The Sun.
London, England, 1812-08-20 00:00:00

POLICE.

GUILDHALL --Hollaizd and Lister, who were
charged on Tuesday with attempting to pick the
pocket of a gentleman on Ludgate-hill, were again
brought up yesterday; when the master of Hol-
land stated, that be had long acted in a most im-
proper manner, and could not be better disposed
of than being sent into his Majesty's service. The
prisoners were sent to the Tender.
Overall, a baker, in Lad-lane, was:con-
victed of ekposing for sale, bread of less weight
than is prescribed by law, and was fined in.tbe
mitigated penalty' of 25.. 6d. per ynuce.
E. Edwards was fully committed 'for rob-,,
bing John Lacklty, an aged man, and a resi-
dent of Henley-upon-TlistheS; of 54 guineas in
gold, on the preceding night, in Fleet-'-street.-
The complainant stattd,:that as 'he was walking
neat the corner of Fleet-street, between II and
12 o'clock; he was surrounded by SeVeral men,
who pushed him about/with great violence, He,
went .intO, Tempie-I, wine vaults toavoid them, ,
when the prisOner rushed in -after him, seized him
by the breast, and dragged, him out aniOng4t.:inis
companions in' tlic street,. put-his. baud forcibly'
into • his pocket;. and drew forth a small bag in
which were 5-1 ,guineas ; these he attempted to
give to a woman near him, when it fell on the
ground, and several of the gaineas fell out ;
ness immediately' grasped. the prisoner by the'
throat, and although, pressed on all sides, he kept
his hold until two Officers mile up, • and secured"
the•prisoner. None of the guineas were recover:-
ed. . ‘Jolin Baxter and Daniel Prince, two of the
patrole,- heard the cry of stop .thief ! and On
conning up, found the prisoner in the euetody- of
Lackey.'

J. titaitley, W.' Wells, and J. Bradley, were
charged with picking the pocket', of J. Goodwin,
in Meet-street, the night before, during the illu-
rninatiOn.---They were remanded.

A. 1711.711:, who was suffered to go at large on bail,
on Tuesday, after he had been charged with break-
ing- Mr. Mist's windows, in Fleet-street, was call-
ed, but did nbt appear. Mt'. Mist attended, in the
hope that some of the gentleinen alluded to, as
having assisted in breaking his windows ,would come
forward. Sir W. Lawns asked whether any such
gentlemen were in attendance; when the constable
of-theini,,!,ht said tliat.he had called at their houses
in St. Paul's, Church-yard', Doctors' Commons,
the Strand, and ••;t. Switbiri's-lane, and told them
that they were expected to appear before the Ma-
gistrate Land that they had promised to call uyon
Mr Mist, and make compensation-for the damage
sustaintql. Mr. Mist said, they had not called at
his hOuse before 12 o'clock;' he did 'not feel dis-
paed to tal4 additional trouble, however, and
should therefore take a legal remedy.
Bow-STIMET.—On Tuesday .evening, '
.David
E-manuel; w4s.- brought up., charged with unlawfully
buying guineas for more than their nominal
value. . . • ; • •

A witness for Solicitor the Mint.pro‘ ved
his go.,iug; to the prisoner's house, who keeps a
clot:1113s ,shop in Hemming's.cOhrt, -Haymarket,
havinwa conversation with him about the Sale and
purchase Of guineas; and atleugth.gelling them
-for- twenty-five shillings each' The prisoner said
-* he- would. give:the witness twenty-five shillings and
sixpence each, if he Ntonld brim; 'him a quantity;
that he had five hundred guineas up stairs, zinc'
intended- to 'take them. 'abroad himself. The
witness then retired, and 'gave a Signal to. Huai-
phries, the Bowstreet officer, Who was waiting
outside; he entered iminedia.tely, and took the pri-
soner into custody,. wl.lo resisted violently, asking.
Hif he .wanted.to roh hihi. Humphries replied that
he did not; but wanted the guineas lie: had just
H bought'. Three women assisted the prioner, and
seUrile ensued, in which' his waistco'ut-p,r,-ket
,kas torn' off. Humphries; 'observed him put- his
hand behind someclothes; he said something, to
the women in Ilehreyjr, which Humphries was per-
snaded, frenn ' his Manner, was for them to take
theguineas- aurgy, He succeeded in getting him
out Of the house, and gave himin charge of an-
, other..man., He then returned, and found the
guineas, marked, behind the clothes. On search-
ing him, i4counterfeit half-guinea was fohnd.—
lie was, ordered toffind bail to answer for the mis-
demeanour..

Joseph Levy and. ilenry .b were also charg-
ed with a sirnilar otThnee,, by .the -same witness,
at the Lion and Goat public-house, in St. James's-

An Attorney attended for the prisoners, and
Contended, that osl the transaction took place be-
tween the witness and Davis, Levy only being
present, and as. it was in a public-room, if he had
been there, he might as well have been implicated.
Mr. Nares, however, observed, that as the meet-
ing:had .been appointed b Levy,
,:and he I;tttended
with Davis -to atOtlegai , act shoul,l hold
and:ordered them both to
.find bail.•

ontrageiMs acts on Toes
day :night were worse, if possible, than on
day and it is to be lamented that the official pub-
lie notices that were posted up' announcing the
illominatiOn to take place, did not .contain a strict
caution against -discharging fire-arms, and lettifig
off fire-works in the streets, 'and air intimation
thatithose who- offekted woUld'ha punished with
the utmost rigour of, the law. The mob in Picca-
dilly on Monday night was organised and led by a

fellOw
_with a btigleAbiti; who collected Of t4A.;
persed theirs by: his blasts. ,
. A young Wonafin„ genteelly dressed; 1711 d. was
pa sing along Bow-street, had a squib thrown at
her, which went under her clothes and set them in
a blaze. The wretch who thtew the squib escaped
undiscovered.

A backtrey?Coach, with two ladies and two gen
tleznen in it, passing through the Strand opposite
Somerset-house, was attacked by a set of ruffians.
They broke the windows of the coach, forced. open
the doors, and threw inn-a number of fire Works,
which set fire, to the straw at the bottom of. the.
coach, burnt an eye of one-cif-the gentlemen, his
coat, and across his breeches„ One of the ladies
had a silk pelisse tiurnt; and the Other WHS burnt
across her breast. The alarm and terror that this
violent attack occasioned are moreeasilyconeeived
than described.. The parties came to the Office to
complain, but Mr. Nauss lamented that it was not
in his power to grant them any relief, unless they
could point out the individuals who 'did the acts.
Commissioner belonging to one of tile Pub-
lic Offices in Somerset-house came to the Wheel.
and stated, that there was such an immense crowd
assembled at . Somerset-house, and they were
throwing such. a vast number of dangerous . firet.
works, that he.was fearful for the safety of the
,building, It not being deemed an easy matter to
disperse such a large as'selphlage, an expedient
was thought of ;- the Stamp-office being the only
public office" that was illuminated, Alr.. Biudley,
;the Commissioner, was. applied to, and he ga-vc.
directions forAlre-_..lights to..be extinguished; the
mob then began to disperse, A large nullifier Of
officers and patrole, headed by Mr. Nares, went
there, 'When- the place was cleared, and the gates'
were shut. On Mr. Nares's return, be observed
two lads discharging pistols, and he , had them.
taken into custody, and sent to the watch-
house.

The inhabitants of Tice:adilly. and-St. James's-
street kept their lights burning much .later on
Tuesday than they did on Monday, in conse-
-qttenee of the devastation of Their windows -on
Monday night. Bacon and a party of the patrole
were again stationed there .to preserve order,r—
About, one o'clock yesterday morning they dis-,
covered four Officers in the Guards, at the door of
a house, near the top of St. jaines's-street, gv-
ing fire-works to the mob, and assisting in
ting off squibs ; they were requested to desist
from their conduct, but they did not attend to it ;
upon which Bacon told them that if. they per-
sisted, their dress should not protect them,
for he would take them into custody, and lock
them up in the witdohouse this threat
cooled them, and they retired into the house.
After this, Bacon and his party went into Eicca-
dilly, towards the Haymarket; they heard the
noise of a mob approaching ; it consisted of a
very large crowd of persons, preceded by two ro.
spectable looking inen„playingelaricnets,,followtil
by four arm in arm, and a woman with them.
The four men appeared to be respectablil persons,
in disguise like coal-heavers, and acted as leaders
of the mob. When they got to the top of St.
'James's-street, Bacon was discovered, and it was
buzzed among the leaders that he was among
them. They proc...!eded to Sir F. Burdett's house,
Where they, halted by command ; the ciariunets
played F God save the King,'. Rule Britannia,'
&c. The mob then had a general dance, after
whiCh they gave three huzzaS. Several voices then
called out to gothe Marquis Wellesley's; but the
leaders called out home, and they obeyed them, and
returned the way they came. When they got near
St. James's Church, the lights in the houses, op-,
posite were, gone out„; .the mob called violently
for lights : a stone was thrown, which broke one
of the windows or a house, at the same time at
man .knocked violently at the door .Bacon ran
up. to hiin, seized .him and recognised him to
be a man, named Impey, and challenged him
with being a thief ; one of the patrole came up at
the same time, and made the same charge. The
man denied_ being a thief,, but acknthvledged Oat.
they had seen him - the company of thievet--.
Yesterday morning he was brought from the
watch-house, examined before Mr. Nares, and
ordered to find bail.

.The following were also charged by Bacon and
his party :
William and John Martin for riotously and tit,
multuously, with d.iers others; stopping a.coach,
opening the doors, and being about to drag. out of
it two ladies . and a gentleman because the coact; -
man did not take Willis hat.. They were ordered
to find bail.
John Murray, and'several otherS were convicted
for letting off squibs. 0
: James Mason and Samuel Smith were charged
with firing off a piAol in Holborn.
,The office:
detected Mason, when Smith interfered to rescue
him, and threatened to- fire a pistol in the officer's
face. :They were. ordered to find bail.
Thomas Burris was_ charged by R. Limerick
with firing off a pistol. Mr. Nares identified this
man as.diseharging the pistol close to him when he
was,returning from Somerset-house: kle.was or-
dered to, find bail.

QUEEN- SQUARE. —. On Monday four persons
were brought up to this Office, before
FIELDING, Esq., charged by a lady with a con-
spiracy, and creating. a riot and disturbance in
and,riear her house. The persons complained of
were respectable trades-people, who had supplied
the lady With goods of various sorts in the way
of business and, on the other band, the defend-
ants charged her with swindling them out of
their property, and that they-came to her resi
dence solely for the purpose 'O:4 demanding
payment of their separate accounts. There
were several other- trades-people who -appear-
,ed against .-her, and -, sere particularly ur-
gent to have a warrant granted thein. under
charge also of defrauding them,. :when the Magic.`-'
trate. interfered, and 'strongly:recommended that
they should not pursue any hostile proceedings,
at the same time discharging those u ho had hecu
taken in 'custody. Ele then stated the unhappy
situation of the lady's arid particularly
called the attention of the.intended compW4oB4/t,
observing,, that her husband is now in prison for •
considerable sums of money, hoped that they
would permit her 4o return home unmolested,
notwithstanding whicb, he was obliged to order
two Officers to escort her to her residence.

si7)..Nisii,•:,CO'l,..),:i.k.i.

the, Spanish colonists Must have enjoyed unuer
nine European Spaniards, who had nothing to
dread but an examination of theit conduct at two
thousand leagues distance from the theatre of
their injustice.
The rouse' de of this systern suffie
ciently apparent. Prosperity, and its foil:elation,
security, were Duly Ao..be found in interest and
favour. The crowds of ' flatterers who thronged
the palace of the Spanish Monarch fell infinitely
short of those which surrounded the Viceroy of
Mexico. His, secretary was gem :rally the fa-
vourite, the intAiator through whom _ petitions
reached the idol; and the grants descended to
those who could enfiTe, them 'with the most suitLl
able offerings. Dreadful as the corruption of the
late Court of Madrid was, it, must have appeared
pure and exemplary *hell (onippred with .the :yes-
nality of the viceroyal courts of-Spanish America.
That honourable exceptions arc 'to bet
among the Spanish viceroys, we are far. from
.bringing-"into question ; but how' cruelly must
that people 'be oppressed, whose moments of hap-
piness are to be counted by exceptions
'Oppress,ion' Can ti-everT bear equally 'upon oil
classes; and especially when the community is
divided into CH ,as in Spanish America: II:44
out speaking of those which are Constitution ally.
degrided, as the.ladians and lqestizoes, we shall
merely point out the 'effect which the unlimited
powers of the Spanish' governors naturally pro-
duced on that numerous and powerful class, the
Spanish Creoles t. •
Those who are thoroughly accrainted with
the character and circumstances of 'the -two rival
parties, the old Spaniards ..11:1 Creoles, in Spc..;.
nish America, will rather feel inclined to wonder
at the- extraordinary forbearance of the later, than
at the -war which they are. now .waging against
the former. Let it be considered that the
,number
of Spaniards'fn the colonies bears no proportion
to the Creole population ;" that these Creoles,
being the descendants of Spanish merehan4, en-
joy, considerable wealth, and an education far e;u-
perior to that of which th.eir fathers could boast;
while, on the other hand, very few of their.rivals
have the least title, from birth,•education,-'ot any
other circumstance, to that superiority which
they claim. Exclusively of those wloi are eni-
ployed-in the higher situations of Government,
the Spaniards- who resort to the colonies to ac-
quire a fortune, arc, with few exceptionS, a lOW,
plodding set of -people, who would never have
risen from 'the humblest' situations bad they re-
mained inthe Peninsula, and who geneially com-
mence-their operations in America, in the same
way. -Biseay,. Asturias, Galicia, and Catalonia,
have constantly sent out swarms" of
.adventurers,
among whom, those who expected to begin their
career behind a counter in- one of the shops of
'Vera Cruz; or Mexico, thought too highly 'of
themselves to associate with the rest of their coni-
panions. But the-means of making a fOrtune are
so easy in, Spanish America, for.those who object
to no sort of occupation, that there is hardly one
of these adventurers who, in the course Or a few
years, is not enabled to Vie in riches with the old
families 'of' the country. At fist they their
pride to that superiority which Spaniards of all
ranks claim in the colonies, and to the privilege
of hidalguid or nobility„ which is to be found
even among Spanish beggars:, but.no sooner have
they acquired property, than apart of it is des- !
tined to purchase honours at the court of Madrid.
The wealthy drudge enjoys them 'behind his coup-
ter ; and nothing is more common than to see
.people of this descrlption, in their tawdry uni-
forins of captains,' colonels, with -a ha;:lge; of
one of the Orders of Spain on their breasts, sit-;1
tini, in their shops, and occasionally helping their
clerks.. to dispatch the customers •eiho come for a.
-yard of cloth or calico. t •
While the proud pretensions of this gross un-
educated party, supported by the Spaniards in,
power, naturally excite dissatisfaction in the
Creole gentry,. the oppressive measures Which
they, promote against the interest of the land,
cannot fail to prOduce hatred, and an eager thirst
for revenge. The Spanish merchants of Aiiierica
consider themselves exclusively -entitled to the
profits of trade,---qrade, not grounded upon the
mutual advantages of buyer and Seiler, but rather
au oppressive monopoly, by which thq oblige a
whole population to take whatever they import
from the mother coUntrY, extortive the most' ex-
travagant, prices, by all the means which a market
that excludes competition can afford.
t W shall not enter into a separate discussion about;the
state of opinion- among the Indians, for.lbis poor degraded
race have none at ail. But ,we do not pretend to say," that
this state of mental degradation -renders them insignificant
in the present contest. On the contrary, we reckon them a
most powerful tool. - Their number, in Spanish America, is
about seven millions, which forms inure than one half the po-
pulation of the country. Enjoying very little or no property,.
they lire ready to follow any leaders who will conduct there to
war against the Spaniards.-- -
it. As the common census makes; no distinttion between
-Creoles and Spaniards, it is-impossible to ascertain the exact
number of each ; but the Reader may judge from the follow-
ing data. "In ti:e capital of Mexico, according to the envie-
meration of the .Count of Iteviliagigedo, in every 100 inha-
tants, forty-nine-are Simaish Creoles, two Spaniards born in
„Europe, twenty-four Artec and OtOrhittee Indians, and twen-
ty-five people of colour."-4lumboldt, Bocik 2, vii.
I Mr. Walton has pleasantly described the prejudices which
the employments of the European adventurers 'have excited
among the Creoles. The picture is correct in all it 3 pates,
and- will'eontribute to give an idea of the habits and nianners
of the.rival parties.
' The Spaniards of Arnerica'•possess few of the component
traits of their European countrymen; but if any, it is of the
-Andalusian, with whom also they most assimilate. The
Creole has imbibed against the natives of the other provinces
of 'gain, peculiar prejudices, derived from their leading oc-
cupations wad manners. A native mother of the country op-
poses 'the marriagi, of her daughter with a rich Catalan, be-
cause be has made his fortune by drawing wine, selling but-
ter-and cheese, and is 111.thv in ins person; with theG2dlician,
because he is a plotiding,.-hard-Working person, and the ap-
pellation of Gallego is almost synonymous with that of a iorter
in avert' province in Spain ; with the Biscay an, because he is
I,oisterons. and tyraunic, partaking of the peculiar -tinge of
his province, fiery, impatient, and.. jealous; ,the Cacti-
herause 111 is Su;l-ni, re,vrved. opposedlo spew and F....-
rade ; in short, with all the preceding, from their pedukar
jargon of 'provincial dialect ; (Mr. Walton ought to have ex-
&clued the (;astilians, who speak thepurest Spanisl butt in
the Andalusian, she finds a gaiety, sprightliness, .animation,
softer nrodulations,of language and expression. more conge-
nial manners, and an elevation of character not de,cending
to the calls-of Porters.and pedlars; lienct, thoc,sl) ;cis rich,
site prefers him. Should her daughter marry one of the
limner provincials, the officious mother. wilt always pre-dis-
'dispose the' relations, by telling thcm that his fortune was
the inducement, but 'that The hopes. he will soon give up
his
,shop, wear a long,coat, and turn a gentlernan..—Vol.

Tor the follaWing comprehensive an(' sagacious
'44etch of thepresent state of the Spanish Colonies,
and the causes of their disputes with the Mother
Country, "we are indebted to the I,lst:.'l.;umber of
THE QUAti,TEItLY REVIEW, „work so much -Supe-
rior to all Others ofa Similar nature, the t we shall
. not degr:ide it by a compotis;m: The following
extract appears in a Review' of Mr. IVALTOY's
TVoric.:, entitled " The prest•-nt State-of46e
Colonies."
The ')opulation of the Spanish coMnies insvrbt)
consii:ered as divided into five classes ;' Ist;
.
runr,is born in Old Spain ; The descendants
of Europerms, witbOu, any mixture of African or
blood, callcl Creoles;- 3dly,..The clifierent
races Mulattfc.s and ?Jest-jibes, or the issue of
• the crossings of the European, lot-Tian, and 'Afri-
can -blood ; 4thly, The -Indians -Cr '.Aborigines ;
.sthly; The. huported, AfriCan The first
two classes, from theirpolitical importance, chiefly
deserve our atteption. •
What the old Spaniards are, when transplanted
to their American colonies, or what peculiar turn
their national character takes in that particular
situations would not be a difficult point for con-
jecture, eien 'if 'ale were deprived of facts and ob.-
servations. Prejudices are strong- in proportion
• to tiieir range,. and evidently derive activity from
the numbers which adopt them. Family prejit-
'dices 'are more tenacious than those
,of individuals,
tlrel national prejudices exceed -both; in violence
-and duration. Those, ~especially, which are
grounded on pretensions to superiority over a par
,titular set or nation, are so early imbibed by all
classes of the state, so indissolubly blended with
every individual feeling, that their conjoint Cr n^ ,
tional effects are, astonishing, even when culture
has scarcely left any visible traces of themin the
common intercourse of life.
• We may conceive what the national prejudices
• of th Spaniards, with' 'respect to their colonies,
now are, from the manner is -which their ances-
tors took posSession of them, and the authority
which the descendants of those conquerors have
enjoyed there during four centuries. 'The Spanish
adventurers who flocked to Anierica, immediately
after the discovery of those countries, considered
them in the light of a wilderness occupied merely
by'four and two footed game, of which they might'
dispose at their pleasure. The avowed and infi-
nite cruelties which they committed without the
least feeling of remorse, would demonstrate, if
other proofs were- wanting, the general opinion
which prevailed for souse time among them,' of the
- irrationality of the-Indians:
It will be easiltcouceived that the overhearing
pride of the first conquerors, swelled with the de-

struction or submission of the Indians, was trans-

witted in full force to the adventurers whom the
thirst -of-gold, and the desireof living freely at an
immense-distance from .the seat of government,
allured to those fertile regions. Those whose

haughty and turbulent character was scarcely to
be curbed by the "authority of a powerful save-,
reign, must have exerted a dreadful sway over the
conquered Indians*. Every ,Spaniard thought
"himself a sovereign from the moment that he set
his foot on the shores'Of America; andthe kinga
of Spain would liaise soon
_last their newly-sc.
quired dominions, but for the uncoritroulable
pride of the advehturers,-. :which operated as: a
check on their mutual ambition.

The first generation of Creoles., though born
upoil the soil of America, naturally considered
themselves as true Spaniards, since they could
boast no other title to the superiority which they
claimed over the natives ; and it is probable that
many years elapsed before any degree of national
interest was felt by those new natives of the Ame-
rican continent. put When they began to mul-
tiply,, and the ties of parentage between them
and the European Spaniards were successively
weakened----when, in the course of centuries, the
natural connexions which arise from a native
soil, ma-des the Creoles consider themselves as a
people, seeds of jealousy against the mother-
country sprung up, the growth of which nothing
could, check but a system of equity and modera-
tion, seldom, if ever, observed by any-govern-
ment with respect to colonies or conquered coun-
tries ; by none less than the despotic and tyran-
nical Court of Madrid. - •

The government of the Spanish colonies was
entirely confided to the hands of viceroys and
captains7general, who had under them several
military governors and intendants,; the admini-
stration of justice being
:committed to the Au-

dienciav or, tribunals, which .resided in the capi-

tats, "and were presided over by the respective
viceroys .and captains-general. The people,
t )tiugh: nominally represented by the Cabildos or
t corporations, had; in fact, no check upon

the authority of their governors. The members.
of the Andie,Aciai werL4old .Spaniards; and par-
took of the haughty spirit Which consideredithe
Creoles as inferior to their Own. coantryinen.

With respect to the town corporations,-nothing

could he inure insiga:fieant. The seats were, &it-
the must part, tilled up-by the Court of.-Spaia :
several were the property of particular families,
and all of them were"-considered as empty ho-

pours, With which the' timid:ainhition 0f some
w: tally Creoles .might be athuSed.
The viceroy was, in fact,.: as absolute as the
monarch.whom•he represented; and cdthongh by
law responsible for his conduct to the Connell of
Indies resident at Madrid, on the expiration of
his commission, the same laws deciaredthat the
viceroy was. to be obeyed as the king in person..
ft would be needless to expatiatelipon-the futility
of such responsibility. The 'hope of redress, is -
but a feeble.- consolation fOrsaetuaLoppress.lon,
even when the redresser is -at band. Let those,
then, who are not blind to, every abuse pd:ver,

and kno(011 eti, easily it is made _die Instrument
of .•oppreiv- 4ion whet, not, checked by sonic elfeo.
tire restraint,• topsider what sort of governPlept

•
* The orders which Lai Casas ohtPinerl.frOm Charles V. in
farour -tit the Indians'wece openly disobeyed at Mexico, and
Aexeited i.irehellion at Perri because the commissioner Who
was sent 3,rith them from Spain, insisted upon having them
pot fittn pacti.c., Herrera, the Irc4 Garcilaso,, and all, the
isurians of that tune, are filll of the rebellious and
ungoveroabie Character of the Spaniards in. America.

The Spanish merehanti-:ttere: nr-A, however, th 6
only mon4olists in the ,colonies. 'l'be govern-
ment which supported them ~e, e; the first to de-
rive a paltry profit froin.shaciiiing the industry' of
the Americans. The well-l:nown simile of the sa-,
who!cut down the ii te in ordei to pluck
its fruit, (used by Montesqlpen to ._xemplify
fei_sts al despotism) was litcrallY applicable to the
Spanish colonial system. A Spanish colonist could
not enjoy the advantages so lavishly bestowed. on
those beatitiful countries. 'The eyes of a sushi-.
ciojl, and oppressive government were. constantly
tvatching the progress of his indurstry. To sow
or plant, he was pot to eonsult the ntiture of the
soil, but the .government. Vines and olives, the
two great blessings of temperate countries, were
forbidden to grow in his 'fields, by proclamoti6n.
:30e! e'i nd iv idnals lenhplairted vineyards in Mexieo.
Whed:er the Viceroy winked at this infraction of
tbe colonial regulations, or was ignorant of it,
we cannot say i the Spanish merchants, howeviir,
Who were quicker sighted, gave-the alarm to their
'Correspondents at Cadiz. Complaint was in-
sta:Aly made to .the Court of Madrid, whence an
order :slued fOr rooting up the Vines, inpursuance
Of the right enjoyed by, the Cadiz merchants of
administering 'to the wants of the Americon pea-
p!e, at Alois oven discretion.
ft would be endless to enumerate the grievances
which the colonies suffered, from the combined
action of tyranny and monopoly. Vague and de-
sultory as Mr. Walfon's account of appears to
be, it, is yet more than sufficient to account for
the -state of habitual discontcpt, to -which the
Creoles were- imnperceptiuly brough',- not less by
this palpable injustice, than by the civilizatidu
which the natural pi-Ogress, of-human societies'
must aLvays increase, in spite of the trammels,
imposed by the blinde,,t- of.governments.
While the Cl'ecle7s conceived that their security
against the Indians,•thenegro Sla-Ves, and the MiC.-
ed casts„denended onthe union of the whole 'En-
ropean raee, the Spaniards- could- oppress them.
with- iinnenity: From this principle Humboldt
very "satisfactorily accounts for the passive state
Of the Spanish colonies, 'during the succession war
in 8-- ain. But -the Indians here been so' complete-
ly subdued, and /he Creole population has so much
increased since that period, that the same tran-
quility and passiveness could not be. lOdked for,
When the lute slt,Ock of the Spanish throne bevyaken-
ed them to the hopes of bettering their condition.
There was a 'period When the whole mass of na-
tive poi niation entertained such an opinion of the
knowledge and power of the mother country, that
they would have shut their eyes in reverential awe
to wlllitever injustice she might commit, but the
political events of our owai times have destroyed
all traces of this powerful illusion. The American
war, in Which Spain engaged with the most un7
accountable degree of folly, could not but excite
the attention or the Spanish Creoles. They must
have compared their own situation, with that of
their neighbours, and perceived- bow much' more
galling were their own grievances than those which
producul the successful-resistance of the Englfth
colonies, They must ha;'e reflected on the incon-
sistency of the Spanish Goyeenment, who with
one hand was' helping English-subjects .to throw
off their allegiance, and with the other binding
its own-in the most intolerable chains ever devised
by oppression. .
About that .peri6d, the works of the French
philosophers found their way into Spanish Ame-
rica, in despite of the terrors of the 4nquisition.
This- circumstance, which was scarcely noticed- at
the time, proved momentous ill the highest' degree,
and,athidSt Silence- and obscurity, opc.rated 'with
fearful effeet in Undermining the fabric of despotism.
Reading is one of those pleasures which acer-
tain degree of eAe and comfOrt- will never fail to
generate among all sorts Of people. The higher
Glasses in the Spanish colonies had arrived at that
state in conSeqnence of their wealth, and books'.
Were an article not a little in request among them.
Books, of course, were always put inthe askort-
meritof those cargoes of tnsh of all kinds, which
were constantly sent out from Spain 'to the colo-
nies. We have ourselves witnessed the making
up of these literary bales, in one of the principal
towns &t Spain, and could scarcely rceress the
feelings of indignation s,,,nd pity', Which arose from;
inspecting the .worhs. seleeted for this purpOse
The glass beads which the first adventurers bar-
teyed for gold with the shit* tribes of Indians,
were real treasures, in comparison of the literary
filth which the Spaniards c:eported to the colonies

with the certainty of selling it at the most extra,
vagant
With the'inconsisteney peculiar to despotic go-
vernments, universities had been established at

Mexico and Lima, to vbich even Professors -of
Mathematics were appointed. Thus, while they
•exalted the thirst for knowledge, they foolishly,
expected that the Ainefican youth would be still
contented to seek itin those ponds of ignorance and
superstition whip 'had been prescribed to diem.

The Consequences of such a- systein may be
easily guessed. No sooner bad the works of the
4_ _ -

French philosophers found their way into the po-
lonics, than they were read with an avidity beyond
eNprenion. The factli;ty with which their gene-
ral prineiples are seized, the common-place know,
_ _

ledge kith which they .enahle young people to
shine'in conversation, the, contempt and hatred
which they breathe against what they denomi-
nate oppression, occasioned them to be looked on.

as int-aliiable treasures. The danger whi.eh at-
tended their perusal naturally e':.hanced the hter-
.
_ .

est which' they excited. There are instances'of
people who retired from all,sorts of business into
the country, to devote themselves Wholly to the
study, of the French Political nnd moral writers:
We, who have witnessed the: effect of their
ddetrines.in this free and happy ,country, during
the ferment of the French ReVolution, when they
threatened to overthrow-the maj4tic fahric of our
Constitution, in-6y easily conceive how -,hey must
have operated where every Civil and religious kin-
stitution•tends to countenance the bold assertions

'of those artful apbStles of anarchy.and
It would be difficult, xy-' ithoutthcse premises, to
account for the contrast,•whichllumboldt ohierv-

ed between the people of the inierior provinces of
2,lexic.co and. the enlightened clas7,es" of the capital.
(To be coa•inued.)
•

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