The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-03 00:00:00

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PRICE 5d

Commissioners cannot concur in this opinion.
They believe that the mendicant classes will continue to
levy their contributions, and that the fears and preju-
dices of the people will lead them to give alms, as here-
tofore, after the workhouses shall have been opened and
the poor-rates paid ; and that mendicancy will thus be
continued, and its evils perpetuated, unless the r,egisla-
ture shall protect the rate-payer from demands and
threats, which, if left to himself, he will be totally un-
able to withstand. Such being the view of the case
entertained by the Commissioners, they express their
regret that the Bill introduced by Lord Morpeth into
the House of Commons for the repression of mendicancy
should not have been proceeded with, though no less
than forty Boards of Guardians made strung representa-
tions on the subject.

The distress ivhich has usually prevailed in the south-
ern and western districts of Ireland during the months
of June, July, and August, from a failure of the old, and
pending the incoming of the new potatoe crop, will pro-
bably occur for years to come ; but the Commissioners
hope that it will be felt in a continually decreasing ratio.
The intensity of the distress is necessarily in proportion
to the length of the interval between the exhaustion of
the one crop and the maturity of the other ; and this in-
terval, in the average of years and circumstances, can be
reduced, and the duration and permanence of supply be
insured only by the increase of forethought and pruden-
tial habits in the people. The increase of these qua-
lities is now, we are satisfied, in rapid progress in Ire-
land, and to this the Comthissioners mainly attribute the
important fact that the pressure of last year was sus-
tained, not only without the usual aid from Government
bnt with less suffering and privation among the
people than prevailed during previous years. Yet the
crops of last year, as a whole, were certainly under an
average ; and that after the recurrence of two, if not of
three, preceding short crops. The people must there-
fore, have become more provident, and must have hus-
banded their means. They have also begun to acquire
a clearer perception of their real interests, and of the
necessity of relying upon their own efforts. They are
likewise better informed with respect to their social con-
dition, and the duties which it imposes upon them indi-
vidually and collectively ; and hence their improved
habits and more general self-reliance.

A portion, perhaps no inconsiderable portion, of this
improremem may, we think, be attributed to the agita-
tion of the Poor-law question in all its bearings, in every
part of Ireland, during the last five or six years ; a por-
tion is also attributable to the organization which has
been established throughout the country by the formatiou
of unions ; and, lastly, and that in -no inconsiderable de-
gree, to the spread of temperance which has happily taken
place of late.

N N.

RKEI anti CIT N E •••

11ORKING rArEkb

.!

—The West India mans Ira;

We come first to our own commes, -4?
advices as follows :—J anaica, July 29 ; Demerara,
July 20 ; Barbadoes, July 20 ; and St. Thomas's, Aug. 4.
In the first-mentioned c Tony very plentiful and re-
freshing rains had fallen, aid tais was also the case in
Barbadoes, where the field , which before presented an
arid and sterile appearance had gradually become in-
vested with a luxuriant and crateful clothing of verdure
and richness. The canes were improving, and th, cul-
tivation of corn and other provi ions was become g•-n,-;'3l.
This, it was hoped in Barbado .s, would bringdo'.l:
price of food to its former level, and thus prove a in....
blessing to the poorer classes. General Darling h- •
mimed the office of Lieutenant-Governor of Barb*oes,
and had addressed the Assembly in a sixTch that lad
given satisfaction to all parties.
Sir C. F. Smith, it was reported, 'would be the Go-
vernor-General of the Windw tr 1 Islands ; and Sir C.
Arthur was spoken of as the successcre of Sir W. CA.
brooke.

In Jamaica great efforts were making to extend euiti
vation and increase the prAuce of the crops, with thr
view of affording a better s tpply in future to the mother
untry. The prospects of the Mount Vernon copper-
!Line seem to be very satisractory.

At St. Thomas's flour was • seven do' ars p barrel ;
American bills were three per cent. discount ; and b .;:k
drafts on London, 485 to 490 dollars per 100!.
Each day seems to bring with it more favour.o:le intel-
ligence from Madrid, as we hear now o. the ins ration
Espartero's,Government to pay the interest on the Jn-
demnity Bonds. We only hope our countrymen may be
doomed to no more cruel disappointments, wher,t .su3ll a
fair prospect is opening befere them.
CHRONICLE.—The accounts from Manchester this
morning do not improve as regards money matters, fur-
ther failures of some importance having taken p!aoe.
Money was in considerable demand to-day on the Smck
Exchange. The Hebrew party were said to have been
takers to a considerable amount, preparatory to the ex-
pected appearance of the French loin, but the prices
from Paris do not show much immediate apprehension of
that sort, an advance of ten cents, having taken place
both in the Three and Five per Cents: for the Account.
The general average for the last six weeks shows wheat
at 71s. 4d., and thus foreign wheat may, now be entered
fur home consumption, at a duty of Gs. Bd. There is
now every prospect that the speculators will carry out
their plans, and bring dawn the duty with certainty to
2s. Bd., and very probably to Is. when the stxk in bond,
equal to 1,000,000 of quarters, will be thrown upon the
home market. Our readers would be fully prepared for
this result ; we have at least taken some i aim to make
them so, and that after the bonded corn is disposed of the
new wheats will be dealt in largely, which are not only
generally defective in quality, but, when threshed, deti-
ficient in the yield per acre, and below an average pro-
duce. So much for the sliding scale.
POST.—Her Majesty's ship Hornet has nrrivetl from.
Cartha,q-ena. That town was blockaded by the troops of Ge-
neral Carmona, a chief of the insurgent party, but it
would be able to hold out, it appeared, untit relief could
be obtained from Bogota. The Hornet brings 48,000
dollars in specie.
Sydney papers to April 24th have come to hand, but
they have little information of general interest. The fol-
lowing extract from the South Austrelian Register, re-
lating. to the mineral treasures of the Colony, seems to
contain the only matter of importance :
..

" In additiori to the well-proved agricultural and rA3-
' torn! capabilities of the province, it has long been known
to scientific observers that the mountain ranges con-
tained mineral productions of great value. Mr.. Menge's
geological collection-at present exhibits 'numerous speci-
mens of gold, silver, copper, lead, and iron ores, found
in the more northernly districts, and no doubt exists
that the hills immediately behind Adelaide are rich
in mineral wealth. A few weeks ago, indeed,
this fact was placed beyond doubt, by the acci-
dental discovery of a splendid mineral in the im-
mediate neighbourhood of the town, combining in
proportions not yet exactly ascertained—lead, silver,
and antimony. The ore is in the greatest profusion,
and of unequalled richness. In the true South Austra-
lian spirit of enterprise, a company has been formed to
work the mine, and arrangements have been already made
to ship a considerable quantity of the ore in the Cygnet,
Captain Dalton, now loading for London. Since the
above was in type, and at a late hour last night, we re-
ceived from a correspondent, on whose respectability we
can rely, the following note :—' I have just seen a sample
of coal, discovered a few days since. .It appears to be of
the best description. All I could further learn at the
moment was, that it was found within twenty miles or
Adelaide, near navigable waters, and that thousands of
tons can be raised at comparatively small expense.' "
It is hardly necessary to add that:statements of this
nature should be read with a due allowance for the exag-
gerations often indulged in by the authors of them.
TIMES.—The feeling in the Foreign Market to specu-
late in Spanish Stock continues, and the ground upon.
which the speculators are said to base their operations is
that Spanish capitalists have been buyers of the Stock in
the house to pay off their arrears due to their Govern-
ment on the purchases of national property. This is
certainly a cause to influence prices, but it remains to be
seen whether it does not originate with a view to make
a profit rather than the actual intentions of taking the
Stock out of the Market for the purpose saved. Ma-
necavres of this kind have been before practised, and the
peblic especially ought to be on their guard.
The accounts from. Liverpool to-day are again of an
unfavourable nature. The well-known.houses
of \foly-
neux, W'itherby, and Co. have come to the resolution of
suspending their payments. This firm imported cotton
to a great extent, indeed to such an extent that some
report they are the largest importers in the country. In
the best-informed quarters, their stoppage has occasion-
ed little or no surprise, as it had been considered fi►r
some time past that they were carrying on business be-
yond their means, and their bills in London have by no
means been thought of unquestionable credit.
Private letters recived from Amsterdam, dated the
31st of August, state that the Second Chamber of the
States-General bud finished its previous examination of
Rochussen's plan for converting the Passive debt.
No less than 45 members took part in the discussion, and
the great principle of the plan—viz., that the Govern-
ment is entitled to pass over the law of February, 1818,
and return to the law of May, 1814—has been admitted
by a great majority, the law of 1818 being regarded
merely as a temporary power granted to the stockholdeas
by Government, with full liberty to revoke it at plea-
sure, and the present financial condition of the country
being considered such as to justify the exercise of that
liberty. The other principles, viz., that the Govern-
ment has a right •to anticipate the conversion, which,
according to the law of 1814, is annual, but which
is now proposed to take place at once ; that the Govern-
ment can equitably give the holders for their Deferred
Stock Active Stock at the rate of 52 (the market price),
when they are entitled to a conversion at par ; and that
the discount may be fixed at the rate of 4 4-5 per cent.,
which is fur tibiae the rate in the country—hare been
likewise agreed on. To the details of the measure, how-
ever, some objections have been raised, and it is expected
that the Minister will have some alterations to make be-
fore he can procure its adoption. The Budget. has been
less favourably treated, and it is expected that; unless
some of the Ministers contrive to reduce their expenses,
the chapters concerning them will be struck out, if in-
deed those Ministers arc not themselves obliged to resign.
Papers from Bogota, which have been received to the
2d of June, are chiefly filled with documents giving a
detailed account of a complete victory of the Government
fortes over the rebels commanded by Vimga at Salamina.
A great number of the enemy were killed and wounded,
and among the prisoners was the leader Vesga, while by
the Government forces scarcely any loss was sustained.
Among the persons on the GaNeritment• side of whom
honourable mention is made, a heroine, named
Maria Martinez, •is specially noticed, as having at-
tended the army through its perils and fatigues, and
appeared armed with a spear in thefield of battle. The
victory seems to be considered the most decisive that has
yet been gained ma* the rebels. Telegraphic despatches
showed that order 4440:1*0ii- completely restored in the
provinces of Cauca-and Buenaventura.

The Sydney papers Of the 25th of April state that
business.in all branches was dull. There were'im local
topics of interest afloat. Wheat was 7s. per bushel, and
flow; -ranged from I9s to 26. per 100 lb. Poultry was
scarce and dear, as were also provisions.
SUN.—The progress made in the formation of the new
Tory Administration has lost almost all its interest in
the. City, The Funds have scarcely varied a fraction to-.
day. f N not this principally ascribed to the nniversrlitv
of the;feelingiliat Sir Robert Peel will not be '4'l'l'4
long to hold the reins of power ? We are disposed to
think so, and therefore we do not anticipate that there
will be any fall of moment in the value of the Fund r.„
Consols for Account closed this afternoon at
f9:4::118:.nd
for Money at 89i. India Bonds were lint at 2 piemium;
but Exchequer Bills realised 14 to 16
In the Foreign Market there was "a brisk demand for
Spanish Stockthis afternoon at an advance to 226 1.
In
the other Furgii.o Stocks there was o°QreelY any varia-.
Lion, the prices closing within a fraction- of those at.,
main,hdecdniani twhielyeasrillya
rpea
isr
ft
notfk
et ht
heavily this after-
noon ; but the prices were not materially different from
those paid yesterday.

of: Tarim into
of simple unmixed ir • •
is the conversion
meum by a legal actjustice. It iv
MONOPOLY
n confers noth.
essentially privative.. only takes
away. It gives no right—it merely
places right in abey-
ance. It
would be well if this feature of it were tho-
roughly 1
understood. 00 commonly it is regarded as
somewhat given to a few, which in fairness should be
given b) all. It is nothing of the sort. .It is a some-
what which all possess of natural right taken away from
the mass, that the right left in the hands of a few may
have a fictitious value. . It is not a crop raised on a
certain spot while all the rest of the field is left bare, but
a crop previously existing mowed down in all parts of
the field except a little circle capriciOusly marked Out..
Monopoly: is defined " the exclusive right of selling a
thing ; but the right to sell that which is mine—in other
words to exchange it for that which is yours,
both rallies consenting—is possessed antecedently to
government; and, to render it exclusive; either my right
or your's must be taken away. The power which creates
monopoly must do so by practising injustice. There is.
no way to privilege but over. the mangled remains or
right. The whole spirit, the direct precepts, and, we
may add, the early practice of Christianity are dead
against monopoly. "Do unto others as you would they
should unto you,' and " Look not every; man on his Own
things, but every man on the things of others,”constitutt.
a two-edged sword which cuts asunder all exclusive pre-
tensions. And ii in the morning purity of the church,
men voluntarily held all things in cournon, and no man
called aught that he possessed his own, one can hardly
see how the same system could sanction the destruction
of a common right with a view to individual advantage.
—.Non-conforoti.st.