The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-09 00:00:00

THE lONIAN ISLANDS.

A Correspondent informs us that the fami-
lies of Aletaxa Anzolato and Cesare, who distin-
guished themselves two centuries back in fa-
vour of the Venetian Government, were re-
warded by that Government with the title of
Count, and with many privileges. At the time
the Russians, and again when the French held
possession of these islands, this fain ly proved
themselves good patriots on all occasions. During
the revolt in Greece in the year 1821, part of
their property was confiscated by the lonian Go-
vernment, in consequence of some of the family
having raised men and furnished ammunition to
aid the revolt, but the lonian Parliament has
lately reversed the sentence as regards the title,
and passed the following decree :--
UNITED STATES OF THE lONIAN ISLANDS.
P. PLTRIZZOPULO.
On the part of his Highness the President and the most
Excellent the Senators of the United States of the
lonian Islands.

Having read the petition of the Noble Signor Giorgio
Mctaxa Anzolato for himself, brott ers and cousins, from
the Island of Cephalonia, dated Ist February inst., with
which he submits the documents whereon he founds his
claim to the title of " Count."

Having seen the original decree, in virtue of which, from
the year 1691, the family of the said Counts Metaxa has
beer. invested and decorated, in perpetuum, by the Venetian
Government with the title of " Count,"

Considering that the said gentlemen and their families
have a just right to that title:
With due attention to what is established by the Reso-
lution dated 3d June, 1840 :_

The Senate

Decrees,
The Noble Signori D.r Giorgio Battista, D.r Anasta-
sio and Niccolino Metaxa, sous of Spiridione Anzolato,
and the Noble Signori D.r Cay. Marino Giovanni, D.r
Rocco, and D.r Costantino Metaxa, sons of Niccolo An-
zolato, of Cephalonia, are authorised to continue styling
themselves " Counts."

Such title may also be assumed by the legitimate des-
cendants of the said Counts Metaxa, in perpetuum, agree-
ably to the decree that confers it upon them.
Given from the Palace of St. Michael and St. George.
Corfu, Feb. 10, 1841,
By order of the Senate,
T. J. GISBORNE,
Sec. to the Senate for the Gen. Dep.

BANKRUPTCYCOURT.-TIURSDAY,

(Before Mr. Commissioner FANE. )
OFFICIAL ASSIGNEES.—The disappearance of Mr. Ab-
bott continues to keep alive (if possible) a greater degree
of excitement in all the Courts here than obtained upon its
first announcement to the public. It was well understood,
for some days past, that all the other official assignees were
preparing a memorial to the Lord Chancellor, pra%ing his
Lordship to institute the most stringent inquiry into the
state of the whole of their cash balances, from the period
of their respective appointments to the present hour—a
proceediag which is equally creditable to their judgment
and their sense of honesty and honour. It had been ru-
moured that Mr. Abbott had not given the securities re-
quired by the Act of Parliament upon his appointment,
and that, tao or three years before it took place, he had
been in insolvent circumstances; but, upon inquiry at the
office of the Chief Registrar, we found that the former part
of the rumour was untrue.

In the course of this morning a communication was re-
ceived, by the different official assignees, from the Lord
Chancellor, requiring them to furnish an account of the
names of their respective securities, their calling, and place
of abode. A meeting of Mr. Abbott's creditors has been
convened for an early day.

In reply to a letter, which appears in our co-
lumns of yesterday, signed " Churchman," a member of
the University writes that such an association does exist,
and that Messrs. Kahle, Pusey, Hook, Newman, and Pal-
mer, are members of its Committee of Management. The
Bishop of Calcutta's name appears merely as that of a
subscriber. The Oxford rumour respecting Mr. Mait-
land, we gave as we received it.--Morning Chronicle.
The Earl of Darlington, IVI.P , and the Hon.
R. H. Clive, M. P., have respectively given the liberal
sum of 251. towards defraying the expenses of the building
of a new church at Middleton, Chirbury, Salop.
We understand that a brother of the poet Cow-
per, just deceased, has bequeathed the sum of 2,000/., the
interest of which is to be applied to the purpose of coun-
teracting the influence of Romish seminaries in this
country.—Brighton Gazette.

EMIGRATION TO AMERICA.-Thursday after-
noon the New York packet ship Quebec, one of the
regular liners, left the St. Katharine's Dock with 230
steerage passengers on board, the largest number of emi-
grants which has yet left the port of London in any sirgle
vessel during the present year. The passengers consist
principally of little farmers and agriculturists, with their
wives and families, from the counties near the metropolis.
A great number arc from Sussex, many from Kent, and a
few from Surrey and Essex. This fine ship also takes out
30 cabin passengers, a much greater number than usual.
It appears that thie uncertainty respecting the fate of the
President has induced many respectable merchants, per-
sons of wealth, and others, to prefer the " liners," and
during the last month the New York ships from London
and Liverpool have taken out as many cabin passengers as
before the introduction of steam navigation across the
Atlantic.

INTERFERENCE WITH THE MAILS.—Ott
Tuesday last, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in reply
to a question by Mr. flume, stated that Government had
entered into an arrangement whereby the mails would be
carried on six days of the week by railway, and by coach on
Sunday. This is obviously a concession to the preposte-
rous demands of the Agnew Sabbatarians, and is as discre-
ditable to Mr. Baring as the tampering with the Non- In-
trusionists is to his colleague the Lord Adv;ocate.—Aber-
deen licrced.—The following explanation of this business
has been handed to us. By the Railway Act recently
passed, the Postmaster-General has power to compel
the Directors of any railway to carry the mail, but
there is nothing said as to the charge which the
Company are entitled to make. The Directors of the
Scotch railways have shown themselves willing to carry
the mail on week days at a moderate expense, looking to
the fares of passengers for their chief remuneration ; but on
Sundays they decline to carry passengers—and they say
to the Postmaster-General, if we are to run a mail train on
Sunday, you must pay the whole expense, for we shall
carry no passengers. In these circumstances the Post-
master-General has done what any other man would do—
he has declined to pay the whole expense of a mail train,
preferring on that day the ordinary coach conveyance to
the fir dearer, though quicker, mode of transmission by
railways. Scotsman.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—The degree in which
the colonies produce the staple articles of our home re.o,.
nufactures is always a matter of interesting inquiry. In
this view attention may be usefully directed to private
letters recently received from Graham's Town, Cape of
Good Hope; by which it appears that the sheep farmers
of the eastern province of the Cape, 600 miles from
Cape Toe n, are making great progress both in the num-
ber of their flocks, and in the quality of their wool,
though they have been much perplexed as to what kind
they ought to produce, in consequence of the London mar-
kets showing a great predilection in favour of common
wools. The forward flocks are for the most part Saxon, but
many of these are being crossed with the Leicester breed,
which, although it seems likely to cause a decline in the
qua!ity of the wool, is not regarded as a proceeding
likely to be altogether unprofitable. A rapid increase of
population appears to be going on in this colony; it is
absurd to hear of the quantity of emigrants prcgreising,
to South Australia, when they can obtain better land at
the Cape, and that for a fifth part of the money. This
lowness of price they do not abscribe to any defects in
the farms that might be purchased, but simply to the
want of capitals, and the many uses to which a sum which
would bete be considered moderate may be applied. Gra-
hattown has risen to the position of a town with 6,900
inhabitants, entirely from their own activity and enter-
prise ; that they have themselves made what capital there
is , and that they have scarcely imported anything, while
South Australia owes nearly all to this source. .1-% t
Indian Telegraph.
EMIGRATION. The emigration season has
arrived ; but compared with the numbers that flocked in
from all directions to the places of shipment last year,
The
ship one-tenth of them have yet applied fur passage.
ship agents attribute the fact to the unsettled state of
affairs between England and the States, having, early in
the year, by agents, ascertained that the demand fur
vessels in the spring would be equal to that of any of the
preceding seasons. Not one of the numerous emigrant
ships chartered for America has yet gone out of harbour.
the Pallas, for New
Three of them, we understand, cleared out of the Custom
York,llouse I,,sa,hsticehvetnaiknegs, No•;Zu.t, thei7s Governor
passengers;Douglas,
for
St. John's, New Brunswick, with 158 passengers ; and the
Albion, for the same port, with about a similar number.
The emigrants are principally decent farmers and their
families, with whom are a number of fine able-bodied la-
bourers.—Cork Reporter.
HOP INTELLIGENCE,—.Th
e lops are gene-
rally looking well where they are got above the surface.
The stock is stated as having a very healthy and strong ap-
pearance, and the flea has not done any harm at present.
—Maidstone Gazette.

C II A IkIPA GN E.—About 4,700,000 English gal-
lons of genuh e champagne can ho grown in France in the
course of the year, but mere than ten time,that quantity.
annually manufactured and acid as such,

P314:7,1
it AN
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EVEN lNGr,_kv,Pl7lll:o

LITER' ligitA4

THE FL UC TUATI ON S OF TRADE; or, the
Secret ofFereseeing when Prices are going to Rise or
Fall, with an Exposition of the Power and Workings of
the Bank of England in reference to those important
suMects. By H. J. WRIGET, Esq.
If this pamphlet completely answered its title
page it would be invaluable. The faculty of fore-
seeing when prices are going to rise or fall, if
possessed by a few, would bo to them a mine of
wealth. Mr. Wright is of the same opinion, and
he discreetly recommends his readers not to
use the knowledge he conveys to them with the
hope of making inordinate gains, but rather as a
means of protecting themselves. He discourages
avarice, while he instructs the world how to grow
rich. But we are bound to say that Mr. -Wright's
lore is of a very limited nature, applied mainly to
the effect on prices of changes in the quan-
tity of the currency, and, in particular, to
changes in the currency of the Bank of England.
To such causes of a rise or fall in prices, or a
scanty or abundant harvest, a new invention or a
new market, Mr. Wright does not advert. Of
course there is nothing novel in his teaching that
the contuction and expansion of the currency will
cause a fall or a rise in price, and the only secret
worth knowing is when that expansion or con-
traction is about to take place. We will infbrm
Mr. Wright and the public of a short way to get
at this great secret. Let him obtain a seat in the
Bank Parlour, let him if possible become Go-
vernor or Deputy-Governor, and he will learn
more speedily than by a thousand indications
when the currency is going to be expanded or con-
tracted, and lie might buy or sell accordingly.
Here, however, are some of the indications, which
are probably made known to the public when the
Governor, Deputy-Governor, and Directors have
made their bargains :
When the Bank of England increases its issuer, it em.
ploys some or all of the following means for that purposes
it lowers the rate of interest, discounts merchants' bills of
exchange more freely, accommodates the public with loans
of larger sums of money on the deposit of Exchequer-bills
and India bonds, and buys Exchequer-bills, stock, and other
securities. The London and country bankers speedily fal-
low its example. The bill.broker, in like manner, be-
comes, more liLeral, and the merchant, in his turn, gives
more extensive, if not longer, credit ; a spirit of core mer-
cial confidence is thus diffused, the faciliies of obtaining
money are increased, private bills of exchange get into
more general circulation, more checks arc drawn, rand
prices advance. When the Bank of England pursues an
opposite course, the withdrawal of a portion of its notes
creates a partial void in the London circulation • the
country banker's paper flows up to the metropolis to
supply its place, where it is presented to the London
agent for payment; the country banker's balance de-
creases in his agents' hands, and he is called on to supply
additional funds, or receives a hint to curtail his issues.
This reduction of its paper by the Bank of England is
usually accompanied by a contraction of its discounts and
a raising of the rate of interest : the same thing is
done by the bill-brokers and London and country
bankers : fewer bills of exchange are now discounted, and
those at a higher rate of interest ; the inferior descriptions
are rejected ; no overdrawing of accounts is permitted ;
money becomes scarce ; goods are forced into the market
to enable the holders of them to meet their engagements ;
bankruptcies ensue; confidence is shaken; trade is at a
stand-still, and that which before had been considered as
legitimate trading, is now stigmatized by the appellations
of " uvertrading" and "excessive speculation."

After an attentive perusal of Mr. Wright's
pamphlet, we have not learnt from it the art of
foreseeing when prices are to rise or to fall, but
our mercantile readers may find out a secret that
is hidden from our uninercantile eyes. Mr.
Wright, like all other persons who have investi-
;ated the matter, does not approve of the con-
duct of the Bank, as he tells us that the quantity
of paper put into circulation is more likely-to
decrease than increase. That is bad neyfel,
if true, for Bank Stock holders, whose gains
arise, in a great measure, from borrowing's
sum from the public at no interest which they
lend to individuals at a high rate of interest. On
their promises to pay on demand, they borrow
sixteen or eighteen millions sterling from the
public, for which they do nct pay a farthing. in-
terest. It may even be supposed that the public,
by destroying the promises of the Bank, and so
releasing the Bank of its obligation, almost pay
all the expenses of lending their money to the
Bank. By that means the Bank gets rich, and
the greater the sum it can borrow by issuing
its notes, and the higher the interest it
charges to the individuals who borrow its credit,
the greater will be its annual gains. By what
right the Legislature confers on the few hundred
or thousand gentlemen and ladies who own Bank
Stock the exclusive privilege of borrowing with-
out paying any interest, we know not. It is one
of those inscrutable mysteries of legislative au-
thority which we are bound to believe, like all
its other decrees, benefits the public, while it
enriches the Bank Proprietors.

±:VI4JN IN G EDITION

SECOND E

SUN OFFICE, Seven o'clock.

NEWS FROM CHINA

AND

THE EAST.

(ADDITIONAL PA.RTICULARS)

LAHORE.

" The news from Lahore, which we extract from the Agra
Ukhbar is of the highest importance, as it is highly probable
that the British Army will be soon called on to interfere. It
appears that Shere Singh having induced the troops outside the
city of Lahore to join his standard, commenced an attack
with ,a determination to remove the Ranee Chund Kooar,
mother of No Nehal Singh, from the throne. The city gates
were suddenly ordered to be closed on the evening of the 14th
of January; guns were planted at them, and no persons were
allowed to approach the walls from the outside. On the 15th
no' hing was decided, but during the night some of Shere
Sin Ali's partisans having entered one of the gates, that chief
succee;ed in establishing himself in the city, where he held a

durhar.
The fort still held out for the Ranee and continued to fire
upon the adherents of Shere Single.
The contest, which it was at first thought would speedily ter-
minate in fivour of the assailant, was continued up to the date
of the latest intelligence. Orders had been issued to several
British regiments:to prepare for n arching, as it was expected,
towards the capital of Punjaub.
The following extracts contain the details :
( From the Agra Ukhbar, of Jan. 28.)
" Our predictions regarding the course of events in the Pun-
jaub are on the eve of being verified, and the first gun of the
inevitable collision that must occur has been fired. A Corre,
spondent gives us the particulars as follows :
" Camp, Lahore, Jan. 18.
"`I hasten to inform you that a company, with one of our
Commi.sariat officers returning to the provinces from Affgha-
nistan, arrived at this place on the 14th instant, since which
period affairs here have taken a warlike appearance,
and of which, for the information of the public, I will
sdcavour to give you as exact a detail as . lies in my
power. On the evening of the 14th, on a-sudden, all the
gates of the city were ordered to be closed, and guns were
planted at every gate with a party of men. each of the gates
being made over to a Coomeedan, with express orders not
to allow any person around into the city. During this
time a centinual fire was kept up in the cantonments, which
we learned from the different brigades which joined Shere
Singh, who just before arrived from a place called Buttalah,
and on whose account the gates of the city had been closed
by order of the Ranee Chund Kooar, mother of the deceased
No Nehal Singh. The firing from the heavy guns was kept
up until 8 or 9 P.M., and yesterday we learned that the
quarter part of the force (Seikh) had joined Shere Singh.
The Ranee, however. was at this time sale in the Palace with,
as report says, about 10,000 men, whom some persons, called
the Swine walleas, had_ collected together, and they were
bent upon making every resistance should Shere Singh
have attempted to force a passage into the city. Yesterday
aff sirs remained in this state ; now and then a stray gun was
fired from both parties, and Vakeels were in the mean time
passing between them. The Ranee, however, remained irre-
solute, and would not surrender the throne to Shere Singh.
However, this morning affairs have taken a serious turn,
it apvears last night that at one of the gates they let in some
of the force that were on the side of Shere Singh, and the
inside party finding so this morning, thought resistance use-
les., and Er o,t of them gave in. Shere Singh canoe as far as a
garden a hel Iluzooreehaug, and, on attempting to enter, re-
ceived a fire frem the fort. This was immediately answered,
and the parties were engaged a good couple of hours. At eight,
or half-past eight, a heavy fire of cannon wee kept up for a go, d
half hour, since which all has again become quiet. Rumours
a y now that a favourite Jemad.ir chief (Khooieal Singh) of
Itutijeet, poisoned him'elf, end a few other lives have been lost;
tl e e.ctent has not yet been ascertained, but should I have
anything further give it you in detail. This you may
re'y upon as correct. Shere Singh may by this evening or
to-morrow morning he placed upon the throne, when all will
be quiet again.
" P.S.----At this late hour, 2P. 32. no adjustment has been
made, and guns are still firing from the fort upon Shere Singh,
who is in the city holding durtar.' "
" Since writing the above we have received confirmation of
the ma in facts therein related, and civil war is now raging in
the Punjaub • this account differs from the preceding in some
points, but the important fact of the crisis having occurred is
established

" At;Laltere the contest:for power has brought on hostilities ;
Shere Singh having won over:the troops and artillery outside,
and being joined by Generals Ventura and Court and a few
Sirdars, attacked the fort on the 15th and 16th, and succeeded
in d slaeing the :Ranee. On this occasion John Com-
pany', advice and aid will be required, and it is conjectured
that John will not be fastidious (his necessi.ies being urgent)
on the que'stions of might and right. Meanwhile the 3d Dra-
g. ons, Ist and 9th Cavalry, and 3d Buffs, were yesterday or-
de re 1 to entertain their marching establishments."
Lob era of the 19th from Ferozepore state, that a report,
similar to that which we mentioned above, of the dethrone-
ment cf the self-elected Queen of the Punjaub, had just
re. ewe' that station. All were of course on the qui vine ;
a 1 entertaining sanguine (we had almost said sanguinary)
holes, of early employment in the direction of Lahore and
Umritsur. ghel arrival of Major-General Elphinstone at
Fe ozepore is announced as having taken place on the 19th
ii s'., under a salute of 13 guns.
" Two days ago Koonwur where Singh arrived at Lahore at
twelve o'dock at midnight cf the 15th instant, surrounded
the Royal Mu nu.l,:and ultimately establislied,A footing in i'.s
vir inity,•and at five next morninz they raised the standard of
Raj Koonwur, entered the city by the northern gate, and with
the a sistanca of the artillet y of Mewa Singh gained the :Uus-
nad. Many of the Sirdars (the Kaee Saba) are within the
fort, and the guns are playing on every side—part of the
fort hay.rig been knocked down. Rajah Goleub Singh, who
defends the fort, has resolved to stand out. to the last extre-
mity. And though Jemadar Khoyal Sing had entered, yet
tip to last accounts he had nut appeared in the presence of
Koonwur Shere Singh. Gens. Court and Ventura, and other ra-
cers, have come in, but the for Chas not yet been reduced. But,
the wri'er says, Koonwur Raj Singh will have entered the fort
by the evening. Within the city all is tranquil."
There is now no hope for the Punjaub ; we susrct
the long expected internal dissensions have commenced,
a in such a State, and with such a reople as the
Stiles, who can say, unless British influence is bend-
c ally used, where they will terminate:? Whether Shere
Singh be ill'gitimate or not, we think will not now be-
come the question of our policy, which must hinge upon
supporting the party most favourable to our interests,
and we suppo'e the Goternment are pretty well aware
by this time of the opinions of both parties as to our
rigl t of a certain degree of control over the Lahr re
Court, or as to their will.ngness to bear it. However, let
matters turn out as they will, and with either party up-
permost, the day for sorer movements, a little in advance to-
wards Affghanistan is not very far off, and we are glad that
so respectable a force is stationed in the vicinity of a Court
_from which we suspect more than one annoying intrigue has
issued.

The Loothanah Ukhbar of the 21st instant, just in, gives no
further particulars; but we hear that more than 500 people
have been shin.—Delhi Gazette, Feb. 27.

SINGAPORE.

The following extract from a private letter dated Singapore,
27th of January, will doubtless prove interesting to our COX-
merci al re !der: : . . .

" The brig William, from China, arrived last evening and
brings accounts of the negotiation with Ke-shen being re-
newed on a favourable footing, the particulars-of which Capt.
Elliot would make known in a few days.
" We have several junks from China in our harbour, and
many more are expected e trly next month. Reports say we
shall import this season 30,1300 to 40,000 boxes of tea of 20
eatties each. This, in addition to the other articles of regular
trade and the junks, must create a considerable demand for
cotton, opium, and British manufactures. Cotton (Bombay)
has been already sold at $3O per bale, and higher prices are
looked for in the months of Alarch, April, and May. Our
opium 14 dull at present, and prices nominal. On the arrival
of the Clipper from Calcutta the market will open; after
which sales will be probably very extensive until the end of
the year.
JANUARY 21.--By the Spanish brig Ramiero, from Ba-
tavia the 18th tilt., we have received advices to that date. The
NerNa left for Singapore on the same day, but has not yet
arrived.

There was nothing doing in piece goods, and not much in
produce. Padang Coffee had been sold at 23f., but some par-
ties held for 24f. per pt. The Alary Dugdale had been char-
tered to load for Rotterdam at 51., and the Superior to load at
Samarang and Sourabaya for the Cape and London at the vane
rate. Tonnage scarce, and rather wanted.—Free Press.