The Sun.
London, England, 1840-08-06 00:00:00

TEN iNG EDITION.

A BILL, ENTITLED «AN ACT FOR 1 NAVAL POWER OF ENGLAND
FACILITATING THE ADMINISTRATION OF i AND FRANCE.
JUSTICE IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY."

(F-r,m Naty,l aad Military Gcz"tte.)
Tae ffcctiv, force of tt, tirit,so Na.y is at present
so great (consisting of 21 sail of the line, and no less than
34,000 men, to whom 2,000 men are now to be added),
that unless the expenses of war arc to be entailed in
time of peace, we should imagine it has attained its
m,ximum. The appearance of the crews, their activity
in evolutionising (showing as great a superiority over
our rivals as ever), and the improved armament, are all
admitted as satisfactory ; hut the size of our ships is
now made a point of attack. In fact, it is asserted, that
in th's esp-ct they are far infer or to those of France,
at:d that %,bilst our neighbours are making immense im-
provements in naval architecture, we continue to con-
struct and to employ inferior vessels, such as are not
calculated to meet them in battle upon equal terms.
A review of our naval history shows, that in almost
every general action that has been fought our Lets
have been inferior in point of force, as regards numbers
of ships, guns, and men ; and it has always struck us as
remarkable, that this country, asserting and maintaining
by the valour of her seamen the dominion of the sea,
should have for centuries persisted in building and em-
ploying vessels inferior in every respect to those of our
rivals and enemies. Yet such is the fact, not only as
regards the battles of fleets and squadrons, but of single
ships, and up to a recent period this policy was con-
tinued. It is now, however, at an end. The ships
built within these twenty years, and particularly those
designed by the present Surveyor of the Navy, are im-
mensely superior, not only to any we possessed before,
but to any possessed by our rivals. The inferior ships
that still exist are employed for the purpose of being
worn out ; and although they might, under circum•
stances of sudden hostilities, be for a time opposed to
the superior vessels of France or America—(the ships
of Russia are not superior in size to our smallest)—we
have not the slightest doubt that they will perform as
well as they have done before, when we contended
under greater odds, without the least apprehension of
failure.

(Presented by L rd Biougtram arra Valr. Juiy 31, 1840.)
I. Whereas it would greatly contribute to the
ai-
minishing of expense and delay in suits in the Court of ,
Chancery if the process, pleadings, and course of pro-
ceeding therein were in some respects altered, but this
cannot be conveniently done otherwise than by rules or
orders of the Judges of the said Court from time to
time to be made, and doubts may arise as to the
power of the said Judges to make such alterations as
may be expedient, without the authority of Parliament :
be it therefore t-naeted the Quee'n's Most Excellent
Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the
Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in this
present Parliament assembled, and by the authority
of the same, that the Lord Chancellor, with the
advice and consent of the Master of the Rolls, and one
or other of the Vice-Chancellors, or with the advice and
consent of two of the Vice-Chancellors, may, and they
arc hereby required, by any rules and orders to be
from time to time by them made at any time within five
years from the passing of this Act, to make such altera-
tions as to them may seem expedient in the form of writs
and commissions, and the mode of sealing, issuing, ex-
ecuting, and returning the same, and also in the form
and mode of filing bills, answers, depositions, affidavits,
and other proceedings, and in the form and mode of
obtaining discovery by answer in writing or otherwise
and generally, in the form and mode of pleading, and
in the form and mode of taking or obtaining evidence,
and in the fora: and mode of proceeding before the
Masters, and in the form and mode of entering
and enrolling decrees, and of making and de-
livering copies of pleadings and other proceedings, and
to make such regulations as to the allowance and pay-
ment of costs, and otherwise for carrying into effect
the said alterations, as to them may seem proper ;
and all such rules, orders, and regulations shall be
laid before both Houses of Parliament, if Parliament
be then sitting, immediately upon the making and issu-
ing of the same, or, if Parliament be not sitting, then
within five days after the next meeting thereof ; and no
such rule, order, or regulation shall have effect until six
weeks after the same shall have been so laid before
both Houses of Parliament, Parliament having been
sitting during the whole of such six weeks-; and every
rule, order, or regulation so made shall from and
after the time aforesaid be binding and obligatory on
the said Court, and on any Courts in which the de-
crees or orders of the said Court shall be reviewed by
way of appeal, and be of like force and effect as if the
pre% isions contained therein bad been expressly enacted
by Parliament.
11. And be it enacted that, in the construction of
this Act the expression " Lord Chancellor" shall mean
also and include the Lord Chancellor, Lord' Keeper
nod Lords Commissioners for the custody of the Great
S of the United Kingdom for the time being.
111. And be it enacted that this Act may be altered,
amended, or repealed during the present Session of Par-
I ament:

Surely the French ships at the Nile and at Trafalgar
were as well appointed, and their crews better seasoned
and experienced than those of the present day ; yet the
majority of our 74-gun ships were as inferior to them in
those actions as the 1,750 ton ships, Edinburgh, Ben-
bow, et hoc genus, are to the French ships Neptune,
Jupiter, &c. However, we find Bellerophon* (the
old), one of our ordinary seventy-fours, bearing a dis-
tinguished part in three general actions, Howe's, Nile,
and Trafalgar, never shrinking from, but seeking out
the largest opponent ; and on no one of these occasions
had she more than 560 men and boys on board, whilst
the crews of the French ships were numerically greater
than at present. As to the reproach that the French
are enlarging the size of their ships and improving their
architecture, whilst we adhere to our old system, let the
following facts speak for themselves : _ .

On reference to the French official tables, we find
that of the twenty-four line-of-battle-ships building,'
but one first-rate (Le Valmy was ordered to be built
at Brest in 1837), is of modern design ; the Ville de
Fails and Louis XIV., building at Rochefort, having
been commenced, the former so far back as 1807,
the latter in 1811 ; and La Friedland, lately launched
at Cherbourg, was laid down in 1813 ; of the second
and third rates, two only were laid down so late as
1835—the majority of the others from ten to fifteen
years ago. So much for the vaunted modern improve-
ments of French naval architecture. Of the vessels
afloat, the most modern, L'Hercule, was built in 1836 ;
one other, Le Genereux, in 1831 ; one, Le Suffren, in
1829 ; one, La Cozironne, in 1824 ; and one, Le Triton,
in 1823. All the others are of date prior to 1822 ;
and regarding the two three-deckers in commission,
L'Ocean and Montebello, the former was built in
1790, the latter in 1812. How stands it with us ?
Why, since the peace, we have launched thirteen first-
rates, and have five more building, two St.
George and Waterloo) nearly ready for launching. We
have launched sixteen second-rates, principally of the
Canopus class, but three (Nile, Rodney, and Vanguard)
very superior thereto ; and we have building twelve
more of the latter description, one (London) ready for
launching. So far from continuing to construct infe-
rior vessels, but one of the small class 74's (Carnatic)
has been built for these twenty years ; for the Boscawen
and Cumberland, although rated 70's, are equal in ton-
nage to Canopus, and calculated for heavier armament 4
The crews of the ships in the Mediterranean have
lately been strengthened, and, should need be, they
-could be made up to the full war complement even with-
out draughts from England by volunteers from mer-
chant ships, one principal advantage we enjoy over
rival nations, owing to our extensive commerce. In
proof of the ease and certainty with which crews can
be increased abroad, we may just state that the ships
on the Cape and India stations destined for the China
expedition lately completed to the war complement
without assistance from home.
This brings us to a consideration of the maritime re-
sources of the two countries, those of France having
been ostentatiously displayed by our Contemporary, the
Times Journal. In estimating their tonnage, the French
include all the vessels of whatever description (even to
fishing boats) that they possess, and thus swell the aggre-
gate ; whereas our official returns comprise registered
vessels only. If we adopted the same course, it is pro-
bable the return of our mercantile tonnage would be
doubled ; for the principal portion of fishing vessels
under 30 tons, and all our coasting craft of less than 15
tons, are worked under license. To show how the inclu.
sion of these, which we reject, swells the French tonnage,
it will be sufficient to state that, of 1.5,617 vessels enu-
merated in 1838 (the last official return we have seen),
no less than 2,769 were under 60, and 10,735 under 30
tons !—leaving a residue of 2,113 vessels only above 60
tons ; and of the 10,735 under 80 tons, 5,849 were
fishing-vessels, many of them open boats ; the average
number of men and boys employed in them being
2:4000, or about four to each. The American tonnage
is swelled up by the same means ; therefore these things
should be taken into consideration when statists draw
inferences from the official shipping returns of rival nations.
The facts above stated, being from official documents,
cannot be controverted, and deserve the attention of
those who choose to investigate the relative state and
inquiry,
and of maritime nations in a pure spirit of
and who will not pin their belief implicitly on the asser-
tions of writers whose constant purpose seems to be to
exalt rival nations at the expense of their own country.
• Vessels of the old Bellerophon class, forming the
greatest portion of our 74-sun ships, were 1,600 tons.
Tae French 74-gun ships captured during the war ave-
raged from 1,880 to 1.900 tons. The exact tonnage of
Mont Blanc and Scipion, taken at Trafalgar, was 1,884
tons.

BRITI`iII AUXILIARY LEGION.

TO LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR DE LACY EVANS, M.P.,

K.C.8., &C., &C.

SIR,—We, the undersigned officers of the late British
A uxi;,ary Legion, and members of the committee of
officers assembling at this house, beg leave, on behalf
of ourselves and the two hundred officers who signed
the petit'on to the House of Commons, which we had
the honour to place in yoi.o. hands, to express our most
gra' efol thanks for the trotible you took on that occa-
sion, but more particularly for the strenuous exertions
and judgment you have exhibited recently at Madrid
in effecting the arrangement for the payment of the
L,-pion as concluded between the British and Spanish
Governments, and set forth in your letter to our Chair-
mats on the 9th ult., believing, as we do most confidently,
that that arrangement is as beneficial for the claimants,
as under the existing circumstances of the finances of
Spair, can be expected, or could be obtained.
We also take the liberty of requesting that you will
be nieased to convey to Mr. Aston, her Majesty s Ple-
nipotentiary at Madrid, our lively sense of the obliga-
tions we are under to his Excellency for his kind and
energetic exertions on our behalf, and we likewise beg
to assure, that we feel satisfied that her Majesty's Mi-
nisters will see that the arrangements entered into be-
tween the two Governments shall be exactly fulfilled,
conscious, as we are, that they have taken advantage
of the first moment when the close of the civil war in
Spain enabled them to presa our claims with effect, and
for which we feel duly grateful.
We further beg to express our great regret, that
now that an arrangement so satisfactory to us all
has been completed, any persons should deem it ad-
visable to continue to agitate the question of our
claims either in or out of Parliament, feeling that such
agitation can only be injurious to the interests of the
Legion.
We have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient servants,
GEORGE SERVICE, Assistant. Commissary-General,
Chairman.
HOR. BECKHAM, Lieut.-Cola 7th Regiment.
W. MARTIN, Lieut.-Col. 2d Lancers.
SAMUEL SHAW, Lieut.-Col. Ist Regiment.
W. H. WILSON, Lieut.- Col. Rifles.
C. CAMBERLEGE, Lieut.-Col. Ist Lancers, and
'H. P.
H. LISTER, Major, 3d Regiment.
W. PEYTON, Major and Paymaster, 4th Regiment.
H. ROBERTS, Captain, Bth Regiment.
BUTLER DE BURGH, Captain,,Rifies.
T. EDWARDS, Captain and Paymaster, Westmin-
ster Grenadiers.
DUDLEY BYRNE, Captain and Paymaster, 7th
Regis rent.
JOHN KYMER, Captain and Paymaster, Bth Re-

gircent.
JOHN JonNsoiv, Staff-Surgeon.
W. J. FRIER, Lieut., Engineers.
F. IL BROCKWELL, Lieut., Westminster Grenadiers.
W. ATKINSON, Commissary Department.
Committee•reom, Harlow's Hotel, Leicester-place,
4th August, 1840.

MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS.

The following aro the results of " A Table of Mortality
in the Metropolis, showing the Number of Deaths from
all Causes Registered, in the week ending Saturday, the
25th of July, 1840." The Table is issued from the Office
of the R gistrar- General

Weekly
Total. Average
1838.
265
156

CAUSES OP DEATH

Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious Diseases l5B
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses 147
Diseases of the Lungs, and other Organs of
Respiration
Diseases of the Heat and Bloodvessels
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other . _

f The Canopus French ship, and ten other vessels
built since the war, are designated the Canopus class of
84-gun ships, being from 2,257 (the exact amount of
Canopus) to 2,299 tons. The new Bellerophon class of
80's are about 2,100 tons; and the Vanguard class of
80'a, 2 600 tons. The 92-gun ships, London, Nile, and
Rodney, about the same tonnage as the latter. But the
new class of 90's, Albion and Aboukir, now building, are
3,099 tone.

Organs of Digestion
Diseases of the Kidn.ls, &c.
Chilubed, Diseases of the Uterus, &c.
Disierme. of the J,ints, Bones, and Muscles

57
3 5
13 10
6 8

Diseases of the Skin, &c 0 1
D,seases of Uncertain Seat
Old Age, or Natural Decay 6l 79
Deaths by Violence, Privation, or Intempei ance 27 26
Causes not specified
Deaths from all causes B5l -
Average Weekly Deaths 1,013
Deaths in the Average Weekly
• Week. Deaths, IE3B.
Western Districts ... 115 ...... 156
North Districts
Central Districts 156 208
East Districts... ...... 197 ...... 239
South Districts

STATE OF THE HOPS IN KENT

MAIDSTONE.-The bine in this district, even in the very
best grounds, comes out most reluctantly, and the mould
is very rapidly increasing. The foggy mornings and hot
sun arc likely still further to increase it. Taken upon
the whole there is rather a deterioration than an improve-
ment within the last week.

The accounts generally from all parts are worse. The
hot weather has completely destroyed the prospect of any
crop from the Weald of Kent and Sussex. Essex and the
North Clays may be said to be quite gone. The East
Kents have been getting daily worse for the last week,
and the city grounds at Canterbury have a very unpro-
mising appearance. From the now certain annihilation of
the growth, except from the Maidstone district, speculators
are again disposed to come into the market, as the advance
in price is by means adequate to the very limited crop.
General opinion is in favour of there being far below
an average crop, and report says that great prices have
been offered to different growers for thzir crops.
The hops at Brencheley are still in a hopeless state.
They are as black as possible (with very few exceptions),
and are deemed by competent judges irrecoverable here.
In Ticeburst, Wadhurst, Mayfield. Burwash, and Et-
chingham, there has been no improvement, but, on the
contrary, the bine is too much exhausted to 'uring what
little" burr there is to maturity.
In Goudhurst, Hawkhurst, Saleburat, Bodiam, Beck..
lev, Northiam, and Sandhurst parishes, the hops are very
bad.
The hops in Lambcrburst parish have made no progress
during the last fortnight. Duty 45,0001., but if all other
districts are like ours, 20,0001. would be nearer the mark.
Maidstone Gazette.

Total 651

1,013

It is stated that under the term Metropolis are com-
prised the 32 districts herein mentioned, which include the
City of London within and without the walls, the City and
Liberties of Westminster, the out parishes within the
bills of mortality—and the parishes of St. Marylebone ;
St. Pancras ; Kensington ; Fulham ; Hammersmith
(Chapelry) ; St. Luke, Chelsea; Paddington; St. Mary,
Stoke Newington - St. Leonard, Bromley ; St. Mary- Le-
bow ; Camberwell% Greenwich ; St. Nicholas and St.
Paul, Deptford; and Woolwich. The population as:enu-
merated in 1831 was 1,494,890. The weekly average for
was obtained by dividing the deaths registered in that
year by 52. In comparing it with the weekly deaths in
1540, it roust be borne in mind that the metropolis in-
creases newly two per cent. annually ; and that, if the
population had been the same in 1838 as in 1840, the deaths
wank/lave been 1-27th part more numerous.
General Register-office, July 30, 1840.

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS Au-
susTA.—Vre regret to hear no improvement has taken place in
her Royal Highness's health. For several days past the bulletin
has reported her Royal Highness to have been going on more
favourably, but on our reporter making inquiries yesercl
ay, the
sullioined bulletin of the physicians was handed to him
Princess Augusta has not passed a good night, and her Roy al
Highness is much the same as yesterday ;" which is certainly
less favourable. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke of Cam-
bridge, Duchess of Gloucester, and the other members of the
Royal Family daily visit her Royal Highness; and her Majesty'
and Prince Albert have throughout her Royal Highness's ill
nuss sent a royal messenger to make inquiries after the health
of the Princess.
THE BLUE DEVIL AND THE BAGPIPES.--
Burns, in his celebrated poem of Tam O'Chanter, describes
the old gentleman in black to be so partial to the music of the
bagpipes; that he even learnt to play upon them; but from
what occurred its the front of our office on Monday afternoon
la t, the blue ones have a most dreadful hatred to them, for no
sooner has a poor Scotchman got a few bawbees and " screwed
his pipes and gar't them skirl, the "Campbell's are coming,"
than he was ordered off by one of the blue devils, to the great
mortification of those who were enjoying the music, and, at
the same time, depriving the piper from making an honest
penny. We wonder when such unnecessary and uncalled for
interference will end.—Northern Liberator.
SAILING OF THE PRESIDENT._The interest
excited by the sailing of steamers for the western shores of the
Atlantic has not decreased. The pier-heads were crowded
to7day by multitudes of well dressed persons of both sexes to
witness the departure of the President—the largest steam ship
in the world—for the city of New York. At thirteen minutes
past two o'clock the vessel, by the firing of runs, announced her
departure, and anxiety to see her was raised' to the greatest ex-
citement. She moved gracefully and slowly down the river
from the Sloyne, where she was stationed, the decks crowded
with passengers and visitors, and the whole of the crew taking
a great interest in the scene. About halt-past two the Presi-
dent passed the Rock, and was soon after out of sight. The
President carries out forty.nine
passengers.—Liverpool
Chronicle.

39, ALBEMARLE-STREET,PICCADILLY, AND
No. 76, Kseic WILLIAM-
DEAFNESS AND DEFECTIVE
STIZT VISION.
—ANAK
gOrreaEteNrGpLrAoNo .
off
the value of the Messrs. S. and B. Solomons' Invisible Ope-
rative Voice Conductor, and newly-invented Spectacle Lenses,
cannot be addlced than the circumstance of the many thou-
sands of individuals who have obtained the greatest benefit and
instant relief, and the constant immense demand there is
for them, and the patronage they have and daily continue to
receive. The Messrs. S. and B. Solomons disclaim all con-
nexion with persons of the same name and the sale of amber
spectacles; the pernicious use of amber spectacles being now
well known to the public, and the vendor being aware of it,
; he has therefore altered their name, by leaving out the word
" amber," and calling them "Patent Spectacles." Dr.
Andrew Ure, Esq., M.D., F.R. S., &c., states amber is most
powerfully electrical by friction, very hot, to such an extent
grAtaos
meat:lob;
ieeerxr
danger.vpi
sloo losfet
such
uneb
nitoyofourrag softinin handlingeann their.
sti
wrists,T li workmen,arms,B, e.
;t o e arey
encountersubject
suche
yd
nreaatdufruelltyh-aetx
ictitiesda et! et
oc trtai ckse.
fire ; and when exposed to warmth, it swells, bubblesp up, and
and
Sir D.
pernicious Pliny, anda destructive also
b
such a material for spectacles to imperfect vision
may be ascer-
tained at any.respectable optician's in London.
NEW ENGINE OF WAR.—M. Billot has in-
vented a machine which discharges 2,000 balls, of half
a pound
each, every minute, or 120,000 per hour without cessation. Its
action may be continued, or arrested, at the will of the party
in charge of it. The discharge takes place at four different
and may be directed at as many objects, or united points, against
ore. The machine weighs about 851b5., and its range is about
3,280 feet ; but, if one were constructed of about 1 cwt., its
range would be quadrupled. The use of the machine does not
depend upou gunpowder, air, or spring,as a motive power.