The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-02 00:00:00

the - manure, has led,- with the same amount of la-
bour, to produce three bushels of wheat where before
only two were grown. In these and all similar cases a
.greater quantity. of useful things is produced at a less cost,
and that leSs cost or cheapness is a universal blessing
But there is a second source of cheapness which makes it
of a different character. Cheapness is sometimes caused
by the want of a market for produce. One commodity is
changed for another. If, therefore, while the manufactu-
rers are _finding out new processes to manufacture cheaply,
the agrieu!turists be prevented from growing corn to ex-
change for their productions, there will be a want of a
market for them, and their cheapness falling below
the cost of production • will be a great evil. That
kind of cheapness can be only temporary, and is
caused by a stop being put to the production of those
articles for which there is no market. When we fail
to distinguish between permanent cheapness, the result cf
lessened cost, and temporary cheapness, the result of the
want of a market, we continually fall into mistake.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.

CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

We have the arrival of a Brazil mail this morning by her
Majesty's packet Magnet, as well as a packet from Mexico by
the Pigeon ; the former mail having about 30,0001. on freight,
and the latter 1,115,000/. in dollars, part of which, to the
amount of 9,8:/8 dollars, is for the Mexican dividends. The
Magnet sailed from Rio Janeiro May 7, Bahia May 15, and
Pernambuca May 21 : the Pigeon sailed from Vera Cruz
May 3, Tampico May 8, and Havannah May 27.

LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, Jinx I.—The business
in the Cotton Market to-day has been animated, and the de-
mand for the trade still continues brisk. The sales are 5,000
bales, to consumers.

LIVERPOOL SHARE_MARKET, JULY I.—We have had a
more extended business in the Share Market to• day, but there
has been no improvement in the prices. Grand Junction Half-
shares, 101 ; Great Western, Fifths, 11 ; London and Bir-
mingham, 321. Sharez, 533; London and South Western,
Tenths, 181; Manchester and Birmingham, 224 ; North
Union, 801.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, JULY I.—Not much
business doing here to-day—prices firm.—Manchester and
Leeds, 52 to 52i; Manchester and Birmingham, 23 to 231;
North Midlands, 68 to 61 ; London and Birmingham, 158 to
159 ; Liverpool and Manchester, 200; Bank of Manchester, 6.

We have received the Rio Commercial List of the sth May.
The Market was not animated, the business done was never-
theless to an average amount, whilst the quantity of goods
received was moderate.

ExroaTs.—This branch of commerce was exceedingly dull
throughout the month, and, except in Coffee, the., transactions
possessed a very limited interest.
MoN EY MARKET. —For discounts during the first fifteen days
of the month, there exited some little tightness in the Money
Market ; nevertheless, at 9 per cent., money could be found
on first-rate paper. Since the 17th, 10 to 12 per cent. had
been the current rates, and, in the negOtiation of Bills of Ex-
chinge, even higher rates have been submitted to, in order to
cb.aia money.
The repeated and continued calls for discount on the part of
the Government, acts, to a certain extent, as a drain upon the
market, but the wants of the Treasury, and the consequences of
them, are fearfully magnified. In the opinion of the moneycd in te-
re,t his Excellency the Minister of Finance is positively apprehen-
sive the moneyed interest will not part with their capital, arid has
invited some of our leading capitalists and merchants to a con-
ference, to take place to-day, for the purpose of considering
the most eligible manner of supplying the means required for
the public service, without detriment to the commercial body.

EXCII NCF.—Although the amount of business done during
the month has not been considerable, the fluctuations have been
great and rapid.
On London the opening rates were 30 to 30%, and the Ex-
change remained flat, with little doing until the 13th and 14th,
when at 30% and 301 several sums were negotiated.
On the 19th a rise of occurred, bills having on that day
been passed both at 304 and 31 until the 23d ; there was
scarcely a transaction on that day, 31 to 31% were the ex-
treme rates ; on the 27th the market closed flat, at 31 ; on
the 28th bills were passed at 304, on the 29th 30% and 30%,
and on the 30th, after having been done at 30%, the closing
rate was 30%.
The transactions in specie have not been to any extent.
Tho conference between his Excellency the Minister of Fi-
nance and the merchants and capitalists took place on the Ist
instant. His Excellency stated the estimated deficit of the
Trcasury during the months of May, June, and July, to be
2,400,000 milreis, in which amount was included 1,000,000
milreis. He told the meeting that he thought it ad-
visable to make use of both the milreis at his dis-
posal, for the purpose of meeting the deficit, viz., to
issue both Stock and Treasury Bills, the latter to a less
amount than was now in circulation.

OPENING OF THE CHAMBERS.-The Legislative Assembly
was opened on the 3d inst., by his Imperial Majesty Don
Pedro 11.

The following is an extract of the speech :
" I have much pleasure in finding myself amongst you. The
Imperial throne is never so dignified as when surrounded by
the representatives of the nation.

" Desirous that the act of my coronation be rendered more
solemn by your presence, I have commanded that it take place
during the present session.

" It is gratifying to me to be enabled to inform you that per-
fect amity and good understanding subsists between Foreign
Powers and the Empire ; these I shall endeavour to strengthen
so far as I can consistently with the interests of the nation and
the dignity of my Crown. I have received from these Powers
the most nattering solicitations upon having assumed the exer-
cise of prerogatives conferred upon me by the Constitution.
" I see with extreme pain the continuance of the civil war of
Rio Grande de Sul. Of the state of ether provinces of the
empire you will be informed by the Minister of Justice, and I
must call your attention to the necessity of a Council of State,
whom I may consult upon all important questions.
" My Ministers will each in his report represent to you those
matters which are connected with their respective departments.
"DON PEDRO 11.,
" Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil

We have received Buenos Ayres papers to the 18th April.
The infernal machine continues to be a prolific theme of
-congratulation from every quarter to General Rosas on the late
providential escape of himself and daughter. The fatal box
was stated to have been forwarded from Monte Video by M.
Leite, tbo Portuguese Consul-General.

The highest rale of exchange upon England during the week,
2Llprem.
Ve have received Sydney papers to the 12th Feb. The
price of flour was reduced from 261. to 211. a ton on Saturday,
supposed to be in consequence of the extensive i.nport.ttions
from foreign ports.
We have received the Journal of Antwerp of yesterday's date.
BOURSE OF AMSTERDAM, JUNE 29 —The National Funds
have not varied since yesterday. The actions of the Society of
Commerce are more in demand ; Ardoin's is more firm.
By the Hamburgh mail which arrived last night, of the 29th
June, we have received the papers of the same date, bringing
the exchange upon London at 13 5 ' • same upon last arrival ;
Gold 429, also the same ; Metal 10614 ; Bank Actives 1,663.