there may be
many openings into the Polar Sea, and that probably the best.
after all, is in Lancaster Sound, and where Capt. Ross showed
the way, but did net pursue it. Certainly the Course taken upon
pectations formed, or to promise any advantages results for
the present occasion does not appear to have answered the ex-
future attempts, should such be persevered in.
The Inlet where the second winter was spent, presented a
solid mass of everlasting icy. It is about ten miles in breadth
its length (orcourse, not having been traversed) uncertain. The
ebb tide is from the South-west, anti the flood from South-
east; small channels run through it, but not wide enough to
work a ship. While they lay here, and indeed during the
voyage, the vessels do not sewn to have encountered much dan-
ger from the ice; at any rate they have pitched and painted them
in coming home, so as to make them look fresh and well in the
Thames. About the bows we noticed some rather harsh gras.
ing, and the bolt-heads sticking out a few inches from the
wood. In one instance, we were informed, a field of ice coming
down at the rate of about two miles an hour, almost lifted the
Ueda out of the water, and snapped five of the strongest cablee
and ropes by which she was moored.
The absence of the sun was experienced for about a month.
In June (the 9th) the first flower was seen : a small but richly
coloured blue of the Saxifrage genus.
To beguile the tedious time, our countrymen occasionally
lived in tents on shore, and hunted, shot, and fished, for the
general consumption. Rein-deer were sometimes killed; the
carcass of the largest weighed (without offal) 1501bs. Theta
were very acceptable to the ships' companies; hut their fresh
provisions were not always so dainty as venison. The hearts,
livers, anti kidneys of whales and walrusscs (brought by th; Esquimaux) were not irreconcileable to European palates;
and, many a hearty meal was made on these, not very delicate,
dishes. According to the report of the natives, there were
rein-deer on the large island towards the north. No musk
oxen were seen in any part ; and from the same authority it
was gathered that they only appeared to the westward of the
longitude to which the Expedition penetrated.
Of birds there were prodigious numbers, but their flesh was
of a fishy and unpleasant taste : it was made nevertheless to
serve at times, to vary the Arctic cuisine.
Gardening was another expedient for occupylug the tirne, and
supplying the table. Alustard and cress were green as on the
preceding voyage, and served out to the men
in considerable •
quantities, to the great benefit of their health. rtidetd, the looks
of the crews bear testimony to their careful treatment in this
respect ; for we never saw a set of more healthy
ditioned fellows set out on, still less return from, a long see
trip. 'their loss, as has been mentioned in the newspapers,
amounted to five into in the two years and a half. The tintt
two died in the Fury within twenty-four hours of each other,
in 1822, the one of internal inflammation, and the other of
consumption of long standing. They were consigned to one
grave ; and a tumulus of stones placed over their bones: their
names and well-con-
tic. being engraved on one of the largest. Soon after-
wards, a sailor of the Ueda fell from the mast, and dislocated
the passage home. We remember his person on sailing. He
his neck. Be died on the spot. Last Spring, another sailor
died of dysentery in the same ship ; and about six weeks ago,
Mr. Fyffe, the master, fell a victim to the scurvy.
while Oil
f It does not
rum the ships, overland,
was performed by Lieuteniannitindodpiprnecetir°ltal-ndlii‘
was a stout, florid, trod-looking seaman; and we believe a
apron that any far excursions were attempted
native of Northumber and.
command, in consequence of n ews brought by the Esquimau%
Lats, whither no one could
that two ships had been wrecked last year (1822 five days'
journey to the north-east, where the wrecks still ),"
al• I he
d remain
truth of this report was confirmed
and iron, in their esseeasiorermcask-heads,
by the staves,
had gone away in They represented that the mewl.:
min who the sufferers were lAeu out, accompanied by the natives
Iloppner and party
as uides; but, after travel-
ling a few days, the latter declared they no would proceed
fur-
ther. They pointed to the
would be found, andtoldline
•
in which they said the guile
theiraseoerates they might go witbeet
them ; but the risk of fhllo er ng this counsel was WO greats and
the Europeans returned,after a fruitless
In thaw journeys, and their march.
continual migrations, valuer
itlice)4l.lcr..thYieTufli:)ditnseheiYi

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