The Sun.
London, England, 1847-02-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 20, 1847.

teed with the Bill for the improvement of landed
estates in Ireland. We do trot regret this proposed
interval, occasioned by the necessity which exists for
progressing with the estimates and other important
business—first, because the measure we have men-
tioned will be, of all the others intended to be brought
forward by the Government, the most important one
of the current session, the poor-law not even excepted;
for the principle of a poor-law is already established
in Ireland, and it is only the due extension of its
principle that is now in the contemplation of the
Ministry ; and, next, because it is desirable that, by
the opportunity for adequate reflection, the measure
for bettering the condition of landed property in that
•ountry should be shaped, in the first instance, with as
near an approach to perfection as, regard being had to
the difficult nature of the subject, can reasonably be
expected.
We adverted yesterday to the question of the size
of the farms which are to be carved out of the waste
lands, when reclaimed, and exposed the inexpediency
of attempting to fix a maximum, particularly of the
limited dimensions of fifty acres. The nature of the
tenure to be granted is the next question for serious
deliberation, being of prominent and essential im-
portance. The uncertainty of tenure, coupled with
there being no claim recognised by law to compensa-
tion on the part of tenants, no matter how much
they may have improved the lands they have
occupied, have avowedly constituted the chief draw-
backs upon the, progress of agriculture. Wherever
the Ulster tenant right has prevailed—which
is a custom that obtains in Ulster alone, and through
the greater part of that province, and by which the
tenant is entitled, under what is termed "good will,"
to full remuneration for any durable benefit he may
have conferred upon his proprietor's estate—the social
condition of the people appears to greater advantage
than in any other- portion of Ireland. Peace and
good order have been found to be the happy results
of an adherence to the principles of justice and equity.
With these facts before them, the Ministers will do
well to recommend a law which shall operate uniformly
throughout Ireland, in accordance with the spirit of the
custom the influence of which has been productive of
such singular benefit in the northern district. Were
any argument wanting to confirm the evils arising
from the absence generally of vested interests on the
part of the farmers, it is furnished by the fact that,
as a body, they are at this moment possessed of a
large amount of money in the savings' bank. This
capital would, doubtless, have been cheerfully -em-
ployed in effecting desirable improvements. in their
several holdings, had they been permitted to enjoy a
tenure of sufficient duration to Pronalte", a profitable
return for the outlay. For the future, then,
the Government will necessarily be provident Of
giving to the farmers such an interest ;in the lands
they undertake to cultivate as to induce them to
apply their surplus moneys towards stimulating and
augmenting`the produce of their possessions. To this
end, the system of tenure must be either freehold or
leasehold, comprising a long term of years. To
those who may be desirous of becoming proprietors,
and who,. in-addition to the purchase-money, have
sufficient to employ people in reclaiming the land,
the Government should readily part with the free-
hold, but, din general rule, the principle of the Go-
vernment.should be in favour of the leasehold tenure,
because it appears, to be better calculated than the
freehold to ensure a greater. quantity of surplus pro-
duce, after liquidating all farm expenses. Men always
act up to the exigencies of their position. Where the
tenant-farmer-has a reasonable rent to pay, the first
care of himself and his family is to have the amount
forthcoming at the proper time, after covering the
expenses of maintaining his dependents in
comfort suitable- to his position in life. To-
accomplish this, industry and domestic economy
are exerted and consulted to the utmost by the occu-
pier and his progeny; their ingenuity is taxed to
increase the fertility of the soil in every possible man-
ner; and thus the general good of the community is
better promoted by the tenant-farmers than by the
class of small freehold proprietors, who have not the
same stringent inducements to exertion. They are
not so frugal in their habits; and where waste is not
restricted by powerful motives for economy, the re-
sult is prejudicial in a twofold way—first, the land
is not so well cultivated as it might be, and next,
whatever be its produce, it is disposed of in a prodigal
manner.

We learn from Stuttgard that the Chamber of Wur-
temberg, having voted the execution of railways to the
amount of 36,960,000 F., the Minister of Finance pro-
posed to the Chamber of Deputies to issue paper money
to that extent. The Chamber on the 12th rejected the
Bill by.4B rotes to 40. The Government, in conse-
quence, will have recourse to a loan to carry out the in•
tended works.

Madrid journals of the 12th have arrived.

On that day the QUEEN received the deputation of the
Senate with the Address in answer to the. Speech from
the Throne.

The resignation of General PEZIIELA of the Alice of
Captain-General of Madrid has been accepted. It is
said that General ORAA. will be his successor.
According to tke Herald°, the Count DE MONTEMOLIN
has failed in his endeavours to raise a loan in LOndon.
oupons,
MADRID BOL:4A, FEB. 12.—The Three— per Cents.
32 buyers, 32-1 sellers; Five per Cents., 20i buyers,
19 buyer, sellers.
sellers; Passive Debt, 6i buyers, sellers; C

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday,
Their contents are of little interest. The Chamber o'f.
Deputies sat for a short time on Wednesday, in order to
enable the Ministry to introduce certain measures;
among them was a Bill for the establishment of tt, line
of
: eua. expirationCHßlSTlNA
is
steatn•packets between llavre and New York, and a Bill
t iri s before
Lent.
for the establishment of a line of stuana-packets between
Nantes, Bordeaux, and Marseilles, and the Brazils, West
Indies, and Havannah. The Chamber on rising ad-
journed to Monday.
expected
It haseet e
db eteon
arriveo ffic i officially liyn notified
dthat
141
" The report has spread this day," says the Patrie of
Wednesday evening, " and it comes from a good quarter,
that England, Austria, Prussia, and Russia have just
protested against the sovereignty of the Bey of Tuns
It is also said that this protest will be published in a few:
days."
The Journal des Debuts has the following:—" It is
now certain that Dom MIGUEL is in London. He arrived
there on the 2d of February."
The Minister of Commerce has written to the Cham-
ber of Commerce of Havre, stating that ho has just
learnt from the. French Consul of Venezuela that French
vessels at present only enter the ports of Guayra and
Puerto-Cabello, totally neglecting that of. Maracaibo,
which, however, furnishes excellent coffees and fancy
woods. The Minister calls the attention of the Cham-
ber of Commerce of Havre to this fact, and recommends
it to lay before the shipowners within its jurisdiction
the advantages that may arise from entering into com-
mercial relations with this port.
BOURSE—PARIS, DIURSDAY, FEB. 18.
THREE O'CLOCK.—The arrival of the English funds with
a slight fall had the effect of checking the rise that appeared
to have set in both in the French funds and railway shares.
The Three per Cents„ after having been done last evening in
the Passage de I'Opera at 78f. 571/2c., and this morning at
78f. 45c., opened in the Parquet at 78E 25c., and after going
up to 78f. 50c., closed at 78f. 30c. After the Bourse they
were done at 78f. 271/ie. Railway shares are in general
lower. For the account the French Three per Cents. have
fallen sc. ; Five per Cents., loc. ; Loan, not quoted. For
money, the Three per Cents. are unaltered; Five per Colts.
have fallen 20c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TUE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, FEBRUARY 19.
Boulogne and Amiens, 144—Central of France (Orleans and
Vierzon), 1314—Great Western Bengal, 4—Madrid anti Valentia,
—Northern of France, 123 A—Orleans and Bordeaux, 7 —Paris and
Lyons, 7it —Faris and Rosen, 3414 —Rouen and Havre, 27—Sambre
and 3leuss, 634—West Flanders; 3.

THE COURT.—Her Majesty and Prince Albert,
with the royal children and the royal suite, were expected
to leave Buckingham Palace about three o'clock. this
afternoon, for Claremont, there to spend two or three
days.
We are happy to inform the public that M. Soyer, of
the Reform Club, has received instructions from Go-
vernment tc proceed immediately to the Lord-Lieu-
tenant of Ireland, and to submit his plan of a model
kitchen fur the preparation of soup on a large scale,
which, if approved of, will at once be carried into effect,
and may be the cause of saving some thousands of poor
creatures from death's door for want of proper food.

- - -
RAILWAY ROBBERlES.—Yesterday information was
forwarded to the police of a robbery committed at the Cam.
den Town station of the North-Western Railway, of a box,
directed to Mr. J. Groom, Harwich, containing 19.000 dozen
of Harwich, Norway, and flatted hooks, manufactured by F.
Field, of Redditch, and a brown-paper parcel, addressed to
Mr. J. Jones, of Jermyn-street, London, containing nineteen
gross of Carlisle trebled-bronzed hooks.
The Duke of Wellington yesterday inspected
Branetti's,rnodel of ancient Jerusalem. The Duke expressed
liimolf much gratified.