The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-08 00:00:00

'rTII SUN, LONfION FRTriIiY EVE,NING, JANUARY 8, 1847.

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RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.
MESSRS. LAM()ND and Co., RAILWAY
MIARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and
to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c.,
Like place every TuftsDAT and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the
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THE WEATaER.—SMT OFFICE, JANUARY 8.
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 36; Highest, 43 ; Noon, 37.
BAROMETER, 30.17.—W1ND E., fine.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
llorning .. 52 minutes after 5. I Evening .. 10 minutes after 6.

single moment maintain that the Marquis of Non-
MANBY could attend levees and eat dinners at
Paris with the members of that 'Administration
against the proceedings of which he had, in obedience
to the directions of his Government, just tendered
such a stern and decisive protest, or that Mr. BULWER
could have participated in the festivities of the nup-
tial ceremonies after the course he had felt himself
bound to pursue in opposition to their celebration ?
The thing was impossible : the Ambassadors would
have been in a decidedly false position ;
they would have been, at one and the same moment,
sanctioning and protesting against the alliance. As
to the circumstance of this union between the Due
DE MONTPENSIER and the Infanta Luisa being
opposed to the principles of the solemn stipulations
of the Treaty of Utrecht, it would be in-
sanity to quibble to the contrary interpretation of
that treaty. By the alliance of an Orleans
Prince with a Princess of the Spanish Bourbon dy-
nasty, the sacred engagements of PHILIP have been
violated. It is ridiculous to dilate upon the improba-
bility of the French and Spanish Crowns ever becom-
ing united in the person of the Due DE MONTPENSIER,
or one of his descendants. It is absurd to enumerate
the divers barriers between the present uncertainty
and the possible evil—namely, the lives of his
brothers and their offspring. It is frivolous to argue
in this manner, because the question is not as to the
barriers, but as to what is beyond the barriers; not
as to the probability, but as to the possibility ; not as
to whether the gulf yawns at our feet, but as to
whether we have made a single step in
the direction of that gulf. That the com-
bination of the Gallic and Iberian crowns upon
one head might result from the marriage which
has just occurred, is proved by the very coincidences
advanced with a contrary intention. The death of
the Dauphin, and of the Dauphin's SOD, and of the
Dauphin's son's son, and the ultimate accession of
Louis XV. to the throne of France and Navarre, is
a significant illustration of the precariousness of
human life. Nevertheless, the question is not abso-
lutely whether the young Duc DE MONTPENSIER or
one of his descendants may not be sole monarch of
France and Spain, but whether his espousal of
Donna LUISA may not render the Government of the
Peninsula a mere instrument of the Supreme Go-
vernment at Paris—whether, in fine, the Spaniards
may not ultimately become the virtual denizens of a
Gallic province. Upon this problem the Cabinets of
St. James's and the Tuileries are at variance. Those
are the horns of the dilemma.

An article, copied from The Times into The Sun
of Tuesday, referring to the late case of HOLDSWORTH
v. GansoN and others, proprietors of the Plymouth
Journal, affords a strong illustration of the risks
incurred by public journalists when, in the discharge
of their duty, they expose the fraud and mal-practices
of those obtaining money by means other than those
of fair industry. There is nothing more important to
the public generally than that they should be warned
of the artifices, and cautioned against the devices, of
such persons, that they should not be suffered unwit-
tingly to fall into the snares artfully designed for
their plunder, but that they should obtain the fullest
and most authentic information in every instance
where such publication may be beneficial. Public
journalists are seldom influenced by any private
motives in making such statements : they may not be
actuated by any feelings of malice or ill will to the
parties alluded to ; they may be quite ignorant of
their existence until the occurrences which they
report or comment upon have actually taken place,
and yet that malice will be implied, and every party
in any degree connected with the publication will be
held legally responsible, and subjected to proceedings
in several different forms, by any of which great ex-
pense and inconvenience will inevitably be entailed
upon him.
The liberty of the press is now justly regarded as
one of the greatest safeguards to the liberty of the
subject, and yet it is subjected to many serious draw-
backs and impediments. We are by no means ad-
vocates for any privileges that might possibly be
unduly acted upon ; we do not desire that the full and
fair freedom of discussion for which we contend should
be suffered to degenerate into licentiousness. We
gratefully admit the great benefit conferred upon the
press, and on the public generally, by the admirable
provisions of the Act- introduced within the last few
years by Lord CAMPBELL, but still we think that
something more may still be done to prevent the
wanton and vexatious proceedings by which all those
connected with that press may still be harassed and
annoyed. A distinction still subsists between libel
and oral defamation, for which we think there is no
sufficient reason. Words that would not be actionable,
if spoken of or concerning any person, will immediately
become so if published in a written form. Anything
will be regarded as libellous which in any degree
tends to hurt the feelings, or injure the reputation of
the complaining party.
Three different modes are afforded by which the
defendants can be attacked—by indictment, by in-
formation, or by a civil action for damages. If the
complainant should select the first of these methods,
the truth of the statement will not be a sufficient jus-
tification, and it was not until the passing of Lord
CAMPBELL'S Act, to which we have alluded, that the
defendant would have been permitted to prove that
truth, either as an excuse for the publication, or even
in extenuation or mitigation of punishment, and still
it will not be a sufficient defence unless it be also
specially pleaded and proved that it was for the public
benefit that the matters charged should be published.
The same may be said of a proceeding by information ;
an additional safeguard is, indeed, afforded to the
press, as no prosecution in that form can be instituted
'(save by the Attorney-General) until the permission
of the Court of Queen's Bench for that purpose has
been had and obtained, which permission will not Le
conceded unless the prosecutor by affidavit shall dis-
tinctly deny the truth of the charges imputed to him,
and it shall appear that he comes into court with clean
hands, and that his conduct with respect to the entire
transaction will bear the strictest investigation. This
is a just and equitable course; wherever the motive of
the injured party is to vindicate his reputation, to
clear his character from the aspersions cast upon it, to
justify himself in the face of the world, the fullest
opportunity is afforded to him of doing so, if in his
power. And, consequently, this is the mode adopted
by the great majority of honourable and high-minded
men, who are compelled to come before the public as
complainants, and no parties charged can utter any
complaints against the measure of justice which may
be inflicted upon them. But, unfortunately, a similar
protection does not exist with regard to either of the
other proceedings. Any vindictive person may bring
an action for damages, or prefer an indictment ex mero
motu. If he is willing to incur the risk of the costs
in case of failure, there is no check or restriction on
his power. Ile may be well aware that in case of a
verdict for the defendant it will be entirely out of his
power to reimburse the costs and expenses that must
necessarily be incurred in preparing for the defener,
in bringing a number of different witnesses from con-
siderable distances in order to establish the truth of
the justification pleaded, and he may speculate on
being able to extort an apology and the payment,
perhaps, of a sum of money by the certainty that the
defendant, even if successful, must incur a far greater
expense in defending than in compromising the action,
Surely such a state of things should not be suffered to
continue ; some protection should be afforded to those
whose duty it is to provide the public with authentic
information, and to pi;:)tect them from the machina-
tions of knaves and swindlers. This protection may
be afforded in either of two ways—viz., either by
providing that in any action or indictment brought
against the printer, publisher, or proprietor of any
public journal, the leave of the court should first be
obtained, as in cases of criminal information, or,
secondly, that in case the defendant should plead a
justification, and rely on the truth of his statements,
and that they were inserted for the public benefit, and
without express malice, he should be entitled to have
the proceedings stayed until the plaintiff should give
security for costs, as is now the case where the plain-
tiff resides out of the jurisdiction of the court, is
bankrupt or insolvent, &c. &c.
Such a course could not be injurious to any person
really aggrieved, and it would afford a great protec-
tion to innocent persons, and also be to the public
advantage, in preventing the guardians of their
interests from being obliged, from the fear of a
ruinous loss, to withdraw or apologise for true state-
ments. The proprietors of the Plymouth Journal

"4-d an apology, and paid a small sum
iwould have exempted them from
nitgoh might
o haveurt,
w o ffhei.c h
the heavy expenses 'which they were well aware they
should in any event :sustain ; but, in the high-minded
and conscientious discharge of their duty, they
scorned so cowardly a course, they established fully
and entirely the justice of their conduct, and the truth
of their assertions, to the satisfaction of the court and
jury, and they have to bear a loss of 2,000/. sterling for
so doing. We are rejoiced to find that a meeting has
been held at Plymouth, for the purpose of procuring
a public subscription in aid of the expenses incurred
by the proprietors. It is the cause of the people in
general, and we are convinced that they will not suf-
fer those who have passed the ordeal unscathed to he
out of pocket for their upright and honourable con-
duct. At this moment a handsome tablet, with a
' suitable inscription, erected in the place of greatest
resort in this city, and scholarships named after one
of our Contemporaries, a tribute alike honourable to
the donors and the recipients, attest the generosity,
the justice of that public; and we trust that the
proprietors of the Plymouth Journal, fully reimbursed
in their expenses and rewarded with the public appro-
bation for their straightforward and manly conduct,
may have no reason to regret their defence of the
action of Dr. HOLDSWORTH.

Madrid papers of the 31st ult. have arrived.

The Govia contains a notice from the General
Direction of the Administration of the Sinking Fund,
informing the public that " various titles, payable to
the bearer, of the Three per Cent. Stock, series E,
and of 48,000 reals capital, have been ascertained to
be forgeries," stating at the same time that the office
for the verification of these securities was open every
day, where the holders could always ascertain the
authenticity by presenting them. In noticing this
occurence El Tiempo says—

" Yesterday an unforeseen and scandalous occurrence
created a great sensation and produced a fall at the
Bolsa ; twenty-three forged Three per Cent. titles, each
of 48,000 reals, made their appearance. The conse-
quences of this fact, which may greatly injure public
credit and private interests, mi.ght hare been, and may
be still averted, if the titles were transferable, and not
payable to the holders, as they now are."
Senor MENDrZABAL was present at the opening of
the Cortes. The arrest of O,LOZAGA had excited the
indignation of all parties, and had been denounced
even by Count MUSSON as an act of tyranny. The
matter will be brought under the notice of
the Cortes at an early sitting. It was ru -
moured in Madrid, and a considerable degree of
credit was attached to the rumour, that OLOZAGA
had escaped from his guards at Briviesca.
MADRID BOLSA, DEC. 31.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 334 for cash; the Five per Cents. at 207,- ;
the Coupons at 184 ; the Debt without Interest at 64 ;
Lind the Vales at 8/1.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.

The Journal des Debats says.—

"It is confidently asserted that the same schism
which has made its appearance in the Opposition jour-
nals is on the point of bursting forth in the Chamber. It
is said that M. Billault and M. Dufaure separate them-
selves openly from M. Thiers, and that they cannot
digest a plan of acting which would force them to show
themselves more friendly to the English alliance than
M. Guizot himself."

The speech of the Queen of SPAIN is commented
on in some of, the papers, but they all of them admit
that it is a most insignificant affair. If, however, the
speech of the QUEEN is insignificant, there is much
significancy about the acts of her Ministers. Witness
the appointment of the Marquis DE ViLuma to the
Presidency of the Senate, and the arrest of Senor
OLozAGA. In speaking of the appointment of the
Marquis DE VILUMA, the Constitutiounel says—
"We have no need to refer to the previous history
of the Marquis de Viluma, an old Carlist, who joined
the Queen's paaty at a late period. M. de Viluma was
appointed Ambassador to London, but he was called to
Spain before he took possession of his office, and was ap-
pointed President of the Council at the period that an
unconstitutional measure was attempted at Barcelona,
which MM. Mon and Pidal, then Liberals, caused to be
defeated. The Marquis de Viluma, who only accepted
office in order to adv.,nce Absolutist doctrines, resigned
his functions, and became the leader of the Absolutist
Opposition in the Cortes, which he has since directed.
This is the man whom the Madrid Cabinet has appointed
President of the Senate. It may be easily imagined
what uneasiness has been created amongst the public by
the choice of the Marquis de Viluma. The Tiempo
deprecated such an appointment as inopportune, unsuit-
able, and of a bad signification. The Heraldo expressed
itself in the same terms, and added, that it had produced
an unfavourable imyression on all fractions of the ma-
jority. It perseveres in condemning and deploring it.
The nomination of the Marquis de Viluma coincides
with the creation of twenty new senators, at the head of
whom figures General Pczuela, the brother of the Mar-
quis, and several other persons, whose opinions in favour
of Absolutism are well known."

The arrest of OLoZAGA is denounced in all the
journals as a most daring violation of the electoral
law, proposed and carried during the last session of
the Cortes by the very Ministers who are themselves
the first to set its provisions at defiance.
" We cannot tell," says the Constitutionnel, " what
pretext M. Isturitz may have recourse to in justification
of such a violation of the privilege of the Deputies. An
attempt was made to prevent M. Olozaga from returning
to
grant Spain hi,bm a p
by
making the
the Ambassador at Paris refuse
tobut M. Olozaga obtained one
fro n the Consul4Bacytion,onne, by presenting to him the
certificateeand citing the law of 25th
‘
whichtelection,
inflicts the pain of death upon
v
preventing a deputy from repairing
every
April,
i l,functionaryi.
so 6, f his a
to his post. M. Olozaga having thus been enabled to
set his foot again upon the soil of Spain, nothing less
was necessary to prevent his taking his seat in the
an open violation of the law. It cannot
thhaant Ai. Olozaga was under any prosecution;
occasion of the celebrated affair of 1845,
cbCoero r
stoae
on the
tt h e
he succeeded in making his escape before any resolu-
tion against him had been come to by the Cortes, which
nearly returned.
soon afterwards became dissolved. At the ensuing elec-
tions M. Olozaga was one of the candidates for Madrid,
and W-as
very Never has he been
ordered to be put on trial, never bas any prosecution
against been commenced, the Spanish Ministry
having willingly suffered to lie dormant an affair which
it feared might bring forth revelations dangerous to itself.
It is in vain, therefore, for M. Isturitz, after a lapse of
three years, to attempt to revive against M. Olortga an
obsolete prosecution, or rather one that never existed,
and which, if it had been commenced, must now fall to
the ground by the force of his new election. It has,
therefore, wilfully and knowingly arrested a deputy
legally elected, and thus violated a law proposed by
itself. Such a commencement is a sad augury for the
session about to be opened. The nomination of M.
Viluma and the arrest of M. Olozaga sufficiently indi-
cate the spirit in which will be conceived the new laws
announced in the Queen's speech for the press and the
clergy. The creditors of Spain have been already un-
duly despoiled by restoring to the clergy, in the very
face of the law. the national property which was their
principal and surest guarantee. From this to the estab-
lishment of the ancient privileges of the clergy, accord-
ing to the desire of M. Viluma, there is but one step, and
this step will be taken without faltering. The Isturitz
Ministry has suspended the freedom of the press, and by
a simple ordonnance has subjected all the journals to a
censorship previously to-publication, and to an arbitrary
rule, which has already caused several to disappear. The
Queen announces the presentation of a law for regulating
the present law of the press. It is intended, probably, to
pass into law that which already exists in practice, and
to make an obedient Legislature sanction and consecrate
an oppressive rule, to which a change of Ministry would
be sufficient to put an end. Thus it will be seen that it
is impossible for any party to throw itself more boldly
into the path of reaction than M. Isturitz and his col-
leagues are doing. They are the less excusable, as they
cannot be blind to the effects of the task they are ven-
turing upon, and that they must know they are not
working for themselves. They are evidently only clear-
ing the way for the Absolutists, and immediately the
path is open M. Viluma will use it to reach the Govern-
ment, leaving to his predecessors nothing but the shame
af having gradually ruined the liberties of their country."
The National is very bitter on this4subject, which
it considers as an exemplification of M. GUIZOT'S
theory of
tion. It asks—.
monarchy and liberty acting in co-opera-

" What do you say to this proceeding? It is brief
and mild. A man elected in two places, protected by
the most express law, arrested and thrown into prison,
because it does not please the Government that he should
take his seat in the Chamber. These are little experi-
ments by the representative Government which M.
Guizot has set up in Spain, in order to give us before•
hand a taste of it. 110 you not imagine that Spain is
fortunate in being governed by. what is called the French
Party? and that a matrimonial alliance, the object of
which is to maintain such a regime, is incontestably the
best means of making the two nations friendly, and of
guaranteeing the secular interests which cause the two
sides of the Pyrenees to move in the same sphere? If
we were not afraid of appearing to be too curious, we
Mould like to know the opinion of the Debuts on this
little expedition a la Turque, provided it should not in
,any way derange the superb theory which represents
monarchy and liberty as acting in co-operation.
The condition of the Bank of France still continues
to occasion great uneasiness. The statement of the
accounts of the Bank for the last quarter of 1846
(made up to the 26th ult.) shows the following re-
sults :—Actif---The Bank had then in hand, cash,
72,734,792 f.; ineuas
discountsl, and loans, 244,453,397 f.
Branch
78,021,564 f. Rentes, public
a 1 Banks Accounts,
securities, and reserve fund, 64,240,807 f. ; credits and
various items, 1,131,751 f. Passif—The amount of
the bank notes in circulation, 259,459,801 f.; ac-
counts current, 111,507,428 f. ; capital and reserve,

81,900,000 f.; different items, 7,715,083 f. The dis-
counts, advances, and loans made during the quarter,
amounted to 519,767,400 f.; movement of accounts
current, private, 3,094,732,600 f.; public, 266,511,300 f.;
general movement of the caisse, 3,789,850,400 f.

The Commerce remarks on this statement in the
following manner :
" The general opinion in Paris is that since the 26th
of December the rest has again diminished, and that
it is this continued falling off which determined the
journey of M. Hottinguer to London. Last year, at the
same date, the reserve in cash at the Bank of France
amounted to 187,334,863 f., so that there is a reduction
of not less than 116,000,000. In examining the situation
of the ainle, it will be seen that this diminution do, s
not proceed from any facilities afforded to business, for
its discounts and advances of public securities and ingots
only reach the sum of 244,000,000, whereas in 1845
these items amounted to 252,000,000. Neither can the
reduction of its specie be attributed to its circulation, as
this circulation is only 10,000,000 less than that of last
year, and is nearly compensated for by the falling off
in the money advanced to trade. It would appear from
the statement furnished by the Bank of France, that
three causes have especially contributed to the with-
drawal of its specie ; first, the diminution of the ac
counts current, which from 118,470,005 f. (on Decem-
ber 26, 1845) have fallen to 61,565,281 f. (on December
26, 1846); secondly, the dimunition of the Treasury
account, which is reduced to 48,226,647 f., from' being
95,149,739 f.; and, lastly, the constitution of capital for
the new branch banks, and the advances which it was
found necessary to make them. The purchase of corn
in foreign countries, and even at home, explains the
withdrawal of the funds appropriated to accounts current.
But this withdrawal would not have caused any uneasi-
ness, had not the Treasury been obliged to take away a
great part of the funds which it had deposited at the
bank. It was no doubt most convenient for this estab-
lishment to be able to dispose of a sum of more than
one hundred millions for which it paid no interest,
whilst fifty millions of its capital of 67,900,000 f. were
invested in rentes. But this situation could not always
last, and the present crisis shows what a dangerous
path was entered on. Let the Treasury take away
the forty-eight millions which the Bank still owes it,
and the latter will see its specie reduced to twenty-three
millions—or not the tenth part of the notes in circula•
tion. The Bank of France has manifested the preten-
sion to replace, by its branch establishments, all the de-
partmental banks. Without entering here into an exa-
mination of this question, we may ask, is not the immense
danger of such a monopoly evident ? The Bank has a
disposable capital of only 17,900,000 f., since 50 are in-
vested in rentes; it is with this sum that it has to suffice:
• Ist. For the discounts of commerce of Paris ; secondly,
for the constituted capital of its branch banks (28
millions); and, thirdly, for the advances which it has be-
sides to make to these establishments, and which at
present amount• to upwards of 50 millions. Is it not
monstrous to see an establishment, not having a dis-
posable capital, constitute, from time to time capitals
for the branch banks which it establishes in tha depart-
ments, and that without any limit being imposed, and
without its being obliged to augment its capital? This
grave inconvenience we pointed out when the discussion
relative to the renewal of the Bank charter was going
on, but the present interest of the shareholders pre-
vailed, and nothing was done."

Shortly after - the opening of the Bourse on
Wednesday Bank shares fell 45f. ; they closed at a
fall of 20f.

The Budget to be presented to the Chambers will,
it is said, avow a deficiency of 35,000,000 f.
The Presse states that the provision crisis was not
yet at an end, and that, until the gathering in of the
next crop, France would be obliged to import
at least 5,000,000 hectolitres of foreign wheat.
" Some persons," it says, " estimate the quantity ne-
cessary at from 8,000,000 to 10,000,000 hectolitres.
Calculating it only at 5,000,000, it will entail on us
an outlay of upwards of 100,000,000 francs, which
we shall have to pay in bullion at periods of
six or seven months. The present circumstances ac-
cordingly impose upon us great prudence."

The QUEEN of the FRENCH has recovered from the
slight indisposition under which she was labouring a
few days since.
Algiers papers to the 30th ult. have been received.
The intelligence contained in them is unimportant.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris *Bourse on
Wednesday at 80f. 20c. ; the Five per Cents., 118 f. 60c. ;
the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,2451. ; Rouen, 9151.; Havre,
687 f. 500. ; Great Northern, 640 f. ; Avignon, 867 f. 50c. ;
Vierzon, 6021. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 562 f. 50c. ; Paris and Stras-
burg, 4851. ; Paris and Lyons, 508 f. 75c. ; Lyons and
Avignon, 487 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 455 f. ; Spanish
Domestic Debt, ;0%,

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JANUARY 7.

Boulogne and Amiens, 16%—Great Western Bengal, %
Jamaica South Midland Junction, 111,12—Louvain I la Sambre,
17s —Luxembourg, %—Northern of France, 10%/—Orleans
and Bordeaux, 81/2—Paris and Lyons Sl4—Rouen and
Havre, 271,1—Sambre and Meuse, 434.

PANAMA.

(FROIII 1. CORRESPONDENT.)

NOVEMBER 22,—The Pacific Steam Navigation Com-
pany's steam ship Ecuador, from Callao, W. Shannon,
Commander, has arrived here, bringing, in addition to her
usual passengers and cargo, the mails in continuation with
the Company's steamer Chile, which left Valparaiso on the
28th of October, from the under-mentioned ports in
Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and New Granada, of the
respective dates as undernoted:—
CHILE Valparaiso 2Bth of October
Coquimbo
Huasco
Copiapo 3oth ~
BOLIVIA ........ Cobija
PERU
Arica 3d n
Islay
Pico
Callao 7th „
Pay ta l4th „
ECUADOR Guayaquil l6th „
NEW GRANADA Buenaventura l9th ~

THE LATE V. ILLIAM EGERTON JEFFREYS, ESQ.—
We regret to record the death of this highly esteemed
gentleman, which took place on Saturday last, the 2d
instant, in the 73d year of his age. Mr. Jeffreys was a
magistrate of the county, and formerly a solicitor of
first-rate practice in Shrewsbury; was one of the ancient
freemen of the borough, who had served the office of
mayor in the old corporation, and was an alderman of
that body, being likewise a borough magistrate in the
new municipality, Ex. This might serve to show his
high standing as a townsman, but would convey no fur-
ther sense of the estimation in which he was held be-
yond the duties of his office and profession. Ile was,
happily for the times and his colleagues, an uncompro-
mising Tory, during 50 years of his active and useful
life—distinguished equally for the firmness and consis-
tency of his principles, the evidence of his talents, and
the amenity of his manners. These were the cause of
his being looked up to in all emergencies, both by the
leading gentlemen of the county and the town, whether
for his aid or for his advice; and never looked up to in
vain—his time was ever at the service of the people, in
fair weather or in foul, and his purse at the command of
their cause. his death is, therefore, as extensively felt
as it is deeply regretted; and in the absence of such a
man, in an age of lax Protestantism, and of defections
alike from post and from principle, we have lost one of
the great constitutional landmarks of other and better
times.—Shrewsbury Journal.

- -
THE WESTMINSTER IMPROVEMENTS.—Yesterday
in contemplation of the Westminster improvements,
several houses were disposed of by auction, by the
Messrs. Eversfield, by order of the Commissioners of
Woods and Forests, in order to be cleared away for the
new line of street. They are situated in Little Dean-
street, Westminster, and are the first that have been sold
for the purpose in question.
THE ADDRESS.—We understand that the Address
in reply to her Majesty's Speech will be moved i❑ the
House of Commons by Mr. Charles Howard, and se-
conded by Mr. Ricardo.
THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. Yesterday the
excavations for the conducting pipes of the electric
telegraph were commenced on Waterloo-bridge, so that
by Monday next it will have reached the central station in
the Strand, formerly the office of the Courier.
DUEL.—A duel has just taken place at Caen be-
tween two law students ; one of them received the
thrust of a sword in the side, but, the point having
broken against one of the ribs, the wound is not con-
sidered dangerous. This affair led to a meeting between
the seconds, who fought with pistols. One of com-
batants received a ball in the thigh. An inquiry has
been ordered by the authorities into this affair.
SIGNS OF DISTRESS.—The number of recruits
from different parts of the country brought up to West-
minster during the few days of the present year, has
been much greater than for many years past ; whilst
experienced recruiting sergeants state that the men are
in a far greater state of destitution than usual, even at
this season.

oßn ts
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contrivance
intended
frol PATENT
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being
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esavatl obr
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being
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affordd
the envelopespe rsons
correspondentsarenot
awn.hdosanftenrnwraiorsdistyr,enprlaacdedditchtieorneint,o sopraysintgo
into other people's business, overcomes their sense of
honour, from gratifying their predilections. Whatever
letter is once placed into one of these patent coverings,
and the seal properly compressed, can only be taken out
of it by tearing the envelope, so that the detection of
meanness is certain. The seal is formed of metal, the
under part projects about the eighth or tenth part of an
inch, or hardly so much, and when the lid, as it may be
termed, of the envelope is let down, it is received into a
metallic cap on the lid, a slight blow is then to be given
to the seal or cap, and it is so firmly incorporated with
the protuberance, that they are rivetted together, and
cannot be torn asunder. Some of the Government offices
have been supplied with then), and those in authority
have expressed their perfect approbation of them. Where
able invention.
secresy and rapidity are required, they are a most vale-
ERRATUM.—In the paragraph on the Crawford
peerage, which appeared in The Sun of yesterday, the
style of Sir Alexander Lindsay was incorrectly given.
It should have been Sir Alexander Lindsay of
" Dunrod," not Dumod.
We regret to learn that our respected representa-
tive, Mr. Fuller, is detained in Wales by serious indis-
position.—Brighton Gazette.

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SECOND EDITION.