The Sun.
London, England, 1841-11-24 00:00:00

THE BREVET.

We believe that the promotions likely to take ph.ce
on the ensuing Brevet will be as follow
To nE GENERALS.

'_ :-

Lieutenant-Generals whose commissions are date: on
or before day 27, 1823.
• To BE LU;i;TENANT-GENERALS.

Major-Generals whose commissions are dated on or
before July 22, 1830.

TO BE MAJOR-GENERALS.

Colonels whose commissions are dated from July 22,
1830, to May 20, 1836, inclusive.
To BE COLONELS. •
Lieutenant-Colonels of 1826, 1827, 1828.
To BE LIEUTENANT-COLONELS.
Majors of 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829.
To BE MAJORS.
. _

Captains of 1826, 1827, 1828.
It was generally expected that the Promotions wou'd
have appeared in last evening's Gazette, but a Supple-
ment to the Gazette will be published this day.

FRACAS AT THE OPERA IN
MALTA.
Toe Malta Times of sth instant, states that un-
usual excitement has prevailed in that island from a
fracas at the opera, which has ended in the prosecution
of some military and naval officers concerned in it, and
which was still going on before the Magistrates on the
sth. After mentioning that the Impresario, or ma-
nager of the opera, had been lately changed, this
journal proceeds to say :—"The public had justly become
tired of the old system, foralthough the latemannger was
qualified for such an office, he did not by any means do
justiceto the public. Mr. Amore was then succeeded
by Mr. Lcouardis, a gentleman well acquainted with
both the theory and practice of music, and an
accomplished bass-singer. During the interval of the
cessation of the opera, great paina had been taken by
Mr. Amore's party to get up a strong opposition to
the new Company, and to prevent, if possible, its suc-
cess. Uufortunatcly, the opening of the Opera
gave some prontise of success to this faction, con-
sisting principally of uneducated, if not disreputable
people. Passing the Giuramcnto, which went off
tolerably well, we natice the Fiolia del Regi-
ment°, which, from the want ofttet, was got
up so badly that it completely faiied. Then came
the evening of the 29th ult., when Lucia di Lammer-
moor was introduced to the peblie. This piece had
the peculiarity of being represented in One of its cha-
racters by Mr. Leonardis, the obnoxious Impresario,
the person who was originslly designed for the cha-
racter, S.g. Donaddio being sick. But no sooner did
Mr. Leonard's appear on the stage in the second scene
of the first act, than a burst of the most indecent disap-
probation broke forth, accompanied with throwing of
pence, eggs,
and other missiles. The noise and up-
roar exceeded greatly that on the representation of the
Fig lie del Regimento, which we have al ready charac-
worthy only of ruffians
chiefly arose
tensed as being and a disgrace
I his tumult
to all civilised seeietY-
is" h i 3 usually flied, in the greater
from the pit, which
and
with • val and military officer ,
s as these, with-
outpart, naval
favourable to there being a fair trial
exception, were
given to Mr. Leonardis, and his new company, great
indignation was manifested
by them, while at the same
time they endeavourd
port the representation
with
their enthusiastic applause
of the evening, and
the first act passed off, though with considerable
nee
In the mean
d
tumult, and the second commenced.—ln
while, it had been well observed that the plaudits of
the public were almost universal, proceeding from
from a
every part of the theat e, and
the uproar only
very few persons, and these of that class who, if they
were not paid to disturb the opera by the personal
"
enemies of Mr. Leonardis, were evidently indivi-
duals
who had a peculiar pleasure in disturbing the
public tranquility.—The consequence was perhaps
just as might have been foreseen. A number of gen-
dolmen, chiefly wearing her Majesty's uniform, rese up
with instinctive and sympathetic indignation, and turned
out of the opera the whole of the ruffians who were in
the pit, hooting, hissing, making violent ejaculations,
and throwing missiles at the performers. (A stick
was thrown at the Prima Donna !) It is clear that
this could not have been done without great con-
fusion—and confusion did follow, which, as the phrase is, ' beggars description.' The Police assisted in I
turning out the disturbers, and in restoring order, and
were successful, for, in the short time of a quarter of
an hour, all was perfectly quiet. The plates, or pit,
was immediately filled again, both with Maltese and
English, and the opera terminated admirably well,
interrupted at times only with bursts of universal ap-
plause. Here we may mention, that the opera on
Tuesday evening last was attended to almost suffocation
both by Maltese and English, and was universally ap-
plauded. On Tuesday morning some dozen of the
rioters were summoned before the Police Court, two of
whom were sentenced to one month's imprisonment,
three to eight days, and the rest were liberated. The
proceedings were conducted by the Magistrates, Messrs.
Zamtnit and Harper, with great moderation and good
sense, though frequently interrupted, and, we add, very
few will deny the
justice
of the sentence. We under-
stand that some of the pergolas who were attacked will
bring up their assailants to the Court."

INTERNAL COMMUNICATION

WITH INDIA.

The progress of internal communication in Bengal
is developed at great length in a report made in the
month of August last to the Government authorities
by the Military Board, which, besides containing an
account of what has been 'done during the official
year ending April, 1841. gives a general review for
the past 20 years. In this review we find the Grand
Turk-road from Calcutta, described as the main artery
of communication throughout Bengal and Hindostan,
extending to a length of 770 miles, with a general
Breadth of 30 feet, increased in some places to 40.
It has already 1,402 bridges of various extent of open-
ing, has cost, exclusively of convict labour, 1,228,000
rupees, and is likely to cost 10 lacs more during the
three years required for its completion. The road
from Pooree to Bissenpore, which connects Orissa with
Bengal, and which is commonly known as the Jugur-
math-road, is held to be of the next importance, and has
Cost about 1.5 Lacs, or at the rate of 5,415 rupees the
mile. The expense of the road from Calcutta to Kish-
nagur is estimated at 2,700,000 rupees, or 4,736 ru-
pees the mile for the 70 miles. The road from Sylbet
to Gowhatty, the capital of Assam, across the Cassia
hills, was in active preparation, and in this line of com-
munication the two torrents of the Bur-panee and the
Boga-panee are to be spanned with suspsnsion•bridgcs.
The Deccan road from Mirzapore to Jubbulpore, a
distance of 239 miles, and commenced in 1824, had
been completed lately ; its cost in the fifteen years,

exclusive of the labour of convicts, had been eight lies
of rupees. Another road, small in point of expense,
but of great importance, was also in progress from the
eastern frontier of Bangal, through Cacbar, and across
the Munipore hills to the limits of the Burmese empire.
Besides these roads, which are stated to be the most
prominent, a variety of district roads have added greatly
to the local convenience of the people, and have pro.
portionately occupied attention. The total outlay for all
the roads to which allusion is made has been 57,34,223
rupees, and from which there is no return. A toll on a
road is unknown.

The canals which fringe the eastern part of the city
of Calcutta, and connected with the Isamuttee river,
are of the highest importance to the welfare of the city,
as the produce of all the eastern districts is thus brought
to it with little or no risk. Those have cost in the
whole about 16 lac of rupees, which now includes the
erection of five suspension bridges. To improve
Tolly's Nullah, seven suspension bridges have been

thrown across it at a cost of 179,381 rupees. The
canals west of the Jumna have been repaired at an
expense of 1,566,500 rupees, which, with a further out-
lay on the Dooab Canal, west of the Jumca of
579,164 rupees, makes, with other expenditure,
a total outlay of 4,963,288 rupees, in con-

structiog and repairing canals in the Presi-
dency. The canals are very productive of revenue,
for the tolls on those in the vicinity of Calcutta are
said to yield on an average 121,800 rupees a
year, while the annual average charge for their mainte-
nance appears to be about 45,000 rupees. Hence it is
argued, that the Government cannot do better than
lay out funds for their extension and improvement. In
reference to these canals it is remarked, that while the
toll remained at the rate of one rupee the 100 mounds,
the proceeds were 126,000 rupees, but when the Go-
vernment liberally reduced the levy by one-half, they
fell in the succeeding year to about 60,000 rupees.
This fall, it was ultimately discovered, arose mainly
from the corruption of the native collectors, which had
been so far remedied by close observance, that in the
last year (1840) the cellection again rose to 122,000
rupees, showing that the State receives the same return
as when the import was double its present amount. The
canals east and west of the Jumna exhibit the most gra-
tifying results, not only in respect of the means they
supply to the agricultural community for the irri-
gation of upwards of 100,000 acres of land, but in
direct money returns. The sum expended on the
canals west of the Jumna by the British Government
has been 1,566,500 rupees, maid the annual amount
levied as water rent is 25:8,826 rupees, or more
than 161 per cent. While toe outlay has therefore
been in the whole 151 lees of rupees, the returns
up the end of the year 1840 had been 21-i lacs.
la restoring the Dooab Cantd, the cost to the Go-
vernment was 5 lace and 80,000 rupees. The
direct return in rupees up to the end of 1840 has
been 5 lacs and 13,000 rupees. At the end of the
official year, the whole sum expended by the Go-
vernment had been reimbursed to the public coffers,
and an annual income of 6,000 rupees might be ex-
pected for the future. The tolls on the Nuddea rivers
produce a clear annual surplus ot! I lac and 12,000 rupees.
And now adverting more particaularly to what has been
done during the official year of 1..840, we find that in the
department of canals the Government has sanctioned an
outlay of 23,000 rupees for deere-a fling a canal in the Hid-
gelee district for the express (Abject of facilitating the
transportation of salt. The other expenses in connexion
with canals have been incurre d partly in reference
to those near Calcutta, and pa rey to those on the
east and west of the Jumna. 'She former appear to
have cost in necessary repairs a. sum of about 14,000
rupees, independently of an iron suspension bridge at
Ooltadanga, over the Circular Canal, amounting to
12,000 rupees. On the Dooab Canal has been ex-
pended 71;500 rupees in the construction of aqueducts,
with the view to the further extensi ion of the benefits
of irrigation. The total amount ,of money expended
in canals (luring the year under consideration was
2,57,813 rupees, the returns 4,69,197 rupees, being a
clear profit of 2,11,384 rupees. 'rho new roads were
progressing steadily. The road fi 'om Burdwar to Be-
nares is completed,'as far as regards earth work, to its
full height and width. On this undertaking there had
been an outlay of 6,00,000 rupees, and it will re-
quire an equal outlay to complete it. The road
from Patna to Gya would have the. benefit of a grant
of 70,000 rupees, and fnr the roa d to Darjeching a
revised estimate of 28,000 rupees would be appro-
priated. The proposed road froth Agra to Bombay
had been negatived from the facto f the enormous ex-
pense it would entail. The total out lay in public works
for that period was 9,69,686 rupees, which produced a
return of 4,69,197 rupees, thus lea sing 5,00,489 rupees
as the difference between expenditutre and ruturn. On
this the India journals remark that it is an expenditure
of less than one per cent. on the la,aal revenues of these
provinces, and that however much the public may be
grateful for these improvements, it 'exhibits much nig-
gardeess as compared with the revent 'e the Government
authorities derive from the territory of which they are
the useful and necessary ernbellishrnea t.
A correspondent who compliments . us on the satis-
factory account we gave of the prop ess of Arracan a
few days ago, wishes it to be states!, and which was
not noticed among the causes which were laid before us
as contributing to the increase in the wealth and popu-
lation of that province, that slavery was abolished there
tic the year 1834. He states further that Arracan is
the only province in India where slavery has been
totally abolished.—l'intes.

A N AFFRAY WITH SMUI 3GLERS. -- The
Netnorial of Pau relates that, a few days ago, a brigadier
of gendarmerie, named Gasquet, and of le of his men, Ilias,
were on the watch for smugglers near IN !ascuru, wher. they
saw eleven men, all armed with blt geons, and nine of
them carrying packs, advancing by thse road. Notwith-
standing the superiority of numbers, tihe two gendarmes
determined to do their duty, and ad% arming towards the
band summoned them to lay down th eir burdens. This
being refused, the gendarmes proceedc d to make a seizure,
and Gasquet received a severe blow . with a bludgeon.
He returned this with a shot from 'his carbine, and a
lunge with his bayonet, but, being severely beaten about
the body. and wounded in the leg, arid at the same time
believing that his comrade was kilt xl, he contrived to
escape into a wood, and thence mad( ! his way back to
the village. Iliac fought with great obstinacy until he
was disarmed, and had no more means of defence, when 1
he made a feint and fell as if killed. The smugglers,
believing, him dead, moved oil; but, ox I second thoughts,
retraced their steps, and determined to: hang him on a tree
in terrorent. Hias, however, had contarived to drag him-
self into concealment among some roc ics, and thus saved
himself from his intended fate. Althoiii :h the gendarmes
fired only two shots, one of the smuggl et :s was killed, and
two wounded in the shoulder. All it e survivors have
since beep captured, and are now in cizsi ,ody.
THE BEY OF TUNIS.—The Journal des
Debuts publishes the following det ails relative to the
Presenting four horses which the lii.ng of the French
of Fran
i sent lately to the Bey of Tunis :—"- eh e Bey, who has
Arajesty's satisfaction, [ given in latter timesh so many proofs of .zeal for the in-
terestsj.ust received, as a proof of his
of the purest
the
..n, four magnificent Norman horses
abrimoosd, bearing rich harness, with
Achiret Bey's
Royal lit -ery. It was a
riders attired in
, and a cot Lehman and out-
to his resid
that which conveys LouisanPli
curious sight to see equipage similar to
Philip pe from. . his Pa-
lace of the Tuileries
,exipressed his satis-
factionslietevoar, and, after
para-
ding the streets of Tunis. The
Been, at Neuilly
metilof the Came-
leon,
at this mark of his Majesty's
whence
eproesiented
thanking the French Consul and theccio
which conveyed the horses, A
himself on the terrace of his palace,
the cortege defile, and such was his it apatience to try his
seehis
new equipage, that he had hi tuself immediately
conveyed by it to his palace of the Manouba,t and
thence on the following day to Malinioudieh, a
country-house situate three leagues from Tunis,
to the astonishment of his fanati cal subjects, who
could not comprehend how he suffered?. a Christian coach-
man to sit upon a seat higher than that upon which he
was placed. Achmrt ]3ey, in return., sent the King of
the French his war-horse anti ma;;tificent trappings,
three lions, an ostrich, and sumptuous; ;stuffs embroidered
with pearls, gold, and silver. Comma
and splendid
a nder Poultier, of
the Cameleon, received a gold snuff-
sabre, and each of his crew was presented with gratui-
ties far exceeding in amount what would be considered
munificent by European potentates.
POST-OFFICE ANOMALY..-- A letter for
London must be posted at the large and important agri-
cultural town of Newbury, distant from the Reading
Station 17 miles and a half, and 56 miles from London,
only just one half hour later than in the city of Exeter,
44 miles from the Bridgewater Station, and 195 miles
from London. A letter, without pf tying any fee, can be
posted at Taunton or Bridgewater h slf an hour later than
in Reading, although one town is distant from it 123
miles, and the other 112, and the same train takes all
the letters.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
ROLLS' COURT, Nov. 24.

THE SHEFFIELD CANAL COMPANY v. THE SHEFFIELD
AND ROTHERHAM RAILWAY COMPANY.
This cause was resumed, the depositions were read,
and Mr. Bacon was heard for the defendants, after which
Mr. Pemberton replied.
The correspondence on which the plaintiffs founded
their prayer for the investment in Government securi-
ties of a sum to secure them 1001. a year, took place in
June, 1836, when the Railway Bill, which had paSsed
the Commons, was in the House of Lords. The first
letter was from Mr. Vickers, the Solicitor for the rail-
way, to Mr. Wake, the Solicitor of the Canal Company.
It was dated June 18, 1836, and stated that "in com-
pliance with the recommendation of the Committee, he,
as Solicitor of the Railway Company, undertook that
the proprietors should enter into a covenant to pay the
Canal Company 1001. per annum, the same to be applied
exclusively towards the repair of the Wicker." This
letter was answered on the Monday following, Juno 20,
by Wake, who submitted " that the matter must be
arranged by investment in the way he had suggested.
The reply to this was, on Monday, June 20, 1836, when
the solicitors for the Railway Company wrote to Wake,
that they had no objection to meet his views by investing
in the funds sufficient to raise the annual paymentproposed.
It was alleged that before Wake replied to this letter he
told Vickers that the investment ought tc be made before
the Bill proceeded to a third reading in the Lords, but
that he would consult Lord Wharncliffe, which he ac-
cordingly did ; and then he, on the forenoon of the 21st
of June, 1836, wrote to Vickers, " that he had had an
interview with Lord Wharncliffe, and yielding to his
Lordship's opinion, he, on behalf of the Sheffield Canal
Company, accepted the engagement on the terms of the
two documents. The plaintiffs then stated in their
bill, that the Bill having passed without any opposition
on behalf of the Canal Company, and received the Royal
assent on the 4th of July following, they relied upon
the agreement, but did not apply to have it carried
into execution until the 24th of April, 1838, when
they wrote to the solicitors of the Railway Company,
calling upon them to perform the engagement respecting
the annuity of 100/. ; and they again applied in June,
1838, when their solicitor received an answer, that if any
contribution was to be made, it would be matter of con-
cession and not of right ; and on further application they
received an answer that the Railroad Company did net
consider themselves at all bound to make any contribu-
tion towards the Wicker, in consequence of which the
present bill was filed. The defendants, in their answer,
said, that as the price of peace, and to remove all fur-
ther opposition, Vickers, on his own responsibility,
wrote to Wake the letter of the 18th of June, 1836 ;
that there was an interview with Wake that evening,
when Wake refused to accept the proposition made in
it, and insisted that the annuity of 1001. a year should
be paid to the plaintiffs fbr ever, and be paid to them
generally and not exclusively for the repairs of the
Wicker-road, and that the payment should be pro-
vided for by an investment in the funds ; Vickers
refused to accede to these terms, and Wake said he
should oppose the bringing up the report, to which
Vickers replied, " Very well, we will fight it out."
On Monday, June 20, 1836, Vickers received from Wake
a verbal message, to which an answer was returned,
requesting communications to be made in writing, and
in consequence Vickers received from Wake the letter
of June 20, 1836, insisting upon an investment and a
declaration of trust before the bill was further proceeded
with, or he would oppose its further progress, for he
would see Lord Wharncliffe and the Duke of Norfolk,
and stop the Report of the Committee on the bill from
being brought up ; on which Vickers said, " You are
vexatiously unreasonable. We will not delay the Bill.
There is an end to all arrangement. It seems we are to
fight it out to the very last. Be it so. We shall bring
up the Report to-night." The answer stated that there
the meeting ended, and the proposal made by Vickers
to Wake was no longer open for Wake's acceptance,
and the defendants submitted it was not competent
for Wake, after that meeting, to accept the pro-
posal, and that the defendants were not bound by it.
On the following day, the 21st of June, 1836, the Bill
was read a third time and passed, and it afterwards
received the Royal assent. Wake then wrote the letter
of the 21st of June, 1836 (" that he accepted the en-
gagement on the terms of the two documents.") Vickers
saw Wake that evening, and informed' him that his let-
ter was too late, and that the Bill had been passed. Wake
positively refused, at the interview which took place be-
tween him and the defendant's solicitors at two o'clock
on that 20th of June, to accept their proposals, and upon
such refusal the whole treaty was at an end, and Wake
was at liberty to oppose the Bill.
The cause was argued at great length. It was urged
for the defendants that the agreement had been entirely
put an end to at the interview where Wake insisted upon
the investment of the money and the declaration of
trust, and Vickers told him "he was unreasonable ;
there was an end to all arrangement ; we are to fight it
out to the last ;" and that Wake's letter, written after-
wards, accepting the engagement on the terms of the
two documents, came too late.

For the plaintiff it was argued that the main claim, the
claim of the 100/. a year for the repairs of the road, was
not in dispute, the difference arose only as to the manner
in which that money was to be secured, and that the
plaintiffs were upon the agreement clearly entitled to the
annual payment of she 1001.; and as to the second point,
that Wake had accepted the agreement proposed between
the solicitors, and had notified its acceptance in time, for
that the bill, when the report was brought up, and the
third'reading in the Lords was psssed, had been sent up
to the House of Commons for th4ir concurrence to some
amendments made by the Lords, So that Wake had full
opportunity of opposing the Bill, if no agreement had
been entered into.

Lord LANGDALE said, this was a new point, and Mr.
Kindersley might mention the case to-morrow after the
unopposed petitions.

KINDERSLEY said, if his Lordsh. would look at
the pleadings, he would see there w
,foundation for
the last argument. /4/

COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, Nov. 23.
THE QUEEN V. THE JUSTICES OF BERKSHIRE.
Mr. BYLES appeared to show cause against the rule
obtained in this case, calling upon the defendants to
show cause why a writ of mandamus should not issue,
directed to them, and commanding them to hear and de-
termine the complaint of Joseph Russell against the
stewards and members of the Cheshunt Friendly Society,
and why they should not direct the Society to pay over
to him the sum of 45/. It appeared that the Society was
established in the year 1807, and by their rules it was
provided that on the payment of a weekly subscription
the members were entitled, in case of sickness, to a sum
of one guinea per week for the first six months, and half
a guinea per week afterwards. The Society went on
prosperously for some years, when the members were all
young and healthy, but when they grew old and infirm
it appeared that the tables on which their calculations
had been founded were based upon wrong principles ;
they were in the high road to insolvency when, in 1835,
they passed a rule reducing the allowance in sickness to
10s. 6d. for the first six months and ss. 3d. afterwards.
Unfortunately, however, the Society had omitted to
enrol the new rule, and it was consequently of no force.
The applicant in the present case claimed the origina
allowance and arrears for the time past, and the matter
was, according to the rules of the Society, referred to
arbitration ; the arbitrator gave his decjsion in favour of
the Society, and Russell then appealed to two Magis-
trates, who refused to entertain the appeal on the ground
that they had no jurisdiction, and in consequence the
present application had been made to the Court. Now,
he submitted that the present was not a case for the in-
terference of their Lordships, because he knew of no
instance in which the matter in dispute having been re-
ferred to a third party, and adjudicated upon by him,
the complainant was entitled to the interference of that
Court.

Mr. GUNNING, having Leen heard at some length in
support of the rule.

The COURT was of opinion that the rule ought to be
discharged and with costs.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, Nov. 23.
FYSON V. CHAMBERS.
This was an action of trover against an auctioneer, to
recover certain goods, the plaintiff suing as the adminis-
trator of a person deceased. It was tried in Londonbefore
Lord Abinger, when a verdict passed for the plaintiff.
Mr. Erie early in the term obtained a rule nisi to set
aside the verdict, cause against which was now shown by
Mr. KELLY, who said the defence set up to the action
was that the goods belonged to a person who had been a
bankrupt, and although he had obtained his certificate,
still, not having paid 15s. in the pound, all his subsequent
property vested in his assignees. It appeared that the
bankruptcy was in 1832, but he contended that the fiat
was invalid, inasmuch as it was not shown that there
was any petitioning creditor's debt at the time of the act
of bankruptcy ; it was then said the plaintiff could not
take such an objection, because he had taken his certi-
ficate under it. He contended, on the other hand, that
the onus of proof respecting the validity of the Com-
mission was on the defendant. But his main objection
was that the defendant had not been put in motion, nor
did he represent the. assignees. Now, although the
assignees might haie claimed the property, they laying
by and taking no steps to disturb his possession, the
bankrupt had a right to keep his property against the
whole world. Here the assignees were quiescent, and
surely the law would not allow any other person to
rob or spoil him of property long enjoyed by
him with impunity. He could not find any case where
any person other than the assignees had been able suc-
cessfully to disturb even an uncertificated bankrupt in
property enjoyed by him after his bankruptcy. On these
cases had the defendant taken the property without the
deceased's leave, he might have maintained his action,
consequently, it could be maintained by his adminis-
trator.

Mr. Burr followed on the same side.
Mr. ERLE, in support of the rule, cited the case of
" Isaacs and Belcher," 2d Meeson and Waleitby; " But-
ler and Hobson," 4 Bosanquet, 246 ; and several cases,
anti contended that the plea of " not possessed " opened
up the whole question of ownership of the property.
Mr. BARSTOW followed, and.
The CounT took time to consider its judgment.
(Sittings at Guildhall before Mr. Baron ALDERsoN.)

lIINTON V. WEEKES.
This was an action brought to recover the sum of 168 L,
being the amount of a bill of costs.
Mr. Sergeant Bompas with Air. Ball appeared for the
plaintiff, and Mr. Knowles for the defendant.
The plaintiff was a solicitor in Bristol, and the de-
fendant a widow lady, residing in Bath. It appeared in
evidence that the defendant was possessed of certain
freehold property at a place called Barton, in. Gloucester-
shire, which became the subject of a law suit, and she
employed two solicitors named Bushe and. Prideaux, to
conduct it. Not being satisfied wits them, and being re-
duced to great poverty by the law expense:, a friend.
named Mrs. Maria Ipsley, recommended her to the
plaintiff—she (Ipsley) telling him at the same time of
the defendant's poverty, and that he was to deporl alone