The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-25 00:00:00

CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN

THE EAST INDIES.
In our last, we published the memorial of the Hull Cham-
ber of Commerce on this itupur!ant subject, to the Court of
Directors of the East India Ckimpatiy, and to the Board of
Control for the affairs of India. To it, the following satisfac-
tory reply has been received front Sir John Hobhouse, Bart,
the chairman of the latter iieß,rtm,lit
" India Board, 19th January, 1847.
"Sir,—•l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter, dated the 13th instant, transmitting for my in-
formation, copy of a ineinorird, addressed by the Chamber
of Commerce of Hull to tile Court of Directors of the
East India Company, on the :object cf cotton cultivation in
India.

"In the year 1840, this important subject engaged the
earnest attention of the Court of Directors and this Board,
and arrangements were then made for testing, on a large
scale, the capabilities of India to produce increased supplies
of cotton, adapted for the home market; and as several of
the experiments then introduced are still in progress, you
may rest assured that my best considerations will continue
to be given to every practical measure having for its object
the improvement and' Increased supply of an article so es-
sential to the welfare both of India ;Jul the United Kingdom.
"I have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient servant,
- "JOHN HOBHOUSE.
" Thomas Thompson, Esq:,' !cc., &c., Hull."
—Hull Advertiser.

HERRING TRADE-CONTI-
NENTAL MARKETS.
The Commissioners of Supply for the county of Banff haire
transmitted a memorial to Government, to obtain the admis-
sion of British cured herrings into the continental markets
on the same terms as these cured in Holland, &c. more
extensive field for our herring trade is 11 uch required abroad,
and if such an outlet be not secured for this important branch
of our native industry, nia;:y thousands of our population
will be thrown out of emplo/ment. In Banffshire alone 800
boats and about 8,000 persons are employed in the several
departments of the herting trade. Some of the circum-
stances stated by the mcniortalists are interesting:—" In
1810. the total cure of herrings was ninety thousand; it now
exceeds six hundred thousand hands, on an average, yearly.
The failure in the potato crop, for the last two years, has ex-
ercised a most depresaieg influence on the price of herrings
in the home markets, c inliog a very great diminution in
their consumption ;so much a, that it is consistent with
the knowledge of your memorialists, that a great quantity of
crown branded full herrings, the produce of this season's
catch, remains on hand at the present time in the Irish mar-,
kets, unsaleable at a proportionate rate to the value of other
provisions, or, where forced off, not yielding over 9s. per bar-
rel—not half the actual cost of the barrel of cured fish as it
leaves the curer's hands—a sacrifice of property ruinous to
those embarked in the trade; and, with a recurrence of the
potato failure, your memorialists are fully aware that a most
material decline in this branch of our native industry must,
in consequence. ensue—save an increased demand can be
created abroad for the cured fish. Looking to the continent
of Europe, your memorialists find, that Prussia and the Ger-
man States are, in a manner, the only countries open for the
import of British cured herrings at moderate duties (Prussia,
35.); Russia, whose population is very fond of salted her-
rings, and on which we have strong claims for reciprocity in
trade, would consume enormously, were our herrings admis-
sible on a parity of duty with those of Norway, on which it
amounts to Is. 2d. per barrel, whilst the rate leviable on Bri-
tish cured amounts to 4s. and 4e. fid. per barrel, according
to the rate of exchange. Your memorialists cannot omit
stating that, in consequence of this differential duty, not
more than two thousand to three thousand barrels British
cured herrings find their way into the Russianinarkets, being
at the same time, well assurel that our fine and carefully-
cured herrings, in comparison with the coarse winter her-
rings of Norway, would, at an equal, or more moderate duty,
mud unlimited consumption amongst the population of the
vast empire in question. It is also in the knowledge of your
memorialists, that, were the present duty of 16f. exigible on
British cured herrings, on importation into Belgium, reduced
to that leviable on the cure of tkt Data, viz., of. per barrel,
the country in question would annually draw large supplies
of the article from the Scotch ports] whereas, under the,
existing differential duty, the Dutch SabMurers have a mono-
poly of the important fish market under notice."—The mer-
chants, fisbcurers, and others interested in the trade-and
fisheries of Orkney, have also memorialised the Government
to the same purpose. They set forth, amongst other-disad-
vantages suffered by the enterprise of Orkney, that whereas
the Norwegians have plenty of the best wood for the con-
struction of herring-boats, at a cost little more than the price
of cutting the trees, Orkney does not produce timber. The
cost of constructing vessels is, of course, enhanced by the duty
on foreign timber. Farther, all the articles of foreign pro-
duce consumed by the Norwegian fishermen are imported at
very low rates, while the same at tides for British fishermen
(such as tea) are heavily burdened. The Orkney memorialist
s
state that the best market for cod is Spain, and that within
these few years a direct trade to a considerable extent had
been opened in that most important branch of the fisheries; hmerpieos;
but that the trade has been greatly restricted by the
import
dues, which are, when directly imported in a British bottom,
10/. per ton; indirectly, 121; directly in a Spanish
6!. 10s.; indirectly, 8/. 13s. Tt,cm. dues are considered exces-
sive;_ while herrings, by the S ,aaiiisti laws, are, if British
cured, altogether excluded. Asr !urstery for seamen, the
memorialists show the northaeroi(itfissilli7eitiro,so
_o be of importance;
for, in the last war, Orkney d furnished upwards
of 5,000 effective seamen for the fleet.—lnverness Courier.

HOW TO MAKE A MA-lE.—in your workshops, in
your clubs, in your institutes, obtain signatures to your
petitions: get every labourer, every artisan, every trades-
man whom you can intluem.e, to sign petitions. Other things
must also be done before your condition can be rendered
prosperous; but this must preced every real improvement;
the sources of the poison that infects the atmosphere you
breathe must be dried up before you can be healthy, and
uncleanliness must be removed from the exterior of your
dwellings before you can find or make a Home.—Dr. South-
wood Smith's Address to the Ma hiuy (.7asses on their Duty in
the present state of the Sanatory Qaastion.
EXTREME DISTRESS —Amongst the persons who
were summoned before the Windsor bench of Magistrages
on Thursday last, for non-payment of poors'-rates, was a
poor woman, who was unab!e, to app:mr before the Bench
in consequence of being compelled to pawn her clothes from
sheer distress.

HUNTING TERMS.
The tail of the deer is called the single • of the fox, th!
brush; of the wolf and dog, the stern; and of the hare and.
rabbit, the stent.
The feet of the fox are called pads; the face, the mask on
front; but in the deer it is the snout or nose.
Of pointers, retters, spaniels, greyhounds, and terriers, tr.
are called a brace, and three a leash ; of hounds, beagl,;
&c., two are called a couple, three, a hark, or a couple-em ,
half; of spaniels and terriers, more than two brace of dilleroi
ent kinds are called a rough muster; several brace ott
spaniels are called a pack. In some counties it is colsol
to say a couple of spaniels.
In true sporting phraseology it is a kennel of foxhounds,:
pack being thought more appropriate to harriers, but fra
crack sportsmen are nevertheless heard to talk of
foxhounds, in common parlance. • gene,
When hounds, in drawing for their game 121" th 4
the reverse way, they are said to draw amiss. 'But ribenio,
game is up, and the hounds scent it in the opposiavtehtrecther
they then run to the heel, or run to counter. " ","1," are
take a fresh scent, they hunt change ; and when `-iunt
seen traversing the same ground over and over, theY and
foil. When they run without any cry, they run mute;e ea.
if they chase other game than that for which they
tered, or are otherwise disobedient to the huntsman, 'el
said to run riot.
„+ ig or
Hunted animals frequently take the water. 4%_=thit
other deer doing so are said to take soil. an otter boa.; fot
stream, all other animals are said to take water. Why s 14
takes to ground, if it be to a regular fox earth, he is, Bat ma*
run to earth; but when ke descends into a slough A
he has then run to ground. Drag up to a fox, var., aa:
deer, or draw on the slot. Quest or trail the hare, filly"-fornii
kennel a fox, unharbour a deer, start the hare from the ied or
or seat. The hare is pricked by the foot ; the fox is b 4 deer
padded. A fox and a hare run up and down a covet ; 'tiod
beats the cover. A fox is said to be headed when he t bios.
back, a deer is blanched, and a hare making a return e°ll.,,da
The hare squats, the fox lies down ; a fox is recovered' ""up
deer is fresh found. The death of the stag is the brealdnide.
or the take; that of the fox is to be worried; and I/
whoop is the death cry of both fox and hare. hound/
Tally-ho back when the fox heads back; if the _,bea
come out it is hark back. A sharp burst is the first OIL'
very quick. If the scent is co good that the hounds
most mute it i s called a burning scent, but the hounds Iltree
up or stop .for want of scent, or because they the
overrun it, then it is a check. If, on the contrail' for
scent is so good that they have no need to stoop the
it, they are said to run breast high. In draivilla to
cover, the first hound which throws its tongue i 5
challenge. The fox, when killed as soon as found, or lac% to
is said to be chopped. Hounds thrown into cover are 010,
be drawing it. The scent left by the fox on his return:og%
kennel is called the drag; when rather fresher than it, "IDA
is a moving scent When the scent of the fox extenes,,,;thet
so that a majority of the hounds feel it, and crowd t°,,r„ thi
to pursue it, they are said to carry a good head; when t P
reverse of Ithis is the case, and the dogs do not atteolfoit
rush to the head, they dwell on the scent ; when it iS sf) Ita
as scarcely to be perceptible, they cannot feel the see,nr. has
fox is said to run his foil when he retraces the grouna7ot
been over. Hounds, when they have recovered a let. this
are said to have hit it off, and one signalising hiruseiLM ea.;
occasion has made a good hit. When hounds are prey" 015
wards by too zealous riders, the huntsman's rate, dtess
hard" is the check to the hurtful impetuosity ; 001,in to
on" is the reverse, and is a direction to the hurd_ailiwt.: if
make to the head, and try to recover the sinking I'''. f 03°
the impetuosity of the riders shauld occasion the death Ireii
fox unfairly, he is said to be headed to death. 014; Sri
hound that abides by the scent only and will not go - scl<
beyond it, is called a line hunter. When hounds are they
mettled in their hunting they are said not to stooP tope
scent ; but when in one line, they go at the top of theft a " 0
they are then said to be streaming away. Some do or
said to be tight in their tongues, i. e. they run 101 hi.
nearly so. The good hound, on the contrary, throalvier,
tongue freely ; but a too noisy hound is called A toll;
and should be drafted. A hound that has a habit ofthe
wide of the pack is called a skirter. Full cry is wb—their,
joyous pack acknowledge the scent by throwing wine
tongues freely. When hounds are running with the
behind them they are running down wind. to
Bloodhounds and greyhounds, when tired, are sal 01 et
overhaled ; pointers, setters, spaniels, terriers, 'cc., ft°°
jaded.

INSOLVENT DEBTORS.
(From Friday night's Gazette.)
SUMMER CIRCUITS, 1847.
SOUTHERN CIRCUIT.
Henry Revel Reynolds, Esq., Chief Commissioner'
Berkshire-At Reading, Tuesday, June 22.
Oxfordshire-At Oxford, Thursday, June 24.
Worcestershire-At Worcester. Saturday, June 26.
Radnorshire-At Presteigne, Tuesday, June 29.
Herefordshire-At Hereford, Wednesday, June 30.
Brecknockshire-At Brecon, Friday, July 2.
Carmarthenshire-At Carmarthen, Monday, July 5-
Cardiganshire-At Cardigan, Wednesday, July 7. 8.
Pembrokeshire-At Haverfordwest, Thursday, Jab' ,
Glamorganshire-At Swansea, Monday, July 12.
Glamorganshire-At Cardiff, Tuesday, July 13.
Monmouthshire--At Monmouth, Thursday, July 15.
'• Gloucestershire-At Gloucester, Saturday, July. 17. ,f,,eadef'
At the City and County of the City of Bristol, -1-
• July 20.
Somersetshire-At Bath, Thursday, July 22.
Somersetshire-At Taunton, Friday, July 23. •
Cornwall-At Bodmin, Tuesday, July 27.
Devonshire-At Plymouth, Wednesday, July 28., so,
Devonshire-At the Castle of Exeter, Friday, a day.
At the City and County of the City of Exeter---o'"--
Dorsetshire-At Dorchester, Monday, August 2'
,„„,
Wiltshire-At Salisbury, Wednesday, August ttharopton
At the Town and County of the Town of 0°
Thursday, August 5,
Southampton-At Winchester, Friday, August 6. •
NORTHERN CIRCUIT. •
oner.
John Greathed'Harris, Esq., Commissioner.
Yorkshire-AI Sheffield, Friday, June 18.
Yorkshire-At Wakefield, Monday, June 21. 11.11101‘
At the Town and County of the Town of Kingston
. Hull, Friday,,June 25-
, Yorkshire-At the Castle of York, Monday, June 28.
Yorkshire-At Richmond, Thursday, Jaly 1.
Durham-At Durham, Friday, July 2.
Northumberland-At the Moot Hall, Newcastle-upon-Vl*
Monday, July 5.
At the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-o
Tyne-the same day.
Cumberland-At Carlisle, Wednesday, July 7.
Westmoreland-At Appleby, Friday, July 9.
Westmoreland-At Kendal, Saturday, July 10.
Lancashire-At Lancaster, Monday, July 12.
Lancashire-At Liverpool, Monday, July 19.
Montgomeryshire-At Welsh Pool, Thursday, July 22'
Merionethshire-At Dolgelly, Saturday, July 24.
Carnarvonshire-At Carnarven, Tuesday' July 27.
0:
Anglesey-At Beaumaris, Wednesday, July 28.
Denbighshire-At Ruthin, Friday, July 30.
Flintshire-At Mold, Monday, August 2.
Cheshire-At the Castle of Chester, Tuesday, Auga..s.ool°
At the City and County the City of Chester---.19•9
day.
MIDLAND CIRCUIT.
William John-Law, Esq., Commissioner.
Essex-At Chelmsford, Thursday, June 24.
Essex-At Colchester, Friday, June 25.
Suffolk-At Ipswich, Monday, June 28. 03°,131
Norfolk-At the Castle of. Norwich, Wednesday, -- a
tm "--
S
At the City and County of the City of Norwich--
day. •
Norfolk-At Yarmouth, Thursday, July 1.
Suffolk-At Bury St. Edmunds, Saturday, July 3•
Norfolk-At Lynn, Monday, July 5.
6'
Northamptonshire--At Peterborough, Tuesday, -.T If /.'
Huntingdonshire-At Huntingdon, Wednesday, JO'
Cambridgeshire-At Cambridge, Thursday, July 8. Oh
Northamptonshire-At Northampton Saturday, July
Rutlandshire-At Oakham, Monday:July, 12.
Lincolnshire-At Lincoln, Tuesday, July 13. 15. sie
Nottinghamshire-at Nottingham, Thursday, July
At the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham
same day.
Derbyshire-At Derby, Saturday, July 17.
Leicestershire--At Leicester, Monday, July 19.
Staffordshire-At Stafford, Wednesday, July 21.
Shropshire-At Shrewsbury, Friday, July 23. s,atttr°
At the City and County of the City of Lichfield_--
July 24.
Shropshire-At Oldbury, Monday, July 26.
Warwickshire-At Birmingham-the same day.
Warwickshire-At Warwick, Tuesday, July 27.
Warwickshire-At Coventry, Wednesday, July 28.
'Bedfordshire-At Bedford, Friday, July 30.
13uckinghamshire-At Aylesbury, Saturday, July 31.
HOME CIRCUIT.
Charles Phillips, Esq., Commissioner.
Kent-At Dover, Thursday, July 8.
At the City and County of the City of CanterburY
day, July 10. „
Kent-At Maidstone, Tuesday, July 13.
Sussex-At Lewes, Friday, July 80.
Hertfordshire-At Hertford, Friday, August 6.

nl4,
ALLEGED MURDER AT BART.- ,
On Tuesday this case was again gone into before the fis
gistrates, and evidence had as to the intimacy whinb
dt
existed between Hewitt and the prisoner Mrs. Johnson' roe
the conclusion of the evidence Mr. Ambler proposed
,t° Poe;
previous attempts, on the part of the prisoner, to maw. while
-with the deceased, by administering raudaeum to hit? a
they lived at Sale Moor. Mr. Foulkes considered,
monstrous.proposition, and, after some little conversatoSsti
evidence was not gone into, but, on the understanding.,l the
was to be brought forward at the trial, it was agrert-b tit
Mr. Ambler should furnish the prisoner's solicitor 141,i i
substance of such evidence. There were several wittw —O, tft
attendance for examination upon this point. This being
case against the prisoner, Mr. Trafford, addressing het
Foulkes, the solicitor for the prisoner, said—l supPouen„'essee'
the intimation I have given, you will not call any vertu
thillig,
lam bound to hear them, and any remarks you ma De?
fit to make: I leave it to your own discretion. „,.d
think you will alter my opinion. Mr. Trafford intima'"--30
intention to commit the prisoner on Tuesday Treeic.":ah
Foulkes—After the intimation you were kind enough the
make to me, I think it is my duty not to obtrude UPO of
Court any observations of mine upon this great pa di!'
evidence. Undoubtedly there was a time when I 111., thif
posed to enter into a commentary upon the whole -tort
evidence; but, since you have given me that intirae,..ie
shall not attempt it. It appears to me certainly a Toelf
very great mystery. Mr. Trafford—lt is one whicli,'" egoetli
requires further investigation. (To the prisoner)-1" thst
Johnson, you are fully aware of the charge against Yen'estir
of administering poison to your husband, and thereto. els
ing his death. (Prisoner—l did not do it.) It is not '
~
to say whether that charge is sufficiently proved bez, ecieber
beyond saying it is sufficiently proved to send you tot
tribunal, there to take your trial. The facts y/110.'1003
been proved before me, uncontradicted as they now ryonto
certainly prove your conduct to have been that of a nor
guilty of great impropriety ; but whether you haYtA_ sod
witted the awful crime with which you are charg*ln to
thereby caused the death of your husband is knowriesL
Him who is above and to yourself, as far as aPP,-ihe•
present. It will be for a jury of your country to taY, golf
ther they believe you have been guilty or not. le fot
stand committed to the next assizes to take you Jobe0.
the wilfulmurder of your husband, William Henry,:i the
You may stand down. The prisoner, who maintain", bey
calm, collected demeanour which has characterisat the
throughout the whole of these proceedings, then Tba
dock, without manifesting the slightest discomposure.
_sr
remainder of the witnesses were then bound over to Pg.*.
cuteat the assizes. The prisoner was conveyed to thei:elter
dale "gaol by the half-past two o'clock tram.--fan
Guardian.

THE CONSEQUENCE la CS.
OF NON..INTERFERS- tua
The returns of the past quarter prove that nothingeffe.od
has been done to put a stop to the disease, suffering,
_co.
death in which so many thousands perish ; that' the inaPr;ave
ments, chiefly of a showy, superficial, outside character.; that
not reached the homes and habits of the people • 841,,0"arent
the consequence is that thousands, not only of thiii cmol
but of the men and women themselves, perish of the seasd
pa
formerly so fatal, for the same reasons, in barrack9;T
gaols, and ships..-,Report or the Registrar-Go:eras Al9'