The Sun.
London, England, 1847-09-08 00:00:00

seemed to be his only care. Her pains, her
misery, were objects of secondary consideration.
Not a single farthing would he give until the barn
was vacated, and the haplesss family exposed,
without shelter or covering, to the inclemency of
the weather. Again, how long was it before
assistance could be procured after they had arrived
at Ferriby, and even when the full circumstances of
the case were manifested ? The English nation has
deservedly gained the highest character for humanity
and philanthropy. No people since the creation of
the world have made such sacrifices in the cause of
charity. Witness the twenty millions of pounds
sterling freely and readily paid to extinguish
slavery in our dominions, and the annual expenditure,
not only of money, but of the far more precious lives
of our gallant sailors, in order to prevent the hor-
rible trade from being carried on, and the appalling
atrocities that were perpetrated by the slave-
dealers. Witness the ten millions sterling
so willingly advanced for the relief of our Irish
brethren (half by way of loan and the residue as a
free gift) during the past year, and the voluntary
contributions, exceeding half a million more, for the
same benevolent purpose. Why then are there such
painful exceptions to the general rule in individual
cases ? The causes should, as far as possible, be
searched out, and adequate remedies applied to the
evil—remedies that we trust may prevent the possi-
bility of a similar occurrence.

According to ancient usage, a day of national
lamentation was ordained by the Legislature during
the crisis of the late scarcity of provisions. So
alarming were the prospects of famine (and its fearful
sequence, pestilential disease), that the Government
deemed it advisable, even in the nineteenth century,
to announce the necessity for some general act of
humiliation, whereby the scourges of hunger and
death might be removed from the land, and the
mercy of DIVINE PROVIDENCE be, in some measure,
propitiated. If nothing better were the result of the
public fast, it must have acted beneficially upon a
large proportion of the least educated classes, by re-
minding them that there is a Divinity to be adored,
by calling to their recollection that throughout all
grades of the human family there is a common de-
pendence upon an omnipotent but invisible CREATOR.
That these sublime and everlasting truths are but
scantily comprehended among certain portions of the
population of these islands, is a fact as deplorable as

it is notorious. It is declared not merely in the ficti-
tious delineations of Sir BULWER LYTTON—as where
he describes, in " Ernest Maltravers," the ignorance
of Alice of the name and the nature of the God-
head—but it has been proclaimed also, in accents
that defy incredulity, in the examinations made be-
fore the Commissioners sent by Parliament into the
mining districts and the factories. To such mi-
serable and debased creatures, such an event
as a national fast must present a spectacle
at once striking and suggestive. It must
convey the greatest truth of creation to their minds
more forcibly than the sententious paragraphs
of a catechism. It must stamp upon their imagina-
tions the idea of a God—that knowledge which affords
consolation even to the sceptic, and produces virtue
even in the worldling. Whether the macerations of
the flesh by abstinence from food, or by acts expres-
sive of humility and submission, are requisite under
the new law, may remain a matter for the discussion
of theologians. It may continue questionable whe-

ther the inhabitants of London should, by fasting,
emulate the sackcloth and the ashes of the inhabitants
of Nineveh. But it is most certain that no ill conse-
quences can flow from such expressions of national
grief and supplication. They not only effect an in-
estimable advantage for those who are immersed in
ignorance, by revealing to them, as we have already
observed, the most majestic of truths in a light the
most startling and impressive, but they must by ne-
cessity exercise a sustaining, a purifying, and an
ennobling influence over every member of the com-

munity.
Before the prospect of a famine in Ireland the
people of the United Kingdoms bowed their heads in
sorrow—the Legislature ordained a day on which
their affliction should be expressed simultaneously.
Now that these privations are diminishing, and that
there is a probability of our experiencing the joys of
a plentiful harvest, it becomes manifest to every
rational man that the nation should give some token
of its happiness and its gratitude—that the Legis-
lature should ordain a day of general exultation and

thanksgiving. Otherwise the reproach of hypocrisy
will attach itself to the country; and the faith of
Englishmen will be regarded as nothing better than
a desperate refuge in the hours of their extreme deso-
lation. Not to apply it jestingly, the fickleness of
the- religious sentiment of the empire will be reflected
in the old rhyming proverb : _ _ _

" When the devil was ill, the devil a saint would be;
When the devil got well, the devil a saint was he."

the order was expelled from all the states of Europe,
and declining tG enter upon an examination of their
moral system and their writings, confined himself to
a general view of their manner of acting in the Con-
federation. Their expulsion, he said, was proposed
by the canton of Argau, which, as a mixt canton,
was best able to appreciate the pernicious effects of
their mode of proceeding in Switzerland. The states
in which the order was established assumed that the
question involved much less the expulsion of the Je-
suits than the annihilation of the cantonal authority,
but that it was not difficult to prove that these
states had fallen into an error, public opinion was
against them, their presence excited disturbance
throughout the Confedration, and yet they would
not yield any of their pretensions—blood had been
shed, and they threatened to bring about a schism,
which would be the ruin of the country. Having no
country themselves they could not have any patriotic
feelings. After a few further arguments he declared
that as the representative of Zurich he should vote for
the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Swiss territories.
M. Fisher, from Lucerne, said he did not rise to de-
fend the Order of Jesus, but to declare that the people
of his canton would be ready at all times to defend its
independence and sovereignty. Having discussed
the question at some length, he concluded by saying
that he was charged by his Grand Council to declare,
that the Government and people of Lucerne would
never acknowledge as valid a decree of the Diet, pro-
nouncing the expulsion of the Jesuits. Lucerne
wished for peace, but if forced to take up arms to de-
fend her independence, whether against the Diet or
against the free corps, she would not shrink from any
sacrifice. The Deputies for Uri, Schwyz, and Under-
weld, spoke to the same purport. The Deputy for
Glaris conceived that public tranquillity in Switzer-
land demanded the expulsion of the Jesuits. The
Deputy from Zug supported the arguments of
Lucerne. The Deputy from Fribourg pronounced
the proposition for the expulsion of the Jesuits to be
the most impolitic that could be conceived, and as it
must be considered as an attack upon the sovereignty
of the cantons ought to be branded with reprobation.
History and treaties, he said, proved that the tran-
quillity of Switzerland arose from the entire freedom
of the confessional. He then quoted the federal
compact to establish that the internal police of each
canton was under its own direction, and that the
Diet was incompetent to interfere with it, and
That as to the Jesuits it was yet to be proved that
they compromised the tranquillity of Switzerland.
The Deputy for Soleure stated that it was precisely
because his canton was entirely Catholic, that it
knew the distinction between the true interests of
religion and the existence of an order which, far
from serving them, only tended to compromise them.
He maintained the competency of the Diet to inter-
pose in supporting the internal tranquillity of the
country as well as its peace with foreign powers.
The Catholic religion, he affirmed, could exist with-
out the Jesuits, as was proved by the cantons of
Soleure and Tessino, which would have none of
them; and by the cantons of Uri and Unterwald,
which, though without having any Jesuits, never-
theless proclaimed themselves to be the best Catholic
cantons of Switzerland. The Deputy for Bale town
expressed the pleasure he had felt at seeing Lu-
cerne spontaneously decide upon expelling the
Jesuits, which, he maintained, was a cantonal mea-
sure in which the Diet was not competent to inter-
pose. He drew a dark picture of the present state of
Switzerland, as being on the point of becoming a
prey to foreign Powers, and intreated both parties to
act with moderation, concluding with quoting the
motto—" Union is strength." The Deputy for Bale
country voted for the expulsion. The Deputy for
Schaffhausen spoke in a contrary sense. The Deputy
for Inner Appenzell desired that the question should
be withdrawn from the order of the day. The De-
puty for Outer Appenzell was of opinion that the
iiiet had the power of expulsion, and ought to exer-
cise it. The Deputy for Saint Gall argued from a
conviction that the order was incompatible with the
public repose of Switzerland, as history had proved
that its principal object was to contend against Pro-
testantism, and therefore there could be no peace so
long as the two confessions were in hostility with each
other. It being then three o'clock, and there re-
maining nine other Deputies to express their sen-
timents, the debate was adjourned till the next
sitting.

Such, however, is the ordinary indifference to good
fortune as compared with the emotions evinced at cir-
cumstances of a calamitous character, that Lord
BYRON has scornfully remarked that revolutions,
plagues, invasions, comets, and wars are the favourite
dates of mankind—" who have so many blessings in
their lot that they never make their calendars from
them, being too common." In illustration of this
argument, he continues (See Mooxes " Life of
Byron," vol. vi., p. 261), " You see, for instance,
the Great Drought, the Thames Frozen Over, the
Seven Years' War broke out, the English, or French,.
or Spanish Revolution commenced, the Lisbon
Earthquake, the Lima Earthquake, the Earth-
quake of Calabria, the Plague of London, ditto
of Constantinople, the sweating sickness, the yellow
fever of Philadelphia, &c., &c., &c. ; but you don't see
the abundant harvest, the fine summer, the lov peace, the
wealthy speculation, the wrechless voyage, recorded so
emphatically!" Flippant as this observation of the
illustrious poet is in tone, there is a profound wisdom

in its raillery, and a wholesome moral in its bitter-
ness. It will be well for us, just now, to appreciate
that moral and to recognise that wisdom. A hap-
pier opportunity could not be afforded than the one
which arises from the abundance and excellence of
our crops in 'grain, in vegetables, and in fruitage.
Surely there is as much reason to rejoice over the
ripeness of an orchard as to lament over the rotten-
ness of a potato-field ! And those who are, from
certain ethical objections, disinclined to bow the knee
or to stint the appetite when the granaries are void,
will not be disposed to clamour at the tokens of na-
tional happiness which result from the unusual pro-
ductiveness of the season. Few men can be
found who would raise a dissentient voice against
the official appointment of a jubilee in considera-
tion of the plentiful harvest which has followed an
unusual scarcity.

point of view that the powers assembled in Congress
at Vienna considered the protest of Cardinal Con-
salidi."

The Nuremberg Correspondent has the following :
" France having admitted the right of Austria to
garrison Ferrara and Comachio, the occupation of
the former place will raise no difficulty between
Austria and France. It is certain that M. Guizot
has not addressed any protest to the Austrian Go-
vernment, and will make none, whatever may be the
conduct of the Italian Government. On the con-
trary, France has invited the Holy See to examine
whether it would not be better to take no fresh steps
relative to the occupation of Ferrara, which is in-
contestably a right on the part of Austria, as the
fermentation which prevails in Italy cannot but
increase, and settle the affair not by protests but by
diplomatic negotiations. With regard to diplomatic
negotiations, M. Guizot has rejected all mediation
in the affair, and declared that direct negociations on
the part of the Pontifical Court will be attended with
the better results."

The Roman Advertiser of the 28th ult. has the
following :
" It is said that an answer to the protest of the
legate of Ferrara has arrived from Vienna. The
Emperor declares that the occupation was ordered by
Radetaky alone, ' who had, however, been invested
with the power of judging when it might be right
and necessary to take such a step ;' that this pro-
ceeding is not considered an infringement of the
rights of the Sovereign Pontiff, but is a right
vested in the Emperor by the treaty of Vienna ;
that if his Holiness is of a different opinion, Austria
consents to have the matter referred to an arbiter at
the choice of the Holy Father. Pro-Governor Morandi
issued a decree at Rome on the 25th ult. against the
clandestine press. When,' says he, a law already
exists, that admits of the expression of opinion within
just and reasonable limits, and whilst his Holiness is
again preparing to reconsider the existing laws on the
press and the censorship, no violation of the existing
laws should be tolerated.' By this decree the authors,
the abettors, and distributors of an unauthorised print
are punished with imprisonment during a term not
exceeding a year, and with a fine of from 50f. to 300 f."

Cardinal Outora, Prefect of the congregation of
bishops at Rome, has addressed a letter to Cardinal
OPlzzoNr, Archbishop of Bologna, directing him to
effect by persuasion or force the disarming of the
volunteers of the legations, a sort of irregular militia
instituted by GREGORY XVI. to act against popular
demonstrations, and composed of individuals of ques-
tionable character, and disaffected towards the pre-
sent Government. The Archbishop has, in con-
sequence, addressed a circular to the curates of his
diocese, enjoining them to aid in persuading
these individuals to lay down their arms peaceably,
and submit to the civic guard, now instituted through-
out the province. The Cardinal Archbishop of Ra-
venna has addressed a circular, dated 20th ult., to the
curates of his diocese, prescribing rules for the orga-
nization of the civic guard, and enjoining them to
preach to the people obedience and fidelity to their
Prince in this crisis. The last sentence of the circu-
lar is as follows :

" Lastly, join in prayer with us, that the God of
Armies may vouchsafe to bless the weapons which the
Holy Father with paternal confidence trusts to the
hands of his sons for the defence of our religion and
eountry ; and to shed his blessing over the citizens
of Ravenna, who, firmly united in so sacred a cause,
receive them from him, who is their glory and de-
light."

The following, which appears in the Austrian Ob.
server, may be considered as the official defence o
the Austrian Government of their occupation of

The Prussian State Gazette publishes a comparative
table for 1846 and 1847 of the imports and exports of
Odessa. It appears from this table that the exports
during the first six months of 1846 amount to
7,867,485 silver roubles (31,469,940 f.), and those of
the corresponding six months of 1847 to 16,863,956
roubles (67,455,8240. This enormous difference was
occasioned by the increase of the trade in corn.
A letter from Warsaw, of the 26th ult., says—
" The Emperor of RUSSIA is expected here, to be
present at a grand review in the environs. On
January 1 the new penal code will be put in force.
Puland will then be incorporated with Russia."

Madrid papers of the Ist have arrived.
The Gaceta publishes the list of the new Ministry,
which we gave in The Sun of yesterday. NARvAEz
will not be suffered to return to Paris, and
it is even said that he has been banished to Burgos.
The Presidency of the Ministry is to be offered to
the Duke of PRIAS, and should he refuse office, to
General ALAIX, who was Minister of War at the time
of the Convention of Bergara. The Eco del
Comercio declares that nothing could exceed the
joy of all classes at the narrow escape they have
had from the sanguinary rule of NARVAEZ and
the Afrancesado faction ; and their gratitude to the
QUEEN, for the spirit and decision which she has
manifested, is in proportion.
These journals contain letters from Lisbon of the
28th ult. They state that the acts of the new Minis-
try had been very unfavourably received ; that- a
spirit of insurrection had begun to develop itself at no
great distance from the capital, and that a chief of
partisans, well known for his ferocity, had put himself
at the head of a guerilla in the environs of Aldea-
Gallega. The Nacional, of Oporto, had announced
that the dissolution of the Chartist battalions appeared
to be determined on, but that they would be allowed
to retain their arms. They were said to amount to
17,918 men, being only 82 fewer than the legal
strength of the army. The new Minister of Finance
had demanded a return of the number of Government
employes, and had, it was said, determined on taking
all the revenues of the capital for the service of the
State.

MADRID BOLSA, SEPT. .—The Three per Cents
26 paper; Fiveper Cents., 17f paper, 171 cash ;
Debt without interest, 51 paper. Exchange on
London, 49.

Ferrara :

Letters from Athens of the 22d of August state that
a Government proclamation had been issued the day
before, announcing that a battle had been fought near
Chalcis, between the Government troops and those
under the command of GRIZIOTTIS, in which the
latter is stated to have been mortally wounded, and
his followers completely routed and dispersed. The
killed and wounded on both sides are said to amount
to above 400 ; and GRIZIOTTIS' defeat is attributed to
his despising the regular soldiers sent against him
who attacked and carried all his entrenchments at the'
point of the bayonet. The Government irregulars,
under General GARDIKIOTTI Gmas, have since been
amusing themselves, according to orders, in burning
the villages and murdering the old men and women
they contain ! These are the troops conveyed to the
scene of action by the French war-steamers.
This is the third insurrection that has taken place
since the illegal proceedings at the elections have
driven the people to despair. A number of surgeons
have been sent off from Athens to Chalcis with mules
loaded with beds and large sacks of lint. The Go-
vernment is endeavouring to disguise the number of
killed and wounded, as the people do not admire
the carnage, and say that in civil war there can be no

victory.
A pitched battle, with thousands of men in the
field, fought within thirty miles of the capital• '
such have been the effects of the illegal measures
adopted by COLETTI to stifle the expression of public
opinion, at the suggestion of his French masters.
These letters do not state whether or no the crews of
the French steam .boats took any part in the action.

We have received the Paris papers of Monday.

should also be French by what it bought from us.
The tariffs were modified, and it is in consequence of
this reform that we must now count Algeria as one
of the best customers of our home market."

The Madrid correspondent of the National gives
the following account of the causes which led to the
ill-success of NARVAEZ in his attempts to form a
Ministry. He says that NARVAEZ has been merely
acting a part. He knew beforehand what names to
present to ISABELLA, to cause her to reject the list
with disgust. By a singular chance it so happened
that the men whom he had chosen as members of his
Ministry were precisely those who had been pointed
out, in various reports presented by the police, as
members of a conspiracy, the object of which was to
procure the deposition of the QUEEN ; among them
were persons who were in constant communication
with M. DE GLUCKSBURGH and with the KING.
Therefore to assure the rejection of the list by the
QUEEN, it was only necessary to recal to her recol-
lection their acts and their plots against herself. This
was alone sufficient to make her consider the offer of
such a list:asjan outrage against herself. She believed
she was about to be again delivered up to her enemy
to be re•crucified to PAQuo—delivered over to the
tender mercies of her mother and her uncle. She
became furious with rage, as NARVAEZ expected she
would be, rejected his list, and gave him his dis-
missal." The National considers this version of the
story not at all improbable, because NAnvatz, who had
always been a supporter of the Trapani alliance, was
much offended by the contracting of the French
marriage. His pride was cruelly wounded by the
studied insults that were offered to him at the nuptial
fetes by the partizans of the French alliance, at which
time he was on the most friendly terms with Mr,
BULWER. NARVAEZ, who sometimes forgets a be-
nefit, never forgets or forgives an injury. He is,
moreover, a clever politician, and must, during his
stay in Paris, have known that the general opinion of
the most shrewd persons in the diplomatic world
has long been that the French system in Spain
was " used up," that its influence was daily declin-
ing, and that everything announced its approaching
fall.

The D6bats anxious, if possible, to divert the pub-
lic attention from the results of the policy of M.
GulzoT in France, Spain, Switzerland, and Italy,
treats its readers to a dull leader on the sub-
ject of the progress of fever in Ireland. This
attempt at herring-trailing is clever, but it will
not succeed—the scent of corruption lies too
strong to be overcome for anything else. The
Presse, too, has doubtless received the mot d'ordre
from the Palace, and it also treats it readers
to a leader on Irish affairs. This paper, how-
ever, also publishes the following important statistical
details, drawn from official returns, of the commercial
movement of France during the past year :
" The ensemble of the exchanges of France with
her colonies and the foreign Powers amounted, in
1846, to 2,437,000,000 f. ; viz., 1,257,000,000 f. for
importation, 1,180,000,000 f. for exportation. If we
take a glance at the last fifteen years, and divide
them into three quinquennial periods, it will be seen
that our general commerce has always been on the
increase during those three periods; but that the
progress of our exportations abroad has not followed
with an equal advance the increase of the foreign im-
portations into France. During the first quinquennial
period, from 1832 to 1836, our exportations exceed
by 239,000,000 f. the amount of our importations. In
the following periods the proportion changes, and
turns more and more in an opposite sense. In the
second period, our exportations fall by 71,000,000 E be-
low the importations. In the third period the fall is still
heavier—our exportations being 573,000,000 f. inferior
to the amount of goods coming in. This result can-
not be attributed to errors arising from the mode of
valuing the products exchanged. The Custom-
house, in fact, values those products, both in entering
and leaving the country according to a scale of official
values which has remained unchanged since 1826.
Ever since that period, the 'merchandise sent from
abroad to France, as well as that leaving France for
foreign countries, have been estimated on the same
bases. It is consequently the movement of exchanges
which has been modi▪ fied. In the 2,437,000 f. of
articles exchanged between France and the different
countries of the globe, 72 per cent. or 1,755,000,000 f.
were conveyed by sea. What was the part of our
flag in those conveyances? At the first glance, we
find 828,000,000 f. for the national, 926,000,000 f.
for foreign ones. Thus, even in that case, we should
not convey half the products exchanged on our coast.
That already would not be very brilliant, for if we
examine the returns of the maritime movement in
England and the Uni▪ ted States, we see that these
two Powers keep
.for themselves the greater part of
the transports which are effected between their ports
and foreign ones. But how far we are from pos-
sesAng even that modest part ! To arrive at the
figure of 828,000,000 E , it has been necessary to count
the mass of transports effected in the domain of what
is called the reserved navigation, such as colonies,
fishery, &c. Now,. as foreign competition is pro-
hibited by our laws in this domain, as we reign there
alone and without divi▪
sion, it is very evident that to
have a correct idea of the success obtained by our flag
in its struggle with foreign ones, that element of com-
parison must be struck out. That makes 285,000,000 f.
to cut off, and there then remain only 543,000,000 f.
of transports to oppose to the 920,000,000 f., which
form the share of the foreign flag. The countries
with which our relati▪
ons are the most active are as
follow : they are numbered in the order of their im-
portance (let us observe that we are here referring to
the importations and exportations united, or what is
termed general commerce) :-1. United States; 2.
England; 3. Switzerland; 4. Sardinian States; 5.
Belgium ; 6. German Association ; 7. Spain ; 8. Al-
geria; 9. Russia. For the special commerce this
order is somewhat modified. The United States
and England still retain the first rank; but Switzer-
land descends from No. 3 to No. 8 ; the Sar-
dinian States ascend to No. 3, and Belgium takes No.
4. Do our readers desire to know the order in
which the countries that send us the greatest quantity
of products are ranged? We now only speak of
special
Sardinian
States, : - - U t ed
07,0050 t, aotoo es, f 1; 41,0B00,el0g(i)O.
urnf
101,000,000 f. ; England, 79,000,000 f. ; Russia,
53,000,0001. ; German Association, 47,000,0001. ;
Turkey, 38,000,000 f. ; Spain, 36,000.,0001. ; Switzer-
land, 29,000,000 E
The order in importance of the
countries to which we send the greater part of our
products
States, is as
follows, :—England, :700Eonf.g;lanAd,lge1r1i3a,00(0F,Or0e0ncf.h
colony), 94,009,000 f. ; Spain, ;
United
73,000,000 f. ; German
Association, 62,000,000 E ; Sardinian States,
49,000,000 E ; Belgian, 48,000,000 E; Switzerland,
47,000,000 f. ; Martinique (French colony),
22,000,0001. Let us remark, first, that our Antilles
are, with respect to their extent, one of our best
markets. Martinique and Guadeloupe received for
their part, in 1846, 42,000,000 f. of products from
the home country. Should not this consideration,
even in the absence of every other, suffice to
impose on us great attention to all that concerns
their future prospects? Algeria, as a marker, occu-
pies also an important position. She is worth almost
as much to us in that respect as the United States.
But what causes Algeria to be so great a market to
us is, that we ourselves convey to it consumers who
purchase our products—an army of 100,000 men ;
and let us remark, moreover, that it is with the money
we send there—upwards of 100,000,0001. per annum
—that these products are purchased. There is, there-
fore, a great deal to be deducted from the real value
of this market. Let us state, that until the last few
years, the Custom-house permitted free trade in
Algeria. Foreign merchandise was admitted on
almost the same footing as our own. What hap-
pened ? Our own goods did not sell. It was the
English especially who supplied Algeria. W e had
the charges—they had the profits ! This kind of
division suited them, and aided them to support with
resignation an occupation which their diplomacy has
never fully recognised. But at length it was per-
ceived that we played the part of dupes ; and it was
desired that Algeria, French by what it cost us, j

The Moniteur publishes a royal ordonnance, which
places Algeria under a form of government of a more
civil character than previously. After suppressing
the present directions of the Interior, of Colonization,
Public Works, Finance, and Commerce, established
by the ordonnances of the 15th April, 1845, and 21.1
April, 1846, it declares that there shall be a direction
of civil affairs in each of the provinces of Algiers,
Oran, and Constantina, and that the present sub-
directors of the Interior and of Colonization shall
assume the title of Sub-Director of Civil Affairs.
There is to be in each province a Council of Direction,
of which the Director of Civil Affairs is to be presi-
dent. The directors are to correspond with the
Governor-General. These directors and members of
council are to be nominated by the KING. The
tribes, or fractions of tribes, are to be under the ex•
clusive direction of the Arab officers. Another
ordonnance of the same date is calculated to prevent
undue influence or collusion in the grants of lands in
the colony by declaring, with other regulations, that
all grants of from twenty-five to -one hundred hec-
tares shall be confirmed by the Goverr.or- General
upon tkle advice of the superior council of adminis-

, ..
Italian and Austrian, PA—Orleans and Bordeaux, 41,i.
Paris and Lyons, 3N—Pans and Rouen, 37.

`We have received the following account of the
sitting of the Swiss Diet on the 2d, on the question
of the Jesuits :

" The Ga2etle de Bilancia, published at Rome,
containing a long article relative to the late events at
Ferrara, in which there are many errors, we think
it our duty to endeavour to correct them. All the
question with regard to Ferrara is reduced to this—
whether Austria possesses the right of garrisoning
Ferrara or not. Article 103 of the treaty of Vienna
places the matter beyond a doubt, notwithstanding,
the attempt of the Gazelle to make it appear other-
wise. If it is thus proved that Austria has the right
of garrisoning Ferrara and Comachio, all the diffi-
culty raised on some measures recently ordered by
the commandant-in-chief at Ferrara, and which are
only the application of the general orders of the
army, fall to the ground. The Bilancia adds
We will go back to the treaty of Vienna,
andin seizing with respect the august word
of our Sovereign, we boldly say that the mo-
mentis come to give the full effect demanded by jus-
tice
to certain protests which have been made.' As
this imprudent declaration of the Bilancia is of a
nature to explain the springs which are put in motion
by parties so irritated at the late events at Ferrara, it
is important to thoroughly examine the character' of
the protest alluded to. Three days after the signature
of the final act of the Congress at Vienna—viz. the
12th June, 1815—Cardinal Consalidi, the Plenipo-
tentiary of the Pope, handed in two protests. In one
the Cardinal protested against all dispositions contrary
to the interests of the Catholic religion and to the
rights of the Church. lie cites-1. The non-re-
establishment of the ecclesiastical principalities attri-
buted to the different temporal Princes (Catholic and
non-Catholic). 2. The non-restitution of ecclesias-
tical property left in part in the hands of the
new possessors under the co•operation of the
legitimate authority. 3. The non-re-establish-
ment of the Holy Roman empire. In the second
protest the Cardinal thanks, in the name of the Holy
Father, the Monarch who had restored it into the
patrimony of St. Peter ; but, at the same time, he
protested against the non-restitution to the Holy See
of the province of Avignon, the coinitat of Venaisin,
and of the part of the legation of Ferrara, situated
on the left bank of the Po, as well as against the
right of garrison of Austria in the places of Ferrara
and Comachio. It suffices to throw a glance on the
objects against which the Court of Rome has pro-
tested to be convinced that they wished to attack the
irresistible force of things which had shaken
European order, and changed the face of that part of
the world. It is evident that the protest of Cardinal
Consalidi cannot be considered but as a formality
commanded by the ancient traditions of the Roman
See, as the reserves which had been made after the
peace of Westphalia in 1649, that of Alt Ramstadt
in 1707, and of Baden in 1714. It is really in this

"The debate was opened :by M. Furrer, Deputy
from Zurich, who, passing by the motives on which

(From the Times.)

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEP i EMBER t 71.847.

tration, and that those of one hundred hectares and
upwards by the KING, upon the report of the Minister
of War, and the advice of the Council of State.
The Courrier Francais comments at considerable
length on this ordonnance, which it declares to be a
mere mockery, put forth for the purpose of gulling
the public into a belief that some reform has been
effected. It thus concludes:—
" To recapitulate, we have to say that nothing has
been done. The new ordonnances maintain the
military supremacy and the system of zones with the
Arab bureaux, increasing the number of employes
under the pretext of suppressing some of the posts.
They augment the confusion of the service, without
adopting any new administrative measure. They
create neither civil institutions nor municipal ones—
they do not even, in displacing what is arbitrary,
improve its organization. What, then, is changed in
Africa ? A Governor-General has been appointed,
who will wait for his emancipation by a Viceroy,
and who has an account of two milliards already ex-
pended, and of a hundred thousand men destroyed, of
whom France deplores the loss!".
General LAMORIcIERE and General BEDBAU are
about to return to Algeria immediately.
Lieutenant-General Count DE BOURKE, Peer of
France, a distinguished officer of the Empire, died
last week at the age of 75.

The Union Monarchique says—" It appears that
the post of Ambasiador at Madrid has been given to
M. DE BACOUAT, who was for some years Minister
Plenipotentiary at Washington. He was First Secre-
tary of the Embassy of London when M. DE TAD-
LEYEAND was Ambassador there."

The corvette the Meurthe, commanded by M. LE
FRAPPE; lieutenant de vaisseau, has arrived at Brest
from Otaheite. She has a crew of 142 men on

board, and brings back 190 infantry, marine and ar-
tillery. She left at Otaheite the French vessels of war
the Uranie, the Ariane, the Phaeton, and the Fortune.
The crews were in the enjoyment of excellent health.
From Otaheite the Meurthe went to Rio Janiero, where
it remained from June 24 to July 5. She found
there the Charte and Danae frigates.

The Three per Cents. opened on the Paris Bourse on
Monday at 76f. 70c., but speedily fell to 76f. 50c., clos-
ing, however, at 761. 55c. The Five per Cents., from
which the coupon was to be detached next day, also de
clined, to the extent of 15c. Shares were even more in
disfavour. Northerns at one moment fell to 5281 f., but
terminated at 530 f. Orleans fell 2if., Rouens, 3:1f., and
Marseilles, which had reached 580 t., closed at 5711 f.
The Three per Cents. closed at 76f. 55c. ; the Five
per Cents., 1181. 29c. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares,
1,227 f. 50c. ; Rouen, 947 f. 50e. ; Havre, 5781. 75c. ;
Great Northern, 530 f. ; Avignon, 5711. 75c. ; Vierzon,
5621. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 452 f. 50c. ; Dieppe, 2701. ;
Basle, 1701. ; Paria and Strasburg, 3851.; Tours and
Nantes, 3671. 50c. ; Paris and Lyons, 382 f. 50c. ;
Lyons and Avignon, 447 f. 50c.
MARSEILLES, SEPT. 2.-Marseilles and Avignon,
5751. ; Northern, 533 f. 75c.
LYONS, SEPT. 4.-Paris and Rouen, 948 f. 75c. ; Avig-
non and Marseilles, 5711. 25c. ; Northern, 5311. 25c. ;
Paris and Lyons, 3921. 50c. ; Lyon and Avignon, 572 f.
50c. ; Orleans, 1,228 f. 75c.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, SEMEMBEZ 7.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

The Journal des Debats announces that a royal
decree was signed at Madrid on the 2d, authorising
the return of all political emigrants without exception,
and that all prosecutions commenced against them
should be annulled.

The Duke of Frias left Bayonne on the 4th inst.
for Madrid.

The Duke of Sotomayor likewise left for the
capital on the same day.

Sir George Larpent, as Chairman of the Com-
mittee for extending Steam Communication between
Australia, India, and England, has received informa-
tion from Sydney by the last mail, that the Legisla-
tive Council of New South Wales has voted 5001.
per month out of the colonial revenues towards
carrying out this great object ; thus incontestibly
proving the anxiety on the subject of the southern
colonies, which is not surprising, as they are the only
portion of the empire excluded from the benefits of
steam intercourse with England.
WELsit GRAMMAII•SCHOOL.—Through the muni-
ficence of Mr. Phillips, a native of Wales, a 'Welsh
Grammar-school has lately been endowed, which is
to be established at Llandovery, for the education of
twenty free scholars, natives of the dioceses of St.
David's and Llandaff. This benevolent gentleman,
being aware of the great deficiency existing in Wales
of elementary instruction in the Welsh language,
combined with a classical education, has supplied the
want, and by the above excellent institution has pro-
vided all that is needful for the training of youths for
the Welsh ministry, to enable them to write and
compose in their native language with elegance and
accuracy, which; is not only required in the pulpit,
but, from the number of periodicals which are pub-
lished monthly in the Welsh language, it is indis-
pensable that there should be qualified writers belong-
ing to the Est ablished Church. The master is to be
in full orders, -but is not to undertake any weekly.
parochial duti es, and has the privilege of instructing
as many pay scholars as will not be injurious to those
on the endowment. The Learned Bishop of St.
David's is arcointed visitor, and a public examination
will take plime at stated periods.
Discov roar or AN ANCIENT BUST.—An interesting
discovery wat: made last month at Tunis. In clearing
away a mottzt in the inner port at Carthage to extract
some stone. fo r the repair of the quays at Go.
letta, the
workmen found a colossal marble bust, which is sup-
posed to repro sent Juno, in as perfect a state of preser-
vation as if ifj had been just sculptured.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
In the Liverpool Cotton market yesterday the sales
were only 1,500 bales, at previous ratez,, and included
1,200 bales American, at 6d. to 74d.; 60 Parnam, at
qd.; 60 Egyptian, at 81d. to 9d.; and 60 Surat, at
44d. to 60. per lb.—Shares were flatter, and generally
lower.

The election for Deputy-Governor at the Bank of
England is now in progress, and no doubt Mr. Prescott
will be chosen, as there is no other candidate.
There does not appear to be much known in town yet
respecting the houses at Manchester reported to be in
difficulties. According to the accounts received, how- I
ever, one firm is pretty well ascertained to be
embarrassed. Much greater interest than usual
attaches now to the Manchester market, because
of its possible derangement by failures ex-
pected in the United States. A Manchester firm,
in their " Circular " for last month, states that " The
depression which recently prevailed in the Manchester
market has bad a correspondent effect on the business
done in the raw staple. Although the sales have been
rather under an average amount, yet the rates have ex-
perienced little fluctuation, owing to the comparatively
small stocks held at the ports, as well as to the advices
received from the United States, which represent the
growing crop as not likely to yield more than two mil-
lions of bales. As the recent advices taken out may
tend to prevent further shipments of grain, a decline in
freights, and a tighter money market, may lead to the
export of some of the stocks of cotton, which have been
accumulating ; but it seems unlikely that arrivals in
this country will be sufficiently considerable to influence
prices for some months to come.
" Within the past week a movement has been got up
by the operative classes employed in our mills, with the
view of inducing manufacturers to simultaneously close
their mills for a month or six weeks, during the autumn,
in preference to reduced wages or half time during the
winter months. It appears probable that the suggestion
may be acted upon, in which case stooks of goods will
be eagerly sought, and the cutting off one-twelfth
the annual consumption must have its effect on cotton."
We regretlto notice in nearly every recent Gazette a list
of bankrupts among the middling class of traders, which
tells an unmistakeable tale of suffering and loss. Five-
and-twenty persons, in very varied occupations, are thus
unfortunately chronicled in last night's publication; and
we greatly fear that the pressure experienced some
months since from Peel's Currency Bill, and manfully
withstood by many, will begin to tell now more than
ever. Dear money and dull trade must bring down
the steady as well as the speculative man,
and at present cash is by no means easy, or proportion-
able in value to the range of profits. It is consolatory
that even the Government income is maintained, but
we should be glad that it were so from the briskness of
our foreign commerce, as much as from the stimulus
imparted to consumption by the active employment
afforded on new railway works.
The Stock Market has been rather flat this morning,
and sales for money continue to be pressed. Consols
are 87k i for transfer, and 871 for October. Parties
who have cbtained loans upon stock are preparing in
time, probably to meet the repayment ere the close of
the month. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents.
have been 891 Bank Stock is worth 1951 to 1971,
and India Stock has ranged from 239 to 241. Exche-
quer-bills are rather firm at ss. to 7s. premium.
The Foreign Market looks heavier. Spanish Five per
Cents., however, keep up nominally at 194 to 20, and the
Three per Cents. at 294. Mexican Bonds have declined
to 191 t. Brazil Stock is worth 85. Dutch Two-and-
a-lialt per Cents. have been 55i.
Railway Shares are lower, and there is more inclina-
tion to press sales.

ONE
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK

CLOSING
PRICES.

Bank Stock 195% 197 195% 197
3 per Cent. Reduced Anus 87% % 873/4
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities.- 87 1/8N3141% 87
New 314 per Cent. Annuities 89% IA 894
Long Annuities to expire Jan.lB6o 9 iii, 1-16 9 1-16
Ditto, Oct. 10, 1859
Ditto 30 years, Jan. 5, 1860.... 83/4 834
India Stock 241 239 240 240
South Sea Stock

Ditto Old Annuities
3 per Cent. Annuities,l7sl 85%
Consols for Account 87%5/83/4,
Exchequer Bills. 2d.
_ _

1,0001.
5001. 8 5p 9p
Small
ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK PRICES
Brazilian Bonds
Danish Bonds, 1825, 3 per Cent 84% 84%
Dutch, 2% per Cent., 12 Guild 56 56
Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1846 195/4% 19%
Ditto, Account
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
Ditto, Account l9l 19q
Ditto, 3 per Cent 29% 80
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch 214 per Cent.
Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certificates 89 '4

PRICES OF BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RAILWAY SILIRES PAID' AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Aberdeen

Amber., Nott., Boston,
and Eastern Junction 2%...... 1
Ayrshire and Galloway.. 2% —
Belfast & County Down 10
Birmingham and Ox-
ford Junction
Birmingham, Wolver-
hampton, and Dudley 10 ...
Birming.,Wolverh'pton,
and Stour Valley... .. 8
Birkenbead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire June.... 61,4 —
Boston, Stamfd, & Birm. 5
Bristol and Exeter 75
Ditto, Thirds
Buckinghamshire Bl. 4s —
Caledonian
Ditto, Half Shares 21,4" —
Ditto, Clydesdale June 40
Chester and Holyhead... 321/.'2 —
Cheltenham and Oxford 2

Clarence
-
Do. Ist Class, 6 per Ct. 10
Do. 2d Class, 5 per Ct. 10
Do. Government Loan,
4 per Cent.
Cornwall
Ditto, Half Shares
Dublin and BelfastJunc. 20
Dundalk & Enniskillen 12'/
East Anglia, 25/., L. &
E. and L. and D. ...... 25
Do., 18/., E. & 1L... 18
Do 3/.105., E. &H. 1

Eastern Counties 2O .... . 181,E 18 ...
Ditto, Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, No. 1....... 61.135. 4d...
Ditto ditto, No. 2... 61. 13s. 4d... s p
Do., York Extension.. 10 ...... 9 Ais
Do., North. & Eastern 50
Do., Quarters
Do., New
Eastern Union
Ditto, Quarter Shares 121/2
Ditto, Thirds ........13s. 4d —
East Lancashire
Ditto. New
Do., do., Exten. Scrip 11/i
East Lincolnshire
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 ...... .........
Ditto Half Shares 15
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12%
Edinburgh & Northern.. 20
Ditto, New
Ditto, Newport 7 ......
Ditto, ditto, New . 11/2
Edinburgh and Perth... 2
Ditto, Extension ..... 10s.
Exeter, Yeovil, & Dorch. 2%
Ditto, New . — GOO
Glasgow, Dumfries, and

Carlisle ... 8/. 6s. 8d —
Glasgow, liihnar.,& Ayr 50 ... ..
Ditto New
Do., 1/1 Shares (5 per
cent. guar.)
Great Nortkern 6
Do., London and York 21/2.. ... 1 ......
Great South. and West.
(Ireland)
Great North of England..loo 229
Ditto, New 40/ 5
Ditto, New 30/ 3O
Ditto, New 15/ ll/2
Great Western B5 lO5 107 lO7
Ditto, 1/2 Shares 5O -
Ditto, !,,,i Shares
Ditto, Fifths 2O
Ditto, New 171
Huddersfield & blanches. 19
Ditto, Thirds
Hull and Selby 5O .....101 10]
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, 1,.i Shares.. l2l/2
Ipswich & Bury St. Edit. 15
Do., do., and Norwich 12
Do., do., Extens. Scrip
(late Canab. & Ely) 21/2 3%14
Lancaster and Carlisle... 50
Ditto, Thirds
Lancashire & Yorkshire 82
Ditto 1/2 Shares . ... 38
Do. Quarter Shares... 141/2 .
Do. Fifths 6l/2— .
Do. Sixteenths 6%
Do. Thirds (Reg.). 71.48. l7‘, dis l% dis
Do. Liverp. and Bury 34 -7 --
Ditto 1/2 (late llud-
dersfield and Sheff.) 28
Do.(Wakelield,Ponte-
fract. & Goole
Do. (W. Itidinglinion)4/. '2B % dis % dis.
Do. (Preston & Wyre) 25
Do. 1% Shares (A) 9
—•
Ditto ditto (B) ... 11%
Leeds and Bradford
Leicester and Bedford... 16s. - ••
Leeds, Dewsbury, &c.... 3211/2
............
Do., Branch 1/2 Shares 71/2.. —
......... ""
DoNew Branch( blue) 21/2 _ '•• "'
Do. Extension (green) 21/2 ...
Do.Newlixten. (pink) 21/0 ....
Leeds and Thirsk
Ditto, New
Do,, Prefer., 6 per Ct. 3% 2 ._ ..... ....1/2
Liverpool, Crosby, and
Southport .... .......... 2
Liverp., blnclistr& New-

castle Juncti0n.......,, 2t,4,,,
London and Blackwall. 161.135. 4d. 534._ .....
Do. New, No. 1
... .....
Do. New, No. 2 3l. l3s. 4d.
Do. Extension I2IA -