The Sun.
London, England, 1815-01-06 00:00:00

CONGRESS AT VIENNA.

;VIENNA, DEC. 14.—The 'fate of Saxony is,
whatever reports- Tay he afloat respecting it,
Still undecided. The Prussians, who hitherto
have. veered about, now begin to take a firm po-
sition, and loudly declare that they .cannot give up
Saxony again ! Consequently they have it, or.Tra7
ther Russia was pleased definitively to delivet it
tip to them. Russia, therefore, 001d:categori-
cally decide all this ! The honour of the nation,
they say, requires that Saiony should remain Prus-
sian, Which, they add, in the Prussian Monarchy
the, voice of the 'nation has loudly proelaimed.--,-
This was once the language of NapOleon, whose
. tone and manners are now, it seems, closely imi-
tated by some Cabinets. The Prussians did not
blush to declare, in Proclamations and newspa-
pers, that the majority of, the people of Saxony
wish the union of Saxony and Prussia. A. very
good reply was given to this in a pamphlet, en-
titled Do the Saxon people wish for a change of Go-
vernment ?

In the meanwhile it occurred, or was suggested
to the German Princes, who are members of, the
Berman- Committee, that they were bound in
honour to declare, that Saxony ought to remaim,
an Independent State. One should have thought
that the Ave Ducal Houses of Saxony .had the
nearest obligation to maintain this cause; but
who could have conceived' that the Duke of
'Weimar, unmindful of their common ai►cestor,
Frederick the Meek, and of the inalienable right
of primogeniture inherent in'the Ernestine line,
could not be prevailed upon to join the common
cause of the Saxon Dukes for the preservation of
their sacred rights ?—most likely 'on account of
his being a Prussian General ; and by the marriage
of his son, nearly allied to the Imperial House of
Russia. The other Dukes of the House of Saxony,
however, had the. courage to resolve on_ giving
in a Declaration against the cession of Saxony to
Prussia, and a sketch of it was really produced
and approved : but before it could be putt to writ-
ing, and delivered to the Congress, the Prussians,
and consequently. the Russians, also received no-
tice of it. The Emperor of Russia desired an in-
terview with. the Duke of Saxe Coburg, and ad-
dressed him in very severe terms on this subject.
The Duke of. Coburg, intimidated by the lofty
(tine which Alexander bad as.-.ttined towards
cowardly deserted a cause which honour and duty
equally bound him to embrace. It is said, that
the other Dukes experienced a similar treatment
from Prussia, which, even went so far as to
thieaten them, that if 'they engaged in future in
bi~nilar projects, they should be deprived of what
was now left to them.

This, therefore, is the free Congress of:lnde-
pendent States, which are assembled for the pur-
pose of giving to Germany a tree and firm consti7
Intim; 'this is the-language of those, who pre-
tend—to have taken i►p aims for the defence of
truth and justice, who promised order, tranquil-
lity, and liberty to the world, ,and security and
iweection of propertysto individuals: Certainly
Talleyrand is not very wrong in.saying—L'on a
fait la guerre,a la personae de Napoleon, mais non a
es principes. •
• For the last three months the Austrian, Rus-
sian, an‘i Prussian diplomatists manmuvre tac-
tically and stratagetically within the „narrow com-
pass of two,questions which 'concern the fate of
only Poland and Saxony. 1-low long will it be
btfore the fare of ntrhapPy Germa►ay will be de-
cided, which for years already has lifted up her
imploring hands towardS those, who, on entering
I►er territory, entirely ruined and laid it waste ; on
trussi►ug the Rhine,, on proclaiming the general
pence, and again lately at the Opening. of the Con-
.grvss at Vienna, have announced themselves
lo,►tdly and solemnly as her deliverers, as the re-
storers of her liberty, tra►►quillity, and security.

. VIENNA, Dix..l9 —lt is impossible, as yet, Co
:state,auy of,the resiilts of the political negocia-
_lions, though welbinformed persons assert, that
the. Emperor Alexander has made a gri',at- sacri-
fice in respect. to Poland, and thus furnished a
iiew proof, that no price is. too dear for the pre-
servation of the.peace Of Euriipe. It would, ne-
vertheless, be a great Mistake were we to con-
clude from this circumstance,ll,lat his compliance
would extend to those points,yinso, on which his
word is pledged and on which he is bound by
treaties. To this erroneous presunijit ion per-
haps, owing the delay that haS taken place in
the adjustment of many difficulties : for the next
question, alter the settlement of Poland, was to
be the indemnification of Prussia. On this point
there Cal/1)0C he much difficulty, as that Bower has
been solemnly promised, by the treaties con-
cluded with Russia, Austria, and ,England, that
if shall receive foil indeniu:ty, at leab,t to the
ainount of it-4 p-opulation in 1805.' Nothing but
the where and the-how can now be the subject of
iwgociation, as Prussia loses iu POJand 1,600,000
souls,—in the countries lately belonging to
ktituce,. and ,since guaranteed to the, Crown of
Bavaria, 100,000,—and in the acces,;loll3. pro.
/liked to the [louse of Hanover about. 0,000

iverson§;.
Prusftia may be perfectly indifcrent where these
indemnities arc assigned to her, provided they do
not lie too much detached. and do• not prevent
that compact union ►rhich e'. -r•; State mus.t strive
to attain as the shorte,;t ►v; to 'consolidate its
power, and to
,5CC1111: its frontiers. Thi'i is the
more necessary for Prussia, to it nllttt he the
vowel• which more particularly h.a►•e to pro.
It.et the i►or!'h of Germany, and to support the
Bejaia" provirices. According to' this view of the -
eubject, a very. crtoneous.judgutent islormed re-
.j-tcting Prussia, u•{seat site is arcusetl of a spirit
of aggrandisement because .she prefers a..claim to
Saxony... The very reverse might be asserted and
proved. Was not then, the former Electorate'of
Saxony al►vays to be .considered as an adjunct to
Prussia whenever the latter• was involved in war .?
and would nut Prussia., now so powerful possess
the like laucucc orez this country,-.and itt every

future i'car be strengthened by the addition UT nal
militia
~foree, if she received any other indemnity
than Saxony ?—for this state would necessarily
remain dependent on the other, since it geogra-
phical situation and the remains of the respective
nations render_ it just as much the satellite to
Prussia, as the moon is to the earth in the great
system of the universe.
So far, therefore, is the possession of Saxony
from being a just cause.of reproach against Prus7
sia, that it ought rather to be considered as a
proof that this- Power has no other aggrandise-
ment in' view thaw what is actually fitting for it,
and not merely as assured to it by treaties, but as
a guaiantee eqnally necessary for the repose and
safety-of Germans' as for that of the Netherlands,
and all those countries which might be endangered.
from the west. At the same :time, it ought "not
to be forgotten what extraordinary exertions
PruSsia has made foe the-good cause—what a spi-
rit was there enkindled, and still. continues to
born for the -welfare of. Germany. We might,
-therefore, with good reason, charge the powerful
voice raisol against the annexation of Saxony
with)Prossia to the account of ingratitude, were
it wi-obviets that the greater part of this oppo-
sitioh is owing to very different motives, and were
we not obliged to respect the love of justice in
which the- other part originates. 'f o the latter
we Might reply, that Saxony, as a nation, cannot
only not sustain any loss, since, it %rill
,continue
to enjoy its own constitution and government as
an independent- kingdom, 1)14 must necessarily
he a gainer, because its Constitution, purified
from its defects, will confer far superior benefits
on•the mass of the inhabitants—because its union
with an extensive Monarchy will
,afford greater
scope to its manufactures and commerce—because
it will now have large rivers at its command ; and
many things that formerly operated to its detri-
ment,, cannot now fail on the other 'And to pro-
mote its prosperity. How-much will. it also gain
in other respects ! How much more easily and
safely will the Government be administered !--
What: advantages will be gained by the ap-
plication of the sinus formerly wasted on studs
of horses, porcelain manufactures., &c. &c, to
useful-purposes ! What an alleviation will be af-
forded. by the saving of the heavy charges • for
the maintenance of the Coin t, the Diplomatic Body,
&c. ! Dresden, as the scat of the Government,
will be abundantly compensated for what it will lose
by the reduction of the establishment of the court,,
by the encouragement that will be' given to the
arts and sciences, and by what it must gain as the
central point for the meetings of the States. Leip-
sic awl Naumburg, protected and confirmed in
the possession of their municipal riglltS and privi-•
leges, cannot fail to be gainers, as a great part
of the roads leading to their gates,. and running
through the territories of the same Sovereign,
will not be subject to any transit duty, and. they
may avail themselves of the advantages of the
communication by means of the Elbe which flows
so lieu to -them. But wlio can calculate the be-
nefits.which Saxony will gain, when it' shall no
longer be the bone of contention between two
powerful neighbours, but an integral part of one
of those States ?

AS to the King of Saxony, he may be indem-
nified, if the high Allies should not choose to en-
force to. its full extent the right of conquest
against hint. That they possess this right, no
man certainly will dispute : for, notwithstanding
the summons from Kalisch,- and the mission of a
General on the part of the King of Prussia,
the King of Saxony was not to be persuaded to
make common cause against the enemy. With
him. public opinion, the entreaties of many of
his
.servants,..? the universal wish of tire Saxon
peop'le', hail no weight. What torrents or blood
might have been saved ! how many thousands of
families might pace been spared extreme affliction
and distress, if those fifteen thousand Saxons had
been allowed to fight for the good cause at Gross
Gorschen ! if Wittenberg and Torgau had been
placed
.at the disposal of the
.Allies ;
.and if the
latter could have calculated upon the great re-
sources which the arming of so many Volunteers,
who only waited for a signal front their Sovereign,
would have afforded ;,Providence blessed the
arms of the Allies ;. and after nine blothly battles,
they entered Leipzic' victorious, and there took
the King of Saxony. prisoner. Already was Alex-
ander at the gates, when a flag of truce from the
King solicited an armistice for 2.1 hours, which
of course could not be granted, as it would merely
have been the steads of faCilitating 'the retreat of
.Napoleon. The, Ring was therefore obliged to
submit to his •powerful adversaries ; and the 6rst
act of their magnaniMity was to employ the re-
sources of Saxony to no other purpose than to
secure the country against fresh inroads on the
part of France,,whilst it continued to be governed
under the influence of the Allies, it is true, but by
the Saxon. authorities as before., and many new re-
gulations were introduced to its permanent advan-
tage. • ,
_ _

Now.that the future fate of this country has
become :a subject of discussion, is it matter of sor-
prise that there should be proposals for iodemni-
tying the King of Saxony in Saxony itself ?, Such a
principality. would he still more dependent upon
Prussia than the former Electorate : and this
could not be to the interest of Austria. Inclosed
on all sides, without:iffy intercourse but what the
nei!..,,hbouritsg States might permit such a country,
with a capital like
.11rysden, which would soon
fall to decay, would, -with its former views upon
Poland and other possessions, presently become
the rallying point of the discontented. In such a
case, how is the enormous debt which oppresses.
Saxony, and which has been increased by these
unfortunate wars from .&;event4.4o to 38 millions
of dollars, tot be liquidated Whilst the govern-
ment paper rose considerably, through prudent
Management, soon after the battle of Leipzie, and
since the provisional occupation of the Prussians
has lately got: up several dollars per cent. ; it
would then, on the contrary, fall to nothing, and
involve all Saxony in utter ruin. So much is cer-
rain that the prosperity of the country cannot be
kept up, tintless Saxony, agreeably to the wise and
mighty assurance of Alexander, shall retain its in-
t egrity, and, as an independent kingddm under the
Priissian sceptre, %yid) a well-organized constitu-
tion, enjoy all the benefits wick cannot fail to
flow from this..source, and which alone are ca-
pabki of healing the severe woungs-inflicted by

dustrious and loyal inhabitants.
The report that England strenuously opposes
the annexation of Saxony to Prussia is generally
circulated ; brit the Min►sters of Great Britai
possess too much penetration not to view ti i_s
subject in its true light. Besides, England has
exerted herself in such a manner in favour of the
cession of Belgiutu,to Holland, and the aggr.►u-
dizement of Hanover, that she will certainly not
oppose a State which, like Prussia, aspires to no
addition, but merely to recover its former rank.
The cession of Genoa and Venice would have been
a far more suitable subject for the interference of
this jealous, protectress of the independence of
Governments. Those two-republics, formerly so
flourishing, sink incorporated with other .States
to the level of common cities ; whereas, a coun-
try like Saxony, which is still suffered to enjoy its
constitution, does not lose its independence.

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