The Sun.
London, England, 1840-11-17 00:00:00

prosperity. The interest of the " people" must
ere long become the interest of their rulers, as to
promote it is at all times their duty. Thus the
growing iniuence of the people, and their love of
peace, will compel statesman to follow a new
line of policy. To this great principle of reform
growing out of the influence of the people, we are
well pleased to have the sanction of the Standard,
though it seldom agrees with us in approving of
reform under any aspect.

By the arrival of the Braganza steamer at Fal-
mouth on Sunday we have received Lisbon papers
of the 9th inst., with a file of the Gibraltar Ga-
zette to the sth list, inclusive. The Braganza
sailed from Gibraltar on the evening of the sth,
Cadiz the Gth, Lisbon the Oth, and Vigo the 11th
instant. The rising of the bar of Oporto prevented
her from touching at that port. The news from
Portugal is of no great political interest. The
question of the navigation of the Douro was still
under discussion. A rather trifling affair of eti-
quette had nearly upset the Portuguese Cabinet. It
appears that on the 31st ult., Mr. DRUMMOND, the
Brazilian Minister, went to the Palace to see
the RING, and was refused admittance under the
plea that his MAJESTY was indisposed. He was
retiring when another gentleman demanded admit-
tance, and was instantly ushered into the royal ap-
partmcnts. Nettled at what appeared an insu't,
the Brazilian Minister demanded an audience of
the QUEEN, which her MAJESTY refused under
the same pretext as her husband. This was more
than the Brazilian Minister could stomach, and a
Member of the Cabinet coming in at the moment,
he told him that unless the KING received him in-
stantly, he would demand his passports. M.
MAGALIIAES, the Minister in question, represented
this in energetic terms to the KING and QUEEN,
but their MAJESTIES were inexorable. The
nistty then went in a body to the Palace, and ten
dered their resignations. This cooled the KING'S
courage, who at once consented to receive Mr,
DRUMMOND. But the Brazilian Minister was not
so easily appeased. He refused to wait upon the
KING unless he received an apology for the insult
offered him. What followed was not known, as the
Government sought to keep the whole affair as se-
cret as possible. It was only certain that the Mi-
nistry had not resigned on the Sth instant, as they
all attended the QUEEN in state to the Cathedral on
that day, where a Deunt was sung in thanks_
giving for her MAJESTY'S happy recovery. The
following is a summary of the general news brought
by the Braganza from Lisbon :

The subject of the general customs' tariff is about to be
laid before the Chamber of Senators, where, it is believed
it will undergo considerable modifications.
At the Deput:es the item of " general charges" in the
Finance Minister's budget has been under consideration
this week. Under this head arc included the Civil List,
and the interest on the foreign debt. The following sums
have already been voted, viz.
The Queen's allowance for the year, 365 Contos.
The King's ditto lOO

The Empress's ditto • •••• 40 „
The Infanta Donna Isabella 'Maria 35
The Infanta Donna Anna de Jesus ]5
The Infanta Donna ..... 4.800

559,800 or aboutl3o,oool.
The guerillas in the Algarve continue to swell their
numbers, and so great is the terror they, from their late
malevolent and predatory acts, have instilled, that indivi-
duals who have business in the southern provinces have
adopted, for the safety of th"ir persons and security of
their property, a plan to travel by caravans of not less
than 20, well armed.

The loan for 500 contos de reis has been contracted for.
Arrived on the Bth instant, the Braganza steam-
packet frem Gibraltar and Cadiz. The Alexandria mail
had been five days over due when the vessel left Gibraltar
on Thursday night last. The Rose steamer, 16 days from
London, and 11 from Plymouth, bound to Sydney, short
of water and coals. On the 9th, at 11 a.m. (this morn-
ing), the Montrose steam-packet, from London to
Falmouth, with the mail of the 31st ult.
A violent gale of wind prevailed on the 2d instant at
Gibraltar, during which the American barque Julia, W.
Rca, master, drove from her anchors, and went on shore
off Fort San Felisse ; she was from Norfolk, stave laden.
Several other vessels had drifted, but did not sustain mate-
rial damage. The Spanish revenue boat, lately taken by
her Majesty's brig Jasscur, has been restored, by order of
his Excellency the Governor. Illicit traffic at Gibraltar
was greatly on the increase. All was quiet both at Cadiz
and at Vigo. The Montrose steamer was passed in the
Tagus on Monday, with the mails, bound southward. The
Braganza was overtaken in the bay by a severe hurricane,
in which she met with great damage.
The British steam vessel Rose, bound from Plymouth
to Sydney, New South Wales, put into this port yesterday
(Bth inst.) for a supply of coals, and has been subjected to
a quarantine of five days for not having a bill of health.
It would be well for all vessels leaving England for any
of the British colonies to be provided with bills of health,
the absence of which subjects them to quarantine in any
foreign port they may be obliged to enter on their way.

Some interesting news from Alexandria, Syria,
Smyrna, and Constantinople, received by express
from Marseilles, will be found in another part of
The Sun. The substance, however, of this intel-
ligence has, in a great measure, been anticipated by
the news from Syria, published in The Sun of yes-
terday. The Semaphore of Marseilles states that
Commodore NAPIER, at the head of 5,000 Turks,
4,000 Syrians, commanded by the young EMIR
BECIIIR, and 1,500 English Marines, in all 10,500
men, had marched to give battle to IBRA
PACIIA, in the plains, at some distance from
Beyrout, ,Nhcre he was encamped with an army of
15,000 Egyptians, forming the elite of his army.
It was the prevailing impression that a second de-
feat would destroy the moral influence of IBRAHIM
PACIIA in Syria.

We copy into the Sun of this day, from the
first newspaper ever published in New Zealand,
the first formal step taken by the Colonists there
settled to give a Constitution to the infant State
which they are so laudably desirous of more inti-
mately connecting with the British Crown. It is
impossible for any person of feeling or reflection not
to regard with more than ordinary interest the pro-
ceedings of a handful of emigrants in the act of
arts, English
all their strength and Eapioni(sgltlecirsxiicti)e,lllNNlCa,ninicaleet
forming, in all likelihood, the 'indents ongflaishairaena.t
andghua
ab lan-
guage,
tes,a iflourishingEnglish,if feelings,
el
is:epi,
gimaElslpi
311,,t empire,
literature,
el:
11171,7seand the Rome of
may prevail in
the when
Athens
CIcERo arc to the classical tourists of our own day
—an immense ruin which not the columns of temples,
but the sewers under our streets will aid the traveller
from another hemisphere in exploring*. Even a
time may come when
,a copy of the very number of
the New
Zealand Gazelle, now submitted to our
ruthless editorial scissors, will form one of the ra-
rest curiosities in the Libraries of Nations ; and
when The Sun, which contains the subjoined ad-
dress, from the Committee o• 0
Colonists, on their
We. can readily imagine, however,
promulgation of their earliest attempt at legislation,
will be sought with the avidity of a lost manuscript
such imaginations may appear to many
'arts and sciences arc yet in their
team, of magnetism, and til: elec.
devclopcd—and that a period
not one-thousandth part of the
knowledge, as our ancestors at the
trioity
oitipillfilolkaaiNt),nirei tcroisytqiiiacaobi
rtftlycierms
infancy—that
e t
when
will arrive we . shall appear, to poste-
rity, as little advanced Ir. the scale of true civilirta-
kt the society of New Zealand advance in civili-
zationrapidly
.as it may, it
as can never cease to
I p lion
period
ri
od and
look back with pride
~ to this first page in the his-
tory of its origin. Wi hatever greatness and perfec•
of o
the
1 realie N
tion it may achieve it will have no parental sins to
expiate by the sufferings of future generations—no
blood of savage brethren in ruthlessly exterminated,
crying aloud for vengeance upon the posterity of

* V te exinisftasllible way of ascertaining the
the sewers of London will
extent of the British capital, though not one stone above
preserve
ground of all our squares, streets, and public buildings
stood upon the top of another.
Nph-o:teW:
iotryl d
an

their more civilized murderers. The New Zealand
Gazette, from which the subjoined Address of the
" Committee of Colonists" is copied, is dated,
Sunday, April 18, and the documents to which it
refers will be found at length in another part of
The Sun :

ADDRESS FROM THE COMMITTEE OF CO-
LONISTS.

The President and Council of the Colony take this
opportunity of calling the attention of the Colonists to
two documents published in this day's Gazette—one,
the agreement or contract of Government, signed in
London by the majority of the emigrants ; and the
other, a ratiLation of that agreement, subject to cer-
tain modifications, by the Sovereign Chiefs of the dis-
trict.

The first and most important duty of the Council,
n their re-assembling in the Colony, was to take
asures for the preservation of order and the mainte-
nance of law. Although they had witnessed with much
satisfaction the peaceful and orderly demeanour of
nearly the whole of the Colonists, yet there had been
some disorders which required an exercise of authority,
and some differences which needed an appeal to a Court of
Law. To secure the person and property of each inhabi-
tant of the Colony against violence, and to establish a
Court of Law for th adjustment of conflicting claims,
were matters which admitted of no unnecessary delay.
Besides these first and most pressing duties, many other
points of deep interest to the Colony required early at-
tention. It was needful to devise and give effect to
measures which, by means of the combined powers of
the community, might overcome the obstacles to civi-
lization, arising out of the very circumstances of an in-
fant colony ;—to provide for the construction of roads
and other public works useful to the whole community,
and therefore to be constructed by general contribu-
tions ;—to frame regulations adapted to unforeseen or
temporary exigencies ;—in short, to give to the Colo-
nists laws and institutions suited to their new position.
In doing this, it, behoved the Council to weigh carefully
the nature and extent of their powers, and where these
appeared imperfect or inadequate, to tako the proper
measures to render them complete and effectual.
'file Council therefore proceeded to consider the situa•
Lion of the Colonists, in relation to the question of Sove-
reignty. Although willing to admit in the fullest ex-
tent the power and the right of the English Govern-
ment to exercise Sovereignty within the Islands of New
Zealand, whenever it may please the Legislature of
England to assert that right, yet it appeared to the
Council, that under the recent proclamations of the
Governor of New South Wales, the English Govern-
ment had formally disclaimed the existence of any right
of Sovereignty in the Crown of England, and had in
the amplest manner recognised the independent Sove-
reignty of the Native Chiefs of the Island. As that
proclamation contains a reference to the acquisition
by purchase of the sovereign rights of the Chiefs,
the Council believe and hope, that, ere long, the autho-
rity of the English Crown will be established
in this place. That authority does not, hoe-
ever, exist at the present moment. On the con-
trary, the Government of England has recognised
every petty tribe in New Zealand as an independent
foreign power, and has by implication asserted the right
of the Chiefs to exercise authority over every person
residing within their territories, according to the laws,
or rather customs, of the tribe. Every act of govern. ,
ment, therefore, within the Colony, whether legislative
or executive, must derive its validity from the assent,
expressed or implied, of the principal Chiefs of the dis-
trict. And every act of government thus sanctioned,
must be recognised as valid by the Government of
England and every civilized Government.
The Council, being satisfied of the correctness of this
view, deemed it their first duty to obtain from the Chiefs
of this district, a ratification of the contract of
government, signed in England by the Colonists.
And as that contract was of necessity incom-
plete, inasmuch as its framers were unab:c to foresee
the precise circumstances in which the Colo-
nists would be placed in New Zealand, it was need-
ful that the ratification should enlarge and modify the
powers conferred by the original instrument. It further
appeared incumbent upon the Council to secure to the
Colonists the enjoyment of the laws of England, and
that self government by means of representatives
chosen by the people, which is the birthright of every
Englishman. So that whenever Great Britain shall
acknowledge this Colony as one of its dependencies, there
may be nothing which requires alteration ; and in the
mean time the Colonists may enjoy the laws to which
they have been accustomed, and the liberties to which
as Englishmen they are entitled, and may provide by
their representatives for the peace, order, and pros•
perity of the community.
In the modifications introduced into the original
contract of government, the Council have endeavoured
to secure the responsibility of the Government to the
body of the Colonists, by making the Council subject
to re-election at an early period ; to secure to the na-
tives fair and equal treatment, by investing them with
the same rights as the other inhabitants of the Colony,
with the single exception of the right of voting at
elections,—which has been deferred fa a period suffi-
ciently long to fit them for its exercise ; to guard against
any improper use of the sovereignty recognised by the
English -Government as existing in the Chiefs, :either
from ignorance, or from the incitement of designing or
turbulent Europeans, by providing that they shall not
perform any act of sovereignty except through the in-
strumentality of the Council ; and to obtain for the
colonists the amplest powers of administering their own
affairs, by investing the President and the Council with
full legislative and executive powers.

To the proposed ratification the principal chiefs of
the district have given their fullest assent, and it now
consequently forms the law of the Colony. It will re-
main such at least until this Colony shall be united with
the British empire ; and the Council trust that even
then it will continue to exist, subject only to the neces-
sary alterations t;hich such an union would involve.
The Council, therefore, in submitting it to the Colony,
confidently rely upon the concurrence and support of
the Colonists. It has always been the boast of English-
men, that their habits of obedience to the law, and re-
spect for the rights of others, qualify them for the en-
joyment of free institutions. Those habits have been,
with very few exceptions, signally displayed in the short
period that has elapsed since the foundation of the
Colony, and the Council doubt not that they will con-
tinue to be manifested.

By order of the Council,
SAMUEL RE VANS, Secretary.

A ball, as we gather from the advertisements, is to take
place at Guildhall to-night for the benefit of the Polish
patriots, who are now living among us in a state little
short of absolute destitution.:When we bear in mind the
sacrifices that these brave men h ive made in the eau se
of freedom ; the heroic stand they made for nearly two
years against the overwhelming power of Russia ; their
moderation in the hour of victory, as when they routed
the trained legions of Diebitsch ; and the high moral
courage with which they bore up. and still continue to
bear up, against the most deplorable reverses ; above
all, when we remember who is their oppressor, and what
is the nature of their oppression ; that they arc men
without a home, without station, without kindred, their
present fortunes wretched, their future with scarce a
hope—when wo bear these things in mind, we feel that
we cannot speak too warmly in praise of the Poles, or
of the charitable scheme by which it is intended that
they should benefit. Let all who wish well to th
august cause of frndom, best show their faith by their
works—that 1s to say, by making their appearance to-
night at Guildhall, and the ball-rooms will be crowded
to suffocation f and would be so, were they even thrice
the site that they now are. Of all people in the
world, the Poles have perhaps the strongest claims on
our s) mpathy ; for they have fallen in their high-minded
efforts to secure that very freedom, on which we our-
selves have ever laid so much stress.

ACON T RA ST.--W bile Mr. Sidney Smith's
lectures in Devizes, against the Corn-laws, were, en a
few hours' notice to the public, attended by overflowing
audiences of I'M or 600 persons, those of Mr. Justine, in
favour of the Bread-tax, although aided by ample, notice,
the prestige_ of the great landed interest, the market day
and hour, and the vicinity of all the farmers, could not
reckon more than 50 or (30 stragglers, whose yawns and
stretchings bespoke the extent of the interest they took in
the lecturer's exposition,— Wiltshire Independent.
BROMHANI.---,On the evening of the day on
which the absentee do-nothing Rector of this village was
colleeting 1,5001. of tithe, dS d sett of fee far his absence
from the parish, Mr. Sidney Smith delivered a lecture
against the Corn-laws, in the club•room at Mr. Orchard's.
Notwithstanding that his llertrenee, the Rector of the
Poor Man's Church," gate All the large tithe-payers
their " dinner and drink," and the small fry a shilling to
get beer, the Club room was filled, and an outer room was
also crammed, besides that every step of the stairs was oc-
cupied, and many Went away Unable to obtain admittance.
The lecture has ereated tt rent sensation herr, and much
ittimety is expressed for the delivery of another; the
people, one and all, declaring, that their condit!env '?s in-
finitely worse now that bread is dear then when ii was
cheap, haring learnt by painful experience that wages cid
not rise with the price of bread. At this meeting, a very
slt-ona feeling OfP4 liin,hireEiVd against the landowners, and
clergy, who had endeavoured to delude the poor with the
fallacy that dear bread is advantageous the labourer.—
Wiltshire independfq!
•r I)llyiscian-ac-
COURT GOSSIP. Tile M.. - the va-
couctier is still busy in arranging and deciding
rious claims of the formidable array
hfonour and profit of nursing the Royal babe s and its many
of canclidates for .thc
othese arc backed by recommendations of the*
influence, it ' greatest
no easy task. Let it not be sent
it .-
however, that the nursing of the Royal infant will lie
gethe.r. a very easy or a very comfortable office. From
the chief superintendent down to the sub-deputy-assiFtant.
supernumerary nurse, all and every one are to be forbidden,
under any circumstances or pretext whatever, to " kiss the
child ;" so that let his Royal bahyship squall ever So
loudly the usual nursery endearments are forbidd sa'
they may pacify and quiet as they west 11
tenharn Looker-on.

The Duke of Devonshire arrived in Dublin on
Friday last, from a visit to Lady Dover, at Gocrran
Kilkenny, Hia Graco is expectedat Chstmorth this wick.