The Sun.
London, England, 1824-09-13 00:00:00

STATE OF MEXICO.

We have received a file -of-the Mexican paper
called El Sul, from the beginning*. of June to the Bth of July,
and though they contain nothing that can be properly styled
events beyond what has nut already appeared in our columns,
they still possess considerable interest to those who desire to-be-
come more intimately acquainted with the state of Metrico than
a detached proclamation, or the narrative of an isolated fact,
can make them. From a series of journals embracing articles
on almost every topic of a publie nature-:-debates in congress—
dispatches from civil and military officers in the provinces—
occurrences, civil, .military and political, in the capital—ones.
dotes of character—letters from correspondents—and "other
things too tedious to be enumerated, we learn a great deal
more than we could do from a Tingle piece of news, however de-
cisive or characteristic. Such n source of information has some-
thing like the veriety of general life ; and while it supplies to a
considerable extent the want of an actual inspection of a country,
enables us to correct mistakes by comparing reports with results,
and lays the foundation of more sure and accurate knowledge
than coal be obtained from a selection of official documents or
interesting occurrences. We may therefore be excused for lay-
ing before our readers a few observations suggested by a peru-
sal of these papers ;. engaging that whatever picture they pre-
sent of the state of the new Republic, they are faithfully and
impartially drawn front the materials supplied by its own
writers.—( Timm )

POLITICAL STATE.

It is well known that the vast country, which was two years
ago the empire, and which. is now the federal Republic of
Alexico is composed of the provinces, which, under the Spa-
nish .colonial system, composed the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
These provinces, formerly called. Intenilencies, are now, for the
most part, erected into Independent States. Each of these
states has its Congress of Deputies—ita Governor or Political
Chief—its local tuxes—its military force, and its military com-
mander; and they are all connected by a federal union with a
general or national Congress and general Executive. These
separate States, like those of North America, are of very un-
equal importance, power, and resources, some of them rivalling
in extent, if not in population. considerable kingdoms of the
Old World. The provinces of Guadulaxara and Guanaxata,
from the greatness of their population and the richness of their
mines, consider themselves on a level with that in which the
capital is situated. It is almost needless to mention, that before
the commencement of the Peninsular war, all the dozen of pro-
vinces or inteadencies into which this great country, inhabited
by seven millions of people, was divided, were subject to the
_woe colonial bondage ; and that from 1810 to 1020, they were
all harassed by the same fectious divisions and intestine guar-
rels. In the summer of the latter year, the country was finally
(lettered independent of Spain, end united under Tturbiac, who
was *vial Emperor. The power which this man aceuired,
for some time exercised, he could not maintain ogattilit public
distrust, and the conflict claims of rival chiefs. lint before he
left the Mexican territory in the beginning of .1023, he had
made himself friends among a considerable number:Of' bflieeiee
of the armyeand created is considerable prejudke in ilia faveur.
in one or two of the provinces. The general Congress and
National Executive, with succeeded to the separate portions of
his divided sway, soon felt the influence of this recollection",
ageprating the natural causes of disunion which butt their
origin in the rival pretensions or separate interests 'of the dire
ferent states The rich and populous province or; suite of
Gua
dalexara, where a local Insurrection has lately been. sub-
duet! by the arms of the general Government, has, ever since
the uhtlication of Iturbidee been the scene of plots and mashie
nations of his friends. From a report on the state of the
country, read to Congress on the 11th of June, by the Minister
of %Vine it appears that for more than a year the Governor of
that state Quintunar, and the Military Commander, Busto•
mente, IQ been lomentieg jealousies against the supreme
Government, favouring schemes. of independence, promoting
the views and countenuncing the friends of the Ex-Emperor.
The Governor especially hail left little doubt on his intentions
respecting Iturbide, and none at all respecting his hostility to
the federal union. lie had promoted to command, Garcia,* a
relative and partisan of the lax-Emperor, against the wishes,
and even after the interference of the general Government ; and
he had placed in the ranks of the provincial army rt German,
Baron, of the name of Rosemberg, who had supported liar.
bide to the last and was commanded to leave the Mexican
dominions after his patron's abdication. Cries of " Long live
the Emperor !" had been heard in thecapitalot diet provincenind
were rather encouraged than suppressed or punished by tile local'
Governmer t. This conduct betrayed evident sytnptonis at up.
poaching rebellion, and the Federal Executive could neither be
ignorant of the danger nor delay the necessary measures to avert ite
—Accordingly, about the time that Iturbide was leavitiohe
shores of I.Mgland, an expedition was prepared in MexicO, iles•
tined to crush his hopes of success an the province where hie
friends most abounded. The Governor and Military nein-
mender of the Styte of GuadalaPra (9r, according to the new
nomenclature, Jalisco) endeavoured to • ratty their provincial
forces against Gen. Bravo, at the head of a federal army, but
were deserted by their partisans, and are now prisoners of war,
lesstarperis,udent and more adventumfie friends of the ex-
Emperor, tlie
per or, ;
hope of the insurriete°63oentisib—efiga'vealfidalleanfel
t traitors. The result le,' that' the whole .of
and a large tract of western wait, hiss 4/trieorettei—dtloief forlorn
hope been shot a
this extensive province, possessing an important -
sea-port,
rattan edproei inn elle: less
there tl'an
app tteres wseks.
be abeelglrine aOtet°ldellegaOulre ohtflocai civil
disorder, and robbery,
confusion—an abundance of violence,
but no civil war—no organized force of rebellion—.no s ett letL
plan of insurrection against the Government, inspired by,
any general feeling of oppesithlin,h'tt,odaistet'ednbertiatal union
fc4l taunry2
domibide,nions
ht e
s e therefore,his
st
hostility
sncwfoaleuinxal
infant
pvugceirrauelarpia relaa
attivoonrf the Ilexican : little alasni.
general desire of a change.
oTnihieniolinres
Theo protectedfriendswht e aulife-1
nursedlaita'voepen l
elevated standard of his incipient rebellion, arc !low dead,
either by the sword or on tit ff Id
e see. o Meanwhile, the Exe-
cutive seems to be proceeding with great energy, temper, and
moderation in the settlement of the nation. General Bravo,
one of its members, had taken the command of the anny des-
tined to combat the enemies of the Union in Guadalaxara ; and
General Victoria, another of them, had arrived on the I tith of
June at the capital, where he was received with testimonies of
general satisfaction, both from the Legislative Body and the
inhabitants'. and resumed the fuoctions of EN office as a Mem-
ber of the Executive Government. The two instigators of' dis-
affection in Guadalaxera were ty be tried by the laws of the
country for disobedience of orders; and the conspirators con-
victed of sprevious plot had been sent off' to. the coast on the
lath of June, 'that they might be deported from the Mexican
territory in 'an English ship which awaited them. Several of
the reports ire:minted to the ExeCutive by the governors
of the different peovinces are published in the file Of papers
before Mt, and manifest the best spirit in'the writers while they
give the most satisfactory account of their charge. The Consti-
tuent Congress sitting in Mexico pursues its labours with great
perseverance, and diseusse's the eariotie subjects brought before
it with great temperance.; The journal before tts furnishes
every day a portion of its proceedings, and gives the names of
the member* who votelor or against on important questions.
It cannot be supposed that the tnhabitante of this vast republic,
spread as they are over so.immense a space, and composed as
they are of so many different races and casts—often with hostile
feeling and jaring interests—without the possession of that po-
litical knowledge which gives to political vigilance all its value,
and leads to the formation of public opinion as a check upon
power—without experience in public business, or the habit of
exercising political rights—and without those intimate social
relations or rapid maansof.coummuic4ien which enable a great
community to act in concert-=it Cannot be supposed, •we say,
that such is people are prepared for appreciating or, maintaining
free institutions like their republican brethren of the northe
—lndeed, the rapid changes from a colony to an empire, and
from an empire to a fedell republic which we have witnessed
within the last four yeas, are sufficient indications that the
great body of the people have either been passive instrument of
authority, or have acted on no fixed pririciples of esoliey.—
That the constitution •• of a federal republic, composed of a nu-
merous body or subordttrate but independent states, each jealous
of the other, and all from encroachments from the- general
Government, seemes'a machine too 'delicate and complicated for
the people of Mexico; may he allowed, but as yet we see no.,
symptoms of decay or dissolution. The only serious danger
to which it was Immediately exposed has been dissipated.—
The Government and Congress of each state seems to be con.
ducting themselves with great prudence and modentEion ; and
itbove all, the General or Federal .ConeeeSs displays 'great
temper, justice, and good sense. In discussions on the !bar..
cial Situation of the country, is proposition was favourably en.
tertnined to pay the debt contracted on account of Mexico when
it carts n Spanish colony. Would the legitimate Ferdinand
have conceived such magnanimity ? But whatever may be
thought of the stability of the . present system of sway for
Mexico.. there can be no apprehension that it will ever again
be brought under the Spanish colonial yoke. We See in the
papers before us indications of 'considerable differences •of
opinion respeetingtee kind of government best adapted to dint
country ; but no men dares propose that of Ferdinand Vii.
Indeed, the epithet Bathnieta:, dr friend* of the Bourbons, is
so odious, that when one party or one individual gets' angry'
with an opponent, they have recourse to it as their uner.:
ring means of provocation and insult. The . following
account eif the -state of 'the castle of St. John de•Ulloft
shows the amount of !force which still holds out for
Ferdinand in the immense territory of Mexico:-..' At the end
of May sonic prisoners escaped from that fortress, and relates!
that the garrison there consisted of 100 infantry, and 201

lery men, and GO miners. They had had 185 men sick hi hos-
pital, and the mortality was spreading,—but was stopped by
the arrival of a vessel with fresh provisions."

POLICE, 1(01111ERI, &C.
, These papers afford a very unfavourable view of the internal
order of the Republic. From the long continuance of civil dissen-
sions, and the predatory habits acquired by the different bodies
of insurgents, robberies are common on the highways, and tray
yelling very insecure at the lea§t distance from the capital. The
high road between Santa Cruz and Mexico is particularly in-
fested. It will be recollected, that the American Consul was
pillaged of his baggage in this -route ; and we observe in the
paper of July 2, that Gomez, the celebrated free-hooter, has
committed another robbery on one of our countrymen. It would
appear that Mr. O'Gorman, the brother of the English Consul,
was employed to convoy a quantity of quicksilver from the
coast to the interior, and that he was released from his com-
mission earlier than he expected, by this Vincente Gomez.
The same gentleman O'Gorman, is stated by the Journal to
have been employed in negociating the last Mexican loan for
the contractors in London; and the Journalist adds, with
great naivete, " Is it not a disgrace that an assassin like Vin-
cente should compromise the credit of a whole nation ?" Even
the best Mexican patriots, like the best Irish ones, are com-
pelled to admit the general existence of these disorders. A
writer in the -Sol, ascribes the difference of public credit be-
tween Colombia and Mexico, to the insecurity of property in
the latter republic.

ht ISC ELLA N F.O U S.
It has been objected to the revolutionists of Europe, that
when they throw off their respect for the throne, they lose like-
wise their reverence for the altar. Such a reproach cannot be
addressed to the Republicans of Mexico. They are still as su-
perstitions and bigotted Catholics as the most legitimate poten-
tate would wish to make them. We find, for instance, in the
paper or'July- 4, that there had been solemn rejoicings tin. three
days for the elevation of the present Pope to the chair of Saint
Peter. All the 'Authorities and Corporations; vent in proces-
sion the first.day to the Cathedral, which was brilliantly illumi-
nated. biulvos of artillery announced the great event, and in the
evening there were' general illuiirinations. " Thus,", addsthe
journalist; " Mexico manifested her religious feeling& and re-
aspect fur the head of the Church." N 9 such rejoicings took
Elace on the same occasion in the most Catholic capitals of
urope. Unfortimately, in Europe religion is too often placed
like the flaming .swords on the walls of. Paradise, to warn off
the .people fronr`the tree of knowledge. Not so in Mexico,
where the Ctingeeis is providing that general education shall go
hand-in-hand with religious instruction. Thereltre printing-
presses-established, arid a journal or two published, in most of
the provinces of the Union. No better evidence could be given
of the general activity of the public mind, of the taste for various
kinds of jnfortnation, and of the good sense and ability with
which public matters are treated, thin the pages of the journal
now before tut. The reflections of the Editor are frequently
judicious and well expressed, and the communications of his
correspondents are amusing and instructive. We observe among
theth Many interesting observations on,the mines and the mode
of 'working then, the substance of which we should have laid.
befOre our reedets, had not this•article alreatly,extended to too
great a length.