The Sun.
London, England, 1824-06-03 00:00:00

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

TIIAMtS PoLicr.—Yesterday, Robert Whitfield, a watch.
man, in the employ of his Majesty's Commissioners of Ex-
cise, appeared at this office before W. Ballantine, Esq. the
presiding Magistrate, on a charge of felony, under the fol-
lowing circumstances

Mr:•John Harding, an inspector of the River, deposed, that
he resides on Hartshorn wharf, in the precinct of St. Catherine,
and is in the employ of his Majesty's Commissioners of Excise,
and that between the hours of three and four o'clock yesterdar-
morning he saw the prisoner in the act of drawing spirits from
casks lying on the wharf; that he hastened to the spot, seized
the spirits, and gave information at this office to have the pri-
soner apprended.
Magistrate—What quantity did you seize?
Witness—Two skins, containing one gallon and a half of
brandy, and two jars containing hal7a gallon of foreign geneva.
Magistrate—How long has the prisoner held his situation
Witness—Upwards of two years; and up to the present time
1 had the greatest confidence in him.
Magistrate—What salary does he receive?
Witness—Fourteen shillings per week wages, and 3.5/. rer
annum salary.
The prisoner was then called upon for his defence, and de-
lining to make any, was fully committed to Negate for trial.

pril I'2.—The Ann, Longridge,
will touch r4i
E aAtN:lDiali a. Ag A
rconvoy,but there does'not appear any rea-
son to fear any reprisals from the Algerines.—April 111. The-
Pacha is just arrived from Cairo. The Ann and the Fro:tom
sailed on the 13th inst.

of the
Yesterday about
two
o'clock,asone Broad-
drays of Messrs. Goding and Broadwoocl, aled brewers,. ,vas standing at
street, Golden-square, after delivering
el-lige the casks, which
the door of the Jolly Miller, a public-ho
George's-fields, the drayman got up
tiled ott'with all the cm: r.g.:
alarmed the horse, who imm ediatelYsf SU iftly to the end of the •
of a " high mottled racer," and rennin},ta
the toll-bar, which he cleared
I°*an Webber-row, St.
row towards Waterloo-road,
with all the case and la'ehunter, and the shafts of the
pletely demolished and broke i: dray failing upon the gate, comp
at kept his place among the empt y
down, but the drayman
himself impeded by the wheels o , barrels. The horse findinget
with
the gate post, reared most tre-
the dray coming in contact
no further acciden', and the dray man
mendously. here NµB
a fright and a roll with the empty tubs.
escaped with ni,
Y ()CCU 11.11.ENCE.-Tilt! Dithiiii PN-
M ELAN•1101, , .
" VI, ith much regret We have to state
triot saYs : deathof 9 S •
turt•
the prema
f Anatomy to the Royal College of Sue-
' senator o
On Monday last, whilst engaged in geons.
s, b
deli-
vering a lecture, raising a knife at the same time,
he slightly cut his finger,which was thus innocu-
agility lifiii
lated with virulent 'flatter from the subject
upon which he lectured. Inflamation suddenly
came on, and after every remedy was tried
in vain, he expired on Friday morning." This
is, we believe, the fourth fatal case which has
occurred in Dublin within a few years, all of the'
same kind, by which eminent professional men
have lost their 14, ~.

THE LONDON JOURNALS.

DAILY
Extracts from the Morning Papers, June 3.

[MORNING POST.]
French Papers to the Ist inst. and the Etoile
Of Tuesday reached us last night by Express.—
The Constilutionnel publishes extracts of a secret
v.,te said to have been lately sent by the Russian
Government to the other European Powers rela-
tively to the settlement of the affairs of Greece.
In this note, the authenticity of which is by no
means established, it is proposed that Turkey
should be called upon to Form three Principalities
on Terra Firma, on the same footing as those of
Moldavia and Wallachia. The first to consist of
Thessaly, Beotia, and Attica, or Eastern Greece.
The second of the ancient Venitian Littorale
(with the exception of what belongs to Austria)
of Epirus, and of Acarnania, or Western
Greece ; and the third, of the Morea, to
which the Island of Candia might be joined,
or Southern Greece. " Russia," says the
Document in question, " thinks that the Greeks
cannot reasonably carry their hopes far-
:titer. They would enjoy liberty and complete
freedom of trade, and would have a flag of their
own. The Greek Patriarch continuing to reside
at Constantinople, would in some measure be-
come the Representative of the whole nation.—
The Turks would preserve a few fortresses, with
a certain extent of territory round them beyond
which they should not proceed, and there would
be neither Pacha nor Governor, but each Prin-
cipality would pay a tribute proportioned to its
extent and its riches." By such a plan as this
the consolidation of liberated Greece into one
powerful State, equally able to maintain its in-
dependence against Russian as well as against
Turkish masters, would certainly be prevented.
But who would gain by the measure ? The Porte,
for the present, and in future—Russia.

[BRITISH PRESS.]
We abstained from offering the observations
which occurred to us on the case of the mis-
sionary Smith till the adjourned debate upon it
had concluded. We trust we shall never be
found to undervalue the rights of any British
subject, whether resident here or abroad ; nor
ever speak lightly of any sentence that may be
unwarrantably passed in any British Court of
Justice, however composed, whether civil or mi-
litary. We have already confessed that we
thought the public discussion of this subject per-
.vicious, and we think so still. Not all the lustre
which the eloquence of Mr. Brougham can throw
over the case, can change our opinion of it.—
Much may at all times be done by artifice
'to excite unnecessary clamour; and thus much
we must be permitted to say, that we have
known many an event, involving consequences
of infinitely greater importance, which have
failed in Parliament to call forth auy• thing
like invective from Sir James Mackintosh, or of
invective from Mr. Brougham. - On the present
topic their language is lofty and their minds im-
placable ; but we cannot help wishing that both
their anger and their eloquence were more pru-
dently as well as more profitably employed.—
With respect to the heathen condition of the
negroes in the West Indies, and the value of
every exertion which can be made to enlighten
and improve, there can be but one opinion.—
How far their conversion is to be effected by
missionary means is another question, and a
question which, if we were called upon to an-
swer it, would take us some time to deliberate.
The change from bad to good—from ignorance
to intelligence—from coarse and savage feel-
ing to a kind and cultivated benevolence,—is
a reform of no common kind, and to be attained by
no common means. To attempt it by mere doctrinal
exhortation of any kind is ploughtng the rocks.—
Regeneration is no mystical process. Negroes,
in the Colonies, must be educated, as vicious and
stupid people every where else must be educated,
not by being made to rehearse the formula of any
Missionary creed as the articles of their belief ;
for this will never sink much beneath the sur-
face, nor will ever much mend the conduct or
change the heart. The task, moreover, is a
thousand times more difficult when you have a
grown-up West India population to contend
with. You have here, as it were, the
Ethiopian skin to change. You have a savage
race to deal with, whose habits are in-
grained, and who cannot be made even to com-
prehend the metaphor of " putting off the old
man," much less to exemplify it. Under a ci-
vilized Government a people are trained in the
moral habits, feelings, and sentiments of their
forefathers ; they are educated first by their pa-
rents, afterwards by their masters, and through-
out life by their intercourse with the world. But
to catch up a negro to train him for another
world, who has never been taught any thing
worth learning in this, and whose enslaved con-
dition has tended from his birth to turn all the
passions and powers of his mind out of their na-
tural course, we really suspect this to be a very
hopeless
project. It may do-credit to the reli-
gious good intention of a missionary, but no man
who knows any thing of the world or of human
nature, can hope any real good from it. Even in
the younger branches of the negro population,
the experiment is not more promising.

[MORNING CHRONICLE.]
A division, when a number of
Members had
gone out, if fame may be credited, to witness the
balloon then suspended above St. Stephen's
Chapel, produced yesterday an unexpected ad-
journment of the House, so that many who took
their seats betimes to listen to the continuation
of the Debate on the question of the late Mr.
Smith's Trial, were grievously disappointed. We
are unwilling to offer any remarks on this case till
we hear what can be said by those who represent
the West Indians, in defence of what appears to
us to be one .of the most atrocious outrages ever
perpetrated under the forms of law.—Some of
the circumstances detailed by Mr. Brougham
exhibit human nature in so odious a point of
view, that we dare hardly trust ourselves to
.speak concerning them. We allude more parti-

cularly to the appalling statement made by him,'
on the authority of a Gentleman, who referred
him to the Rev. Mr. Austin. " (The Honourable
and Learned Member here read a letter, in
which it was stated that the Rev. Mr. Austin
had received the last confession of Paris,
who stated that Mr. Smith was innocent, and
he, Paris, prayed that God would forgive
him the lies that Mr. --- had prevailed
upon him to tell.)"—I shall not mention the
name of the person alluded to by Paris ; it
is sufficient at present to state, that he took a
most active part in getting up the prosecution
against this poor Missionary. The letter goes
on to state that similar confessions had been
made by Jack and Sandy."—All that Mr. W.
Horton could say against Mr. Smith was, that he
was an enthusiast :—" He had said it was wrong
to make the slaves work on a Sunday—this was
ill-regulated enthusiasm."—A man must possess
no small portion of enthusiasm, indeed, to expose
himself for seven long years to a society such as
that of Demerara.—A wise man, in the worldly
acceptation, would prefer a good situation in the
Colonial Office. But we will not allow ourselves
to be tempted into any' farther observations on
this question, till we have heard if any thing
farther can be said i❑ favour of the persecutors of
this poor Missionary.

[TIIE TIMES.]

Mr. Onslow's bill for the repeal of tho usury
laws having failed in the House of Commons, a
bill of a different form has since been prepared,
though with the same tendency and final object,l
viz., that .of releasing money from those bonds
which are confessed to be inapplicable to commo-
dities in general, and extending the principles of
free trade to a class of transactions, perhaps the
most frequent, hut certainly the most important
of all that take place throughout the busy world.
It is curious, though not unprecedented, that the
recent opposition by which Mr. Onslow's bill
was thrown out, proceeded from the very indivi-
duals whose interests it was most fitted to secure
and to strengthen. A bill to leave the money-
market free, is one which tends in the most direct
manner to reduce money to its natural value—to
adjust the relations of borrower and lender by
that which is found to he the only unerring
standard when applied to other dealers—namely,
the excess of supply or demand of the article in
question between them. Two propositions are
so indisputable, that we are almost ashamed to
state them ; and, if admitted, they jointly prove
the uselessness or mischief of the usury laws. A
fixed rate of interest being established, and no
allowance made for unavoidable fluctuations in
the market price of money, we say first, that if
there be an overflow of money, so as to make its
value in the market 3 per cent. only, instead of
5, a law forbidding the receipt of interest at a
higher rate than 5 per cent. is an absurd and
inoperative statute.: If, again, the same maximum
be established when money is scarce, and not to
be obtained so low as 5 per cent., what happens ?
Why, the unfortunate man, to whom 1,0001.
might, if procured at its intrinsic value,—for ex-
ample, 7 per cent. per annum,—be the means of
rescuing him arid his family from ruin, must
either go without any loan at all, or, instead of
5 per cent., pay not merely 7 per cent., the
current value of the money ; but 12 perhaps, or
14 per cent., to cover both the natural inte-
rest, and the risk incurred by the lender, through
a proceeding which violates the law. Know.
ing, then, how the landed interest have been cir-
cumstanced, and how sharply many among them
must have felt those consequences of the usury
laws to which we have just adverted, it was, we
repeat, a curious, though not an unexampled fact,
that the overthrow of Mr. Onslow's Bill was oc-
casioned by the hostility of these same Gentle.
men in Parliament. he new Bill goes to a
mitigation of the penalties—not to a repeal of
the ancient law ; but if carried, will pave the
way, we trust, for an entire abolition of the
existing system.

[MORNING HERALD.]
The ridiculous importance attached to the sup-
posed conversion of an Irish Schoolmaster from
the errors of Popery, is one of the most farcical
affairs we ever remember having occasion to re-
cord ; and the dramatic effect attempted to be
given to it, while it is not very reputable in
itelf, has very much the appearance of being
intended to serve more than one purpose, to
which we need not allude. Avowed proselytism
between rival sects in religion is never likely
to answer its purpose. We know of no such
.effectual means of producing converts, as is
to be found in the exemplary lives and doc-
trines of the Clergy ; and we cannot but regret
that the well-endowed Protestant Church of Ire-
land has effected so little in this way, that. it
should be thought worth while to 'transport one
solitary stray sheep all the way from Dublin to
some place in Upper Thames-street, to read (or
rather, as it would seem, to blunder) through a
manufactured recantation of Popery. We repeat
that all this appears to be done for mere effect,
and that of the most questionable kind. It re-
flects no credit upon the actors, and is calculated
neither to sooth angry feeling, nor to promote
mild concilitary measures. We doubt whether
any Clergyman has a right of his own mere mo-
tion to make such a use of his church. Our own
sentiments upon the subject of Catholic Emanci-
pation have been so recently recorded that we
need not repeat them to our readers; and we
will, therefore, only add that such an exhibition
as that to which we are alluding, ought not, and
cannot have any effect upon liberal-minded pro-
fessors of either religion, but (to speak more dia-
-1 ritably of it than perhaps it deserves) must be
classed among those acts of indiscretion, by which
even the best intentions are continually bringing
discredit upon the cause they would promote.

[NEW TIMES.]
The Eloile of Tuesday contains a long rea-
soned article on a subject which it has been so
long at issue with most of the English Journals—
the independence of the South American States.
The Courier a few days ago intimated, though in
somewhat mysterious terms, that Mr. Canning
would present to Parliament a recognition of that

independence before the close of the Session. The I
'Etoile labours hard to shew that Mr. Canning
cannot possibly do any such thing. With all due
deference to those high authorities, we appre-
hend they are both completely in the dark. Mr.
Cpialne ; nig is
he may notverychaoce
to
apt to let his intentions trans-
pire view the subject in
a very different light from that in which it is re-
garded by either the French or English Journalist.
The former of these writers lays great stress on
the supposed defeat of Bolivar. So far as we have
been able to trace the history of that personage,
we are inclined to think that he has a peculiar fa-
culty of surviving defeats; his mind is prolific of
resources in such emergencies ; and we should not
be disposed to augur that any defeat from which
he escaped alive would be likely to put an end
to his enterprises. The other writer builds much
on the alleged fact, that a Gentleman attached
to the Mexican Commission has returned with
favourable advices from that country. Now
we must really say that it is paying a poor
compliment to the prudence of the Foreign
Secretary to suppose that he would decide a
question of so momentous importance on such
very slight grounds. With a sagacious fore-1
sight has the Right lion. Gentleman dispatched
to those almost unknown regions Commissioners,
whose busines it will be to ascertain the real
capabilities of the new States, to note the state
of parties, the indications of stability or dis-
solutions ; in short, to furnish facts on which
a wise judgment may be built for the guidance
of our future policy. Nothing is sooner or
easier fabricated than a political theory ; and
we can conceive an imaginative Diplomatist
going out with his essay half-written, and giving
it a few finishing touches in the first month of
his residence ; but plausible as such a document
might seem to those readers who skim the sur-
face but know nothing of the depth, we appre-
hend it would not satisfy a mind like Mr. Can-
ning's, which with all it taste, and brilliancy, and
refinement, has been formed in the school of
laborious study and sound information. 'An
eloquent writer says, " the bolder the ima-
gination, the more luxuriant the fancy has
been ; the more has the memory been also the
storehouse of facts, and the range of the under-
standing wider in investigation." With no disin-
clination therefore to the cause of South Ameri-
can independence, but with a great aversion to
shallow schemers, and a determination not to
commit the interests of his country rashly, Mr.
Canning must needs require information of that de-
tailed and positive nature which only time and the
careful eye of a judicious observer can furnish.

FOR TILE SUN.

OF COFFEE AND COFFEE-HOUSES.

MR. EDITOR-Although Coffee is indigenous
in Arabia, and has no doubt been used as a be-
verage in various parts of the East, at a very
early period, still the precise time when it was
first applied to this purpose is no where to be
found ; and it is somewhat remarkable that no
mention is made of it in the Arabian Nights.—
It would seem, therefore, from this circumstance,
that at the period when these tales were written,
the use of coffee was not known in Persia,
though it is generally supposed to have originated
in that country. After gradually proceeding
through various countries of the east, it was intro-
duced at Constantinople about the middle of the
sixteenth century, and from thence it was dissi-
minated in the rest of Europe.
Anthony Wood, in his Athenw Oxoniensis, is
the first who makes any mention of coffee being
used in this country ; he states that a native
of Crete was in the habit of using it as a beverage;
and that in 1650, Jacob, a Jew, first opened a
coffee house at the Angel, in the parish of St.
Peter, in the East Oxon. Four years after ano-
ther Jew, likewise sold- coffee ; and in 1655,
Arthur Tillyard sold it publicly in his house ;
and according to our author " this coffee house
continued till his Majesty's return and after, and
then became more frequent, and had an excise
set upon coffee.
It is mentioned in A new view of London, pub-
lished in 1708, that James Farr, a barber, who
kept the coffee house, now
the Rainbow, near the
Inner Temple Gates, one of the oldest in Eng-
land, who, in 1657, presented by the inquest of
St. Dunstan's in the West, for making and sell-
ing a sort of liquor called coffee, to the great
nuisance and prejudice of the neighbourhood.
Although coffee is not mentioned in the Statue
Books prior to the year 1660, it seems to have
rapidly been very generally used. The following
is one out of many advertisements for the sale
of this beverage, which appeared in the Kingdom's
Intelligencer, published weekly in 1662 :
" At the coffee-house in Exchange-alley is
sold, by retail, the right coffee powder, from 4s. to
6s. Bd. per pound, as in goodness; that pounded
in a mortar at 2s. 6d. per pound ; also that term-
ed the East India being at 18d. per pound ; and
that termed the right Turkey being, well garb-
led, at 3s. per pound, the ungarbled for loss,
with directions gratis, how to make and use the
same ; likewise there you may have chocolatta,
the ordinary pound boxes at 2s. 6d. per pound,
the perfumed from 4s. to 10s. per pound ; also
sherbet made in Turkey of lemons, roses, and
violets perfumed ; and tea according to its good-
ness. For all of which, if any Gentleman shall
write or send, they shall be sure of the best, as
they shall order ; and to avoid deceit, warranted
under the house seal, viz. Morat the Great, &c.'
Further, all Gentlemen that are customers and
acquaintances are (the next new year's clay) in-
serted at the
sign of the Great Turk, at the New
Coffee House, in Exchange-alley, whose coffee
will he on free cost—and so maybe to the world':
end !"

No mention is made of the price of tea, called
chaa, in the advertisements alluded to ; but at a
latter period it is known there sold for sixty shil-
liugs per pound. Though probably introduced
at an early period, it was long before it was used
as a beverage.
Indeed it is on record that the
herb has been served at table as a vegetable to
be eaten with melted butter ! The above quoted
advertisement proves that tea was not first intro-
duced from Holland in 1666, by Lord Arling-
ton, though such is generally supposed to have
been the case. A. P.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, GUILDHALL, JUNE 2.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE, sat at Nisi Prius, and tricd Com-

mon Jury Causes.
JOHNSON V. BURGESS.

This was an action to recover the value of a horse, which
was killed by a stroke from the shafts of a cart belonging to the
plaintiff, and which it was alleged his servant had improperly
driven.

It appeared, that in December last, as the plaintiff's horse
was standing near the curb-stone in Mile-End-road, a cart be-
longing to the defendant was furiously driven against him by a
boy, who proved to' be deaf and dumb. The horse was taken
to a neighbouring farrier's, and there died in about half an hour
after the accident. A person who was, passing at the time
afterwards went, by the desire of the plaintiff's attorney, to the
defendant's in order to identify the carriage, and to him the
defendant admitted that he had trusted the boy with the chaise.
Two witnesses who knew the horse expressed an opinion that
he was worth 40/.

Mr. BaouaitArd, for the defendant, did not deny that the
accident occurred in the manner described ; but, expressed his
hope that lie should be able to thew that the deaf and dumb
lad got into the chaise without the knowledge of his client, and
while he was waiting in the house of his father.
To prove this case, the Learned Counsel, called the father of
the boy, named Cousins, who stated that Mr. Burgess came to
call on him, and left his cart at the door ; but did not ;,rive it in
charge to his son, nor did he ever authorize him to hold the
horse. On cross-examination, the witness said his son, though
deaf and dumb, was intelligent, and could write answers to
written questions. A witness was called who thought the horse
not worth more than 101.

Mr. SCARLETT, in reply, argued that if the defendant's case
were true, he would have called the lad to prove it, since, not-
withstanding his infirmity, he would. be a competent witness.
The LORD CHIEF-JUSTICE left the Jury to decide on the
conflicting evidence, whether the lad was left in charge of the
chaise.

The Jury found a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages 30/.

BUGIN V. CHANDLER AND WIFE.

This was an action for an assault and battery committed on
the plaintiff by-the female defendant. To this there was a plea
of not guilty, and also a plea that Mrs. Bugin committed the
first assault on Mrs. Chandler.

Mr. BROU GUAM stated the case for the plaintiff, whom he
described as a poor widow who had seen better days, and who
now was reduced to seek a livelihood for herself and only child
by her needle. She lodged in the house of Mr. Chandler, who,
as she omitted to pay her little rent exactlywhen it was due,
distrained on her apparel; and in so doing Mrs. Chandler used
some violence to Mrs. Bugin's child. The mother went to her
assistance, when she was struck several times by Mrs. Chand.
ler, •and fainted. For this injury she now sought a fair and
moderate compensation in damages.
This statement was proved by Triphena Bugin, the daughter,
an intelligent child of 11 years of age. She was cross-examined
as to some subsequent appearance of her mother at a police-
office, but the inquiry was stopped by the Lord Chief Justice.
Mr. POLLOCK, for the defendants, called Mr. Hutchings, a
lodger in the house, who stated, that after the affray, Mrs.
Chandler accused Mrs- Bugin of striking her, which she did
not deny ; but begged they would not execute their threat of
sending for an officer.
Mr. GURNEY replied for Mr. Brougham, who had been
obliged to leave the Court.