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LONDON, MONDAY, 'N OVEMBER 29, 1841.

THE LEVANT MAIL.

will either be appointed President of the Council or
Grand Vizir. Althoughliosref Pacha has attained his
eightieth year, he is still vigorous and and active both in
mind and body, and he possesses more friends and adhe-
rents, and thence more influence, perhaps, than any other
Pacha in the Ottoman dominions. He may be considered
as the representative of Turkish progress based upon
Turkish habits. As Seratkier, he was the agent of Sul-
tan Nlalnond!a innovations. His system may be re-
garded as midway between the too rapid developments
meditated and attempted by Resehid Pacha and the sta.-
tionary, if not retrograde projects of Tahir Pacha and
other members of the present Government. His return
to office would probably put a stop to reactive tenden-
cies, and would be looked upon with satisfaction, gene
rally speaking, by the diplomatic corps, although it is
objected by some that he is likely to be overmuch in-
clined to yield to Russian influences. Be this as it may,
his sudden arrival has created a profound sensation in
this capital, and speculation is at full stretch as to the
results.

trians. A letter from a French officer, dated Beyrout,
the 31st ult., confirms this intelligence.
The English and the Austrians have, much to the
satisfaction of the inhabitants, withdrawn from Beyrout
and from St. Jean d'Acre. The presence off the coast
of the French fleet, under Rear-Admiral La Susse, has
produced the best effect possible on the minds of the
Syrians. Several of the most influential of the mountain
chiefs came to the Admiral, and, ingenuously enough,
admitted that, according to the language of the English
and Austrians, they thought France was without
vessels, and was no longer a great nation.
These chiefs expressed much joy on learning
from the Admiral that France still had sufficient
vessels left to make her flag respected. The Syrian chiefs
also assured the Admiral that the mountain popula-
tion would never forget the friendly relations which had
ever existed between themselves and France ; and that,
if the French would take them under their protection,
they would immediately revolt. The Admiral calmed
their martial ardour as much as he was able, and ex-
horted them to live on good terms with the Turks. The
chiefs then withdrew, charmed with their reception by
the Admiral and the officers of the fleet, and whither-
soever he went similar demonstrations were made. The
French also learnt that the Austrians and the English,
especially the former, bad everywhere been at the cha-
ritable pains of crying down the French Government,
and of representing her political relations with Europe
under the darkest colours, and the most unfavourable to
our national character. This impression was general
amongst the Syrians, and nothing less than the presence
of a French fleet was necessary to diminish the disrepute.
It would now be difficult to do so otherwise.

TURKEY AND GREECE.

- - - -
CONSTANTINOPLE, Nor. 7.—Various reports are in
circulation relative to the Conference held last week be-
tween the Reis Effendi and the representatives of the
three great Powers, guarantees of Grecian independence.
Among other rumours it.is confidently affirmed that his
Excellency Rifaat Pacha commented in strong terms
upon the extraordinary and inadmissible suggestion made
to the agents of the Porte, that Thessaly shall be ceded
to Greece as the readiest mode of terminating existing
differences with the latter country. Ilis Excellency is
said to have spoken to the following effect :
The three Powers, in guaranteeing Grecian inde-
dependence, could not surely feel themselves justified
in guaranteeing Grecian impunity, when its Govern-
ment or subjects violated laws held sacred by those
Powers themselves. The Porte, so far from being dis-
posed to receive any propositions trenching upon the
authority or acknowledged rights of the Sultan,
was resolved to maintain those rights, sword in hand,
and to repel by force of arms all attempts to violate the
integrity of his dominions. The conduct of the Grecian
Government has long called forth the Sultan's just in-
dignation, and has attained such unjustifiable extremes
as to render it impossible for the Porte to submit any
longer to those repeated insults without neglecting its
duty to itself and its allies. Unable to maintain order,
or to establish an efficient Government at home, the
Grecian Court has constantly•sought to enfeeble the
Government of the Porte, and to disturb the tranquillity
of the Turkish provinces. Its avowed agents, supported
and encouraged by certain foreigners, have been con-
victed of overt hostility in Samos, Crete, upon
the Thessalian frontier, and • elsewhere ; whilst its
secret emissaries have been detected in Bulgaria, Servia,
Roumelia, and even in the capital, in endeavours to
rouse the population to revolt, and in repeated
attempts to produce civil war between the ragas and
Ottoman authorities, as, was recently the case in the
vicinity of Mount Athos. Finally, matters have been
carried to such lengths that nothing remains for the
Porte but to declare war at once with Greece, or to take
such strong preventive steps as may curb the license of
the Grecian Government, and ensure the tranquillity of
those portions of the Sultan's dominions most exposed to
the machinations and inroads of Greek emissaries and
freebooters. It being apparent to the Porte, as it must
be to all Europe, that a direct tendency is manifested by
certain foreigners to aid and abet the encroachments and
intrigues of the Porte's enemies, it is incumbent
upon the Ottoman Government to meet these in-
trigues
and inroads by such prompt and vigorous
measures as may avert that war, which it is as
much the Porte's desire to avoid, as it is the
interest of Greece and the three Powers to prevent. But,
unless the Grecian Government can be brought to a
sense of the danger it incurs, and rendered amenable
to laws that bind other nations, the Porte will be com-
pelled to follow the advice of these members of the State
Council, who recommend immediate hostilities. In the
meantime the gravity of circumstances compels the Sul-
tan to employ wholesome precautions. his imperial
Majesty has, therefore, directed a squadron, consisting
of five two-deckers and five large frigates with other
vessels, to be got ready forthwith for sea; and lie has
also given orders for three strong brigades of infantry
to hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's
notice ; the one and the other to be directed upon such
points as may be determined upon by his Imperial Ma-
jesty's councillors.
A note embodying these sentiments was then delivered
to the three Representatives, to be forwarded to their
respective Courts. The replies made by the three
Envoys are said to have been cautious and limited ; but
whilst they admitted that the Porte was not without
grounds of complaint, they strongly urged the Reis
Effendi to abstain from any measures that might pro-
duce open hostilities, and give rise to embarrassments of
a characterequally detrimental to all parties. The French
Ambassador, who is understood to have taken the lead
in the conversation, recommended that the Porte should
discontinue its armaments and hostile preparations,
and abandon the adjustment of the affair to the
Three Powers, by which means the Ottoman Go-
vernment would avoid the expenses of outfit, at a
moment when its finances are seriously impover-
ished, and would ensure to itself the unanimous
and amicable mediation of France, England, and Russia,
without exciting doubts as to its ulterior intentions.
The Russian Charge d'Affaires, who was accompanied
by Count Pahlen, followed in the same strain. Mr.
Bankhead is said to have agreed with his colleagues in
principle ; but observed that, in accordance with his
own feelings and anticipations of the sentiments of his
Government, he felt called upon to offer, as his private
opinion, that Great Britain, however well disposed to
unite with its Allies in maintaining and consolidating
Grecian independence, would not only discountenance
any attempt on the part of Greece to enlarge this inde-
pendence at the expense of the Porte. but that it could
not fail to approve of any steps the Sultan might adopt
to secure the inviolability of his territory, and to preserve
his dominions from foreign aggression or inward per-
turbation—providing these measures were limited to
defensive operations, and accordant with established
principles.
If these were Mr. Bankhead's sentiments, they were
equally prudent and prophetic, for it appears that,
subsequent to the conference, a copy of a note•addressed
by Lord Aberdeen to the British Minister at Athens,
has been received at the Porte, which note declares, in
the most decided and unequivocal terms, that her Bri-
tannic Majesty's Government will not consent to any
proposition tending to affect the integrity of the Sultan's
territory, and advises the Grecian Cabinet to abstain
from any act that may justify reprisals on the part of the
Ottoman Government. This note, the general tenour of
which is unquestionable, is not only remarkable as a
proof of the sentiments which animate her Majesty's
present Government, but shows that Lord Aberdeen is
determined to pursue the line of policy adopted by his
predecessor, and it is consequently a full admission of
the wisdom and urgency of that policy in regard to
the Porte. _ _ _ _ _

The project for retailing. the sehims (Exchequer notes)
now in circulation, of making a new issue, and of alter-
ing the value of. the metallic currency, has, it appears,
been abandoned. This plan would have produced a
temporary. supply to the Treasury, and caused an imme-
diate rise in profit on the exchanges, but it would even-
tually have produced great losses and embarrassments to
commercial men, and deeply affected the credit of the
country. The British Minister, Mr. Bankhead, is said to
have materially contributed, by temperate and judicious
remonstrances, to the abandonment of this project.
The dispute between the Armenians and the Govern-
ment is in a fair way of being brought to a satisfactory
issue.. The Sultan has directed the affair to be revised,
and has recommended that justice shall be accorded to
the petitioners. It is expected that the members of the
deputation who were arrested and exiled will imme-
diately receive perrnissi& 'to 'return to their houses, and
that measures will be adopted for the future to pre-
vent the abuses complained of by the general body
of Armenians. This affair, which had excited great
irritation throughout the whole Armenian nation, and
caused many of the richest and most influential to seek
Russian protection, has, it is affirmed, been conducted to
a favourable issue through the advice of the Belgic
Minister Resident, Baron de Behr, whose prudent coun-
sels have more than once been attended to by the Reis
Effendi and President of the Council.

The Veloce, French Government steamer, has arrived
for the purpose of conveying M. de Pontois to France.
His Excellency will embark in the course of three or
four days, and will leave M. 11. de Butenval to act as
Charge d'Affaires until the arrival of M. de Bourquenoy.
Accounts from Wallachia state that the Prince Sove-
reign has issued an edict, abolishing certain religious
establishments, and confiscating the property for State
purposes. This affair, which has excited considerable
ferment, has been referred to the Patriarch, and by him
to the Porte. _ _

An extraordinary report is current, and considered
well founded. It is said that in a recent interview with
the Reis Effendi, his Excellency the Internuncio ad-
dressed a proposition or demand to Rifaat Pacha, to the
effect that Belgrade and its military limits should be
garrisoned by Austrian troops, upon the plea of their
being at hand to repress any troubles that might break
out in Servia. The Reis Effendi is said to have declined
communicating this proposition to his colleagues in any
official shape. This project has caused considerable sen-
sation in the diplomatic corps, and will, doubtless, attract
the attention of our Government.

The Nile steamer, its crew dressed in the Turkish
naval uniform, has arrived, and brought bac4c Teofik
Bey, first Secretary to the Sultan, who went to Alexan-
dria on a mission to present swords and nishans of office
to Said and Sami Paellas. In his anxiety to revisit his
harem, Teofik Bey thought proper to set at defiance the
quarantine regulations, and, in despite of remonstrances,
to break from the Lazaret before the expiration of the
prescribed time. The Sanitory Board have addressed a
strong complaint to the Porte upon the subject, declaring
that such conduct on the part of men who neglect to
show an example of obedience to the law, ought to be
visited with severe punishment.
CONSTANTINOPLE Nov. 3.—The Ministers of the three
European Powers who were parties to the settlement of
the affairs of Greece, and whose signatures are sub-
scribed to the protocol of the 6th of July, 1828, have,
during the last week, at the special invitation of the Reis
Effendi, been present at two conferences relative to the
differences now subsisting between the Ottoman and
Greek GovernMents, and which, unless timely mea-
sures be taken to avert them, may lead to the most
fatal consequences. The Porte has, with respect to
the non-fulfilment of treaties, very just and serious
grounds of complaint. The strongest of them is the
delay which the Greek Government, under one frivo-
lous pretext or another, has shown in the payment of
the indemnity which had been promised under the gua-
rantee of the Three Power to the Mussulmans, who, at
the time of the convention, abandoned their estates in
Greece. Instead of selling these, and devoting their
proceeds to the liquidation of the stipulated indemnity,
the Government has retained them in its own hands as
national domains. The Porte, however, cannot view
without the deepest alarm and concern the palpable en-
couragement afforded by the Greek Government to re-
volt of the Greek population of the empire, both on the
continent and in the islands. It is now high time to as-
certain if the Powers, who established this petty king-
dom, and prescribed its limits, intended it only as a thorn
in the side of Turkey. Will they countenance its un-
principled machinations? Will they, should it persist
in them, protect it against their consequences? Cer-
tainly nothing but confidence in that protection
could have emboldened a State so insignificant to
injure and insult another comparativelyi so powerful.
The Porte, therefore, demands either that the Powers
in question should take prompt and effective mea-
sures to brine. the Greek Government to its senses with
respect to these matters, or allow it (the Porte) to em-
ploy the means which it undoubtedly possesses, of vin-
dicating its own rights. This appeal to the three Powers
seems certainly unanswerable, and a circumstance which
now more than ever excites the apprehensions of the
Divan, is the admission into the new Cabinet at Athens,
of several Ministers who are notoriously members of
the Philorthodoi Society—the avowed objects of which
involve nothing less than the entire overthrow of the
Ottoman empire. In the meanwhile, that the Porte
may be in a position to make these demands respected,
and draw immediate attention to them, it is now march-
ing the greater part of the new levies that have lately
been assembled at Constantinople into Roumelia. A
fleet also, consisting of four ships of the line and a cor-
responding number of frigates and corvettes, is fitting
out with all haste at the arsenal.
In the audience lately given by the Sultan to M. De
Pontois, for the purpose of taking leave of his Highness,
Inv sasraddse r
formally a
the officers of the household had omitted to offer the
owrtiel.iehThhee
Foreignlie , a b e
Affairs,
ipf
al raieirnas
noofrf
etetiquetteributed the
omission to the time of M. De Pontois' visit, which was
AR:lmtienrbister for
during the fast of the Ramazan, when smoking, us well
as eating or drinking, is strictly forbidden. He promised,
however, that an apology should be made in the official
Gazette. Pipes seem to play a very important part in
the East. The breaking of a pipe over the French Con-
sul's head lost the Dey of Algiers his Regency ; but
though consequences as awful appeared likely to flow from
the denial of a pipe to the French Ambassador, it is now
certain they will all end in smoke and an apology.
(From the Augsburg Gazette of Nov. 21.)
CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 3.—Chosrew Pacha, exiled to
Rodosto, has obtained the Sultan's permission to return
to the capital, and pass the remainder of his days at his
country seat at Emir Kjan, on the Bosphorus. Much
activity reigns at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. A
conference has taken place, at which the representatives
of the Foreign Powers were invited, but not all came.
This conference caused a great sensation, because the
Ramazan did not prevent it from taking place. Our
arsenals are full of workmen. Yakub Paella has been
appointed Generalissimo, and will shortly commence
his functions. The armaments of the Porte caused
so much anxiety to the representatives of the
Foreign Powers, that a note on the subject
was presented to the Reis Effendi, who replied
thereto by stating that they were being prosecuted in
consequence of the alarming reports from the provinces
and from Greece. He also invited the Representatives
of the Powers who signed the July Treaty of 1827, to a
Conference, which took place on the 29th ult., and at
which were present the Turkish Minister, and the Am-
bassadors of France, of England, and of Russia. Rifaat
Paella has, it is said, represented the complaints of the
Ottoman Porte against Greece. They are seven in
number, and are couched in energetic language. The
Porte complains especially of the conduct of the Greek
functionaries towards the Turkish subjects, and of the
refusal made by the Greek Government to sign the
commercial Treaty recently concluded ; in a word, of
the efforts making by the Greek Government to increase
the population of the country to the detriment of Turkey
by the violation of international rights. The Porte is
dissatisfied with the policy followed up by King Otho
with regard to the Candiote insurrection, as also of his
efforts to extend his territory beyond the limits fixed by
the Treaties. This point is the most important one, and
the Porte asserts that it has in its possession incontro-
vertible proofs of the truth of its assertion. The re-or-
ganisation of the Financial Department is in progress, and
the system of raising taxes has been already modified.
FRONTIERS OF TURKEY, Nov. 8.----Belgrade letters
announce the conclusion of the trial of the parties con-
cerned in the plot lately set on foot against the Ministry
and the Senate. Four of the accused have been con-
demned to death ; the others, amongst whom was the
Princess Lubitzka's brother, have been sentenced to per-
petual imprisonment, or for a limited period. Two of
those condemned to death have been already executed,
the others having obtained a commutation of the extreme
penalty, are to be confined fur twenty years.
(From the Gazette of I! pper Germany.)

The advice, said to have been given by Y. de Pontois,
is susceptible of a double interpretation. It is perfectly
just as regards general principles, and wears an air of
interest fully accordant with the sentiments that ought
to animate one of the Porte's most ancient allies. But
France has constantly shown herself disposed to enfeeble
the Sultan's authority. She has manifested, and still
manifests, hostile intentions in Egypt, on the coast of
Africa, and in Greece. Thus when the Ambassador ad-
vises the Porte to refrain from the very measures that
France insists upon adopting, and maintaining at home,
that is, when France advises the Porte to abstain from
an armed peace, then it cannot be a matter of sur-
prise if the Ottoman Government questions the honesty
of this advice, and persists, as France persists, in aug-
menting her naval and military forces, and trusting
to her new strength for the maintenance of her terri•
torial integrity. In the meantime the preparations
in the arsenal are carried on with unabated activity,
and a contract has been concluded with the Austrian
Steam Company for the conveyance of 18,000 men
of the Asiatic ilediff (militia) from Samsousi to Con-
stantinople. These troops are to supply the place of
the three brigades of infantry ordered to hold them-
selves in readiness to march or embark. The ultimate
destination of the naval squadron and corps d'armee
is kept secret at the Porte. Some persons affirm that,
in consequence of so many line-of-battle ships and large
frigates being got ready, a part will be directed upon
Tunis, and the remainder upon Volo. Others affirm
that the whole will proceed to the latter place to pass
the winter, and that the three columns of infantry will
move upon Adrianople, Sofia, and Larissa, there to await
further orders, under the command of Zacharieh Pacha,
who has been appointed Seraskier of Roumelia. If the
object of this corps be to cover the frontiers of Thessaly,
as well as to watch Bulgaria and Roumelia, these prefa-
ratory positions are well chosen, as the columns can be
speedily concentrated in advance, and the supplies
necessary for their maintenance, especially forage
for the cavalry, can be easily obtained. Instructions
for the formation of magazines have already been
issued. This appears to be the only result •f M.
Piscatory's mission to Greece, and of the extraordinary pro-
position to despoil the Sultan °June of his fairest provinces.
As regards the proceedings of the Grecian Govern-
ment, it is but just to say there are some causes for ex-
tenuation. It must be borne in mind that it stands in
an exceptionable position, and that it is at the head of a
semi-barbarous and almost ungovernable people, unfit,
according to M. Guizot's circular, to receive a Consti-
tution. Its Central Government is without power to en-
force the laws, and its provincial administration is with-
out means to control those beneath them. The Court
has little influence beyond the walls of Athens, and its
influence there is far from being of a decided character.
From time immemorial the people of Greece have been
divided, lawless, and opposed. to each other. Local jea-
lousies have always prevailed over general interests.
The population, with few exceptions, have formed two
classes—freebooters by sea and marauders by land.
The arts of industry and agriculture have been, and
are neglected, and as the territorial radius extends
from the capital, the elements of government be-
come gradually weaker, so that at the extreme
limits the power of control is almost entirely lost,
and to maintain legal order upon the frontier of
ttNwihi
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people
nos f
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givingo Irlfdy aErayns
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ndhtThessaly
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cia.
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a nwdeor .Ctoanpardoa-
ptoorsye,
tioiratattihyeoßthreitrishFrGeonychermpleiniltansnie'oldpiastb,
to the United States, in order to put an end to the
encroachments of the American sympathisers ?
The negotiations alluded to in former letters, for the
recal from exile of the celebrated Kosref Pacha have
terminated in a manner that has surprised even those
who were acquainted with what was passing upon this
subject. On Wednesday, after a secret council held
at Beshiktash, an Austrian steamer was hired to
proceed to Rodosto, and upon Friday morning she
returned, bringing with her the venerable and once
all-powerful Minister, who had prepared himself to
embark at a moment's notice. Immediately upon
landing Kosref Pacha proceeded to his yak (sea
or bankside house) at Fonduki, a little above
Tophana, where, it is said publicly, that he will
be permitted to end his days in retirement. But
there are strong grounds for believing that his sudden
' , recalls the prelude to his return to office, and that he

CONSTINTIOPLE, Nov. 3.—ACCording to latest news
from Syria the Druses and the Maronites still resist the
Pachas of Beyrout and of St. Jean d'Acre, and exact the
fultiltnent of the promises which were made to them ;
also, and especially, the reduction of the tribute. Mehe-
met Ali has just written to inform the Sultan that the
(From the Consiitutionnel of Wednesday.)
l'urikigsyhpittinainfoartrninvky'.ill shortly be introduced throughout
the

We announced a fortnight since that our AMbassador
in London had been informed by Lord Aberdeen of the
complete evacuation of Syria by the English and Aus•