The Sun.
London, England, 1847-09-13 00:00:00

ITALY AND AUSTRI A.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUY.

SIR,—In the leading article of the Times of the Sth
inst., it is mentioned that the treaties have assigned to
Austria the possessions north of the Po, and in one
of the early numbers of last month this river is named
as the boundary of her dominions.
I am desirous to rectify this error, by stating that
neither in virtue of the treaties, nor by hereditary
right, nor by the will of the peo;le, has Austria ever
exercised undisputed sway in Italy. She imposes
her iron sceptre by the open violation of the laws
which have hitherto been the code of nations ; and
by setting aside the hereditary rights of the Princes of
Gonzaga, who reigned eleven hundred years in Lom-
bardy, and seven centuries in Mantua and its depen-
dencies.
On referring to the treaties of the last century you
will find that it was constantly enforced as an incon-
testable right that the Princes of Gonzaga of Guas-
tails (successors to the Duke Gonzaga of Mantua,
who died in 1708,) and the Princes of Gonzaga-
Castiglione and Solferino, should be reinstated in their
possessions.—Vide the Treaties of Utrecht, Radstadt,
Baden and Cambray on this subject.
Art sth of the Preliminaries of Vienna of the 18th
Nov., 1738, specifies that " the Emperor will render
justice to the Duke of Gonzaga of Guastalla on his
rights to the Duchy of Mantua." The Emperor
Charles IV., who made this promise died on the 20th
Oct., 1740, and the extinction of the House of llups-
burgh in his person in the male line was followed by
the war of succession of Austria against his daughter
Muria Teresa ; at which period, amongst the pre-
tenders to the throne of Austria were the Princes of
Gonzaga-Castigliona and the Duke Gonzaga of
Solferino, my great grandfather, both of the same
branch of the house of Gonzaga-Mantua, who also
claimed their rights to the Duchy of Mantua, and
the Principality of Castiglione.—Vide vol. i., p. 273
of . _ _

the " Treaties of Peace of Koch," by Sc

During the minority of my grandfather, his Serene
Highness Prince Philip Louis of Gonzaga-Mantua,
Prince of Castiglione and Duke of Solferino (mar-
ried in London the 11 th April, 1760, to Maria,
daughter of the Duke of Medina Ccali),
Austria took possession of the Duchy of Guas-
talla, and this monstrous usurpation was effected ,
when my grandfather was only six years old, on the
death of the Duke Gonzaga of Guastalla, in 1746.
This open violation of the rights of a minor can only
be equalled by the present occupation of Ferrara by
the Austrians just one hundred years after, and both
are the consequences of the unprincipled ambition of
French monarchs in assuring to their respective
dynasties the throne of Spain.
In 1792 our branch of Castiglione addressed re-
clamations to the Emperor Leopold IL of Austria
(of the House of Lorraine), and this Monarch, struck
with the injustice exercised towards our family, so
nearly allied to him by the rights of blood, was
resolved to restore our possessions, when, by a
sudden death, the realisation of his promises was
prevented.
In 1797, on the 17th October, at the Treaty of
Campo-Formio, Art. 7th, it is written, " The Em-
peror renounces all his rights on the possessions of
Mantua- Castiglione, &c., and the countries forming
the Cisalpine Republic of Italy."
On the 30th July, 1799, Austria again takes pos-
session of Mantua ; and on the 16th of February this
duchy forms again a part of the Cisalpine Republic,
to be again transformed into that of the Republic of
Italy in 1802.
In 1814 the Emperor of Austria took possession of
the above-mentioned territories provisionally, and the
treaties of Vienna, in 1815, having been signed
during our minority, we have protested several times
against the acts prejudicial to our interests which are
therein contained, and particularly against the right
to dispose of the Duchy of Guastalla to the Arch-
duchess Maria Louisa, or to any other person, this
duchy having been purchased, in 1539, by the Duke
Ferrante of Gonzaga, son of our ancestor in direct
line, John Francoi!, Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, and
Isabella d'Este ; and it remained in our family until
the unjust incorporation of Guastalla by Austria,
without the shadow of a right, during the minority
of my grandfather.
The fact of my father, Prince Joseph Louis
Gonzaga- Mantua- Castiglione, having been born in
England, and that circumstance giving me some pri-
vilege to the sympathy of the British nation, and
more particularly to those who support liberal
principles, I shall rely upon your insertion of this
exposition as soon as possible.
Accept, Sir, the assurance of my distinguished con-
sideration.

ALEXANDRE,
Prince de Gonzaga-Mantua, Duc of Mantua.
19, Dorset-place, Dorset-square, Regent's Park,
Sept. 10, 1847.

LATER FROM AMERICA.
LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY.

The packet-ship Yorkshire, Captain Bailey, has
arrived here this morning, bringing papers from New
York of the 16th ult., but one day later than those
received by the last steamer. They contain nothing
of the slightest importance, merely giving details of
the Mexican news previously furnished by electric
telegraph, and which reached this country by the
last West India Mail. About 850 men were at Vera
Cruz, expecting to leave in a few days under General
Wilson, for the army. The deaths at Vera Cruz, of
vomito, from 15th to 31st July, amounted to 35.
Dates from Tampieo to the 30th July have been
received at New Orleans.
General Garey was reported to be within 10 miles
of Tampico, with 3,000 troops, who have with them
14 American prisoners.
Some of the Louisiana volunteers have been detected
selling cartridges to the Mexicans.
A letter in the Picayune, from the capital of Mexico
dated the 29th July, states that the prospects of peace
are about as far off as ever.
Chapman, Democrat, is said to have been elected
Governor of Albama.

L•
LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY.—The royal mail steam-snip
Cumbria, with the mails from Boston and Halifax, may
be expected in the course of the evening.
THE COUNTRYMAN IN LONDON. --- On Saturday
information was received by the police that Mr. Scott,
Devonport, had been plundered of seven 5/. Bank of
England notes, four sovereigns, and a Spanish dou-
bloon, by two men with whom he entered into conver-
sation whilst viewing the paintings in Westminster-
hall, on leaving which the whole of the party adjourned
to the Duke of York public-house, Vauxhall-bridge-
road, to take some refreshment, when the conversation
turning on respectability, Mr. Scott was induced to ex-
hibit his cash, which one of the fellows insisted on
safely placing in Mr. Scott's fob pocket, shortly after
which they both left the room on some frivolous pretext,
and not returning, Mr. Scott looked to his money and
found that gone too.
VICE-ADMIRAL TUE EARL OF DITNDONALD, G.C.B.
We very much regret to observe that that distinguished
flag-officer, the Earl of Dundonald, G.C.8., hus not
been elected a Representative Peer of Scotland. After
the honourable way in which her Gracious Majet ty re-
stored that ill-used officer to the distinction which he
so well earned by gallant conduct before the enemy, we
hoped that he would hare found among his own coun-
trymen that sympathy to which he had so cogent a
title. We have, in common with the whole body of the
naval profession, been disappointed; but we hope that
her Majesty Queen Victoria, who has done so much to
remove the slur which the cruel treatment of s most
meritorious officer cast upon the country, will further
mark her sense of this additional slight by elevating the
noble Scottish Earl to a seat in the House of Peers with
an English title.—United Service Gazette.
THE SANITARY COMMISSION.—MT. Henry Austig,
C.E , has been appointed secretary to the commission
for inquiring into the sanitary state of the metropolis.
Mr. Austin has for some years specially devoted his at-
tention scientifically to the remedies required, and for
some time past as honorary secretary of the Health of
Towns Association, has assisted their efforts in the cause
of improvement.
SOMNAMBULISM AT PORTSMOUTH.--A singular
case of somnambulism, attended with remarkable pre-
servation
of life, took place at St. Mary-street, in this
town, early yesterday morning, A young man named
Robinson, a shoemaker, had gone on a visit to his
soot uoentidd break
o f which
itohteo
brother residing there. He went to bed with him at a
late hour. About 3 o'clock the brother was awakened
hroethomefanacl house,iteodg e
tphrbeo cur
abt ety m atpthte
roe
ednme proceeded
risingv removed.
dr o.mi
,Or
oannm a
hispro-
ceeding bedlio missed his brother, and observed a small window
to the yard they found the young man on the
ground, cold and senseless, and the window shattered to
atoms.
The width of the aperture through which he
was precipitated to the ground did not exceed 16 inches,
was
whilst the height from which he fell
16f feet. The
yard into which he fell v' •
ironbist six feet in breadth,
bounded with a wall with highaas
wall were discovered several raark,of On th
° ihe
immediately,
surgeon, of High-street, was in attendance *P
and after a most careful examination discovered
small superficial wound on the scalp, a bruiseon t only
the
right arm, a severe contusion of the left foot, and some
cuts on the fingers and back of the hand. No serious
injury was inflicted, and no bad symptom has appeared
since.

ALARMING Fine.—On Wednesday forenoon, shortly
before eleven o'clock, a fire broke out on the-
of Mr. Wood, a bedstead-maker, in Cregoe-street. premisesA
jar of naptha being kept in the cellar, a man was sent
down for a supply. He took with him a little girl, the
daughter of his master, to hold the candle, while he
poured out some of the liquid. Immediately on his
drawing the cork, the vapour coming in contact with
the flame of the candle, ignited, thereby setting the
whole place on fire, and frightfully injuring the child,
who was instantly conveyed to the Queens Hospital.--
Birmingham Advertiser.
AUSTRALIAN WIIEAT.—T WO vessels have just ar-
rived from Australia, one from Port Philip, and the
other from Adelaide, bringing 1,031 bags and 6,090
bags of Wheat respectively, the pcKluce of Australia.