The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-09 00:00:00

must prove utterly ruinous to our mercantile and I
manufacturing interests, and to the entire of the
working population of the country, yet it was
valuable, because it proved the inadequacy of the
present laws, and that the Ministers had decided on
an alteration thereof, whatever might be the cha-
racter of that alteration. Parliament, too, had been
convened to assemble at an early period, within a
fortnight from the day of the interview, and the
Premier would naturally enough desire that
he should be the first himself to state
the nature of the proposed reforms to the
Members of the Legislature. All, then, that could
have been expected was a polite and courteous recep-
tion, a patient and attentive audience, and these
were accorded to the deputation ; and if no satisfac-
tory or favourable answer was returned, there was at
least nothing adverse to the principles which were
advocated ; and we may reasonably hope that the
great truths that were advanced, pointing out the
inevitable consequences that must result from an ob-
stinate adherence to the pernicious laws now in force
were not without their effect on the mind of a Minis-
ter really anxious (as we believe him to be) to for-
ward the best interests of the nation.
But the people should not, therefore, be apathetic
or quiescent. This is peculiarly the time for action.
That there will be a change is certain, but we believe
that no person can as yet state the character or
extent of that change. It is by no means improbable
that, after passing an Act indemnifying the Bank for
the recent violation of the Act of 1844, and affording
some temporary aid for the relief of the existing
distress, a searching inquiry into the operation of the
monetary laws may be directed, and that thus the
measures from which the nation can alone hope for
real prosperity may be postponed. But what neces-
sity can there be for this investigation—what testi-
mony can add to the strength of the evidence already
adduced, to the truth of which every day's experience
givesadditionilcorroboration—what reports ofcommit-
tees can impress more fully the propriety of a great and
comprehensive measure of reform ? The people should
be well aware that the granting a Committee is too
frequently the means by which an inconvenient
question is put upon the shelf, and they should
lose no opportunity of calling for immediate le-
gislation on the subject. Every delay, too, is
in the highest degree injurious to all our interests.
Will our unemployed operatives;be contented to en-
dure privations, and to remain without earning the
means of subsistence for their families, because an
inquiry is carried on ? No, it cannot and must not
be—at least, unless some adequate relief is imme-
diately granted. It is easy to speak of over specula-
tion as the cause of our distresses—to ascribe it
to every cause but the real ones, which in the resolution
unanimously adopted by the meeting have been properly
described as " the cruel and fraudulent laws that
regulate the monetary system, and which are in
their nature a warrant of ruin against every
enterprise of industry." The communications which
are to be made by the Birmingham Currency Asso-
ciation to Liverpool and other commercial towns,
with a view to obtain their co-operation, will be
productive of the best results, and the pledge
that one thousand pounds shall be imme-
diately raised and placed in the hands of
the Association, for the purpose of defraying
its expenses, shows that the meeting was really
earnest in its determination, and resolved to spare no
means to attain its objects. Many thousands, how-
ever, should be made applicable for this purpose.
The large funds collected by the Anti-Corn-law
League were amongst the chief elements of its
gigantic strength, and materially advanced the period
of the triumphant termination of its labours.

King CHARLES ALBERT left Turin on the 3d inst.
for Genoa, accompanied as far as Roubatto by the
population of that city.
The Augsburg Gazette of the 3d of November,
under date Naples, October 24, states that the open-
ing of very important diplomatic negotiations was
expected in that capital, as well as the arrival of an
English and French fleet.
The French squadron, commanded by the Prince
DE JOINVILLE, was still lying in the Bay of Spezzia
on the Ist. It was, however, rumoured that it would
shortly sail for Naples.

The Swiss Diet met on the 4th at Berne, and after
a discussion of four hours adopted the following re-
solution, by the ordinary majority of twelve and two
half-cantons (Berne, Zurich, Glaris, Soleure, Schaff-
hausen, St. Gall, Grisons, Argau, Thurgovia, Ticino,
Vaud, Geneva, Bale country, and Appenzell ex-
terior) :
"The Federal Diet, considering that by the decree
of the 20th of July of this year, the separate alli-
ance of the seven cantons of Lucerne, Uri, Schwytz,
Unterwalden, Zug, Friburg, and Valais has been de-
clared incompatible with the dispositions of the fede-
ral compact, and in consequence dissolved ; that the
above-mentioned cantons have been rendered respon-
sible for the observation of the decree, and that the
Diet has resolved, if circumstances should require it,
to take ulterior measures. Whereas, the deputations
of the cantons composing the Sonderbund have al-
ready declared in the sitting of the 22d of July that
they did not acknowledge this decree—whereas,
the above-mentioned cantons did make, before the
20th of July and after this date, extraordinary
military preparations, raised field works, pro-
cured arms and munition from a foreign country,
evidently with the intention of opposing by force
of arms the execution of the decrees formed by the
Diet—whereas the same cantons not only did not
observe the decree of the 11th of August, by which
they were seriously warned to abstain from all that
could disturb the public peace, but that after as well
as before this decree they have acted contrary to the
decisions of the Diet, in constructing redoubts, and
in continuing their extraordinary preparations—
whereas access to the authorities charged with giving
the instructions, and to the lawdsgemeinde of the can
tons in question, has been refused to the federal
representatives nominated by the Diet, circulation
of the conciliatory proclamation, dictated in a spirit
of confederate friendship, has been forbidden almost
everywhere ; and in the canton of Lucerne this de-
cree has been assimilated to an offence punishable by
law—whereas the propositions tending to effect a
reconciliation made since then have been repelled by
the same seven states ; and all the efforts that have
been tried with the intention of prevailing upon
them by pacific means to acknowledge and accom-
plish the federal duties which they had sworn to
fulfil were fruitless—whereas the deputations of
these cantons quitted, on the 29th of October, the
Diet, as well as the seat of that assembly; and by
this act, combined with the declarations made at the
same time, and the military preparations in progress
ever since, placed themselves in open hostility
to the Confederation—whereas the compact ordains
and the Diet is bound to enforce respect to the de-
crees it has adopted, in virtue of the powers vested in
it by the federal compact, and must employ every
means placed at its disposal by said compact to put a
I period to a state of things menacing the internal and
external security of the Confederation.
"Agreeably to the articles 1,6, and 8 of the
federal compact, the Diet decrees the following :
" Art. 1. The decree of the Diet, dated July 20, of
the present year, respecting the dissolution of the se-
parate league, concluded between the cantons of Lu-
cerne, Uri, Schwytz, Unterwalden, Zug, Friburg,
and Valais, shall be carried into execution by force of
arms.

The recommendation with which, on Friday even-
ing, we accompanied our remarks upon the inaugu-
ration of the government of Lord DALHOUSIE over
the British possessions and dependencies in Ilindos-
tan, is one of such peculiar importance as to justify
some more explicit and detailed allusion. That re-
commendation, it will be remembered, had reference
to the facilitation of transit throughout the Asiatic
peninsula, by the laying down of a network of rail-
ways. We then observed that steam communication
would, among a multitude of other advantages,
ensure a larger amount of enterprise in the culture of
our cotton plantations, and thereby render the manu-
facturers of the United Kingdom less dependent
upon the United States. Experience, statistics, and
the deductions of the commonest sense, would
assure us that such must obviously be the con-
sequence of such a movement among the
authorities of British India ; and an intel-
ligent correspondent of a morning contem-
porary has just corroborated our inferences
by facts accumulated both by personal inspection and
indirect inquiries. Without plunging into anything
like perilous speculations, the Earl of DALHOUSIE
may impart to his administration in the presidency
of Bengal a lustre more brilliant and permanent than
that diffused by territorial conquests. There is no
longer a necessity for enhancing the power of the
Company by the acquisition of new dominions : there
is no longer a pretext for continuing our spoliation
as conquerors, or of enhancing the magnificence of
our Oriental Empire by those deeds of subjugation
which have been forced upon us through the
jealousies of adjacent kingdoms. The kingdom of
Oude—the impoverished domain of the last successor
of SUJAH DOWLAH—wiII in all likelihood be incor-
porated with our possessions in Ilindostan imme-
diately anterior to the arrival of the new Governor-
General at Calcutta. One other portion of the
peninsula will then remain to be conceded to us for a
pecuniary consideration by its incompetent ruler, the
Nizam of the DECCAN. Whether these additional
acquisitions be completed in succession by Lord
HARDINGE or by his successor, it is certain that they
must be ultimately effected, and it is equally certain
that in the present position of affairs in the East
there is no immediate probability of any further
extension of British authority. The casualties
of time and the vicissitudes of events may,
unquestionably, arouse into activity the enor-
mous strength of a military character, now
lying dormant in Hindostan. The stupendous
peace establishment still maintained in India, con-
sisting of no less than 194,000 armed men, may be
again transformed into a war establishment; and the
achievements of CLIVE and COMBERMERE may be ex-
celled even beyond the northern slopes of the Hima-
layas, but the prospect afforded to the Earl of
DALHOUSIE, on the assumption of his Vice-Regal
sceptre as Governor-General, is one of quiescence
and of civic activity.
It behoves the successor of HARDINGE, therefore,
to consolidate, by sagacious legislation, the vast ter-
ritories which have been acquired by strategy and
prowess. It behoves him to emulate the renown of
his most distinguished predecessors rather by the be-
nignity of his enactments than by the terror of his
arms, rather by the accuracy of the baladce than by
the sharpness of the sword. If he aspires to inscribe
his name in luminous characters in the history of the
Indian Government, he must do so by civilization
more than by conquests. The glory of CLIVE; the
intellectual scope of HASTINGS ; the determination of
CORNWALLIS ; the skill of BARLow, the precision
Of WELLESLEY ; the tact of MINTO ; the
suavity of MOIRA ; the diplomatic caution of BEN-
TINCK ; the daring of AUCKLAND ; and the consistent
patriotism of HARDINGE, must be regarded by the
Earl of DALHOUSIE as so many incentives to exertion,
though that exertion should be restricted to the
bloodless task of developing the resources and con-
firming the liberties of the multitude. There is no
cause even for the most insatiable ambition to re-
pine because of the moderation of this pacific policy.
The materials are glorious enough to appease even the
ofcravingsN of CHARLEMAGNE, or the aspiring genius
°LEON. An empire extending over 1,287,483
square miles, including the tributary and protected
states, containing 140,722,700 irtkabitants, and
yielding a revenue of twenty millions sterling, is
assuredly sufficient to
of many generations o fcstatesmen.cu occupy
the i
Then
British
s
empire in India is,
intruth,
A LISON has observed History o as
of Europe, vol. x.,
p. 343), "perhaps the most
ex ARCHIBALD
phe-
aomena in the history of the species,"raor extraordinary
into "that vast region, the fabled sceneofstretching
opulence
and grandeur since the dawn of civilization, from
which the arms of ALEXANDER rolled back, which
the ferocity of TIMOUR imperfectly vanquished, and
the banners of NADIR SHAH traversed only to de-
stroy." Suchare the territories over Which the Earl

"Art. 2. The General-in-Chief of the federal
troops is charged with the execution of said decree.
" Art. 3. The Diet will adopt all ulterior measures
necessary.
" Art. 4. The federal directory is requested to
communicate, without delay, the present decree to
the General•in-Chief of the federal troops, to the fe-
deral council of war, and to all the cantonal govern-
ments."

At 8 o'clock P.m. expresses were dispatched in
every direction to convey to the different cantons
the decree of the Diet, and the Ambassador of France
sent off an extraordinary courier to Paris.
Bale city has agreed to supply a double contingent
in money, and to place its artillery corps, the whole
of whom are Liberal, at the disposal of the Federal
Government.

A flotilla, composed of three steamers and a num-
ber of decked boats, had been organized by the
Catholic League on the lake of the four cantons.

The Government of Ticino had abdicated, and in-
vested with the most extensive power a cantonal
council of war, assisted by a military tribunal, sitting
at Lugano, which, in case of need, was authorised to
send commissioners to the different districts of the
canton. It appears certain that the Austrians were
about to establish a cordon of troops along the fron-
tiers of Ticino and the valleys of the Grisons, border-
ing on the Valteline. They had, moreover, closed
the pass of the Splughen, the principal entrance of
the canton of the Grisons, on the side of Lombardy.
The passes through the mountains leading from
Berne to the Western Valais were already obstructed
with snow. That circumstance, of little importance
for the defence of the 'Valais, was a severe blow to the
people of Friburg, who expected to be able to com-
municate with their brethren of the Valais through
the gorges of Gessenay.
It is supposed that the first attack will be directed
on Friburg. On the 3d, a battery of siege artillery
left Berne by the Friburg road. The Jesuits of
Friburg have enrolled their pupils in the army of the
Sonderbund,' and the Jesuit Fathers march with the
troops, and endeavour by every means in their power
to excite their fanaticism. They have placed the
canton under the protection of " Our Lady of Vic-
tory ;;"and, says a letter, written by a Jesuit Father
to
the Univers, " Our Lady win soon see at her feet
new laurels, gathered by the brave men who are
about to fight under her aegis, wearing on their
breasts the medal of her immaculate concep-

of DALHOUSIE has been summoned to exercise his tion." This passage alone is sufficient to prove
administrative abilities. Such are the dominions the ignorant fanaticism of the Sonderbund troops,
which he may elevate to an unparalleled prosperity and the infamous manner in which the Jesuits
by giving to Oriental industry the paramount aid of exploiter that fanaticism to serve their own purposes.
the steam-engine. As might have been expected, the Jesuits' lessons
How far British India may be enabled by the have already borne fruit, two unfortunate natives of
facilities of railway communication to assist in sup- the canton of Berne, named SCHEIDEGGER and
plying our manufacturers with raw cotton, may be ZBINDE, who had long resided in the canton of Fri-
recognised from the facts that, although the cotton burg, were about to return to Berne, in obedience to
trades of India and America were equivalent in the orders of the Diet, when they were seized at
portance as recently as 1790, they are so far dissimi- Rechthalde, in Friburg, by the partisans of the
lar at the present period, that the latter exports to Jesuits, and were hanged upon two trees, and their
England ten times the quantity received from the bodies ripped open. Such was the announcement
former, and that whereas the American cotton-growers made at the Prefecture of Berne on the 6th. The
obtain about 4001bs. from every acre, the cotton- 15th Battallion of Infantry of Berne is composed
growers of British India produce merely 1001bs. per almost entirely of Catholics. Thirty-two privates
acre. These circumstances must be borne in recollection have deserted from it. These are the only desertions
together with the statement of Mr. M‘Cum.ocn, who, that have taken place from the Bernese contingent.
in his Commercial Dictionary estimates the entire The arrival of the Schwyz:troops to garrison Zug, on
annual value of the cotton manufactures of Eng- the part of the Sonderbund, has given rise to blood-
land at 34,000,000/.—showing by that calcu- shed. There is a large Liberal minority in Zug,
lation the enormous and continual demand for an who resisted the attempt of the Schwyz troops to tear
article of commerce which might be received almost down the proclamation of the Diet, and a desperate
entirely from our Oriental possessions, but for the re- fight ensued between the troops of Zug and those of
markable insufficiency and incertitude of transit from Schwyz, both members of the Sonderbund.
the interior of Ilindostan. In spite of this lack of Lucerne has terminated its preparations of defence.
communication between the ports and cotton planta- On the 31st ult. and Ist inst., two battallions of in-
tions of India, says Mr. PORTER '(Progress of fantry of Lower Unterwalden and LTri, a battery of
the Nation, p. 751) " the supply of cotton six pieces of heavy artillery, and two companies of
has augmented with a satisfactory rapidity, carabineers, entered the city.
being now three times as great as it was in 1833."
In 1833 the quantity of cotton imported from our
Asiatic dependencies was 32,755,164 lbs., which had
increased to no less than 88,639,776 lbs. in 1844.
If such has been the augmentation in the teeth of
so many and such expensive difficulties as have crippled
the enterprise of cotton-growers in Hindostan, what
would not be the increase of imports from our
possessions on the construction of a variety of rail-
roads connected with each other, and threading the
most cultivated regions of the peninsula ? What,
we may ask, moreover, are not the opportu-
nities afforded to England by her possessions,
with reference to her ultimate extrication from
dependence on the cotton-growers of the United
States, when we remember not merely the
opening afforded to our manufactures in the
markets of Hindostan, but bear in recollec-
tion also that assertion of Mr. PORTER (p. 770),
that " there is every reason for believing that cotton
of excellent quality may be raised in great abund-
ance "in Australia ? With an enterprising and sa-
gacious administration, the manufacturers of the
United Kingdom may, in the end, be dependent
only on the dependencies of Great Britain, and
America may as well whistle jigs to a milestone as
dream of holding our Government in terrorem by
a threatened retention of its bales.

Madrid journals of the 2d have arrived.
Ros DE OLAND having resigned his seat in the
Cabinet, the office of Minister of Public Instruction
was offered to PIDAL, but refused by him, notwith-
standing the pressing instances of Queen CHRISTINA
This refusal on the part of PIDAL seems to portend
the downfal of the present Cabinet, a suspicion which
is confirmed by the fact that MARTINEZ DE LA Rosa
has been appointed Ambassador to Rome, in the room
of PACHECO. It is said that there is every proba-
bility of a Puritan Ministry being again installed in
office.

ESPARTERO has refused to accept the English
Embassy, which hal been offered to him by CHRISTINA
and N.aavAEz, evidently as a snare. Such i 3 the
rage of these worthies at the refusal of ESPARTERO
to fall into the trap prepared for him, that, unable to
contain it, they have dispatched an order to him to con-
tinue to reside abroad until further commands. There
is something truly ridiculous in this exhibition of
impotent malice. It is not at all probable that
ESPARTERO would desire to return to Spain while
such persons as NARVAEZ and CHRISTINA were i❑
power. As every Liberal elector of Madrid has been
struck off the register by order of the Ministry, our
readers will not be suprised to learn that the muni-
cipal elections have turned out in favour of the
Afrancesado party.
MADRID BOLSA, Nov. 2.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 26k for cash, and 27 at fifty days ; the
Four per Cents. at 15f for cash ; and the Five per
Cents. at 16 for paper.

We have recived the Paris papers of Sunday.

The affairs of Switzerland are the subject of com-
ment in all these papers. To the attacks of the
Journal des Debuts on M. OCHSENBEIN on account
of his invasion of Lucerne, at the head of the Corps
Francs, two years ago, and on the whole Liberal
party in Switzerland, as accomplices in the alleged
assassination of the peasant leader LEO, the Consti-
tutionnel gives the following crushing reply :
" Our Government, in sending muskets and artil-
lery to Friburg, has made itself a corps franc as
regards the Liberal cantons of Switzerland. French
cannon-balls and bullets will carry death among the
ranks of Berne and of Zurich. M. GUIZOT is about
to cause the blood of the Swiss soldiers to be shed.
M. Ocasusinurq, in his intervention against Lucerne,
at least exposed himself to the danger to which he
exposed others. But (says the Journal des Debats)
M. LEU, of Ebersol, was assassinated by a fanatic
Radical ; therefore, undoubtedly, the Radical party is
a party of assassins. Such as insinuation is simply
an infamous calumny. We can remember when in
France a fanatic named LouYEL assassinated a Prince
of the Blood Royal—the Duke of BERRY. The
journals of the Jesuits and of the Ultramontanists
of those days (we will not repeat their names), ex-
claimed that the whole of the Liberal party were
accomplices of LOUYEL j they even attacked the
Prime Minister of the day, M. DECAZES,
who had been guilty of opposing some
resistance to the re-actionary party; they told him
that his foot had slipped in blood—they insinuated
that this assassination might have had for its object
the opening the way to the throne for a new dynasty.
These hideous accusations, these abominable calum-
nies, are now reproduced against three-fourths of the
Swiss people, against its Government, and the as-
sembly which it has placed at its head."
Arrangements are, it is said, on the point of being
concluded between the authorities of the Englii.h and
French Post-offices, and the directors of the London
and Dover, the Boulogne and Amiens, and the Great
Northern Railways, for the dispatch of mails twice
a day between the two capitals. The mails are to
leave Paris for London at twelve o'clock noon and at
seven in the evening. The letters which leave Paris
at seven in the evening will be delivered in London
between eleven and twelve the following morning,
and those which leave Paris at noon will be delivered
in London the following afternoon about four o'clock.

The frigate Uranie, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral
BRUAT, of Otaheite notoriety, arrived at Brest on
the 3d. She left Otaheite on the 31st May, at which
date everything was tranquil.

The Three per Cents. were done in the PM•sage
of the Opera last Sunday at 77f. 7ic.
MARSEILLES, Nov. 3.—Marseilles and Avignon,
501 f. 25c.; Northern, 531 f. 25c.

rars, 538f.11es 75c. ;
LyoNs, Nov. s.—Paris and Rouen, 910 E; Avig-
nonand , 533 f. 75c. ; Vierzon, 542 E
25c.; North
Orleans, 1,175 f.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TILE
Marseilles,

LONDON STOCK iieiliNilik,7NOVEMBER 8.
Boulogne and Amiens, ;14—Lyons and Avignon (Const,
31A—Northern of France, 113/4—Orleans and Bor.
s—Paris and Rouen, 341,4—Rouen and Havre, 201%
_dt ue
idrxel Flanders PA.

Their Majesties the King and Queen of the Bel.
gians will arrive at Dover on Friday, the 12th instant,
on a visit to the Queen and Prince Consort, at Windsor
Castle. _

Mr. George Wieland, late of the Adelphi and
Drury-lane Theatres, died on Saturday, at his house,
the White Hart, Market-street, Oxford-street. He was
aged thirty-seven, and had been on the stage twenty-
nine years.
ETON COLLEGE, Nov. B.—The Prince Consort,
attended by the Hon. Captain Gordon, equerry in wait-
ing, rode on horseback to Eton, on Friday morning,
and inspected the fresco paintings which had been dis-
covered on the walls of the College Chapel, upon the
removal of the oak pannelling. A splendidly executed
bust of Lord Howe (of " the glorious Ist of June" cele-
brity), by Behnes, has just been presented to the college
by the present Earl. The examination of candidates for
his Royal Highness Prince Albert's prize of 50/. for the
promotion of the study of modern languages, commenced
this morning, and is not expected to terminate before
Monday next.
THE LATE SIR HENRY MACLEOD, K.H.--This
distinguished officer, the account of whose demise reached
this country by the last mail from Trinidad, has filled
the office of Governor and Commander-in-Chief of that
Colony since 1842. From an early period of his life the
deceased officer was connected with the army. In 1815.
he received the order of St. Wlademir, for his services
at the siege of Dresden. He subsequently served at
Waterloo. In 1832 he attained the rank of Colonel.
For some years back Sir Henry was connected with the
colonial service. For a considerable period he filled the
office of Lieutenant-Governor of St. Christophers. He
was next appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Trinidad.
In 1842 he was promoted to the joint office of Governor
and Commander-in-Chief, which office he he held up
to the day of his death.
The GORLITZ MURDER.—A letter from Darmstadt
announces the arrest of a servant of Count Gorlitz, who
was also in the service of the unfortunate countess, who.
it will be remembered, was found burnt to death, and of
whose murder the count was accused. The servant is
accused of attempting to poison the count. Some soup
served up to the count's table having a curious colour, it
excited suspicion, and on being analysed was found to
contain a strong dose of poison. The father of the ser-
vant has also bees arrested.
WINDSOR, MONDAY NIGHT. To-morrow, the
Prince of Wales's birthday, there will be a large dinner
party at the Castle, including several military officers,
and the principal nobility in the neighbourhood; and in
celebration of the day, the troops in garrison, the Royal
Horse Guards (Blue), and the Ist Grenadier Guards, I
are to parade and fire a feu de joie in front of the princi
pal entrance to the Castle. The children belonging to
her Majesty's schools in the Great Park are to have a
holiday, and their parents and friends aro to be invited
to a tea party at the schools.
HOLLAND.—A royal decree of the 17th ult. admits
the importation of every species of provisions (corn, meal,
vegetables) into Holland, free of all Rhine-duties, up to
December 31, of the present year.