The Sun.
London, England, 1847-05-11 00:00:00

MAY 11, 1847.

PRICE SD.

was sued, and the plaintiff wishing to invest the amount of
the debt in stock on the 19th of November, 1803, when the
same would have purchased 908/. 16s. 7d. stock ; in consi-
deration of forbearing his action and demand till the 19th of
November, 1804, takes a bond from the defendant, condi-
tioned for the transfer by him to the plaintiff, on that day.
of 908/. 16s. 7d. stock, with such interest as the same would
have produced as such stock in the meantime.
All the Court agreed that this was not usury, as the
amount of the sum to be paid depended upon a contingency.
If the stocks had fallen in the meantime to 50i., the plaint it'
would have received less than his principal and legal interest
would have amounted to. This was no more usury than an
agreement to replace stock lent, which, though once con-
tended to be usury if more than the principal and legal inte-
rest-were thereby obtained, had been long settled to be legal.
" GEORGE COCHRANE,
" Chancery-lane, May 5, 1847."

THE B.OSJESMAN, OR BUSH
PEOPLE FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA.
These living types of a race, perhaps one of the lowest in
the scale of humanity, and now becoming rapidly extinct,
offer a subject of the greatest interest, alike to the man of
science, the student in human physiology, and the curious,
as being the first living specimens of this singular variety of
the great human family—the Ishmaels of the African conti-
nent, who have been induced to visit the abodes of civilised
man; and for descriptions of whom we have hitherto been
entirely dependent upon the testimony of the few travellers
who have visited their desolate and tar off region. To the
student in phrenology, these Bush people offer an especially in-
teresting study, as affording strong corrobozative evidence in
support of the now almost-universally-admitted truths of that
science. The heads of this singular group, and a skull of ono
of their fellows, in the possession of the gentleman who has
brought them to this country, exhibit almost as striking an
absence of the intellectual and higher faculties as is obser-
vable in the skull of thgt mockery of humanity, the baboon ;
while the prepondarance of the animal is almost equally
great. There is, hoit ver. a marked superiority of phreno-
logical development in the mother of the child born on
their passage to this country over any of her compa-
nions, and she exhibits a much greater degree of intel-
ligence than either; while we learn from their guardian
that she is a most excellent mother, kind and affectionate
in her disposition, and exceedingly docile; the others,
on the contrary, being very selt-willed and difficult
to manage. The kindness, however, with which they
have been treated since their arrival, does not by
any means appear to have been thrown away, as they-
seem perfectly happy and contented, and on the receipt of
an orange or other trifle, exhibit the liveliest emotions of
gratitude, by kissing the hand of the donor, and manifesting
other unequivocal signs of pleasure. They' were fairly in-
toxicated with delight on the two females being presented
with a necklace each, by one of the company present, com-
posed of round metal buttons, and a smaller one for the
child—the female exhibiting all that passionate love for
adornment which seems inherent in the breast of every
daughter of Eve, whether civilised or savage; and the males
scarcely less so, in the speechless admiration with which,
so decked, they appeared to regard their spouses. We
may mention that they are natives of the country bordering
the great Orange river, in the interior of Africa, 1,200 to
1,400 miles from Cape Town; and their supposed ages vary
between 30 and 50, the mother of the child being the oldest of
the group. They have picked up a few words of English
and Dutch; but their intercourse with their guardian
is chiefly carried on by pantomimic signs. Their own
language appears to be singularly barren, exceedingly
harsh and unpleasant to the ear, and used with much ges-
ticulations. Its most remarkable feature is, that min-
gled with the articulate tones, and the gutturals and
nasals, are some inarticulate clicks or clucks, produced by
the tongue being struck against different parts of the mouth,
so as to produce an audible sound not easily described on
paper, but varying in depth, with the part of the mouth from
which the tongue is struck. The stature of these people is
another peculiarity: the two couples are considered as of
two quite different tribes, though both speak the same lan-
guage; but there is a striking difference in their stature. The
larger couple are about five feet three inches in height; the
smaller no more than four feet, and these suggest the idea of
the " pigmies" of the ancients. The strange mixture of the
Mongolian, Malay, and Negro in their characteristic form
and features is very striking; and while they seem but little
elevated in the chain of being above the baboon and the
chimpanzee, we learn that the tall and athletic Kafir flies
from one of these diminutive creatures with the greatest
terror,—for their want of physical strength is compenssted
by their skill in the use of poisoned arrows, a wound from
one of which is almost always mortal. These creatures are
continually smoking the wild hemp of their country—a plant
from which they also obtain the poisonous juice in which
they dip their arrows. They go through a sort of perform-
ance ; all four dancing one of their national dances, which
somewhat resembles those of the North American Indians,
especially in its being conducted and regulated by a double
stroke of the hand, as a substitute for a tom-tom or drum.
The two men display their mode of stealing on their foes ;
and certainly it must be no pleasant thing to see a man
stealthily prowling in your neighbourhood with a poisoned
arrow fitted to the string—waiting only till you give him an
opportunity of stealing upon you unperceived, to send the
death-shaft on its flight. As a variety of the race of man
never before seen in England, we recommend a visit to these
Bush people.—Manchester Guardian.
L We perceive by an advertisement, that Dr. Knox, F R.S.E.,
delivers a lecture on the Bosjesman, on Monday evening
next, at Exeter Hall, at which the above described singular
race will be introduced.—En. Sun.]

THE TRIP TO BIRMINGHAM IN

TWO HOURS.
We learn, upon further inquiry into the particulars of
the stated trip from Euston-square to Birmingham, with
a train of about 35 tons, in two hours, exclusive of the
loss of time when the train was in a state of rest during
five stoppages, tha' the accuracy of the performance, as
published. is strongly affirmed by those who, it is pre-
sumed, are in possession of the official notes of the
working of the engines. At the same time that this is
affirmed, the strict accuracy of our analysis of the pet
formance is not called in question. We pointed out that
to accomplish 112 f miles in two hours " travelling
time," the average running speed over the greater
part of the journey must have been 66 miles per
hour, and that over other considerable portions
of it the average running speed must have
respectively been upwards of 70 and 80 miles per
hour. This is not denied. A great commercial as well
as a great corporate question is involved in the accuracy
of this stated performance of the narrow-gauge engines.
The question is importatant, not merely to the broad and
narrow gauge parties, but to the public, whose interests
may, through proci edings now pending before Com-
mittees of the Commons, be seriously affected by the
establishment of the correctness or incorrectness of the
statement alluded to.

If the narrow-gauge engines can take even light pas-
senger trains at an average running velocity of sixty-six
miles per hour over the entire gradients of the London
and North-Western line, we must perforce admit that
the broad-gauge engines, with their assumed advantages,
will have to hide their diminished heads; but we are of
opinion that some serious error, some, at present, unac-
countable mistake, has been made by the gentlemen who
noted the workings of the engines; that either they or
we labour under a strange delusion. In short, we be-
lieve that the engines in question did not, and can-
not do what they are stated to have performed;
and that, instead of their maximum speed having been
eighty-four miles per hour, it was some twenty miles
below that figure. But if the engines did perform this
alleged extraordinary working, they can, of course, do it
again. We repeat that it is most important to the Lon-
don and North-Western Company that the accuracy of
this alleged working of the narrow gauge engines should
be made manifest to the world. The establishment of it
would be a giant's strength to them in support of several
of the Bills they are now promoting in Parliament. That
company have, therefore, a direct and vital interest in
setting the question at rest; let them, then, run anotherr
special train between London and Birmingham. 17( e
shall be happy to send a gentleman from this establish-
ment to take the workings of the engines, and to give
the particulars fully and faithfully. We have always
believed, and still believe, that the broad gauge is supe-
rior in speed and power to the narrow gauge, and we
have given numerous facts in support of our opinion;
but we should, under all the circumstances, and consider-
ing how much uniformity would simplify the railway
system of this country, be exceedingly gratified—al-
though our own predictions would be sadly shaken there-
by—to have it in our power to state that the narrow
gauge is equal to the stated extraordinary performante
which is at present attracting, or rather distracting, the
attention of the railway world.—Herald.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] DEAFNESS, NEW INVENTION,
39, ALasickaLS-sTazET, PICCADILLT.—The Organic Vibrator, an ex-
traordinary powerful small newly-invented instrument, for deafness,
entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of the kind that
has been, or probably ever can be produced ; it is modelled to the
ear so that it rests within, without projecting, which can be inserted
in the ears and removed in company unobserved ; and, being of the
same colour as the skin, is not perceptible. The powers of this
valuable new invention are so great as to bring very defective hear-
ing, of long Standing, to its perfect and natural state, and to enable
deal persons to enjoy general conversation, to hear distinctly at
church, on the bench, at the bar,:and at public assemblies ; the un-
pleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears are entirely removed,
and it affords to individuals affected with this dreadful malady all the
assistance that possibly could be desired. Also improved hearing
Trumpets of every description. The newly-invented Spectacles,
immediately they are placed before extremely imperfect vision, that
mist and dullness which appear before the eyes is at once removed,
every object becomes clear and distinct, so that the most agedim
perfect sight becomes bright and brilliant, midis brought to its
r
youth-
ful, natural and original state. Also Achromatic Telescopes, Opera
.
Glasses, Microscopes, Sic. Caution—Messrs. S. and B. Solo n.
Opticians, are not in any way connected with a person of the same
name in their immediate neighbourhood, nor in any part of the
country. To prevatt mistakes be cautious, and Observe—Only to be
had at 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly (oppo ice the York lintel).
MURDER AND HIGHWAY ROBBERY IN ESSEX.—
On Friday an adjourned inquiry was resumed at the union
workhouse, Rockford town, before Mr. W. Codd, touching
the death of a labourer, named John Terry, aged 75, who was
brutally attacked and plundered by a highway robber known
by the name of James Willsmore. It appeared that the
attack was made about eleven o'clock in the morning of the
31st ult. in a bye lane between Rockford and Caw don The deceased was met by a man who inquired the time of
•
day, he pulled out his watch to tell him, and almost imme-
diately afterwards he received a severe blow
on the head with
a hoe or bill-hook. He was rendered insensible and remained
so till discovered by a passer by, when it was found that he
had been robbed of his watch, 4s. 6d., a knife, a key, and a
bag. John Patten, a police-constable, said that on the appre-
hension of Willsmore he took him to the union-house, where
the deceased lay. Deceased was then quite sensible, and on
seeing Willsmore, he remarked, " That is the man who was
with me when I was robbed." Deceased identified the watch
as being his property, he had it with him when he'was accosted
by Willsmore. Otter corroborative evidence being adduced,
the jury returned a verdict of " Wilful murder," and the pri.
toner, who is stated to be only eighteen years of age, W"
committed for trial on the capital charge.
LOLA MONTES.—The Augxburgh Gazette publishes
the following lines from Lola Montes, dated Munich, April
29 :—" Worn out with being made the mark of
.so_
infamous
secret and public malicious reports, I denounce, as inf
calumniators all who speak, write, or print evil against me
without being able to prove it."

The Royal mail steam-packet Tay, Richard Sharp com-
mander, and Lieutenant N. Percival, Admiralty agent, ar-
rived at Southampton at four o'clock on Saturday afternoon,
after an excellent passage of twenty-one days from St.
Thomas (calling at Bermuda), throughout which she expe-
rienced fine and favourable weather, with the exception of a
heavy gale on the 4th and sth inst. She brings mails of the
following dates Juan Nicaragua, March 25; Chagres,
March 28; Carthagena, March 30; Tampico, 31st ; Santa
Trinidad, April 5
Martha, April 1 ; Demerara, April 3; Vera Cruz, April 4;
Guadeloupe,l3;BarbadoesA,pArilpriil2 7;
; Grenada, April 6; Jamaica, April 7 and
;DHomavinainnah,AApril 1
13 .0
j; NassiauAandl
15; Puerto Rico, April 17; St. Dominique, April
17ac;
April 24. t
Bermuda,it e , pr
The Tay brings 76 passengers; amongst whom are Lord
and Lady Howard de Walden and the Hon. F. Ellis, from
Havannah; also part of the crew of the barque Chanticleer,
lost on Crooked Island, on her vovage from Jamaica for Lon-
don, and Lieutenant Davis, 11..Ulate Admiralty agent of the
Tweed, dangerously ill fromries received on occasion of
the wreck of that vessel.
The following is a list of the chief cabin passengers in the
Tay:—Mr. J. W. Judd, from Hayti; Alasquera, from
Laguayra ; Dr. Sinclair, from Trinidad; Dr. Quigley and
Miss Burt, from Barbadoes ; Mrs. Melville and infant and
servant, Mr. Armiendia, Mr. C Joke, Captain Watson, R.N.,
Mrs. Auld, Mr. Bahre. Mr. Cue, Mr. Henry, Mr. Antonio
Carriaga, and Mrs. Stricken. from Vera Uruz ; Lord and
Lady Howard de Walden and son and two servants, Messrs.
Sands, May, Vitals, Jansen, Bouchard, and Mrs. Mac.
kisson and three children and servant, from Havannah;
Mr. J. Ramas and five sons, and Captain Shannon, from
Chagres; Captains Henrique, Pelie, and Vabancourt,
Mr. and Mrs. Johnston, infant, and servant, Messrs. Henry,
P. M. Toro, Gahan, R.N., and P. G Idsmith. from gt.
Thomas's ; Messrs. Sparks, Cooper, and Auger, from
Demerara ; 'Messrs. De I.abenque, Bennett, and Claysan,
from Martinique ; and Messrs. Ktneday and Brown, from
Bermuda.

The Tay has a valuable freight, 500,000 dolls., and th•
same value in silver bars, both on merchants' accounts,
none, however, on account of Mexican dividends ; 60,000
dolls. gold and gold dust, 3,000 dolls. platina, 55 cases of
cigars, the large number of 553 serons of cochineal, 200
sundry packages, 70 barrels of potatoes from Bermuda, and
126 live turtle. She left at Vera Cruz on the 4th of April
her Majesty's brig Daring, steamer Hermes, frigate Alarm,
stpuner Va,uviu.% French brig Atercure, 18 ; Pylades, 18;
United States ships Ohio, 86; Raritan, 52; Potomac, 52;
John Adams, 22; Albany, 22; St. Mary's, 22; Mississippi,
10 ; Princeton, 10 ; Spitfire, 3 ; Vixen, 8. At Havannab,
April 10 :—Her Majesty's ship Vindictive, Vice. Admiral Sir
F. Austen ; French, Andromeda, 50; Admiral La Place
Noyade, 32 ' • La Rosetta, 24; La Perouse, 24; and Blonde,
20. Spanish, Soberano, 80 ; Christina, 50 ; and Juanita
schooner. At Nasau, April 12 Her Majesty's ship
Electra.

Her Majesty's troop-ship Vengeance arrived at Bermuda
on the 15th of April, with Colonel D. A. Cameron and the
first battalion of the 42d Highlanders from Malta; and on
the 24th, when the Tay sailed, her Majesty's troop-ship
Resistance arrived with the reserve battalion of the above-
named regiment, to relieve the 20th Regiment going to
Halifax.

The Royal mail steam-packet Dee was at Havannah, and
left on the morning of the 10th fur the Gulf. The Clyde was
at St. Thomas, and left on the 17th for Jamaica, and is ex.
pected to be the next ship home. The Eag,e was at St.
Thomas, and the Reindeer at Grenada. The schooner Larne
had arrived at Jamaica from La Guayra.

The Tay spoke the Danish brig o. 35, and the barque
Franklin, on the 4th of May, both outward-bound; and the
barque Bengal, on the 7th of May, 30 miles south-west of
Scilly, also outward-bound.
The West India files gives us no intelligence of importance.
Jamaica papers continue to speak of the prospect of the next
crop being greatly abundant, and that the present crops are
nearly all got in. The weather appeared to be somewhat
unsettled.

Collections were continuing in favour of the Irish, and
liberally responded to.
The session 'of the Legislature of the Bermudas was opened
on the 21st of April, by his Excellency Captain Charles
Elliott in the usual speech. Atter bearing testimony
to the acts of his predecessoiv he addressed himself particu-
larly to the subject of education and the means of promoting
its extension; stated his intention of submitting a plan for
establishing a school for engineering and general attainment
and the commencement of a mechanics' institution. He
also directed attention to the necessity of stimulating emi-
gration from Europe; proposed to construct places of refuge
for boats and small vessels; and concluded by congratulat-
ing the House on the promising appearance of the crops.
By this arrival we have news from Vera Cruz so late as
the 4th of April, and a paper called the American Eagle, dated
the 3d of April, being the first paper ever printed at Vera
Cruz. Nothing of any great importance had occurred in ad-
dition to what has already appeared in the Times. About a
third, the south, part of Vera Cruz is partially destroyed.
The persons killed and wounded, during the bombardment
of two days, were principally old men, women, and children
amounting to about 400. The Americans account their loss
at 17 killed and 32 wounded. An American force of 600
men will remain to garrison the city and castle of Vera Cruz
and General Scott, with 14,000 men, 1,500 waggons, and a
heavy train of artillery, were preparing to proceed to Jalapa
and city of Mexico.
By accounts received at Vera Cruz from the city of Mexico
to the Ist of April, when the surrender of Vera Crux was
known, we are informed that it was resolved to continue the
war, and 3,000 men had received orders to march from
Mexico, and 4,000 from San Luis Potosi. At the Puente
Nationale, a very strong position on the road to Jalapa, and
after leaving Jalapa, at La Hoja, another equally strong po-
sition, some 6-pounders had been mounted. There were only
a few regular troops at these points, but about 2,000 Indian
militia. General Canalizo had arrived at Jalapa to take the
command.

Santa Anna, who was again at the head of the Govern-
ment on the Ist of April as President, had demanded autho-
rity from Congress to raise a loan of 20,000,000 dolls. on any
terms.

When the Tay left Tampico on the 31st of March it was
occupied b}• an American force of 2,000 men, under com-
mand of Colonel Gates. The port is open for the shipment
and importation of merchandise by foreign ships, subject to
similar duties as they would be in ports in the United
States, with the additional duties named in relation to Vera
Cruz.

At Vera Cruz the shipping lay at Sacrificios, on account
of the bombardment of the town; the Americans had lost
about 27 sail, principally transports, from the effects of a
strong norther. On the 27th and 28th of March the wrecks
strewed the coast for miles.
The town and neighbourhood were occupied by about
15 000 troops, all of the most ragged description.
Bills on England were at 9 per cent. premium.
The advance of the army under General Scott were on
their way to the city of Mexico, and would probably reach
it by about the erd of April ; it was expected that no resist-
ance would be offered, and the Americans would be allowed
to enter and take quiet possession. General Taylor was ex-
pected to make a diversion on San Luis and Zacatecas
during General Scott's advance.
The ♦merican authorities had established a tariff at Vera
Cruz, on provisions, of 5 per cent. ; wines, ale, cider, and
porter, 15 per cent. ; 10 per cent. on all other importations ;
75 per cent. on spirits—all ad valorem ; and 4 cents. per lb.
on raw cotton. Regulations had just been issued for the
guidance of ships arriving, subjecting them to the same rules
adopted in American ports. As it was, the Tay came and
left at her own convenience, unmolested.
We have received by this arrival a copy of an American
newspaper already established at Vera Cruz, called the Ame-
rican Eagle. It consists of twelve columns, which are for
the present almost exclusively occupted with the returns of
killed and wounded, and the general orders of the new com-
mandant, General Scott.

The crops of sugar in Havannah were generally plentiful;
and of good quality.

THE SIEGE OF OPORTO.

OPORTO, MAY I.—The arrival of the steamer of the 29th
from Lisbon has caused a strong sensation here, as all ac-
counts agree in stating that the Queen has finally accepted
the conditions proposed by her allies, and that Colonel Wylde
is about to;visit this place for the purpose of obtaining the sub-
mission of the Junta. I fear that Colonel Wylde will be dis-
appointed, as I believe the leaders of the insurrection feel, that
though the terms of the agreement are as favourable as they
could desire, they cannot, in common prudence, accept them
without an adequate guarantee. England is acting with
good faith, and in the most friendly manner for the Queen as
well as with equity to the Junta; but what power has she
over Donna Maria's future Cabinet? and how can she pre-
vent the destruction of the popular partisans one by one
at convenient intervals? The Junta are, I hear, de-
termined, therefore, not to lay down their arms ,un-
less they receive security for the future ; and that
security, they say, consists in their being allowed
to garrison with their troops Lisbon and Oporto. Colonel
Wylde will have to aceede to these hard terms, which I pre-
sume he is not, prepared to do or to find an equivalent—a
matter of no slight difficulty. I observe, as indicative of the
predetermined obstinacy of the Junta, that all the strong
points of the lines have been recently faced with solid ma-
sonry, and I should not be surprised to see some of the
leaders shutting themselves up in this city, reckless of con-
sequences, should things turn unfavourably against them.
And then comes the difficulty of dealing with the Realists
officers, against whom the Queen has been relentless since
1834. They and their adherents are now with arms in their
hands. Will her Majesty confirm their several grades and
' trust her crown and person to Povoas and Bernardino? In
fact, I fear that the Lisbon diplomacy has been reckoning
without its host. Vererrios !
The blockading squadron have been called down to Lisbon
to strenghthen the blockade of St. Übes. The bar is now
clear, and all the outwarci.bonnd ships in the Douro are
taking advantage of it.
and in future all payments must
The joint circulation of paper andb coadien day,
h. isbe
e 200 contos in debentures,
Junta have authorised the issue of
but they have not yet ienearrdficeasre
determined to transact business "
British merchants are
with
constituted them a legal tender. The
decrees ofthe
Lisbon Government.
half paper, half cash," in accordance the
Casal occupies the left bank of the Douro near Lamego,
and gives great annoyance to the British merchants by not
permitting their wine-boats to come down the river. The
Junta allows the free transit, levying a tax of 30s. per pipe,
wTlhi
ne
edetentionfoorfmtehre
eFt
taelrc.o n sht eaavme e
justr a I
rl oe we
esi
to be repaid out of the export duty.
l
vmede
authentic intelligence to Ma
dAdY a3f.
from the camp of Marshal Saldanha. An
extraordinary delusion seems to prevail h t ere. as the Marshal
and his officers imagine that the whole affair is at an end—
that the Junta have no alternative but to lay down their
arms—and that if they refuse to do so an armed intervention
will positively take place. They assert that 4,000 Spaniards
have absolutely crossed the frontier and are to
occupy Rivas;
and that Colonel Wylde's mission is to be confined to a pe-
remptory summons to the Oporto insurgents to submit with-
out reserve, and in which case only the Spaniards are not to
act against them. In all this Saldanha forgets that the
Junta troops are much stronger than his, and that the na-
tional feeling is so decided against Spain that it is certain the
whole population will rise against an invading force. Colonel
Wylde was hourly expected at the Marshal's d- uart era.
12!a q

I can only confirm the statements I have already made
as to the feeling of the Junta here. They are determined to
resist, and, if Colonel Wylde confines his mission to a sum-
mons of surrender, it will be indignantly repelled. The in-
surgents are prepared to listen to a mediation, and to accept
the terms which have been agreed to by the Queen, but they
are resolved to do so only un4er a proper guarantee, and the
great difficulty Colonel Wylde will have to meet, should he
be willing to negotiate, must arise from that determination.
The Realistas in arms and the patulea will compel the Junta
to hold,their defensive position, even if some of the leaders who
are suspected of a desire to submit should accept the terms
offered by the Queen.
Marshal Saldanha has granted permission for several wine-
boats detained about Regoa to land their cargoes at that
place, under condition that the empty boats be then returned
to the left side of the river.

•
I forget to mention that Senhor Alipo da Silveira Pint.
has been elected Judge Conservator of Oporto.
The blockading squadron are again off the bar.— Times.

THE WEATHER.—SuN OFFICE, MAY 10.
TuzaviomETEß, Lowest, 49 ; Highest, 63 ; Noon, 65.

BAROMETER, 29 88.—WIND S.S.W.; fine.