The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-23 00:00:00

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NEAMERICA AND THE AMERICANS.
R. BUCKINGHAM'S NEW COURSE
of LECTURES on AMERICA and the AMERI-
TUTION, 1
`'"NS, at the CITY OF LONDOTERARY INSTI-
65Aldersgatc-strect, Non MONDAY EVENINGS,
at Eight ; and .at the AIARYLEBONE LITERARY IN-
STITUTION, 17, Edward's-street, Portman-square, on
FltrioaY EVENINGS, at Half-past Eight.
Tickets, 2s. each, to be had at the Rooms. Course Tickets
ared ced prices,

THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN.
UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS.
THIS EVENING. JAN. 23.
Will be repeated Shakapere's
MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM.
Theseus. Mr. Cooper ; Quince, Mr. Bartley ; Bottom, Mr.
Harley ; Flute, .111 r. Keeley ; Snout, Mr. Meadows ; Snug,
Mr. F. Matthews ; Herinia, Mrs. Niibett ; Oberon, Madame
Vestris ; Titania, Mrs. W. Lacy ; Puck, Miss Marshall; First
Fairy, Miss Rainforth.

After which,
The NEW GRAND CHRISTMAS
.PANTOMIME will be
peated, e
THE CASTLE OFreOTßANTO;entitld OR, HARLEQUIN
AND THE GIANT HELMET.
Harlequin, Mi. C. J. Smith ; Clown, Mr. T. Ridgway ;
Pantaloon, Mr. Morelli ; Columbine, Miss Fairbrother.
~.On Monday, the Midsummer Night's Dream, with The
New Pantomime.:
roors to he opened at half-past Six—the performances to
commence at Seven o'Clock.
Tickets and ?left t 3 for the Bout to be taken of Mr. Gropn,
at the Box_office.; from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets
%lay be had aporrapplication.
eirDeiecs7sl3,:m; es, 7s. ,• Second Price, 3s. 6d.; First and Second
Seeond Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 3s. ; Second Price,
ti• ; Gallery, Is.
161rivate Boxceto be had so'eiy of Mr. Ands ews, bookseller
New ISond-qtreet.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Triumphant again ! Overwhelming Success of Ainsworth's
Tower of London. Nightly overflows. Upwards of 57,000
Persons have already witnessed the best Pantomime in
London.

Will THIS EVENING, JAN. 23,
be acted a: Grand Historical Romance, founded on and
entitled
THE TOWER OF LONDON.
The Tableaaa Virans, splendid Costume, and Appointments,
from the Designs of tha celebrated George Crnikshanks.
After which will be repeated the Grand Traditionary Pantomime,
entitled
HARLEQUIN ;AND MY LADY LEE ; R, GOOSEY
GANDER AND, THE SPELLBOUND GOSLINGS.
In which the udrivalled Artiste?, the Boleno Family; Mr.
Southby, the Ortinal Closn ; Miss Sharpe, Columbine ; and
the astonishing Gfrpnastique, Signior Felix Carlo, from Fran..
coni's, at Paris,.will perform : concluding with Brunning's
Grand Dioramie Synopsis of Syria.

PRINCESS' fHEATRE,
LAST WEEK OF THE SEASON.
Tkis splendid Theatre is OPEN EVERY EVENING with
PROMENADE CONCERTS,
Under the Direction of Mr. WILLY.
=THIS EVENING, JAN. 23.—PROGRAMME.
Orerture FART FIRST.
an—Mzarte.
quadrilfe—L
Carillonneur—Dufrene.
Vatz—Die Abenteurer—Lanner.
I)yrrture---Laxiancoe—Auber.
Ne le
IS:olo o
ion w the Flageolet by Mr. Champion.
ct from the Mountain Sylph—Barnett.
everture— Tane di—llorAsslniTc.ECOND.
Vilu_a,drille—Vendreetta—Tolbecque.
litz--Der Peen Welt—Labitzky.
kirand Selection from Acis and Galatea—Handel.
pPrutnenade,ls.—Dte% Circle, 2s.—Upper Boxes, ls. 6d.
I
gozrivmate Boxes, 1/. ls.and 10s. 6d. each, may be had at the
Al-;°ce, and of Mr. Mitchell, Old Bond-street.
p WILLY begs respectfully to announce that his BENE-
JT will take place on MONDAY, JAN. 25, being the LAST
of h

kornin . WAT r,ER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS jA Y.
after 2 I Evening 4 minutes alter 2.

}f-. K`•. `•f _ T.Fi3~

,;*

cc--L;;r)
.

LONDON:
SATURDAY, JANUARY 23, IE4I.

Walsall'
are told in
private communications from
41411, that Mr. SMITH'S prospects are improving
,
,„ °ay. The enthusiasm of the people has been
—ll3ed by the numerous addresses sent to them from
all Parts of the coUntiy, and by the spirited appeals
/liell have been made to them. They feel that a
great cause depends on their votes, and casting aside
1111 minor considerations they are prepared to make
4°7 sacrifices which may be demanded of them to
at:saute success: The Carlton Club foresees defeat,
a--4 begins to regret that it has not offered to the
-eeePtance of the electors some man of more weight
4cni of betted. known liberality as to trade than Mr.
l'xctosToNE,
ha r. Suttn, who has started on the Anti-Corn-
-I",w interest,', is a gentleman well known to the pub-
anti-Ile has been from the first Chairman of the
wCorn-law League. He succeeded Mr. G.
°
413 as President of the Chamber of Commerce
that Manchester. The men of Walsall may be sure
plat he was not nominated to these two important
re.e,e3 b 7 his townsmen without possessing great
--rit• In fact the memoir of the Chamber of Corn-
ketee an the currency, and which was chiefly his
of ueti°N. and his evidence before the Committee
teener of
of Commons, prove that is a great
of economical science, and that any consti-
:„e.neY in election, him, even were he not distin-
"shed as the representative of one of the noblest
causes in which suffering humanity ever struggled
114gai,n8t an odious and sordid tyranny, would confer
11111 nononr on itself.
.00 account of his acquire-
enta) he is a most an appropriate Member for any
theretile or manufacturing
community, and should
pre.eboice of the electors fall on him, they will be
4 118 ed, and we hope feasted and honoured through-
In the
country,
r,lllB opponent was never before heard of.
The
itatiton Club, we are assured, is now sensible
that
3ufthas insulted the electors, by offering for their
iv. rages, and for the highest honour which a corn-
feu:city Can
confer on an individual, a youth per-
tet:nisYthliu who has no other claim on any
icinkenymytnh'an that his brother is a Protes-
val l'apist, and his father a church-building sugar
nter and slave master. Not one deel has he
r done torecommend himself to the high honour
borne ePresenting Walsall. His name, except as it is
by two very notorious relatives, is unknown;
and to el him, :
when there are so many well-
,. " Tories in existence, ready to serve their
-Aintry .
%tact ' (1, in these times be a disgrace to any
pla42,ll.encY, and particularly to a constituency
the like Walsall, in the front of the great fight for
Itaoiton of the bread-tax.
hoe 13 because the Tories despair of Walsall, and
be.: great doubts o
14 f Canterbury, that their journals
Borst (s 1
"re Proach the ten-pound electors as the
it~Set of Englishmen in existence."
411t1 They are
--fOr joining in the base and sordid .cry

If S

,

_
"

MORNING E DITION

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
All that " An Inhabitant of Wellington-street" states re-
specting the nuisance of which he complains is probably
quite true, but it is sometimes dangerous to state the
truth. The parish authorities and the owners of pro-
perty in that quarter should consult together on the
subject. • *let

• for cheap bread. They are even denominated the
most irreligious part of the population, because it is
suspected that the electors of Walsall will not re-
turn a Tory. As long as the people submit to be
the slaves of the Tories, they arc praised as honest
and religious men ; but when they exhibit a sense
of independence and a love Of justice, they are de-
nounced as immoral and irreligious. Naturally
the Tories hate the people, and hate every exhibi-
tion of popular power. They are tyrants by Divine
right ; and though necessity sometimes so far dic-
tates their conduct as to compel them to speak the
people fair, they take every opportunity of exhibit-
ing their contempt and hatred. For any popular
constituency to vote for a Tory, is to vote for an
enemy—to vote for an oppressor—to vote for a ty-
rant, and to vote for " chains and slavery," as
well as dear bread and little employment.
To make out a case for themselves the Tories
harp on the dictation of the Anti-Corn-law

League, and sneeringly ask if the men of Walsa

will suffer the League to dictate whom they shall
elect ? The Leaaue, however, has only recom-
mended ; it has given advice ; it has joined the
bulk of the town constituencies of England ; it
has, in conjunction with the starving weavers, im-
plored and supplicated the Walsall electors to
choose a bread-tax repealer; it has, with the ma-
jority of the people, appealed to the Walsall men

peacefully to relieve the nation from a most grind-
ing tyranny. The Tories call this dictation I We
can conceive nothing more honourable, more en-
nobling, than such an appeal and supplication. A
great nation asks the electors of Walsall to give a
just, honest, and enlightened vote. The Tories
would bribe or browbeat them into giving a dis-
honest vote. Between these two we cannot doubt,
but that the men of Walsall will make a right
choice.

B4orc we leave the subjecCof elections, we must,
remind the electors of Canttibury that almost as
much is now in their power as in the power ©f `the
electors of Walsall. The coptest is not in words
between a bread-tax and an ;anti-bread-tax candi-
date at Canterbury, but it is-ti fact. ty the nc
of their position the Whigs must bcconic,re--
pealers, while the Tories will remain bread.taxers;
and for the electors of Caisiterbuty to return Mr.
YTII E, IS to vote for the continuance of the bread-

tax. Though they do not. suffer equally -tij the
manufacturers, they must be cianvinced, the state
of the rural population in their r4Fghbotirboajoiid
throughout Kent, that the Corti:ihw is a'tPeadrul
curse to the country, and tliv, we are sure, will
never vote, by electing Mr. SMYTHE, for_starvirig
the old, the feeble, and the helpless. It is tpually
reckoned the height of barbarity in savages
their infants and their aged geople, but that bar-
barity is daily practised by the'', Corn-law, and will
be sanctioned by the electors Of Canterbury if they
vote for Mr. SMYTHE.

To the electors of Kirkakly we must say, that
we highly honour their independent spirit in resolv-
ing to choose for themselves. It is an excellent

sign when they refuse to be handed over from uncle

,o nephew. We wish every constituency in the

empire would in like manner think and act for
itself, and would, as the :ICirkaldy Burghs pro-
pose, choose the most:worthy man they can find as
their representative. At the same time we revere
those old attachments founded on mutual and reci-
procal knowledge, which sometimes connect a par-
ticular district with one family. If a member of such
a family should possess the requisite qualification,
should be a staunch Corn-law repealer, ready to
pledge himself to the total and immediate repeal,
and should be a proper Jerson to represent the
burgh, it would bat alike geourable, we think, to
him and the constitulk? Trprefer him to a stran-

ger. But the Kirkaldy constituency have begun
independently, and will end, we have no doubt,

wisely. Either Colonel FERGUSON or Dr. Bow-
RING would serve the good cause, and the honest

electors of the united Burghs 'of Kirkaldy have only
to take care and return one or the other, and keep
out a bread-taxer.

The state of the public revenue, the onerous im-
posts on sugar, coffee, timber, &c., which affect all
classes, the valuable information which has recently
been collected on these subjects by the inquiries of
the Import Duties Committee, all indicate that the
approaching Session will be one of arduous discus-
sion on our fiscal regulations. Certainly those sub-
jects cannot be too soon, nor too earnestly, nor too

frequently brought under the notice of Parliament.
Not only are our people suffering great poverty and
great misery, which have a tendency to perpetuate
themselves and cause a great deterioration and de-
moralization of the community, requiring us to re-
lieve them, but other nations are preparing to revise
their tariffs, and their conduct may be much influ-
enced by that of our Legislature. In the next Ses-
sion of Congress the Atnerican tariff will be revised,
our commercial treaty With the Brazils touches its
termination, and the German League will speedily
modify its regulations. We,would ask nothing of
these States, but we would take the earliest oppor-
tunity to set them a good example, and by freely
letting in their produce, such as corn, timber, su-
gar, and coffee, encourage them to act on the same
liberal and just policy.::. By setting trade free the
Legislature would confer an immeasurable benefit
on our own artisans, r(nd would make an ally and
friend of every nation with which our trade was ex-
tended. The approaching Session, under this aspect,
may be very important, and may have a very great
influence on the future' fate of our trade and the con-
tentment of our people.
An influential portion of the public shares our
sentiments. At a gerteral meeting of the Chamber
of Commerce of Edinburgh, held on 'Wednesday
last, Mr. MITCHELL moved that the Chamber
petition Parliament to adopt the remission and al-
teration of the import duties, recommended by the
Committee of the Muse of Commons. To this
motion the Chamber agreed, and a Committee was
appointed to draw up a petition. That is the first
step, which will be followed, we have no doubt, by
all the sea-ports and manufacturing towns of the
empire. Notwithstanding the prodigious improve-
ment made by steam navigation, the rapid increase
of our population, and the continual extension
of their skill and knowledge—notwithstand-
ing the multiplication of our colonies, and

the extension of our empire, its trade and
wealth have not made a corresponding progress.
Nature, by implanting in every individual a desire
to improve his condition, has provided for the per
petual improvement and perpetual extension of na-
tions ; and if our country does not now rapidly in-
crease in wealth and prosperity, it must be owing to
a mischievous system of fiscal regulation. In ge-
neral men are agreed that such is the case. No
persons speak in favour of our banking regulations,
our customs dutics, and our excise laws. They arc
all condemned. But, with a supineness and
cowardice we can scarcely understand, the princely-,
merchants of London, Liverpool, and Glasgow, who.
used to take the lead in promoting fiscal improve-
ments, to whose admirable exertions the country is
mainly inch. !nut for the alterations made by Mr.
HUSKISSON, and by Mr., now Lord WALLACE,
and for opening the, trade to
India and China, now
hang back, and no tn' ore trouble themselves about our
fiscal reguk!tions titan if they were only ruining the
inhabitants of Otaheite or the Moon. We are in-
clined to hope, however, now that the Chamber of
Commerce of Edinburgh have set the example, that
the'otber great cities of the empire will be shained

-"

~Y'_

out.of their inaction, and will be compelled to int(r
fere to save themselves and their country from dis

I .
tress and ruin.
If our merchants allow the Chartists and Re-
pealers to monopolise politics, the world will soon
forget that the merchants exist, except as mere
tricksters, and they will fall to the rank of the
ancient pedlars. Mere buying and selling is not a
very honourable employment, unless connected with
the more worthy pursuits which dignify the citizens
of a free State. At present, too, trade has ceased to
be mere buying and selling, .and has assumed the
character of ga.nbling. The rapid fortunes made
and lost on the Stock Exchange have infected the
commercial community, and tinctured it with the
reckless attributes of agamester. It has ceased to rely
on steady industry for success, and wor,hips chance.
The onward march of improvement has become,
therefore, to it, of comparatively little consequence,
and the once princely merchants of London,
Liverpool, &c., who formerly almost gave laws to
the empire, have become of less political weight in

the community than their own servants. This is
not right. If our opulent merchants wish to re-
' cover their lost ground, they will bestir themselves
and demand a revision of our fiscal code. They
must not be afraid of doing right because the
Chartists are doing what they think is wrong.
Their negligence and supineness only encourage
others ; and demagogues would melt into insig-
nificance if our merchants took the lead, as be-
' comes them, in demanding fiscal reform.
Soine of them, we are aware, have interests
adverse to those of the people. Some have
mortgages on sugar estates, others are owners of
rotten ships, which can only be employed bring-
ing timber from Canada ; others, again,
profit by sending coffee from the Brazils
to the Cape of Good Hope, and then importing it
into England as the growth of our colony. But
the small number who profit by the vexatious im-
posts on timber, sugar, and coffee, should not be
allowed to influence, and so degrade, the whole
body ; for the bulk of the discriminating duties
are most mischievous, and they ought, in
spite of the interested few, to bestir them-
selves, and redeem the character of the
mercantile classes. The landlords have earned
for themselves a most unenviable hatred, which
the opulent classes of towns will soon come to
share, and will deserve it, if they do not inter-
fere. But we cannot believe, now that Edinburgh
has set the example, and now that the injurious
character of our fiscal regulations has bee❑ so
clearly demonstrated, that the merchants of Lon-
don, Liverpool, &c., will, by silent acquiescence,
sanction the continuance of the present system.

We have received the Paris Journals of Wed-
ncsday, together with Tuesday's Papers, which,
had the weather been favourable, would have reached
us yesterday. M. HUMANN'S project of law on
the Budget, which was presented to the Chamber
of Deputies on Monday, and which will be found
in our report of the proceedings of the Chamber of
Deputies in another part of The Sun, has opened
the eyes of several of the Deputies to the real mis-
chief of the war policy, and to the immense lore
which France must sustain by persisting in main-
taining what she calls an armed peace. The amount
of credits required by the Finance. Minister is five

hundred and thirty-four millions of francs, being
eighty-four millions more than .the proposed loan ;
but so enormous will be the expense of fortifying
Paris, and so great the outlay required by the war
policy, that the Government will be compelled to
withdraw one-half from the amount annually ex-
pended on roads and bridges, and for a period of
eight years to come no new public work whatever
can be ilndertaken. More money will be uselessly
sunk in the morasses round Paris, to restore to us a
worthless relic of the feudal ages, than would suffice
under proper management to cover France with
railroads, and give such other aids to commercial
and agricultural industry as would in seven years
increase her prosperity more than the whole period

nce the restoration of the Bourbons. Now the
Goverrinaent which assumes the right of doing every
thing in France, declares that before the expiration
of the year 1848 it can do nothing to improve the
state of internal communication. Why in less than
eight years the progress of steam shall have revo-
lutionized Europe, and France with her forth-red
capital, after the example of a frontier town in the
thirteenth century, may as well go back to the
social habits of that period as to dream of remain-
ing so long stationary. Such, however, is the
glorious prospect which her armed peace policy
holds out to her.

The Treaty concluded between France and the
Argentine Republic, first denounced by M.
THIERS' organs, is seized by the Ministerial to
cover with obloquy the THIERS Administration,
from whom Admiral MACKAu had his instructions.
Upon this question the Opposition Press evince a
singular absence of both tact and memory. Their
blows have recoiled upon themselves. In endeavouring
to get out of this scrape, the Constitutionnel of
Tuesday has the following defence of the late Go-
vernment :

" The instructions given to Admiral Mackau signified
that he was to demand two things—indemnity for the
French who had been injured, and the same treatment for
French subjects as that which was shown towards the most
favoured nations. As to the Allies of the French, Admiral
Mackau had orders to, inform them he was negotiating
with Rosas, and to include them in the Treaty if they
consented to his doing so. The instructions laid down
only these three bases, and the Chamber approved (..f
them. We have new to look at the Treaty concluded
by Admiral Mackau. The fundamental conditions dic-
tated to him by the Minister are contained in it; but
the drawing up of the Treaty is his own, and the spirit
of the instructions is in fact compromised by the form.
This is our opinion, and it is also that of the Conservative
journals, which make of this Treaty a ground of accusation
against the Cabinet of the let of March; but if they find
that the Treaty does not sufficiently enter into the spirit of
the instructions which M. 'lhiers had given in conformity
with his engagements to the Chambers, let those journals
employ their inilucnce with the present Ministry to induce
it to refuse its ratification. As to the Cabinet of the Ist
of March, it will be easy for it to prove that the instructions
which it gave were neither more nor less than what it had
said in the Chamber, and which there met with approba-
tion."

The Ministry, it appears from the Courtier
Francais, will ratify the Treaty, leaving whatever
credit may result from it to their predecessors.
This journal insists, that by ratifying the Treaty,
M. GuizoT assumes the odium of it, and that
M. THIERS is to be held immaculate. The same

journal bears the following direct testimony to our
repeated observations on the bad state of things
necessarily engendered by the French system of
colonization in Africa :

" Marshal Vallee is to leave Algiers on his return to
France this day. Notwithstanding the flattering assur-
ances of pacification which have been given through certain
interested publications, it appears that our affairs in
Africa arc more embroiled than ever. Abd-ol.liadcr,
who bas been sup pused to be completely subdued, bas or-
dered-a levy of one man out of every two men of all the
tribes under his domination, and he intends to open a new
campaign in the spring with 10,000 cavalry, as regular as
his cavalry can be, and 5,000 disciplined infantry.
The Governrreht is further said to have received an appli-
cation for an immediate reinform:ment of 12,000 r,un-
-4.00 of Vi horn arc for the province of Oran, which
will, it is believed, be the first object of the enemy's at•
tack. It is reported that the departure of General Bu-
geaud is fixed. for the 28th instant."
Here, after ten years' fighting—ten yens of con-
tinual victories on the part of France, if we may
credit the telegraphic despatches, we find the
Fretich provinces as exposed to invasion as they were
the first day of their occupatiOn. This is The fault
of the Government which allows nothing to be ac-
complished by associations of private • individuals.
It must have a finger in every man's pie. If the
Government of France leave a man a spoon, it in-
,i%;ts-on prescribing the way in which he is to carry
it to his mouth. •
The following extracts from the Journals of

14;104 •Aai
s,t4 :Ake.„4