The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-15 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNE'SDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.5,

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITU-
TION, REGENT-STREET.—MORNINGS and
EVENINGS except SATURDAY EVENINGS.
NEW and VARIED LECTURES, and an ELEMEN-
TARY COURSE on BOTANY, by a Graduate of the Uni-
versity of London—On the DAGUERREOTYPE and
PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS, with Illustrations, and
a full Explanation of the Chemical Process—On BAIN'S
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH,
and BARWISE and BAIN'S PATENT ELECTRICAL
CLOCKS in action. CHEMICAL LECTURES and EX-
PERIMENTh, LECTURES on the STEAM ENGINE,
&c. CARY'S ORRERY, and the DISSOLVING VIEWS,
with Music. Diver and Diving Bell. Nearly Two Thousand
Works which display eminent Art. Science, and lngentuty.
CANTON, and other beautiful COSMORAMIC VIEWS
in the EVENINGS. The time appointed for the Lectures is
suspended in the Hall.—Admission, One Shilling.
Opens at Half-past Ten o'clock in the Morning, and Seven
o'clock in the Evening.

ITERARY ASSISTANCE, in the Ar••
rangernent and Correction of Works, popular or pro-
fessional, by a Gentleman, who has had much experience in
Practical Literature, and who, in proof of abilit:;, can either
refer to published works of his own, or will correct, at sight,
any part of those which are laid before him. He also dis-
charges all the duties connected with the press, and negotiates
the disposal to publishers of such works as he has i evised,

App.ication (only by letter, post paid) to A.M., 15, Upper
Charlton-street, Fitzroy-square.

Annual I Reduc- Would as-
Premium DPremium tion of sure, at the ate of Age I Sum paid for on Sixth Premium increased
Assurance. Assured First Five Payment. Sixth age of the
'Oats. I Year., party.
1835, X. 8 d. s. d. s u.
sth January v 6 100 n 22 1G 10 11310 C 9 0 4 350
sth April 30 10r0 24 17 6 14 11.1 R 919 0 345
sth July 39 1000 32 4 2 19 6 612 17 8 315
sth October 42 10:0 25 7 6 21 4 614 3 0 535
IB'6
sth January 541 100'1 63 510 37 19 6125 6 4 no
sth July 36 10(.0 29 10 10 17 14 611 16 4 3.0

Upon the annual investigation of the affairs of the Society,
on the termination of the sixth year, as required by the deed
of settlement, it is ascertained that the same rate of abate-
ment of Forty per Cent., as in the past year, may be made for
the year ending the 4th April, 1842, and such abatement will
be made accordingly. The data from which this abatement
is deduced, fully justify the expectation that, after the payment
of five annual premiums, an equal rate of abatement will be
made to every Member of the Society throughout the conti-
nuance of the assurance.

A Reduced Table of Rates for Assurances not claiming Profit.
RICHARD HEATHFIELD, Superintendent.
Princes-street, Bank, Sept. 6, 1841.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND SOCIETY
FOR GRANTING
LIFE ASSURANCES, DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &c.

No. 2t. CORNHILL.
Ctpital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parlament.
EIRECTORS.
T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman.
J. Elllotson, M.D., F.R. S. I John Rawson, Esq.
John Griffith Frith, Esq. I Jehn Riddell Stodart, Esq.
Hunter Gordon, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq.
George Langley, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq.

AUDI'

Professor Wheatstone, F. R. 8.

ACTUARY—W. S. B. AV(
SOLICITORS—Messrs. Sweet,
ney, 6, 13asi

Professor Graves, A.M. F.R.S.
oolhouse, Esq., F. R.A.
Suttoa, Ewens, and Omman-
❑ghall-street.

LIFE ASSURANCE.

Besides the perfect security to the policy holder of a large
paid up capital, and accumulating funds, the following is one
amongst many of the advantages which belong exclusively to
the principles of Life Assurance and Deferred Annuities ori-
ginated by t 11, Society, viz.—Power to borrow ( without de-
lay, expense, or forfeiture) Two-thirds of all premiums paid
upon a Poky of Assurance.
The annexed is a short Table, showing the Annual Premium
for assuring £lOO on the Whole Life, or for a Term

FOR LIFE.
A. B.
Age. Without With For One For Five
PrAi ts. Profits. Year only. Years only
---
£. s. d. E. s. d. E. a. d. s. d.
20 1 13 7 ! 1 17 4 017 0 0 17 6
30244293 0 19 6 1 0 0
40 2IS 8 3 5 3 , 1 3 10- 1 5 0
50 4 4 2 4 13 6 1 13 0, 1 16 6
606136784 3 0 0 3 9 6
Two-thirds of Profits divided annually amongst the Assured.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
(LLOYD'S.)

VESSELS SPOKEN 'WITH.—The Ayrshire, Liverpool to
Sydney, 31st July, lat. 10, lon. 23 ; Henry Davidson,
Calcutta to London, 22d ult., let. 35, lon. 40, by the Ida
Wilhelmina, arrived at Cowes. Navarino, Liver-
pool to Africa, 4th instant, let. 48, lon. 11; Valen-
tine, Bourdeaux to Monte Video, lat. 27, lon. 41 W ;
W of Paris, 17th June, with emigrants and short of
provisions, but partly supplied her ; Anna and Frista,
Amsterdam to Batavia, 2d July, lat. 20 S., lon. 35 W ;
Edward, Hamburgh to Monte Video, 31st ult., lat. 49,
lon. 30, by the Mary Ann, arrived at Hamburgh. Anna
and Maria, Amsterdam to Surinam, 3d ultr, let 21, lon.
33, by the Anna Maria Henriette, arrived in the Texel.
Palmyra, London to Calcutta, 28th July, lat. 12 N., lon.
28 W. ; Lima, Liverpool to Lima, 29th, lat 13, lon.
29, by the Favourite, arrived in the Gironde. Ca-
therine, Liverpool to Africa, 18th ult., lat. 42, lon.
20 W. ; uldee, bound to Quebec, 27th, by the
Nouveau Tropique, arrived at Bordeaux. Duke Bed-
ford, London to Calcutta, July 29, lat. 13 N., long 28
W., by the Atlas, arrived in the Gironde. George
Cannon, Plymouth to Savannah ; sch. Gem, of Limerick,
7th inst., lat. 46, lon. 23 ; American brig, Eliza, Bth inst.,
lat. 47, lon. 19, by the Petrel packet, arrived at Fal-
mouth. Blenburne, for Prince Edward's Island, sth,
lat. 47, lon. 22 ; London, of and for St. John's, New
Brunswick, same day ; Elizabeth, of Newcastle, for
Dalhousie, Bth, off Cape Clear, by the Helenor, arrived
at Cork. St. Helena, of Table Bay, June 17, let. 34 S.,
lon. 33 E. ; Hernan, Lubec to Monto Video, July 28,
let. 13 N., lon. 17, by the Fairy Queen, arrived in the
River. Ganges, from Liverpool, 14th ult., off Cape
Chest ; Matgaret, from Greneda, 18th ult., let. 46, lon.
58 ; Aberdeen, of Waterford, 30th, let. 50, lon. 30 ;
Alexander Wise, from Liverpool, sth inst, lat. 55, ion.
15, by the Coronation, arrived in the Clyde.

TAXATION AND REPRESENTATION.-Pre-
vious to his descent on England, William the Conqueror
assembled a council of his nearest friends, to demand
their advice and assistance. They all approved of the
expedition, aad promised to serve William with their
persons and goods. " But," said they, "this is not all—
you must ask assistance and counsel of the great body of
the people of the country ; for it is but right that those
who pay the expense should be called to consent to it."
Then *William, say the chroniclers, convoked a great as-
sembly of men of all classes in Normandy, laid before
them his project, and solicited their assistance—then
left them, that they might deliberate freely. We per-
ceive by this that even se early as the days of the Con-
queror, people had got hold of the notion that " taxation
and representation should go together ;" or, to express
it in the language of those days, that "it is but right
those who pay the expense should be called to consent i
to t."

VOCAL MACHINERY OF BfRDS.—It is diffi-
cult to account for so small a creature as a bird making
a tone as loud as some animals a thousand times its size ;
but a recent discovery has shown, that in birds the lungs
have several Openings communicating with correspond-
ing_ air-bags or cells, which fill the whole cavity of the
body from the neck downwards, and into which the air
passes and re-passes in the progress of breathing. This
is not all : the very bones are hollow, from which air-
pipes are conveyed to the most solid parts of the body,
even into the quills and feathers. This air being rarified
by the heat of their body, adds to their levity. By forc-
ing the air out of the body, they can dart from the
greatest height with astonishing velocity. No doubt,
the same machiney forms the basis of their vocal powers,
and at once solves the mystery.-- Gardiner's Music of
Nature.
A rumour is prevalent that Mr. J. Martin,
M.P. for Tewkesbury, intends accepting the Chiltern
Hundreds, to admit the late defeated candidate, Mr.
Lasthope. Should this step be, taken, it is said that a
.Conservative candidate will be brought forward.—Aris's
.13;rininaham Gazette.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

DONCASTER RACES.
MONDAY EVENING.
A variety of circumstances have arisen during the last
three or four months to diminish the ordinary 'attrac-
tions of the race•course. As the most powerful
we may select the general elections and the depressed
state of trade in all parts of the country. These causes
materially affect Doncaster, as well as places of less
note, but others of a local and peculiar character may be'
mentioned. Many of the ancient supporters of Don-
caster have settled their accounts, and some, whose names
were wont to appear as its zealous patrons, have with-
drawn altogether from the turf. This not all—the ex-
traordinary ease with which the Derby was won des
troyed the St. Leger as a betting race, and had nut that
been the case the minions character of the settling,
would have produced the same effect. Another
blow to the present meeting was the omission
of the stewards of 1840 to appoint their sin:.
cessors ; the Corporation, it is true, made a large addition
to the public money, as originaliv advertised ; and were
assisted with a liberal plate by the innkeepers, but too
late to counteract the combined influence of so many
" untoward events." Prepared, therefore, fur a falling
off in their present meeting, they have resolved to pre.
vent any cause of complaint for the future. It is in-
tended, we. believe,- to lose nu time in procuring Stewards
for 1842 (relieving them from the pecuniary responsibi-
lities hitherto coupled with the office), to make such al-
terations at the stand as may be considered essential to
the comfort of the visitor, and to provide liberally for
the public prizes ; if they do this in time we see no
reason why Doncaster, reduced to four days, should not
rieover from what, we trust, is only a temporary depres-
sion. It will be collected from the above remarks that the
races commenced this afternoon tinier indifferent auspices.
The weather was certainly all that could be desired, but
tkin list" held the w.z4.rd of poamiSe-to the ditr, but bi=iike
ii to the hope," six races in arpearance having dwindled
down to threa. in reality, and those of a very unpretend-
ing character. The company was thin, the betting dull
in the extreme. We should mention here, that a space
has been inclosed in front of the Grand Stand, for the
accommodation of the speculators, but being level with
the course, is not available for a view of the running ;
we understand that, by next year, it will in this respect
be placed on a par with Epsom, Ascot, Goodwood, and
Liverpool. Amongst the occupants were the Duke and
Duchess of Cleveland, the Marquis of Westminster, Mar-
quis of Waterford, Marquis of Normanby, Marquis of
Lichfield, Earl Spencer, Earl of Chesterfield, Lord
Kelburne, Lord 'Maidstone, Lord John Fitzroy, Lord
George Bentinck, Lord C. Fitzroy, Count Hahn, Baron
Maltzahn, Count Auresperg, Sir D. Baird, Sir J. Shelley,
Sir C. Kent, Sir C. Ibbotson, Sir J. Whichcote, Sir T.
Sykes, Hon. G. S. Byng, Hon. G. Anson, Hon. M.
Nugent, Hon. G. Fitzroy, Hon. IL Forster, Hon. T. 0.
Powlett, Hun. Captain Powlett, Colonels Synge, Shu-
brick, Broadhead, Cradock, Thompson, Hornby; Messrs.
Payne, W. Payne, Neville, Knox, Bushe, Crommelin,
Ley, Hawker, Portman, Mostyn, Price, Collins, Gardiner,
&o. &c.

Produce Stakes of 100 sovs. each, h ft, for four years
old. Two miles. (Five Subs.)
Mr. Orde's Queen Bee walked over.

The Champagne Stalco; of 50 sous. each, h ft, for two
year-olds ; colts Bst 71b,, and fillies Bst 51b. The win-
ner to give six dozen of champagne to the Club. Red
House in. (Twenty-six Subs.)
_ _ _

Colonel Anson's b c Attila, by Colwick (Scott) 1
Mr. Ramsay's ch c Cabrera, by Tomboy 2
Colonel Cradock's b f Sally, by Sheet Anclvir
Mr. Brookes's h f Idolatry, by Muley Moloch 0
Mr. Jaques's b c Playfellow, by Tomboy 0
Mr. Powlett's b f by Bay Middleton—Miss Fanny
Betting.-2 to 1 aast Miss Fanny, sto 2 agst Attila,
4to 1 agst Idolatry. After one false start, Attila took
the lead, and kept it at a capital pace to the end, winning
after a srhart race from the Grand Stand, by'half a neck,
without, being touched ; nothing was near the first twc.
Handicap of 10 sovs. eachwith 30 added. Twci miles.

(5 Subs).
Mr. Thornhill's E. 0., by Emilius, 3 yrs, 7st 21b 1-
Lord -Kelburne's b c, by Muly MoloCh, d by
Actaeon, 3 yrs, Gst 41b
Mr. Bell's b m La Sage Femme, 5 yrs, Bst 21b
Mr. Doncaster's Fitz Gambol, 3 yrs, Est 31b
netting—Even on La Sage Femme, and' to 1 agst E. 0.
The favourite made tremendous running, followed by E. 0.
and the Muly Moloch colt, till within two distances of
home, where she was beaten; and the other two went on.
At the Stand E. 0. left the Muly Moloch colt, and won
easy by a length.

Match 200 sous. li ft, Bst 51b each, St. Leger tours!.
Col. Cradock's Gallipot, by Physician (Templeman)
Lord Kelburne's Pathfinder
3 to 1 agst Gallipot, who had it to himself, his oppo-
nent being pulled up lame at the distance.
The Queen's Plate of 100 guineas. 4 miles.
Duke of Cleveland's Sampson, by Celits, walked over.

IST. LE("It 31triVNI, •
100 to 45 -on Coronation—taken
5 to 1 agst Satirist
14 to 1 agst The Squire
14 to 1 agst Van Amburgh
18 to 1 agst Eringo—taken
40 to 1 agst Galaor—taken
1000 to 5 agst Tearaway—taken
•Besides the above, Jack Sheppard, Cattmian, quilt
Arnold, and Pagan are mentioned as likely to run.
Middlehurst and Osherton are doubtful.

E
22 to 1 agst Wiseacre—taken
22 to 1 agst Robert de Gorham—taken
27 to I agst The Artful Dodger—taken
30 to 1 agst Auckland—taken
30 to 1 agst Attila—taken
35 to 1 agst Robin—taken
35 to 1 agst Curator—taken
40 to 1 agst Gunter—taken

(Since the-above was written the Corporation hal e
requested the noblemen and gentlemen to meet a depu-
taion at the club-rooms, for the purpose of taking into
oansideration the means of improving the races.

NEWMARKET 'SECOND OCTOBER MEETING,

1£341.-INTELLIGENCE EXTRA.
TUESDAY.

The Cesarewitch Stakes of sovs. each, 15ft, with

300 added.

Lanercost, 6 yrs, lOst 21b—St. Francis, 6 yrs, 9st
101b—Cornelius. 5 yrs, 9st 101b—Charles the Twelfth,
5 yrs, 9st 101b—Hetman Platoff, 5 yrs, 9st 101 b
Flambeau, 5 yrs, 9st 71b—The Doctor, aged, 9st 41b—
Mus, aged, Bst 131b—Orelia, 5 yrs, Bst 1 11b—The Dey
of Algiers, 5 yrs, Bst 1 llbs—Calypso, 4 yrs, Bst 111 b
Gibraltar, 4 yrs, Bst 111b--The Shadow, 5 yrs, Bst Illb
—Warden, 4 yrs, Bst 91b—Bellona, 6 yrs, Bst 81b—
Cruiskeen, aged, Bst 71b—Roscius, 5 yrs, Bst 711 S—The,
Currier, 5 yrs, Bst 51b—St. Martin, 6 yrs, Bst 41b—
Rory O'More, 5 yrs, Bst 41b--St. Lawrence, -4 yrs,
Bst 31b—The Corsair, 5 yrs, Bst 31b—Retriever, 5 yrs,
Bst 21b—Modesty, aged, Bst 11b—King of the Peak,
4 yrs, Bst Ilb—La Sage Femme, 5 yrs, Bst lib—Wel-
fare, 4 yrs, Sst—Remnant, 4 yrs, Bst—Melody c, 4 yrs,
Bst Prizeflower, aged, Bst Tamburini, 5 yrs,
7st 121 b— Bob Peel, 4 yrs, 7st .121 b Zohrab,
aged, ist 121b—Pocahontas, 4 yrs, 7st 121b—Wee Willie,
6 yrs, 7st 121b—Johnny, 4 yrs, 7st 121b—The Recorder,
5 yrs, 7st 121b—Ernest the First, 5 yrs, 7st 111 b —Kingstm
Robin, 4 yrs, 7st 101b—Galen, 4yrs, 7st 91b—Tom Tit, 5
yrs, ist 91b—Isaac, aged, 7st9lb—Clinker, 5 yrs, ist 91b—
Belysima, 6 yrs, 7st 91b—The Genius, 4 yrs. ist 91b
Humming Bird, 4 yrs, ist 91b—Compensation, 6 yrs,
7st 71b—Broadwath, 4 yrs, 7st 51b—Janus, 4 yrs, 7st 51b
Lady Liverpool, 4 yrs, 7st 31b—Tearaway, 3 yrs, 7st 31b
Teleta, 4 yrs, 7st 11b—Black Beck, 4 yrs, 7st 11b—
Champagne, 4 yrs, 7st 11b—Naworei, 4 yrs, 7st 11b—
The Nob, 3 yrs, 7st—Bentley Colt, 3 yrs, 7st—The
Squire, 3 yrs, 7st—Miss Stilton, 3 yrs, 7st—Colchicum,
5 yrs, Est 131b—Zelmyra, 4 yrs, Est 131b—Isabella, 6 yrs,
6st 131b—Benjamin, 4 yrs, Est 1 1 lb—Exit, 4 yrs, Est 1 [lb
—I-am-not-aware, 6 yrs, Est 111b—Diana, 4 yrs, Est I llb
Blemish, 4 yrs, 6st I lib—Oakley, 3 yrs, Est I Ilb—Bar-
bare, 3 yrs, Est 111b—Iliona, 4 yrs, 6st 111b--Bosphorus,
5 yrs Est 111b—Bracelet, 6 yrs, Gst 91b—Flash, 4 yrs,
Gst 91b—Sister to Glencoe, 3 yrs, Est 91b—E. 0., 3 yrs,
6st 91b—Y. Quo Minus, 3 yrs, Est 91b—Revoke, 5 yrs,
6st 71b—The Young2un, 4 yrs, Gst 71b—The Ruler, 4 yrs,
7st 71b—Thirsk, 3 yrs, 6st 71b—Belgrade, 3 yrs, 6st 71b—
Taurida, 3 yrs, Gst 71b—Stamboul, 4 yrs, Gst 71b—Duke
of Wellington, 3 yrs, Gst 71b—Millepede, 3 yrs, 6st 51b—
Mungo Parke, 4 yrs, Gst 51b—Bussorah, 4 yrs, Gst 51b—
Wirrestrew, 5 yrs, 6st 51b—Ermerigardis, 3 yrs, sst 41b
—Silistrea, 4 yrs, Est 41b—Thebes colt, 3 yrs, Est 21b—
Snowdrop, 3 yrs, Est 11b—Scarf, 3 yrs, sst 13113—Buf-
falo, 3 yrs, sst 13 lb—Half-caste, 3 yrs, sst 131b—Show-
lad, 3 yrs, sst 131b—Laurestina, 3 yrs, sst 131b—Mutas-
pha, 3 yrs, sst 1 llb—Huon, 3 yrs, sst 91b—Gammon Box,
3 yrs, sst 91b—Fidhaun, 3 yrs, sst 91b—Alice, 3 yrs,
sst 91b—Miss Mary Ann filly, 3 yrs, sst 91b—Port-
soken, 3 yrs, sst 51b.

The returns for the City of Londonderry within
the limits fixed by the Irish Reform Act, are not fully
made up, but they appear to give a population of
15,179. By the Reform census, the population, within
the same bounds, was 11,000. In some neighbouring
parishes, it is understood that there has been an actual
diminution, in consequence of the great number of per-
sons who have lately emigrated.—Limerick Reporter.
Mdlle. Fanny Elssler, according to the terms of
her engagement with the French Opera, was to return,
and make her appearance on the 15th August, 1840, but
her leave of absence was prolonged till the Ist January
last. This period elapsed, and still the anxiously-looked-
for dansatrice remained on the other side of the Atlantic.
Inconsequence the directors cited her before the Tri-
bunal de Commerce, first demanding a vacation of the
Contract, and, secondly, damages fur its breach to the
amount of 60,000 f. The cause came to a final hearing'
on Wednesday. The counsel for Aldlle. Elssler pleaded
to the jurisdiction on the ground that the matter in
question was not an affair of commerce. This plea
being overruled by the Tribunal, judgment was suffered
to go by default, and a decree to the full extent of the
claim of the plaintiffs was pronounced.
POISONOUS CATSUP.—The public should be
upon their guard against the catsup hawked about the
streets, much of
.which is coloured by
copper, in order
to give it the green hue desired by purchasers. Where
this sophistication exists, it can readily be detected, by
adding a few drops of liquid ammonia to the suspected
liquor, which, in case of any copiwr being present, im-
mediately becomes blue.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

TIMES.—Sir Robert Peel, wafted by this great de-
cision (the general election) into the functions of Go-
vernment, has formed his Administration, and remitted
himself and his colleagues to their country, for a sanc-
tion or a veto on his arrangements ; and though two
months have not elapsed since the triumphant return of
all these individuals to the House of Commons, Whig
hopes are again on the alert, and Whig spculation
'dresses itself to most of the electrons. There is hardly
a man among the new Ministers whose constituents the
Whig papers are not endeavouring to bias against his
re-election. Sir Robert Peel, they tell us, for instance,
is afraid of personally facing his friends at Tamworth.
lest he be called on to declare his intended measures ;
as if, after distinctly declining at his late election, mid
More lately still in the House of Commons, to coman:
himself by premature disclosures, there were any greater
or more stringent reason for his making such communi-
catiOns to that particular audience, which, of all others,
would be the least inclined to press him—the circle of his
own immediate neighbours, tenants, connections, and
friends. We will not detain our readers ley entering
into details respecting the claims of the other recently
appointed Ministers to a renewal of the honour which
they are seeking from their constituents. But there •is
one consideration which we should have thought twist
needs have suggested itself to the Whigs, as a conclusive
damper to their still prurient hopes of hampering and
baffling Sir Robert Peel's Administration. It is, that
among all the-Ministers in and out of the Cabinet, who va-
cate their seats on these appointments, a number amount-
ing to almost thirty persons, there is not one—no, lite-
rally, we believe, not one—who is threatened with even
an attempt at an opposition, unless the idle address of
Mr. Acland against Sir Robert Peel can be regarded as
a serious demonstration. To politicians who affect to
adjust themselves. by the glass of pubileopielmeeeeOli a
4-I:efketion of it would, we suppose, have been a sickening
sight ; and it is probably for that reason that they have
carefully shut their eyes to it. At all events, say the
mortified Whigs, our return to power is not more hope-
less now than the reinstalment of the Tories appeared
to be nine ',ears at when the Reform Bill was passed
into law. wYes it is. The Tories, it is true, were at
that time, like you, unpopular ; but they had not made
themselves, like you, contemptible. Their policy was
condemned ; but their good faith remained unques
tioned. Much of what they professed, the people then
disapproved ; but the people did not suspect them (as
they have convicted you) of professing what they did not
mean. Therefore, when, in process of time, a chance had
come over the popular mind, and Conservative principles
re-assumed their just consideration, there was nettling to
disgust the people with the leaders through whom those
principles were to be made effectual. Moreover, even in
the darkest period of the Tory prospects, when Conserva-
tive opinions were most at a discount with the multitude,
there remained always a large body of the country's in-
telligence, property, and rank, among whom those opi-
nions found shelter during their season of exile and dis-
couragement, and who willingly formed a nucleus and a
rallying point for all rational attempts at restoration.
Now the Whigs have no such body to aid them in their
attempts at a rally. They retain the friendship of a
few noble families, of a little haughty clique, the
rump of Mr. e-ox's coalition with Lord North ; but the
mass of the pc ople, or even the "fierce dernoeraey,"
they are no longer permitted to wield. Those mul-
titudes are led, some by Radicals, some by Chartists,
but none by Whigs. The whole nation is by this time
aware that the modern Whigs, having no fixed opinions
of their own, do but trim between prerogative and popu-
larity-, between the Constitution and the mob, as it snits
their designs upon office to appear Conservative or Re-
publican. This is no new characteristic of their faction.
So long ago as the trial. of Hardy for high treason, a
letter was produced from a member of the seditious con-
spiracy of that day, who, in writing to the notolimrs
Margarot, about two brother incendiaries in Scotland,
says therein, "Between us, Muir and Palmer have put
themselves into the hands of the Opposition ; who, I
fear, will use their case no further than as an argument
to help themselves into Administration." What Lord
Grey's partisans were then, Lord Grey's partisans are
now ; and it is because the people have at length found
this out, that we believe the Whig hopes of restoration
to be utterly fallacious. Whatever clangers the country
be doomed to behold, Whiggery, at least, we fully per-
suade ourselves, is at an end. :"As the wind goeth
over it,. it is gone : and the place there9f shall know it.
no more."

POST.—The 'opponents of steady Conservative go-
vernment are doing all they can to impress the public
with an idea that the new Administration in Ireland
cannot succeed. These writers and speakers are in the
condition attributed to the Bourbon family when they
returned to France : in the experience of the last twenty
years they have learned nothing and they have forgotten
nothing. They describe, and they argue, as if the con-.
Aition of Ireland, and the position and the ti_elings of its
political parties, were just the same as they were twenty
or thirty years ago. They talk as if red-hot Orange-
men on the one hand, and frightened, discontented, re-
bellious Itomanists on the other, were the sole occupants
of the political field of Ireland; as if Dr. Dio-uenan were
still the life of the Irish Privy Council, and \lr i rCe;l-
- the venturesome and cunning orator of the old
" Catholic Board." This is extremely absurd. No part
of the United Kingdom has been so much changed—
no, nor anything like so much changed—within the
last five.and-twenty years as Ireland has been. There
have been many causes for this, which to enumerate in
a desc:iptive and intelligible manner would occupy more
space than we can :Ilford to the subject. The three
principle causes, however, we may briefly state, namely,
first, the dying away, by. the mere operation of time,
of the fierce resentments and bitter recollections arising
out of the rebellion of 179 S , and the insurrection of
1803. Secondly, the change of policy from that of un-
disguised ascendancy of one party over another t i a slmW
and profession of equal justice 'to all. Last (and cer-
tainly not least) the immensely increased intercourse
with England, both commercial and social, owing to the
invention of steam-boats. No one who has not had some
opportunity of observing it can Well imagine the extra•
ordinary revolution in the affairs of merchandise, manu-
facturing, and employment of the soil which has been oc-
casioned by the facility and certainty of communicating
with England. Among the better classes not only English
habits of living, but English modes of thinking, have made
wonderful progress, and the extravagance of Irish opinions,
and the impetuosity of Irish conduct, 'lave proportionably
diminished. Meanwhile, it is to be observed as a very
remarkable fact, which we have never seen satisfectorily
accounted for, that little or no alteration seems to have
been effected in the habits of the Irish Romanist pea-
santry. They come to England in great numbers, some
of them settle here, and others return ; but whether
they remain or go back, they persevere in their old ha-
bits of reckless life, and gross neglect of the lesser mo-
rals, such as cleanliness, punctuality, orderly arrange-
ment, and so forth. St. Giles's is St. Giles's still, with
all its revolting barbarism—though nothing but a line of
houses separates it from the orderly English gravity of
Great Russell-street, and the scientific treasures of the
British. Museum. The " Tipperary boys" are as ready
as ever for a row, and as content as ever with
wretched habitations which a little common in-
dustry might make comparatively comfortable,
though hundreds of them - visit England every year
to reap the harvest, and must see how much better
their class n'anage affairs with us. But we speak of the
classes above the peasantry—of those who give the tone
to public opinion. The fierce, domineering, swearing,
drinking, Orange party is gone. There are knots of in-
dividuals here and there who indulge among themselves
in the old truculence, but the party—the public body—
is gone. In its place has arisen the comparatively mo-
derate, but still firm and well-principled, Conservatives.
Hitherto " conciliation" has been very badly managed.
It has not meant a system of mild, equal, generous LGQ-
vernment, looking to what is just and fair without dis•
tinction of party, but it has meant the ascendancy of the
Romanist leaders, of the advocates of Radicalism, and
the ostentatious haters of the British Constitution, over
their old masters. There may have been something
like retributive justice in this, and if the object had been
to punish the old Orange party, the system was reason-
able enough. But Government ought to have something •
else to do than to punish the abusers of one era, by conti-
nuing the abuse in a contrary direction throughout another.

CHRONICLE.—Whatever our own suspicions may
be, we will assume that Sir Robert Peel possesses the
power which the Times asserts he has, and hold him to
the responsibility. And that responsibility at the pre-
sent crisis is truly of a most momentous description. In
a few hours upwards of one thousand of the first firms in
Manchester signed a requisition for the meeting to pre-
vent the prorogation of Parliament at this time. He
that runs may read the signification of this step. Man-
chester is the heart of the British manufacturing world,
and the distress which has long been felt in every
branch of our manufacturing industry has now reached
the heart itself, and a general paralysis is anticipated.
Men of capital perceive that, in the general prostra-
tion of industry, all property is insecure. The work-
man is wholly or partially unemployed, the mills are
standing still, all the dependent traders are suffering,
capitalist after capitalist sees his property take wings
and flee from him—and society is shaken to its inmost
foundations. There is literally at this moment serious
apprehension of a social convulsion in the manufacturing
districts. It can only be prevented by the sudden adop-
tion of measures calculated to chase from men's minds
the despondency which has taken possession of th nm,
and to hold out to them the hope of a brighter future.
Sir Robert has the power. Be it so. He should not have
credit for power, without being made to know that he has
also responsiblity. What is expected of the Prime Minis-
ter of a great empire like this, threatened in the very cen-
tre of its industry with paralysis and convulsion ? Surely
something more than to distribute places and patron-
age among his followers. There may be difficulties in
settling rival pretensions, in calming disappOinted am-
bition, and in putting the new executive in motion. But
these difficulties are not surely to engross for ever the
statesman who aspires to wield the destinies of this great
empire. The time has already come when we nre justi-
fied in reminding the Premier of the great oblect of
government. The people want bread. The Ministry.
exist, not for the sake of their emoluments and their
patronage, but the public welfare—the public safety.
Surely Sir Robert Peel .cannot have so low an
opinion of the responsibility which attaches to his
position, as to suppose that, when he has constructed

a Cabinet, and distributed his patronage among his
followers, he has done all which the country
expects of him at this alerting crisis. Surely he cannot
contemplate the deep insult to the distressed industrious
classes of this country, which is great only be its indus-
try, of dismissing the Members of both Houses to the
pleasures of the chace and other such amusements, at a
time when millions of the people are in the utmost des-
titution, and have their eyes fixed on the Legislature.
Through Parlimnent alone can remedial measures for the
distress of the people be obtained ; and to postpone the
the business of the country for six months, is, at a crisis
like the present, a direct incitement to revolt. The petty
pleasure of petty minds musenot be allowed at a time
like this to sway the councils of Britain. If Sir Robert
Peel dares to insult. the industrious classes, by this
mockery of their distress, he will soon be made to feel
that he has indeed incurred a most serious responsibility.
HERALD.—The opposition press has suddenly been
afaleted by a loss of memory. Sir Robeit Peel refused
his assent to the Corn proposition of the Whig Budget,
on the ground that an Bs. duty would be no protection to
agriculture, and would, in years of scarcity, be intolera-
' ble to the consumer; he objected to the Sugar proposi.
tion, because it ran the risk of aggravating the horrors
of slavery and the slave trade, at a time when there was
a prospect of an augmented supply of East and West In-
dian sugars, and a consequent reduction of price to the
consumer. On the Timber proposition the Right Hon.
Baronet refrained from expressing any opinion, because
the Whig Government never performed its pledge of
laying before Parliament the plan which Lord John
Russell asserted would reconcile Canada to the competi-:
tion of' Baltic timber. But Sir Robert Peel's opposition
to the Corn and Sugar propositions it not obnoxious to
the charge urged against it by the opposition - press.
The Right Hon. Baronet has at no time been the advo-
cate of dear breed,or.higlieprievl_eeigare on the con-
_ - • e• -hasbeerdistTnetly sited that he would lithit the
preteetion to agriculture to the extent required by- the
extra burdens imposed on land over those paid by any
other section of' the community, a principle, be it re-
marked, on which lard John Russell and his instructor,
Mr. APCulloch alone justify a fixed duty. What, then,
are these extra burdens on land ? What is the amount
of duty which would place. the landed en a fiscal level
with every other interest ? These are important ques-
t;eins, the solution of which is imperatively necessary be-
fore any scheme of Corn duties can be properly suggested;
and yet Lord John Russell, demanding such an amount
of protection to agriculture, actually proposed to legislate
on the Corn-laws without having arrived at any approxi-
mation of that amount. A precise knowledge of these
burdens is as necessary to the formation of a new sliding
scale as it is to a fixed duty ; because, it is impossible to
enter into any proper consideration of these laws in igno-
rance of details so indispensable to a just settlement of this
great question as are the relative amounts of taxation
paid by the various divisions of the community. In
opposing the sugar proposition, Sir Robert warned the
planters that their only hope of ultimate salvation and
prosperity would consist in their ability to give the
people of this country cheap sugar ; that the reasons
for rejecting the proposed reduction of the duty on the
foreign article were exceptional and temporary ; and
that if neither India, Ceylon, the Mauritius, nor the
West Indies-coulde on the expiration of the great experi-
ment now in progress in our sugar colonies, undersell
Cuba, Brazil, and Java, they would have to bear the
consequences of the competition of those countries. Sir
Robert. Peel stands uncommitted on the timber duties ;
and though it is certain that he will make no such
proposition as that of his predecessors, we fully
anticipate that he will hereafter suggest a greatly
improved, and, to the revenue; a much more be-
neficial scale of duties than now exists ; and this
anticipation is very much corroborated by what fell
on'the subject from the Earl of Ripon, on moving the
amendment to the address. It now suits the fraudulent
purposes of the opposition Journals to assume that Sir
Robert Peel is the determined enemy to the removal of
ail vexatious and 'unnecessary impediments to the ex-
tension of our commerce, and of the protective system
when carried to an injudicious extent. It likewise
accords with their objects to describe the late Ministers
as devoted to the principles of free trade ; forgetful that
Lord John Russell, Mr. Lebouchere, r. Baring, and ,
indeed every Cabinet Minister of Lord Melbourne's Ad-
ministration, admitted the principle of protection, and
declared their opposition. to merely fiscal duties ; and
totally regardless of the additional fact that those Jour-
nals devoted exclusively to the advocacy of unrestricted
freedom of commerce gave to the Whig Budget their
most inveterate opposition, and laughed- and'derided at
the claims of the late Ministers to be considered free
traders.

MONEY MARKET. and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
POST.—The joint stock bank to which allusion was
made 3 estertlay, is the Nottinghamshire Banking. Com-
pany. A deputation front the 'Directors have been in
London endeavoatring to arrange matters with the agents,
but have not succeeded. It is stated by the friends of
the establishment that there are not only ample assets to
meet all demands, but that the embarraisment has been
caused by the manner in which the house on which
they draw here hare conducted themselves with regard
to it. The high respectability of the parties in ques-
tion, and their unifin-m anxiety to afford accommodation,
and the particular bills which it is stated have led to the
step which they felt it necessary to take, are against the '
credit of the report.

Spanish bondholders are much pleased with the an-
nouncement that Mr. Thornton is to be requested to act
as bunker for the intended payment of the overdue in-
terest., but they fear that the intelligence is too good to
be correct. If such be the case, and the money actually
arrive, some hope may be entertained that the profes-
sions lately made by the Spanish Government are in-
tended to be kept. If the principle of honesty be ad-
hered to, confider.ce may be restored, but not until the
decrees which have so solemnly been promulgated be
fulfilled. The holders of the bonds cannot but recollect
that many of them were induced to purchase upon ad-
vertisements, announcing the payment of the dividend,
signed by the Ambassador from that country, and which
proved to be vox et pretercu as they have since dis-
covered to their cost.

If Mr. Thornton be inclined to undertake the office,
he will do well not to state so until he have the cash in
hand, and the pubic ought not to operate in any way
until they have his guarantee that'such is the case. if
the protnises hitherto made have each and all been
broken, what security, but tht.. money, can be be relied
on in Ili!, present instance ?

TIMES.—The democratic party are, of course, highly
delighted at the firm and manly conduct of President
Tyler. The question of a national bank seems now to
be set at rest, the Bankists having been defeated by the
Vice-President of their own choice. He has conscien-
tiously taken his stand on his own views of the Constitu-
tion, and has declared against a national bank, not-on
account of minor items of detail, which might be re-
moved in a modiied scheme, but against a bank of dis-
count generally.• This proceeding is in conformity with
the views we have always advocated, on the conviction
that an office for the sole purpose of collecting and dis-
bursing the public revenue, without any private interest
that might clash with its duty to the public, was the
only institution calculated for the United_States, and that
a national bank and its concomitancies would be but a
national evil. As for the objection to the sub-treasury,
that it would keep locked up a vast quantity of specie,
it has, we believe, been ascertained that $5,000,000
would be all that would ever be required to lie in the
vaults at once, a sum which could not in any way embar-
rass such u nation as the Union.

SUN.—The steamer from Halifax, with dates
nine days later from America, is almost hourly
expected, .and her arrival is looked for with
much interest.

The Funds were very steady again to-day,
though with very little doing. The news re-
ceived from Paris of the infamous attempt on
the life of the Due d'Aumale, or, as is more
generally believed here, upon the Heir Apparent,
the Duke of Orleans, had no effect upon the
value of the Public Securities, as there seems to
be every confidence in. the ability of Louis
Philippe to preserve the tranquility of his
capital. For immediate transfer, Consols realised
89/ to WI, and for Account 904 to 90; ; Ex-
chequer Bills were 12 to 14 premium, and East
India Bonds reached 3 to 4 premium. India
Stock was dull again at 2461. The New Three-
and-a-Half per Cents. advanced to 981 and 99.
The settlement of the Half-monthly Account
in the Foreign Market takes place to-morrow,
and most of the jobbers were occupied in
arranging their books, as there has been a good
deal of speculation in Spanish Stock lately.
Spanish Active Bonds were 211 to for Money,
and at 22 for the next Account. Mexican Stock
was marked 251, and Venezuela 29; Russian
Stock was 'at 1124, and Dutch Two-and-a-Half
per Cents. realised 511 to 4.
The Share Market was steady, and for some of
the lines of Railway rather improved rates were
obtained. Great Western Railway Shares were
14; the New, 5 to 51; the Fifths, 4 to 44 ;
London and Birmingham 69, and the South Wes-
tern 124 premium; Brighton were 31 t 0.41• Bir-
mingham and Gloucester 401, and Midland
Counties 24 discount.
1101111. e Floi;oeiiguut.eEs xf,c)lriaTnigueosew.iletio•eoltohNsv,eir,atlpliesrla,f.vt.teer,re-.
io-10;
these:—Paris, 25f. 60c. to 65c.; Amster3rdapm,
Antwerp, 12 34 to 1 ; Hamburg:h,
The following are the official retoufi
Frankfort, 149 to 1491 ; and. Trieste,.
o.
London, for
ports of Bullion from the Port returns the ex-
ports
26,000 oz.
thevNevie.ecko eon
40,000
Mauritius .......
last
36,000
tdoililloTttheirldtnaY
Bars to llarriburgh

A Lothian, M.P.—The Tory Member for
M i
whip in hand, left the Salutation
Hotel yesterday, in discharge of the elevated function of
roachee of the Defiance Coach ! What will the
.Consti-
Nam:al—now so watchful of the absence of M. P.'s from
St. Stephen's—say of this ostentatious neglect of Parlia-
mentary duties ?—Perthshire Advertiser.