The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-04 00:00:00

trt E SUN, LONDON,

We have put forward the above, in order to show
the unnecessary stringency of the present laws, and
that much of the suffering which has taken place
might have been avoided without the princi?le of a
convertible currency being in any manner touched
upon. We do not, however, conceive that anything
but an issue of State paper, an ample currency which
will be received in payment of all the national

burdens of taxation and duties of every de-
scription, and which will be secured on
all the national resources, will ever be effectual

or give permanent prosperity to the country, and save
us from the fluctuations to which we have been pe-
riodically exposed, and which have had such injurious
results. 'We would again direct the attention of our
readers to Russia, where there was no attempt to
alter the nature of the currency after the war ;
they kept the paper out, and it is out to
this time, and answers all the internal wants
of the country ; and Lord ASHBURTON, one
of the most able financiers of this or any other land,
in his evidence before the Committee of the House

of Commons on agriculture in 1836, stated it as his

opinion that "by doing so they had kept money in
pretty tolerable steadiness." We have seen the

result which has allowed the AUTOCRAT to invest,
since the month of March last, 6,600,0001. in

. ,
the French and English funds, and to lend two m

lions sterling in addition to the Bank of England
at the present crisis. Notwithstanding which, an
enormous amount of bullion is still remaining in his
hands. How long will the British nation suffer its
prosperity to be frittered away, and its children

pauperised and exposed to every species of privation,
from an obstinate adherence to theories, and to a

system that has occasion€d such wide-spread misery ?

Having referred so repeatedly to the advantages
accruing from the employment of a deodorizing and
disinfecting fluid, it is but reasonable that we should
in some measure explain the proportions and pro-
perties of the different ingredients. From experi-
ments recently made in the Observatoire of Paris, it
has been conclusively shown that the use of simple
sulphate of iron is altogether ineffectual in preventing
the deleterious exhalations arising from the decompo-
sition of animal matter. Another preparation was
found to be absolutely necessary for the purification
of a vitiated atmosphere. M. LEDOYEN and Sir
WILLIAm BURNET have proved that the discovery of
some such substitute was practicable, and a recent com-
munication from Mr. FORDRED, published in the
columns of a medical contemporary, explains how
that substitute may be manufactured with facility
and with comparatively little expense.* That the
employment of such a compound is almost miracu-
lously beneficial has been attested by the various
experiments made at Brussels, at Paris, at Liverpool,
in the metropolis, and elsewhere. Nor are the ad-
vantages produced by the application of the disinfect-
ing fluid merely partial or temporary, they are
declared to be complete, instantaneous, and
permanent, upon the authority of Mr. CHARLES
ELLERMAN. And besides destroying the effluvia and
vapours which are found to be so prejudicial to
health, the liquid changes these pestiferous substances
into the most nutritious of all manures. It has been
demonstrated by THENARD and DUPUYTREN that
when the air is infected by 1-300th part of sul-
phuretted hydrogen the life of man ceases; that
when it is infected by 1-1000th part dogs are suf-
focated; and that birds expire when it is infected by
merely 1-1,500 th part. So destructive is this terrible
gas ! And it is this gas which is principally evolved
from the drains and cesspools from the decay of the
feculent matter accumulated therein—the azote
changing into ammonia, and the sulphur into
sulphuretted hydrogen. Now these pernicious
evaporations are altogether prevented by the
employment of the disinfecting fluid, that
fluid neutralizing the deleterious gases by
changing them into salts, and by so doing materially
enhancing the value of the putrescent matter for agri-
cultural purposes. How far this assertion is correct
is shown by the emphatic declaration of JUSTUS
Luria (see Agricutural Chemistry, p. 365), that
" all the qualifications necessary for agricultural
purposes are to be found in solid and liquid feculent
matter ; they not only containing ammonia, but
alkali, silicates, phosphorites, and sulphates, in the
proportions requisite for cultivation." Left, however,
in a state of gradual decomposition, the feculent
matter has an injurious instead of a nutritive effect
upon vegetation, the leaves and even the stalks of
plants being blighted by the copious disengagement
of sulphuretted hydrogen. By the infusion of the
disenfecting fluid therefor, the sulphuretted hydro-
gen is changed into a salt which imparts a new ex-
cellenc_..e to the soil as a manure."

The extensive application of the liquid to which we
have alluded would consequently be productive of a
twofold advantage. It would purify the air in the
most pestilential localities, and tend to the develop
ment of our agricultural resources. It would dim
nish disease and increase vegetation. It wou:,:
lighten the responsibilities of the Sanitary Commis-
sioners, and render the arable land throughout the
country more productive. If anything deserves the
encouragement of the Health of Towns and Health
of London Associations, it is this. If anythingmerits

* According to the statement made by this gentleman
Journal,mmacayeutheice/alcheap and efficacious
dtoisitnhfeecPtaineatr
Prepareds f. 3 107 s :---
Dry white lead, 21bs avoirdupois;
Nitric acid (commerCial) 10 • •
Sufficient water to makeup oonz. avoirdupois;
The lead is first placed in a large pan, or
convenient size, and the acid, mingled w •
other vessel of
its bulk of water, is then poured on ton the times
mixture being well stirred up with a stick. Immediately
leful, the
the effervescence has ceased the remainder of itrdiately
should be added, and the liquid is then ready fore use
etnr
these proportions,—one part of the solution mixed with
two parts of water, for sprinkling about apartments, and
a pint of the solution to a pailful of water for disinfect.
ing drains or open cesspools,

answer every purpose if these notes were exchange-
able at head- quarters, and the places where the demand
might be made not unnecessarily multiplied ; the prin-
ciple would surely not be in any degree endangered
by carrying the principle of Lord ALTHORP'S Act to
the fullest extent, and making Bank of England notes
a legal tender in every part of the country,
except at the principal office of the Bank itself.
By this means the dangerous consequences
of a run for gold would be greatly mitigated. The
only reasonable objection that could be offered against
the circulation of one-pound notes throughout the
country is the possible results in the case of a panic,
or at a period of great political excitement. In order
to avoid this shadow, real evil is encountered. In
consequence of the subtraction of the small-note cur-
rency, no less than 50,000,0001. sterling, in gold and
silver is used merely as a token in passing from
hand to hand. We venture to affirm that if one pound
notes were sanctioned, the tenth part, or, under the
most unfavourable circumstances, the fifth part of that
amount would be amply sufficient for every purpose,
and that at the very least 40,000,0001. might be given
to the Bank in exchange for small notes. How
greatly would this improve the position and add to
the stability of that corporation, supposing, erempli
gratis, that 20,000,0001. of notes bad been issued from
the issue department, the amount in gold in their
coffers should, according to the terms of the Act, be
6,000,0001. This would give a proportion of but
thirty per cent. of bullion to the paper issued against
it, or only six shillings in the pound, a rath, -
discreditable dividend if the Bank were cail,u
on to pay; but if we further take into
account the amount of the deposits, public and pri-
vate, which on the average may be taken at from
fifteen to sixteen millions sterling, every farthing of
which should also be paid in gold, if demanded, we
should find that proportion still further reduced, and
that the dividend in gold would not much exceed
3s. 6d. in the pound—a melancholy instance, as
some of our contemporaries would say, of over-
trading and over-speculation, and of the impolicy of
investing capital in investments not immediately con-
vertible. Now, if small notes were sanctioned, and
even 20,000,0001. (only one-half of the 40,000,0001.),
were exchanged therefor at the Bank, we should find
that there would be 26,000,0001. of gold against
40,000,0001. of notes, or 65 per cent., and if the fifteen
millions of deposits were added to the former, there
would still be twenty-six millions of gold against
fifty-five millions of liabilities of every description, or
nearly 48 per cent. We need scarcely say which
would be the safer position for the Bank, or in which
case there would be the greatest probability of their
being unable to meet every demand upon them in
specie.

The Patria of Florence, of the 26th ult., an-
nounces the arrival, on the 22d, at Gallitano, of the
Modenese troops, accompanied by Commissioner
Azzr, who soon after called upon the Tuscan Com-
missary Advocate Brazicnim, desiring him to give
up to him the possession of the place. Signor Burr-
CIIINI refused, alleging that he had received no orders
from his Government. But on the evening of the
same day Signor Azzr insisted, and took possession
de facto. Signor BIANCIIINI has protested against
this act. Several proclamations of the Modenese
Government were posted up soon afterwards. The
province of Fivizzano has a surface of 90 square
miles, 51 parishes, and 16,000 inhabitants ; the annual
revenue is about 40,000 f. Florence was the scene of a
disturbance on the 25th. One PAOLINI, belonging to
the old police, called birri, and hated by the people
on account of former arbitrary acts, arrested
a blind beggar. Some persons who witnessed the
arrest disapproved of it ; the crowd increased and
rescued the beggar. The commissary of Santo Spi-
rit°, to appease the people, had PAOLINI put into an
open carriage and taken to prison. But the news
having spread, the crowd became more dense, and
PAOLINI was assaulted. Other bodies of people at
tacked some guard-houses, and burnt the furniture ;
at the old police-office, the Bargello, several persons
imprisoned for debt were set at liberty. All this
took place so suddenly that the civic guard was not
in time to prevent it; that body, however, soon in-
terfered most successfully, and the tumult was quelled
on all points in less than an hour. The Marquis
RIDOLFI, Minister of the Interior, wrote a letter in
the name of the GRAND DUKE to the commander of
the civic guard, on the 26th, in which he passes the
highest eulogium on the behaviour of that body, not-
withstanding the imperfect state of their present
organization.

Lord MINTO was to leave Florence for Rome on
the 29th ult.

Count BuEssox arrived at Naples on the 23d.

Madrid journals of the 28th ult. have arrived.
The Marquis of MIRAFLORES, the Marquis of
MALPICA, and all the members of the old Christina
Camarilla are restored, and Queen ISABELLA is com-
pletely isolated, her only associates being her Lu-
CRETIA of a mother, and her SOLOMON of a husband.
The Eco del Cumercio denouhces a gross jub which,
it is said, the Ministry intend to attempt to perpe-
trate for the behoof of MARIA CHRISTINA. It is in-
tended to demand from the Cortes permission to pay
Queen CHRISTINA in capital the amount of her annual
pension, calculated at the number of years she may
be expected to live. The Eco supposes that her MA-
JESTY'S life may be extended to thirty years, in
which case it calculates that the country would be
called on to pay about 90,000,000 reals (twenty-two
and a half millions of francs), which it says would
allow a nominal capital of upwards of 300,000,000
reals in Three per Cents. to be purchased.
It is probably in order to carry out this precious
scheme that the portfolio of finance is to be intrusted
to the cunning !Asturian avogado Senor MoN, who
has recently returned from Paris with a programme
drawn up by Louis PHILIPPE and M. GUIZOT, of
which this conversion forms probably no unimportant
part, furnishing, as it will do, a large and available
capital for carrying on the wholesale bribery by
means of which
,alone the MONTPENSIER succession
can be secured.

It was rumoured in Madrid that ESPARTERO had
accepted the London Embassy.
The Carlists have appeared in great force in Ar-
ragon and in Catalonia; they are more threatening
and stronger than ever.

MADRID BOLSA, OCT. 28.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 26! at fifty days ; the Five per Cents. at
161 for paper; the Debt without Interest at 51 ; and
the Coupons at 124.

Tuesday being All Saints' day, is observed as a
festival in Paris, and none of the papers, with the
exception of Galignanis Messenger, are in general
published on that day. The Journal des _Wats,
however, contrary to usual custom, published a half-
sheet, containing important news from Switzerland,
which will be found, in extenso, in another column.
Civil war appears to be inevitable. The Diet refused
to refer the question of the Jesuits to the Porz (it
could hardly be expected that they would consent to
such a proposition, involving, as it did, the admission
of the principle of the right of intervention, on the
part: of a foreign power, in the internal affairs of
Switzerland) ; a proposition for renewed negotiations,
and a mutual disarmament, was likewise rejected ; '
and the deputies of the Sonderbund departed from
Berne. This last proposition was about the most
jesuitical that could have been made. The disarma-
ment, on the part of the Sonderbund cantons, would
be a farce. The arms would be probably placed in a
depot at Lucerne, and by means of the lake of the
four cantons, Uri, Schywtz, Ii nterwalden, Zug,
and Lucerne could communicate with each other
in two hours, and in one day would all
be armed; whereas the Liberal cantons, scattered
about around the circumference of these five cantons,
would require weeks, perhaps months of preparation,
to again assemble and arm their troops. Besides,
after the all but expressed determination of M.
Gurzi)r to interfere by force in support of the Jesuits,
it ~uld be worse than folly for the Diet to listen for
aoment to any fallacious propositions for a general
..sarmament. We, however, take note of the fact,
that the deputies of the Sonderbund have declared
that they will submit to the POPE, and from the
liberal spirit which Plus IX. has manifested, we
trust that he will order the dissolution of the league,
and the withdrawal of the Jesuits, and thus avert
civil war from Switzerland. As a proof of what
Jesuit rule is in Lucerne, we may remark that while
a Catholic pauper who cannot read or writels per-
mitted to rote in the election of members of the
Council, a Protestant, no matter how highly educated,
how talented, or how honest, is deprived of the fran-
chise. This deprivation of the Protestants of their
franchise is the work of the Jesuits.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse
oßnouTeune,sd9aly2fa. tsoc76.f: 30c. ; the Five per Cents., 115 f.
the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,177 f. 50c. ;
5c
Havre,s32 Nor-
thern,f.s.slo2cf..locvlerGrorne:Lts4sf
Bordeaux, 470£. TmEn2oulogne, 347 f, 50c.;: Troyes
and blontereau, 230 f. ; Basle, 151 f. 25c.; Paris
;47A0f13,

the approval of the Metropolitan Sewage Manure
Company (incorporated by 9 and 10 Victoria,) it is
this. Humanity and economy alike demand its
adoption.

Although we yesterday particularised the diseases
of the respiratory organs, such as inflammation of
the lungs and consumption, as among those which
would be perceptibly diminished in frequency by the
purification of the atmosphere, we would by no
means have it inferred that other maladies would not
be thereby in like manner most beneficially affected.
Without referring in particular to other and more
ordinary diseases, we would direct especial atten-
tion to the influence of vitiated air in the
cities ravaged by the Asiatic Cholera. How much
would not cleanliness do towards mitigating
the terrors of that dismal visitation ? And, of
all kinds of cleanliness, which is more essential
or more commendable than the purity of the very air
we breathe ? It is just asserted in the first number of
a new Sanitary Organ, published monthly, and called
the Journal of Public Health—a periodical, the ap-
pearance of which we hail with the more satisfaction
from its starting into existence at a period so pecu-
liarly opportune—it is just asserted in the Journal of
Public Heath that" Cholera is always most virulent
in its attacks in those localities where sanitary mea-
sures are most neglected." This fact is incontrover-
tihl., ; it is more stubborn than the most stubborn of
m :les. And of all the sanitary measures which have
,en universally neglected, that measure is notoriously
the most requisite which would remove the causes of
vitiation in the atmosphere of our towns and
cities, and tend to the adequate ventilation
of our houses and workshops. That measure, more-
over, would instantaneously and peculiarly
affect those physical evils which are prevalent
throughout the United Kingdom, evils which (to
quote the language employed on the 22d of Septem-
ber by the Judge-Advocate General, when that Right
Honourable Gentleman was addressing his constitu-
ents at Liskeard), "by a little management, could be
removed at a very little expense." How small the
expense, would be in this particular is obvious. As
to the management, we leave that with confidence to
the Government and the Sanitary Commissioners.