The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-19 00:00:00

OCTOBER.

Newmarket
Newmarket
ICaledonian Hunt, Kelso, and
Knutsforil

O'CONNELL IN CORK.—At no period of his
political career did Mr. O'Connell exhibit to more effect
the extraordinary endowments with which he is gifted,
than on Monday last in this city at the meeting. His va-
ried powers were eminently displayed ; his playful humour
—his ready wit—his electric rapidity in seizing the tone
of those around him—his powerful castigation of Ireland's
worst enemy, Stanley—his vivid description of her wrongs,
and his mode of redress—all spread over the vast mass an
enthusiasm seldom before even witnessed in this country.
At the dinner, too, he most unquestionably surpassed him-
self, for never was he more powerful, more happy, more
effective ; never, even in the buoyant days of his youth,
when he was wrestling for religious freedom, did his soul
rise into higher enthusiasm. His speech on that occasion
was almost the eloquence of inspiration—it was nn effort
even beyond himself, and the effect produced far exceeded
any thing we ever before witnessed. Southern Reporter.
COLLIERS' TURN-OUT.—The colliers in Bol-
ton and the neighbourhood turned out on Saturday evening
last, for an advance of wages, amounting to a little more
than five per cent. The consequence was, that one cot-
ton-mill in Bolton was stopped for want of coals on Wed-
nesday last; but the matter has since been arranged, and
the colliers have nearly all remitted to their
Manchester Guardian.
SHERIFFDOM OF BERIVICKSHIRE.—We un-
derstand that Archibald Davidson. Esq., senior Advocate-
Depute, has been appointed Sheriff ot the county of Ber-
wick, vacant by the death of the late W
Esq —Scotsman.
DOLGELLEY.—Sir W. W. 'Wynn made a
most handsome allowance to the tenants of the Maespandy
estate, on the 7th inst., being the rent-day. The tenants,
in return for the kindness of the worthy gentleman, sub-
scribed among each other to pay the expenses incident
upon ringing the town. bells.—Carnarcon .Herald.
tiveßAßnEtiv.cliosrYn-iTa‘l,EAssSoOciUatLionooFf NLVivleT;pooll 'hhaeveopera
distri-
buted three thousand copies of the annexed pithy ques-
tions :—" Does dear bread bring high wages?—Bread, in
was in 183 b. Are wages
1840, is double the price that it •
doubled ?—Nu ! Cheap bread,
law I !!" and down with the Corn-

MORN IN'ti EDITION

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNAL S.

FROM TIM DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.)
(From the Morning Chronicle.)
The Tory Association of North Leicestershire held
its annual dinner last week at Ashby-de-la-Zouch. It
was distinguished by some novelty of tone in the
language used in reference to the Church. The dis-

covery appears to be made that all is not quite right
within the bosom of that venerable institution.
" Heavy blows and great discouragement" came not
from WThig Ministers alone, but from internal
discrepancies, which, should the fashion of dr-

...-
nouncing them spread at Conservative festivals, will
raise up a new phalanx of Church Reformers in an
unexpected quarter. On "the health of the Primate
and the Clergy" being given,
" The Rev. Dr. Evans, in acknowledging the toast,
said : ' lo an assemblage so important and influential as
that I see before me, it is a proud but melancholy office to
return thanks in the name of the Bishop and Clergy of
the diocese for so cordial an expression of
.our attach-
ment to the Catholic Apostolic Church of your fathers,
established in these realms, under the present obscurrinent
of her glory, both from within and from without. From
within she is disturbed by the attempted revival of ancient
forms and ancient discipline, an attempt which those who
undertake to censure should at least read. But she is
still mere distracted by the errors of an heresiarch, whose
proff red assistarce was rejected in the settlement of our
ritual and symbolic writings, whose tenets and discipline,
wherever they have been admitted and embraced, says
Malmbrugh, the historian of Calvinism, have been at-
tended by rebellion, civil war, and misery.'"
Now, although we should be sorry to answer so
readily as the Rev. Dr. Evans for all the aspersions of
the Jesuit historian upon Calvinism, and although
we know not of any censors upon Puseyisrn, who
have not read its publications, half so severe as
are the censors by whom they have been read ;
yet we agree with the Tory Doctor, that the
present position of these two sects (within the Esta-
blished Church) is a very discreditable phenomenon,
and, we will add, that it demonstrates the necessity of
some reform to endow the Church with the usefulness

of a m.tional institution. The Doctor's complaint tal-
lies with a curious case of conscience which was put,
❑ot long since in the Morning Post, namely, whether
a clergyman who had obtained a living by means
of the " Simeon Fund," could be justified in retaining
that living after his conversion to Puseyism. The dif-
ficulty has not, so far as we have seen, been
solved for the anxious applicant ; and we know not.
what has become of the doubting incumbent, lis
conscience, and his living. The existence of the diffi-
culty, however, affords a remarkable illustration of
the present state of our ecclesiastical establishment,
and the necessity for some revision of its discipline.
‘Vith the amount or history of the Siitwon
Fund we are unacquainted, txcept from what its
name imports, and from this specimen of its ope-
ration. It is, we presume, a fund for bu}ing up
presentations to livings, and bestowing them upon trusty
preachers of High Calvinistic doctrines like those in-
culcated by the late eminent and pious Mr. Simeon, of
Cambridge. That is to say, it is a mixture of the
Voluntary Principle with that of a Church Establish-
ment, by which the moneys are made to go further in
the purchase of Church funds than they would if be-
_.

stowed directly upon the clergyman as a subscription.
The money power is thus not only brought to bear
upon the propagation of High C ilvinism, but it ob-
tains for those doctrines a portion of the influence

which necessarily belongs to the State Church. The
speculation seems a very advantageous one ; and, did
Dissenters look only to the spread of their doctrines
and not to their notions of Church government and reli-
gious equality, each sect might invest its voluntary con-
tributions in a similar way, with the prospect of a hand-
some return. All might profit b 3 this species of Simeon
simony, which is now, it seems, practised by the Simeon
sect. The Puseyites are also a sect within the Church.
Whether they have, to any extent, become so by
purchase. we have no means of ascertaining. Probably
they have more facilities in possessing themselves of
livings without paying for them than the Simeonites.
The cost of the purchase in that case, is nothing more
than a solemn subscription, cx ammo, to the Protestant
religion, which they are labouring to subvert. At any
rate they are a distinct body from the Siwconites ; so
distinct that converts may be made from one to the

other, and cases of conscience arise upon such conver-
sions about the retention of livings. Is not this a very
scandalous exhibition in a Church avowedly based upon
an act of uniformit) ? Here arc two coLl2ting reli-
gions within its very bosom. One of them is a new

form of that very Papistry front which the English
Church broke off, and the other is an extreme doctrine
to which that Church (in the judgment of many great
authorities) did not advance. A previous question for the
consciences of both parties is, whether either of them
has any title to share of the revenues of the
Church of England, according to its present con-
stitution. is a Protestant Church established by law
for the emolument of those who denounce " the crimes
of the Reformation?" Was it endowed with national
funds that doctrines might be advanced by means of
money-jobbing in those funds ? If such be the fact,
then all sects ought to have fair play. No preference
is due to Simeonites and Puseyites over twenty other
denominations quite as much in harmony with the
opinions of Protestant reformers. The tithes should
be thrown open far the speculations of propa-
gandists, and other Papists besides those of Oxford
should have their chance of profit from " the crimes
of the Reformation," and of rebuilding " ancient
forms and discipline" upon the " old foundations."
There is no consistent medium between the sup-
pression of sects within the Church, and the equalised
condition of sects without the Church. It is most
unfair to tax the Independent for the emolument
of the Simeonite, and admit the Oxford Catholic,
while the Irish Catholic is excluded. By the tithes,
the nation pays for the Protestant religion, and not for
sectarian plunder or proselytism. The Tories seem not
exactly to know what to do with this schism. The
Quarterly I?eciew committed itself by the memorable
article on Chartism, with its proposition for razing
half the metropolis, and drafting off the population of
Birmingham and Manchester into little rural feudal
colonies, each under the conjoint government of a par-
son and a squire. But the Tory press in general is
more cautious. It feels the difficulty which must some-
times befal a faction with great need of numbers and
no regard for principle. It is loath to lose either the
Oxford revivers of Popery in England, or the hot cru-
saders against Popery in Ireland. So it will first try
to keep both, and when that becomes impossible take
to the strongest. Whether the "jolly full bottle"
Protestants of Tory festivals will hereafter shout for
the invocation of saints, or for the orthodoxy of Ge-
neva ; and which doctrine will be glorified in rounds
of Kentish fire, depends on the toss of a half-
penny, or rather, on the unforeseen contin-
gencies and expediencies of a dirty, f.:ctious, and
hypocritical policy. Meantime, we have a word of com-
fort for the Rev. Dr. Evans, in his " melancholy office."
and those who mourn with him " over the Church's
present obscuremcnt of her glory." The qua•rel is a
%Tv pretty quarrel, but it interests the clergy much
more than the laity. Against any gross perversion of
Protestantism into either priestcraft or intolerance the
public intelligence will be a defence. The clergy would
attract little censure by as large a latitude as they can
desire in their theological speculations, did they but
make honest provision for such comprehension, and
sympathise more with the people on great moral ques-
tions. And if the clergy do interfere in public business,
it is on such questions that their influence should be
felt. In party strife, in the conviviality of Tory Clubs,
in the corruption of contested elections, their aid is
neither decorous nor recommendatory. But when every
principle of Christianity and morality, as well as of
legislative justice and national policy, is violated by
an impost that diminishes the weight of the poor
man's loaf to increase the weight of the rich man's
purse, then it would well become them to interpose:.
Then they should
worthy of his hire "
iment of the
that hire will purchase. The "
°l)scurLunder such a
tporo theclaifiunlpl
atashsiiititoauw.in:;:ililo)seftri.7loaoba,oinu:rice.hrii:ori.si
Church's glory " would soon
demonstration of her sympathy
with destructive of
veity. The heresy of bread•taxigni
bodymake andmakes
th
the
lsoul.abo u
rletr
send
his the
ie;hsi
sinks
:so" rtt`hh;ce
)facst affections,aontiand
It':nal
he ought to be at school.
etove4y tflaoninsohte(tihcirculteer' I! kinillcs
gy
theserf, torchand of t the
strife.serf preach it
down? Why do they not animate the People to choose
legislators who will vote for " daily bread " to those who
earn it ? Such conduct would endear the Church to
the heart of millions, and enable it to smile at any
heavy blow or great discouragement" that could ever
be inflicted, either by the Whig indifference which it
imputes, or by the Tory apostecy to religious liberty,
will never forget or forgive.
which its bigotneAgdefrmiembers
cipi:eowtrnui
which
efw the misdirected crin: ibs)I
idt ierde cttiei
the other
tl, effortstb ofy
the
nF
there
hsotiururalerneede
is
so n
optoittott b
eat seizedthis
bg;esautddter n
violence
Invaetioennadleinfl.
or acquired by the most enormous sacrifices of the hour;
nay, that it is rather depreciated and damaged by the
display of mighty means leading to such slender resu:ts.
The most striking emitraSt which we can present to
this remarkable instance of faithless aggression, cruel
warfare, and unrewarded hardships, is to be found in
the position of our own country with reference to the
other Powers of Europe, and more especially with re-
ference to the vast populations of Asia. It is a part of
‘.ebeenbeenour glory that the greatest hostshaaanntddtthialeramtinatiddieaiiya have
lnha
an rr armedd ninotviLLlSlbtuist
oaguraibuostasittst,
principa-
lities and powers, taught by our rule to share, not to pe-
rish by, the arts of European warfare, are held in obedi-
ence to our sway by a British army not amounting in force
to one-half of the garrison of Paris. It is most of all our
pride, that wherever the British race, the British lan-
guage, and the beloved liberties of England are striking
root in a strange soil, they are not planted by the
bayonet -nor protected by military force ; and in the
wide lands of Australia we have a people springing ra-
g pidly to life and power, who afford probably the first la-

MORNING EDITION'

stance since the world began of a great colonial posses-
sion established without either external war or internal
bloodshed. We have frequently taken occasion to re-
monstrate on the frequent inadequacy of our forces both
by sea and land to the performance of the boundless du-
ties to which they are called ; for it becomes the nation
to demand ample protection for its wide-spreading inte-
rests, as it becomes the Government to be
prepered to repel by arms the attacks which other
nations may make by arms. But greatly do they
err if they suppose that arms can give to them,
nr take from us, the influence which they view with
affected mistrust and with ill-dissembled jealousy.
That influence is due to the perseverance, the modera-
tion, and the judgment by which it has been acquired,
and is upon the whole exercised ; if these qualities
were wanting, the glory of the greatest nation would
be tarnished, the strength of the strongest dissolved.
This is evidently 4 not the standard of excellence to
which the French aspire ; and we can only lament for
them and for the world that their ambition should ad-
diet itself to such different and suicidal purposes. It
might be inferred from the national passion for arms
that France owes every thing to military success, and
that her history contains no record of successful en-
terprises but those which have been begun by the
:sword. But, in fact, the very reverse is the case. It
'would not be difficult to show that the history of French
wars, from the beginning of the 18115 century to
the last peace, has been accompanied with the decline
of that colonial greatness to which she still aspires.
At the earlier period to which we refer, the
.French
hell msny of the finest colonial possessions in the
New World. They divided with Spain the island
al St, Domingo, inferior in size to Cuba alone, infe-
'ror in fertility to none. They occupied in the most
northern part of the American continent, the St. Law-
reree and its shores, up to the great lakes, and down
to the harbours on the coast—a position which placed
sit their disposal the fur-trade of the north, the mili-
tary command of the country, and a boundless field for
enterprise and improvement, encircling the whole of
North America. Far, in the more southern latitudes
inf that continent, the French plantations on the Mis-
eissippi, and the French port of New Orleans, gave
them the command of the other great American river,
and consequently of all those mighty resources which
time and the British race have since called into activity.
from the swamp and the prairie, the once solitary river
And the primeval forest. In the south of Asia the
same great beginnings, supported for a time with
energy and ability, enabled the French East India Com-
peny to dispute the commercial and growing political
power of the British merchants trading to the East In-
dies.
It is common in France to hear a vast deal of
jealous and ignorant declamation on the history and the
nature of British dominion in India ;# but, strangely
enough, amongst a people so covetous of national
honour, the names of their own great Indian servants
Lebourdonne;s, Dupleix, Bussv, and Lally, have been
ill treated by posterity, as the men themselves were by
their contemporaries. We do not enter into a discussion
of the si stern of colonization pursued by the French, nor
do we here pretend to account for the fact that they
have planted mere shrubs, dwarfed in their growth and
limited in their duration, whereas the colonies of Eng-
land have thriven like forest trees. But this much is
certain—that the undertakings which were vigorously
planned by some of the greatest statesmen who ever go-
verned France, were first thwarted by their military cha-
r icter, and finally lost by the fortune of war. Yet it is
by military means and by war that the French, in
spite of our contrary example and their own expe-
rience, persist in straining to aggrandize themselves.
• The very same thing which has occurred in other
feats of the world is now repeated in Africa. France
availed herself of the general peace and the general
dread of war to get a footing (no matter by what
means) on the opposite shore of the Mediterranean.
She occupies pter:inee after province, port after port,
and converts the loose towns of the Arabian Emirs
into strongholds for her army. This occupation ex-
tends over nearly ten degrees of longitude ; but it is
a militaiy occupation, and nothing more; it has been
acquired by the sword, and will perish by the sword ;
and it weakens France, as France must be weak-
ened by the fortifications of Paris, or by any other
liege dispiay of material power intended to supply
the place of that moral power which she has not
got. Unfortunate y, such attempts not only do
not supply it, but they demonstrate the absence of
it. Since we touched Lyon this subject, we have
received a very curious paper by M. Blanqui, who
was sent to Africa in Ite39 to inspect the state of the
colony. The accounts this document contains far
exceed the statements of hardship and loss we had
ventured to mike. In the month of October last
the army lust 1,500 men ; and the number remaining
in " what are called hospitals in Algeria" was 12,000.
The garrison of Miliaria lost two-thirds of its force in a
few weeks, and the same ravages took place at Medea,
Blitleh. and Douera. Men have been used up faster
than ammunition. After ten years' occupation, 300
men are required to carry a letter, and 3,000 to escort
c'mvoy even at the gates of Algiers. The army is
not provided with beds or barracks ; and some time
ago a battalion of 800 men was reduced to subsist for
three days on snails! What, then, is the suggestion
which necoropinics these horrible official disclosures ?
Simply. that the war should be carried on upon a larger
scale ; and that Gen. Bugeaud should be placed at the
head of an effective force of at least 80.000 men for the
purpose of extirpating by one vast effort all the hos-
tile vibes. The scheme is as foolish as it is extrava-
gant and atrocious ; for the Arabian horsemen will be
driven into the desert, where no European troops can
follow them, only to return with renewed fury to their
secular warfare. The reflection which these facts produce
in us is, that Algerine piracy itself, and all the miseries
of Christians pining in barbarian fetters, were less grie-
vous to our race and our religion, certainly far less
costly to human life and happiness, than these fierce
inroads of French civilisation.

" We have praised with uncommon diversion an analy-
sis, in the Moniteur, of an Essay on the British Adminis-
trivion of India, read to the French Institute, by M.
Blanqui, mine. That learned individual, in describing tho
various kinds of land revenue in India, assured his audi-
bora that the Ityot•war tenure derived its name from its
extreme severity, and signified literally la guerre aux pay-
sans, evidently mistaking the Indian adjective termination
rear, for the English word war.
( From the Morning Advertiser.)

The question of the fortification of Paris is one with
which we have scarcely meddled, except in a very sum-
mary way ; and for two reasans, each of which bad its
proper weight with us. The first, that we have no right
to interfere with the follies of our neighbours, whatever
guise they may assume ; and the second, that we were
in hopes that reason would in the course of time resume
her empire over their minds, and put to flight the absurd
and false fears upon which the project was based. Now,
however, that the Coremittee, of which M. 'fliers was
appointed the Chairman, has made its report, and that
report is in favour of the establishment of the fortifila-
lions, we may be excused if we express our decided opi-
nion, that nothing was ever conceived in the wildest days
of the French revolution so calculated to degrade the
people of France in the eyes of Europe as that of erecting
a series of a forts, or wall of circumvallation, round Paris.
The idea that either England or any European Power en-
tertains tiie slightest idea of invading France, or march-
ing upon Paris, without gross and unnecessary provoca-
tion, is an absurdity, as M. Thiers and his master, Louis
Philippe, perfectly know ; while, as a means of averting
such an attack, supposing it to be intended, the pro-
posed fortifications arc utterly valueless. A Napier or
a Wellington would blow them to atoms in fewer mi-
nutes than it took days to erect them. With a pow-
erful army and a numerous cavalry, both the garrisons
and the capital could be easily starved into submission
or revolt—and France would have to witness the de-
plorable spectacle of seeing the guns of her own forts
converted into the instruments for the destruction, in-
stead of the preservation of her capital. A line of
forts, as proposed by the Committee of the French
Chambers, extending over a circuit of 50 miles, is worthy
of the wisdom of those who conceived the erection o. the
great wall of China, and is an equally prudent and po-
litic undertaking. It is useless for external defence ; bqt
it is an admirable scheme for dominating insurrections
iii the capital of France, and conferring upon Louis Philippe the power of suppressing any unpleasantt,islnn
ex-
plosion of public opinion. It was to please
cherished phantasy of his Sovereign, and by pleasing
it, to maintain his position as Premier, and carry out
his undefined schemes of glory and grandeur, that M.
'fliers threw out the captivating bait ; but although
Louis Philippe was delighted with the one, he did not
by any means relish the other, and hence, having gained
his ends, he turned out. M. Thiers to wonder at his
own folly and deplore the stupidity which had induced
him to throw the game into his enemy's hands. Thiers,
in fact, has been caught in his own net. He would
stow give anything, either not to have proposed or ap-
proved of the fortification of Paris. What a handle
for opposition to the Guizot Cabinet would it not have
proved in the hands of such a skilful orator With
whit appearance of patriotic honesty might he not have
r*osed the misses—paralysed the Government of his
successor, and made even Louis Philippe tremble on
his throne! But that chance M. Thiers WAS too in-
rautious to reserve, and he has now been obliged to
repot in favour of a scheme which he knows to be un-
national in spirit and intent, and which he curses in his
heart as an insurmountable b irrier to his return to
power awl political influence. So perish all endeavours
to gain power at the expense of the liberties of the
people—and their abettors with them
(From the Globe.)
We agree with the Examiuer that it would be what
Fouche called " worse than a crime—a blunder" in the
present Ministry to leave fiscal and commercial reforms
to their successors. It so happens, however, that the
most important reforms of this kind
—those reforms
without which all others are a trifle—some would be an
injustice—are certain of obstinate opposition from
banded and strongly organised interests. To meet
those interests, we have called for a strong pressure of
opinion from without. The Examincr seems to think
this in Joule manner or degree inconsistent with our
dislike and distrust of Radical organic changes.

We cannot see this. If it were proved that any
specific dose of change would give us all the pure rea-
son of the country, purged of the impure interests, we
should be zealous promoters of this change. But this
is not proved. We think there is more evidence for
believing the contrary. We do not therefore feel our-
selves inconsistent in opposing one species of change,
while we call upon the aid of public opinion to carry
another. It is possible certainly that radical changes
might save us the trouble of calling in that aid against
the present strong and organised interests. That is
possible, though by no means certain, as has been ably
shown by the Leeds Mercury. But the question is,
whether such changes, if they succeeded in the only
sense in which success is possible in such a career (in
breaking down existing powers, namely), might not
probably substitute other interests and influences not
more pure, not less selfish, and more ignorant. All
these questions will, of course, be answered accord-
ing to preconceived opinions ; and we have no more
pretension to dictate ours, than disposition to ac-
cept others. But we contend that, unless it be stated
as the duty of Government to start projects of organic
change, it cannot justly be imputed to Government as
a fault that they cannot, in the present state of parties,
propose, with prospect of success, practical measures
which thwart powerful interests, unless they are strongly
backed by opinion. We do not profess to announce
the intentions of Government as to this or that mea-
sure—as to this or that change in our anti-commer-
cial tariff. But we will predict, without claiming any
extraordinary gift of prescience, that they would not
succeed, in the present state of parties, in any compre-
lienswe measure (and really we regard any other as
trifling with our present situation), unless the voice of
opinion is heard loudly and decidedly in its favour.
(From the Standard )
All the Ministerial journals, except the Globe, have
given up the attempt to defend the infamous Frost job ;
but that journal having been thrust into the front to
carry the Ministerial falsehood, perseseres in supporting
it, notwithstanding every rebuff, notwithstanding even
its own repeated promises to relinquish the subject.
On Saturday our Contemporary returned to its task
in an article which demands a few remarks from us :

" No Journal knows better than the Standard when to
affect calmness and courtesy. It shall bring charges the
most enormous in language the moss uumeasured—it shall
denounce infamy on a whole Ministry for acts unproved,
untrue, and impossible—and then, when such conduct is
animadverted on in the terms it deserves, the Standard
talks of ' gross deviation from truth,' and ' indecent and
violent injury.' Certainly there have been both in this
case; and we think we have shown upon which side. But
the Standard's concluding challenge must not escape a
word of condign notice.
" The Standard requires us to produce our authority for
our contradiction of its first statement. We thought
that, when a statement affecting any department of ad mi-
nistration was answered from authority,' it was sufficiently
understood, that authority' was the authority of the de-
partment responsible. We have already, therefore,
answered the Standard's challenge by anticipation. We
have challenged those (if any) who believe its statements
to find a mouthpiece for their belief in Parliament, and we
have ventured to assure them that Government would not
shrink from any questions that might bo asked."
Now we really do not know to which department of
the Government application is to be made for an expla-
nation of Frost's pardon and promotion. As a convict
we believe he is under the care of Lord Normanby—as
the inhabitant of a colony he belongs to Lord John
Russell. Between the two Lords, however, there is
little choice—the one " said the thing that was not," in
the matter of Alderman Montgomery's evidence : the
other made a speech at Totnes, certain important state-
ments of which the Bishop of Exeter compelled him to
retract after the speech had whitened the town of Tot-
nes with placards for several days, not to say weeks.
However, we should like, from mere curiosity, if from
no other motive, to know which of the Noble Lords it
was who authorised the Globe to contradict us by a
downright untruth ?

_
(From the Courier.)
At the meeting which Mr. Booth, on the part of the
Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company, has con-
vened, of the managers of the greater part of the other
railway companies, it is to be hoped the most enlightened
and liberal policy, as regards the public safety and
convenience, will be the prevailing feeling. We have
already made some comments on Mr. Booth's first cir-
cular, and to which we would refer the gentlemen of
the conference. Signals are absolutely essential to the
safety of the trains travelling at such velocity where
there can be no deviation in the track ; and whatever
code shall be considered best ought to be adopted by
every railway company. The difficulty of settling what
are the best signals will in all probability be great,
as each person will naturally fancy such as he has him-
self proposed the most efficient ; and as there is an aris-
tocracy in railways, as in all other concerns (which is
shown in the circular not being general), we arc almost
afraid that instead of the companies legislating among
themselves, for themselves, they will force on the Go-
vernment a task they have shown such an unwillingness
for. If every gentleman present at the conference
would take as his text the preamble of the several Acts
of incorporation, and bear strongly in his mind that the
powers of such Acts were given in anticipation of great
public benefits to he returned, and not for exclusive pri- '
-rate advantages, such singleness of purpose would make
the meeting a most useful one, and the private interests
of the Companies would profit in the increased confidence
of all classes and descriptions of persons. There can be
no sort of objection to a convention for such ends in
so large and intermixed an interest as railways are ;
and indeed all the rules and regulations of the different
Companies, in which the passengers are concerned,
should be common to each, even to the mode of start-
ing the trains ; and every facility should be given to such
lines as unite or branch from each other, without favour
or affection. Indeed the passengers should never be
allowed to know there is such a thing on the great
highways of the kingdom as partiality or rivalry. We
repeat our opinion, that three men on an engine are not
too many, and our dissent to looking to a stoker as
a substitute in case of accidents, or as an assistant to
the driver in charge ; at the same time we also repeat
our full agreement with Mr. Booth, that no person
should be placed on the engine or tender, superior to the
driver, or who is not connected with the engine itself.
With the passenger trains there should certainly always
be some head, in charge of the whole train, to whom the
passengers could always look with assurance of atten-
tion, and who should make his regular reports at the
different stations, where a journal should be kept of
the progress or delay of every train, its time of arrival,
departure, &c. &c. &c. We sincerely hope that every
Company will agree not to take each other's servants
when discharged for gross negligence or incapacity, and
this would tend more to force attention and good order
than any other means ; and that this should be most
effective, we would have been pleased that every Com-
pany for which an Act has been obtained had been in-
vited to send a representative to the conference.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS,

(SATURDAY EVENING.)
TIMES.—The merchantsconnected with the Levant
and East Indies express great surprise that they have not
yet received any satisfactory explanation as to the delay
which occurred in the delivery of their letters on the
arrival of the overland mail last month, and which was
occasioned by the unaccountable preference of the
Gibraltar route, notwithstanding the words " via Mar-
seilles" appeared on the letters. The letter from the
Post-office, in answer to the application of the East
India and China Association, stated, as it may be
recollected, that the authorities in that department
were unable to account for what had taken place,
but that the matter was under their serious consis
deration. As far as Malta is concerned, whether the
error lay there or not, might have been easily ascer-
tained by this time, as a letter might have been sent
by the French boat which left Marseilles on the 21st
ult., and arrived at Malta on the 25th. The Great
Liverpool, which left Malta on the 29th, might there-
fore have brought an answer, which, if it would not
have satisfied the merchants, would at any rate have
afforded some clue to where the fault lay.
Among objects of complaint in the working of the
Post-office system, is that of allowing an early delivery
of letters by the general postman in the morning to
those who pay him a fee of ss. per quarter, while
others do not have theirs till two hours afterwards. The
time of the clerks of the Post-office, which might be
employed in accelerating the general delivery, is there-
fore in a great measure occupied in sorting letters for
the privileged few who subscribe their ss. Persons
who have not understood that this is part of a regular
system, have sometimes conceived that the difference
shown to themselves and their neighbours has arisen
from some error on the part of the postmen, but on
1 application to these, the answer accompanying the ex-
planation has frequently been, that the fee is part of
their salary, which would indeed be too small were it
not for these perquisites of office. Now, as the receipt
of letters at a certain time is of the greatest importance
to the public, and it seems a delay is occasioned in the
delivery by this additional sort of taxation, it is found
very hard by the larger class of
merely sof the community
their
that
their letters should he retarded, ercl y because
neighbours pay part of the postman's salary.
to Aproj
Valenciaect fordoe s makingnot,a large
a
fromthe
letter
Grathence
o
dated the 3d instant, meet with great encouragement
according o' a 1
from the Regency. The advantages purposed by this
canal were, that merchant vessels coining to load or
unload goods might be in safety from the frequent gales
during the three winter months, since they often cannot
stay 24 hours off the Grao. Without such a canal, it
is said that it will be impossible for South American or
Havannah traders to resort to Valencia for want of a
safe anchorage.
Manyinquiries are made as to the destination of the teasunk in the Westminster, off Margate, to
which allusion was made some days ago, when the
notion that an article so damaged was to be brought
into the market was hardly reckoned tenable. Now,
however, the report is becoming more definite, and
some designate the places where it is being kiln-
died and washed preparatory to sale. This is con-
experience in the trade I
trasted by persons of long

' with the practice of the East India Company, who al-
ways made a point of destroying damaged tea, by throw-
ing it overboard at the Nore. So strict were they in
this respect, that even when a part of the tea was
damaged they destroyed the whole, some persons think-
ing that in such instances the Company occasionally
carried their severity to an extreme length.
Connected with the subject of tea of doubtful
quality, a communication has been received from Mr.
Heale respecting the recent seizure of 2,0001 b. of
hawthorn leaves, about to be forwarded to him, and
the conviction of Mr. Palmer, under whose direction
they were picked, for manufacturing an article " in
imitation of tea." Although much of his statement
refers to matters of rather a remote date, and
many of which are already familiar to the public,
it will be necessary briefly to recapitulate them
to render the whole intelligible. Mr. Heale, as it
may be remembered, manufactured the hawthorn leaf
under a patent granted in 1831, having, according to
his own statement, obtained the opinion of Sir J. &er-
ica and Mr. Rotch, who settled the patent, that it did
not interfere with the Statute passed to prevent imita-
tions of tea. On receiving notice from the Excise that
the manufacture was nevertheless a violation of the
Statute, the parties concerned in it memorialised the
Lords of the Treasury, but these only referred the me-
morial again to the Board of Excise, who of course
repeated the same opinion they had previously
given. Counsel's opinion was then obtained, that
the patent contained a clear right to manufacture,
and that a Magistrate would not be authorised
in convicting the manufacturer, while at the same
time the propriety of bringing the case before a
Magistrate was suggested. The manufacture being
recommenced, the Excise officers, in 1832,
['laced a broad arrow upon it, which they after-
wards removed, saying that they had heard from
the Attorney and Solicitor-Generals that the manufac-
ture was legal, and adding, that it might now be pro-
ceeded with. It was under this favourable aspect Mr.
Heale purchased the shares of other parties interested
in the patent, and became its sole proprietor. The
seizure of the manufacture, which took place in 1833,
and the condemnation by the Lord Mayor, was on the
ground that some of it had been traced to the posses-
sion of a tea-dealer. The Lords of the Treasury
awarded 3001. to the seizing officers, upon the repre-
sentation of the Commissioners of Excise that they had
brought to light a secret manufacture of "imitation
tea," and Mr. Heale particularly observes that in the let-
ter of the Commissioners no allusion was made to the
previous proceedings, so as to show to the Treasury that
the case was the same on which the opinion of the At-
torney and Solicitor-Generals had already been obtained,
and that they admitted that according to the opinion
of their own solicitor they could not proceed effectually
against the manufacturer without proof of a connexion
with the tea-dealer. This being the state of affairs,
and Mr. Ileale still believing that the Excise had no
case against him, entered into the agreement with Mr.
Palmer to carry on the manufacture, sending all he
made to Mr. Ileale himself. It was accordingly pre-
pared and packed in cases for exportation, the whole
manufacture having been carried on, as is alleged, in the
most open manner. 'rho Excise allowed the manufac-
ture to proceed for many months, and then entered Mr.
Palmer's premises on the night of the 27th of July,
when they seized part of his manufacture, and on the
following day seized the remainder. The proceedings by
the Excise before the Magistrates at Devizes terminated
in a conviction with full penalties, on the ground that the
article was " imitation tea," in violation of the statute.
This is the last act that has taken place in the
affair; and here Mr. Ileale objocts that the conviction
was most inconsistent, as the Excise had, on removing
the broad arrow in 1832, already said that the article
was not an " imitation of tea," and that the condemna-
tion in 1833 did not prove such a case as warranted the
Excise in endeavouring to obtain penalties. It will also
be remembered, that that condemnation was on the
ground that the article had found its way to the tea-
dealer, while, in the Devizes case, none of it had been
disposed of in any manner. Mr. Heale's case there-
fore is, that having purchased a patent, the conviction
by the Magistrates is unjust, or that, if that is just, the
Crown should remunerate him for the expenses of his
patent. All these circumstances must be of great in-
terest to the tea trade and to the public generally, who
seem to want protection in the purchase of genuine tea,
so long as this state of things exists.

DREADFUL ACCIDENT ON THE

RIVER.-TEN LIVES LOST.

FURTHER PARTICULARS.
(From our Evening Elition of Yesterday.)
. .

During yesterday (Sunday) considerable excitement
prevailed throughout the western portion of the suburbs,
in consequence of the circulation of a report that during
the previous night a most fearful inundation had oc-
curred in the town of Brentford, occasioned by the
bursting cf the banks and locks of the Grand Junction
Ginal, which bad been attended by the destruction of
property to the value of near!y 100,0001., and the car-
rying away of several houses by the stream, as well as
the loss of many lives.

The water, it appears, was first observed to be slowly
rising about half-past 12 o'clock on Saturday night, but
no fears of an inundation beitig entertained by the per-
sons residing near, they retired to rest, little dreaming
that they would he so soon aroused from their slumbers.
Towards two o'clock, however, Police-Constable
Smith, T 60, whu was on duty near the bridge, ob-
serving the vi ater still increasing, and rushing with great
force to the Thames, awakened some of the boatmen
belonging to what arc called " monkey boats," large
numbers of which were moored off the different wharfs
abutting on the canal, and cautioned them to be on the
alert for their own security. At that time, and even
up to half-past three o'clock yesterday morning, imme-
diate danger was not apprehended, but a few minutes
before four o'clock a loud noise was heard to the north
of the town, which momentarily approached nearer and
nearer, and it was soon ascertained that the narrow
stream of the Brent had swelled into a mighty river,
and overflowing its banks, was pouring itself into
the already increased waters of the canal. Numbers
of boats, barges, and lighters were instantly torn
from their moorings, and driven with great force
through the bridge, towards the Thames. At the
same instant, also, the accumulated waters having
overflowed all the premises north of the high road,
burst with frightful force through two avenues by the
houses of Mr. Brasher, near the bridge, and Mr. Farrell,
directly opposite the church, filling the lower rooms of
the houses. The police immediately sprang their
rattles, and lost no time in awakening the inhabitants
to a sense of their danger, and where some were too
deeply buried in sleep to be aroused by the knocking,
they forced the doors open. The scene at that moment
it is impossible to describe. Men, women, and children,
many of them in their night clothes, were running in all
directions for places of shelter, while the roaring of the
water, added to the screams of the wretched inhabit.
ants of the boats, and of the individuals inhabiting the
numerous cottages running south of the town down to
the water side, were most appalling. In a very short
time, all the houses at that portion of the town were
flooded, and the water rising rapidly, the occupiers of the
houses near the market-place commenced damming up
their doors, and there is no doubt that the whole cot
only of New Brentford, but also of Old Brentford,
would shortly have become under water, had the stream
not found itself an outlet at the bottom of Church-alley,
by razing the wall of the extensive nursery grounds of
Messrs. Ronalds, and another wall at the southern ex-
tremity of the grounds, by width it joined the canal
near its outlet to the Thames.

Every possible assistance was immediately rendered
by those of the inhabitants who had not been reached
by the inundation. About five o'clock the water was
at the highest, and the only means of communication
between the houses near the bridge was by a boat.
Towards six o'clock it was ascertained that the water
was gradually decreasing, and daylight was anxiously
looked for, that the extent of the effects of the inunda-
tion might be ascertained.
Above the bridge, as far as has been ascertained, the
damage has not been so extensive as below it.
During the early part of the day fears were enter-
tained that the whole of the crews of the boats, &c.,
which have been wrecked were drowned ; much interest
was excited to ascertain the fate of a family of seven
children, who, with their father and mother, named
Tolley, it was known were on Saturday evening on
board one of the boats belonging to Messrs. Price and
Sons, of Brierly-hill, which boat is one of those sunk.
It was, however, in the afternoon ascertained that they
had been most miraculously saved, as the boat was
being thriven along by the current, by the exertions of a
family named Ayres, living in a cottage at the bottom
of Boar's Head-yard, who, as the boat passed the win-
dow, succeeded in dragging in the seven children, where
our reporter saw them, and where he learned that the
fathe and mother had also been saved. At the next
cottage were also two sisters of the name of Forster
each with one child, who were rescued from another
boat. It has also been ascertained that no less than
th; climbingYe men,ov e the
women,
of the Dukeevniandchildren,
of N
savedorthoeluirmbliveer_s
land's grounds, and taking refuge in a cowhouse, where
they hare been since found.

NEW PENNY PIECES. -- Specimens of new
coins have just been issued from the Mint, consisting of
penny-pieces. They are materially different from those
nosy in use, as there is no lettering upon them with the
exception of the date. On one side is a medallion like-
ness of her present Majesty, and occupies nearly the whole
of one of the sides of the pieces. On the obverse is a
figure of Britannia, similar to those on the fourpenny-
pieces, under which is placed the date. The outside of
the rim is perfectly smooth, but it is raised in such a man.
ner as to afford ample protection to the figures on the body
when in use.

BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, JAN. 15.—The
state of the weather has very much interfered with busi-
ness, otherwise it is evident, from the limited stocks gene-
rally held, a fair demand would have existed at steady
prices. The depression in the refined trade, and the ex-
tensive falling off in the consumption, will effectually coun-
teract any tendency to an advance, which a temporary
revival of demand might else produce.—Bristol Mercury,