The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-13 00:00:00

ri6,948. LONDON, WEDNESDAY E E N G SU Ny JANUARY 13, 1847.

WupYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
PROFESSOR SCIRENBEIN'S GUN COTTON, and other
Explosive Compounds, with brilliant Experiments, LECTURED on
y Dr. RYAN, daily at Half past Three o'clock; and on the Evenings
of Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
The principle of the various ELLCTRO-MAGNETIC TELE-
GRAPHS explained daily by Professor BACHHOFFNER, including
the Patent of M es srs. Cook and Wheatstone, in use on the railways, and
the more recent Patent of Messrs. Nott and Gamble ; the various
Models explained. Magnified Specimens of DISEASED POTATOES,
exhibited by the OXYHYDROGEN MICROSCOPE, with the DE-
STRUCTIVE INSECT, supposed by A. Smee, Esq., F.It.S., to be
the cause of the disease. A beautiful Series of NEW DISSOLVING
VIEWS. The DIVING-BELL and DIVER, with Experiments.
The PHYSIOSCOPE, new CHROMATROPE, &c:. Stc.
Admission Is. Schools, half-price.

ARGUS LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
39, THROGMORTON-STREET, BANK.
EMPOWERED BY SPECIAL ACT OF PARLIAMENT.
THOMAS FARNCOMB, Esq., Alderman, Chairman.
WILLIAM LEAF, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
Richard E. Arden, Esq. John Ilumphery Esq., Alderman,
William Banbury, Esq. M.P.
Edward Bates, Esq. Thomas Kelly, Esq., Alderman.
Thomas Camplin, Esq. Jeremiah Pilcher, Esq.
James Clift, Esq. Lewis Pocock, Esq.
Rupert Ligleloy, Esq.
PHYSICIAN—Dr. Jeaffreson, 2 Finsbury-square.
SURGEON—W. Coulson, Esq., 2, Frederick's-place, Old Jewry.
CONSULTING ACTUARY—Professor,Hall, of King's College.
LOW RATES OF PREMIUM.
Persons Assuring in this Office have the benefit of the Lowest
rates of Premium whichAs compatible;withthe safety of the Assured,
and which is. in effect, equivalent to,an,Annuabßonus ; they have
ikewise the security offa large subscribed capital—an Assurance
Fund,of nearly a Quarter,of MMillion—and an Annual Income of
upwardS of 60,000 t., arising from the issue of between 5,090 and
6,000 Policies.

ANNUAL PRIMIIIN TO ASSURR £lOO,

Age.

For One Year. I For, Seven Years.

Whole Term.

20 £0 17 3
30 1 1 3
40 1 b 0
50 1 14 1
60 3 2 4

£0 19 1
1 2 7
1 6 9
1 19 10
3 7 0

X 1 11 10
2 0 7
2 14 10
4 0 11
6 0 10

One-half of the " Whole- Term" Premium may remain on credit
for seven years, or one-third of the Premium may remain for life as a
debt upon the policy at 5 per cent., or may be paid off at any time
without notice.
Policies assigned as a security to others, will not be rendered void
in consequence of death by suicide, duelling, or by the hands of jus-
tice. In case of death by the above causes, where the Policies are
not assigned, the gross amount of Premiums received will be returned.
Claims paid in one month after proofs have been furnished.
The Medical Officers attend daily at a Quarter before Two o'Clock,
and Policies issued the same day.
EDWARD BATES, Resident Director.
A liberal Commission to Solicitors and Agents.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26 CORNHILL, LONDON.
Capital X 500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured
las, on all occasions, the power to borrow, witkout expense or for-
eiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ;
!so the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in-
, rests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible
ates.

DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare
a fourth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent. on the premiums paid
each Policy effected on the Profit scale.

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in
.ecember of the present year.
F. FERGUSON CAI4IROUX, Secretary.

CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL
LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
No. 78, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury.
Instituted 1824.
FOURTH DI% ISION OF PROFITS.
An extraordinary General Meeting of the Proprietors of this Society
will be held at the Office, on FRIDAY, the 29th instant, at Twelve
o'clock precisely, for the purpose of confirming the resolutions passed
at an Extraordinary General Meeting, held on Thursday, the 7th
instant, for the purpose of declaring a BONUS ; when the persons
Assured have the right of being present.
GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Secretary.
Jan. 12, 1847.

THE LIVERPOOL FIRE and LIFE
INSURANCE COMPANY.
Offices, 8, Water-street, Liverpool ; and 3, Charlotte-row, Mansion-
house, London.
LONDON BOARD
CHAIRMAN—RICHARD SPOONER, Esq., M.P.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN—WILLIAM EWART, Esq., M.P.
John Atkins, Esq. James D. Nicol, Esq.
Thomas Blake, Esq. Hon. F. Ponsonby.
Matthew Forster, Esq., M.P. John Ranking, Esq.
Frederick Harrison, Esq. J. M. Rosseter, Esq.
J. Maclean Lee, Esq. Wm. Wilberforce, Esq.
By the Act of Parliament obtained by the Company, it is expressly
conditioned that the liability of the Shareholders under the Policies
shall not be restricted by speeial contract, or otherwise.
INSURANCES AGAINST FIRE are undertaken on property of
every description in the United Kingdom, the British Colonies, and
in Foreign Countries.
LIFE INSURANCE.—Two scales of premiums, the one being
MUCH LOWER THIN USUAL, securing the amount of the policy with-
out soy addition ; the other, lower than the participating scales ge-
nerally adopted by companies offering uncertain bonuses, and
CARRyING GUARANTEED ADDITIONS on a plan entirely new and pecu-
liar to this Institution
PREMIUM TO INSURE 100/.

Without Additions.

Age 20. I Age 30. I Age 40. I Age 56. Age 60.
£1 13 7 I£2 2 6 £2 16 3 I£3 19 8 I£6 1 6
With fixed Annual Additions. after ten years.
Age 20. Age 30. Age 40. I Age 50. Age GO.
£1 19 0 £2 9 5 I
£3 5 5 £4 12 7 I£7 1 3

SWINTON BOULT, Secretary to the Company, Liverpool.
ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Resident Secretary, London.

DISEASED AND HEALTHY LIVES ASSURED.

MEDICAL, INVALID, and GENERAL LIFE
OFFICE, 25, PALL-MALL, LONDON, and 22, NASSAU-
STREET, DUBLIN.

Subscribed Capital, 500,0001.
At a numerous Meeting of the Proprietors held at the Company's
offices, 25, Pall-mall, on the 26th instant, it was shown by the report
of the Auditors and Directors--

That this Company was the first to Assure Diseased and Invalid
Lives in a systematic manner, and on the same safe and defined
principles as those on which ordinary offices assure Healthy Lives ;
and that at the present time it is the only Company furnished with
scientific and well-constructed tables showing the duration of life in
the different classes and various stages of disease.
That the Public have felt the urgent necessity for a Company
established en such principles, was rendered manifest by the fact,
that during the period of five years in which the Society had been
in business, no less than 2,051 proposals had been made to it, cover-
ing assurances to upwards of one million of money The number of
Polices issued far exceeds the average of that of most of the old and
successful offices in a similar period ; and the business has been
gradually progressive, the lumber of Policies issued during the last
year being nearly triple that in the first year of the Society's exist-
ence ; showing that as the establishment of the Company has become
more generally known, the public has more freely embraced the
peculiar advantages which it offers, thus affording every reason to
believe that the business of the Cempany will still go on rapidly in-
creasing.
That the number of deaths that have taken place has been under
the number estimated by the Tables of the Society by nearly ten
per cent. ; a strong proof of the safety and correctness of the data
and principles on which they are founded ; and that these facts
conclusively show that business in Invalid Lives can be transacted
with as much safety as that in Healthy Lives ; that the prejudice
which once prevailed against this class of business is rapidly disap-
pearing ; and that there are few companies which arc not satisfied
that this kind of Assurance may be done with security and profit, so
much so that several have now become anxious for it. That it is
also gratifying to be able to state that a very large proportion of old
established offices have latterly co-operated with this Society by
semling it a considerable amount of business.

That the public have derived a great benefit from the establish-
ment of this Company, is shown by the fact, that 66 per cent. of the
lives assured had been rejected by other offices; thus extending the
highly valuable benefits of Life Assurance to a large section of the
community not embraced by other companies. This result will be
the better understood when it is stated, that in the mature period of
life the deaths from one disease only, Consumption, in the principal
towns of England, are more than one-third of the total deaths in the
same period of life. And if an inquiry be instituted into the preva-
lence of other diseases also, such as Asthma, Dropsy, Diseases •f the
Head, Heart, &c. &c. &c., it will be found that more than one-half of
the whole population would, on medical examination, be refused ad-
mission into ordinary assurance offices.

The diseases here alluded to are such as exist in general in a
chronic form, frequently for many years prior to death, but which, on
a strict medical examination, would effectually exclude the persons
so affected from the benefits of Life Assurance ; and since it thus ap-
pears that a majority of the population is included in this class, the
value and importance of the new feature of this Society cannot fall to
be justly appreciated.
That the published document by this Society shows—
In the first place, That the peculiar features of this Society open a
larger field for business than all other Offices can have unitedly ; and
In the second place, That the risk of Assuring Diseased Lives
must, from its own nature, be less, and its principles be found to rest
on a mere satisfactory basis, than those which regulate ordinary
assurances.

That premiums have been determined for the assurance of persons
at every age, among those afflicted with consumption, asthma,
bronchitis pneumonia, disease of the heart, apoplexy, paralysis,
epilepsy, insanity, disease of the liver, dropsy-, scrofula, gout, rheu-
matism, Sec.
That in alt cases where satisfactory proof is given that the causes
for an increased rate of premium have ceased, a reduction in the
premium is made. _ _ .

Increased annuities are granted to Unsound Lives.
No extra Premium required on Healthy Lives, in the Army or
Navy, unless in actual service.

lIEALTFIY LIVES, both at home and in Foreign Climates, are
Assured with as much facility and at lower rates than at most other
offices; and a capital of half-a-Million sterling fully subscribed
affords a complete guarantee for the fulfilment of the Company's
engagements.

FRANCIS G. P. NEISON, Actuary.
N.B. Applications fOr Agencies to be made to the Actuary.
November 1846.

THE SELF-SUPPORT INSTITUTION,
(aided by Voluntary Contributions.) for the Cure of Stricture
of the Urethra, and all other Diseases of Urinary Organs, Nervous,
Local, and General Debility.
SURGEON—F. B. COURTENAY, 2, Chandos-street,
Cavendish-square.
To small tradesmen, clerks, mechanics, and the working classes
generally, this Institution offers, in all cases, gratuitous surgical
assistance, and in others medicine also freeaf expense.
Apply at the Surgery adjoinng the Surgeon's residence.

ROWLANDS' ODUNTO, or, PEARL DEN-
TIFRICE , a WIIITE POWDER far the TEETH, com-
pounded of the choicest and most reserche ingredients of the Oriental
Herbal, of inestimable value for preserving and beautifying the
Teeth and strengthening the Gums. It extirpates all tartaroos adhe-
sions to the Teeth, srul ensures a pearl-like whiteness to the ena-
melled surface. Its Anti-Septic and Anti-Scorbutic Properties arrest
the further progress of decay of the Teeth, induce a healthy action of
the Gums, and cause them to assume the brightness and colour indi-
cative of perfect soundness. The Breath also attains a fragrant
sweetness truly grateful to its possessor. Its truly efficient and
fragrant aromatic properties have obtained its selection by the Court
and Royal Family of Great Britain, and the Sovereigns and Nobility
throughout Europe, while the general demand at once announces the
favour in which it is universaaly held. Price 2s. 9d. per box.
CAUTION.—To protect the public from fraud, the lion. Commis-
sioners have directed the proprietors' name and address to be en-
graved on the Government stamp, thus "A. ROWLAND and SON,
20, Hatton-garden," and which is affixed on each box. Sold by
hem, and by Chemists and Perffimers.
BEAR

()LOURED PHOTOGRAPHIC
PORTRAITS.
85, King William-street, City ;
34, Parliament •street, Westminster;
And the Royal Polytechnic Institution, Regent-street.
" A great improvement has been effected by the patentee."—Times.
" Mr. Beard's portraits are most brilliant in eirect."—Spectator,

TWENT Y-F IV E THOUSAND POUNDS
is ready to be ADVANCED on APPROVED MORTGAGE
in ENGLAND, at Three per Cent. A term of years will he granted.
Principals alone may have the above, on application by letter, free
of postage, addressed to John James Coward, Esq., Lansdowne-
cr€ scent, Bath.

belonging to the merchants of their once powerful
enemy. Captain Glascock was not in bed for five nights,
and was on board the barque superintending the ship-
ping the rudder, and rendering his best assistance.—
Devonpot t Independent.

THE CORN TRADE.
BRITISH.
The excitement in the grain trade has rather increased
than diminished since our last, and there are at present
no symptoms of a pause in the upward movement. Every
day furnishes fresh evidence of the extreme scarcity pre-
vailing in Ireland ; and by the accounts received from
thence it is clear that the supplies hitherto sent from
hence—large as they have been—are as a drop in the
ocean. That the Irish will have to buy largely in Eng-
land up to the period of next harvest cannot be ques-
tioned ; and how we are to meet this unusual demand is
a startling proposition. It is not merely that which is
taken from us, but it must be borne in mind that in
ordinary seasons the densely-populated manufacturing
districts, which draw a large proportion of their supplies
from Liverpool, depend, ins great measure, on the
arrivals of bread-stuffs from the sister isle. This source
is not only withdrawn, but large shipments are daily
taking place from this to the other side of the Channel.
Can any surprise, therefore, be felt at the present state
of affairs? The enormous importations of 1846, nearly
2,000,000 quarters of wheat, and upwards of 3,000,000
cwt. of flour, have been almost wholly consumed. The
quantity of grain, &c., at present in bond in the United
Kingdom is trifling in the extreme: all parties engaged
in the corn trade, whether as merchants, factors, millers,
or dealers, are indifferently stocked: that farmers hold
less than usual at the commencement of a new year is
the prevailing opinion, and for two months we shall pro-
bably be without arrivals of importance from abroad.
We shall not expatiate nu theAirobable effects of this
state of things ; the facts are indisputable, and we leave
our readers to draw their own conclusions. Farmers
still act on the principle they have been guided by ever
since harvest—being satisfied with the rates obtainable,
they have all along supplied the markets freely. The
damp weather experienced during the greater part of the
week has been detrimental to the condition of the grain
of last year's growth ; but though the quality of the
wheat brought forward by the growers has in consequence
of this cause been decidedly worse than that of previous
supplies, a further advance of about 3s. per quarter has
been obtained at all the leading markets in the agricul-
tural districts. Till very recently the new wheat has
come to hand in such capital order as to render an ad'.
mixture of old almost unnecessary, but this is no longer
the case ; and it is, therefore, pretty certain that an
extra demand for the free foreign still on hand will be
experienced. At most of the out-ports the stocks of the
latter are very insignificant, and the recent shipments to
Ireland have also greatly decreased the quantity in
warehouse in London. Under these circumstances we
should not be surprised to see foreign bear a higher
relative value than English.
The advices from Liverpool of Tuesday, were of a very
exciting character ; wheat was then quoted 4d. to 61 per
701bs. higher than on that day se'nnight, and for wheat
meal 171. to 181. per ton was readily paid by the Irish
purchasers. Other articles sold at equally high rates,
say, American flour, 40s. per barrel in bond, and oatmeal
525. per load. Later in the week a further enhancement
was insisted on, and some large sales of wheat and flour
were made on Friday, the former bringing from 2d. to
3d. per 701b5., and the latter 6d per barrel, above Tues-
day's currency. The continued rise in the English mar-
kets, together with a lively local demand, has caused
prices
with f gr
uos;giain to run up
ndeed,as regards
anearly a
oats,
tss a, rt
hpe i da
dly in Scotland v
ao
coh as
as be
en
much greater there than in the south : and it is perfectly
clear that we cannot look for any further supplies of the
last-named article from that quarter.
By the latest accounts from Ireland we learn that a
large fleet of vessels corn-laden had arrived there from
England, a few cargoes from the south of Europe, and
several from America. This welcome supply had, how-
ever, little effect on the markets ; and quotations of
wheat meal, Indian corn, and indeed of almost all
articles of food, were then still so much above our
prices as to afford a good profit on shipments from
this side. An intelligent correspondent states that a
temporary re-action was the utmost that could be
looked for, as all parties were so exceedingly bare of
stocks as to render it certain that the corn would pass
into immediate consumption almost as soon as landed.
Potatoes, we are informed, had altogether ceased to come
to market.

The arrivals of wheat coastwise into the port of Lon-
don have been small this week, the total receipt up to
Saturday evening having amounted to only 9,830 quar-
ters. It is not surprising that the supplies should show
a falling off, as prices are at present lower in the metro-
politan than in several of the leading provincial markets;
and many of the shippers on the east coast, who usually
consign to London, have, no doubt, been induced to send
their property to those places which promise to give them
the best remuneration. The quantity of wheat exhibited
at Mark-lane, by land carriage samples from the neigh-
bouring counties, has also been scanty. On Wednesday
the show consisted of a few parcels on the Essex and
Kent stands, left over from Monday, for these higher
terms (were asked than would have been accepted
in the beginning of the week, which had the effect, in the
first instance, of checking the demand, but buyers find-
ing factors determined, were at last under the necessity
of paying the terms demanded, and an advance of about
Is. per quarter was established. On Friday the quan-
tity of English wheat on sale was even smaller than be-
fore, and some further enhancement was insisted on and
obtained for really good conditioned parcels ; the total
rise on Monday's currency may, therefore, be estimated
at ls. to 2s. per quarter. The inquiry for foreign free
wheat for shipment to Ireland has again become brisk ;
in the commence of the week there was an appearance
of a pause in the demand, but since then numerous orders
to buy have again come to hand from the sister isle, and
our stocks having been greatly diminished by the recent
important shipments, holders have declined selling, ex•
cept at rates ls. to 2s. per quarter above those previously
current. The damp weather experienced during the last
eight days has, as already remarked,
prendered a mixture
of old wheat more necessary than was reviously the
case ; and the millers have, consequently, taken the finer
sorts, such as Dantzic and the best red Baltic ; whilst
the ordinary qualities have been bought to be converted
into meal on Irish account. Inlbondecrwheat the opera-
tions have not been of much importance : owing to the
article having been held relatively higher than free, it
has failed to offer any inducement for speculative invest-
ments,and prices being now too high here to allow of the
execution of the orders which have come to band from
France, few bargains have been closed.
Quotations of town-manufactured flour have remained
stationary since Monday, nor has any further advance
taken place on country flour bran
; but good ds of Ameri-
can in bond, as well as free, have been held at rather over
previous terms.
The great rise established in barley on Monday. has
failed to draw supplies to this market, and the arrivals
into London, including 9,311 quarters from abroad, have
amounted to only 12,055 quarters. The maltsters and
distillers have, therefore, found it difficult to secure the
quantity requisite for their immediate wants, and the
sales made have been concluded on terms decidedly in
favour of the seller. For the best
malting qualities 635.
per quarter has been paid, and other descriptions have
produced corresponding prices.
Malt has risen in the like proportion; and as the stocks
of that article are known to be very short, a further ad-
vance is anticipated.
Small as the supplies of oats have for some time been,
a further falling off is exhibited this week in the receipts.
We are disposed to think that the time has now arrived
when this grain would feel the influence of the very
great enhancement which has taken place in other sorts
much effe,ct
a on
n ratesth the
of corn without hitherto producing
value of oats. On Wednesday there was certainly an
increased disposition to buy, and towards the close of
market the dealers took off a fair quantity
hardly obtainable in the beginning of the w eek. On
Friday th 3 anxiety to purchase was more general,
and
those
prices fully is. per quarter above
freely paid.
been held very firmly since our
English Beans have again to have somewhat
last, but the demand seems
slackened ; and, though the qu_antity brought forward
has been only moderate, the advance on previous rates
has not exceeded is. per quarter. For floating cargoes
quiry, and
of Egyptian Beans there has been an in ' se-
veral bargains have been closed at 44s to 455. per
quarter.
The rise in the temperature has had the effect of
checking the demand for boiling-peas,
but there has not
been the slightest giving way on the part of the holders ;
indeed, they were on Friday unwilling to accept Mon-
day's terms.
The offers of cargoes of Indian corn on
passage to
this country have rather increased,. but the quantity on
the spot is still insignificant. This article has not ex-
cited quite so much attention as recently, still its value
is relatively high as compared with that of either wheat
of spring corn.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

CHRONlCLE.—lnsignificance is the character of the
speech of the King of the French. If worthy of remark
at all, it is rather for what it leaves unsaid than for what
it says. Hitherto we have been in the habit of looking.

in such a document fora stereotyped phrase about the
cordial understanding subsisting between France and
Great Britain, and although many may think such a
form of expression merely one of the banalities usual on
these occasions, the absence of it now may almost be
said to be a European calamity. We look up and down
the speech in vain for anything like a mention of the
relations subsisting between the two leading countries of
Europe. We find nothing but an expression of the hope
that their mutual efforts may be successful in the pacifi-
cation of the River Plate ; and a general intimation (in
which we presume Great Britain is included) of King
Louis Philippe's belief that the peace of the world may
be preserved. And yet, strangely 'enough, by the side
of this paragraph we find a lamentation over the
breach of a treaty which is the basis of that general
peace ! What, then, are to be the keystones of the future
policy of France, if we are to go upon the authority of
the royal speech at the opening of the Chambers? Spain
certainly; probably Russia. The insignificant commer-
cial treaty lately negotiated with Russia (from which it
is difficult to see the advantage to be derived by French
subjects) is thought deserving of especial notice. A de-
cent veil is thrown around the mystery of the abortive
negotiations with the Czar subsequent to the Montpen-
sier marriage. " I have concluded," says the French
King, " with the Emperor of Russia a treaty of naviga-
tion, which guarantees to us, by a just reciprocity in
our maritime relations with that empire, advantages
which it was important for us to secure." Baffled twenty
times in his efforts to conciliate the Imperial Court,
King Louis Philippe returns to the charge with un-
wearied pertinacity. If the Czar will receive a compli-
ment in no other form, he must needs receive it in the
royal speech, and feel convinced of one thing at least—
how much the King of the French is his obedient
humble servant. We do not, however, wish to strain a
point, or to discuss as a probable contingency any inti-
mate relation between France and Russia. There are two
very strong reasons why such a relation should never
advance beyond its inchoate form in the brain of King
Louis Philippe. The first is, that the Emperor of
Russia, for various motives, personal and political,
would never for a moment entertain the thought; the
second, that the French people themselves would never
consent to the necessary sacrifices of liberty to Abso-
lutism in Spain, Italy, and Germany, which must be
given in such a case, as a guarantee of the sincerity of
the French King. The bugbear of a Russo-French
alliance is the merest hallucination of a professional al-
liance-monger. We turn next to a topic which precedes
this velleity for a Siberian system in King Louis Phi-
lippe's speech—the mention which is made of Spain, and
the late manoeuvres of M. do Bresson in tho Peninsula.
This time the exultation of the King is no longer dis-
guised. He comes before the Chambers not to excuse,
but to gloat over his gains. You would think, on read-
ing tho paragraph, that the cards have not two sides.
The " funeral baked meats " of the deceased republic of
Cracow follow, indeed, in the speech closely on " the
marriage service " of Montpensier, in a reverse order
from the old instance in the play; but the
connexion between the two is as carefully
concealed. You are left to suppose that the
nuptials were a happy event, perfect and complete
in themselves, without any consequence or bearing upon
the obliteration of Cracow from the map of Europe.
Cracow again, and the destruction of its nationality,
stands out as a fortuitous event, disconnected with all
other topics of the royal speech. We are simply told,
"The republic of Cracow, an independent and neutral
state, has been incorporated with the empire of Austria."
What next? "I have protested against that infraction
of the treaty." The official protest we printed the other
day in all its unmeaning flaccidity; it must be fresh in
the remembrance of our readers. That was the official
act which was the object of the French King's allusion.
The paragraph in which the recent achievements of M.
de Bresson at Madrid are set forth must sound strangely
in a Spanish ear. We had thought that the occupation
of the Peninsula by the French armies during the wars
of Napoleon—the more recent armed advance into the
country, against which Mr. Canning struggled so long
and so fruitlessly—the utter neglect of the fulfilment of
King Louis Philippe's promises to aid the cause of con-
stitutional liberty in the still more recent and protracted
struggle—could not be altogether forgotten at Madrid.
But it is upon the discussion on the Address, and not in
considering this speech, that the whole of this subject
must be gone into. It is with sincere sorrow and sym-
pathy that we read the paragraph of King Louis Phi-
lippe's speech which alluded to the scarcity and distress
now existing in France. Of the reality of these suffer-
ings we fear there can be little doubt. .

-TIMES.—The French Chambers have seldom been
convoked under circumstances of greater interest than
those which attend the opening of the present session.
The Chamber of Deputies elected in the course of the
last summer now enters for the first time on the active
discharge of its important functions ; and in many re-
spects the position of the country in its relations to the
rest of Europe is as novel as the composition of the
assembly to which these momentous subjects are about
to be submitted. The Ministry, which has hitherto been
taunted and assailed for its alleged subserviency to
foreign influence. is now menaced by a part, at least, of
the Opposition with a directly contrary accusation, and
is attacked for having sacrificed an important foreign
alliance to a narrow view of the interests of the reigning
family of France. On the question of the English alli-
ance the leading members of the respective parties may
be said to have changed sides ; for, although we have
little doubt that they will vie with each other in assur-
ances of their future good-will towards this country,
this country has not forgotten the history of the last few
months, and the rapid ingenuity with which a groundless
suspicion of the good faith of an English Minster was
converted into a powerful instrument for the aggrandise-
ment of the house of Orleans and the subjection of Spain.
The speech delivered by King Louis Philippe on Monday
last is chiefly remarkable far the art with which the real
difficulties of the posture of affairs in Europe are dis-
guised or avoided. The lesser fact is so presented as to
mask the greater uncertainty. With reference to the
marriage of the Duke de Montpensier, the whole
policy of that transaction is boldly avowed, and if the
family compact had been renewed in precise terms, the
relations of the French and Spanish branches of the
house of Bourbon could not have been more perspi-
cuously described. After a declaration of this magni-
tude and importance, there is a burlesque affectation in
adverting to the concert of the French Government with
that of the Queen of England—in the affairs of the
River Plate! To that distant part of the globe the
entente cordiale, which was the glory and the joy of
former kings' speeches, has now receded ; and though
we sincerely share the hope that the operations of the
combined forces in the River Plate may re-establish the
security of our commercial relations there, it must be
acknowledged that the success of the united policy of
France and England in that quarter has not been so
brilliant as to compensate for the cessation of their
union in other places. In like manner, the conclusion of
a treaty of navigation with the Emperor of Russia is
ostentatiously adverted to, and it is, we believe, the first
time that Louis Philippe has had an occasion to intro-
duce the name of that Sovereign in conjunction with his
own. But a treaty of navigation is a flimsy veil to draw
over the policy of the Russian Court ; and the very next
sentence of the speech reminds us of that " unexpected
event which has impaired the state of affairs founded in
Europe by the last treaty of Vienna," although it scorns
that neither this nor any other occurrences has abated
the King's " firmest confidence that the peace of the
world continues secure." We must be permitted to
observe, that the subjects to which his Majesty has thus
been pleased to advert do not corroborate the general
assurance which serves to introduce them, and that if the
etiquette of the royal solemnity had allowed a some-
what closer examination of the real state of Europe, at
no period of the King's reign would we have discovered
deeper grounds of apprehension and anxiety. He stands
alone, not at the close of a brief crisis, like that of IS4O,
which had been exaggerated far beyond its real import-
ance, but at the commencement of a period when, in
Italy, in Germany, in Switzerland, in European Turkey,
and perhaps in Spain and in Greece, the most important
occurrences may be expected. We trust that it will
prove that the great interests arising out of these ques-
tions will unite, instead of dividing the policy of France
and England; but the destruction of all confidence in
the Sovereign, who exercises so direct a control over the
foreign relations of his own Government, is a sorry pre-
lude to a system of combined action. At this very time,
the representatives of the Northern Cabinets in Paris
and the French Court are playing a game on bath sides,
by which neither party is really deceived, but which
Opens the path to as much connivance at unjust and
arbitrary acts, and as great a sacrifice of the national
dignity of France, as the King can give with impunity.
To what slender proportions, after all,has the resentment
of France for the annexation of Cracow been reduced!
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sionate members of it must be aware that the state
of Europe is materially compromised by a sullen
adherence to the main subject of difference. These are
views to which the friends of peace in bath couutries
will, no doubt, eventually lend themselves, though we
must still mark our deep sense of the breach of faith and
of policy of which we have had to complain. But the
force of events, wisely directed, is more likely to bring
the two countries together than to sever them, although
any attempt at this time to restore the close relations
which have been so rudely disturbed would undoubtedly
fail. As some allusion has been made by our Paris
correspondent to the visit of an English gentleman to
that capital, to whom public rumour has ascribed some
such mission of reconciliation, it may not be superfluous
to state, that Mr. Greying is understood to have no such
mission whatever. No man, indeed, can be more
generally known or more highly esteemed in the leading
ranks of political society in both countries ; no man
would be more fitted to remove the asperity which may
have affected their intercourse. But a private visit to
Paris has been accidentally magnified into an important
negotiation; and the political consequences attached to
this circumstance have probably been grossly exagge-
rated.
ADVERTISER—One of the greatest legal injustices
we have met with for a long time was enacted at Bow-
street on Saturday. The recruiting sergeant of a
dragoon regiment summoned Mr. Searle, the landlord
of the Salisbury Arms, Durham-street, in the Strand,
for refusing to billet two recruits. In the absence of
her husband, who was confined to his bed by illness,
Mrs. Searle pleaded guilty to the charge, adding, that
she considered that no licensed victualler ought to be
called upon to answer for refusing to admit men who
were so badly clothed that they could scarcely cover
their nakedness, and who were "in the most filthy and
disgusting state of nastiness.l! Neithes her husband nor
herself ever objected to admit soldiers with billets into
their house; but, rather than admit such persons as were
sent to her in the present instance, she would pay a
penalty of twenty pounds. To all this, Mr. Henry, the
presiding magistrate, replied that it was a duty thrown
upon licensed victuallers by law. and the moment
recruits were attested, although not in uniform,
they were entitled to all the privileges of soldiers !
Now, we beg to say, that in our humble opinion,
a suit of clothes is one of the privileges of a soldier. It
is, moreover, quite as claimable a privilege on the part
of society that men shall not, whether it be owing to
their fault, or their misfortune, be suffered to shock
public decency by appearing in the streets, or by being
forced on licensed victuallers in such want of clothes
that they can scarcely cover their nakedness. And the
conclusion we draw from these two propositions is, that
since the law has thrown the duty of billeting on the
licensed victuallers, the recruiting sergeant, or his supe-
riors, ought to sea that their recruits are in something
like a presentable appearance. We are quite ready to
accede to Mr. Henry's interpretation of the statute, so far
as to grant that from the moment recruits are attested
they are entitled to all the privileges of soldiers, although
not in uniform. But uniform is one thing, and the
form of nature is another! Nor can we agree with him,
if he would go so far as to say that it was ever intended
by the Legislature, that persons " in the most filthy and
disgusting state of nastiness" should be forced sub pernci,
into the house of a licensed victualler! The important
question of public health demands that if they are to be
billeted in rags, they should at least have received the
blandishment of a preparatory wash. Instead of Mr.
Searle being fined forty shillings, we beg to say that he
was rather entitled to the thanks of the community, and
of the Legislature in particular, for refusing to believe
that one of their Acts could admit of so dirty an inter-
pretation as was tried to be put upon this one
by the recruiting sergeant of dragoons. At
best the system of billeting is open to very
grave objections. With barracks in every part of
London, it not only seems, but it is a hardship, awl a
very great one, that every " raw recruit," and, we must
add, every naked and filthy one, should be saddled on a
licensed victualler. We know the nuisance has been
borne, and is still borne with the greatest possible good
nature and cheerfulness ; but no one will pretend that
it is anything but a nuisance, and one which we cannot
believe to be necessary. At all events, the least return
that can be made to the civility which endures with kind-
ness rather than reproaching, is to secure cleanliness
and decency. It is no very unreasonable request, but it
is both unreasonable and morally wrong, and, in our
opinion, legally wrong too, to set a penalty on the re-
fusal to admit men who are neither clean nor decent!
We do not speak without consideration when we state
our confidence that this question, were it placed before
a judge of the superior courts, and a jury of twelve
disinterested men, would receive a very different adjudi-
cation than that which it received from Mr. Henry.

REPEAL OF THE WINDOW-TAX.
Last night a meeting of delegates from the metropo-
litan parishes was held at the Court-house, Marylebone,for the purpose of considering the most effective mea-
sures for obtaining a repeal of the window duties, and also
to form a deputation to wait upon Lord John Russell.
The chair was taken by Mr. G. DANIELL, who said it
was useless to attempt any sanatory measures without a
total repeal of the window duties. Upwards of 50,000
children died annually from impure atmosphere. In
Marylebone there were 15,000 houses, and 1,022 per-
sons in the same parish were disfranchised, which he con-
tended also showed the paramount necessity of abolishing
the window duties.—(Cheers.)
Lord DUNCAN, M.P., then addressed the delegates,
expressing his satisfaction in coming forward. Although
he had been 100 miles off that morning, when he re-
ceived the letter requesting his attendance he felt happy
to be present at so numerous a meeting, since it con-
vinced him that the agitation for the repeal of the win-
dow tax was gaining ground. In 1845 he brought the
subject before the House of Commons; in the last ses-
sion that House was so engaged in the corn and other
questions that little had been done with regard to the
window tax. When, however, the matter was brought
before the House no one was prepared to de-ay that the
tax was unequal and unjust. He (the Noble Lord) had
proved that it pressed most unequally upon the poorer
classes, and had showed that if the larger houses were
visited with the same duties as the smaller houses, a
much greater amount would be collected, because houses
with a large amount of window duties gradually dimi-
nished to something like 3s. a window, while a tax of 7s.
or Bs. was levied on small houses.—(" Hear," and ap-
plause.) The Noble Lord then called the attention of
the meeting to the disfranchisement that had taken place
in consequence of the window duties.
Sir CHARLES NAPIER, M.P., said he coincided in
opinion with the Noble Lord, that the window tax was
both unpopular and unjust, and that it ought to be abo-
lished.—(Hear.)
Arrangements were then made for the appointment of
a deputation from the metropolitan parishes, to wait
upon the Premier, and the meeting adjourned.

PAINLESS SURGICAL OPERATIONS.—Guy's Hospi- '
tal yesterday was crowded to excess by numbers of the
medical profession from all parts of the metropolis and
the country, to witness the results of two surgical opera-
tions under the new process of inhalation of ether. The
first case was that of a boy, twelve or fourteen years of
age, for lithototay (stone in the bladder). When brought
into the theatre and bound as usual, Mr. Robinson, of
Gower-street, the inventor of the apparatus, offered the
pipe for inhalation. At first he refused, but by some
tact the pipe was introduced and the nose closed, and in
two minutes Mr. Robinson said the patient was ready.
The operation then commenced, and in one minute more
was completed by Mr. Morgan. The boy, after his re-
moval to the ward, was visited by the surgeons, and on
being shown the stone he said, " You never took that
from me, I knows, as I never felt it." The next case was
still more extraordinary. The patient, a man, suffering
from congenital hernia, when brought into the theatre,
readily took the vapour for five or six minutes. Tre
word was then given to Mr. Key by Mr. Robinson to
commence the operation, and the patient was under the
surgeon's knife from fifteen to twenty minutes. On
being asked by those around if he had felt pain he re-
plied, "None in the world. I have been looking at
those gentlemen outside." lie alluded to numbers of
gentlemen who, being unable to gain admittance, had
recourse to the skylight of the theatre. Mr. Morgan
and Mr. Key pronounced the results to be perfectly sa-
tisfactory.
NEW BRITISH IRON COMPANY.—Yesterday the
annual meeting of this concern wai held at the office of
the company in Threadneedle street. The chair was
taken by William Routh, Esq., who gave a very favour-
able account of the operations of the comany for the
past year. The total of pig iron manufactured in the
year was 52,309 tons, and of finished iron 41,944 tons.
He had the satisfaction of stating that the company's
means of production were now so great a; to enable
them to make 1,300 tons of pig iron per week insteed of
1,000 as in the former year. By this time twelve monthshe hoped the proprietors would find the stateie d
their
accounts equally favourable as at present. The
proposed a dividend of 20s. per share, payable onlF'rercidtoar)s,
next. Four directors, namely, Josephlioare, Charles
Kerr, John Hurdis Ravenshaw, and John Horsley
Palmer, Esqs., who retired by rotation, were re-elected
unanimously, and Joseph Ricardo, Esq., was re-elected
an auditor of the company. Mr. lichens moved a
vote of thanks to the directors of the company, which
was
seconded and passed unanimously, when the meet-
ing adjourned.
ST. PANCRAS.—Yesterday a meeting of the Direc-
tors and Guardians of the Poor of St. Pancras was held
in the Board-room of the Workhouse, King's-road,
Camden Town ; Mr. B. J. E. Wright in the chair. Mr.
M`Gahey, the vestry clerk, stated to the Board, that he
had on Thursday last, pursuant to appointment, at-
tended at Somerset-house, and was examined by the
Poor-law Commissioners, Sir Francis Edmund, Messrs.
Lewis and Nicholls, and also an Assistant Commissioner,
Mr. Hall, with a short-hand writer. Mr. M'Gahey re-
quested to be allowed to write down the questions and
answers, but was refused, and informed that a copy of
the depositions should be given him. The inquiries
were generally as to the mode of administration of relief
to the out-door poor, and other things connected with
the management of the workhouse. Mr. M'Gahey had
been under examination for about an hour at Somerset-
house, but he had not yet been supplied with a copy of
the depositions as promised. After some slight discus-
sion, it was resolved that the depositions should be laid
before the Directors as soon as they were forwarded to
Mr. M`Gahey.