The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-02 00:00:00

BY COMMAND 011 THE PO7;TMASTER-HENERAII.
NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC.
GENERAL POST OFFICE,
OcTenElt, 1847.
Persons having occasion to forward money by
the Post are strongly
recommended to transmit it through the medium of the Money Order
°tiles ; and they are also advised NOT TO TRANSMIT COIN in
Letters, under any circumstances.
Money Orders may be obtained for any sum not exceeding 51., at
the following charges:—
Not exceeding £2 ... • .• .... 3d.
Not exceeding £5 . • .. •• .. 6d.
Those persons who desire to remit money In Licles etters, by
ue, Bank--
!Wes or Drafts, payable to bearer, or any
art of val are
CAuTtONED to REGISTER all such Letteri.
COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS' SCHOOLS,
FOR ORPHAN AND NECESSITOUS CHILDREN.,
WANSTEAD.
NOTICE.—The next ELECTION of CHILDREN, applying for
admission to this Institution, will take place at the London Tavern,
on TUESDAY, the 25th day of December next.
No applications on behalf of Candidates will be entertained by the
Board, unless the Nomination and other Papers he received at the
Offices, 11, Cheapside, on or before 3losneY, the 15th November next.
, The first Public Dinner of the Subscribers to the Institution and
their Friends will be held on MONDAY, the 27th December next.
The Stewards appointed are informed that Tickets will be issued
43 soon as possible, and they are requested to commence lists of visi-
tors forthwith.
By order of the Board,
CILkRLES NASH. Secretary.

• • ,
•
. th
, . cal •a- .6 . .
4,, the c 0 dyin3)?(//1-‘‘"7
s
.' = • •
,Ik Ni
0,
T_ , t
~ ,
4i 4,'.' eptdetT?..iS
4.
CO to th e 1
...,...!• ' ''r ' , `:, ''4.' •
rtm4s, -4-: f#`
'l' , '),4, ~,, .•.
• :...,.\\ • j,-, '` 14.4. ' '"• , ' >.• '- . 1,..._%,% t - ~,,,r, - ,Amo Is
6'N).4','' I • .6.64,. ~.. „I. • .•• • N
..
\--,,;_,_,,,,,..,,,„ ~.. - ~,...
•
„:„4.,,,m0k . _
. ~. , •
:. ..
11 the d ase
tt- I ,i, - - ',;:-- --,, , .-. .
''
' ".
. Pl'O''' 2. . 3-•
44, '7,.....' 102 .11--7 . , ' Nt 1;0-1V1.
.-- - -
.. a.itfRAT,,,, .0 _ . .
I's,
measles, sr
_
~
~.f, 0, ..sa
..t-s ~,, ..
:,' ---
.„.,;.,:: ... ,-‘"- -..
~,, 1.,... ~
e• ,* we
' - -,,,.5&?.. :.... A..„, ~
4.. • ,
..*
'.
' ''
, _
‘TY• \!7,,, _ '',
• e the rer
~..
'.e.. ' „ I
' ',6, - dit- q, x-,,---.2- - 'ol t2' ' tie,.ls ~,,„ ..-- .
.P-ir
zi, .- 4., - i -
77 1
ter erta; ~,____ ..
.., / g,,--e II 1) ..1, 0,111,:f 4:"-:.• 1,17x4". !i) -c-,,,,=•.- --,
-
ed-" 2-", fatal to s
//
- difrere
sud

. increased from two in
London, the liability to
raised still more.
of the zymotic class—such as sman-
rlatina, typhus, influenza, and cholera
'kable property of becoming epidemic.
►tervals of time, in which they are
or greater number of persons in
and seasons, great multitudes are
-.J. attacked and destroyed in a given locality;
de disease in this intense form involves the neigh-
bouring population, spreads around the whole region,
and sometimes travels over the tracks of human in-
tercourse through the world. Little is known of the
immediate chemical or vital causes of epidemics; but
in given circumstances, where many are immersed in
an atmosphere of decaying organic matter, some
nymotic disease is invariably produced ; where there
is starvation, it is most frequently typhus ; cold, in-
fluenza ; heat, it is cholere, yellow fever, plague. At
the mouths of the Ganges, of the Nile, of the Niger;
in London, particularly up to the 17th century; in
camps, in barracks, in ships, in prisons formerly ; in
Ireland, in Liverpool, in all our towns now, the cir-
cumstances in which zymotic diseases become epi-
demic may be witnessed.

[PP ICE SD.

A city breathing an atmosphere perfectly pure may
not be exempt from every epidemic; but observation
has shown that such irruptions are infrequent, and
fatal to few persons of strength or stamina. Internal
sanitary arrangements, and not quarantine or sanitary
lines, are the safeguards of nations. A salubrious
city in an epidemic, like a city built of stone in a con-
flagration, is exposed to danger and injury, but not to
the same extent as the present cities of Europe, which
are left without any adequate regulations for the
health and security of their inhabitants.
The great historical epidemics have diminished in
intensity ; and there appears to be no reason why they
should not be ultimately suppressed, with the advances
of the population among which they take their rise.
Their origin is obscure, but influenza appears gene-
rally to become first epidemic in Russia, cholera in
India.* It is in India that the source of the latter
disease must be attacked. If the health of India be-
come sound, Europe might be safe, and hear no more
of the epidemic which is now traversine, Russia. The
attention of the Indian authorities has for some time
been directed to the subject. The Marquis of
Wellesley, in 1821, effected improvements in Bengal.
Mr. Martin, one of the commissioners appointed by
the late Government to inquire into the health of
towns, addressed Lord Metcalfe, the Governor-Gene-
ral, on the sanitary improvement of Calcutta in
1835; his comprehensive plans were promoted by
that eminent statesman. Lord Auckland appointed a
sanitary commission, of which Sir John Grant was
the chairman, and thus procured a very able official
report on the health of Calcutta, before the subject
was touched at home.-t
The other nations of Europe are beginning to take
an interest in public sanitary improvements, and any
plans found to succeed in England will no doubt be
carried out as speedily as possible in all parts of her
Majesty's dominions; for the vast population that
owns her sway is intimately united. Asiatic cholera
has taught us that the lives of thousands in England
may •
*ln Italy influenza is called the catarre russd in
Germany,
,
t
t See Lancet, Sept. 25 and Oct. 9, 1847.
t The epidemic cholera, which reached England in
.ees rs en.y, the russi.che krankheit.
depend on the condition of the Pariahs of
T
1831, broke out at Jessore, near Calcutta, in 1817, and
destroyed 10,000 persons.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

CITY, MONDAY EVENING.
TlMES.—Another comparatively quiet day has
been experienced, and
.the English Funds have risen
considerably. Consols for money, which closed at 81
on Saturday, opened this morning at 81+, to After
some slight fluctuations they advanced to 82 ; and,
although a few sales caused them to leave off at 811
to j, they still wore an appearance of firmness. For
the account they opened at 81i to I, advanced to 82k,
and closed at 82.

In the Stock Exchange money from day to day
was easy at from sto 6 per cent. Out of doors also
there was perhaps some slight relaxation. At the
Bank, however, there was much demand, and the
rate for advances was raised to Bf, and in some cases
9 per cent.
This being the day for the usual half-yearly
balance at the Bank of England, the transfer offices
were closed.

The suspension of Messrs. Coates and Co., Ame-
rican merchants, of Bread• street, Cheapside, with
branches in Nottingham, Manchester, and Liverpool,
was announced this afternoon. For the last fifteen
years the firm have been extensive Dyers of manu•
factured goods for the American market, and disap-
pointment in the receipt of remittances is stated to
be the cause of the stoppage. The liabilities of the
house amount to about 100,000/.
The bids drawn by the 16th of August American
steamer matured to-day, and some anxiety was felt in
consequence. They appear, however, to have been
well met on the whole, the only default. of any im-
portance being the one above-mentioned.
The letters from the country received this morning
bring no accounts of failures in addition to those men-
tioned, with the exception of that of Cowans, Smith,
and Co., commission agents of Glasgow, whose liabi-
lities are stated at 23,000/. At Manchester and
Liverpool, however, the feeling is evidently very
gloomy
The Ocean steamer, arrived to-day from Rotter-
dam, has brought 15,000/. in gold.
Advices from St. Petersburgh to the 22d of Oc-
tober repeat the previous accounts of extreme
dullness in all the markets. The weather at that
period seemed to indicate an early closing of the
navigation. Exchange was quoted at rates so wide
as to show the prevalence of great distrust regarding
many of the bills offered, the rates varying from
371 d. to 38d. and to 38 5-16 d.
The Amsterdam Bourse accounts received to-day
are less satisfactory than those last mentioned, the
prices of several securities having again given way in
consequence of speculative sales. Rhenish Railway
shares, after improving considerably, had also expe-
rienced a severe reaction.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
PORTSMOUTH, Nov. I.—The Recruit, 12, Com-
mander Slade, will be paid off on Saturday. She was
built of iron, about eighteen months since, by Ditch-
burn and Mare, of Black wall ; but, after being from
that time until now in commission, and commanded
by one of the most worthy and scientific officers in
the Queen's service, she is found so utterly unworthy
of the pennant, that the Admiralty have resolved on
depriving her of that honourable indication of her
character. She will, most likely, now be sold out of
the navy.
The Rhadamanthus steam-vessel, Master-Com-
manding Jonathan Aylen, arrived, last night, after
dark, at Spithead, and came into h
to coal. She is to embark the officers and men who
have been employed in navigating thee harbour
Blenheim,
le e
to this port this evening, and sail for Sheerness.
The .Alaria Somes transport, Lieutenant Matthew
Black agent, came into the harbour to-day, to be re-
fitted
and prepared for service.
morning. It is expected she will be commissioned
very shortly.
Centaur
steam
wax •
hauled frigate
offhavingfrom
o the jetty this
been completed
in he r rigging,
The mainmast of the Retribution steam-frigate
was taken out to-day, it being intended to give that
vessel, like all the large steamers, three masts.
The Dolphin, 3 (brigantine), Lieutenant Com-
manding Hon. R. F. Boyle, sailed this morning for the
Theh
coast of Africa.

Wind south ; light breezes and fine weather-5 P.M.
WooLwicu, Nov. I.—Her Majesty's steam packet
Garland, Captain Smithett, is ordered to be at Calais
on Tuesday, the 2d of November, and to be in
readiness to convey their Royal Highnesses the
Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary to
Dover on Wednesday next. The royal party may
be expected to arrive at Dover about nine o'clock in
the morning.
The Violet, Dover steam-packet, was taken down
the river on Saturday, and into dock at Woolwich
this morning, to have her bottom examined previous
to her return to her duties on the Dover station.
yn.
The Myrmidon steam-vessel, T
Com-
mander Roberts, arrived at Woolwich
after-
noon, and is to be laid aside, afternd h
about eight months'
turnedtrial. vessel,Snyheeritsoatnheirporoncu-e the latter
and her
serev‘eN s'arl having
etobe
been paid off on Pin Saturday, and re commissioned for
service in the Mediterranean.
One of the Admiraly barges was brought dawn
the river on Friday t
The Stromboli
arrived at Wool t
eoa
mbe_Nr:spaaelir,edcoarnt
Commander Fisher,
,l'ich this morning from Lisbon.

VAUTION IN CLEANSING CESSPOOLS.—The Long-
acre tragedy has been recently reheat sea, if not acted
over again, at Titter.haugers, an estate of the Dowager
Countess Hardwiclie. Dow the idea of " disinfecting"
es po l e.r sewers by help of oil of vitriol originated, it
1,-,yh0.p.3 to say, unless it might be in the expec-
tation tiiat a combination of sulphur and oxygen, such
as it ia, would mutt alise one of sulphur and hydrogen,
leaving nothing but sulphur and water ; but it ought
never to be forgotten that cesspools and sewers will
always abound with soda, potash, and probably lime,
which will hold the. ,e hydras dire, in a fixed state, and that
sulphuric osystei,l will itself be neutralised by the alka-
line bases, ilia' will liberate in place of destroying the
poisonous hydrides.—Eviller.
signal of a novel de-
NEw RAILWAY SIGNAL.—A
scriptiun has recently been fixed to the guard's carriages
on the South Western line, consisting of an enormous
bell and a red flag. Upon the guard discovering any-
thing wrong in the train, he can, by merely pulling a
wire, cause the bell to ring veryloud, and at the same
time a red ling flies up, as a that the engine-
driver is immediately to stop the tram,—Deronport In
dependent,