The Sun.
London, England, 1823-02-13 00:00:00

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF SHANCERY, WEDNESDAY, FED. 12.
GOVERNMENT OF PERU.

Mr. HEALD moved that the appearance which had been,,
entered. last Saturday, by a Solicitor uf the Court, on halal'
of the Ministers Plenipotentiary of the Government of Peru,
might be set aside, the same haying been entered into inad-
vertently, without the regular authonty of those Ministers Ple
nilmtentlarY• This he moved on the affidavit of Mr. Coles
who is a partner in the house of Aniory and Coles, in the city
of London, solicitors of eminence, which 'stated that the de-
ponent being in court on Saturday, when his Lordship
granted an injunction on an ex-parte application against the
Idefendant, together with certain merchants of the city of Lon-
don, who were regular clients of the deponent and his partner,
he went and entered an appearance for them all, imagining
that the Ministers Plenipotentiary of the Government of Peru
would appear together with his regular clients ; but it now
turned out that, as these Ministers Plenipotentiary were acting.
in their public capacity, they could not sanction any thing that
was not in strict conformity to the most rigid tiractice, because
they would have to justify themselves to their Government at
home, upon the most punctilious forms.
The Loan Cridixcut.t.mt.—Vou must, at all events, alter
your affidavit, Mr. Heald, because I cannot sit to hear it stated
here, that an application Is made on behalf of the Ministers of
the Government of Peru. I know of no Government, until the
Government of this country acknowledges it as such.
Mr. HEALD said, that the affidavit should be altered accord-
ing to his Lordship's suggestion ; and, that done; he hoped he
might be allowed to move it again ; to which the Lord Chan-
cellor assented.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH', FEB. 12.
RULE OF COURT.
The fello4;lng new, rule of Court was read by the officer
"That no person shall be appointed a Commissioner to take
affidavits in th© Court who practices as a conveyancer, unless
and that no appointment shall in future
Itlt:itbee aplttire an attorney;witltotttaaffitiavit that the party not
as a conveyancer, or if he it a conveyancer, that he is also an
attorney, and has taken out his certificate for the current year."
GAMBLING. practising

THE KIM; V. ROGIER3 AND OTHERS.
The defendants, Charley Edward Rogiers, Richard Bennett,
Humphreys, Thomas Carlos, and Frederick Oldfield,
were brought up to receive the judgment of the Court, having
been convicted, on the prosecution ofd Mr. John Woodroffe, Stu-
dent of the Inner TeMple, Of keeping common gaming-houses
in Pall-mall and St. James`s-street.
The case of Rogiers and Humphrey was heard yesterday.—
Affidavits were ruitalmt in on behalf of the other defendants in
mitigation of punishment, urging that each had a large family,
and were in an infirm state of health.
Alr. Cu nwooD and Air. E. LAWES addressed the Court in
mitigation of punishment; and AIL C. Put ',Lin, With tonal.
derable effect, in agjgrevation.
The COURT deliberated upon the case of each defendant for
a considerable time, and

Mr. Justice BAYLEY then Proceeded to pass sentence. His
Lordship commented upon the tendency of the offence of which
tbe'defendants had been convicted. The Court, under all the
circumstances of the cue, sentenced the defendants as follows;
ltogiers to pay n fine to the King of NOM, and to be imprison.
ed In Cold Bath-fields House of Correction for twelve months;
Ilutnpliry to pay a fine of 2001., and to be imprisoned in the
same place for two years; Oldfieid to pay a fine of 10001„ and
be imprisoned in the King's Bench Prison ; Bennett to pay
fine of 10001., and to n be imprisoned in the same plaee ; and
Carlos to pay a fine of Wt., and to be imprisoned in Cold math.
fields for eighteen calendar months. After the sentence was
pronounced, the Learned Judge observed, that the Court had
not made hard labour a part of the putlisitu?ets to which the
defendants were liable under the late Act of robunent, ipas.
much as the offence hid been committed before the Act bad pass.
the Royal assent. Thi Act was to take effect front the 22d of
A ugust last, and though the conviction was subsequent to that
date, yet, as the offence was
.prior, the Court was not disposed
to enforce the powers given by the Legislature ; but the Court
wisited it to ,be publicy known, that offenders of this descrip-
den were liable to the punishment of hard labour, which in fit
and proper cases would most certainly be enforced.
The defendants bowed, and were removd to prison.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, Frß. 12.
ifoLnnia v. ii' PLIC AND OTHERS.

This was an actignof trespass brought against the defendants
in their characters of CoMmissioners of Bankrupts for having
committed to prison the plaintiff, because, 'under the commis-
sion, be had refused to answer questions to their satisfaction.
The verdict had passed against the plaintiff': and the defendants'
Costs having been taxed; the plaintiff' wastaken In execution in
satisfactiortof thole costs.
Mr. Serjeant PELL MI R former occasion obtained a Rule to
thew cause why the -plaintiff should not be discharged out of
custody, on the ground that the COMA had beeri incurred before
the plaintiff obtained his certificate, which had discharged:his
liability to all debts previously due; and that those costs must
be considered as a debt, and were therefore discharged by the
certitiotte.

Mr serjeSilt VAUGHAN was about to stew cause; but the
Court wore o,opinion, that the circumstances of,the case were
in favour if the aliplicatfon, and made the rule absolute.
. • .•
asommipmmoswamosswiamass

•
IPSWICH, FED. I.o.—The !ion. and Rev. F.
Ilothatn, Rector of Dennington, with his accustomed libe-
rality, on the 13111 ult. cited '4 chaldrons of coals tnhe distri.
buted to the poor,- and. iir the following week three chaldrorts
more. Durlng the 'severity of the season, Mr. Edward
:Cook, of the same place,ave to ' the poor twenty pairs of
blankets ;'.thin ,last fienileman gave the same nuMber
last year. Mre..Welham, of ,Dennington-hall, according to
:her annual custom, caused a quantity, of potatoes to
,be distribited to thepoer'of the same ;place.—On Saturday
;week, the iierily 'elected honorary Freemen in the Indepen-
dent 4
.Interest_ eve dinner to their 'friends in . the- Town
Malt
; J e etties 1- ihinahl, Etii• in the chair, who, on ins 1101111
being driiiil dt w.iong ioeech in the cause of Reforth and
rit
,the greatlekteatewhiahlattsCrtsult from it.' ne witiftd„ed
by several orators upon the same Willy,. • . . : . '

ON ACARTULTURAL DISTRESS.

LETTER HI.
" Produce more grievous complaints
" For plenty than before for wants,
" And make a ticit and fruitful year,
" A greater grievance than a dear ;"
BUTLERS Satires.
TO C. C. WESTERN, ESQ. M.P.

Sitt—ln a former Letter on the Agricultural
Distress of the country, in order to suit the pre-
vailing habits of newspaper discussions, I com-
pressed the very extensive objects I had to offer
.
to your notice so much, that some observations of
considerable importance were necessarily omit-
ted I will, therefore, now take the liberty to
request your indulgence whilst I enlarge on those
subjects, which in my rapid flight I then offered
to your notice.

When the advocates for the redress of 44 agri-
cultural grievances" and the relief of their dis-
tresses unite the cause of landlord and tenant in
the same petition of complaint, they confound two
interests, which are in all essential points direct-
ly opposite to each other. The apparently liberal
maxim of " live and let live," has, in my opinion,
no foundation to stand upon. If applicable with
few exceptions, to the general communion be-
tween landlord and tenant in former times, it can
have no affinity at present. The truth is, that
the parties now on both sides, by means of their
agents, for they are seldom personally known to
each other, make the best bargain they severally
can ; but this difference is observable between
them,—the farmer must necessarily have the first
pickings out of the profits ; and the landlord, as
a general maxim, must suspend his claim until
his tenant has received that portion which will
induce him to
.proceed in his business. Even if
the tenant has made a bad bargain in his lease,
and the landlord refuses to relieve him, the te-
nant may be ruined, but what does the landlord
gain ?—will the next tenant make it better for
the landlord I—will not such conduct in the land-
lord consequently rather force him down .a step
lower than his neighbours who'act more libe-
rally I—is there one landlord in the Kingdom
who is not, if the times require reduction, sub-
ject to this state of things ;—yes--speaking of
an extreme case, evert to the state of no rent
whatever.

I therefore, Sir, assert without fear of refuta-
tion, that the landlord and tenant have separate
interests; and that be the prices of agricultural
`produce what they may, the tenant must, in pre-
ference to his landlord, have profit nough from
the land he cultliates, to pay his expellees ; and
also a sufficiency, of interest on the amount of his
capital which Shall induce him to cnitivate his
farm properly. When the landlords therefore
complain of agricultural distress, they in fact, do
no more than represent what we all natu-
rally expect, that they sustain a reduction of in•
come to which they are unwilling to submit;
but which •from the monstrous advance of rents
during the last 10 years they now can very well
afford; and which is nothing more than is en-
dured in a greater or a less degree by almost
every individual in the kingdom. All this, so
Obvious to a person of common reflection, is
placreed.Tvltei in pa
:dsightrariltilin)eit :-theubilic nle
netingese,trainlgds ;ua
degreeare
principally composed of landlords and of a few
tenants, ignorant and under influence, brought
together in order to make up a prejudiced mass
that vociferates against discussion, and then forces
lying -resolutions by acclamation, to the expul.
Sion of 'all truth, experience and common' .sente.
When these petitions enter, the doors of Parlia.
meet, they undergo a decent discussion in both
Hotises. Happily in the House Of Lords that
state of 'respectability, was never known to fail.
In the House of commons,.that state of borough
influence
.of which the petitioners so loudly corn.
plain, comes in 'to save the county:--cif that re,
form in Parliament, as it is now termed, were to
take place, and the borough influence trans.
ferred in any degree into the landed scale,,'
we should 'soon experience a very different
state' of things :--we should in Parliament as
we ,now do out, probably see landed pe-
titions , and •many others connected with-
landed prejudices -there also carried by accia-
mation ; the trade. and: honour of the country,
until conviction from experience, by some authors
termed " the wisdom qf fools," displayed the sad
effects, would vanish. from .the lard; and, in the
end, the influence of the very landlords them.
selves must be.exerted, as it was on the death
of Oliver Cromwell, to restore, at a disadvan-
tage, the general prosperity of the nation, which
the .landlord.petitioners now, from wilful blind-
ness, cannot see.
The landlords complain that their poor tenants
cannot procUre such prices as they were wont to
receive some years ago, and these landlords, on
all such complaints, are regularly referred, but
in vain,",to a very obvhaus remedy—that of lower.:
ing their rents ;—.and they Ore, At the same time,
is!(3d people
more;:futlyit)eiri
at
htpi
out
the late`
toi
cdciooaumltclesenu,
unusual
fertility sftuei the
tral
,told, that low prices it present are beyond ic
s
market remedy,
th4aVrciautisieertehearere
atf
ility, Iya t
orrtfil
ti s
ust cspeonactsceoasiss)is:t;
very strong,
doubts, when applied in its effects upon 'the
riaLartkteht:
thforeret,nyi obewitilei,vbebliervations convince me
may say the five lest
averageseasoii
crople
opfr9dgouocdch nothingdwho sornme 0.
greratibti7
wai
tfhi iar
large quantity more or less damaged, but riot
fit for bread.

But we may venture to ascribe the superahund-
Race to other cause.; not easily removvd, and
which will produce the same eteat of low price)
even in a season avowedly short,—l mean the
prodigious increase of new kuldp ; and the.supe-
rior skawith which almost all lands are nose cal.
tivated to what they were thirtil years ago.—ln
showing this to he the ea.se, I heg to observe that
the,se are the gratuitous 404 of the land lordA sod
agriculturists thernselv,es. 'The inclourei hilts of
the late reign, (61 years, averaging about 57ft. an
nuallY) wfre,3lsoo; it we-overate thorecres otify"

at 300 to each-bill, and give to each acre of of
half that sum as tillage land, ten bushels of grid
the produce will amount to 51 millions of bushel
The County of Wilts,, a medium county
„extent, is estimated to contain 878,000 acres,.
say only 800,000 ; take half for tillage; 52 cm
tics will give more than 90 millions of acres
tillage ;—if the efforts of the agricultural social
throughout England and Wales have-been wori
any thing, we Cannot estimate the increase of ski
.at an
*average of less than five buihels to eat
,acre. Here we have an aggregate sum that art
abundantly feed the increased population arisiu
since the year 1792, and leave a surplus to au
countfor a. superabundance of market producl
and consequently, low prices. The lotla
moiety assigned, as we have supposed; t° Pal
tore, will equally apply to the cause of the lc'
price of stock.
But even price itself has not yet been fain'
ascertained to the satisfaction of 'the retlectio.
and calculating part of the public. For iastau°
if we adopt the Gazette returns, which ought t
be the most accurate documents, because thqg
designed to guide the deliberations of .Parlla
merit ; still these are not sufficiently accurate I.f
the purpose ; because they are an average a I"
whole Grain .adMitted for sale in the severs
Markets pointed out by the Act ; but the Baker
will never become the purchasers of any Fl'it,
which ‘rev:ii.erlsitnnoot}fltimligiaelakynetd palatable bread. Al'il°'
I
Tevleteryhay
season as to quantity,a;arfrieBovr2edd4
prime grain, and was, in fact, as it regarded. I 1
pncti
consumption to the Public, a year of high
The following Table will show the " AlYCli
Prices of Wheat in England and Wal""u"—
ts2l 01'
cc
1814 to Oct. -- ...) ~,
seven years, from Oct.
4f culated from the Gazette Weekly lteturliq
per Quarter of 8 Winchester Bushels :---g 6
One year to Oci. 28, 1815' ":13 - 1
- - 312 4,
26, 11116 - $ '
• 4 17
25 1817 - - 44 li
24, 1818 - - 15 0
W, 1819 - - - 3N 33
28, 1820 - - - 11 I/
-------" 27, 1801 - -
. ty,
Average of the above 7 yearS ' - * ,a3i:4 6°l
SVt°hriyuegslbSrtPglirenaniinri grain.—
The
from which it appears that the averab-, -f and
seven years (and that of 1821 among 0°11)1 is
il)valvtieclbteeevie) ray
yfaearnrieartoffaoihr saevrevraatgioet)l,k a 0 w s not
31. 14s. , We will therefore, now amosateunr P',.
eutleavl to
shew what our farming predecessors receive,'
The petitioning landlords on lookinglnt° hid'
libraries will perhaps discover two voluillrs gior
to the Majority of students in politico' ef°.,,luers,
are of some authority, though to these retlti7 but
perhaps, of not quite so much imPnrlaoce;.
and
as the article happens to he a matter off
.; as an
not of opinion, they Will please to ret'eive,l'a,„ oi
authentic document. in the first “liusroe,
Adam Smith on the Wealth of V.ati°,9l,s' noir
fboelrl
oowf
itnlgte ttlitittei3Oud
pwriliclebse
offound
tile
where about page 398, according Int. e"'itf, 11)8
"4 Bushels of the best or highest Pile AetiAl chsel#
:, at NVindsor market, on Lady-clay 411'A --,,,-1 i tilt
" alas, from 1505 to 1704, both biclost‘-'lo,en
, price of each year being tho mediWil bef,fg.v
the lighest prices of kbose two market ''''loe.
—Of this table I hove formed the fol180"'
mar)! :
From To. Year:,
Pr°. 9 13113
1,596 1620 26 .1.:2. I. 6- .
1621 1636 16 2 10 0
1637 1700 64 2 11
1701 1730 30 23 11 ith
1731 1740 10 11/ Slhi
11$ ,I 9 4. .
. 1741 1760 10
2•3 4
e
1751 1760 10 119 'i'l 415
uflitaita)rjerwo\‘fritilin:
1761
peirtieisume Dr. Smith
1764 4 0 6 19-3'
1701 1764 64 2
-mnlaolrre4.,
1665 1764 . 170 g 4 3i
t 10 °S
theq u
.Il r t e r
o f quarterthtehti;estehnet cdoanly':;,,,beeiritbgrobryei
he found it,-that is calculated t° °linegoilish
the average
f3oird.souisfclti
li.h the i whol
Ds.ei d o.—e raise
0:0107ftiil-eaniti :
ay.r4eds.uction hi Price of one ninth, illsicr'st,
as 170; formed Itas inserted his •aboshel
This table being taken from a vary 3,11 veo
cord ;
a long series of Unbrnioll( 0,/,4
wheat," And therefore not liable to anYea 0
or doubt whatever, must be conside, sre
forms the difference
truly valuable :—and when the varinu'roliP
_rages of no less than ten periods of v
seolor
" of the best and weigid`` I c,ivit
fere it lengths, and they yet agreeing oatiet
ly in result, that 17s. only 'in the ',Areal°
o price in 170 years, every impartial POO
must feel impressed that the late liric4esenJil
above in the table for the seven Yei',r,, net
with 1821, have been such as to leave `"-st. fo,.
between the two eP erg°
culturista no cause of complaint-for Owl:1-1410f
the year 1821, as above stated is 9s. iverBe/'
than the highest of the above Windsor /11
and the 7 years 1 igher' ...
average 11. 9s. .od • 1 o:sl''x

ter :
1100
NORWICIf FEBRUARY , FEBRRY 12.--The
in
Churchwardens
11 bwardens of the Parish of St. St e,„11-1,01
this
have distributed bread and
partly rcoal3 to 5
p3mleft
partly
b fron
° f 201. from HUDSON GURNEY,
ELtz. ParE.,T, rtnea
M.
l:
00..

( To be continued.)

) ,
coAL.mARKit, roy„
to
Ships at Market. Ships sold 4,95 0," ,;
44 Newcattte -
.„„s th'
Sunderhuld -

• r
°fISAt!I°4
At liarre, in France, on Tucsaky, tilt 101‘
:;1:113;:s
al: Yr:
I:::;ft.adldealy;:i
11:3 rtit;t0:18:111 Marsht
ishit, E
stih!en
.¢aLsodvf:yer*llgoh3rtiki:: 4.4
Divid 'lAntsadn, Esq., or it son. /maw"
mt,
of a

1011
the 00
AIARRTEDf .41
On the Itlth kat., nt Dow Chuteh, . b/ Ad
Dr. Macleod Rector of St-AtinN, Westminslt-It —lolc w
at Inbove.hs'l~ In the preiwene' •
caillo111:11111:::skr11114;11441)''otorcl°11-1.41:11141'
Snedecash
n, and Maal47, to 1141141 to Mal4galetsi
ter otAlk. late P Dr. I f Cirove.hal
P . any,

est
sontO!onnfs3Baibunn(riiala;tann:4stiuiret..4)::::Eol!stie:rtjoTErebniaake.ntawan:AfilHl74lt:".,
start, and (1,1,y-raster, Susseix.

Y@ pi.
lit
p 1
,figtecier publute4 for..
"' No. I 2, Strand, by J. D. CAS