The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-14 00:00:00

THE SUN. LONDON. THURSDAY. JANTARAv 14. 181 i.

in the representative, the agricultural labourers,
the workers in factories, the men who go down
into the bowels of the earth to procure us coals rand
metals, would remain much under the influence of
the landowners, the clergy, the factory owners, and
the mine owners. If the opulent classes chose to exert
themselves, as universal suffrage would compel
them, they would be able to control to a very con-
siderable extent the votes of the industrious classes,
No example has yet occurred of any person having
been elected for Scotland, though no property qua-
lification is required as a representative, destitute
of property below the average rank of the represen-
tatives who are required to have a property quali-
fication. Reason and experience, then, combine to
prove that it would be far safer and better for the
whole to share the power of making laws equally
amongst all classes than to monopolize it by pro-
perty, and that it would be better and safer for
property to allow numbers an equal share than it is
for numbers to vest the power exclusively in pro-
perty. The latter is certain to lead to the oppres-
sion of the many ; giving the many the power
to make laws does not, in like manner, even threaten
to be oppressive to the few.

We drew attention on Friday to the fact that the
Morning Post had become a free trader, and on
principle an advocate for the repeal of the Corn-
laws, without knowing it. Our Contemporary was
eloquent in favour of free competition, which it pro-
nounced to be the main principle of abundance and
steadiness of supply. We now learn from the
Dublin Evening Mail that the Standard is also a
convert to free trade. We should certainly have
recorded the fact before, had we noticed it, though
we scarcely regret that we did not, as the quotation
we are now about to submit from the former wit
show that both these Pro-Corn-law Journals assent
to the grand doctrines of free trade. The capitals,
with the rest of the quotation, are from the Dublin
Evening Mail:—
The third and last of our positions, which meets with
the assent of the Standard, is one which, wherever it is
conceded, ought to put an end to all thoughts of giving
more than a mere preference, carteris paribus, to any
article of home manufacture ; and we can only express
our astonishment that our Contemporary, with all his
faculties of mind, and with his eyes so fully open to the
great and universal truth which we are about to enun.
ciate in his own words, could, for a moment, contemplate
the irrational course of " submitting to the sacrifice of
using goods of inferior quality, or higher priced, than
the goods of established manufacturers," which he, al-
, most in the same breath, recommends :
" The young manufacturer cannot be blind to his
own interest, or to THE TRUTH THAT MEN
WILL NOT PERMANENTLY CONTENT
THEMSELVES WITH THE WORSE AND
DEARER ARTICLE, WHEN THEY CAN
HAVE THE BETTER AND CHEAPER."
This great leading principle, not of national policy nor
of political economy alone, but of human nature in every
age and in every country, laughs to scorn all the inte-
rested nonsense Ville Butts and the O'Connell:, who
might as soon think to eradicate the seeds of vegetation
from the earth, as to make a community of men act sys.
tematically in a voluntary opposition to their own indi-
vidual interests.

Now, if all this is true of Mr. O'CoNNELL's
scheme to foster and force manufactures in Ireland,
it is equally true of the landlords' scheme to foster
and force agriculture in the whole empire. In the
teeth of their united declaration, " that men will
not permanently content themselves with the worse
and dearer article," our Pro-Corn-law Contempo-
raries persist in endeavouring to make our manufac-
turers contented with worse and dearer corn grown
in England, when they could, except for the law
made by the landlords to enrich themselves, have
the better and the cheaper corn grown in Poland
and Russia. These gentlemen are usefully engaged
in refuting their own arguments, and we willingly
and cheerfully leave them to their work, merely re-
minding them of the saying, invested with some
authority, that " a house divided against itself can-
not stand." Against Mr. O'CoriNEL 1., they
strenuously espouse the doctrines of free trade ;
against the Anti-Corn-law League, they as
strenuously espouse the system of restrictions, pro-
tections,
and bounties.

The case of Mr. FROST is now before the pub-
lic by his own letter, and we cannot see in that
the least ground for the censure which the Tory
journals have heaped on the Ministers. FROST
is sent to one of the worst penal settlements, the
place of punishment for those who are too wicked
to live with other convicts. There is no mercy in
that. But Mr. FROST is not chained with thieves
and murderers, and is not compelled, like them, to
work in irons. Now that is quite consistent with
general policy and general practice. It never has
been customary to treat those convicted of political
offences as if they were thieves or highwaymen.
Probably those who made the laws had an eye to
themselves in founding the distinction, for while
they could never dread being punished as thieves,
they never could tell to what accusations, in the tur-
moils of party, they might be exposed. Certain it is,
however, a distinction between political offenders
and other offenders has always been observed, and
loud and just would be the remonstrances were men
like Mr. FROST to be ironed with thieves and
murderers. In Mr. FROST'S letter we see no proof
of any mercy or kind treatment more than is usual
in cases like his ; and we repeat that if the Govern-
ment had shown either mercy or kindness with a
view to soothing the masses at home, we should
not have been disposed to blame them. Beyond
the necessary constraint to keep Mr. FROST safe,
every hardship inflicted upon him is gratuitous
cruelty, savouring of a personal desire of vengeance,
which ought, for the common and general good, to
be reprobated. To thirst for the man's blood is to
have the passions of a tiger ; to desire that he
should be exposed to the terrible cruelties inflicted
on the twice-convicted felons which lately excited
the sympathy of the Post and the Herald, indi-
cates a nature at least as depraved as that of Mr.'
FROST. * •

A young gentleman, called the Hon. G. P. S.
SMYTHE, has started for Canterbury on the Tory
interest. We read his speech the day before yes-
terday, but it seemed to us so utterly contemptible
as to be unworthy of notice. Our surprise was
considerable, therefore, yesterday, on seeing that a
Liberal Morning Contemporary had bestowed a
long comment on the wretched production. One
merit, indeed, Mr. SMYTHE has—he is admirably
adapted to the mental capacity of those he wooes.
He and the Tory electors who believed in mad
THOM, and the Rev. Members of the Chapter,
among whose followers were found THOM'S dis-
ciples, are worthy of each other. Canterbury is
the proper place for a gentleman of Mr. SMYTHE'S
principles and talents to offer himself on the Tory
interest ; but the Liberals of that city will save it,
we trust, from the disgrace of having such a repre-

Constantine by France. That her African con-
quests are a source of weakness rather than of
strength to France has long been our conviction,
but seeing that she will not abandon them—that
the Porte has never asked her to abandon them,
nor complained to the other Powers of their occu-
pation—we can discover no good and sufficient rea-
son why England should not prefer the certainty of
maintaining the peace of the world to the absence
of any title which the SULTAN can give to France
to a territory in the occupation of France, and
which never more than nominally recognised the
authority of his Highness' predecessors.

We readily admit that a no less consideration
than the certainty of maintaining the peace of
Europe, and eventually of the world, would induce
us to recommend our Government to take any part
whatever in this affair. The conquests of France
in Africa were made in violation of the faith of
treaties, and are maintained with an utter disregard
to the sacred rights of humanity. Razias, or
wholesale massacres of the entire inhabitants of vil-
lages, without distinction of age or sex, the burning
houses, and the carrying away of cattle, constitute
the sole means by which civilized Christian
France combats the disaffection of the African
tribes. The French war in Africa has hitherto
been a war of extermination. And what except a
tract of desolate barren territory has France gained
by it ? Why nothing. Instead of gaining she has
lost. Independently of the treasure wasted in im-
mense armaments, Africa has cost France in men
only during the last nine years an annual loss of
about twenty thousand of her choicest troops. Most
of these perished miserably of diseases brought on
by the insalubrity of the climate. Last year there
was little fighting, and yet the loss of men from the
attacks of the Arabs and disease amounted to seven-
teen thousand. To protect the valueless conquests
already made by France, the constant presence of
an army of eighty thousand men is necessary, and
this army must be maintained out of the taxes of
the French people. Perhaps the recognition of
the French conquest of Algiers by the Porte might
reconcile the Arab tribes to the presence of their
conquerors, and thus one direct advantage would
flow from British interference, independently of the
maintenance of European tranquillity.

The Paris Journals of Monday have all reached
us. They contain very little news of any interest.
The snow prevented the arrival of the mails from the
provinces, and in Paris little was talked of besides
the question of the fortifications. Upon this sub-
ject we find the following article in the Constitu-
tionnel

" We arc happy to be able to rectify what has been said
for the last few days—what we have ourselves said on the
difference existing between the Ministry and the Corn.
mitee, respecting the project of the fortification of Paris.
Every one has felt the deplorable gravity and disunion on
a question so decidedly national. On Saturday, through
a transaction, which both parties did right to accept, the
Ministry and Committee agreed on all poixts.
" The following are the bases of the transaction :—The
original project divided the works into two categories—
viz., the most essential and the secondary works. The
first category included the principal outer works
and only a portion of the wall of circumvallation.
The wall of circumvallation being a useful pro.
tection but inasmuch as it is complete, this dis-
tribution of works contained in the project of Govern-
ment gave rise to serious objection. It might he
supposed that by this condition the Government might
consider itself authorised to commence by the forts and to
adjoin the wall of circumvallation. The amended project
of the Committee rendered obligatory, on the contrary, a
simultaneous commencement and continuation of the works
The Ministry has consented to this modification. Another
important change has been made in the project of law. The
miniverial proposition was in a measure a financial pro-
position. The Committee made its project, a project an -
notmcing the works. The technical conditions relative to
the execution of the wall of circumvallation are in the
law, and the Ministry has adhered to the wording of the '
Committee.

" The Committee, on the other hand, has entered into
the Ministerial views relative to the length of execution.
The Cemmittee.had stipulated in its amended project that
all the works of the fortification were to be terminated
within three years. To diminish the annual burden of the
expenditure the, Ms'xiistry solicited a prolongation, and it
was decided that the whole should be terminated within
from four to five years. It is quite evident that, should
circumstances make the execution of the works more ur-
gent, the Ministry would easily be able to push it on more
briskly. The whole supply being voted, the Ministry
would have merely to change the grant either by a Bill,
or by a Royal ordinance, opening supplementary credits
for the year.
" We cannot but congratulate all those concerned in
this important deliberation for having made party or syste-
matic spirit yield to a common sentiment of patriotism.
This transaction is of too sacred a nature not to reunite the
immense majority of votes, and we may fully expect to see
this great work of national interest voted almost unani-
mously by the Chamber."
The French fleet in the Mediterranean is said to
consist of 22 sail of the line.

Among the strange rumours current in Paris on
Monday was one to the effect that the Great
Powers had resolved to erect Syria and Candia
into an independent Christian State, after the ex-
ample of Greece, and that the Kings of Naples
and Sardinia were in the field as candidates for the
Crown for younger branches of their respective
families. Of course, not the slightest credit is due
to a rumour so utterly absurd.

The Paris journals make a great noise of the dramatic
censorship having stopped the representation of a melo-
drama reflecting or ridiculing the Queen of England.
The Republican papers instantly declared that the prohi-
bition was in consequence of the interference of the
English Ambassador ; but the English Ambassador
neither knew nor cared what the authors or actors of the
Renaissance Theatre were concocting or rehearsing ; and
the official evening paper denies any interference on his
part. The momentary stopping of the piece is, however,
denounced as a monstrous piece of cowardice on the part
of the French Ministry. We suppose, then, that the
outcry of cowardice consists in insulting a female and a
Queen. French Mitenoss him come to this.

Several jouruais age.. _
been spread of an engagement supposed to have taken
plJce in the Red Sea, between a French and an English vet-
sal. According to the new version the French ship is no
longer represented as a Government vessel, but as a brig
belonging to merchants at Bordeaux. The Government
has received no infotmation, but that previously published
under the date of the 2d of November, and which seems
to be confirmed now by further accounts from Bombay,
which are to the 30th of November,
Count Refill, a retired Lieutenant-General, Great
Officer of the Legion of Honour, died to-day at the age
of 82 years.—Moniteur.
As soon as the law on the fortifications shall have been
discussed in the Chambers the Ministry intend to bring
forward the law on secret service money. The sum for
which a vote of credit will be asked will be one million.
Moniteur Parisien.

PARIS, JAN. 10.—The Gazette du Midi, among the
news brought by the Mentor steamer from Malta, says :
—" A report was current in Malta, on the departure of the
Mentor, that Ibrahim Pacha, far from obeying the orders
of his father to return to Egypt, had answered that Mehe-
met Ali might treat for Egypt if he thought fit, but that
he (Ibrahim) was Governor of Syria, and would not leave
it while he lived. He announced, it is added, that he was
going to march ag.inst St. Jean d'Acre, and that, winter
favouring him, he hoped cavity to get the better of the
English garrison, now that they were no longer supported
and supplied with provisions by the allied squadrons.
Le Commune.

MUNICH. JAN. 4. —To.morrovr or the next day Major.
General Von Bauer, accompanied by Captain Baron Von
Gumppenberg will go to Carltruhe to take part in ti►e
military conferences which are continued in that city. We
understand that Major-General Von Muller and Captain
Von Rosier, will attend on the part of Wurtemberg,.
The Minister of the Interior har confirmed the seques-
trat►on of the writings of Ludwig Borne, Third Ed►tion,
Third Part, published at Stuttgard by Broadhag.—Aues-
burg Gazette.

No news from Vienna or Constantinople.
BO UR SR.—Pants, MONDAY, JAN. 11.

French 5 per Cents 112 JO ... 112 25 "'
first _Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Pricy. Price
.
112 10 ... 112 10
43 per Cents .... lO2 50 ... 102 50 ... 102 SO ... 102 1.0
4 per Cents 09 ... 911 —9' —99
3 p-'0
er /.:c0t5..... 77 50 ..77 60 77 4'l
... 7740
3 :rl. 0: Prance
I.4,thtte 11..iiik I,ooof. Sh lO5O ...1.50 •••116° •••11/5°
Kylguin /Sank
3 per Cents 6j 10 ... 09 15 ... 69 10 ... 69 15
New Loan ......... .. ...... •••••• 98 •.. 98 ... 97A, ... 98

,yanisl) .leive 24% ... 24%', ... 24% ... 2.1 i ;
Passi To 57/R ... 5:Zi ... 5,„i ... 5%
N'eapf:,lit vo
Etonian 99% ... 99.4,s ... 29S ... 99}4
PAJLWAY SHARES.
St Germain
Verszille3.B. B 407 5u ... 412 50
... 4C7 50 ... 411 25
LB
orlcans .. 487 5) ... 487 50 ... 485 ... 487 50
s.,,,gbore,n Bak' 246 25 ... 246 25 ...:46 25 .. 246 25
hlulliausen to l'hann

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS

CITY, WEDNESDAY EVENING.
The advices received from Canada state that the
number of emigrants arrived out last year was 12,000,
many of them being persons of some pecuniary means,
A small body, which emigrated in one party, had, for
instance, no less than 60,0001. among them.
The navigation in Canada was entirely closed on the
14th ult., and a great quantity of merchandise, en
route, has been shut up by the frost.
There was a fair amount of bona fide business trans-
acted to day, and an improvement in Consols of per
cent. took place. Cole, the bank-broker, sold again,
and Messrs. Mortimer and Co. purchased, so that the
supply of and demand for Stock were pretty equal.
Consols closed steadily at 894 to g for motley and ac-
count. Exchequer Bills were I Is. to 9s. premium,
and the Reduced Three•and-a-Half per Cents. 981 to
There was nothing done in India or 'link Stock all day.
The Foreign securities were much the same as yes-
terday. Spanish Active Bonds brought 24 to ;
Portuguese, New, 32 to ; Mexican 281- ; Belgian
98, and Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 501 to -I.
The Share Market was not very active, but prices
were well supported.

(From The Sun of Last Night.)
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, TUESDAY—The demand
for Cotton continues to be extensive to-day. The sales
were 7,000 to 8,000 bags, of which about one-half have
been taken on speculation, at
,an advance on Friday's
quotations.
LIVERPOOL SNARE LIST, JAN. 12.—Eastern Counties
Debs., sk-; Great \Veatern, Hall' Shares, 62/ ; Ditto
Fifths, 104- log- ; Midland Counties, New Shares, 15i;
Bank, Royal Liverpool, 766.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, JANUARY 12.
We have had a dull Market, and prices are lowering. The
following are the sales of the day ._Manchester and
Leeds, 811; Ditto ,Halves, 301; Eastern Counties, 9;
Midland Counties Quarters, 15 ; Rochdale Canal, 84.

We have received Montreal papers to Dec. 15:—
N% a are sorry to hear that the differences between the
ship-builders and their workmen are not yet terminated.
We hear of agreements come to by the employers and
the employed, to persist on certain terms. These agree-
ments set them up as contending bodies, who are very
apt to carry their opposition too far, to the prejudice of
the common interest.

The north-east wind, which prevailed from the 6th inst.
till yesterday, has passed over without giving us any more
snow.

Exchange since our lint.--. Very little has been done in
Foreign ; prices, however, continue steady, with a pros-
pect of being well maintained. We quote Bills on Hol-
land, 401 401 per cent.
We have received Quebec papers to Dec. 12.
Toronto papers of the 3d are received. Everything
appears to be quiet in the Upper Provinces.

(From the Baltimore papers, received this morning.)
ANOTHER SEIZURE BY TIIE BRITIRII.—By the brig
Cypher, arrived yesterday, from the Coast of Africa, we
learn that another American vessel has been seized by
a British cruiser on the groundless suspicion of being en-
gaged in the slave-trade. These piratical manifestations
of the British cruizers seem to indicate an intention to
drive the American traders from the coast, and deserve
the immediate notice of our Government. Instances of
petty inso!ence on the part of John Bull's armed vessels
towards the Americans have ken frequent on that coast
Accounts from Vienna, of the Ist of January state,
that the Count Appony, son of the Ambassador, is to de-
part in a few days from Paris, charged on the part of
Pi ince Metternich, with a request to M. Guizot to reduce
the 500,000 men that the Cabinet of the 29th October
wished to maintain in a time of peace, and should M.
Guizot refuse to comply, the moment the fine weather
takes place, the project concerted between Austria and
Prussia, to form a hostile line of obsrvation on the fron-
tiers of France, will take place.

Consols opened this morning at the leaving off prices of
yesterday 891 I-, both for the Account and Money ; Re-
duced, 89i with little doing as yet. Exchequer Bilk,
9 11 prem.; Bank Stock, 1641 1651; India 5t0ck,;248250.
In the Foreign Market Spanish Active as they left off,
241 Deferred, 121 ; Passive, 61 ; Portuguese as
they closed, 31:1 321 ; Three per Cents., 191:201 ; Co.
lombian, 231 4 ; Mexican, 281 11; Brazilian, 701 711
Chilinn, 57 59 ; Dutch Two-and-a- Half per Cents. as they
closed, 501 1 ; Five per Cents. 931
SHARES.—Great Western, 27 28 prom. ; New, 12 13
prom. ; London and Brighton, 61- dis. ; Blackwall,
41 34 dis. ; Birmingham, 81 83 prem. ; Southampton,
57 58 per share ; Croydon, 121 4 per share ; Greenwich,
8 9 per share ; Manchester and Birmingham, 15 13 dis.
PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE.
RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share.
Great Western
Ditto New
Ditto Fifths
London and Brighton 5O ... 44% to
London and Greenwich.......... 20
London and Greenwich (New). 20
Ditto Scrip
London and South Western 3Bi 57%..... to 581
JOINT STOCK BANKS.

Colonial
Extract of a letter posted at the North and South Ame
rican Coffeehouse :

" New York, Dec. 19. 4 P.ll

" The steam boat has arrived from Boston. The
Acadia had not arrived yesterday at 4 p.m. This leaves
her out on a trip more than 14 days."
The British Market during the course of the morning
has been inactive, and without a feature worth observa-
tion. Money is comparatively easy, and the rates for dis-
count are according to the solidity of the persons who
require it. The dullness of the weather, with the scarcity
of Continental intelligence, tends ro damp speculating for
the present.

Consols cremain as in the early part of the morning, at
891 gfor the opening. Reduced has fluctuated from
89 a ; 'Exchequer Bill arc lower, 9 8 prem. ; Bank
Stock, nothing done; India Bonds, 6 8 discount.
The Foreign Market is also in the same dull state as
that of the British. Spanish Active, 241; Portuguese,
nothing done; Russian, 113 ; Colombian, 231 ; Dutch
Two•and-a-Half per Cents. 50/ s lower ; Five per
Cents, 981.
The Share Market also inactive. Great Western, 93 ;
Ditto, New, 62i ; Fifths, 104 ; London and Brighton,
491 ; London and Greenwich, 81 ; Ditto, New, 17 ; Ditto,
Scrip, 3:1-; London and South Western, 581.
CLOSING PRICES.
BRITISH FUNDS.
Bank Stock
3 per Cent. Red 893 Ditto Bonds
3 per Cent C0n5........ 89i Ditto Old Annuities —

34 per Cent Red..— .. 98i Ditto New Annuities... 874
New 34- per Cent .. ... 974 Ex. Bills, 1,000/....21d Bpm
New 5 per Cent ... ...... Ditto 500/ Bpm
Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small lO pm
Jan. 1860. l3 1-16 Bank Stock for Acct ...
Oct 1859 — India Stock for Acct ... -
Jan. 1860 ... 1:1 13-16 Consols for Opg . B9
FOREIGN FUNDS.
' A ustrian, 5 per cent... Portuguese, 5 per cent.
Belgian, 5 per cent 9B Ditto, New Ditto.....
Brazilian Bonds ... ..
_ _

. .
Buenos Ayres, 6 per cent 18i Russian, 5 per cent. ... 113
Chilian, 6 per cent
Colombian, 6 percent... Spanish, 5 per cent 24;
Ditto, 1824 2311 Ditto, Deferred .
Danish, 3 per e.unt. .... French,s per cent... —f. _c.
,Creek, 1825, spercent. Exchange ..
,11exican, 5 per cent.... 2811 French,3 per cent ...4. —e.
Ditto, 6 per cent, 1825. Dutch, 2i per cent 504
.?eruvian,lB2s,6 per ct. Ditto, 5 per cent.— ~ ott
SHARES.
Eastern Counties Railway (23 paid) ...... ... Pe
Ditto Debentures ( 2 paid) .. 54
Great Western Railway (65 paid) 93
Ditto New Shares (50 paid) ...... .. 631
Ditto Fifths ( 4 paid) lof
.. .. ...

London and Brighton Railway (50 paid)... 44
London and Greenwich Railway (20 paid)
Ditto New Shares (20paid) ......... 17
Ditto Scrip. ( 2 paid).,.
London and South Western Railway 584
South Eastern and Dover (28 paid )... 33}
COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—His Royal Highness
Prince Albert, and his Royal Highness Prince George
of Cambridge, went to Swinley this morning on a shoot-
ing excursion, attended by Lord Alfred Paget, Colonel
Bouvcrie, and Mr. G. E. Anson.
Sir James Clark left the Castle this morning.
Her Majesty and the Duchess of Kent have not
left the Castle to-day, but are both in perfect health, as
is the Princess Royal.
His Highness Prince Esterhszy, and Viscount Dun-
cannon, arc expected to arrive at the Castle this evex-
in.', on a visit to the Queen.
°Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. G. E. Anson will have the
honour of dining with the Royal party at the Castle
this evening.

The Duke of Cambridge went yesterday to Kensing-
ton Palace to visit the Duke of Sussex. His Royal
Highness also visited the Duchess of Gloucester at
Gloucester House.
Prince W. Quantamissah and Prince J. Ansah, ac-
companied by the Rev. T. Pyne, had an interview with
Lord John Russell yesterday at the Colonial-office.
The Marquis of Bute and the Earl of Galloway had
interviews with the Marquis of Normanby yesterday at
the Home-office.

Bishop Griffiths had an interview yesterday with Lord
John Russell at the Colonial-office. Captain Robert
K. Dawson, Royal Engineers, Archdeacon Hale, Cap-
tain Woollcombe, It. A., and Mr. Cunard, had also in-
terviews with his Lordship at the Colonial-office yes-
terday.

Lord and Lady Henry Kerr, Lord and Lady M.
Hill, Lady and the Misses Fitzwygram, have arrived
at Torquay from the Hill, the seat of Mr. and Lady
Frances Ley, Sir Lawrence, Lady, and Miss Palk,
have arrived at Torquay from Haldon House.

DEATII FROM COLD.—A report reached town
0(I Wednesday, that a murder had been committed near
Shettleston. Immediate inquiry was made by the autho-
rities, when it was ascertained that a ruin had been iound
on the road near that village dead; but on examination by
a surgeon, we understand the death appeared to have beck
caused by exposure to cold.—Scottish Uuardtan.