The Sun.
London, England, 1847-04-19 00:00:00

STATE OF TRADE.

-
FOREIGN WOOL, LEEDS, APRIL 16.—We have no vs-
riation to rt.port in the foreign wool trade from our last.
The accounts from Austria and Prussia continue to ad-
vise of large contracts being made for English and con-
tinental houses, at an advance of 2d. to 3d. per lb. on last
fair's prices. The Netherland manufacturers, and French
and Saxon cowbers have almost entirely cleared the
German markets of useful wools.
ENGLISH WOOL, LEEDS, APRIL 16.—The demand for
combing and clothing wool this week has not varied; it
continues languid, and prices without any material al-
teration. Down combing wools are not plentiful, and
go off more freely than the deeper grown kinds.
WAKEFIELD WOOL MARKET, APRIL ls.—We are still
without alteration in our trade; no doubt the late strin-
gent measures of the Bank of England have caused us
to have less doing than otherwise we might have had.
Wethers are fiat, and the stocks of them at market be•
ing large, prices are barely maintained. In hogs, though
we have not a large demand, it is quite equal to the
supply, and stocks are decreasing. so that it our supple
does not increase, which is not likely. before clip, the
price of them must imnrove a little, tat the censumptioe
be dr.ven on wethers; the latter is more likely, as we
believe the *pullers are carrying on en wireinueerative
business.
LEEDS.—We have had very quiet markets at the
Cloth Halls on Saturday and Tuesday. Tbero . was
rather more dime in fine goods. but .n low qualities there
was considerably less sold tl m for smile weeks past.
The advance ot the rate of dtscount by the Bark of Eog
;and has the effeet of stopping speculation, and induces
great caution on the part of the merchants. The cold
fleas ot the seeson causes the spring trade to be dull, and
few buyers having made their appearaice in the town,
the business in the warehouses has been less than au
average as compared av, th the sales of the last few weeks.
BRADFORD. APRIL 15.—The demand for wool is slug-
gish. The spinners buy with great caution and for pre-
sent use, as ta,ey expect that, when :hit new clip comes
into the market, the article will be at an easier tit ice.
There is a eteady improvement in the yarn market, so
tar as dotnand is concerned but prices are still on an un-
profitable scale. The Russian houses are busy, a: ,d ate
expnrting large quantities of yarn In ..he pieite rnarset
'sere was an aver.ge bus'ness done in dress goods.
Ms.reens and ,tiier heavy goods are dull of sale.
MANCHESTER, THURSDAY.—We have had as gloomy
a week in our cloth and yarn markets as can wed be
conceived. In the face of a continued ads ance en the
staple, no higher rates are submitted to. The impossi -
Witty of di,counting India bills added greatly to toe dull
'less, otherwise a large hte.iness would be done to the
East. The orders from America are conshkrablo.

IMPROVEMENT in LOCOMOTION.
An invention has ju.:t been projected by Mr. E. Gallo-
way, which promises to supply a n3ost serious deside-
ratum in the present construction of locomotive engines,
and to exercise a very important influence on the pro-
gress of locomotion generally. It has long been ac-
kiniw
thel,alg ai yerdtlwhaat one of the greatest difficulties with
which
steam-engine had to contend was that
of acquiring
a bite upon the rails superior to that
supplied by gravitation. The am cunt of nipping or
biting power derived from that principle by the vertieal
calving-wheel now in use has been found quite insuffi-
cient in foggy weather, when the rails are in a greasy
state from the moisture upon them, and upon inclines
with severe gradients. Under such circumstances the
driving-wheel slips and the engine makes little or no
progress. :tit.. G.Aloway's invention is principally in-
tended to overcome this difficulty in working the present
comotive engine, and from the experiments made the
other day, first with a working model at the western
gallery of Hangerford-market, and afterwards on the
Great Western Railway, at Maidenhead, there appears
to be very little doubt as to its complete success. The
invention consists in adding two drivng-wheels, hori-
zontal or inclined, to the present locomotive; these
wheels acting on each side of a middle rail laid between
the ordinary rails, and being pleased simultaneously
against the opposite sides of the rail by means of ad-
justing screws acting upon springs with any required
degree of force. By such an ariangertient it is manifest
that a bite or adhesion may ba obtained far beyond
what is due to the weight of the engine, and that
thereby the difficulties may be obviated which at pre-
sent arise from greasy rail. and heavy gradients. Mr.
Galloway contemplates the application of his inventton
to engines as at present cenbtructed with vertical
driving•wheels, and expresses his conviction that such
combination will not lie found incetisi-tent with high
velocity. Ili the meantime, however, he has, we think,
prudently coillitied himself to demonstrieing the
Ftfi
c•ency of the horizontal driving-whe, ls, unaided by
vertical driving-wheels, in overcoming steep inclines.
At Hungerford-tuarket, the working model with hori,
zoiital driving-wheels went with great ease up an in-
cline of 1 in 6, and the following ,tatement, drawn up
by Mr. Gooch, locomotive superintendent of the Great.
Western Railway, with reference to experiments made
on a previous dry, apply equally to the results of those
made at Maidenhead:—
" The following is the result of the experiment I made
with Mr. Galloway's locomotive engine, in which the
driving wheels are placed horizontally, and act again ,t
the sides of a centre rail:—
Weight of engines
Ditto of load

33i
" Tnis weight was taken at a 4.)w lip an in
cline 1 111 19, witn a pro,,LICO Oit boil-r 6thi.
the hien. titti calculating the rner of the engirt,
and actual duty pertorrae I, NV,` h ore W. f.!
,ream ni the Kotler, tit', Avorage t•tt •clive pres.

nine in they aftor ii,ducting back ii,eNsure.
be about 501 b. the inch, Caen the Area of the to•

i.lind,rs 308 >1 50=15,1011ib, and double stroly, I)
}Aston ..qua 32 inches, and eireander, nee of driving
wheel 116 inches. Th, rehire, as 116 inenes : 15,400

32 : 4.248 tractive p..er ootiteriro of the wtie.:l. A

arkvlty rr ton 1 in 19=-11816. Friction ditto 710.
125 ;433 5 twis=--4,18711,. ance ov reome.
" Therefore, 4,245--4,187=6116, the total loss from
he Iriciion of the w• ,rking parts of the riigiike, which 1
think is as smad a loss as can be hoped for in any cla„
of engines. And from the of appl:,ing screw,
increa:e the weight on the driving-wheels to any re•
quire.' amount, theme is no intfiitulty from slipping.
" DANIEL VOUCH.

" In explanation of the preceding, ILI, necessary to state
that the tormer diameter of the driving-wheeis of the
experimental engine was eight feet, and the horizantal
ones are three feet. The tractive Riwer of the engine
before alteration was about 1,60010. The itwrease of
tractive force, therefore, is as 4,1.871 b. : 1,6001 b."
It is also only fair to explain tint the experiment was
mada with " Bacchus," the oldest engiiie iii the coat-
pany's possession. arid long ago worn ou' and disused.
The leadidg, ativalitages claimed by Mr. Galloway tor
his invention are, that the adhesive power being inde-
pendent Of grAvity can be a justed accoreling to the gra.
dient or load. ..4 hale the train is in mothin ; tleat by ap-
plying- a brake at once to the middle rail, the train in
deseending any gradient may be retarded independently
of the wheels. and also the risk of c..ilisiotis lie avoid.-a
that sharp curves may be traversed almost as easily and
quite as sat*: ly as straight line, ; that punctuality on
railways will thereby he better stkcured, and The neces-
sity for tunnelling. heavy cuttings, and embankmenta tt.
a great deg'-ee e,bviated.
Whether all or any of the -.e advanlaees will be se•
cured try Mr nallowav's invent: U. it mint ',Amite. for
a course of detailed praeticut exp rim,,nts to decije;
butt in the meantime the cre-dtt of a very ingenious, a
very simple. and, to all appearances, it very practicanh
e,intrivatice, cannot be denied tin him, The difficulties
which he claims to have overetriie h eve. for any ye,i,r,
°coupled the 7irentian and eluded the ingoluity of ,n-
-gin e,s. S ime ti ma ago the notion of a i,titre rail :,tai
a horizontal dial/jug-wheel was projected by Nlt. Vq4-
tiolles ant Mr. Errixon, bn, as they oily terouneet ep-
plying it t,ri the ..ne side of the rail, they were wn.,,tiii-
cessful. Mechanical contrivances of a similar character
have sine., ',peen iittetnyed troth in Vits e,,untry an I
abroad, out •he) havei always turned out to he tailni.e.i.,
and if Mr. Galloway's invention earn be tiori,bincil with
the pre,4,ent. consti uct ion of the locomotise. ~,i as to fulfil
his ear= ctations in recard to'it, the only wonder will be
how for 'vv.:lv%, of 16 years so ready simple an expe-
dient for oliviatine: admitted difficulties Ctitild have es-
caped utali,,covered. - Mr. Galloway states, that he can
secure on the narrow gang", horizontal or inclined,
driving wheels of six feet diameter, and on the broad
gauge eigh: feet, so us ti act in conjunction with the ver-
tick drivic,r, a heel:. lle state, too, that this is practi-
catila a: i. vefry moderate expense.

ARRIVAL OF MADLLE. JENT.,Y LIND —This cele
grays{ iniigstit.,s arrived in Saturday aliernom
accoinp:iiik,t t'ltle came by he General
Ste,:to Company's steam-::hip Sir Edward Banks,
that left Ostend in the morning. In the evening she was
present at the performance of the opera at her Majesty's
Theatre, and occupied a box on the first tier. The Swedish
nightingale is a lady of kindly countenance, fair hair, and
fresh complexion ; her eves are soft and mild, and the ex-
pression of her five is intelligent and ingenuous. The Italians
have a phrase. eai,'n sciolto, to indicate the combination m in-
tellect and truthfulness which i 4 maoifested in her features;
and the Gmnans generally term it fre4adhelt. Neither
words hay.. a literal meaning ie English, as applied inhuman
expression; but ability and candour are their synonyms in
our tongue. Jenny Lind is of the middle -height, well
firmed, and of some seven or eitzlit
der
years of age—
as far as appearances can beercdited der aspect is pleating;
her most prominent character seems to ha mode-ty. In her
deportment she has the air anti bearing of a pertect Lady;
that, is to say, she is calm, quiet, and perfectly to,lf-pesiessed
in manner and address, with that "most excellent thing hi
woman"—a voice soft, low, and sweet. It is behaved that
she will make her debut in about a fortnight.
RAILWAY IN AUSTRALIA.--The woolen railway
at Port Arthur is thus descrined in the f :Molly Adver-
tiser :—" This railway, or rather tramway. is termed
from the hard wood of the country, and passes over a
spice 0;f five miles, thereby affording a rapid and easy
-means of transit between the heads a Norolk and Long
Bays, the latter of which leads directly to lion Arthur.
this traur.vay, the projection of Capt. Booth, has proved
to bus work of ;he utmost utility'; shortening the distance
betwixt Hobart Town and P,,rt Arthur, and ensuring
a rapid and certain communication at times when the
long sea-passage might be impracticabhe Lilt,i many
men of • superior intellect, it was the fortune of
Captain Booth to encounter the sneer of the common
herd, who, in their narrowmindedness, predicted-nought
but failure to his enterprise. Nothing daunted, and
possessing the confidence of the Gnv'rnor, Captain
BoothJoileri on till they that came to, jeer went back to
- admire. No horse, no ox, no fixed or Licomotive engine
' traverses its course, or assists in the work of convex arise;
the waggons are propelled by
gencjally allotted to do the worfkek'oifise—aethhrweaeu.g7ntwbehiinegh
is capshle of conveying
half a ton of goods at each Lean
sit. Upon emergency, the same
.three journeys end back, thirty miles g slay, have
made
their
thus Ilea toe per man either way. 41 "aveYieg