The Sun.
London, England, 1847-04-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 2, 1847.

, ''..

THE MAGAZINES•

THE COMIC HISTORY OF ENGLAND. By

Gilbert Abbott a Beckett.

No. X.

The present number carries us through the reigns
of Edward V. and Richard 111., and Mr. a Beckett
gives us the concentrated essence of all former histo-
rians. Horace Walpole, for instance, was the Ains-
worth of Richard 111. In fact, the matter may be
stated in a rule-of-three sum, thus—as Horace Wal-
pole is to Richard 111., so is Harrison Ainsworth to
Richard Turpin. This statement accurately describes
the relative merits of the four individuals in question,
but that which Horace Walpole said in sundry
volumes, Mr. a Beckett says in as many lines. Here
is the quintessence of Horace Walpole's " Historic
Doubts"--

" In the vexata questio of the cause of the death of the
princes, the guilt has usually been attributed to Richard,
because he reaped the largest benefit from their decease;
but this horrible doctrine would imply that a tenant for
life is usually murdered by the remainder man, and that
the enjoyer of the interest of Bank StoFk. is frequently
cut off by the reversioner who is entitled to the prin-
cipc...l."
Mr. at Beckett describes the battle of Bosworth, the
" dramaticest battle in English history " in a lay
worthy of Thomas Babington Macaulay. We give
the opening stanzas :
" Ho: trumpets sound a note or two—.
Ho: prompter, clear the stage !
A chord, there, in the orchestra:
The battle we must wage.
Your gallant supers marshal out—
Yes, I must see them ad;
The rather lean, the very stout,
The under-sized, the tall;
The Yorkites in the centre,
Lancastrians in the rear,
Not yet the staff must enter—
The stage, I charge ye, clear!
Those warriors in the green-room
Must have an extra drill;
Where's Richard's gilt tipp'd baton?
They charged it in the bill.
Those ensigns with the banners
Must stand the other way,
Or else how is it possible
The white rose to display?"

Thus spoke the old stage manager,
The day before the night
Richard and Richmond on the field
Of Bosworth had to fight.

And thus the light-heed call-boy
Upon that day began
To read of properties a list—
'Twas thus the items ran .
" Four dozen shields of cardboard,
With paper newly gilt,
Six dozen goodly swords, and one
With practicable hilt:
The practicable hilt, of course,
Must be adroitly plann'd,
That when 'tis struck with moci'rate force,
'Twill break in Richard's hand.
Eight banners—four with roses white,
And four with roses red—
Six halberds and a canopy
To hang o'er Richard's head;
A sofa for the tyrant's tent,
Au ironing-board at back,
Whereon the ghosts may safely stand,
Who come his dreams to rack;
A lamp suspended in the air
By an invis'ble wire,
And—for the ghosts to vanish in—
Two ounces of blue fire."

Thus spoke the gallant call-boy,
The boy of many fights;
Who'd seen a battle often fought
Fifty successive nights.
The frontispiece representing this battle, performed
to two in the boxes, five in the gallery, and three in
the pit, is exceedingly rich, the woodcuts are full of
fun, and the whole is got up "strictly in accordance
with the costumes of the period."

DOMBEY AND SON. No. VII.
By Cha,les Dickens.
Major Bagstock proceeds, like a consummate
diplomatist—as he is—in effecting his design against
Miss Tox's "matrimonial intentions." A perfidious
goblin, as the Major is subsequently called, he corn•
mences by insinuating the ambition of that lady to
the proud Mr. Dombey during a breakfast held at his
(the Major's) lodging in Princess's-place. The scene
is capitally described, even to the ill-starred Native
who underwent " a world of misery arising out of
the muffins, while, in connexion with the general
question of boiled eggs, life was a burden to him."
The perfidious goblin himself appears, throughout,
quite as a physiological curiosity—indulging in fat
coughs that rise into his short throat and nearly suf-
focate him--swelling and swelling exceedingly—get-
ting, what with eating, drinking, hot tea, devilled
grill, muffins, and meaning, so swollen and in•
flamed about the head, that even Mr. Dombey
shows some anxiety for him—laagking frightfully up
in the tips of his ears and in the veins of his head—
and at last getting, with immense difficulty, into his
great-coat, and being buttoned up in it until his face
looks staring and gasping, over the top of that gar-
ment; as if he were in a barrel! Dombey and J. B.
go down to Leamington together per railway to Bir-
mingham, and on their way thither Dombey thinks
about little Paul, and mingles the thoughts of his de-
cease with the steam-engine which is careering on
before him. Mr. Dickens then writes as follows:
" The very speed at which the train was whirling along
mocked the swift course of the young life that had been
borne away so steadily and so inexorably to its fore-
doomed er.d. The power that forced itself upon its iron
way—its own—defiant of all paths and roads, piercing
through the heart of every obstacle, and dragging living
creatures of all classes, ages, and degrees behind it, was
a type of the triumphant monster, Death.
" Away, with a shriek, and a roar, and a rattle, from
the town, burrowing among the dwellings of men and
making the streets bum, flashing out into the meadows
for a moment, mining in through the damp earth, boom-
ing on in darkness and heavy air, bursting out again
into the sunny day so bright and wide ; away, with a
shriek, and a roar, and a rattle, through the fields,
through the woods, through the corn, through the hay,
through the chalk, through the mould, through the
clay, through the rock, among objects close at hand
and almost in the grasp, ever flying from the traveller,
and a deceitful distance ever movfng slowly with him:
like as in the track of the remorseless monster, Death!
" Through the hollow, on the height, by the heath, by
the orchard, by the park, by the garlen, over the canal,
across the river, where the sheep are feeding, where the
mill is going, where the barge is floating, where the dead
are lying, where the factory is smoking, where the stream
is running, where the village clusters, where the great
cathedral rises, where the bleak moor lies, and the wild
breeze smooths or ruffles it at its inconstant will ; away,
with a shriek, and a roar, and a rattle, and no trace to
leave behilid but dust and vapour: like as in the track of
the remorseless monster, Death!

And be it enacted, that any owner of a farm, either
absolutely entitled or as trustee or feoffee or mortgagee
in possession, or entitled in tail, or for life, or for a term
of years whereof not less than twenty-two shall be unex-
pired, and whether subject to any rent or otherwise, and
whether entitled at law or in equity, and any corpora-
tion sole or aggregate, whether lay or ecclesiastical, may,
if they shall so think fit, and they are hereby empow-
ered to contract with their tenant as to the number of
years which shall be taken as the full period of compen-
sation under any or each head of claim for such seve-
ral improvements as aforesaid, and as to the allowance
in money to be made for the same, and also as to any
other matters touching the said improvements, which
agreement shall be binding upon the before-mentioned
valuers, and also on the persons for the time being enti-
tled to the farm.

" Breasting the wind and light, the shower and sun-
shine, away, and still away, it rolls and roars, fierce and
rapid, smooth and certain, and great works and massive
bridges crossing up above, fall like a beam of shadow an
inch broad ❑pon the eye, and then are lost. Away and
still away, onward and onward ever: glimpses of cottage
homes, of houses, mansions, rich estates, of husbandry
and handicraft, of people, of old roads and paths that
look deserted, small, and insignificant as they are left
behind: and so they do, and what else is there but such
glimpses, in the track of the indomitable monster, Death?
" Away, with a shriek, and a roar, and a rattle,
plunging down into the earth again, and working on in
such a storm of energy and perseverance, that amidst the
darkness and whirlwind the motion seems reversed, and
to tend furiously backward, until a ray of light upon the
wet wall shows its surface flying past like a fierce stream.
Away once more into the day, and through the day, with
a shrill yell of exultation, roaring, rattling, tearing on,
spurning everything with its dark breath, sometimes
pausing for a minute where a crowd of faces are, that in
a minute more are not : sometimes lapping water
greedily, and before the spout at which it drinks has
ceased to drip upon the ground, shrieking, roaring,
rattling through the purple distance!"

(A). And be it enacted, that every owner as afore-
said may, if he shall so think fit, and he is hereby em-
powered to agree with his tenant holding under any
lease or agreement for a term of years, commencing
before the passing of this Act, that the provisions of
this Act shall apply to such landlord and tenant in all
respects as if the said lease or agreement had been
made after the passing of this Act ; and such agree-
ment may be made by indorsement ma the instrument
by which the tenant holds, or by a separate writing.
Provided also, and be it enacted, that no owner of a
farm having a limited interest therein as aforesaid shall
consent to such farm being charged in respect of im-
provements under this Act for any term exceeding
twenty-two years, nor for the purposes of building with '
any sum exceeding in the whole amount of charge for
such purpose the amount of one year's rent paid for the
same, except in the case of a farm which shall, at the
time of any outlay for building having been incurred,
have consisted mainly of waste and unimproved land.
And be it enacted, That if any incoming occupier,
whether as tenant or otherwise, shall pay the amount
of compensation awarded for improvements under this
Act, the sum so advanced by the said incoming occupier,
or any part thereof, shall, in the absence of any special
agreement to the contrary, be recoverable under the pro-
visions of this Act, as if the said incoming occupier had
himself effected the improvements in respect of which
such compensation had been paid, due allowance being
made in manner hereinbefore provided for the period
during which such incoming occupier shall have had the
benefit of such improvements.
Provided nevertheless, and be it enacted, that nothing
in this Act contained, shall alter or affect the rights of
landlords or of outgoing cr incoming tenants, under any
agreement or custom, unless as hereinbefore provided ;
nor prevent any agreement between any landlord and
tenant exempting themselves from the operation of this
Act.

Having arrived at their destination, Dombey
and the perfidious goblin—the latter more blue-
faced, more staring, and more over-ripe, as
it were than ever prowl about the more
fashionable streets of Leamington, pour passer
le temps. Here they encounter new faces—one, a
juvenile old lady of seventy, reclining in a wheel-
chair a-la-Cleopatra, rustling a handkerchief that is
faint and sickly with essences, and talking in the
most exquisitely artificial manner about the beauties
of nature, her name is Mrs. Skewton—another, a
beautiful, but disdainful lady, who droops her eyelids
languidly as though if there was anything in all the
world worth looking into, save a mirror, it certainly
was not the earth or sky, her name is Mrs. Grang9r,
and, if we are not much mistaken, will ultimately be
Mrs. Dombey the second—another new face is that of
a flushed page, who was the motive power of the
wheel-chair, his name is Withers the Wan.
Even in the minutest details of his de-
scriptions, Boz continues as happy as ever
to the very shed in which the said wheel-chair
was kept, a shed appertaining to a dairy,
" where new-laid eggs were produced by the poultry
connected with the establishment, who roosted on a
broken donkey-cart, persuaded, to all appearance,
that it grew there and was a species of tree." The
subsequent chapter, recording a trifle of management
by Mr. Carker, the manager, is so clever from first
to last that we should be tempted to make copious
extracts but for the preoccupation of our space.
Biter comes out in a new character, as a reprobate,
and is engaged as a shopboy by old Solomon Gills.
Mr. Perch is delightfully obsequious to the manager,
and Mr. Toots is exceedingly " particular " to Susan
Nipper. The illustrations are worthy of "Phiz."

And be it enacted, that the word " farm" shall in-
elude all land used for the purpose of husbandry, and
all buildings thereon or held therewith, with their ap-
purtenances, for the purpose of agricultural occupation;
and that the word " landlord" shall mean the party
entitled to the land immediately expectant on the de-
termination of the interest of the tenant ; and that the
word " tenant" shall mean any person in possession of
land, as tenant under any lease or agreement, or a tenant
from year to year, or as holding over on the terms of
any lease or agreement ; and the singular number shall
extend to the plural, and the plural shall extend to the
singular, and the masculine to the feminine.

And be it enacted, That this Act may be amended
or repealed by any Act to be passed in this session of
Parliament.

ETHER OPERATION.—On Thursday, the 18th inst.,
a very painful operation was performed at Saltash, by
Mr. flarriion, surgeon, of Devonport, on a lad who,
having been struck by a marble in the eye, was obliged
to have it removed. lie was perfectly unconscious of
any pain. The instrument used was one of Mr. Croy-
don's.— West Briton,

THE CoLossEuAr.—The holiday folk will be glad
to observe the announcement of a reduction in the ad-
mission prices or thii popular estaNishment. The whole
of the exhibitions—how varied and intereqing we have
often had occasion to notice—may now be seen for two
shillings, thepriee being the same for day or night.

AGRICULTURAL TENANT-RIGHT 1 EXECUTION OF PLATTS, THE
A BILL [as amended by the Select Committee] for the MURDERER.
Improvement of Agricultural Tenant-Right in At twelve o'clock yesterday, at Derby, Platte paid the
England and Wales. last penalty of the law fur the murder of Collis, at Ches-
[N.B. The Clause marked (A) was added by the Com- terfield. The concourse of people was immense. Early
mittee.] in the week he made a written confession, the correct-
Whereas it is expedient for the greater improvement ness of which he persisted in asserting to the last. He
of land, and for the consequent increase of produce was very firm until he arrived at the pinioning room,
therefrom, as well as of employment for farm-labourers, when he began to tremble violently, and continued to do
to enlarge and extend the custom of agricultural tenant- so until the bolt was shot. He struggled violently for
right in accordance with the modern advance of hus- about two minutes, though loaded with irons. It will
bandry ; be it therefore enacted, by the Queen's most be seen that his confession is not reconcileable with the
Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent evidence. His conduct in gaol was good, and he expressed
of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in a firm hope of a joyful resurrection.
this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority PLATTS' 'WRITTEN CONFESSION.
of the same, that every tenant under any holding for a " Morley and I laid the plan before dinner, after the
term of years commencing after the passing of this Act, people were gene into church; he said he had been with
and every tenant under any yearly holding, on the deter- —, and they had laid a plan to make away with Collis.
mination of his tenancy of any farm, by effluxion of They fixed to meet at the New Inn (Betteson's), at
time, notice, death, bankruptcy, insolvency, or eviction Brampton. Collis was to come to them there in the
by reason of defect of title of the lessor, shall be entitled, afternoon, and they were all to come down to Chester-
subject as after provided, to receive from the incdrning field, to the Wheatsheaf (David Britt's), and they
tenant on behalf of the landlord, or from the landlord, were to wait there until night. Collis told Morley he
compensation for any outlay effectually and properly in- wanted to see me; Morley told him I would be at Frank's
curred by the said tenant after the passing of this Act, at night, at the bell rineing; if I was not there, he would
In the temporary improvement of the said farm, by the tell him where I was to be found. Morley told Collis
purchase of artificial manures, or the purchase of that if he did not find me there, that I would be out with
oil-cake or linseed for cattle or sheep; Hannah walking; and that he would be sure to meet me
Or in the durable improvement of the said farm, by at night, because he had to see me about going to mar•
draining, marling, chalking, slaying, or otherwise ket at Rotherham. They remained at Brampton some
amending the soil; time after this conversation. Morley told me before his
Or the permanent improvement thereof, by forming or death that they left the wheatsheaf about half-past six
constructing new fences, water meadows, roads, or or a quarter to seven o'clock, He also told me the way
suitable buildings thereon. he got Collis to the stable ; he told him I was there, and
The said compensation to be estimated as follows: that we should all go together to settle there, on which
first, by ascertaining the cost of such improvements ; Collis, Morley, and _ went down to the stable. When
then by determining the several periods within which they got Collis to the door, he (Collis) tried to get away
every such kind of improvement may be expected to when he found I was not there. Morley and he began
reimburse a tenant for such outlay, and distributing the to scuffle; the door was open. Morley put his hand
costs over such periods respectively ; and then deter- inside the stable door, where he had previously placed
mining what is duo to the tenant, if anything, by the spade for the purpose of murdering Collis. He struck
deducting from such periods the time during which the him with it, and knocked him senseless, and he fell
tenant shall have had the benefit of such improvements: against the door of the stable; and then he dragged him
provided always, that the expenses incurred in the in, and struck him again, for fear of him making a noise;
ordinary course of good and clean husbandry, or in pur- then he came to fetch me. was on the way, a com-
suance of any special contract other than the special panion of Morley's, but Ido not know whether he said
agreement hereinafter provided, or which the landlord anything to him then or not, I was looking through the
and tenant shall have agreed to share, shall not be club-room window, and I saw Morley and standing
reckoned as expenses of improvements for which the at the bottom of the yard. Morley called to me, and
tenant is to be compensated under the provisions of this told me to come, and I went to Morley, and we went
Act. to the stable ; then he told me he had done the job.
And be it enacted, that no tenant, except a tenant for When he got there, he showed me into the stable and
a term of years having more than five years to run of fastened the door with an iron bolt, and Collis
his holding, shall be entitled to claim compensation gave a great groan out of him ; then Morley struck
under this Act for any durable improvement, nor any him again with the spade, I think over the head, but I
tenant whatever for any permanent improvement, except could not see, it being dark in the stable. After this
under any special contract already existing or hereafter blow was struck said he must go ; but before he
to be made, or under any custom, unless he shall fur- went we planned to meet again between nine and ten
nish beforehand to his landlord a statement in writing o'clock the same night, but I drove it too late. When I
of the work to be done and the estimated cost thereof, left the stable I went to the shop to lie down. I was
and unless the said landlord shall agree in writing to the distracted with the thoughts of it ; and in getting the
execution of such work; nor shall any tenant be entitled tilt cloth down to lie upon, I fell backwards and knocked
to compensation for any improvement whatever which the lantern down, and with trying to catch it I cut my
shall be executed after he shall have given or received hand. I pitched with my head on the block when I fell
notice to quit, or in the last year of a holding for years, backwards. That was when they heard the groans
unless the same shall have been executed with the con- when I sat me down. Mr. Kirk gave me something to
sent, in writing, of the landlord, or in pursuance of some drink when I had left the shop, and joked me about
contract or custom. Hannah ; and said I had been with her in the shop. I
And be it enacted, that TIO tenant shall be entitled toany said I had not, and would fetch her to let them see she
compensation in respect of any permanent improvement was safe when church was over, and I did so. On
aforesaid, when the same shall not be in good and suffi- Monday morning we were to meet between four and five
cient repair or condition at the time of the determination
o'clock. I did not go on Monday morning, I had to
of his tenancy, unless the valuers hereinafter mentioned go out of the town : we met on Tuesday morning. I
shall think fit to allow the same, and then the cost of saw Morley on Monday night, and arranged to meet
putting the same in repair shall be taken into account. on Tuesday morning :we did so. When I got
And be it enacted, that if any tenant, from and after there, Morley had got all the things ready, and
the passing of this Act, shall erect any detached farm- Collis was put into the barrow, ready to be wheeled
building, not being a dwelling-house, without the con- across the yard by Morley ;he wheeled him, and
sent of the landlord, such building shall not be deemed I stood in the yard to watch. The body of Collis
a fixture.
was covered over with straw. Morley turned the barrow
And be it enacted, that any tenant entitled to claim over and threw the body into the cesspool, The large
compensation under this Act for any outlay in respect substance that was carried out from the end of the sham-
of such improvements as aforesaid, shall, five calendar bles was not the body of Collis, for he never was in the
months before the determination of his tenancy, if the shop that night; and if he had been in Morley's shop, it
any
mination
bankruptcy, insolvency, or eviction by reason of Morley; neither did I see the first blow given, but I saw
-
nature of the case shall admit, or in case of the deter- was before I went to them, for he was not killed in
n : y
mination of his tenancy by effluxion of time, notice,
tshheopla;sht,
he,
and sh
heard it, and saw him ut into the cess
killed in the stable, and by the had of
defect of title of the lessor, the tenant or his representa-
tives shall, within one calendar month after the same, pool. The body was not cut up, it waspthrown in whole.
deliver to his landlord a statement in writing, setting There was nothing taken off but his boots. Morle put
forth the amount and nature of his claim, and an account the barrow into the stable until night, then he tookyit to
of all disbursements in respect of such improvements as Limb's coal yard. It was Limb's barrow, and had some
aforesaid,and, if required, produce the necessary vouchers coals fetched in it for himself, on Monda for the pur-
to support the same.
pose of conveying the body away,
I received we
lch
And watch
And be it enacted, that if within five calendar months and boots a short time after. Previous to the murder be
from the delivery of such statement the said amount of told me I should have the watch, and told me to say I
compensation to be paid for such claim shall not be bought them of ' Lanky Bill.' * * * * *
Morley
agreed upon, then it shall be referred to valuers to as- got the money, Ido not know bow much there was. I
certain and determine if any compensation is due to the gave him 21. Ins. the day before. I believe Morley killed
tenant, and the amount thereof ; and the tenant shall Collis because he owed him (Collis) for half a beast and
s appoint one valuer, the landlord another, and the two some sheep, and I agreed to murder him because I owed
valuers shall appoint a third (each valuer to be appointed him money. I believe
in writing, and the landlord or tenant to appoint a valuer with a bleeding cord. Morley strangled Collis at last
This was planned between us
within fourteen days after he shall have been required previous to the murder.
. Morley was to strike the blow,
in strangling him. The first agreement
by the other party ; and the two valuers to appoint the
because he was the d
trongest man, and
third valuer in writing within seven days after either were to assist
landlord or tenant shall require them so to do), and the was on Sunday morning, in Morley's shop, after it was
award in writing of any two of the said valuers shall be closed.
binding on all parties ; and if either party should refuse " I certify, as standing in the presence of God, where
to appoint a valuer, or the said valuers should refuse to I shall have to appear in a few hours, that the above
appoint
' a third, or if the said valuers, or two of them, statement is true. (Signed) "JOHN PLATTS.
should, within one calendar month from the appointment " Wednesday Evening, March the 31st, 1847.—1 t has
of a third valuer, refuse or omit, or be incapable of mak- been read over to me by the Governor, Mr. Sims. For
ing an award, or if by any reason whatever such valuers, his kindness since I have been in prison I feel much
er any of them, should not be appointed or such award obliged. .. J. Ey,
shall not be made by any reason whatsoever, then either [We have omitted the name of the third party for
the landlord or tenant, or the•representative of either, obvious reasons. We have also omitted two lines
may apply to the Inclosure Commissioners, who shall on which refer to the disposal of Collis's box.]
such application appoint a person as a valuer, who shall -
proceed in the said valuation, and whose award in
writing shall be binding on all parties: provided always,
that it shall not be necessary to appoint three valuers,
but the matter aforesaid may be referred, as the landlord
and tenant may agree on, to one valuer or to two valuers,
with power to appoint IA third valuer to act as arbitrator
in case of disagreement, and their decision in the pre-
mises shall be as binding as if the matter had been re-
ferred to three valuers appointed as aforesaid.
And be it enacted, that every award of such valuers
shall state the nature of the several improvements in re-
spect of which compensation is awarded, the number of
years allowed for the same respectively, either in the
opinion of the valuers, or in pursuance of any existing
contract, and the time to be deducted in respect of the
period during which the tenant shall have had the bene-
fit thereof, and the amount of the costs of such improve-
ments respectively, as shown by the vouchers or other
evidence produce to the satisfaction of the valuers, or of
the price agreed upon under any special contract ; and
the costs of any such valuation as aforesaid shall be paid
by the parties in such propartions as the valuers shall
direct ; and any monies directed to be paid to ally
tenant or his representatives may be recovered by such
tenant or his representatives at any time after one calen-
dar month from the date of any such award : provided
always, that when it shall be made to appear to the sa-
tisfaction of the valuers that the vouchers have been
lost or destroyed, then the valuers may, if they think fit,
admit such other evidence of any expenditure in respect
of such improvements as aforesaid as they may consider
sufficient.

STATE OF THE CORN MARKET

_--
IN FRANCE.
Accounts received to-day (Wednesday) announce that
the downward movement is continuing; comparatively
few markets arrive at present with a rise, and those are
principally in the east and west, and some parts of the
south ; the north, north-west, and centre, are all lower.
Large arrivals are announced at Havre, both from the
United States and England; prices are lower, 1,000
barrels having been sold on Tuesday at 50f. the barrel,
and buyers are rare at that price. In Champagne prices
are giving way, though only slightly. The last accounts
from Bar-sur-Aube speak of a fall of If. the hectolitre.
The following list of places from which intelligence
has been received to-day shows the actual state of
things:__

ADVANCE.-Chalons-sur-Saone. 75c. to If. 25c.; Cha-
teauroux, 4f. 10c.; llennebout, 80c. to if. 32c.
FALL.-Arpajon,2f.soc.; Brie-Cotnte-Robert,3r.34c.•
Blois, 13f. to 75e.; Biere, If. to if. 50c.; Beaugency, si.
to sf. 50c.;
lc tol. 85c.;
C0nd0mi,F.5c22f.5.; Dole,oe.Ch 50c.; Douai,ateauThier 21
ry,7.0550.et.0
If. ; Dreux,;
Gonesse, 2f.; Lisieux, 3f. 20c. ; Le Mans, If. 50c.;
f Mon-
targis, sf. 80c.; Noyon, 2f. 50c. to 3f-; Niort,
Orbec, 31.; Pithiviers, 6f. 60c.; Thouars, sf. 50c. to 71.;
Treguier, 2f. to 3f.
At the Halle aux 8161 on Tuesday, towards the close
of business, some purehases' were made which rather
checked the fall. It would seem that country buyers
had come in, being tempted by the lower prices. The
quotations varied from 108 f. and 105 f. to 100 f. the 157
kil. This day (Wednesday) the market was calm, and
prices remain as they were.
___

_ -
POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
Last week the model of an engine was deposited by
the inventor, Mr. Gustafsson, in the great hall of this
establishment. It appears more particularly adapted for
marine service, as will be seen by the following descrip-
tion. The piston, which is formed like a wheel for the
purpose of rendering it of light construction, has a
hollow cast-iron globe fitted to the end of the piston-rod
and secured to it by a plug, in the centre of the piston
is a hermespherical socket, into which the globe is fitted
and secured by means of a cap ; the arms have
strengthening flanges on their under sides, and to the
outer ring at the extremity of the ring is bolted the top
and bottom covers, which for lightness may be made of
wrought iron. To render the piston steam-tight two
metallic rings are placed is the annular chamber between
the covers, which are held in their places by means of
vertical and horizontal springs, but not necessarily steam-
tight, as that will be effected by admitting steam into
this annular chamber of the piston by means of a double-
acting valve, by which a more uniform pressure on the
packing.rings is obtained than could possibly be effected
by springs alone. The cylinder-cover, which is made
spherical, and furnished with segmental pieces
to complete the aro of a circle. To keep the
radius slides constantly in contact with their bearing
surface, the hollow space should be in communication
with the condenser, which is effected by fixing a small
tube in any convenient place. In non-condensing en-
gines, this space should be in communication with the
atmosphere. It will be seen that as the piston ascends
and descends, the piston rod will be enabled, by the
lateral motion of the radius slidvs, to vibrate, and
thereby act directly on the crank. In consequence of the
angular position of the piston rod, the wear of the
cylinder would be greater on one side than the other,
but this may be avoided by giving to the latter an in-
clined position. It will be perceived that this peculiarity
of the piston is of great advantage,of the piston would be
supported especially
for hori-
zontal
•wear
unequalising of the cylinder and piston, which, in
common horizontal engines, cannot he avoided, hence the
vibrating piston rod is particularly
engbinye, the as
pressure,
the weight
consequently prevent an
adapted for the screw
propeller and locomotive engines.

THE LONDON HOSPITAL.--The annual return of
the number of patients admitted into the London llos-
pital during the past year was made yesterday, from
which it appeared that the accidents alone numbered
2,357, and the extra cases, received without the recom-
mendation of a governor, 357 more, making in the whole
2,714. The number of other iepatients admitted dur-
ing the year was 1,378. The number of out-patients
during the same period was 16,743, making a grand
total of 20,835. The Bishop of Oxford has consented to
preach the annual sermon on behalf of the charity, on
est was held at
SEVEN LIVES
the 22d instant, in the chapel of the institution.
DREADFUL
LosT.i,e
Church Gresley, Derbyshire, on the bodies of a number of
y
men who were killed in a colliery the
_terda COLLlERYednesda(w 3.)ACCIDENT,
a in
day previously. It
appeared that on Tuesday, the 30th ult., about half-past
five o'clock in the morning, fourteen colliers, men and boys,
got into the cage at the Church Pit, Church Gresley, to be
let down to their usual employment. Daniel Batch, the en-
gine-man, let them down, but when they had descended
about forty yards, he beard one of the wheels cracks, and im-
mediately stopped the engine. He ran to the pit mouth, and
found the drum running fast, the spur wheel having broken,
and fallen under the drum. The cage was precipitated to
the bottom of the pit, which is 270 yards deep; the rope
broke off the drum, and went down the shaft, although
longer than the depth of the pit. It was between nine and
ten o'clock before a rope could be attached to the pumping
engine, and another cage let down, when the bodies of the
dead and dying were drawn up. The jury, after a patient
investigation, returned a verdict to the eilizet—" That the
deceased met their cleatlia by the accideutal breaking of the
spur wheel."

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS.
(March 16.—Sir John Rennie, President, in the chair.)
The paper read was by Mr. Joshua Richardson, M.
Inst. C.E., F.G.S., &c., " On the Ventilation of Mines."
After stating the necessity for establishing a more
complete system of ventilation as a measure of
common humanity, and the advantageous results in
a commercial view which would arise from enabling
the miners to develop their physical force with
more benefit to themselves, and allow them to
do a greater amount of task work for the same sum,
the paper proceeded to describe the system of ventila-
tion at present pursued in Newcastle and its vicinity, as
being that of the district where the greatest attention
had, from necessity, been paid to the subject, which is
one of undoubted difficulty. It is, at the same time,
one of almost national importance ; for as a mercan-
tile nation much of our greatness depends upon our manu-
factures, and unless the fuel for producing power is
obtained at a reasonable price, the results of
all our attention and skill will not enable us to com-
pete with foreign labour. Without good ventilation our
mines cannot be worked; or, at least, must be so imper-
fectly conducted as to render fuel scarce and expensive.
Much attention has been paid by very able men to this
subject ; and still the necessity becomes more apparent
for some great alterations, to avoid the gradual but
'ertain waste of human strength, from long sojourn in
.nephitic air, or the frightful loss of lite from the
explosions of the gases exuding from the coal in the
progress of getting.
The nature of these gases, which are the carburetted
hydrogen, the olephiant, the sulphuretted hydrogen,
and the carbonic acid gas, were severally treated of.
The three first are known as fire-damp, being explosive
when mixed with certain proporti)ns of common air;
the latter is known as choke damp, or after-damp; it is
produced in large quantities by explosions, and com-
pletes the fatal work left undone by the explosive
gases. It also exists in old workings and ill-ventilated
mines.
These gases require a large supply of pure air to dilate
and render them innocuous, and a still larger quantity is
necessary to support the respiration of the number of
men and animals employed in a mine. The entrance,
therefore, of the fresh air and the exit of the foul
air should be free and capacious. This is gene-
rally effected by having two pits, one termed
the " downcast" and the other the " upcast" shaft,
sunk to the coal bed; down the former of these
the fresh air sinks, and after travelling along through
the various galleries, as it is guided by doors and other
means in various directions, it returns to the bottom
of the latter (the up-cast) shaft, where a furnace is
established, in which it is rarified and rendered so
much lighter that it readily ascends the up-cast shaft,
thus causing throughout the mine a current of air,
which, when all succeeds according to the design of the
mining engineer, affords ample ventilation in all parts.
Sometimes, however, an unusual escape of deleteri-
ous gas takes place, by the carelessness of the boys
having charge of the traps and partition doors in the air
ways. Some of them are left open, or improperly kept
shut, and the current of air is diverted or stopped ; or
one of the workmen, from heedlessness or cupidity in de-
siring to have more light for his work, opens the safety
lamp, the inflammable gas is ignited, and an explosion
ensues. From one or more of these causes arose all the
accidents that have occurred, and it appears that hitherto
no precautious measures have sufficed to prevent their
occurrence.
•The paper dwelt at some length on the present
methods of ventilation, and the objections to them,
illustrating the positions by quotations from the best
authorities on the subject, all of which went to shell
that, in spite of all the care and attention that had been
given to the question, all the skill of the engineers, and
the introduction of the safety lamp, in 1816, the loss of
life had been greater since that period than it was
in a corresponding period previous to its intro-
duction. This must not be charged entirely to the
lamp, for although it may have rendered men bolder,
and induced them to trust too much to the lamp, in ven-
turing into those parts of the mines which formerly
would have been abandoned, still it must be borne in
mind that, as the coal was got at greater depths and dis-
tances from the shafts, the ventilation became more
difficult, and, from the greater number of persons em-
ployed in one mine, if an accident did occur, the loss of
life was greater in proportion.
The merits of the safety lamps produced almost simul-
taneously by Sir H. Davy, Mr. G. Stephenson, and Dr.
Reid Clanny, were canvassed, and the greater amount
of merit, as well as the credit of the first production
of it, appeared from evidence to be due to Mr.
Stephenson. The author then entered into calcu-
lations, showing •that the dimensions of the " up-cast"
shaft should in all cases be increased in pro-
r portion to the augmented volume of the air, from the
expansion at the higher temperature at which it leaves
the mine, after traversing all the passages; and if this
were attended to, not only would the general ventilation
be better, but in the event of an accident occurring, by
an explosion, or the derangement of some of the air-
passages from falls of the roof, &c., an extra power
could be applied, which would at any rate prevent
a portion of the frightful loss of human life which
now occurs. It was evident from the whole statement
that although in certain cases of fiery mines some im-
provements might be be advantageously introduced, yet
that in the majority of the good mines the present
method sufficed to maintain them in a healthy and safe
state; and that in almost all cases it was the culpable
neglect of, and not the want of means of prevention, that
caused the destruction of health, life, and property in the
mining operations of the kingdom.
This opinion appeared to be participated in by all the
speakers in the very interesting discussion which ensued,
and in which the interference of Government by legis-
lative enactments, with respect to methods of ventilation,
was severely deprecated.
It had become fashionable now, whenever a diffi •
culty occurred, to recommend "legislative enactment"
as an universal panacea ; as if a Committee of the
House, or a body of commissioners, none of whom
probably possessed any practical knowledge of the
subject, could at once fall by inspiration upon the
methods of prevention or cure which had so long eluded
the careful investigation of scientific and practical
men, whose time, talents, and fortunes had been all
devoted to the subject from that great incentive to ex-
ertion, "self-interest." When the example of foreign
countries was quoted, it should be at the same time
shown in how backward a state they were in en-
gineering, in mining, in commerce, and, in fact,
in everything with which the Government in-
terfered, as compared to the high state of per-
fection arrived at in this country. What was their po-
sition with respect to common roads, canals, railways,
the extent of their mines, and the general amount of
manufactures, as compared to those of England ? And
yet they had the " advantages" of the " wisdom" and
the " fostering protection of Government," whilst in
England there was nothing (fortunately) but competi-
tion to urge manufacturers and miners to bring their
produceto market of the best quality and at the cheapest
possible rate. In short, it was shown that, to do any
good, Government must leave the matter alone.
The discussion upon this subject was to be renewed at
the next meeting of Tuesday, March 30, when a paper
will be read " On the Defects in the Principles of Con-
struction of Fire proof Buildings," by Mr. W. Fairbairn,
M. Inst. C.E.
The Conde de Monternolin, attended by the Marquis
de Villa Franca and suite, honoured the meeting with
his presence, and appeared to evince great interest in
the proceedings, as well as in the arguments of the
various speakers.

A great number of Spaniards are resident in
Algeria, and it appears that some of them carry to that
colony the political passions which distract their own
unhappy country. On the 7th December last, a Spaniard
named Fernandez, a drummer in the militia at Oran, fell
in, after a day's hard drinking, with a fellow-country-
man named Olivark and offered to treat him. " I will
drink with you," said Olivares, " but you must first tell
me your political opinions !" Fernandez, it appeared,
was not of the same way of thinking as Olivarls, for
they engaged in a violent quarrel. After a time, how-
ever, their dispute ended, and they cemented their truce
by drinking together a great many glasses of brandy.
The liquor eventually re-excited their political enthu-
siasm, and they again began to quarrel most violently.
At length Fernandez became so exasperated that he
drew a knife from his pocket, and exclaiming—
"lt is with this that I fight !" attempted to rush
upon Olivarei. lie was withheld by his com-
panions, and shortly after both disputants quitted
the public-house in which they had spent the even-
ing with their respective friends. After walking some
little distance, Fernandez left his companions for a short
time, and on rejoining them, exclaimed—"It is finished!"
They understood perfectly well that those words meant
that a crime had been committed; and so it turned out,
for a person passing at the same time found the unfortu-
nate Olivara3 lying on the ground weltering in his blood,
and a few minutes after he died. It was proved that he
had been stabbed from behind by Fernandez. This man
was accordingly brought to trial before the Tribunal of
Oran, which convicted him of having inflicted wounds
which had caused death, without, however, intending to
commit murder, and he was consequently condemned to
twenty years' imprisonment, with hard labour. An
appeal was made to the Cour Royale of Algiers by the
Procureur du Roi against this sentence, and the Court
declared Fernandez guilty of murder, and condemned
him to imprisonment and hard labour for life. In the
course of the proceedings it was proved that he had
quitted Spain to avoid prosecution for the murder of a
young officer, and that he had been condemned to death
for not appearing to take his trial.
We learn that Mr. Mc Lean, farmer, St. Martins,
by way of experiment, when lifting his potatoes last
autumn, left about an acre in the ground, taking up
every alternate drill and ploughing the soil over those
left, so as to secure them from frost. On lifting these up
lately, the result has been that instead of 6 bolls, he only
got half a boll.

SUICIDE AT THE ETON POLICE STATION.—A man
named Llawkins, who had been committed by the Eton
bench of magistrates upon a charge of having purloined
from his master (Mr. Warner, of Iver) a quantity of
oats, wine, and other articles, was discovered, upon
Perkins, the Superintendent of Police, going into his cell
on Wednesday morning, banging to the iron bars over
the door by means of his garters, quite dead. Upon
being cut down medical aid was immediately called in,
but all attempts to restore animation were fruitless, it
being the opinion of Mr. Hammond, surgeon, of Eton,
that he must have been dead for upwarth of an hour.
Ax Lusa PAUPER.—An Irishman, who had been
begging piteously, was taken up before the Warrington
magistrates the other day, and on searching him nothing
was found but a large ball of soap. lie prayed that they
would not take that from him, as " he liked to be clean,
though he was poor." The earnestness of his entreaty
piece of soap in two, and
led the gentlemen to cut the
inside was found in gold, 164

IRISH POOR-LAW.

The following protests have been entered against the
vote of Friday last in the House of Lords:—
Dissentient, _ _

1. Because, when it is proposed to legislate in oppo-
sition to the principles which, during the last half cen-
tury, have been uniformly admitted by all writers of
eminence, as well as by all Parliamentary authorities,
the refusal of inquiry implies a most culpable rashness.
2. Because the proposed measure is confessedly one of
vast importance to the permanent welfare and satety of a
large portion of the empire. It is a measure which even
its advocates admit to be a great and hazardous experi-
ment, and which is regarded by many as involving
nothing less than a general confiscation; and the adoption
of such a measure appears to us to call for the most ac-
curate previous examination of all such reports and pub
lie documents as may throw light on the subject, in order
that the Legislature may stand clear of the charge of a
reckless and wanton disregard of the rights and happi-
ness of our fellow-subjects.
3. Because we feel convinced that the proposed inquiry
would have elicited easily, in a short time and conclu-
sively, solutions to the following three mo:t important
questions—solutions which ought to be brought fully be-
fore the minds of those who shall have to decide finally
on the proposed alteration of the Irish poor-law:-1.
Whether it be, or be not, physically impossible (even
with the best dispositions in all the parties concerned)
that it can at all affect the proposed relief. 2. Whether
the attempt will, or will not, have the effect of ruining
both the owners and occupiers of land, and putting an
entire stop to cultivation; and, 3. Whether it will not,
by demoralizing the mass of the people, and perma-
nently destroying the habits of industry and self de-
pendence, increase to a frightful extent the amount of
pauperism and crime i❑ Ireland, and ultimately exhaust
the resources and endanger the safety of the United
Kingdom.

4:Because, when it is proposed, on a sudden, tem-
porary, unusual, and alarming emergency, to introduce
not a merely temporary but a permanent legislative
measure, and that, too, a measure which it will bo pecu-
liarly difficult and dangerous to repeal hereafter, it
behoves the Legislature to examine with a doubly scru-
pulous and anxious care the grounds on which such a
measure is recommended, and the consequences to which
it may lead, lest Parliament should incur merited repro-
bation as having augmented by such procedure the cala-
mity which it is sought to remedy, and perpetuated and
rendered incurable evils which would otherwise have
only been temporary.
(Signed) R. DUBLIN. RADNOR.
MONTEAGLE. MOUNTCASHEL.

1. Because the danger of permanent legislation under
the pressure of a temperary emergency can only be
averted or diminished by the most careful reference to
past events, and that for suck purpose a review of the
evidence taken and the recommendations given under
circumstances admitting the exercise of a calm, deli-
berate, and impartial judgment, become of the highest
importance in guiding the deliberations of the Legis-
lature.

2. Because the dangers of permanent legislation in a
case like the present, when a great portion of the British
empire is reduced to a state of unexampled destitution,
are strikingly exemplified by the measures so unfortu-
nately passed by Parliament, under circumstances
strictly analogous, in 1795 and 1800, measures which
produced calamities difficult to remove, and from the
consequences of which England is still suffering.
3. Because an examination of the history of the past
becomes the more necessary, when the Legislature
is called on to abandon and overrule-1. The opinion
of the Parliamentary Committee which, in 1804, re-
solved " that the adoption of a general system of
relief for the poor of Ireland would be highly in-
jurious to that country, and would not produce any
real and permanent advantage even to the poorer
classes, who must be the subjects of such support." 2.
The opinion of a subsequent Committee, which reported
in 1819 " that the establishment of a system of poor-
law would produce in a country like Ireland incalculable
evils to every class of the community." 3. The opinion
of the Committee of 1823, which stated that " any
system of relief, however benevolently intended, leading
the peasantry to depend upon the interposition of others
rather than upon their own labour, could not but repress
all those exertions of industry which are essentially
necessary to the improvement of the condition of the
labouring classes." 4. The experience of English poor-
law administration, as exemplified in the reports of
the House of Commons Committee of 1817, and of
the Commission of Inquiry of 1833, and which led to
the amendment of the poor-law of England in 1834.
5. The deliberate judgment of a royal commission
appointed specially to consider the condition of
the Irish poor, and which reported in 1836
that if any " considerable portion of the rental
of a country were to be devoted to the support of
unproductive labourers, commerce must decay, and the
demand for agricultural produce and other commodities
must contract, the number of persons out of employ-
ment and in need of support must increase, and general
ruin be the result." 6. The recommendations of Mr.
Nicholls, on which the King's Government of 1838 intro-
duced and Parliament passed the Irish Poor•law Act, in
which recommendations it was expressly stated, " that
no relief should be given except in the workhouse, and
that this limitation should be specified in the Act, in
order to rotect the central authority from the pressure
which is j unlikely to occur on this point." 7. The
duration of the Ministers responsible for the
framing and introductien of the Irish poor-law, and
which announced '•that the administration of out-door
relief would lead to a most pernicious system, mixing
up mendicancy and charity with labour ; a cyst, in of
persons partly obtaining support by labour and partly
from the public purse, and which would not only pro-
duce in Ireland the evils which bad existed in
England, but evils very much greater, till out-door
relief came to absorb a much greater portion of the
produce of the land." 8. The evidence of Mr. Cornwall
Lewis, Mr. Twiselton, Mr. Gulson, and Mr. Clements,
all of whom had recent practical experience in the ad-
ministration of the poor-law in Ireland, agreeing in a
conviction of the danger and ruin which must attend the I
introduction of out-door relief in that country ; a judg-
ment adopted by the Select Committee of the Lords in
the last session, which expressed " a decided opinion
that the introduction of any system of out-door relief
would be dangerous to the general interests of the com-
munity, and more particularly to the interests of the
very class for whose well-being this relief was intended."
4. Because we consider it the more rash and unwise
to set aside and overrule this unbroken series of Parlia-
mentary judgments without the most careful and delibe-
rate inquiry, as no attempt has been made in debate to
impugn or to deny their force, or to meet them by con-
flicting authority or evidence, and that by the rejection
of the motion for a Committee an inference is justly
raised that no such evidence can be produced, or is pro-
ducible.

(Signed) MONTEAGLE.
RADNOR.

HEARTLESS LANDLORDS.
The Rev. A. King, an excellent clergyman of the
Independent persuasion, of Cork, writes to the SoUthern
Reporter, as follows :

The town and the surrounding country for many
miles, are possessed by twenty six proprietors, whose re-
spective yearly incomes vary from one hundred pounds,
or less, to several thousands. They had all been re-
spectfully informed of the miserable condition of the
people, and solicited to give relief. Seventeen of the
number had not the politeness to answer the letters of
the committee ; four had written to say they would not
contribute, and the remaining five had given a miser-
able fraction of what they ought to have contributed.
My first donation from a small portion of a small relief
fund, received from English strangers, exceeded the
aggregate contributions of six-and-twenty landed pro-
prietors, on whose properties human beings were perish-
ing from famine, filth, and disease, amidst circum-
stances of wretchedness appalling to humanity, and dis-
graceful to civilised men !

" I believe it my sacred duty to gibbet this atrocity
in the press, and to call on benevolent persons to loathe
it as a monster crime. Twenty-one owners of property,
en which scores, nay hundreds, of their fellow•crea-
tures are dying of hunger, give nothing to save their
lives l Are they not virtually guilty of wholesale mur-
der ? I ask not what human law may decide upon
their acts, but in the name of Christianity I arraign
there as guilty of treason against the rights of humanity
and the laws of God 1"

BURGREAD RIOTERS.-011 Tuesday last, James
Falconer, shoemaker, and Angus Davidson, cooper,
Burghead ; Daniel Sutherland, jun., John Young, and
John Main, fishermen. Hopeman, were placed at the bar
of the High Court of Justiciary, Edinburgh, charged
with the crime of mobbing and rioting, and of assault,
in so far as on the 26th of January last they formed part
of a mob which assembled, and violently preventing or
obstructing the shipment of meal belonging to John Al-
lan, corn merchant, Elgin, and John Innes, corn agent,
Burghead, on board of the James and Jessie, and Ceres,
and with conducting themselves in a riotous and out-
rageous manner, and with wickedly and feloniously
attacking and assaulting Mr. Patrick Cameron, sheriff-
substitute of Elginshire ; Mr. Alexander Brown,o
procurator fiscal ; Mr. William Hay, superintendent of
police ; and Mr. John Allan : secondly,
after the' meal was shipped, carried it away fromssaulted
vessels on the 27th January; and with havingh assaulted
C. force
C. Innes, the sheriff of the county, and t
f the civil
in
which had been raised for the purposeo o with havit&
preserving the public peace ; with having de-
prisoner in their
forced the authorities,
injured several of
custody, and with having severely
take
and
orhei
shelter in the '
saechnudewdaelrsae broke by missiles
inn at
them, and compelled them
the inn, proceeded to
Burghead, the windows of w
guilty to the first charge
thrown, and also with attacking the carriages in which
pleadsleavi n
dg
Elgin.the
Fa
loaofnteerr
as libelled, and the other panels to both charges as
libelled. The public prosecutor passed from the second
charge against Falconer. Evidence as to character was
then led on the part of the panels ; and certificates were
read by the prisoners counsel from the Free Church
clergymen and elders of the church of Burghead, and
also from other parties. The Court was then addressed
on behalf of the panels by Messrs. Tennent and Fraser;
after which their lordships retired for consultation for a
short time, and on their return into court the Lord Jus-
tice Clerk sentenced Falconer to eighteen months' im
prisonment, and Davidson, Sutherland, Young, and
Main, each to seven years' transportation. Considerable
surprise was manifested in the court at the severity of
the sentence.—Aberdeen Herald.
ADMISSION OF THE PUBLIC TO THE ZOOLOGICAL
GARDENS, REGENT'S PARK.--Yesterday the Zoological
Society resolved to admit the public to their gardens in
the Regent's park on each Monday and Tuesday
throughout the year, and on every day, except Saturday
in Easter and Whitsun weeks, without the usual 9rder
of Adlailiiicil from a fpllow of th© society.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
ROUEN AND HARVE.
The Municipal Council of the town of Rouen is at
drawn daggers with the Rouen and Havre Railway
Company. They accuse the company of desiring to
monopolise the carriage of goods to the detriment of
the Seine navigation, because in their tariff they charge
07 centimes only per ton and kilometre for the carriage
of coffees, molasses, wines, and brandy, which are the
ordinary conveyances of the Seine navigation ; this price
being the same which is charged for the oarriage of coal,
pavement stones, manure, &c. ; whilst they charge 20
centimes per ton and kilometre for wool, flax, and cotton
stuff, which are not usually conveyed by the Seale,
though all those items are comprised in the same class.
The Municipal Council of Rouen, after a long discus-
sion have taken a resolution—That a committee com-
posed of the mayor (M. Barbet) and four councillors will
forthwith repair to Paris, and visit the Ministers of
Public Works, of Finance, and of the Interior, in order
to require energetically, I. That the reduction of the
tariffs of the Paris and Rouen and Rouen and Havre
Railways should be indistinctively applied to all the
articles of the same class ; 2. That the St. Sever station
should be exclusively designed for the passengers be-
tween Paris and Rouen ; 3. That the deputies of Rouen
be required to attend the commissioners at the different
Ministers.

CHEAP TRAVELLING.—Yesterday the Eastern Coun-
ties Railway started a fourth-class train of open car-
riages, for the purpose of conveying passengers to the
diff,:rent stations along the line, at the cheap rate of ene
halfpenny per mile.
BRIGHTON AND SOUTH COAST, HAVANT BRANtII.
The praise of the railway from Chichester to Havant is
universal and unqualified. Nearly three hundred per-
sons took tickets at the Havant station on the day of *s
opening. and nearly one hundred at Emsworth, but those
at the former place comprised many from Portsmouth.
The establishment at Havant consists of a clerk, a station
master, and two porters; and that at Emsworth of a'
clerk and porters only. Mr. Filchew, who has been
some time in the company's service, is clerk atillavactit
and Mr. Frederick Bluett, formerly of the mar es, and
who has been in training at Chichester, fills that office at
Emsworth. It seems to have been expected that the
third.class fare from Havant to Emsworth would have
been less than 6d., and the other fares between those
places proportionally low, though a complaint of 6.d: as
the minimum (except in the Parliamentary carriages
which are 2d. only), may not appear to savour
of any remarkable liberality, especially when it is con-
sidered that the train may be often stopped for a single
passenger, it may be doubtful :whether the revenue and
profits of the company, as well as the general satisfac-
tion, would not be increased by the reduction.—.Sussex
Express.

TUNNEL UNDER LEWES.—The railway tunnel under
the town was finished on Wednesday last. Mr. W. Ver-
rail was to have inserted the last brick; but in his ab-
sence Mr. G. Norman officiated, and the men were after-
wards regaled with strong ale. Mr. Wythes, the con-
tractor, gave a dinner in honour of the occasion at tho
Lamb Inn, to the whole of the men employed in the
tunnel.—Brighton Guardian.