The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-22 00:00:00

THIRD EDLTION OF

Parliament upon the suspension of the corn and navi-
gation laws;is so welcome, that a little mrsiflage may
be readily swallowed.

the continued prosperity of Ireland, were originally
twenty-three in number, but several were joined
together at the meeting, so that in many instances
different principles are involved in one proposition.
The first resolution deprecates the direct employment
of the mass of the people by the State, and any system
that does not lead to the increase of food or articles
that may be exchange&for food, and deduces there-
from that any measures of relief for the able-bodied
ought to have for their object the encouragement of
the employment of labour by private individuals in
productive works, and that the whole energies of
the State should be applied to the absorption of
surplus labour, the affording facilities for private
employment, and the removal of the impediments that
now obstruct it. These are shortly the points
embraced, and it is impossible not to agree in the
soundness and propriety of the principles laid down.
It was by these very principles that the Government
were actuated in framing the provisions of the Labour-
rate Act ; and had that statute been carried into
execution in the manner contemplated by the Ministry
it would have had the most beneficial effects. It was
never supposed that the means thus afforded for the
absorption of the surplus labour, in the execution of
public works that were left to the selection of the in-
habitants of the districts to be benefited thereby,
and the expense of which was to be defrayed by easy
instalments, spread over a period of ten years, would
have superseded all private enterprise and exertion—
would have led to the total abandonment of the agri-
cultural operations so necessary for the welfare of the
proprietors and occupiers of the land, and of the
country in "general—would be made use of so 'reck-
lessly and with so little regard for the character of
the works selected and sanctioned at the several
sessions, that what was intended to be merely an
auxiliary would be adopted as the chief, if not the
only, mode of employing the population. Had its
provisions been judiciously used, in place of being, as
was unhappily the case, abused, the results would
have been most valuable, and we might hereafter
have said, in the words of the Select Committee on
the state of the poor in Ireland, in 1830—" That the
effects of these public works have been extended cul-
tivation, improved habits of industry, a better ad-
ministration of justice, the re .establishment of peace
and tranquillity in disturbed districts, a domestic
colonization of a population ikexcess in certain dis-
tricts, a diminution of illicit distillation, and a very
considerable increase of the revenue." We do not
now seek to enter into or investigate the causes that
led to this failure, or to make charges against any
parties or classes. We think there has been too
much recrimination, too great an anxiety to fix blame
on every side. We merely desire to vindicate the
Ministry from the imputations that have been cast
upon them, to justify them from the reproaches with
which they have been most unjustly assailed. Great
facilities had been given to, and inducements held
out, for private employment. Series of Acts relating
to works of drainage, &c., enabled any landowner to
obtain a loan at a moderate rate of interest, with
ample time for the discharge of the principal, for the
improvement of his property. True it is that these
Acts were not as perfect as they might have been
made, but much could have been effected under them,
as may be seen from the report of the Highland and
Agricultural Society, to which we some time since
adverted, had they been duly used and taken advantage
of; and, in order to give still greater facilities, the
Executive took upon themselves the grave and serious
responsibility of sanctioning large expenditures in a
manner different from that authorised by the Legis-
lature. They have been charged, too, with diverting
the labour of the country from the ordinary agricul-
tural operations, that are of such vital importance
that an adequate supply of labour could not be ob-
tained by the farmer to cultivate his fields. It is
scarcely necessary to repeat that the rule, long since
adopted and published by the Board of Works, is
that every individual desirous of giving employment
to any number of men, may have persons assigned
to him from the public works, and if the persons so
assigned refuse to work for him, they will forth-
with be discharged, and never again obtain public
employment. The neglect of tillage and the want of
preparation for the forthcoming harvest, therefore, is
not to be ascribed to the Government works, or the
effects of the Labour-rate Act, but to the indisposition
of the farmers themselves to take the necessary steps.
Having thus rendered simple justice to the acts and
motives of the Government, we are convinced they
will still do everything in their power to cause the
absorption of the surplus labour, to afford facilities
for private employment, and to remove the im-
pediments that now obstruct it.

"THE SUN,"

The Parliamentary campaign has opened in close
accordance with the prediction we ventured upon a
few days back. This is manifest, as much by what
has passed without, as within, the walls of St. Ste-
phen's. In the House of Commons, Sir R. PEEL has
already declared, in as unreserved a manner as he
could, consistently with the mere announcement of
the general outline of the policy the Ministers mean
to pursue, his determination to give to the Govern-
ment his cordial support. This manly avowal has im-
parted stability to the Administration. Nothing would
have been easier than for Sir R. PEEL so to have
shaped his course on the first night of the session as
to have ensured, within a short period, the overthrow
of the present advisers of the Crown. The agricul-
tural nature of the questions, officially decided to be
the first to engage the attention of the Senate, and
the specious reflections which he might, with his
known skill and address, have cast upon the past
errors (if any) of the Government—first, in connexion
with Ireland ; next, in regard to the delay in open-
ing the ports—left nothing undesired to the ex-Premier
had he coveted an opportunity for accomplishing the
resignation of the Cabinet. Instead, however, of in
viting any political combination which would have
produced such an untoward result, Sir R. PEEL, by
the declarations he has made, at the earliest possible
period, has assured the Government that he will sus-
tain them against any Protectionist opposition in the
same honourable spirit in which Lord JoRN RUSSELL
and his, party, in the last session, supported him
against the same force ; and that he will likewise con-
sider their past and present difficulties with sentiments
of forbearance and generosity. Such conduct was
disinterested, noble, and patriotic ; and such being
the part which Sir R. PEEL was prepared to take, it
mattered little, except in so far as the economy in
time was concerned, what were to be the tactics of the
Protectionists. To Sir R. PEEL, and not to them,
did the country look, and will continue to look, for
that additional Parliamentary strength (beyond what
is included in the ranks, exclusively Ministerial), of
which the Government may stand in need
for succcessfully carrying through the different im-
portant measures required to redeem us from a
national crisis of a very alarming character. We
are not indifferent to the advantages of Unanimity,
but we suspected that the reason we were not bereft
of them by the Protectionists, in either the Upper
or Lower House, during the debate on the Address,
sprang not from choice, but necessity. We knew
the monopolists to be of a class of politicians on
whom the lessons of experience are lost, whose pre-
tensions to wisdom render them a laughing-stock, and
whose impulses of humanity never cross the
frontiers of selfishness. Their quiet demeanour on
the first night of the session is to be attributed, not
to any change in their nature or opinions, but to
the awful ordeal of harrowing distress which
thousands upon thousands of our fellow-beings have
been, and are still, destined to undergo in Ireland and
the Western Highlands. As a party, then, the
Protectionists would have been utterly gone, beyond
all salvation of credit with the country, had they
held any other language than that of sympathy
for the keen afflictions of their Scotch and
Irish brethren. Wise in their own generation, they
merely bowed to the storm, and whispered a disposi-
tion to acquiesce in meliorative measures.
No sooner, however, has an harmonious answer
been given to the Speech from the Throne than out
bursts the Lord of Goodwood, with all his pristine
virulence. Impatient of the decent restraint in
which he had been fettered for a few hours,
his Grace the Duke of RICHMOND rushed
to Brighton, to preside at the dinner of
the Sussex Agricultural Protection Society, which
came off yesterday. Closely associated as this chi-
valrous Peer is with Lord STANLEY, the observations
of his Grace furnish us with a satisfactory clue to
the animus of the party. The ducal speech was
fraught with sweltering venom. Old sores were
rudely ripped open—the " duplicity of Sir ROBERT
PEEL, lost to every honourable feeling, his conduct
of last year a disgrace to the English House of Com-
mons and to the national character, the unprin-
cipled legislation of the House of Lords, &c."

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LAW OF SETTLEMENT.

A FULL REPORT of LORD JOHN RUSSELL'S
SPEECH on the LAW of SETTLEMENT, will
be given TO NIGHT, JAN. 22, in a THIRD
EDITION of " THE SUN."

CUSTOMS AND EXCISE DUTIES
A FULL REPORT of the CHANCELLOR of the
EXCHEQUER'S SPEECH, on.his moving that the
whole House resolve itself into a Committee, will
be given TO-NIGHT, JAN. 22, in a THIRD
EDITION of " THE SUN."

—these, and similar hair-brained sentences,

formed the staple commodities of the Duke
of RICHMOND'S peculiar and unrivalled oratory. A
great check would be given to intoxication could a
drunken man only once recognise himself in a glass.
In like manner, a man drunk with passion is equally
incorrigible, from being unconscious of the ridiculous
figure he cuts under the influence of morbid excitement.
It would be idle to assure the agricultural Peer that
his inflated harangues are suicidal. His Grace has
'the greatest confidence in the good sense
of the people of England ;" the people must
grievously lament they cannot return the com-
pliment. His Grace is for " pulling off his
gloves by and bye, and having a stand-up
fight." All this is very jocose bombast, sound, and
fury, signifying nothing. Better far for his Grace
to run back into the school-room, and store his mind,
than remain truant in the play-ground, blowing
bubbles in the air. There are many excellent traits
in the Duke of RICHMOND'S character, but his re-
peated hallucinations are painful in the extreme.
Don QUIXOTE had his individual excellences, but
his greatest admirers blush for his pranks among the
mountains.

Constantinople papers to the Ist have bees received.
They confirm the intelligence previously received of a
change in the Turkish Ministry. SAID PACHA suc-
ceeds KOSREW PACHA as Seraskier. The Journal de
Constantinople of the Ist informs us that the ex-Grand
Vizier IzzaT MOHAMED PACHA, who had been living in
exile since his dismissal from the post of Governor of
Adrianople, intended to fix his residence in Constanti-
nople. The Constantinople customs fur the ensuing
year have been sold to a company of Armenian:bankers
f0r1120,000 purses (600,0001.)

Madrid papers of the 14th have arrived.
According to the Herald°, a new Ministerial combina-
tion is contemplated, which will include Mori, BRAVO
Muntu.o, and CA.SA IRUJO as members of a Cabinet of
which ISTURITZ is to continue the chief. The discus-
sion on the Address had commenced in the Senate.
'
TRISTANT is at the head of a large band of Carlists
in Catalonia, and notwithstanding the exertions of Gen.
BRETON,
isles forces are continually increasing.
His plan
seems TnisTANY
to be by feigning to retreat before the
QUEEN'S forces to endeavour to lure them into the
mountains, where guerillas always fight regular troops
at an advantage.
GONZALES BRAVO and MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA. have
14.—The Three per Cents.
both arrived at Madrid. Don ENRIQUE is confined to
his bed by illness.
A
the Five per Cents. closed at 20i ;
Coupons, 18'4,1.
dectiDedrup to B3°l
ILis;A' ,TAN.

On Saturday last we referred to the great meeting
of Irish landlords, which was held in Dublin on the
preceding Thursday, and expressed our cordial ap-
probation of the unanimity that existed among the
persons assembled together on that occasion, consist-
ing, as they did, of all classes and varieties of political
and religious creeds and parties, and also of the im-
proved spirit by which Irishmen in general are now
influenced. They now appear to be conscious
of the real difficulties of their position, the formidable
nature of the dangers with which they are menaced,
and the imperative necessity for vigorous and united
exertion, to enable them successfully to encounter
these difficulties and dangers, and to preserve their
country and themselves from the perils by which they
are environed. We have already cautioned them
against in any degree passing the boundaries,
or seeking to effect any objects save those for
which they are legitimately appointed. The Irish
party must restrict their exertions, as a party, to
things exclusively relating to Ireland and the Irish,
in seeking to obtain full and perfect equality in
every respect, and procuring such laws for Ireland
as will bring into active operation her industrial re-
sources, will provide abundant and useful employ-
ment for her population, will bring her fields into
proper cultivation, and develop the natural fertility of
her soil. This is the battle-field on which they must
triumph ; but if they abandon, or pass beyond its
limits, they will lose their efficiency and power, and
meet with defeat and disappointment. They should
also be moderate in their demands, and be well con-
tented if they can procure redress for the grievances
under which their country still suffers, and not press
for reparation for bygone wrongs, for injuries that
have been removed. We have ever advocated to the
utmost of our ability the rights of the sister kingdom,
have exposed the errors of the inequitable and unjust
laws by which she was so long misgoverned, and have
hailed with delight the better feeling that has lately
been exhibited towards her. We have appreciated
the Irish character, and have never withheld the ex-
pression of our respect and regard for the people, or
used a single reproachful or injurious term towards
them. We have felt that they were indeed our
brethren, and ever desired to cement more closely the
bonds by which we are united. And such, we trust,
will be our course so long as there is a single grievance
unredressed, and that the demands of the nation are in
accordance with natural justice. 'We, therefore, feel
that it is unnecessary for us to disclaim any hostile or
unfriendly feeling in any observations we may feel it
our duty to make on what has taken place. Whenever
the proceedings are entitled to praise, praise shall be
awarded, but whenever we conscientiously differ we
shall state our dissent in a fair and candid spirit, with-
out any abuse or personality against individuals or
classes. We commented upon the propositions for
temporary measures when they were promulgated by
the committee. We shall therefore now direct our
attention to the second class of suggestions.
The resolutions respecting the permanent measures
which Are considered necessary for the future safety,

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.

Thu
debate was continued
in
catmhee
Ch
Spanish
marriagesunder discussion on Tuesday. The Due DE BROGLIE'S
amber of
Peers,
o enrs, the
and Addressthe
was the great speech of the day. He defended the con-
duct of M. GITIZOT throughout the transaction, but, as
he assumed that Lord PALMERSTON had put forward the
Prince of Coboarg as a candidate—an assumption
grounded on the garbled extracts from the dispatches
which M. Guizo'r presented to the Chambers in the first
instance, but which is manifestly contradicted by the
dispatches themselves when read in their unmutilated
form—the speech of the Noble Duke is un coup
manqué. The publication of these dispatches in their
unmutilated form, a publication reluctantly forced upon
M. GutzoT by the representations of the Marquis of
NORMANDY, has produced a great change in public
opinion in Paris. The Constitutonnel, which had main-
tained a guarded silence until the publication of the un-
garbled dispatch of Lord PALMERSTON, now breaks
ground, and, after remarking upon the energetic remon-
strances of the English Government against the muti-
lation of an important document, and upon the manner
in which, at length, M. GUIZOT " does execution upon
himself" by its publication in an unmutilated state, it
thus (at the conclusion of an article in which the con-
tents of the dispatches are discussed at length) sums up

the state of the case:—
" It is, therefore, not true that in the interview at the
chateau d'Eu England engaged herself to oppose every. can-
didate who might not be of the house of Bourbon. She pro-
mised only her neutrality. It is not true that Lord Palmer-
ston was the first to introduce the Prince of Cobourg as a
candidate, on which subject there had been previousonen-
tion, even in the document emanating from Lord Aberdeen.
cited by us above. It is not true that there has been in
England, in the one Cabinet or in the other, a change of
policy. It is not true that the French Ministry was dis-
engaged, by the dispatch of July 19, from the obligation
of observing at least the procedes towards England. It
is not true that the rupture has not been caused by our
own act."

But it is not the Constitutionnel alone which thus speaks
out on the subject of the trickery of M. GUIZOT. The
Siecle, which, throughout the controversy, has expressed
its approbation of the marriages, and has on every occa-
sion endeavoured to lay the blame of the rupture of the
entente cordiale upon the English Government—the
Siecle is forced by the revelation of the truth, toac-
knowledge against its desire, that, as far as M. GUIZOT
and Lord PALMERSTON are personally concerned, nothing
can be more clear than that Lord PALMERSTON is right
and M. GUIZOT wrong : and this it says, still adhering
to its opinion that there is no violation of the treaty of
Utrecht in these marriages, and nothing objectionable
in them, in either a dynastic or national point of
view. It thus stigmatizes the conduct of M. GUIZOT,
in presenting to the Chambers garbled extracts from
the official dispatches, in order the better to get upa case
against the English Government :
" It is impossible, however, in presence of the documents

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVIEN !NG, JANUARY 22, 1847.

which have just been tardily communicated, not to allow
that M. Guizot had really altered the meaning of the dis-
patch of July 19, by merely publishing two or three
phrases in which Prince Leopold of Saxe Cobourg is named
as one of the three candidates, without giving the passages
in which it is again and again declared that the only desire
of the British Gouernment is that the choice should fall on
such one of these candidates as should present qualifi-
tions calculated to ensure the happiness of the Queen and
the prosperity of the Spanish nation, It may be supposed,
if one pleases, that this desire was not perfectly sincere, but
still the real text of the dispatoh ought to have been given,
and again, it ought not to be held beck that Lord Pal-
merston referred positively to the instructions given by his
predecessor. It is therefore, as we had anticipated, by a
gratuitous and lying fiction that M. Guizot, his journals,
his confidants, and his friends have endeavoured to throw
on the Whig Minister the wrong of a first violation of the
engagements that had been contracted, by crying up the
rigorous good faith of his predecessor. Once more, after
examination, we have to declare that the marriage in itself
presented nothing but what was suitable, both in a national
arid dynastic point of view. We think that the representa-
tions of Great Britain cannot be supported either by right
or by reasoning. But we by no means take on ourselves to
affirm that the negotiations have been constantly conducted
with frankness and good faith ; we are even forced at pre-
sent to allow that the principal reproach directed, and re-
peated so eagerly, against Lord Palmerston—that of having
failed in his engagements, religiously observed by his pre-
decessor—appears in the state of the question to be a flagrant
injustice. If, therefore, the insulting proceedings which
have been multiplied against the present head of the Fo-
reign-office stand for anything in the rupture of the good
accord between the two nations, it appears to us that a
severe account ought to be demanded for it from M. Guizot
and his colleagues."

The France, the organ of the Legitimatist party, says,
in referring to Lord ABERDEEN'S dispatch, which M.
GUIZOT had previously suppressed:—
" It results, above all, from the formal declarations of the
Tory ex-Minister, that, by the terms of the convention at
Eu, so often appealed to in the course of this discussion, the
part of England in the marriage question was simply to con-
fine herself to a passive attitude, without active proceedings
as without opposition, whether in favour of a Cobourg candi-
date or against him, in case he should be proposed. This
attitude, which is precisely what Lord Palmerston has
assumed, and which M. Guizot reproaches him with at pre-
sent, is to all appearance that which Lord Aberdeen, if he
had remained in power, would have taken. And yet Lord
Aberdeen was perfectly well acquainted with the celebrated
convention at Eu ; and yet M. Guizot has had the air, many
and many a time, of being desirous of appealing to the testi-
mony of the British ex-Minister."

The Epoque and the Presse are charged with the de-
fence of M. GUIZOT. The only defence the Epoque
makes is that, although the dispatches of Lord ABERDEEN
and Lord PALMERSTON resemble each other in words
their meanings are different, not chooaing it should
seem to recollect the important passage which occurs in
the very beginning of Lord PALMERSTON'S dispatch to
Mr. BULWER, viz., " In regard to the first question (the
QUEEN'S marriage) I have not at present any instruc-
tions to give in addition to those which you have re-
ceived from my predecessor in office ;" and the Presse
assumes that Lord PALMERSTON recotamended a Prince
of Cobourg, which is an assumption so grossly and pal-
pably false that it is impossible to attribute it merely to
mistake, and upon this groundless assumption it rests
the whole of• its defence.

There was a meeting of Deputies of the Left Centre
held on Tuesday night at M. GANNERON'S. It had
been summoned by M. TRIERS. Messrs. DUFAURE and
BILLAULT, who have separated themselves from M.
TRIERS had formed a body called the ?leo tiers•parti.
The following i 3 the programme of the two parties:—
M. TRIERS will make the question of confidence in the
Ministry depend on both the foreign and home policy;
and MM. DUFAURE and BILLAULT on the home policy
alone. M. 0. BARROT will side with M. TRIERS.

An ordonnance appears in the Moniteur prohibiting
the export of potatoes and leguminous seeds until the
31st of July.

The departments of the west continue in grew
disorder.

The debate on the Bill authorising the importation o 1
foreign grain is to come on on Friday, and it is ex
petted the free-traders will take advantage of the oppor.
tunity to inculcate their principles.