The Sun.
London, England, 1841-03-29 00:00:00

_II:VINING EDITION.

EASTERN INTELLIGENCE.
We have received by the Levant 'Mail a mass of intelligence
s sraseConstantinople, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Malta, which
Po,..isses more than usual interest.
baste
affairs of the East are still unsettled. Mehemet Ali
4 !sfused to accept the conditions offered by the Porte, and
,rii,etrte has not yet thounht proper to grant the desired
t147a1 anon'. It would appear, therefore, that this state of
cessions s ime anxiety at Alexandria, particularly as
1)4'7.1: net
.Ali is making military preparations at Cairo, and
betty his system of armament with more than usual ac-
,Y.
Otto VANTINOPLE, MARCH 3.—The state of parties in the
Vest, and
capital at the present crisis is a subject of deep
?tete` nd offers mush matter for serious consideration. The
tzuksat of are very far from being p 'pular, and the
r,uso,:t.i.firr:trheet,ilni enemies of reform are daily recruited through the
• ation to favour of individuals who, though partisans of
, have long smarted under the lash of the se-
te,;" , We have seen Tah ir Pacha called from his retreat, and
ll Pacha is about to emerge fi om the obscurity to
he was condemned by the council of Achem Adlie.
teetetald Pacha is allowed by his countrymen to possess emi-
t/spire bus, and to have rendered important services to the.
tOplac, I believe a great majority would willingly see him
ten ofeedsby a more orthodox Minister. Of the other 11.1inis-
tit re_ 'at Party, Achmet Fethe Pacha is generally disliked.;
probituat reason I am not able to explain, unless it be for his
Iltio,g',aml just, thougla it may be too stern, severity when
i
si,te.Bl.lsent is due. The Sultan himself is popular among all
The .
ttb..ek merits of the reform are at the present moment keenly.
tits, by classes, who all find themselves injured by it,
I/4,1' In their interest' or the it pride. To begin with the
still a powerful and influenti 1 body, they stigmatise
Lle qUarantine as an insult to the Deity, b, cause it lays the
at the
/seta, mot of their favaurite doctrine, and averts by human
dee,,,a calamity for which no other remedy was formerly
pea,e't necessary than resignation and the inter cesssion of their
kisses
to the holy prophet. They revile at the introduction. of
e: which are not to be found in the Koran, and which
ttlh four,equently beyond the sphere of their knowledge, and
tstitsed . those golden days when all Mussulman learning
Silt, In their bod—when a verse of the Koran, washed off
oiqter and drunk by the patient, was a panacea for all the
glossal true believer—when the utmost ambition of a learned
ths Korans to gain the respected title of Hafiz in learn-
by heart. In short, the Ulema are enemies to
I:hisare_s of improvement and the " march of intellect,"
trop, •;',°4'd deprive them of a large portion of their considera-
Ptis4-71ence, and bakshi.sh. The Pachas grumble at being de-
Y, si°l"l"i'silfsh, and are indignant at being confined to a scurvy
il"n, however vari,s from '2OO to 500 sterling per month.
ref'ol:rnle.iave decidedly gained in their social well-being by
llasaho b, but then, raya3 are raised to an equality with
oath,
of
,ans, and they repine alter the good old time, when the
lealast tt) hnnest Christians were as a feather in the scale
ILidshisitfe Word of a Mussulman vagabond, who received a
tam `r lying, The deplorable state of the finances, and
'seas, returns made by the Mohassul, have emboldened all
tt the,elpers to
the
tongue, and they are now all in full cry
441,1L5's of the reform. Corruption is too deeply rooted in
MiM "i‘
be cull r;vadeitcoa eradicated—an inordinate appetite for bah-
Thetif almost intyuiet Turk.
424 f,lteign Ministers appear earnestly to desire the
.continu-
Nli 'lee Present Administration, and support Rescind Pacha
ltat ed.i their influence which alone, perhaps, prevents his
R
er,,tte dismissal from office. None seem more hearty in
Wesenre th the nnisters of Russia and of Pru sia,
ttzted„'„ll alloccasions, with suspicious eagerness, as the only
Itte r an exhausted exchequer, the necessity of an imme-
nels-„" extensive reducion in the army and-fleet. I have
ta St."°tieed that Lord Ponsonby dissented from the Otto-
-4%4,
,Estersini in the measure proposed by him relative to the
to
te4th uit Egypt, and was in a minority at the conference of
skishili, 't when that measure was carried in the face of
.his
llocer °Pposition. '1 his is the first decided schism which
Iktion47ed,among the Allied Ministers here, since the Con-
-14°41°,' alsosirjlueitYs I have had the good fortune to procure a co-
deints , • , in French, of his Lordship's addre s on that oc-
'lPe a)),toe accuracy of which you may place entire.confi-
ate -"" of which I enclose to you the translation, without
continent.
he4:il'rdia disorders have arisen from the same causes, and it
tepre-,:°„'ind necessary to send two British ships of the line
Rhtaare them and resicire tranquillity. The foreign Minis-
eounselled th mmediate recall of th. se robbers,
Strote,ar'ssald, eradicate het evil and allay the fermentationit
Ott I:44;°fled among the mountaineers. Ibrahim Pachants
Plaint itsalf.serou.sly ill, beyond the hopes of recdoTekry.o.
Is
tt4Odropsy broursht on by excessive rin ifib, for
ingite several times undergone the os *ration of
11 410 i Lie was in the habit of drinking enormous quan-
ta and never rode out without having a bottler of
41latl°11srit,e liquor attached to his saddle bow. The Nile
Pt°4l.!i- 'll. waiting to convey him to Alexandria, but the
ILtY is that he will never reach that city alive. The
,lust "re crossed the desert into Egypt, where they arrived
;Iskes(lt dismal plight. Sickness prevails to a considerable
„tiraMg the British troops in Syria, and General nl-
- succeeded Sir Charles Smith in the command, has
Ad,.'etilla to the climate.
4, 7itai
Ist. to L Walker came up in the Cyclops, and returned next
ss'tesse-talnPsaca, where his ship the Mahmoudieh is lying.
:_tsb, "1 the fleet, 24 sail in all, are at Chesme and Tenedos.
are littlemore than half-manned, and a great pro-
tkies4 f the onl half clothed, horn which they
'ellerelY in a climate so Ymuch colder than that of Egypt.
deScPJECH OF LORD PONSONBY.
Ce to ance of Mehemet Ali and the appeal to the
ds t reinstate him prove fhat the Convention no longer
'4
r• it, ze Allies their conduct towards Mehemet Ali, who,
4:laff that Convention, has relinquished all his rights to
11-94, afterwards
which it contained. All that may be con-
Ned Swards to Mehemet Ali is the.result of the uncon-
tory 'al of the Allies. The Convention, then, is not ob-
trYs6„'l, the Allied Powers, who are at liberty to act on
s't as they may think propel. My instructions say,
o'ile...stipulatlons of the loth of July may be found the
8 ,Proiecting the population of Egypt, of guaranteeing
&c.,
)14404 4L,ta4 against a renewal ofhostilities,
:set depriving Mehemet Ali of the pachalic. This
iaDek\lrtY that Lord Palmerston considers the treaty as
dti source from whence may be drawn the means of
ZlAti, the object which he indicates ; but it is not a de-
-4Yd0140 .tal the art of Lord Palmerston, that the treaty
b_ r
considered as an imperative rule. If it were so,
case ? If the treaty
1;4,,t
twheedatorltuftroormolit ilnyha
particularwhy ought we to advise the Porte
14Itthil:.0%flieasiSre
.adopteed in this treaty at a time when af-
°kis 4TI a position very d fferent from the actual state of
' The treaty was a compromise with Mehemet Ali,
stipulations were conditional, and made with a view
,4,440'i1g Mehemet Ali to accept it. Mehemet Aalirdetenre-
bee refuse the treaty, and to try the chances of
(I,o,:iviltslietiie..../Iphoctsthonueareuseuorlfetdantarndhas unconditionally submittedw t.o his
I/O"' now then can the treaty oblige the Allied._ Powers
) to take measures laid down for
i'srs,enwellen that posture no longer exists?
islititli-.sthe treaty is not obligatory on the Allies, the counsel
s:ba_re now called upon to. give toe the Sublime Porte
based on the instructions have received from
r;litis-'!, and we ought riot to advise the Porte to adopt
11, t° de", 'rreconcilable and contradictory, or of such a nature
siAls„4,l°.Y the effect of almost every other measure which
11: 1,1; oess ordered to recommend.
isto.n tie° lastrnetions I have received from LOrd Palmerston,
ol-
Isees ' }lass, been communicated in extenso to ms, L
Vssif;44llttl the Ottoman Minister of Foreign Affairs. They
,t4tist sale the resnduct I am to follow. They say that
Vaelit t ue taken to mate such arrange. ments as will be
ti,ttasieri° protect the population of Egypt from m the tyrannical
which has weigh-lea upon them oi some 'ears past,
ere the Sultan acssanst a renewal of 3t.hose
ke,Allie-tich forced him to hare recourse to the assistance of
Ss;to Lord Palmerston says Chat these arrangements
that fu Lord
in the Treaty of the 15th of July. The Treaty.
tiske all the laws of the empire must be opplied to. Egypt,n
Vit'tot antler as the are applied to every province of the
~,'sthetile Sultan; ant! Lord Palmerston proceeds to partichu-
tltt;ssOPPlication of the principle laid down, relative to t, e
01.5eter of the land and sea forces of the empir.en,
the legislative authority of the Sultant
nature,i
the
lsit,rotiesa-,i'' of other objects of the most important
Ves ,T,es in these words The treaty specifies tha.,
tts_ th Rill be levied in Egypt,` but . those imposed by law ;
ts:l,tte, 5 cure the people against unjust exactions; and the
St`ies 1;4 the convention of 1838, in terms of which all mo-
glitids'''tYs',:,!titd be abolished, will free at once the industry a
letliti-4 People from those oppressive restrictions which
th`qii ' subje ted them to th most abject poverty,
111.141-,1)% Qa". depreived of culture
.e. large tracts of land
b4t cultivation and productise. a2pears to her
"I'vesn.ment that by similar measures security may
l'iltisti• riettwfor the future, both for th e Sultan and for his
(Irtl's'e°lt ase'''slects against the disposition of Mehemet. Ali
t Sovereign, and to oppress. the inhabitants
• ' t f -4(4-'s which may be confided to his government.
b.r la, ts-ttadarre t tp .1- le of Lord Palmerston's instruc•
l'h„)eopre Proiecutiaon-olfut<hep'Sultan against rebellion, and of
against oppression, and especially against exaetions.
thse 7%tstZles which, I understand, the Ottoman Minister
tor the future government of Egypt appear to
`I% 'llstr'irrieetly conformable to the principles laid down in
kis, sad iltions of Lord Palmerston, with one single excep-
-11;14 -":1 is the measure relative to the tribute, and the
1'1,44 ca is
upon it to Mehemet Ali of. the right. to
ttitCs resells., of Egypt, which will be at his dispos.tion
of-t-heciamilitary, and naval establishments
.44
11,itice
At„ite 1 ,Tea Sure is in contradiction with the declaration that
%1..: the empire will be in vigour in Egypt ; for the
Ltstg4:t, acn-mpire ist the Pachas shall not collect the red
"'ere ,„`" It is truae the Sultan, if it should be In! goo
stse'stiao'.'aY revoke this law, and thus put an end to this con-
the,,,ut. I am not authorised to recommend such a mea-
4ke which, were it executed, would, I believe
S:'11,0 to a series of increasing difficulties to the Sultan,
Pty to the destruction of the ameliorations already
4 kis°llgl7t's by which the future welfare of the Ottoman
`.° be assured. Why not revoke the hatti-scheriff
foill'isciPle' of Lord Palmerston's instructions, is pro
rotket Sultan and for the people of Egypt against
Nikehe 1* The success of the Sultan's arms has torn
ts4eAseateraket Ali the power of the sword, a power. t at e
iris;l3r abusinss the revenues of Egypt, which were
;141se,'tic ands—a6d it is proposed to return. them into
trevennues Egypt have been raised. to an
"ttstsll4l;ll_4a9ugh the exactiffnsmoefn,Mehemet Alt ; and
to whom taxes and
litlizste
obsolnte
h bmwand what is absolutely necessary
texisterucet mg,
. inflict what punishment . he
°Stlrlisf°.re.e. payment,le can
even when payment is irn-
to`gptlai,s Master of the peisons as well as the property of
t',P Can this be conformable to the instructions
,
llt\liitsaisii'lPiraPnrst" which say, that above all the proper
People must be protected ? It is proposed
t,‘'li• Pilr eoftroops to be maintained in Egypt.
t?Ils is!tal i„.‘l'e a seduction in the expenses of Mehemet
,17t,,t-4tt k report made be a man of accurate obsers a-
"r‘101 ""e Year 1833 the revenues of Egypt amounted to
- Ind the expenditure to 49,951.,500f. The sur-
-I..lleirPnasuch a state of the finances, will leave in the
*4 't "estet, a sum which will render him richer, in
iitkletZoik'h _z,or Isis personal purposes, than almost any
ide-ation the
11, rsl tt°, diff "`r°Pe.
betweenihout taking nit°
01,4 s, b"ence the value of money an Egypt, and
• -111 maintaininn-
l;:lsy ohd a e. But when the "en' s i's -e ues
renJcl fleet are reduced, the surplus of t.i,,res.
a,
he
s;las;re e., considerably increased. Morey is
t
istios'as of re'ially in these countries. It is the instrumen
f 55,4 Mei2esnet Ali has r iised himself to an eleh
I,ttlserot'di,pi‘Th9nce it has cost so much pains andso much
faits4ll4e hire, Mon,7 is now the only arm withtow
fit call injure the o;ultan, and it
.is proposed ro-
PrO bee
abundant] ; and to furnish him. with pthe
tc, siangerous to Sultan, by extorting
iher'Yoe-,o,l,lllnate people of Es'ypt, whom WO
o
tertikkeaSed, reach of exaction! if the. amounwtiongfstet.mnioridoloinuleottes
tore 4,7„eXasti:ehernet Alt will only receive a.ne t.l
'sato ns'asione the people, if it be possible, either by'
ftf!,,eptik:tlii4s,..tgitpi."l an additional subject
Is it possible to obviate these .
things by a
of malediction will
a^g with Iltof taxes in Egypt? How can that be. done
tif't torkt loyal °a. concurrence of Mehemet Ali, and with his
klAk be e asistance the execution of the measure ? Is
lteihrlel):7oteA(l,? The absolute control ove". the revenues
" aed lehemet Ali the full and entire distribution,
%tau: and fo punishments. It renders him master o, the
Irkitleet into e.g of all. How can the laws of the empire
L'lypt, otherwise than with his permission

and assistance. How can the hatti-scheriff of Gulhane be im-
posed upon a man who pays every body, from the judge to the
lowest officer of police, and who can, at his will, ruin the pecu-
niary resources of every man, and allow Li:n to exist or to
prosper?
" The treaties between the Porte and other Powers may be
forcibly put into execution, through the fear of Mehemet Ali
for foreign nations ; but the Sublime Porte will not have the
power to exact their observance through the employment of its
own means. How will an end be put to the monopolies in
Egypt? Ought they to be perpetuated through fraud? All
this is only a portion of the consequences which will arise from
the act of leaving in the hands of Mehemet Ali this power,
which of necessity will belong to him if it be left to him to col-
lect and distribute the revenues of Egypt, which will be the
case if the Sublime Porte adopt the measure of taking a tri •
bute from Mehemet Ali in the manner proposed. It seems to
me that this is a measure opposed to the declared aim and ob-
ject of my Government, as they are laid down in the instruc-
tion of Lord Palmerston, No. 270. It appears to me that the mea-
sure is not required by the Convention of the 15th July ; that it
is at present neither necessary nor judicious for the arrangement
of tl.e affairs of this country ; that it will confirm and perpetu-
ate the misery of the population of Egypt (being a perma-
nent arrangement)'; that it will hurt the morality of Europe ;
and that it is in direct contradict ion with the benevolent desires
of the British Government, such as they are developed in the
instructions of Lord Palmerston. I have, therefore, made this
declaration of my opinions, and I refuse to give my approba-
tion to the measure in question, or to offer my counsel to the
Porte that this measure should be adopted. lam afraid that
my colleagues may differ in opinion with me, but they have
already had under consideration my instructions from Lord
Palmerston, which have been so often referred to. It is pos-
sible that they may be more capable than myself to give them
their true interpretation ; as for me I can only understand
them in the manner I have just explained. It belongs to
others, not to me, to decide and to take such a part as they
will judge the best. Those to whom I have just addressed my-
self are able to judge as well as myself what is the opinion of
the British Government. My opinion is of little importance,
excepting for myself alone; but I have to answer to my
country, and justify my acts. The world will know all that we
do and say."
CONSTANTINOPLE, MARCH 7.—The Cyclops sailed on the
4th for the Bay of Marmorizza, with despatches from Lord
Ponsonby to Admiral. Ommanney, and from thence she will
proceed to Malta.
On Friday, the sth, the Peki Shef ket arrived from Alex-
andria. Mehemet Ali received the firman of the Sultan with
all imaginable respect, and with many professions of humility
and submission ; but on analysing the conditions therein
prescribed for the regulation of his government in Egypt,
he objected to some of them as tending to sow dissension in
the country, and to deprive him of the influence which is
necessary to make his authority respected.
The Tahiri Bahiri arrived on the sth from Acre, with Hus-
sein Pacha on hoard. Major Napier, the brother of Commo-
dore Napier, is said to be upon the point of leading to the hy-
meneal altar a Syrian lady, the daughter of the Emir of the
Druses.

Colonel Hodges has been appointed Consul- General at Ham-
burgh; and it is said that Mr. Wood, who acted with so much
zeal and ability in Syria, will be named Consul-General of that
province.

ALEXANDRIA, MARCH 6.—The French steamer, which ar-
rived here on the 26th ult., only goes to sea to-morrow, the
French Administration having decided to run their steamers to
this port only twice a month, at least for some time, until all
of them have undergone thorough repairs, of which they stand
very much in need.
Commodore Napier finding his services here no longer ne-
cessary, left in the Stromboli on the Ist instant, to join the
Powerful at Marmorice; and the Pacha, on the day previous,
started for Cairo, to see Ibrahim, who arrived there on the
22d ult., and who has taken up his residence at Rhoda Is-
land; he is said to be in a very bad state of health by some,
but this report is contradicted by others, and from what may
be considered good authority. I understand he was very un-
well when at Gaza, and was then attended by the surgeon of
the Benbow, but he is now almost quite recovered.
By last news from Cairo, we learn that all sorts of warlike
preparations were going on there, and that the greatest ac-
tivity prevailed in every department, which shows that the
Pacha does not consider things in such good train as was gene-
rally supposed ; in fact, after a long interview with Ibrahim,
he called a divan of all the most influential persons about him,
and it is said gave them to understand that affairs were far
from being permanently settled, and that they must be pre-
pared to act in his defence in case of further hostile demonstra-
tions on the part of the Porte. The powder magazine is kept.
at work day and night, and a commis,ariat is being formed.
The troops have been paid par: of their arrears, and every
means is being taken to content the army, which is now in ex-
cellent condition. So, after all the victories of the Allies in
Syria, perhaps we are still as far from peace as ever.
The Pacha was so irritated at the conditions attaching to the
acceptance of the firman, that, previous to Commodore Napier's
departure, he wished to recal the order f, .r the release of the
Syrians in the Egyptian service, but after several warm dis-
cussions and some correspondence on the point the Commo-
dore at last succeeded in overruling the Pacha, and in showing
him the folly and inutility of such a measure.
Licut.-Coloriel Napier is still here waiting the return of
the Pacha from Cairo (who is to leave on the 7th), to make
arrangements for the transport of the Si ian hostages to
their native country. Although it was at first intended to
send them overland, they have been brought down here, and
most probably one of the Pacha's steamers will now take them
to Beyrout. There were originally eight Emirs (Chris-
tians), four Sheiks of the Druses, ten Christian proprietors,
with thirty-five servants and other followers, but of these one
Emir and six followers have died in exile.

The free trade is now in force in so far as regards comesti-
bles, which are now only subject to a duty of 12 per cent., but
on the return of the Pacha it is said that cotton will be allowed
to be exported on similar tetms.
The holy cities are said to have fallen into the hands of the
Asseir Arabs, amongst whom a fanatic, calling himself a
prophet, has arisen, and has managed to make many converts
to his doctrines.

ALEXANDRIA.
FIRM AN SENT TO MEHEMET ALI.

We find in the Austrian Observer the following text of the
firman from the Sultau to Mehemet Ali, granting him the life
government of Nubia and other southern provinces:—

TO MY VIZIER 'MEHEMET ALI PA CITA, GOVERNOR OF EGYPT,
UPON WHOM HAS LATELY BEEN NEWLY CONFERRED TILE
GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCES OF NUBIA, DARFOUR,
KORDOFAN, AND SENAAR.

" According to the purport of another imperial firman, I
have confirmed you in the government of Egypt with here-
ditary right, and, with some conditions and certain further
limits, I have granted to you, without hereditary right, the
government of the provinces of Nubia, Darfour, Kordofan,
and Senaar, with all their dependencies--that is to say,
with all that is attached to them out of the limits of Egypt.
Guided by the experience and wisdom which distinguish you,
you will apply yourself to the government and organization of
these provinces, according to my equitable views, and to
provide for the welfare of the inhabitants. You will every
year transmit to my Sublime Porte an exact account of all
the annual revenue. From time to time the villages of these
provinces arc attacked by troops, and the young persons,
male ,and female, who are captured, remain in the hands of the
soldiers in lieu of pay. Not only does this proceeding ruin
and depopulate the country, but such a state of things is
contrary to our holy law and to equity. This abuse, and the
no less fatal abuse of mutilating men for the guard of the
harem being highly disapproved of by my equitable will, and
in complete opposition to the principles of justice and huma-
nity proclaimed since my accessien to the throne, you will
apply yourself with care to the adoption of the means which
may be necessary to prevent and repress for the future such
culpable acts. You will announce, that with the exception of
some known individuals who went to Egypt with my Imperial
fleet, I have pardoned, without distinction, all the officers,
soldiers, and other persons employed who are now there.
Although according to my other firman the' nomination of
your officers above the rank of Adjutant is to be submitted to
my decision, those who are now serving wig be confirmed in
their posts, but you will send to my Sublime Porte a list cf
these officers, in order that the firmans of confirmation may be
forwarded to them. Such is my sovereign will, and to which
you Rill hasten to conform.—Dated the 21 Zelhedji, 1256
(13th February,llBll)."
The above firman was accompanied by the following letter
of the same date from the Grand Vizier:—

" His Highness the Sultan, satisfied with Jour eagerness to
offer to him effectual proofs of your submission and your des're
to fulfil the duties of obedience, has confirmed you in the go-
vernment of Egypt, with hereditary right. A hatti-scheriff,
containing some conditions on this supject, a vizier's decora-
tion, and a cup enriched with jewels, are sent to you by his Ex-
cellency the Minister of Justice, Said Muhib Effendi, on the
part of his Highness. Your wisdom and prudence will never
permit you to forget the line of submission and fidelity which are
a source of happiness in the two worlds. The Sublime Porte
has entire confidence in you, and the insertion of the clauses
in question does not proceed from any concealed views to-
wards your Excellency. As so signal a favour as the pre-
rogative of hereditary right must necessarily le subjected
to certain conditions, the Sultan has only inserted these clauses
for the purpose of preventing all contestation which might arise
in an unknown and uncertain future, and in order to secure
the welfare of the inhabitants of Egypt. There no longer re-
mains any motive of distrust on the I art of the Sublime Porte,
or of uneasiness on the part of your Excellency, either as to
yourself or your family. Thanks to God the difference which
so long existed has entirely ceased. Ido not doubt that your
Excellency, in your wisdom, will appreciate the full value of the
benefits of the Sultan, and endeavour to show your gratitude
for them. If it should please God we will in future form only
one body, nothing will divide us, and we will labour under the
auspices of his Highness to serve religion, the State, and the
nation ; in common with all the Ministers of the Sublime Porte
I feel deep pleasure in this consideration."