The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-11 00:00:00

LECTIRE ON MNEMONICS.

The metaphysicians of the schools have been long per
piexed to give some determinate idea of the nature of
memory, but the latest and most sagacious of their
thinkers, Dugald Stewart, confessed it to be indefinable.
Dr. Reid equally complained of its inexplicabil;tv. and
said that memory was an original faculty, given us Ly the
Author of our being, and lie alone inspired man with it
Kant, nevertheless, and his philosophic school, however
transcendental on other occasions, simply explains .it
to be the result of a combination of ideas,
which have become imprinted upon the reci-
pient sense, and there retained. Memory is, in
tact, a purely mechanical process, and, however crowded
it may become with facts and images, which, in
their greatest plenitude, create the poet—the highest
point of intellectual attainment—and whose powers often
persuade us with a belief of supernatural inspiration,
yet is it in its profoundest form resolvable into simple
ideas, which have accumulated from infancy to manhood.
A lecture delivered by M. Beniowski on mnemonics,
or the art of memory, yesterday evening, at the Lecture
Rooms, near Red Lion-square, furnished sufficient proof,
to an audience of more than 300 persons, of the powers
of which mechanical memory is capable. The first
mnemonical experiment M. Beniowski advanced was
very similar to that related by Muretus of the young
Corsican, who was able to repeat, after twice reading,
any number of words in any order. M. Beniowski,
however severely questioned by his audience, gave his
responses with scarce a failure, though the string of
words was of the most unconnected and incongruous
kind. A subsequent experiment was to recite any num-
ber of unmeaning or foreign words, from all tongues
and languages on earth, and these, repeated by him
after a few minutes' study, equalled for diversity
and barbarism the complete jargon into which the world
was split at the division of Babel. The practical use of
the mnemonic art, in this case, was felicitously explained
and elucidated by the exhibitor. By its aid, no lan-
guage or dialect but was easily to be mastered, and M.
Beniowski adduced two singular instances in his own
life. Having shown his readiness, before the company,
of committing to memory above twenty barbaric words
in five minutes, he observed that the ratio was only
to be increased, to acquire any tongue. Scarce a known
language that exists contains more than seven or eight
hundred radicals ; these obtained, all other difficul-
ties are but secondary. " Four years ago," said the lee:
turer, " I started from France for England. On em-
barking at Calais, I was an absolute stranger to a Saxon
monosyllable. I purchased a vocabulary and dictionary;
aided by my mnemonic principles, I learned the bulk of
your English language before I had crossed the Channel."
The foreign accent of the lecturer, it should be observed,
was scarcely perceptible, and• his fluency in English ex-
cellent.

Again, said M. Beniowski, some years back I was de-
spatched by the French Government on a foreign com-
mission to Egypt. Before starting from Marseilles,.M.
Paris, my teacher of mnemonics, said to me, "Do you
know anything of Arabic?" "Not a syllable," answered
Beniowski; " but," continued he, " before I reached the
gates of Alexandria I knew enough to convince the
natives I was neither deaf nor dumb."

The experiments, so far as regarded words, were of
themselves surprising ; but the wonder greatly increased
when M. Beniowski challenged the company to question
bins on entire works. Venerable Homer was to be the
touch-stone, and the powers of the lecturer's memory
was to be evinced by reciting any line of the seven
hundred and eighty which compose the first book of
the Iliad. No sooner did any one present propose
to know the number of the line, where the august
old writer sings of " ox•eyed venerable Juno,"—no sooner
was " rosy-cheeked Briseis" mentioned, or " swift-footed
Achilles," or " Vulcan pouring out the nectar, while the
Gods all laugh," than the number of the line was flirth with
answered, or. in answer to the appellant's number, was
given the corresponding line. After this, our astonish-
ment witnessed further feats in regard to upwards of two
thousand chronological events, gathered either from
Usher or Eusebius, which were answered by the experi-
menter from fact to date, or from date to fact. Napier's
tables of Logarithms, of which every page is a forest of
figures, seemed child's-play to the lecturer to recount.
Since the days of Francis Suarez or Lipsius, the former
of whom is immortalised by his ability to repeat all St.
Augustine's works by heart, and the latter by his re-
membrance of the whole of Tacitus, a memory of such
capacity and wonderful mechanical capabilities as . the
lecturer's, has not, we may say boldly, appeared.
But the keys of this invaluable, nay, even magical
science, are conveyed with equal ease to any of his pupils,
one of whom appeared before the audience, and exhibited
before them the result of only four hours' study—a diffi-
cult chronological task—and the readiness and truth of
his answers was astonishing. M. Feinagle, who created
so great a sensation in England some years ago by si-
milar mnemonic experiments, certainly, has found no
mean competitor in the person of M. Beniowski.

CHA TSWORTH.—A Correspondent who had
last week the pleasure of visiting the interior of that
princely mansion, Chatsworth, truly designated the
" palace of thi peak," informs us that amongst other ar-
ticles of vertu was particularly noticed a feather carved
in wood, from the inimitable tool of the celebrated Gib-
bons. This finely executed .norceau is preserved in a
glass case placed over a closet door. and not dis-
tinguishable from a real feather. The other
carvings in wood by this eminent master con-
sist of representations of deal game fish, flowers,
shells, and trophies, which are in the highest state of
excellence, being variously composed and distri-
buted. We may observe with Horace Walpole,
" that there is no instance of a man before Gibbons who
gave to wood the loose and airy lightness of flowers,
and chained together the various productions of tlo
elements with a free disorder, natural to each species."
It was at this magnificent mansion of tha Cavendishes,
and under the patronage of their proprietor, that the
celebrated Hobbes, uenotuinated of " Malmesbury,"
passed a great part of his long life, and was the seat of
his lucubrations. During his domicile at this place he
wrote his Latin poem, under the head of " Mirabilibus
Pecci," and other superior productions, which were con-
sidered at that time as effusions cf a mind pregnant with
both extensive learning and the most brilliant wit.
Cotta-LAWS.—A. petition in favour of a repea
of the Corn-laws is in course of signature at Lenten.
700 have already signed, and many more will no doubt
do so.—Nottingham Review.

MURDER AT CHEPSTOW.
(From the Bristol Standard.)
A melancholy case of murder has occurred at Chep-
s`ow. The victim, Sarah Sophia Fleming, was a native
of Bristol, about nineteen years of age, and of consider-
able personal attractions. She was induced to leave her
Lome about twelve months ago, and had latterly aban-
doned herself to a dissolute course of life, attaching her-
self to a young man of idle habits, named Benjamin
James, whom she chiefly supported by her sinful pursuits.
On Sunday night, the 29th of August last, this poor
girl, with another unfortunate creature of the same class,
and Benjamin James, were walking on Chepstow-bridge,
and were joined by three young men, with whom they
went up to Tutshill ; deceased left the party in com-
pany with one of the men, which roused the jealousy
of James, who called after her, and as she did not
return, followed her up a lane called Dead Man's-
iane (in which tradition says a murder was formerly
committed), the other girl followinglim, and at the end
of the lane they found them in. the turnpike-road. It
was a moonlight night, and on seeing James, the poor
girl withdrew her han:l from the young man, and James
ran up and attempted to strike her, but was twice pre-
vented by the man, who took hold of him, and begged
him to let the girl alone, calling to her to go home,
which she refused, saying, " Ben will beat me worse if
I do, when he catches me." James at length got loose,
and overtook her at the gate leading into Dead Man's-
lane, where he struck .her violently with his fist in her
right side; she immediatel:, fell on her knees; he drag-
ged her up, and she fell ae,,,t..nst the wall. The wretched
man then lay down in the road, and his poor victim
crawled to him and kissed him, saying, " Don't do it any
more, Ben." He turned towards her and said, " I will
murder you." She kissed him again, and he swore he
would murder and be the death of her; he did not strike
her again, hut, alas! the mischief was done—she had
received her death-blow.

They afterwards went down the lane to Chapel House
Farm, where the two females and James spent the night
in a shed, the deceased suffering acute pain in her side;
in the morning James left them in Chepstow, but in the
evening met them on the opposite side of the town, and
they remained together all night under a hay-rick, the
deceased in great agony on her right side and back,
the internal inflammation increasing rapidly ; they
continued out the whole of , the following day, and
at night James left them, saying he was afraid to stay
lest she should die. Her companion then supported
her through the streets in search of a lodging, and
at length, being quite exhausted, the poor sufferer sank
on the steps of a door, where they were attacked by some
vagabond boys, who threw dirt and filth at them. The
deceased exclaimed, " It is hard I cannot be left alone,
I am so ill," and burst into tear 3 ; her companion got
her away and obtained a lodging, where she passed the
night in extreme agony, and the next morning her
father was sent for, who, being unable to pay a medical
attendant, took her to the poorhouse, where she received
every attention that medical aid and kind treatment
could afford, but the inflammation increased, and she
expired on Friday evening.
Benjamin James was apprehended on Thursday, and
the poor girl's deposition taken by Colonel Lewis •in his
presence, out she was evidently alarmed at the prisoner
being in the room, exclaiming, "Take him away, he
will kill me." On Friday morning she told her father
she was worse, and said, " Where is Ben? He has
murdered me, and I am dying; he ought to suffer as
well as me;" and expressed a wish to see the Magis-
trate, as she had something on her mind. A messenF,er
was despatched to St. Pierre, and on Colonel Lewis's
arrival, the prisoner was again taken to her room, but
it was then too late, she had lost the power of speech—
she was dying. The worthy Magistrate and all in the
room were deeply affected, except the prisoner, who
stood unmoved at the dreadful scene without betraying
the least emotion, and apparently without the slightest
feeling for his unfortunate victim. On Saturday he was
committed to Monmouth gaol, charged with wilful
murder, and the Coroner's inquest has since returned a
similar verdict.

GEORGE 111. AND THE WILTSHIRE SHEP-
HERD.—At the late meeting of the Warminster and
South Wilts Club, the Rev. F. Skurray related the fol-
lowing anecdote of George the Third :—llis Majesty,
in passing over the Wiltshire Downs, admired the sta-
ture, healthiness, and costume of the Wiltshire
shepherds ; and, on his return to 'Windsor, he di-
rected the manager of his farm to procure one. Appli-
cation was made to his (Mr. Skurray's) friend and
neighbour, Mr. Davis, who, by the courtesy of Mr. Rich
Proud, of Brixton Dever ell, despatched a man who
seemed well adapted for the situation. Frequent inqui-
ries were made by the King, through General Golds-
worthy, as to the arrival of the expected shepherd.
At length they met and engaged in a colloquy :
"So you are the Wiltshire shepherd, come at last ?"
says the General, " and, pray, what is your name ?"
" Daphney," replied the shepherd. " Daphne !" said
the General; " why, it seems you have gained a pastoral
name since you have been appointed the King's shep-
herd." " I know nothing about pastoral names," he re-
plied ; " my father's name was John Daphney, and my
name is Richard Daphney."—(Laughter.) " How do
you find the flock?" asked the General. "Bad enough,"
answered the shepherd. " What do you mean to do
with them ?" Cure them, to be sure." " said
the General, " when the King comes to talk with you,
answer him as freely as you • have me." " That I cer-
trinly shall," replied the shepherd, " for I thought you
was the King." It happened some time after that two
sheep were abstracted from the flock, and the charge was
brought home to poor Daphney. When the fact was
made known to the King, he showed himself visibly
affected, and to the question whether Daphney was to be
prosecuted, his Majesty replied in the negative, adding,
"It was my foolish vanity that coveted a Wiltshire
shepherd, who, being brought into the neighbourhood of
Old Windsor, was thrown into the way of fellows that
would corrupt an angel. Discharge him ; I will not re-
tain a thief in my service—but no prosecution." On
hearing the Royal determination, the discarded shepherd
replied, " I could bear my master's reproaches, but I am
overcome by his kindness ; and as I cannot serve him
with a crook, I will with a musket," and he enlisted in
the Guards.—Salisbury Journal.

SLIGHT CIRCUMSTANCES.--Sir Walter Scott,
walking one day along the banks of the Yarrow, where
Mungo Park was born, saw the traveller throwing stones
into the water, and anxiously watching the bubbles that
succeeded. Scott inquired the object of his occupation.
" I was thinking," answered Park, " how often I had
thus tried to sound the rivers in Africa, by calculating
bow long a time had elapsed before the bubbles rose
to the surface." It was a slight circumstance, but
the traveller's safety frequently depended upon it.
In a watch the mainspring forms a small portion of
the works, but it repels and governs the whole. So
it is in the machinery of human life ; a slight circum-
stance is permitted by the Divine Ruler to derange
or to alter it ; a giant falls by a pebble ; a girl at the
door of an inn changes the fortune of an empire. If the
nose of Cleopatra had been shorter, said Pascal, in his
epigrammatic and brilliant manner, the condition of the
world would have been different. The Mahomedans
have a tradition, that when their Prophet concealed him-
self in Mount. Shur, his pursuers were deceived by a
spider's web which covered the mouth of the cave. Luther
might have been a lawyer, had his friend and companion
escaped the thunder-storm at Erfurt ; Scotland had
wanted her stern Reformer, if the appeal of the
preacher had not startled him in the Chapel of St.
Andrew's Castle; and if Mr. Grenville had not carried,
in 1764, his memorable resolution as to the expediency
of charging " certain stamp duties" on the plantations.
in America, the western world might still have bowed.
to the British sceptre. Cowley might never have been
a poet, if he had not found the Fairy Queen in his,
mother's parlour ; Opie might have perished in mute
obscurity, if he had not looked over the shoulder of his
young companion, Mark Otes, while he was drawing a
butterfly ; Giotto, one of the early Florentine painters,
might have continued a rude shepherd boy, if a sheep
drawn by him upon a stone had not attracted the notice
of Cimabue as he went that way.—Asiatic Journal for
September.
" JEMMY WOOD'' AND THE GLOUCESTER.
ilitrsicAL FESTIVAL—The last time but one that the:
rand festival in aid of the distressed widows and orphans
f clergymen in tlie dioceses of Gloucester, Hereford,
and Worcester, wds held at Gloucester, the renowned
Jemmy Wood stood in front of the Old Bank in West-
gate-street, and observed to a friend of ours, in reference
to the multitudes pressing towards the Cathedral, "There
the fools go; I keep my half-crowns in my pocket 1"
and, suiting the action to the word, pushed his hands to
the very bottom of his capacious waistcoat-pockets,
turned over the coins therein, and elicited that metallic
jing e so grateful to his ears. The rich old banker is
gathered to his fathers—the Old Bank, instead of wearing
the nusiness appearance it did in 1835, is closed—none
( f the immense wealth of its owner has, as yet, been dis-
tributed under his will—but in this short term of six
years more thousands of pounds have been spent in legal
proceedings concerning It than would have provided a
permanent fund, amply sufficient for the relief of all the
distressed widows and orphans of clergymen in the three
dioceses. The numbers thronging to the Cathedral were
not fools—Jemmy's policy of keeping the half-crowns in
his pocket was not the perfection of wisdom. Far better
would it have been for the fair city had Mr. Wood en-
dowed it with a part of his riches in his life-time, instead
of leaving it, as he did, to the uncertainty of a torn
codicil and the tender mercies of the law.—Cheltenham
paper.

. -
ELEPHANT SHOOTING IN COORG. —We
learn from Coorg that Lieut. M—, of the 36th Native
Infantry, who is an elephant shooter of no ordinary emi-
nence, has quitted the province en route to join, after a
rather unsuccessful campaign against those monsters of
the " leafy deep." Whilst stationed in Coorg, this officer
killed a great number of elephants, but during his late
excursion he has been less fortunate than so ardently de-
voted a disciple of St. Hubert deserves. Amongst his ad-
ventures amidst the " greenwood tree" is one, however,
worth narrating, if only to show the wonderful sagacity
of the elephant. Lieut. M—, it appears, in pursuit of
cne of these noble " sovereigns of the forest," put eight
(brass) balls successively into his game, three of which
evidently took effect iu the head ; but the animal gotut
away, though sorely hurt and bleeding in torrents;b
whilst fleeing trom his pursuers the elephant was observed
to pick up mud with his trunk, and plaister it.
the
wounded parts, clearly fir the purpose of stoppinghpimnnotlent
hemorrhage, the vital effect whereof was each
gbeacitomoifn :al. unsteady
scenes.--
united os
snore evident
atiheofslaticilocseennsif
' becoming
united Service Gazette.
the quantity of corn
SHOOTING.-oWing to
still remaining uncut, the returns of our sporting friends
no means very favourable. The best bag
Nivi acv b
he
aveee
yetn y
heard
b
of was that of .a gentleman on the
manor of Somerton,who brought home on the Ist eighteen
ahallofstanidnat il'i'etreluxu nrn aiit viing only o n
e dog,
crops of clover,
mbraaneye
baibirdssnd
were
which would otherwise have been,,brought to bag .
Sherbourne Journal.

(Iv6z/,,e,./°,

riiWt•

it4;rlr,
A 'Ai
COURT CIRCULA t.s.'
Her Royal Highness the Princess r
taken an airing by her attendants on , S•af: thy
at Claremont, and yesterday afternoon at two
o'clock. The Princess and her attendants left
Claremont for a drive in an open carriage drawn
by a pair of ponies.

r

-Hi; Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended
by Mr. George Edward Anson and Sir Edward
Bowater, passed the forenoon of Thursday shoot-
ing in Claremont Park.
In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince
Albert took an airing in a pony phveton, followed
in a carriage and four by Lady Portman, Lady
in Waiting; Hon. Misses Lister and Paget,
Maid of Honour in Waiting; and the Earl of
Listowel, Lord in Waiting; Colonel Wemyss
and Major-General Sir Edward Bowater, the
Equerries in Waiting; and General the Hon. Sir
Groom in Waiting, attending
on horseback.

The Royal Dinner party at Claremont in tl►e
evening included the Viscount and Viscountess
GGuilla►nore, and the Hon. Berkeley and Mrs.
Paget.
Yesterday morning at an early hour the Queen
and Prince Albert walked for an hour in the
grounds at Claremont.

- His Royal Highness Prince Albert afterwards
left Claremont, on a shooting excursion, attended
by Sir Edward Bowater and the Earl of Listowel.
The party returned at half-past one o'clock.
Her Majesty and Prince Albert, accompanied
by the Princess Royal, and attended by the
Royal suite, are expected to leave Ciaremont
this afternoon for Windsor Castle.
W e omitted to announce that the Earl of Ux-
bridge went to Claremont last Friday (the 3d
instant) to tender his resignation with the other
Great Officers of the Household, but his Lord-
ship's successor not having been appointed, he
officiated as Lord Chamberlain at the Council
during the proceeding of that day. On Wednes-
day last, having been summoned fur that pur-
pose, Lord Uxbridge attended at Claremont and
delivered the Key of Office to the Queen.
Her Royal. highness the Duchess of Glouces-
ter left her residence in Bagshot Park yesterday
morning for Kew, and paid a visit to the Duchess
of Cambrithre. Her Royal Highness proceed to
Kensington, and in the evening went to Cam-
bridge House.
_ .

Vie Duke of Cambridge, attended by Lieute-
nant-Colonel Jones, arrived in town yesterday
morning, from his residence at Kew. His Royal
Highness honoured the Exhibition in Suffolk-
street with a visit, and afterwards returned to
Kew.

The Right Hon. Sir Charles Bagot transacted
business yesterday at the Colonial-office.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in
town yesterday. from Cambridge.
Sir James Graham left town on Thursday
evening, .for Dorchester.
The Hon. H. Manners Sutton left town yester-
day, for Norwich.

NORTH LANCASHIRE ELECTION,

(From .the Liverpool Mercury.)
On Wednesday evening last a new writ was issued for
the Northern Division of this county, in consequence of
Lord Stanley having accepted the seals of the Foreign
Department, under the Administration of Sir Robert.
Peel. We have not yet heard of any opposition to the.
renegade Whig; and we fear that, in the present slate of
the registration, it would be unavailing were it attempted.
Neither can we imagine on what grounds, consistent with
his former professions, he can ask the electors of North
Lancashire for their suffrages, in the capacity of a sub-
ordinate of Sir Robert Peel, a man in whom, as he de-
clared but a few years ago, he felt no confiden& what-
ever. Doubtless he wilt
,enter into some sort of explana-
tion on this knotty point in his forthcoming address, for
which we look with much curiosity. In the meantime,
and for the purpose of comparison with that document
when it shalt appola-, we submit to the electors of North
Lancashire a copy of Lord Stanley's address to them
seven years ago, requesting their particular attention to
those parts of it which we have taken the liberty to mark
in italics :

TO THE ELECTORS OF THE NORTHERN DIVISION OF
TILE :COUNTY PALATINE OF LANCASTER.
Gentlemen—The expected dissolution of Parliament
being this day announced, I hasten again to offer myself
as a candidate for the honour. of representing the.
northern division of this county. My public conduct, in
office and out of office, is before you ; my political prin-
ciples are well known to you ; and my conscience tells
me that I have taken no step, since I last was honoured
with your confidence., by which I should deserve to for-
feit it.

lam, as I have ever been, a zealous and earnest advo-
cate for such riforms in our institutions, ecclesiastical as
civil, us may remove just causes of complaint, may extend
their usqfuliiess, and increase their ciliciencp ; I am, as I
have ever been, anxious to protect th Jse institutions
against such innovations as may enaanger their safety or.
their existence. I ceased to belong to the late Adminis
tration, because, having cord; ally co-operated in the.
various measures of Reform, 'which they had introduced,.
I feared the destructive tenilency of an important step
to which they had been h.:(1 to give their assent ; Ide -
dined to joint That which i new fanned, because I had !no
pullic groznals for confluence that they would boldly and
strenuously act upon these principles of .Thform which 1 •Ze-
lieve to be esssntial to he national we fare. I come bef( ere
' you, therefore, unfet.ered by any tie of party ; bay nd
only by those pri-wiples which I have unvaryingly p:ro-
fesled—on which. I have constantly/acted, and, professing
which, I have already been twice honoured with your
support. Should you again return me to Parliament, I
go thither, pledged neither to support, nor to oppose, the
present, nor any other set of Ministers. Should I find
that the King', Government, however composed, gives
full and free scope to the principles to which every day's
reflection s',rves but to confirm my attachment, shall
give they my humble but cordial aid towards carrying
them in to effect ; should I find them rashly endangering
the inn ,titutions of the country, I shall labour earnestly
to pr otect these institutions ; should I find them slow to
remedy acknowledged grievances, or madly resisting the ra-
tion,al desire of temperate improvement, my vote will be but
one among the vast majority of my countrymen who will com-
pel them to advance in the steady progress of unflinching but
Constitutional Reform.
Resolved to act on these principles; having no object,
in view but the welfare of our common country ; and.
really to offer the fullest explanation upon any part or
my past coneuct, or future intentions, which you may
deem to require it, I respectfully solicit at your hands the
renewal of the high trust which you have already twice
co nfided to me.—l have the honour to be, Gentlemen,
ye ur obliged and faithful servant,
STANLEY. NLEY.
Bewsley, December 31, 1834.

HORRIBLE MURDER AT BRIGHTON.—On
this Thursday a
town,
inf te
consequencer afternoon the
of greatestth the
discoveryex c i nie n
of
rthe s prevailedexe in
ed
head and limbs of a newly-born infant in the water-
closet of a house occupied by a lace-dealer and mil-
' liner, named Hayward, residing next door to the
o!,d Ship Tavern, on the King's-road. For some two
or • three days an abominable stench had emanated from
tl ie closet, and the works did not act with their usual
fr eedom, which occasioned the calling in of a plumber,
who, on removing the pan, found first the head, and then.
the two shoulders and arms, and part of the breast, of a
child a few hours old. Solomon, the chief officer of
police was sent for, and the remains of.ltiOaFill-fatedmt
victim of seduction were removed to the Town-
hall, where they now lie, awaiting a Coroner's in-
quest. The police have been indefatigable if their
investigations, and now suspicion attaches itself to a
,young woman who was observed by a little girl to go to
,the closet at the latter end of last week, and to remain
there a long time, since which she has not been heard of.
In the present stage of the affair it would he h1g.111Z,i;e7,4
In-opera.° give the name of the suspectedilartY r
snore especially as the Coroner's Jury
will in all probabi-
lity sit on Saturday.
RAILWAY TRAFFIC.—The following
arcthe
receipts of the principal railways for the past week,that
ras
is to say, up to the date to which the respectic
1.,0rk
are made:—Blackwall, 1,0741.; Brightel,
2
and North Midland, 1,7331 ; Hull and :5e12b.16',3
North Midland, 4,896/ ; Midland Counties, 274
1.
Birmingham and Derby, 1,1821.; South w,rrtrn
;
Great Western, 14,844/. ; Greenwich, 511.
LADY.—Thursday
SUDDEN DEATH OF A
Arms, Kennington-
famu,ngll9a,n2dl,7ll,;3sl2al.stern Counties, 907/; Band Great North
LADY.---
an inquest was held at the Clay
-the body of Mrs. Jane llearcne,ase _
d was a widow lady of
from the evidence that thedeat
No.
1, liennington oval.
independence. She resided d
,y, very g6od. About seven
oval, before Mr. Carter, Coronetr°agnfoerdstisrr.eyitonapvpieewareodf
the'l" above day she was disco-
!ecelrochkeaolnththwe•aesv,
• Verdict—" Died by the visita-
vered dead in a chair.
packet ship Hendrik Hud-
son, of God."
mt.nts of which we took occa-
tice some time back,
has departed on her first
sion to no
Toss the Atlantic, from the port of Lon-
eitiPingto of
return s out no less than 75 cabin and 235
She came
don.
being the greatest number ever
passengers,
steerage
sen,rthheveoesyfiacgieeelliliedwindtilui-111aen:cf,
; taken out to New York by any of the sailing packets
theirais-,1017 establishment. In addition to this, Captain
„n, we are told, takes out a good freight.
AWFULLY SUDDEN DEATH.—On Thurs-
day, as Mr. Edward Godfrey, a young gentleman of this
town, was on his way out of the Spa, he had not walked
more than about a mile from the town when he got up
on a car which was passing, and had only been a short
time sitting on it when he suddenly fell back and imme-
diately expired. He had been for some time previous
in a delicate state of health.—Kerry Examiner.
UNUSUAL CIRCLIAISTANCE.--It is a curious
fact that there are at the present moment two boroughs
in England, both seats for which are vacated in conse-
quence of the ex-Members having accepted office under
the new Government of Sir R. Peel. These are—l.
The borough of Huntingdon, whose late members, Sir
I.
appointed
nl ltte) cdk
Attorney
-General
J. Peel,
aeelnd Surveyor-General of
have respectively been
the Ordnance. The other borough is Marlborough, the
eßrsarifnonr., have which,
espectively been made Vice-
-I.laitoon AHI e.nßi b.Lord Ernest Bruce and the
Vice-
Chamberlain and a Lord of the Treasury. Marlbo-
rough and Huntingdon are, therefore, for a brief inter-
val, virtually placed in schedule A.
" I feel very queer about my stomach," as the
man said when the pike went through him.

EVEN ING SUN

THE CASE OF M'LEOD.

knows what his fate will be if detected ; he is paid ac-
cordingly, and never expects the protection of his Go-
vernment. Moreover, in both cases, the man is put todeath, not for the acts of mischief he commits, but for
his treason. For if an officer. clothed- in uniform, and
choosing to risk his life, enters an enemy's camp, and
trusting to his address and boldness for impunity, disco •
vers all the weak points (I have known an example), he
cannot, if taken, be injured according to the laws of war,
because he acts under lawful orders. Quarter may, in-
deed, be refused to him—the right of refusing quarter
being inherent to fighting men, but he cannot be judi-
cially executed. So a town or a magazine may be set
fire to by troops, be they few or many, stealthily or
openly. provided they are in uniform ; nay, they need,
not be in uniform, provided they do not enter the pre-
cincts of the enemy's lines as friends ; and, however
barbarous or unnecessary the act may be, it is one recog-
nised by the laws of war, and the perpetrators, if acting
under orders, cannot be legally made responsible when
taken prisoners, though quarter may be refused to them.
This is the case of the Caroline.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN MR. ROEBUCK
AND COLONEL NAPIER.

The following correspondence took place in conse-
quence of Colonel Napier having asked I+.lr. Roebuck, if
the newspapers had not misrepresented the latter's ob-
servations in the House, upon the conduct of the Ame-
rican Government in relation to :VPLeod

Bank Stock..

" London, Aug. 27, 1841.
" My dear Napier—No ! the reporters are quite ac-
urate this time, but you do not, I think, attend to the
wads used—' The American Government.' The acts of
the American Executive have been perfectly in rule, and
though the Cabinet of Mr. Tyler has chosen to adopt a
course totally opposed to that of Mr. Van Buren, there
cm no Emit be found by our Government with either.
Let me state the facts—you always bearing in mind that
the American constitution has separated the judiciary
entirely from; and made it independent of, even the Con-

greys itsei
The Caroline was burnt in the American territory
I am not now going into the question whether this was
a gross outrage on the law of nations or not. I think it
was ; but that point is not needed for my argument.
Toe American Government cemplains of this to us, and
gets no easwer either slowing or disavowing the re-
spoesibility of that net. In the meantinue M‘Leod is
arrested, and then Mr. Fox applies fhr his release, and
Mr. i2'orsyth says that he has no power to release him,
which was true, and that he had no official notice that
the ;oseeennent of England had avowed and taken upon
itself the responsibility of the act.
This neglect to answer such a demand on the part
of the United States Government justifies this answer.
Nou sort.' et, that M•Leoil did act under his superior offi-
ce:, by his commands, and with the sanction of the
Crown. The British Government at length formally
t vok upon itself the responsibility of the attack on the
Caroline, and then the American Government (changed
in the interval, however) has formally acknowledged the
principal of international law laid down by the British
Government, respecting the commands of the superior
officer and the sanction of the Government being a com-
plete protection for all the individuals employed in the
destruction of the Caroline. And the United States Go-
vernment is now proceeding by the mode which their
las‘s prescribe to the release of M‘Leod.
" Bat here begins the difficult part of the case, and all
my questions relating to it have been shirked by Lord
Palmerston, and the affair will by and by come upon the
English people with the effect of a clap of thunder, for
in my heart I believe that the American Executive are
wholly unable either physically or legally to release
lti•Leod, and my reason for so believing is this—MtLeod
is at present in the custody of the Courts of the State of
New York. lie will he tried by them, and his pardon
and release will depend, not on the Executive of the
United States, but of New York.
M‘Leod convicted. The next step will be
to move one of the Federal Courts for a mandamus to
the State Court, to send the whole proceedings by way
of appeal to the Appellate Court of the United States.
Now then begins the fight. The two great parties in
America have on this very ground fought all their great
party fights. The democratic party, with Jefferson, Madi-
son, and Munroe, and others at their head, have strenu-
ously contended for the exclusive power of the separate
States, and, especially in criminal cases, for the exclusive
jurisdiction of the States Courts. In a great cause in
Virginia a case occurred wherein the Federal Courts
claimed jurisdiction ; the Virginian Courts refused obe-
dience to the commands of the Federal Courts, and the
matter was very near coming to the arbitrament of
blows, but Mr. Justice Marshall got rid of the case by a
side-wind, and the matter dropped, the decision of the
State Court, however, being affirmed. Suppose, then,
the State Court refuses to obey the mandamus to remove
the cause. What is to be done in that case ? The Exe-
cutive must ask the Congress to take tha matter in
hand, and Congress, I fear, is not very likely to adopt
the principles lately avowed by Mr. Webster. The
authority of the great democratic leaders is still im-
mense, and in this question of the exclusive jurisdiction
of the State Courts, the feelings of the democratic party
are exceedingly excitable. Still the Executive, you see,
in this case would be powerless, and Lord Palmerston
was very careful not to answer my question, " whether
the United States Government had declared itself will-
ing and able to guarantee the safety and liberation of
M‘Leod ?"

" But both sides have put themselves so much in the
wrong, the English Whig Government on one part, and
the American people on the other, that it has become a
Gordian knot only to be cut by the sword ; that is, un-
less, what never happened yet, both sides agree to ac-
knowledge their errors and make mutual amends. For
if 11•Leod is put to death, England must avenge the
wrong or be degraded as a nation. And if the Ame-
ricans, admitting the defect in their constitution, should
proceed to remove it as offensive to civilization, that must
take tune, and England is dishonoured every hour that
she permits one of her subjects to languish in prison, in
constant fear of an ignominous death, because he obeyed
his orders as a military man. If M'Leod be acquitted,
which will happen or not, it would appear, as the power of
a certain faction predominates, his imprisonment and suf-
ferings and trial will still remain an insult to England, and
a violation of international law, based on the assumption
of a right of internal regulation at variance with com-
mon sense, because opposed to civilization. So, also, the
affair of he Caroline will remain a violation of inter•
national law on our part, mitigated, however, by the
provocation. Amends may indeed be made to Al•Leod
personally; the faulty institutions of the Americans may
be pleaded in apology to heal our wounded honour, and
the correction of the defect will give weight to that apo-
logy and afford a security for, the future; but until the
attack on the Caroline is atoned for it can hardly be ex-
pected that the Americans will remedy their faulty in-
stitutions to relieve England from the difficulty and dis-
grace brought upon her by the misconduct of her Ca-
nadian Government. War, therefore, I look upon as
certain, sooner or later. Thanks to Lord John Russell
and his celebrated Canadian resolutions!
" Yours sincerely, " W. NAPIER."

THE COUNTRY IN WHICH THE
SOBER AND INDUSTRIOUS POOR MAN IS
SURE OF A COMPETENCE.
" This was the only country," says the Duke of Wel-
lington, in the debate on the Address, " he had ever
seen, in which a poor man, if he was only sober and in-
dustrious, was sure of obtaining a competence."
In the slimmer of 1839, an American lady (Miss Sedg-
wick) paid a flying visit to England ; she travelled from
Portsmouth to London, spent a month in the capital, and
embarked at Tower Stairs for the Continent. She did
not visit the manufacturing districts, with their swarms
of unemployed operatives. She did not examine into
the condition of the paupers and stone-breakers by the
way-side, in the agricultural districts. She jaunted from
the house of one person of literary eminence to that of
another. She was a literary lion, welcomed in the salons
of the aristocracy. Her time was chiefly spent among
the comfortable and luxurious classes—flattering and
flattered—giving and receiving pleasure. She saw Eng-
land couleur de rose.
But Miss Sedgwick had the American propensity for
asking questions, and the American prejudice that the
flesh and blood of poor people is much like the flesh
and blood of their neighbours ; so she was in the
habit of stepping into such cottages as came in her
way, and talking civilly with their inmates, and learn-
ing how they lived. Here is the result of her in-
quiries :—" I greeted, en passant, a woman sitting at
her cottage window. She told me she paid for half a
little tenement and a bit of garden-ground ten pounds
(fifty dollars) rent. And, when I congratulated her on
the pleasant country, Ah,' said she, we can't live on a
pleasant country.' I have not addressed one of these
people who has not complained of poverty ; said some-
thing of the difficulty of getting work, of the struggling
for bread, which is the condition of the lower classes
here. Strange sounds these to our ears !"
And had circumstances admitted of Miss Sedgwick's
pursuing her • inquiries up through all the grades of
society, the answer would have proved one dull mono-
tonous harping on the same key. "The struggling for
bread characterises every class of English society. The
difficulty to make ends meet, the anxious looking forward
to the future, the tantalizing toil to grasp a competence
which still seems within reach, and just swings back
from the finger's point—this it is which breaks the hearts
of Englishmen of all professions, and makes them grow
wrinkled and gray before their time. We are denied
the privilege of purchasing food wherever we can get it ;
we are thus denied the privilege of availing ourselves to
the full of. our powers _of prouction. Our capital in-
creases—our tools become more perfect—our power- of
using them becomes greater every day. And the Corn-
kw renders all these blessings nugatory, converting us
into so many Midases, cursed with the power of turning
all we touch to gold, which we cannot cat. " Strange
sounds to our ears !" exclaims the American laxly, and
feels that her country, galled by the silly sneers of our
Trollopes, and Halls, and Hamiltons, has received a ter-
rible satisfaction for their affronts.
And this is. the country in which the Duke of Wel-
lington tells us every "poor man, if he is only sober and
industrious, is sure of a competence." Does the man
speak in ignorance, or heartless irony ? Does he reflect
on the danger of taunting a suffering man ? It is enough

`` But suppose that the State Court obeys the Federal
Court, and that the case is removed—what if the Apel-
late Court affirms the judgment of the State Court—can
the American Executive in this case guarantee-the safety
of Mr. i‘l'Leod ? ; certainly not.
" Our law authorities say, that the mare trial of
M'Leol after the acknowledeenent on the part of the
American Executive is an offence against the law of
nations ; and they complain of the peculiarity of the
American constitution which does not give the executive
power immediately to release him ; and they say that for
ttw comity of nations, for the peace of the civilized
world, it is necessary that such a power should be in the
hands of the American Government. On the other hand,
the great law authorities of the United States deny the
doctrine admitted by the President. They say, that
-there are cases of outrage against law and morality,
-which the sanction of no Government can justify, and
this is one of them. You do not, for example, hang
prisoners of war, but you hang a spy ; and noprotection
~rrsantionon the part of a Government is able to save a
spy. So when two nations are at peace a murder can-
liot be justified. Suppose England to send a secret agent
to New York, giving him .directions secretly to fire the
town, he is caught and produces his authority. In this
ease ought any avowal or sanction on the part of our
Government to save him ? They isay not ; and I confess
lam much of their opinion. The reason of my men-
tioning this, is to show you why I think there is great
reason ao be apprehensive of the result. I see no way
for the American executive to get out of the diffioulty if
the judiciary go against them ; and I see great reason
to believe that the judiciary will deem the act of killing
Durfee one that cannot be justified, and that the party
killing cannot be protected by any commands or sanction.
or our Government. But to return to my first position.
The American Executive is in no way to blame. If
any censure is to fail on anything or person, it ought to
be on the omission, now for the first time discovered, in
the American Constitution. The complication of the
great question of international law, respecting the pro-
tection that may be afforded to a subject by the com-
mands of his Sovereign, through the perplexing difficul-
ties arising out of the peculiarities of the American Con-
stitution, is a serious evil ; one which our countrymen
do not appreciate, and about which they are too apt to
speak with all the arrogance which ignorance always pro-
duces. The settlement of the relative powers of the
States Governments and that of the United States has
been and ever will be the most difficult task for the
statesmen of America. The difficulty met them at the
outset of their existence as a nation, and the wonder has
ever been how it was possible f.,r Washington and the
men who acted with him, so for to conciliate the jarring
interests and feelings of separate State:, in 1783-84, as
to produce so extraordinary, so wonderful a compromise
as the present Constitution of America. Made at once,
made to suit many prejudices, and many interests, it
necessarily contains faults, emiiihits omissions of great
moment; but, nevertheless, possesses a vital power of
amendment that must, I think, add to its gradual
improvement. And the fault which I have here pointed
out will, among the rest, be soon quickly amended. In
the meantime, I am anxious t- prevent any outbreak on
the part of our ignorant •A ho know nothing-
of the difficulties I am speaking of, but who are quite
ready for a row, if everything is cot done to their lilting
at once and completely. If we are calm, firm, and flee-
bearing, I hope and trust that no harm may eventually
happen ; but I cannot avoid perceiving that the Ameri-
can Executive has before it a very difficult and very dan-
gerous obstacle to meet and conquer. We should do all
that we can to assist them in their strait ; and not by
hasty, rash, and harsh langaage to obstruct, perhaps ut-
iterlv frustrate, them- good intentions.. .
Yours most sincerely, "J. A. ROEBUCK"

to awaken the wolf within a man's -heart who, in spite of
the utmost exertions of his talents and industry, sees
himself still coming short of what is necessary for the sup-
port of himself, his wife, and babes, to be told that in his
country industry is sure to win a competence, rand this
be made the pretext for upholding the law which renders
his " struggle for bread" unavailing. It is the talk of
men like the Duke of Wellington, talk hardly less heart-
less of the result of not inquiring than of the result of
a pre-determined misrepresentation of the truth, that is
rapidly giving a fiercer and more savage tone to the
spirits of those who are labouring to get rid of the Corn-
law. The aristocracy have of late years been teaching
us a terrible lesson. They have refused everything to
reason, and nothing to intimidation. Year after year
the claims of the Catholics were urged by argument in
vain. The Clare election carried it at once. Year after
year Parliamentary Reform, the smallest dribblet of it,
was prayed for without effect : the unions and open air
meetings carried the Reform Bill. In vain men show the
evils of the Corn-law ; in vain, by every device they can
think of, they seek to move the callous hearts that up-
held it ; they are beginning to think Corn-law repeal
can only be had by the means that carried Catholic
Emancipation and the Reform Bill. And this is the
moment selected by the old man, who, whatever lie may
F. have once been, has shrivelled into " the lean and slip-
pered pantaloon," prating Cuurt gossip about births of
princesses, and regal private tutors, to irritate hungry
moil by sneering misrepresentation of their condition.
It is enough to raise the moody laugh of despair to
hear this stategman maintain that every industrious man
in this country is sure of a competence, because he heard
" last week of an instance of a poor man acquiring " im-
mense riches." With his Grace one swallow makes a
summer. He will next tell us, on the strength of • his
having outlived most of those who started in life with
him, that nothing is so well calculated to insure long life
as riding about cecasionally among showers of cannon
, balls. This comparison may sound like levity, but it is
the levity that flows from bitterness of heart. Injustice
is hard to bear, but mockery superadded is beyond the
• power of human endurance.—Anti-Bread-tax Circular.
(We must take the liberty of adding that the Duke of
Wellington prefaced the remark quoted with some lan-
guage like the following : •
"'He had in the course of his life been in various
-countries in different parts' of the world, and had oppor-
tunities of• knowing the circumstances of the various
classes of their inhabitants ; but in his whole experience,
Enelaud was the only country," &c.
Novrttie•Delte hes, we believe, no experience whatever
of America. He has been in India, Spain, France,
Germany, Russia, Italy, and Ireland.; and in nearly all
of them industry is as hardly treated as in England.
Even if the Duke was in error, he did but express an
opinion or prejudice which was very common in Eng-
land. Was the country not heretofore lauded to the
skie.; as the only place in the world where a labourer
could rise to be a man of fortune ? Certainly. If that
ever were the case, things are now wofully changed ;
but knowing the existence of the prejUdice, and making
the limitation with which the Duke expressed his opi-
nion, .it did not strike us, though it has several of our
Contemporaries, as being extremely absurd.—ED. Sun.]

" August 28, 1341.
-my, dear Roebuck—Your view of the N'Leod, or
,rathr of the American, question, is clear enough as
-re,rards the general Government, up to the point it
ico.ch.2d. No doubt the American Government
hae been, and is still, hampered by great difficulties;
no doubt citation and forbearance , are, alike called
for by reason and by hunumity. But do not these
difficulties spring
from the iii-understood notions of
lib.irty entermined by the Americans themselves? They
„a that to do whatever is agreeable or pro-
oeem to - -
s libert and
stable to themselves y, make that word the
wrong to others. But there are in
• , of any iistiticattoa
ni as solid grounds for restricting the
justice and roa.(
liberty of nations fur the. benefit of the world at large, as
fin, the liberty of individuals for
there are fur restrie-r. t• • ,
•-•tates, red:muting the decision of
good' if the '1
nevertheless assume exclusive
:national quntions, ( 0
powers, when placed by their own acts in collision with
jite:,/ Sovereign States, and
foreign nations, they are.ile
leafteleof independent
their union must be considered it
I world, as not
nations, offensive towards th.!rest -
holding themselveS amenable to the common general law,
offering no security for
good beha. nor any fined
point upon which a suitor for national justice can tale
:ground for negotiation. Such a
bandon it or bear
league can only be up-
:sheld by force; .he Americans must a •
the brunt of war, with the odium of
civilized
being .a barbarous
community, whose destruction or subjection to
international customs is absolutely necessary to the well-
being of the world. For if their general Government . . is
;by the institutions of their country rendered pow s
erles •
tto amend wrongs to foreigners, they can only take rank
'with the barbarous Moorish piratical States.
" There is, you say, an amending principle in
the
American constitution, which will, if we are firm and
tentnerate, correct this anomaly. This is scarcely to be
doubted, although as yet. that vital principle has not
been raanif.2sted ; but to stimul:tto its action, a volun-
tary and eoraplete zpolta,y' :ihould be I :.I;:red by our
,Government for the attack on the Caroline, which can-
noi, be justified, though the prove, oation may be honestly
pletu..cd. Bot if, meanwhile. the anomaly in the Ame-
rican constitution leads to the t xecution of ri`Leod, is
England to bear the insult? to proclaim herself
no longer able or willing to protect her subjects front
vonishment when they have nifty obeyed her orders—
lawful orders to them, though unlawfutin their Govern-
ment ? I cannot conceive a greater degradation I The
transaction would be one of cowardly cruelty on the part
of the Americans, of cowardly submission on the part of
England.
" The case of a spy, or an incendiary, is not, I think,
in point. The spy goes disguised ; he takes advantage
of the civilized hospitality of the one -
my to mix amongst
his people he lives with them ; he calls himself their
and, de facto, he is for the
friend, a fellow-sul)jeot,
time being their fellow-subjecq. lie is then a traitor
to them, and meets a traitor's ocath. The incendiary
is in the same predicament. The law of nations in these
cases is known and admitted without dispute. The spy,
or inceadiary, knows what he is going to do ; he cannot
he ordered upon such a service ; he is only tempted ; he

THE WEATHER AND TIIE HARVEST.—
The operations of the harvest received a severe check
yesterday, in a heavy rain, which commenced on Tues-
day night, and continued till yesterday afternoon. The
reap2rs were of course
.prevented from working. To-
wards night it cleared up again. In the immediate
neighbourhood of the city, the crops are nearly all cut
down, and a great portion of them secured ix the barn-
yard ; but in the upland districts they are not so far ad-
vanced, and only patches here and there have been cut
down ; however, they are ripening apace, and no appre-
hensions are entertained for their eventual safety.—
_rdinburgh Courant.
A Vienna Correspondent writes—" The section of the
,eror Feldinand's railroad, which runs between
:b and Alt Preran in Bohemia is opened. Its
German, about 25 English miles. Thus

E;ni
itr:vlest

extent

Geramn, or 109 English miles, of this
road arc completed. On the 29th ultimo pas-
,wrers left Vienna at six in the morning, went to Alt
-nd arrived back again by nice in the evening,
sue a journey of 62 German or 216 English
uffies in is hours, but deducting the time spent in stop-
nae-es not n!oro than 10 hours' travelling. Alt Prerau is
a strikinp; instance of the benefit this railroad has occa-
sioned. Previous to its commencement the town had
scarcely 9GO inhabitants, and now it reckons npvvards of
3,200.

I'rer:ut,
having

[ADVERTISEMENT.]
Rowland's Kalydor is a balmy and odoriferous
creamy liquid—the most mild, safe, yet efficacious pre-
paration ever known for dissipating sun-burns, tan,
pimples, freckles,
skin ; composed chiefly from extracts of the most rare
and cutaneous disfigurements of the
flowers and herbs of an eastern clime ; its discovery by
a lady of rank was no less singular than its effects have
been felicitous during the last twenty years. Perse-
verance in the use of Rowland's Kalydor is the only
known means, where nature has denied her bounty, of
obtaining a beautifully clear and fair skin, tinged with a
roseate hue.

SECOND
h,l
1.1,1 I

THE FUNDS-(CLOSING PRICES%)

BRITISH FUNDS.
India Stock

3 per Cent Red ... Ditto Bonds 3pm
3 per Cent Cons B9i Ditto Old Annuities ...
3} per Cent Red..
New 3i per Cent W,- Ex. Bills, 1,000/....21d 14 pm
New 5 per Cent — Ditto 5001 l4 pm
Long Annuities to expire Ditt ' Small l5
Jan. 1860 ... Bank Stock for 0pg....
Oct 1859. — India Stock for Acct...

Jan. 1860. Consols for Acct 9oi
FOREIGN FUNDS.

Austrian, 5 per cent.... 'Portuguese, 5 per cent
Belgi.n, 5 per cent...... IDit to, New Ditto
Brazilian 80nd5.......... IPrussian, 5 per cent —
Buenos Ayres, 6 per cent -- Russian, 5 per cent
Chilian, 6 per cent 704 'Ditto, Metallic
Colombian, 6 per cent... 201 j Spanish, 5 per cent
Ditto, 1824. —i Ditto, Deferred . 104

Danish, 3 per cent,
Greek, 18-45, 5 per cent —
Mexican, 5 per cent.
Ditto, 6 per cent, 1625
Peruvian, 1525, 6 per et.

'French, 5 per cent. —f.
lExchange —f. c.
!French, 3 per cent —f. —e
Dutch, 2 per cent. ... 514
!Ditto, 5 per cent

SiIARES _
Cheltenham and Great Western (64 paid) 17
Great Western Railway (65 paid) 79
Ditto New Shares (50 paid s4i
Ditto Fifth (4 paid)
Gosport Junction Railway (50 pd)
London and Brighton (50 paid) 464
London and Blaekwall Railway (25 paid)... 10i
London and Birmingham Railway (90 pd)
Ditto Quarter Shares ( 5 paid) .. 24
London and South Western
London and Croydon Railway (Trunk) l3
York and North Midland Railway (50 paid)
Ditto New Shares (15 paid) ......... ..... 254

EXPRESS FROM FALMOUTH.

LISBON, SEPT. 6, FOIJR O'CLOCII, P.M.

„op will first agonise her with grief and then I
convulse her with rebellion.” Beware of Ireland, was
their constant cry; she requires a strictly impartial
Government, as the condition of her allegiance to the
British' Crown—and that you, surrounded as you are
with red hot Orangemen, cannot offer or guarantee her.
Well, like all the other vast difficulties, that presented
by Ireland is no sooner approached than it is found to
have dwindled down into the merest insignificance ; Ire-
land presents to a Conservative Administration no
peculiar danger or difficulty whatever. Well, Ireland
shares the fate of the rest of the empire. Thursday last
saw the final extinction of her darling Whig Govern-
ment ; and Yet as we learn from our Irish Contempora-
ries, she continues as geen and as gay and her people
as blithesome, andloyal as ever. The procession which co:-
ducted EarlFortescue to the grave of his Vice- regal autho-
rity is described to us as a most melancholy one in every
sense of the term ; the mourners were lamentably few,
the mere hangers-oti about Dublin Castle, but their
grief was unaffectedly profound. No more job-appoint-
ments—no more showering of places of emolument and
trust on hungry Whig Barristen, to the exclusion of the
worth and eminence of the profession—no more lip-
denunciation of repeal and soothing rewards for re-
pealers. WaS not this sufficient to convulse Ireland
from the Giant's Causeway to Cape Clear ? and yet
despite all these incentives to grief and avenge-
ment she seems wonderfully placid and tranquil. One
thing we may, therefore, safely predicate—there will be
no rebellion in Ireland this time. A heavy blow and great
discouragement that to the prophets of the Whig press,
as to the leaders of the threaWned opposition. Ireland,
it now appears certain, as far as the opponents of his
Government are concerned, has ceased to be a formidable
difficulty in Sir Robert Peel's path ; nay, their tone
has recently been greatly modified ; they no longer
speak of his Government in the furious accents of de-
fiance—and such are his Irish appointments, that even
Mr. O'Connell himself, with all his ingenuity and all
his unscrupulousness, can scarcely find cause to quarrel
with them. The moment we were assured of Earl de
Grey's appointment to the Viceroyship, and of Lord
Eliot's to the Secretaryship, the confidence we before
felt, that a Conservative Government had nothing to fear
as regarded Ireland, was strengthened into conviction.

The Parliamentary debates during the past week have
been still on the taxing projects of the Government. A
Bill for revoking the decree of the 16th of January,
1837, whereby a bounty, or differential duty of 15 per
cent., was granted in favour of the national flag, occu-
pied three sessions, and its principle was admitted
after a very stormy debate on Saturday by a majority
of 36 votes, 74 members only being present. The Mer-
cantile Association of Lisbon presented a petition nume-
rously signed against this revocation, and a deputation
from this body waited upon the Opposition ; others of the
same tendency were sent from Oporto, Caminlia, Fi-
guera, Lagos, and St. Übes, whilst one respectably,
though less numerously signed, praying for its annul-
ment, was got up by some merchants of this city, and
also presented to the Legislative Assembly. To-day
will commence its discussion by sections ; and it is
thought an amendment, proposed by M. Oliveira
Borges, to lower the rate of duty from 15 to 8 per cent.
is likely to be approved of, notwithstanding the known
objection of Government to such a measure. Ministers
have presented a plan to the Cortes for thd re-organiza-
tion of the National Guard, which is to be composed of
two divisions, active and stationary ; in the first, to
be enlisted, under a certain census or payment of taxes,
persons from the age of twenty to forty years, and the
second, of from forty to sixty. The officers are to be
chosen by the Government from among those who,
from the elections of their comrades may have a
superiority of votes. Upon some question arising in
the Chambers relative to the alarming increase of the
Guerillas in the Algarve, and their maintaining a serions
political character, lately augmented by Miguelite parti-
Sans from Lisbon as well as Italy, the Ministers of War
and Foreign Affairs, in admitting this fact, stated the want
of military force, and more especially the means for car-
rying on any further active operations. The latter Mi-
nister also mentioned, that the Spanish Envoy at this
Court had made, by order of his Government, an offer
of troops to co-operate for the extirpation of these ban-
dits, who infest both countries indiscriminately. Two
regiments, the 7th Infantry and 2d Caga;lores, are about,
it is said, to march this garrison for the Alemtejo. A
few days since, two daring marauders, brothers, Antonio
de Mello and Joze de Aiello, were mortally wounded in
an intrepid resistance in Monte das Assumados against
a detachment of the Queen's troops.
Contrary to general expectation the Marquis de Sal-
danha will, in a very short time, proceed to Vienna as
Plenipotentiary to the Austrian Court. The Noble Mar-
quis goes via Madrid. intrusted with a secret mission for
that Governmeut, which, it is understood, is to endeavour
to prevail upon it to do away with the strong Spanish
Cordon so recently stationed on the frontiers to prevent
British goods being passed into Spain.
The launching of the line-of-battle ship Vasco da
Gama on the 2d instant, at which their Majesties and
Court attended, afforded an interesting spectacle. The
French war corvette Idianna and the British brig, Es-
poir came Up, and anchored off the arsenal, in which
place, as well as on the river, thousands of individuals
assembled. The novelty of such an event (not often oc-
curring in Lisbon), together with the anxiety of all classes
to render eclat to this new ocean child, produced a scene
which for brilliancy and effect is not often witnessed
here upon such occasions. Her Majesty the Queen has
been graciously pleased to decorate Lieut. Polton, cozn-
lnanding the Espoir, with the order of Cavalleiro of the
Tbwoi-'und Sword Loyalty and Merit ; and two Lieute-
nants of the French corvette Coquette, with the order of
Christ, for their efficient services rendered at the fire on
the 2d ult. at the Thesouro Velho.

SUNDERLAND.—CoIoneI Thompson has left
town for Sunderland, for the purpose of canvassing the
electors. There are, we understand, two Tories in the
field, Mr. W. Attwood and Lord Dungannon.—Durham
Chronicle.

SUNDERLAND ELECTIUNe—.Just at the time
of going to press we have learnt that Lord Howie]: has
consented to offer himself as a candidate for Sunderland.
His Lordship al-rives this morning, and will addres:i the
electors at noon. We trust the Noble Lord will meet
with that enthusiastic reception which he so justly de-
serves.—Sunderland Hera].

We regret to announce the death of the Mar-
chioness of Bute, which took place yesterday at Walmer
Beach. Her Ladyship was in the forty-eighth year of
her age. Her Ladyship before her marriage was the
Lady Maria North, eldest daughter and co-heir of the
third Earl of Guildford. The deceased Marchioness had
no issue.

Several Members of the Cabinet had interviews
with Sir Robert Peel this morning at Whitehall. The
Right Hon. Baronet was visited in the course of the day
by several influential Members of the Conservative party.
Sir Edward Sugden's appointment as Irish
Chancellor will probably appear in Tuesday night's
Gazette Mr. Blackburn will be Attorney-General for
Ireland_ The Solicitor-Generalship bas been offered to
Mr. Pennefather, but as that gentleman is out of town
(at Totteridge) his determination is not yet known.—
Evening Paper.

FROM LAST NiGRT'S GAZETTE.

OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, SEPT. S.

Royal Regiment of Artillery—Second Capt. R. Tomkyn Ito
be Captain, vice Ord, retired on half-pay ; First Lieut. R. R.
Fisher to be Second Captain, vice Tomkyns ; Second Lieut.
G. J. Wyatt, to be First Lieutenant, vice Fisher, Sept. 2.
Corps of Royal Engineers—First Lieutenant R. J. Nelson
to be Second Captain, vice Du Plat, seconded ; Second Lieu-
tenant G. Sorell to be First Lieutenant, vice Nelson, Sept. 1.

On Monday last sentence of death was passed upon
the hideous assassin, Francisco de Mallas Labo, who,
however, has yet two appeals, one to the Court of Ces-
sation (Relacao), the other 'to the Supreme Tribunal of
Justice ; his execution is therefore not likely to take
place for some time to come.

- Exchange upon London at 30 days' sight, 53id. to
54d. per milrei.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
(Fmom Tim EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.);
GLOBE.—The Times takes twenty years as the pro-
bable duration of the Conservative Ministry, while we
should be sorry to give much more than twenty weeks'
purchase to the present holders of office for the whole of
their prospective salaries. We are greatly puzzled to know
the data upon which our Contemporary has come to the
result he has announced; for if he had only fairly followed
the rules of Cocker--if he had taken the new Cabinet as
a given number—if he had divided it, as it is doomed
to be divided, by Ireland and the Corn-laws—if
he had multiplied by other embarrassments, added
universal distrust, and subtracted national confidence—
if he had remembered that while some twenty or thirty
go into place, there are necessarily about eight or nine
times that number remaining over—he would, we
think, by adopting all these arithmetical rules, conic
to the general result that twenty weeks is much more
likely than twenty years to be the extent of existence
enjoyed by the Conservative Government. Buethough,
like the witch in the fairy tale, we utter a fatal
prediction over the birth of the Tory Cabinet, we
will atone for our malice by foretelling to the newly-
born Opposition a career of speedy success and perma-
nent prosperity. It is amusing to observe the perti-
nacity with which the would-be-ministerial and hope-
to-be-official organs of the press are proclaiming
the perfect unanimity of,the Tory party, which is said
to be in as compact a condition as any " bundle of
sticks" within the dominions of her Majesty. We
do not think it necessary to revert to the incipient
dif'erences that have already begun to show them-
' selves in Conservative quarters„ We do not mean to
pat on the back either of the litigant parties, in whom
we are happy to observe the commencement of a
large developement of the organ of combativeness,
which we trust, for the good of the nation, will ulti-
mately lead to the same extraordinary result as that
which attended the quarrel of the two Kilkenny cats,
where the devouring of one by the other is said to have
been quite reciprocal. The Irish disagreement among
the Tories is only the beginning of the end—it is the
first jarring note of the discord that is about to ensue,
and we shall watch its progress with but trifling interest,
because we foresee the result almost with certainty. •
STANDARD.—AIbeit not much accustomed to any
community of feeling with the Whig-Radical party, we
must at the moment sympathise with the resentment .pro-
yoked by Sir Robert Peel's taciturnity as to his proposed
' financial arrangements. It would be the most convenient
thing in- the world for us, who must write upon some topic
six days of the week, to have questions of so much interest
as the arrangement necessarily involves to pull to pieces
or to re-compose according to fancy, and to anticipate
their fate in Parliament. As it is, the Whig-Radical
journals have a decided advantage over us : they have a
Ministry to abuse. For us, our game has been run down—
the slain vermin affords no more sport. "Execution has
been done upon Cawdur," and " we war not with the
dead." Doubtless we have before us those two pro-
mising topics, the Corn-laws and the wrongs of the
O'Connellites—topics that seem to be now as little
capable of exhaustion as they were 25 years ago,
when Mr. Moore pleasantly and prophetically sung of
" Eternal Corn and Catholics ;" thus proving his double
title to the name of Yates. • But the themes that never
end are not always the " themes that never tire." We
and our readers are threatened with enough of " Corn
and Catholics" for the rest of our lives, and we may all
like a little rest from them for the remaining five days
of the recess. We say that " Corn and Catholics" are
to haunt us fur the rest of our lives, and we say
the
it
upon the evidence of experience. Twelve years ago
Catholic question" was, we were told, set at rest for
ever, and here we have it at the end of the twelve
years as fresh and green as in its infancy at the end
of the last century. Mr. O'Connell would have a trope
upon the last epithet. We invite his attention to it.
If, then, the Catholic question has for twelve years sur-
vived the time when, if it had been a decent and reason-
able sort of Catholic question, it ought to have " parted
in peace," why may not the Corn question manifestia
like perverse vivaciousness ? Analogy tells us that if the
Corn-laws were absolutely repealed in 1841, we must still
expect " a Corn question" in 1853 : it may be in the
shape of a proposed penalty upon the growth of wheat, or
a bounty upon the import of foreign grain, or perhaps
a disfranchisement of the agricultural classes, for
which, indeed, their condition of universal pauperism,
after 12 years, or much less, of a free corn trade, will
afford a very sufficient reason. The corn question and
the Catholic question come of a family too long-lived for
any of the existing generation to hope to survive them--
they are the children of perverse rapacity and factious
discontent ; the parents are all but immortal, and it is' to
be feared that such will prove the progeny.

COURlER.—Numerous and vast were the difficulties
which the overheated imagination of faction had con-
jured up, as the unavoidable accompaniments of Sir
Robert Peel's accession to power ; but of all, • the
chief and greatest was Ireland. " What can.
Sir Robert Peel do with Ireland" was the ques-
tion with which Whig-Radicals of every class de-
lighted to puzzle, if not affright their opponents.
" Displace the Whigs—rob Ireland of so precious a trea-
sure as she esteems the Whig Government to be, and

THE S!IN, LONDON, SATURDAY; SEPTEMBER 11, Is4l.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
SECONDARIES' COURT. Sept. 10.
(Before Mr JAMES and a Common Jury.)
TAYLOR V. ALVAREZ.

This action, the trial of which occupied above eight
hours, was brought by Mr. George Taylor against
Joseph Alvarez, to recover a balance of 191. for Portu-
guese prize-money.
Mr. C. Jones appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Hog-
gins for the defendant.
The circumstances of the case may be thus briefly
stated :—The plaintiff was a seaman in the service of
the Queen of Portugal in 1833, and served on board the
Don Pedro, under Captain Napier, in the month of
July, in that year, when the Miguelite fleet was cap-
tured. The plaintiff had been paid two sums of 81. by
an agent of Mr. Mendizabel at Portsmouth, but falling
into distress, he borrowed some money of a navy agent,
named Neck, and made an assignment of the remainder
of his prize-money, amounting to 231. over to that per-
son. The plaintiff's attorney and Captain Dillon, whose
claim against the British Government had so often been dis-
cussed in Parliament, afterwards called upon the defendant,
j who requested them to leave Taylor's papers with him.
and if they were right he promised to pay within a few
days. Ile subsequently, however, refused to pay the ba-
lance of prize-money to any but Taylor, and that person
being at sea, the present action was brought for 191.,
in order to save the expense of trying the case in a su-
perior Court. The defendant, it was proved, was the
I cousin of Mendizabel.

For the defence, it was contended, that the Jury
would not be justified in relying upon admissions stated
to have been made by the defendant to the plaintiff's
attorney and his friend Captain Dillon, particularly 113
those admissions not only went to fix the liability upon
the defendant, but actually assumed the plaintiff's right
to bring this action. It was further urged that there
was no proof of the plaintiff being entitled to the prize-
money, or, in fact, of his existence, and the action was
characterised as a speculative one to obtain costs.
The SECONDARY having summed up, the Jury retired,
and at eight o'clock entered the Court with a verdict for
the defendant.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, Sept. 10.
(Before Mr. Commissioner HOLROYD.)
IN THE MATTER OF J. CLEMENTSON.

The bankrupt carried on very extensive business as
a tea-dealer, general grocer, &c., in Thames-street, and
this was the day fixed for his final adjourned examina-
tion ; but, as we have before stated, in consequence of
his being placed in a lunatic asylum he was unable to
attend the Court. A few additional proofs were ad-
mitted without any opposition. The debts and liabilities
are very heavy, but the creditors are few in number, and
it is supposed that there are sufficient assets to meet the
demands against the estate.
The very unusual circumstance in this case of the
bankrupt not having been able to surrender to his fiat in
consequence of his. insanity, and from the melancholy
continuance of the same cause, being unable to appear in
person to pass his final examination, it was adjourned to
a future day.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
BOW-STREET.

The person who was brought forward on Friday as
bail for Mr. Bankes having been objected to, Mr. Jar-
dine instructed Inspector Pearce, of the A division, to
apprehend Mr. Bankes again. The inspector accord-
ingly took Mr. Bankes into custody, and he was con-
veyed to the New Hummums Hotel, Covent-garden (in-
stead of the cells behind the Court), where he remained
until his presence was required in the Court.
In the afternoon, Mr. Bodkin, the barrister, and Mr.
Steele and Mr. Gregory, solicitors, attended in behalf of
Mr. Bankes.

John Smith, a tailor, residing at No. 17, Tavistoek-
street, Covent-garden, having offered himself as bail,
was sworn and examined by Mr. Jardine. He stated
that he was a housekeeper, and lived at his house in
Tavistock-street.

Mr. JARDINE—Have you a family and servants there?
Mr. Smith—My family live there ; I have one servant.
Mr. JARDINE—What rent do you pay ? Mr. Smith-
-541. a year.
Mr. JARDINE—And have you paid all your rent?
Mr. Smith—Yes.

Mr. JARDINE—Have you all your receipts? Mr.
Smith—No; I did not think it would be necessary.

Mr. JARDINE mentioned the receipts he wished pro-
duced, and Mr. Smith went and fetched them and handed
them to the Magistrate, who expressed himself perfectly
satisfied with them.

Mr. Bodkin—You are worth 1001. after payment of all
your debts? Mr. Smith—Yes.
Mr. JARDINE—This seems to me sufficient. Mr. Smitli
will now enter into his recognizances. You are willing,
Mr. Smith, to become bail? Mr. Smith—Oh, certainly.
Mr. Bodkin said he understood, that in consequence of
some misunderstanding respecting the bail, the Magis-
trate had given instructions that Mr. Bankes should
again be taken into custody.
Mr. JARDINE—Yes.

Mr. Bodkin—Then I suppose you will discharge him
now? Mr. JARDINE—Yes, I will discharge him on seeing
him. He must be brought in.
Inspector Pearce was accordingly -despatched for Mr.
Bankes, who minable() 01 the New Hurnmums in tha cus-
tody of another officer, and in a few minutes he brought
him into Court. Mr. Pearce handed the Magistrates'
warrant to the Court, and stated that he apprehended
the prisoner upon that warrant.
Mr. Sneezum, sen., accompanied by his solicitor, then
presented himself to Mr. Jardine.
The solicitor said that Mr. Sneezum had come forward
for the purpose of denying the assertions made by his
nephew on Thursday (the particulars of which we pub-
lished yesterday).
Mr. JARDINE said he would have nothing further to do
with the matter.
The Solicitor—The statement is false from beginning
to end.

Mr. Sneezum—Totally false. My nephew is an un-
certificated bankrupt, and has nothing whatever to do
with the business except as my servant.
The Solicitor—You merely employed him from motives
of charity ? Mr. Sneezum—Yes, to keep him from
starving.
The Solicitor—And you mean to discharge him? Mr.
Sneezum—Yes, immediately.
The solicitor produced a large packet of documents in
proof of the statement which lie wished to read, but
Mr. Jn.RDINE said—You have another object in view
in taking this course. You are now addressing yourself
to other persons, and not to me. Whatever disputes
have arisen between Mr. Snaezum and his nephew must
be settled between themselves elsewhere, and not here.
I will not allow this Court to be made the means of get-
ting reports surreptitiously into the newspapers, to an-
swer priv.ate purposes, which is evidently your object.
You have been addressing yourself to those gentlemen
(alluding to'the reporters), and not to the Court. I have
not the least reason to complain of them, because they
have a right to r, port everything that takes place here.
There is no question before me now, and I can hear no
more of the matter.

Mr. Sueezum—May I be allowed to ask a question ?
Mr. JAUDINE—No ; I have nothing morn to do with it.
The subject then dropped.

Q UEEN-SQUARE.

Yesterday Bridget Driscoll, a poor woman, who sells
fruit in the neighbourhood of Whitehall, was placed at
the bar, charged with appropriating to hell own use a W.
note, w hich she on Wednesday last found in the street,
and which turned out to be the property of Mr. Richard
Hall, s 1 boot and shoe-maker, residing at No. 9, Greek-
street, Soho.

Inspector Moran, of the B division, stated, that in con-
sequence of information which he had received from the
complainaht, he proceeded to the lodging of the defend-
ant, in. Laundry-yard, Peter-street, Westminster, and on
questioning her, she at once admitted that she had on
Wednesday found a 5/. note on the foot-pavement
in Whitehall, and not knowing what it was she show-
ed it to a shopkeeper in Westminster, who told her
its valtiei, and advised her to say 'nothing about it, at
the same time offering to give her a sovereign for
it. She refused to accept his offer, and he then told
her she,„could get it changed at any shop over thnwater,
by purkihasing such articles as she wanted, and if ques-
tioned, she had better give a false name and address.
She accordingly went to Gotha-house, Westininster-road,
where sate purchased a pair of blankets and some other
articles, giving, as.shg, had been advised to do, a. falsfi
name ar.d address. She eroduced" 18s., which she said
was all that remained of the money, having lost a soye-,
reign, and expended the rest in a manner which she
could nut account for. He proceeded to Gotha-house,
and fouLd the note to be that lost by Mr. Hall's servant
on the clay in question.
Mr. _Hall came forward, and said that he did not wish
to be pit to the trouble of prosecuting, and would there-
fore feel satisfield on receiving the money found, and the
purchased articles from the defendant's' lodgings.
The poor woman, in her defence, stated that she was
a widow, and in great distress, and thought herself
lucky in finding a sum of money, which would enable
her to pi .ocure some warm covering for the winter.
Mr. (.4 REGORY acceded to the complainant's offer, and
the defendant was discharged.

Jusr IN TIME.—On Thursday last, the wife
of Eben: Vanning, orderly at Coatbridge, proceeded to
the Summerlee cut of the Monkland Canal, for the pur-
pose of drawing a pailful of water, when she overba-
lanced leerself and tumbled in. A crowd soon collected
to the ;roman's rescue, but only one individual dashed
into the- water, and caught her cap as she rose to the sur-
face, witihout effecting anything else. The poor woman's
case was now considered hopeless by the bystanders,
when th( y thus saw the man who had strived to save her
quitting the scene of her struggles. At this moment
another individual, who had mingled in the crowd, came
forward to lend his assistance, without being aware of
the object; struggling for life ; and as the woman rose
for the Aiael time to. the surlhce, he rushed wildly into
the water,- exclaiming, " It's my wife!" and the next in-
stant he bad the unspeakable joy of catching and carry-
ing her, • more dead than alive, to the opposite bank,
where, 1.);.i timely attention, the woman gradually reco-
covered. About twelve months ago the same Eben Van-
ning seined a young girl's life under similar circum-
stances, s.t the same cut of the canal, but the pleasure
of doing that generous deed was evanescent, in compa-
rison wits I his more recent, but immeasurebly prouder
triumph of saving the life of his wife.—Giesgew Consti-
tutional.
RA.III:.SEY.—For several weeks it has been re-
ported titat a hobgoblin, or ghost, has been seen-re-
peatedly in a field of wheat at Forty-feet Bridge, be-
longing to ) Mr. Berridge ; and several have visited the
place to 'b ehold the unearthly being, and come away
frightenrs I at the image their superstitious and disor-
dered bra in has conjured up, and have treated with
scorn thol e who tried to show them their folly. None
had the w, isdom to examine minutely what they saw, and
endeavour to go near and touch it ; but, like cowards,
kept at a respectful distance from Mr. Ghost.—Cant-
bridge AA .ertiser.