The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-28 00:00:00

o. 17,191.] LONDON, Tll RSDAY '-,; E N
, "_t T
Ny OCOBER 28, 1847.

rcATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE
ASSURANCE S OCIETY.
26, CORNITILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000. Ernpolven3d by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to life assurances end defer red annuities. The assured
has, on all occa9ions, the power to b0r,..0w, without expense or for-
feiture of the policy, two•thirda of thy, premiums paid (see Table);
a'so the option of selecting benefitso and the conversion of his in-
terests to meet other conveniencies or necessity.
Assurances for terms et years on 'the lowest possible rates.
DIVISION- OF PROFITS.
The increasing prosperity of th. , Society has enabled the Directors
at the annual meeting held en tit a 12th May, 1847, to declare a filth
bmus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent. ou the premiums paid on each
policy e.acted on the profit cc
£AMPLES.

---7----7-- -------
Inent Re- Assured Penns- Sum the DI
.4 Annual ;Policy 'norms in} St
Agel f.), i Pre- i taker, f addition ] Bonus in duetion •1 may 1
bor-
,7 ~, 1 rnium. ,out In'Assurcd. i Cash. Annual row en _
i Premiums. Policy.
—.— ----- ---
X s. ikl.j X s d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1
r 1837 243 9 3112 8 5 18 4 6 494 S 10
i x xs. d. 1838 218 4 8' 99 810 15 13 5 415 0 0 sr.
1839 192 1 l 0 86 9 3 13 4 9 395 H 1 0
60 1040,74 3 4 1840 143 510 66 8 4 919 1 346 2 3 H
t I
1 1 1841 133 14 2, 61 17 6 99 2 296 13 4
1842 111 6 8; 49 10 0 710 4 247 4 5, r,
a

The Apnital Ite:aort, W.th tables of rates, &c., may be had at the
offi. cc, or any of its bra'Aches in the country ; or, ou application, will
forwarded post froq,

F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary.

PUBLICA TION S.

CHEAP EDITION OF THE NOVELS AND TALES OF SIR
EDWARD BULWER LYTTON, BART.
On the 30th of October will be published the First Number, price
Three Halfpence, and. the First Part, priee Seyeupence, of
RIENZI ; being the commencement of the Cheap
Issue of the Novels and Tales of Sir EDWARD BULWER
LYTTON. Each work will be comprised in about Twenty Numbers.
The whole will be corrected and revised throughout, with New Pro-
facris by the Author.
London : Chapman and Hall, 186, Strand.

Just published, complete in 1 vol., price is. 6c1., in a stiff wrapper,
ss, cloth, or 7s. 64. half morocco, marbled edges,
THE CHEAP EDITION OF
THE PICKWICK PAPERS.
By Mr. CHARLES DICKENS.
With a Frontispiece, from a design try 0, S,-Leslic, B.A.
Chapman and Hall, 186, Strand.

This day is published, in 1 vol. post Bvo., Os. cloth,
THE BACIIELOR of the ALBANY: a Novel.
By the Author of " The Falcon Family."
Farming the New 'Volume of "Chapman and Hall's Series of Original
Works of Fiction, Biography, nd General Literature."
Chapman and Halla, 186, Strand.

MR. BROOKE'S JOURNAL.
Just published, the Third Edition, in 2 vols. post Bvo., 325., with
Six Maps, and Eleven Views in tinted lithography,
BORNEO.—The EXPEDITION to BORNEO
of H.M.S. DIDO for the SUPPRESSION of PIRACY, with
Extracts from the Journal of JAMES BROOKE, Esq., of Sarawak
(now her Majesty's Commissioner, and Consul-General to the Sultan
and Independent Chiefs of Borneo).
By Captain the Hon. HENRY KEPPEL, R.N.
With an additional chapter from recent intelligence, by W. K. Kelly.
Chapman and Hall, 186, Strand.

WALKER'S PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY.
A New Edition carefully revised and enlarged by the insertion of
5,000 additional words, price, bound in cloth, 18mo., 55., or with

the Key, Gs. 6d.
I)EVONPORT'S WALKER'S DIC-
TIONARY, in which the meaning of every word is clearly
explained; and the sound of every syllable distinctly shown, with
directions to foreigners for acquiring a knowledge of the use of this
Dictionary.
*,,,* The work has been augmented by the insertion of nearly five
thousand words ; many additions and corrections have been made in
the definitions ; bolder and more legible type, cast for the purpose,
has been employed ; and the utmost care taken to render the volume
perfectly free from typographical errors.
London ; William Tegg and Co., Pancras-lane, Cheapside.

- -- -
REID'S ENGLISH SCHOOL DICTIONARY.
In large 12mo , price 6s. Gd., strongly bound, the Third Edition of
ADICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LAN-
GUAGE, containing the Pronunciation, Etymology, and
Explanation of all Words authorised by eminent Writers : to which
are added, a Vocabulary of the Roots of English Words, and an
Accented List of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names.
By ALEX. REID, A.M.,
Rector of the Circus Place School, Edinburgh.
In this work, to which the Author has devoted the labour of
several years, an attempt has been made to compile a School Dic-
tionary adapted to the present state of the English language and to
the improved methods of teaching. It contains every word which
has been sanctioned by the use of eminent authors, except such as
have become obsolete, or are merely technical. While the usual
alphabetical arrangement is preserved, the words aro at the same
time grouped in such a manner as to show their etymologicalthe afrom
nity ; and after the first word of each group is given root
which they are derived. These roots are afterwards arranged into a
vocabulary; so that the Dictionary may be used either for reference
or for teaching derivation.
" Compiled with the most remarkable atte Man and accuracy,`
•' Invaluable for the use of schools."—Liverpool Mail.
" This work is, beyond dispute, the best of its class that has yet
appeared."—Christian Witness.
*** This work has been reprinted in the United States of America
Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh ; and Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.
London.

Of whom may be had, Now Editions of
REID'S RUDIMENTS of ENGLISH GRAMMAR, 6d.
REID'S RUDIMENTS of ENGLISH COMPOSITION, 2s.
REID'S RUDIMENTS of MODERN GEOGRAPHY, is.
REID'S ATLAS of MODERN GEOGRAPHY, is.
REID'S OUTLINE of SACRED GEOGRAPHY, 6d.

On the let of November, price 2s. 6d. roan, gilt edges,
PuNcri's POCKET-BOOK FOR 1848,
in addition to all the requisite BUSINESS INFORMATION,
will contain numerous Co:nic Articles, in prose and verse, with a
Coloured Frontispiece and Six Steel Etchings, by JOIIN LEECLI,
together with Seven Woodcuts, by RICHARD DOYLE.
London : Published at the Punch Office, 85, Fleet• street.

OSEPH MAPPIN'S PORCELAIN HANDLE
TABLE KNIFE ; Registered June 6, 1847, No. 43,501; is
the most useful and chaste article ever produced, combining ele-
gance, economy, and durability. It far surpasses ivory in its splen-
did appearance, and is 50 per cent. cheaper. It Is particularly re-
commended for its purity and sweetness—a little soap and water
restores its first splendid appearance. It will not break with falling,
neither will it be the least affected by time or service. All these ad-
vantages cobined in this article, which together with the price
at which the article is produced, form a tout-ensemble never before
attained.
Sold retail by all ironmongers, cutlers, and jewellers, in the United
Kingdom and the Colonies. 31anufactured only by JOSEPH
MA/TIN, 32, Norfolk-street, Sheffield, where they can be obtained
wholesale ; also at his warehouse, 15, Fore-street, City.
N.B.—To Merchants, Shippers, and Buyers, generally, J. M. offers
considerable advantages, in keeping a large Stock of Celdutlery at his
is
London Warehouse from his Manufactory in Sheffi, which
suitable for every description of Wholesale and Export Trade, an ad-
vantage possessed by no ether Sheffield House.

25. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I Is. each Box. Post free, 35., 55., and 125.
COPAIIIA AND CUBEBS ENTIRELY SUPERSEDED.
IVRA_Y'S BALSAMIC PILLS, celebrated all
over the world for the Cure of Strictures, Pains in the
Loins; Affections of the Kidneys, Gravel, Stone, Impuissance, or
Phyeleal Incapacity, Weakness, Irritation of the Bladder or Urethra,
and other diseases of the urinary passages.
These Pills have for years been employed in most of the Metro-
politan Hospitals and Dispensaries, and were extensively prescribed
by the late Samuel Cleverley, M.D., Physician to the father of her
present Majesty, his late Royal Highness the Duke of Kent ; John
Armstrong, M.D., Member of the Royal College of Physicians of
London, Lecturer on the Principles and Practice of Physic at the
Webb-street School of Anatomy, and • onsulting Physician to the
London Fever Hospital; William Milligan, M.D., Member of the
London and Edinburgh Royal Colleges of Physicians, Physician to
the Middlesex Infirmary, and Royal Universal Infirmary for Chil-
dren, Lecturer on the Principles and Practice of Physic, Chemistry,
and Materia Medics, at the Windmill-street School of Anatomy ; J.
G. Thomson, M.D., Member of the Universities of Cambridge and
Edinburgh, and of the Royal College of Physicians, London, Phy-
sician-Accoucheur to the Ladles' Benevolent Association, Lecturer
on the Principles and Practice of Midwifery, 8:c.; George Jewel,
M.D., Physician-Accoucheur to the Middlesex Infirmary, Lecturer
on the Principles and Practice of Midwifery, and the Diseases of
Women and Children ; and Mr. Thomas Batlin, Surgeon, of Maryle-
bone ; Mr. W. 11. Dewburst, Resident Surgeon to St. John's British
Hospital, Cross-street, HattOn-garden; Mr. Greville Jones, Surgeon
to the Free Hospital, Gray's Inn-lane ; and were administered by
the Proprietor in upwards of 1,800 cases in private practice,
prior to being advertised —in many thousand cases since, and
in no one instance known to fail—are strongly recommended as
a far more efficacious remedy than Balsam Copaiba, Cnbebs, or any
other medicine in present use. Many other medical gentlemen of
distinguished eminence in London have borne testimony to the effi-
cacy of these Pills, whose professional character and rank are a
sufficient guarantee for the advantages to be derived from the use of
this invaluable medicine.—Prepared only by M. 0. Wray; sold at
453, New Oxford-street, removed from 118, Holborn-hill, London.
PHYSICIAN'S ADVICE from Eleven till One, every Day.
SURGICAL ATTENDANCE every Evening, from Seven till Nine.
Persons residing in the remotest parts of the country can be
treated successfully, on describing minutely their symptoms, age,
:titbits of life, &c., and inclosing a Post-office order for advice and
medicine, which can be forwarded to any part of the world, securely
packed, and carefully protected from observation.
All letters to be addressed to M. 0. WRAY, 453, New Oxford-
street, London.

BRITISH COLLEGE of' HEALTH, New-
road, London.—The principles of the Hygeian theory are con-
tained in the following propositions :-1. The vital principle a con-
tained in the blood. 2. Everything in the body is derived from the
blood. 3. All constitutions are radically the same. 4. All diseases
arise from the impurity of the blood, or, in other words, from acri-
monious humours lodged in the body. 5. This humour, which de-
generates the blood, has three sources —the maternine, the conta-
gious, and the personal. 6. Disease and pain have the same origin,
and may therefore be considered synonymous terms. 7. Purgation
by proper vegetable purgatives is the only cffectuual mode of eradi-
cating disease. 8. Experience of upwards of twenty years has amply
proved MORISON'S VEGETABLE UNIVERSAL MEDICINE to
be such proper vegetable purgative. 9. From the intimate connexion
subsisting between the mind and the body, the health of the one must
conduce to the serenity of the other. Hygeism—The science ofhealth.
Hygeist—A promoter of health. Hygeian—Pertaining to the science
of health. These terms have not been adopted through an affecta-
tion of singularity, but merely for the sake of `drawing a sufficiently
broad line of demarcation between the old and new schools.

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
027 rnYsicAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 25. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., 19, Berners-stroet, Oxford-street, London.
Published by the Authors : sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ;
Hanuay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Starie, 23, Titehhorne-
street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and Is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive hadal-
gence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity.
It is illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. Treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. The consequences of early neglect ti
of the abase
of mercury, are also clearly pointed out. This section is illustrated
by Seventeen Coloured Engravings.
PART IV. Treats of Perry's Preventative Lotion, by the use of
wideerra otnion the
osfys marriage,
PART V. Isand its
which the dangers of infection are obviated. It combines with the
ts
power
devoted
virus chemically, and destroys
hteotyse
duties, The causes of
and philosophically inquired into.
unproductive union, are also considered, and
the whole subject critically
THE debility, impotence, &c., I Is. and 335. per
ing nervous and sexual
CORDIAL BALM OF STRIACTIM is exclusively employed in treat-
bloOd in cases of infection secondarysymp-
toms,d for purifYillg
the
buse of mercury, l ls. and 335. per bottle.
bottle. The Concen ed Detersive Essence, an. anti-syhilitic
m eruptions, and thei:r
_._3,
23,
id., 4s. 6d., and I is. par box, a
Perry's Purifying Speeil ill
certain remedy fill apulieaLicin
tion of Cie r. fcc, II
: strictures, and chronic !Mamma.
. •
in g,norrbre..

II!, ' feCtio'l, 10P.
ii. . with atlvice bc Lad al ale Establishment
only, by which the fee, 11., is saved. Attendance daily nt 19, Ber-
ners-street, from Eleven till Two, and lrivo to Eight; on Similar'
Rom Erne to One.

I\'.lC INSTITUTION.
The Last Week of the LET T..LIRES on CHARACTIM with
Musical Illustrations, by Ur. •
A LECTIIRC on the
RUSSELL, each EvAnltig, at
of ATE 111, in reference to
OPAL
Saturday.POLYTECA;
JETl:3;ll°l.fidt°l-'7Nofovaeland Interesting Experintem.s, by
Eight
11 tsToT
lc'
Le lA,otre
,rk
poeiNtxo,c
~,pEtel.
Dr. BACHHOFFN.A., daily at Half-past Three.. CHEMICAL
LECTUR.F.S. the ELECTRIC 'TELEGRAPHS worked. The
WORKING MODELS, explained daily. The l eautiful OPTICAL
EFFECTS include an entirely New Series of DIP,SOLVING VIEWS.
DIVING BELL nnd DIVER, with HYDE'S E W APPARATUS
for CONVERSING with PERSONS under WATER, &e. &c.
A:Inns:310B, Is.; Schools, Half-pr.ice.

A N T G OLD-LAW LEAGUTI—The FIFTH
rustic :\!EETING of the LEAG I.IE will be held on
FaIDAY Evening next, the 29th inst., at, the London Tavern,
Ilishop:,gate-street.
The Chair will be taken by F. BEN,NOCIT, Esq., at Ilall-prizt
Seven o'clock.
East Temple Chanabers, Whitefriara-street, Fleet-street.

COAL-HOLE TAVERN,
FOUNTAIN-COURT, STRAND.
J. RHODES begs to inform his Friends and the Public, that his
sp=ions Singing-room. haying been entirely re-decorated, was RE_
OPENED, for the Season, on MONDAY EVENING, Octc,ber 18, at
Half-past Eight precisely, with an unequalled Company of Vocalists

FIHE REGISTERED PALET OTCiF LLAMA

1 —WO7II, the most fashionable coat for ii, Alt the present and
approaching seasons, still retains the same me iterate price which,
has secured such
viii.eaTeommand for their
gweint huiatis
puospe,f;
lual
rniet sys. anl td
hg.
se nbt leeeinn amn
al ya
ea, pbpye
,apr :
Wellington, and the
Royal Highnesses Prince Albert, Prince George of Cambridge, Prince
Severall f.dlvard of
royalS a
visitorsxe- rGitriaschectloluerDt.uk A of
In London it can only be
purchased of the Patentees, 11. J. and D. NIC;OLL, Court Tailors,
Ilei
mt
to rt
li his
i Bs
114, Regent-street, and 22, Cornhill. Agents for Liverpool, Daw-
barn and Son, Bold-street for Dublin, Gr,orge Macdona, Moles-
worth-street ; for Edinburgh], Christie and Son, George-street ; for
Birmingham, Wareing and Son, New-street ; and the principal
Tailors in other large towns.

rri HE MECHIAN DRESSING-CASE, the
most portable ever invented, being only the size of a pocket-
book, containing one pair of Mechi's ivory-handled peculiar steel
razors, his magic strop and comb, badger-hair shaving-brush, price
only 255. ; the same, with hair-brush and soap-dish, Ms. To mili-
tary men, and as a steam-boat or travelling companion, this
inveutiou is an invaluable acquisition. An immense variety of other
dressing-cases, both for ladies and gentlemen, either in faicy
woods or leather, at all prices, to. suit either the economical or
lnxurious. An extensive stock of writing-desks, writingfcases,
work-boxes, bagatelle-tables, razor-strops, table cutlery, superb
papier mtche articles, &c.
Manufactory, 4, Leadenhall-street, four .doors from Conahill.

pATENT CANDLE & CAMPHINE LAMPS.
The literally largest as well as choicest assortment of PAL-
MER'S MAGNUM and other CANDLESTIQKS ; Camphine, Ar-
gand, and Solar LAMPS, with all the latest improvements, and of
the newest and most recherche patterns, in c,rmolu, Bohemian, and
plain glass, or papier mach6, in existence, Is, at WILLIAM S. BUR-
TON'S (late RIPPON and BURTON'S), where all the seasonable no-
velties are now selling at from 20 to 30 per cent. under any house
with whom quality and style are considerations. Palmer's patent
Candle (marked " Palmer ") ad. per lb., English's Camphine, in
Sealed cans, ss. per gallon. The money returned for every article
rot approved of. Detailed catalogues with engravings sent (per
post) free.
OVI4:LTY in FRENCH CORNICES, from 115.
A most varied and beautiful assortment of these elegant
PARIsi.I.AN NOVELTIES, which threaten entirely to supersede all
or r'toA--, ",,k‘p.tfacturc, from 11s. and upwards, complete for any
ordinary w. 4.. .• kit inlaid with velvet of any colour about 15s. each
extra), is now on SALE at WILLIAM S. BURTON'S (late RIP-
PON and BURTON'S), 39, Oxford-street, corner 'of Newman-street.
Detailed catalogues, with engravings, as well as of every iron-
mongery article, sent (per post) free.
WILLIAM S. BURTON'S (late RIPPON and BURTON'S) Stock
of ge-ieral Furnishing Ironmongery is literally the largest in the
world, and as no language can be employed to give a correct idea of
its variety and extent, purchasers are invited to call and inspect it.
—Established in Well-street, 1820.

DIAMOND OIL LAMP.-NEW LIGHT.
The Diamond Lamp is the best light in the world—is Used in
all the palaces in Europe—is free from all the imperfections of ordi-
nary oil lamps—so simple it cannot be mismanaged—no cleaning re-
quired for years. The Diamond Lamp is perlection in Light--the
public will have none other. Designs suited to the cottage, ,And so
on to the mansion of the nobleman.
To be had only, and all the New Lights are burning contildually, at
the Establishment of the Metropolitan Light Company, -RICHARD
CLARK, Resident Manager, 447, Strand, London, and of the Com-
pany's Agents in every Town In the Kingdom.

4g, FENCER'S CHINESE LIQUID HAIR DYE.
The thousands of individuals who for ii.pwitrds of twenty
years have used this eelebrated liquid, profound it to be the only
article extant which effectually changes, in i, few minutes, red or
grey hair, whiskers, moustaches, &c., to a dark brown or black,
without trouble (by simply combing it thro ugh the hair), and pro-
duces by one application a pleasing and permanent change ; and it
can be incontestibly proved, that while many dyes tend to destroy,
the hair by their pernicious properties and dangerous process of ap-
plication, that this article promotes the growth of hair, nourishing
the roots till the latest period of life. Price 3a. 6d., 65., and 10s
per bottle.
To be had of the Proprietors, 29, Nottingham-place, Fieldgate-
street, Whiteehapel-road, London ; also of Mr. Johnstone, 68, Corn-
bill ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; Prout, 229, Strand ; Sanger, 150, Oxford-
street; Barclay, Farringdon-street ; Atkinson, 24, Old Bond-
street; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London bridge ; Finnigin,
Miloom-street, Bath ; Elmore, Bull-street, Birmingham ; and of mos
Perfumers and Medicine Vendors in town and country. Sent to
any part of the kingdom by receiving a remittance, pest-paid.
Please to ask for " Spencer and Co.'s Chinese Liquid Hair Dye.'
Observe, the Proprietor's address is on the wrapper.

SERIOUS ACClDENT.—Yesterday forenoon a serious
accident occurred at Cambuslang, on the works of the
Clydesdale Junction Railway. It appears that the
miners were engaged in blasting some hard rock in an
open cut, and, for this purpose, had 'oeside them a barrel
of gunpowder, which was at the time almost full.
With most reckless indifference as to consequences,
as the event showed, the loose gunpowder was left
uncovered during the operations of the workmen ;
and it is conjectured that a spark, struck from the rock
by a piek-axe, had fallen into the barrel, for the con-
tents suddenly exploded, with tremendous violence,
among the labourers, of whom about fifty were em-
ployed near the spot. Four of the men were injured,
two of them very severely, who had to be conveyed to
the Royal Infirmary in the course of the day. One of
the two, an Englishman, named William Gormley, was
blown, by the violence of the explosion, against some
large stones, and has thus, in addition to his body being
dreadfully scorched, received severe injuries about the
head. The unfortunate men lie in a very precarious
condition. We understand that the miners have been

repeatedly warned of the danger to which they exposed
themselves by leaving their gunpowder uncovered.—
North Bt dish Mail of Tuesday.
THE BUTCHERS' CHARITABE INSTITUTION.—The
nineteenth anniversary of this charity was held yester-
day, at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street. Mr.
D. Salomans presided, and among the company were Mr.
Alderman Challis, Mr. J. Sharp, President of the Insti-
tution, Mr. F. Ely, Treasurer, Mr. Hall, Mr. J. Knight,
and other friends of the charity. About 150 of the
leading members of the trade sat down to an excellent
dinner, after which the gratifying announcement was
made that, notwithstanding the recent depressed state
of the trade, the funds of the institution had never been
in a more satisfactory condition. It was stated that the
Building Fund Committee bad purchased three acres
and a half of freehold land, at Walham-green, Fulham,
whereon they had erected fourteen almshouses, to be
occupied by aged members of the trade who had known
better days. The amount thus expended was 4,0001.,
of which the ladies, by their contributions, had raised
1,0001. The total sum invested in the Three per Cents.
is 10,438/., and the number of pensioners now on the
funds ot the institution is forty-six. The society gives
pensions of twenty guineas to the men and fifteen guineas
to the female recipients of the charity, besides a free
residence in the almshouses, which are exceedingly com-
fortable. The payments to pensioners during the pre
sent year will exceed 950/., and a further election of
five men and three women to the benefits of the charity
will take place this day ( Thursday). It appears that
every master-butcher may be elected a pensioner,
although be may not have been a member of the society.
The donations and subscriptions of the evening amounted
to about 2501., among which were the Chairman,
10/. 10s. ; Mr. Byng, 101. 10s. (annual) ; Mr. T. D.
Sharp, 101. 10s. ; Mr. John Collins, 101. 10s. ; Messrs.
H. and R. Arnold, each 10/. 10s. ; Mr. P. Emans,
10/. lOs ; Mr. Alderman Challis, 51.55., &e.
FATAL FlGHT.—Yesterday Mr. Wakley, M.P.,
held a very lengthened inquiry at the Pitt's Head,
Henry-street, Portland- town, concerning the death 01
Thomas Henry Birmingham, aged 26, a greengrocer's
servant. On Sunday evening last, deceased and a man
named Good, also a greengrocer, began to dispute and
quarrel about the amount of business done at their re-
spective shops. The result was a reciprocal challenge to
fight. The parties, accompanied by four others, pro-
ceeded to settle their difference in a field near Primrose-
hill, it being then eleven o'clock at night. They fought
one scrambling round, at the end of which both were
down. Good rose immediately, but while deceased was
striving to do so he fell again, as it was supposed, from
a blow struck by Good. None of the witnesses, how-
ever, actually saw the blow take effect, but Good
acknowledged that he had knocked deceased down with
his left hand. Deceased was picked up in an insensible
state, and conveyed to his residence by his two friends
who had accompanied him, Good and his friends declin-
ing to assist in so doing. Mr. Britton, surgeon, called
in by the police, found deceased quite dead, and having
subsequently made a post mortem examination, by order
of the coroner, stated yesterday that the right lateral
sinus of the brain was ruptured, causing extensive effu-
sion of blood in the brain. There was no corresponding
external injury. The rupture of the sinus was the
cause of death, but he would not swear positively. that it
had been caused by a blow, though it was his impres-
sion such was the case. After a long discussion,
twelve out of fourteen jurymen returned a verdict of
" Manslaughter" against Good.
TUE PENINSULAR MAIL.—The Peninsular and
Oriental Company's steam-ship Iberia, which arrived at
Southampton yesterday, at two r.iu., brings advices to
the following dates :—Gibraltar 19th October, Cadiz
20th, Lisbon 22d, Vigo 24th. She brings a cargo of
fruit and sundries, and the following passengers:—Mr.
Cockburn, Mr. Thompson, Dr. Phillips, Dr. Dombeck
and lady, Rev. W. Tottenham and lady, Mr. Walker,
Mr. Dickison, Mr. Vanzeller, Mr. Dyson, Mr. Goetz,
Mr. Ormerod and family, Miss Cousins, Mrs. Murat
and son, Mr. Roope, and Mr. Sandeman. Stations of
her Majesty's Ships—Gibraltar, her Majesty's steamer
Virago; Lisbon, her Majesty's ships St. Vincent, Cale-
donia, Queen, Canopus, and Vengeance, steamers Ter-
rible, Odin, Dragon, Avenger, Vixen, and Jackall;
Oporto, her Majesty's ship Polyphemus.
ST. PANCRAS VESTRY MEETING.—Yesterday, pur-
suant to special notice, a very numerous meeting of the
vestry of St. Pancras took place in the new vestry-rooms,
King's-road, Camden-town, for the purpose of con-
firming the minutes of the previous meeting rejecting
the proposition to enlarge the workhouse at a cost of
10,0001., and to consider other important matters con-
nected with the parish. Mr. B. .1. E. Wrght was at two
o'clock called to the *chuir, and the minutes of the pre-
vious vestry were warmed.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM TILE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
CHRONICLE.—The momentous step taken by
the Government on Monday last n ill obviously have
one very important incidental consequence, which
has, no doubts; 'already begun to occupy the attention
o f Ministers. An immediate meeting of Parliament
is, we take for granted, regarded as a necessary co-
rollary to the result of the recent Ministerial delibe-
rations. Lord John Russell's known disinclination,
on constitutional grounds, to anticipate the presumed
jui• l.gment of the Legislature on such a matter as the
suspension of an Act of Parliament, will naturally
render him solicitous to obtain immediate legislative
sanction for a proceeding that in the meanwhile rests
only on public opinion, and the necessity of the case.
The circumstance that this most important step has
been taken shortly after a general election, and while
Ministers are (officially) unacquainted with the
temper and opinions of the House of Commons on any
subject whatever, is evidently a strong additional
reason for losing no time in submitting the whole
matter to Parliamentary approval. We sup-
pose, therefore, that we cannot be mistaken
in inferring that the Legislature will meet on
an early day in November, for dispatch
of business. We count this a very fortunate neces-
sity. On every ground it appears to us essential
that the legislative year should commence forthwith.
It is not possible to exaggerate the practical import-
ance, to the commercial and trading community, of
i▪
mmediately learning the precise views of our leading
public men on those vitally interesting questions
which at present agitate it. We shall all see our way
the clearer for knowing at once, with the distinctness
and publicity which only Parliamentary debate can
afford, what Ministers think, and what Sir Robert
Peel and his late colleagues think, of the causes,
proximate or remote, that have produced the crisis,
and of the extent to which these, or any of them, are
to be regarded as within the range of legislative
action. There never was a time when the British
public needed more than now the guiding and re-as-
suring influence of that frank announcement of
Ministerial and ex-Ministerial thought and pur-
pose which is only to be had through the me-
dium of Parliamentary discussion. At this mo-
ment the whole order of things, in the commercial
and monetary world, is provisional. We must
wait till Parliament meets, to learn how far we are
to consider the first and chief of our commercial and
monetary institutions as in a state of revolution.
Even apart from the immediate necessities of the
present commercial juncture, it is in the highest
degree desirable that the first session of the new Par-
liament should at once begin. There is a vast
quantity of work to be done, which would infallibly
ne legis-
lative
fallibly
b e slurred r or
were
deferredneglected i f
totheh
t eu
openingsua of
l
Par-
liament and Ministers have an extraordinary amount
of heavy business before them, of the utmost urgency
and moment ; and it is but too easy to see that if we
waited till after Christmas the next session would
present a more lamentable record of lapsed measures
and lost opportunities than its
predecessor. Much
time will necessarily be occupied in discussing, not
merely the present commercial emergency and the
pro tempore expedient which it has dictated, but
the general principles and policy of that once-
admired legislative Act which has received so severe
a blow. Considering to how large an extent the
new House of Commons is composed of new men—
one may almost say of new parties—who will pay
but little respect to the traditions of 1844, and will
require to come to a clear understanding of the case
on its actual merits ; and considering, too, that events
must have more or less modified the opinions of our
oldest and most experienced statesmen--it is plain
that the crisis and the " currency theory " will make
very serious inroads on the available time of Parlia-
ment. We cannot begin too soon economizing a
commodity which is at least as scarce, in relation to
the demands certain to be made on it, as our national
capital itself. We welcome this necessity of an
immediate session as a saving of much precious
time, and a guarantee for the early passing of
many useful and indispensable
i legislative mea-
sures. Why, the Irish question s enough of itself
to demand and reward the labours of a November
session. We hope we are correct in presuming that
Ministers will avail themselves of this opportunity,
by passing through Parliament, without the smallest
avoidable delay, one or two of those measures which
the state of Ireland most imperiously requires—which
rank, in fact, in the same order of instant necessity
with the Executive act of Monday. Most reluctantly
would we contemplate the possibility of Ministers
consenting to let the wants and woes of Ireland stand
over for three months without attempting any legis-
lative solution of that most tremendous of difficulties.
From the dismal materials which daily crowd our
columns, one can imagine the frightful problem which
Ireland would present to statesmanship and legisla-
tion in the month of February next, if absolutely
nothing were done in the interval to arrest the pro-
gress of social disorganization. With the law of
landlord and tenant what it is, and the poor-law what
it is, and the utter hopeless misery of the people
what it is—with the whole collective relations
of Irish poverty to Irish property still unaltered
—without a thing done, or attempted or be gun
to be done of restorative efficacy or promise—
the Ireland of February, 1848, would be a
legislative perplexity, and an imperial peril, of per-
fectly appalling magnitude. As Ministers were
ready at an early period of last session with measures
on the most important of the great Irish questions,
and all the mere preliminaries to legislation have
been long ago adjusted, there seems no real reason
why some of the chief difficulties of Ireland should
not be disposed of between now and Christmas. Con-
sidering the variety and magnitude of the questions
which must occupy the attention of the new Parlia-
ment during its first session, we do rejoice that events
have in a manner decided that there shall be no
avoidable loss of time. We trust that Ministers will
not be wanting in that methodical industry and vigo-
rous management which are just now among the
most indispensable qualities of British statesmanship.
The prospect would be really alarming, if one did
not know what can be accomplished by re-
solute diligence and an energetic love of order.
With the whole question of taxation and
finance thrown open by the expiration of the
income-tax ; with the rumoured approach of the
dreadful visitor of 1832, warning us to hasten and
complete, at this particular time, those sanitary
precautions which are right and necessary at all
times, and to finish at a blow the legislative " war
against filth, fever, stench, and death-dealing pesti-
lence ;" with the remnants of old commercial restric-
tions, and older theological intolerance, waiting for
the final extinction of their miserable existence ; and
with European politics in a state of agitation and
unsettlement which may impose we know not what
demands on the time and thoughts of a British Par-
liament ;—with all these inexorable claimants on their
attention over and above the " crisis " and Ireland,
Ministers are prepared, we hope, for a most deter-
mined exertion of all the cardinal official virtues. We
cannot but think that it must be a source of satis-
faction to a Premier thus beset with hard work and
weighty responsibility, that events have done their
part towards accelerating the fulfilment of his multi-
farious obligaticns. The necessity of a November
session may have its inconveniences ; and we should
hope that Lord John Russell regards it as, on the
whole, a fine opportunity, worthy of being vigorously
improved.
POST.—Although tradesmen, merchants, and men
of business in all departments of commerce, demanded
the adoption of some temporary measure for' the alle-
viation
important to remember that theagnrgdeyabsttyes
is. of the particular exigencies of the moment, it
system
ihniigct
sheolfftt the
evil is a permanent one, and can only beli go-trid of
by a thorough alteration of the system, which trial
of twenty-eight years has proved a failure. Ware are
anxious to impress men with the necessity Of protest-
ing
which againstthe
e the
mischiefcontinuance
originates,
e thea,
maintained. We may, or may not, be near the period
of reaction from the present gloom. Property may be
near a partial recovery from the extraordinary depres-
sion of the late season. But, while the evil itself lasts,
every such revival can be but precarious. If Consols
were
now selling at par—if share property were fetch-
ing prices proportioned to its
i absolute value—we
should not feel justified in advi▪
sing men to put confi-
dence in the permanence of the improvement. There
is no depending on the workings of a currency system
which, at the moment when its action should be most
free and elastic, shuts up, paralyses, and renders use-
less for the time the vast amounts of paper (or
credit) representatives of value by whose exchange
and current acceptance the bulk of the nation's
business is transacted. Within▪ the last fortnight we
have seen the judges in a court of law refuse to make
an order for the sale of an estate, on the score that,
" in the present state of the money' market," not half
the actual value could be realisedolnYes ahavego,
rot r
were
lny
possess s ha
ioouns eosf rt
hu
ei n ehdi
g,
which, six
cash.six m
thsubstantial wealth, but cases have occurred wherein
merchants voluntarily suspended payment rather than
submit to the excessive rates of interestat
which
alone moot,: can ha
rottenne,, at ti,e ~ry to :e )f •
."'"'",11`;"
duces the anomaly, and this rott enne
thousands ss can oniy De
Here are of
cured by extirpation• hest character and great

thi operative classes thrown out of employ-
ment by the stoppage of factories, the sus-
pension of railway works, and similar hindrances
of the ordinary course of business. We are at the
beginning of the cold wintry months, and the pros-
pects of the poor are deteriorating. Employment is
their great want, and there are public improvements
and great national works projected on which their
labour might be most usefully engaged. All might
go on well, but that the money—the mere counter
of value—is short. A huge reality is set on one side
by a paltry fiction. For gold, in its character of
the money of a country like England, can never be
anything but a fiction—all the gold in Europe not
equalling the amount of money our trading opera-
tions require, and which is continually floating about
in the shape of bills of exchange, acceptances, &c.,
while business and credit are in what are called a
healthy condition. The credit is now locked up,
because the law assumes the existence of a particular
material in quantities which were never known in
the world, and legislation is based on the false as-
sumption. A species of money which, from its na-
ture, con never be but expensive, is made to govern,
or rather to thwart, the course of transactions reach-
ing to a hundred times the amount of its intrinsic value.
This pressure is not over. Experienced observers
of currency matters think that what has already taken
place is as nothing to what is coming; and that not-
withstanding any temporary postponement of the
difficulties they will still survive in the fulness of their
pernicious vigour. Mr. Muntz emphatically declares
himself of this opinion ; Messrs. Spooner, Taylor, and
numbers of men whose opinions are very various on
ordinary political subjects, are unanimous in attri-
buting the great pressure on all kinds of industry to
the system which the late Sir Robert Peel prophesied
would double his son's fortune, but ruin England.
Still Sir Charles Wood talks of " the worst" having
gone by, and the Times rages against railways, be-
cause they furnish large masses of the people
with a species of employment that enables them to
purchase and pay for substantial food. It is, no
doubt, perfectly true that the progress and extent
of railway works hare stimulated the consumption
of food. It is exceedingly probable that the
drain upon gold was thus aggravated. But what
could he more insane, at a season when the manu-
facturing districts present the universal spectacle of
mills closed or closing, and when industry is lan-
guishing for a field on which to exercise itself, than
to avert the progress of almost the only description of
out-door work by which the comparatively unskilled
labourer earns a comfortable livelihood. We have not
hesitated to do justice to the prudence and good in-
tentions of railway directions in determining on some
extensive postponements of their " calls" and pro-
ceedings ; but we confess it is not without despon-
dency we hear of crowds of workmen being dis-
missed at a period when it is impossible that they can
find occupation in any other way. Manufactures
cannot absorb them, and we are already pained at re-
newed and increasing complaints about the burden of
poor-rates in districts which were prosperous and
flourishing a year ago. It is no wonder that Minis-
ters should have thought such frequent Cabinet meet-
ings necessary of late. Fearful is the responsibility
which these gentlemen have to divide between them.
HERALD.—No one can deny, that it is a morti-
fying position for a journal, which has been accus-
tomed for 20 years past to think and speak of itself as
" leading" everybody and everything, to find itself
suddenly left aground, alike by the Government, the
public, and the press. Yet how could this be helped ?
It may be very well to praise "Cocker ;" but in truth
it is solely to Cocker that we owe the late death-
wound given to the Peel currency of 1844. No one
can doubt that the London bankers, in their late con-
fabulations with Sir Charles Wood, appealed, at
every step, to " addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division." The " sum" presented to the Chan-
cellor to be worked out was doubtless of this kind :
" The reserve or notes in the banking department
are now reduced to 2,630,115/. But this is less than
the Bank itself requires for its own business and the
business of its branches. 4,000,0001., it has been often
stated, is the requisite stock of paper which the Bank
requires for its own use. Hence, when Messrs. Roths-
childs, or Smiths, or Glyns, come to the Bank, and
want 200,0001. or 300,0001. on a deposit of stock or Ex-
chequer-bills, the Bank is compelled to answer, 'We
have no money to spare.' Then these houses return home,
and tell their customers, in their turn, We have no
money to spare.' And thus the word is given,
throughout the commercial world, No money ! No
money !".rhe inevitable results must be these : mer-
chants and bankers, possessing 30s. or 40s. for every
pound they owe, in goods or bills, must stop payment,
because they can get no money ! Each successive
crash increases the alarm,—the stoppage of one bank
causes a run upon five others,—the panic hourly
spreads,—and, should the determination of Govern-
ment be, that no relief can be giver, there is tho
greatest probability of the rapid growth of the public
alarm, and the fall of more ,local banks, until at last
the people throw themselves simultaneously on the
Bank of England, and in two days empty her coffers,
and put an entire stop to the whole trade and com-
merce of England!" These, we repeat, were the
elements of the arithmetical question presented to the
Government by the bankers, on Saturday and Mon-
day last. The precise figures set down it is not for
us to know, nor do they at all affect the general ques-
tion. We repeat the assertion, that the discussion of
Monday, the reasoning employed, and the resolution
finally adopted, were all strictly "according to Cocker."
And had Ministers adopted any other resolution,
they would inevitably have been arraigned in Parlia-
ment for not understanding the ordinary rules of
arithmetic. The one malcontent journal, which ad-
mits that it is, " like a naughty boy, kept in and
tasked, while a holiday is given to the rest,"—and
which bitterly resolves "to be malignant and pro-
phetic,"—ought to show, to save itself from the "de
rision" of which it sadly speaks, a very clear and
strong case. For, the unanimous consent of all the
rest of the daily press is not one whit more evident,
than the expression of the public mind, as audible in
every place of commercial resort. Go upon the Ex-
change this afternoon, and ask, among the merchants
of London, " Which of you agrees with the Times
on this currency question ?" and the answer would
be given. amid shouts of laughter, " Why, no one,
assuredly !" Put the matter to the vote, among
commercial men in the City, and Mr. Payne s
chance against Lord John, on the hustings at
Guildhall, would be seen to be brilliant indeed,
compared with the poll in favour of the Times, opi-
nions. For, upon what is the advocate of Sir Robert
Peel and Mr. Jones Loyd prepared to take his stand?
Not upon the mere convertibility of the bank-note;
for that point was settled long before 1844. Not
upon the capability of the Bank to pay every one of
its notes in coin ; for that capability never has ex-
isted, and certainly never will exist. 'Where, then
lay the wondrous merits of the measure of 1844 over
the destruction of which the Times now mourns,
while all the rest of mankind exult ? What were
its peculiarities, and what were its effects ? Its
chief novelty consisted in the profound con-
trivance, that whenever, by a bad harvest, or
other cause, the course of trade should carry
5,000,000/. or 10,000,0001. of our metallic currency
over to the Continent or to America, it should
the
amount of paper from circulation.
has been performed, and British commerce has
The
nearly sunk under the suicidal experiment.
calamity, by immediately withdraTwhiin.sg
drain of ooin went on, and side by, side the reduction
operation
has
more days there would be less
untry. The choice
carry on the commerce of the
"'the surrender of the
was, either a general stoppage,orte
take the fearful
of paper, until at last it became etvhiadnenwto that
sufficea t in i fetwo
measure. Government feared
first,
and therefore we
responsibility involved in the
Bill is knocked on the head,.
its last two numbers.
Times mourns and grieves in
one so valuable that any
But was the defunct measure
t over its loss ? In
reasonable man should lamen iePheethres
value consist? Did it
what, then, did its
hear, with delight, the generahl jrurbaihlal
equable state of im-
portantcur-
rency of all benefits—an 't'ioonverofwh"
prevent money from being too cheap
rency ? Did it
dear at another? Nothing of
at one time, and too
devised and enacted in
the kind. The scheme was
year was signalised by that
1844, and the very next
g
do anything to preserve to us the most
bad ones. Was the
good railway plans, and 500 Did Sir R. Peel's Bank
furor of 1845 wholesome ?
to abate Agai—
n do anything whatever
the circulat-
lut of fictitious money or credit which produced 100
ful device operate?
ing medium—how did this wonderful
As we have already shown—by increasing, instead of'
danger of a scarcity of .
are we to dis-
covera the merits of the plan, over the failure of which
all sorts of people, except the Times newspaper, now
rejoice ? Let that journal, if it can, exhibit and
wlhleevniatthine43g, wtahae aevil ! Where, then,
enumerate them. Or else, let it betake itself to the
sulks ; eat its leek in sullen silence, and not emulate
the fame of the poor man, who declared that he was
shut up in Bedlam, because all the world had gone
mad, and had formed a conspiracy against him, out
of revenge for his sanity !

A illiani Suall, the Mormon
patriarch, has been some time since suspended, pending
a trial on a charge of ',gross immorality,—Burritt's
Christian Citizen.

t.T and CITY NEWS.
.1%
MONEY 1%
CITY, WEDNESDAY EVENING.
Fu:Das opened this morning
at the closing prig es of yesterday, but the tendency
of the day's bu;.-Iness has been tovar4s reaction. The
first quotation of Consols for money was 83, from
Liuctuations took place until they
.lative sales being the chief cause of
which various
reached 821, spec 4
the decline. From: this point, however, they reco-
covered to 821 to at which they closed. For the
account Consols begai.l at 83k, declined to 82,i, and
closed at 82i to 83. Attt2r regular hours some trans-
actions took place, and the price was about a quarter
per cent. better.
In the Stock Exchange money was easy this after-
noon for short loans, at 6 per cent. The applications
at the Bank of England were not numerous. The
rate of discount out of doors for three months' paper
is from 9 to 10 per cent.
A further arrival of gold took place at the Bank
to-day, to the extent of upwards of 100,0001. The
chief proportion came from Russia.
The failure of Messrs. J. P. Howard and Co.,
colonial brokers, was announced this morning. The
liabilities of the firm are stated at 75,0001., of which
56,0001. is upon acceptances. It is said that the as-
sets consist chiefly of produce, and that they amount
at Eleast to 100,0001. Commitments in connexion
with Lyall, Brothers, and Co. are represented to have
been the cause of the present suspension, an un-
covered balance being due from that firm to Howard,
and Co. to the amount of 15,0001. or 20,0001.

The Liverpool letters state the satisfaction experi-
enced
at the suspension of the Bank Charter Act,
but there is already a cry for "more" in the way of
relief, as the present rate of discount is very unpopu-
lar. That enough has been done already, however,
to give confidence to holders of raw material and
produce generally is quite perceptible. " After all,"
says one writer, " what does an additional 1 per cent.
or so for a few months signify to those who want to
escape the necessity of forced sales ? They will soon
get more than that by the rise in their goods." At
the same time, even some of those who rejoice at the

immediate improvement in their position have dis-
agreeable misgivings regarding the future. "We
expect things," it is said, "to go on improving now
for a few weeks, at all events ; but we can hardly
help questioning whether this relaxation will not
work more harm than good in the end." "If pro-
duce rises moderately," it is judiciously added, " we
think prudent people will sell off."
Several failures are announced from Leghorn and
Genoa. At Leghorn four houses have stopped, the
parties being Morpurgo and Tedeschi, J. L.Valentine,
D. Guttiers Pegra, and L. Arbib and Co., the liabili-
ties of the two former being rather considerable. At
Genoa, G. Calcagno, a moneychanger, is said to have
absconded, and several parties are sufferers by him.
The house of E. Alessio and Co., in the grain trade,
has stopped. Its concerns are extensive, and a com-
position has been made of 35 per cent. Fratelli
Barabino have resolved to wind up. At Trieste it is
said some loss will be sustained by the failure of Ven-
tura of Venice, but that it will fall upon parties who
are able to bear it. Ventura, it is believed, will pay
in full, or very near it.
The Bankers' Magazine furnishes the returns
of Circulation of the Private and Joint-Stock
Banks in England and Wales for the four weeks
ending the 18th and 25th of September and the 2d
and 9th inst., and gives the following as the weekly
average circulation of those banks during the past
month, viz.:—
Private banks
Joint-stock banks ...

... X 4,341,530
. 3,107,294

Average weekly circulation £7,448,824
On a comparison of the above with the returns
for the month ending the 11th of September, it
shows :
An increase in the notes of the pri-
vate banks of
An increase in the notes of the joint-
stock-banks of 153,010

Total increase on the month £318,766

And as compared with the corresponding period of
ast year, viz., the 10th of October, 1846, it shows :
A decrease in the notes of the pri-
vate banks of
A decrease in the notes of the joint-
stock banks of ...

Total decrease on the year ... £507,092
The following appears to be the state of the circu
ation with reference to the fixed issues :
The private banks are below their fixed
issue
The joint-stock banks are below their
fixed issue .. . .

310,983

Total under the fixed issue .. £968,897
The return of the'Abingdon bank of Messrs. Knapp
and Co. being omitted in the Gazette of the 19th
inst., the return for the preceding week has been taken
as the amount of their notes in circulation in making

up the above summary.
CHRONICLE.—The fluctuations which almos
inevitably succeed a sudden advance in prices have not
failed to be experienced on this occasion in the City
The rise in Consols, which was at one time nearly 5
per cent., offered a great temptation to those whose
principle is to make a small but certain profit in their
speculations. The consequence has been a decline in
the value of Public Securities, followed by a corre-
sponding depression in the rates of Railway Shares.
But so far as these changes are concerned, they have
little or no importance, compared with the effect
which the wise and comprehensive measure of Lord
John Russell has produced. It is all very well to talk
of the country as an improvident gentleman, whose
means have been pledged beyond the proper extent,
and whose castles, dogs, and privy purse make de-
mands on him beyond his power of meeting. If at the
bottom the estate be sound, and if at the moment of
difficulty the want of confidence in his creditors be the
great cause of embarrassment, surely the wise course
would be to maintain the credit and prevent the worst
consequences, which all would allow his folly had
called down upon his head.
The country, no doubt, has spent, and is spending,
a vast deal too much money upon its railroads. But
either by the loss of its own vital power, or by legis-
lative enactments anticipating that loss, this drain
must subside. Already we see the amount of calls
for the ensuing month reduced upwards of fifty per
cent. upon those of the preceding account, and the
partial abandonment of works, in all parts of the
country, proves beyond a question that the evil will,
to a certain extent, be cured by its own severity.
Granting, however—as, indeed, is most true—that we
have squandered a vast deal too much money on this
one item of our disbursements, and add to it the
forced expenditure last spring for food, still we cannot
conceive why on these accounts the "eaanr or
general trade should be aggravated on principle,ypr
mercantile firms of undoubted solvency
graiatron of
posed as a sacrifice to be offered up i "Pf the late
viewtakeno
our disasters or distress.
position of commercial affTaihres
and by premiere
r c ah na -s
bean appreciated by the whole banking
tile community as both statesmanlike and sound. It
professed no end to which the most ardent admirer of
the late Bank Act could object. The doubts and fears
of the monied interest had grown into a panic, and with
the fear of the capitalis tit is utterly vain to reason. Each
small proprietor throughout the kingdom hugged his
notes to his heart, and felt the safer in their possession.
Every man in trade drew in his resources, and forti-
fied his position to the best of hisall, both
high and low, great and small, removing the notes
from circulation, and thus creating the very cause of
their distrust. The position of the Bank became
serious—rumours of a decreasing reserve were whis-
pered about—the whole pressure of commercial wants
was thrown upon it, and at last it was clear to the
most steadfast of the Bank Act supporters, that no
legislative measure can control the fears of people,
and that the credit of the nation must be the means
used for its assistance. The credit of the nation has
been employed, and what is the result ? That the
Bank has been overpowered by the demands made
upon it for accommodation. The Bank has been sub-
ject to no pressure, and the general opinion is that
not one note will be required from its coffers beyond
the amount authorised by the Act of Sir Robert Peel.
The effect has been, as yet, to remove the pressure for
advances, to unlock capital which had been for the 1
time locked up, not figuratively but positively, in tin
boxes and iron safes, and with the return of those
large sums into the usual channels of trade will come,
in all probability, a reduction, before many weeks are
over, in the rate of discounts, in other words the value
of money.
POST.—It appears that the present rate of interest
for advances on stock, at the Bank of England, is 8
per cent. for a period of not less than fourteen days,
and not exceeding six weeks. We hear of one of the
leading joint-stock establishments in the City allow-
ing as much as 7 per cent' on deposits, and requiring
for the discount of bills of exchange from 8 to 12
per cent. per annum. The stringency of the money
market has, therefore, it will be perceived, not yet
been greatly mitigated.
In the Foreign Stock Market there was no improve-
ment as regards demand, and prices are by no means
better, but rather the contrary. The competition
which the Bank have entered into with the public for