The Sun.
London, England, 1840-04-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON. THURSDAY, APRIL 9, 1840.

Mr. GLADSTONE, and showed at some length that
the Chinese had heaped outrages and insults
on the English. While the Honourable Member
declared that on this account he should support the
Government, he recommended, like Sir G. STAUN-
TON, the greatest caution and forbearance, and the ap-
peal at first to all peaceful means of obtaining honour-
able redress before commencing a war.
The House, which was crowded and attentive about
nine o'clock till the time Alr. WARD began to speak, a
little before eleven, became impatient after he rose, and
became gradually thinner. When Mr. G. PALMER began,
after Mr. WARD, the House was not above one-third
full, and was almost deserted before the Hon. Member
closed his observations. He undertook to point out to
the House the moral character of the Chinese, and
quoted several examples, both of edicts and individual
conduct—one of which he had himself experienced—of
the most amiable benevolence. But the more amiable their
general character, and the more just and benevolent their
dealings with strangers, the more reason have we to be
displeased at being singled out to suffer their con-
tumely or their outrages. 'With one remark of Mr.
PALMER'S we were struck, namely, that al the Cap-
tains of all the English merchant vessels at Lintin were
willing to give the bond required by LIN, which Cap-
tain ELLIOT would not allow them to give. From
that it may be inferred that Captain ELLIOT'S conduct
has not been altogether such as the English merchants
approve of. We desiderate, therefore, after hearing
Mr. PALMER'S speech, a great deal more evidence
than we have met with of the opinion of our country-
men within Captain ELLIOT'S jurisdiction. It has been
said in the course of the debate that Lord PALMER-
STON does not mean to remove Captain ELLIOT, and
approves of his conduct. We can hardly credit that,
and look for further explanations on the point. We will
conclude by making another remark, suggested by Mr.
PALMER'S speech. If Sir JAMES GRAHAM, in-
stead of making a motion of direct censure on the
Ministers for not foreseeing and providing for what
nobody foresaw, had moved a resolution declaring that
it is due to the honour of the British Legislature to
be satisfied of the justice and necessity of the proceed-
ings against the Chinese before sanctioning them, and
had proposed a Committee of Inquiry, with a view to
investigate .
investigate as fully as possible the conduct of Captain
ELLIOT and the conduct of the Chinese, we should
have thought he was doing some service to the cause
of humanity and justice. He has made, however, only
a factious attack on the Ministers, and will be, we hope,
defeated, as we are sure he deserves to be despised.
At Half-past Twelve the debate, on the motion of
Mr.
HOGG, was again adjourned.

Sir ROBERT PEEL has outraged the Pro-Corn-
law men beyond endurance by bearing his testi-
mony to the value of commerce and manufactures.
Accordingly the Morning Post of yesterday fol-
lows the Morning Herald of Saturday, in exposing
the sad mistake of the Conservative hero. Their's
is not the friendly eye which never sees a fault ;
they profess friendship indeed to the Right Hon.
Baronet ; they sometimes worship him, but it is as
savages worship idols which they break to pieces
and destroy when their wishes are thwarted. If
the out-and-out Pro-Corn-law men are angry with
the Right Hon. Baronet for telling the truth, what
will they say to the " impudent renegade " who
also bore, though unwillingly, his testimony to the
national advantages of commerce on Tuesday even-
ing ? The ex-Whig First Lord of the Admiralty
said that it was no exaggeration to say, that the
commerce with China provided one-sixth of the
national revenue. The Pro-Corn-law men, whose
case rests on deriding commerce or ridiculing and
contemning manufactures, are thus condemned to
bear testimony against themselves. Their journals
are consistent, for they would put down commerce
and put down manufactures by the strong hand, and
so encourage agriculture exclusively, as a means of
making the nation prosperous and powerful. So
bad is the cause of the Pro-Corn-law men, that to
preserve their advantages, even discussion must be
prohibited. The Herald has talked of the neces-
sity of putting down the Anti-Corn-law agitation.
Nothing is, however, more idle than the com-
parisons which the Pro-Corn-law journals have in-
stituted betwixt agriculture and manufactures.
They are the two legs of society, which cannot
conveniently march without both. To dispute
which is of the most utility is not less absurd, than
a dispute whether the left or the right leg cloth
most contribute to locomotion. Both are equally
useful—both are
.parts of the same social (not
political) system, which would not be complete
wanting either. In the human body some parts
are formed or developed at a later period than
others, so in the social body manufactures and
commerce perhaps come after agriculture, as agri-
culture came after hunting and pastutage; but ex-
cept priority in the order' of ,time—the nearest to
barbarism—agricultural labour has no other claim
to superior respect. The assertion, on which the
whole bread-tax rests, that agriculture is more im-
portant than commerce, is, we repeat, as absurd as
an assertion that the right leg is of more import.
ance to the body than the left leg. On the same
analogy,
the Corn-law is as absurd as a medical
system which would seek to promote the fleetness
and strength of man by crippling his left leg, and
sending the whole blood of the lower extremities
into the right.
Those, however, who contrast agriculture and
manufactures, do not mean the two species of equally
useful and skilful labour ; they mean rent and ma-
nufacturing profit. Agriculture produces wheat,
but the miller and the baker manufacture wheat
into bread. Agriculture produces cotton and wool,
the manufacturer works them into cloth. Both
arts are necessary to complete the bread and
the cloth, and one could not exist without the
other. Whether the landlord or the manufacturer
shall have the greater share of the combined pro-
duction is a question which we wish to have left to
the higgling of the market, and the Pro-Corn-
law men insist on settling to their advantage by the
law.

But it is said by the Post that the " wisest men
in this country believe that England has pushed the
manufacturing system too far." If it be so, and it
has been done by legislation, the fault is the land-
lords', for in their hands has been the legislative
power. Manufactures, however, are not the offspring
of legislation. Be they good or evil, they are the na-
tural growth of the circumstances of society, and can
only be checked or rooted out by some artificial system
of constraint and punishment. The profit derived
from them is also the growth of circumstances, and
differ from the present bread-tax-raised rent,
in being the natural growth of those circumstances,
while rent is the offspring of laws. The bread-
tax, and the poverty consequent on it, as the Le-
gislature ordains it, the Legislature can suppress ;
the manufacturing system, however evil it may be,
as the Legislature does not ordain it, the Legisla-
ture cannot suppress. The complaints made
against it, except to inform public opinion, or to
register facts for careful deductions, with a view to
correct knowledge, are as idl^ as the plan of pro-
moting locomotion by crippling one of the legs.
We see that a number of half-Tory, half-Liberal
journals, such as the Manchester Guardian and the
Edinburgh Courant, are advocating a fixed duty, or
depreciating agitation. One says that the abolition
of the Corn-laws would not much lower prices, and
that it is not worth contending for ; another, that
it is little better than clap-trap to object to tax
foreign corn more than any other commodity. These
dampers of the public zeal must not be trusted.
How much or how little the abolition of the Corn-
laws would lower prices is of very little consequence
since the abolition ceased to be a statistical and be-
came a moral question. It is now of more conse-
quence to satisfy the bulk of the people that the
Legislature means justly, than to increase manu-
facturers' profits. The Corn-laws endanger the
whole political fabric, and require to be abo-
lished for the safety of property. If a duty
had never been levied to enrich the landlords,
it might now be levied for rever,ue ; but having
been so levied, and such being the effect of a
fixed as well as a fluctuating duty, the former
cannot with any safety be substituted
wfohro the
lattesra.tisJfieudsticweitrheqiuloirtehsiog theletsosta.l
Those who
and will
be
re-
commend us to try for a fixed duty, palter with in-
terests that are far more solemn and sacred than the
amount of cotton spun and exported. Those who
agitation must
have
badge
of the
landlords'
souls ofs slaves.
The e s
objectTh e bread-tax to
is an h odious
community.usuipation usurpation, andlt tohoegshutbsteo be
rvienzrotfhtrhoewhreshty of the
agita-
tion, if the tyrants make that necessary, as the
Catholics won emancipation, and the middle classes
gained Reform.

The case of Davis v. Black, tried at Gloucester, and
reported in another part of The Sun, is a curious one,
affording a little additional evidence of the tendency of
the true Church towards the assumption of arbitrary
power.

By the arrival at Falmouth on Tuesday of her Ma-
jesty's packet Petrel, Lieutenant CROOK, from the
Brazils, we have received advices from Rio de Janeiro
to the 18th of February. The Petrel has brought

20,0001. on freight, but no political news of interest.
The exchange on London at Rio on the 17th February
was 31d. The supply of Coffee was abundant; LA it
was feared that the great drought which prevailed
would injure the new crops.
At a late hour on Monday night her Majesty's pac-
ket Sheldrake, Lieutenant PASSINGLIAM, arrived at
Palmouth from the West Indies with a freight of
12,0001. The Sheldrake sailed from Cape Henri on the
3d of March. The papers brought by her represent the
West India colonies as in a state of great tranquillity.
That so desirable a state of things shall be permanent,
depends in a great measure upon the planters. In every
case where the coloured population has been kindly
treated—or where the remembrance of deep wrongs has
not prompted a negative revenge, the emancipated
negroes have shown themselves as much under the in-
' fluence of the desire of acquiring gain as day labourers
in any other part of the world. Their wants are found
to be sufficiently numerous and artificial to require con-
stant employment with good wages necessary to satisfy
them.

Brussels Papers of the fiti inst., received this morn-
ing state the KING has appointed M. NOTHOMB, late
Minister of Public Works, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary to the German Confederation.
Immediately after the opening of the Chamber of De-
puties cn Monday, the President rose, and asked per-
mission to read the following message, which he had re-

-
ceived from the Minister s :
" GENTLEMEN,—The King has authorized us to declare to
the Chamber that, in consequence of a new application from
us, he has accepted the resignation which we had the honour
to tender to him on the 14th of March.

" The Honourable Members who signed the proposition
read in the sitting of the 2d of this month, considered that it
was calculated to reconcile the different opinions in the vote
which divided the Chamber. The same confidence was enter-
tained by a great number of their colleagues. This considera-
tion, added to that which I had the honour to state to the
Chamber in the same sitting, induced us to suspend, for a time,
an application for our discharge. We woul.d not have with-
drawn, sinless the motion had been carried by an overwhelming
majority.
The esteem justly enjoyed by the Hon. Members, who
considered the motion as equally calculated to satisfy the Cham-
ber, and thus the Ministry, naturally led us to believe that. it
would not give rise to a long debate. However, several Mem-
bers have announced their intention to speak upon it, which
proves that the conciliation of oil nions has not made sufficient
progress. We are th,,refore authorized to make a new applica-
tion to his Majesty, who has been pleased definitively to ac-
cept our resignation."—( Applause in the galleries.)
The PRESIDENT—The Chamber does not allow the galleries
to interfere in tne debates. If this tumult is repeated I shall
order the galleries to be cleared.
Several MEMBERS—Very well.
" The resolution of the 15th of July, respecting which the
difference of opinion between the Chamber and the Ministers
was manifested, was discussed in the Council, and proposed to
the King with a full conviction of its legality, and its great
political importance.
" We have thought it our duty to state these several circum-
strnces to justify our retiring from the Ministry, though the
vote on an isolated question did not imply in our eyes a want
of confidence in the Chamber, with respect to the whole con-
duct of the Government, and a denial of future co-operation.
" The Minister of the Interior and Foreign Affairs,
(Signed) " DE THEUX."
After this Message had been read, M. Goude having made
a few remarks, said that the proposition being useless since the
Ministers had resigned, it was withdrawn.

Advice from Constantinople of the 17th ult., from
Athens of the 19th, and from Smyrna of the 22st uh.
have been received. From the Turkish capital the
news is confined to the New-year's-day address of the
SULTAN to the Council ofiMinisters ; their Excellencies'
answer ; and the Imperial Hatti Sheriff for the dis-
missal of the Greek Patriarch, copies of which will be
found in another column. It is impossible not to admire
the good intentions of the SULTAN, who has already
devolved upon It:s Council the shadow of the functions
of a Parliament. Whether there is sufficient vitality
in the political body to recover its pristine energy under
any treatment, is doubted by many ; but allowing such
to be the fact, it does not detract in the least from the
admiration due to the youthful Reformer, and should
incline us the more to pay him the homage of our
sympathy.
In the affair of the Patriarch, England has obtained
the fullest reparation. His disgrace created a great
sensation in Greece, where it was rumoured that Russia
would support him to the last, and that therefore he
could afford to laugh at the threats of Lord PONSONBY.
The Pacha, in the midst of his warl►ke preparations,
has renewed his professions of loyal devotion to the
PORTE, and proposed a settlement of all diff..!rences
without the intervention of the Great Powers.

On Tuesday the French Minister of Public Works
presented to the Chamber of Deputies a Project of
Law for the formation of several extensive lines of
railroad in France. The lines to be first made are the
projected toads from Paris to Orleans, from Strasburg
to Basle, front Montpelier to Nismes, and from Lille
to the Belgian frontier.
The French Patters bring deplorable accounts of the
state of public feeling in Switzerland. On the 3d inst.
the Cantons of Upper and Lower. Valois were at
open war, and in one encounter several lives were lost.
The village of Gremisuan was taken and retaken on
the Ist instant., at the point of the bayonet, after a very
severe conflict. More than twelve thousand men were
under arms. The cause of quarrel was an attempt on
the part of the Upper Canton to occupy the villages of
Evolenoz and Hendaz, which had adopted the con-
stitution of the Lower. We are seriously apprehensive
that these disgraceful contests will at last terminate in
the destruction of the Republic.
A letter from Leghorn of the 2d. inst. announces
the arrival there of Prinqe CASTEL CICALA on his way
to London, charged with .a special mission from the
King of NAPLES to the British Government.
There is very little domestic news of any interest in
the French Journals of Tuesday. We gather from the
African correspondence of the different papers that the
French authority was greatly respected within the
range of Marshal VALLEE'S guns, but not an inch be-
yond that. So lately as the 23d ult., the Aabs, afterr
their old fashion, had bagged the heads of three of the in.
habitants of Douera ; and with respect to the cattle of the
French settlers, these children of the desert were carry-
ing out the appropriation principle to its fullest extent.
The Minerva frigate, Captain Keroram, bearing the flag of
Rear-Admiral Le Blanc, and the Sappho corvette, Captain
Thibault, arrived at Brest on the sth of this month, from the
Brazils.

The Palinure brig, Captain Cuneo d'Ornans, sailed from
Toulon for Tunis, on the sth. On the same day, the Vic-
torieuse corvette, Captain Norray, arrived at Toulon, from
Port au Prince.

The Rameses, which arrived at Marseilles on the sth, brought
the journals of Smyrna of the 21st of March.
The English ship of the line, the Hastings, which has been
some days in our roads, has sailed to join the English squadron
at Ourlac.

The Pembroke, bearing the flag of Admiral Louis, towed by
the Gorgon steam-boat, and also the Dido corvette, have also an-
chored in the roads.

Rear Admiral Lalande sends back to France two ships of
the line belonging to his squadron, the Jupiter and the Trident.
These two ships will sail as soon as the Neptune, the Suffren,
and the Alger, which are daily expected, shall have joined the
squadron.
The Phare des Pyrenees of the 4th of April has the follow-
ing paragraph •—" A report has been in circulation for some
days past that the Infant Don Louis had disappeared from
Strasburg. It is feared that this is connected with some
projects for an insurrection in the provinces of the North of
Spain."
The Bishop of Valence has just died.—Le Commerce.
130 U TUESDAY, APRIL 7.

THE MARKETS.—(THIs DAV.)

HUNGERFORD MARKET.

Supplies were moderate, and the demand fair ; prices steady.
Turbot ss. to 21s. ; Cod 3s. to 10s. ; Salmon 3s. per lb.
Soles 10d. to 4s. per pair,; Lobsters ls. tti 4S. ; Bea 71d. to
84d,,; Itlutten ild. to 82d. ; Veal Bd. to 9d. ; Pork 7id.
to Sid. per lb. Vegetables at previous prices.

HAY MARKETS.
There were good supplies, and prices, were altered, rather
lower. Hay 60s. to 935.; Clover, 90s. to llos. ; Straw, 325.
to 425. per load.

TALLOW MARKET.
The market quiet, and the price of P. Y. C. 51s. to 525.
COLONIAL MARKET.
Moderate business, and prices steady. B. P. Sugar sold
s'owly, without alteration in price. 3,000 bags Bengal, mostly
brown, sold in part at 455. to 535. 581 bags Pimento, at 2ifd.
to tad. 500 packets Black Pepper, at 3d. per lb., for good
quality. 369 bags Malabar Ginger at previous rates. Of
Coffee we had only two small parcels in the market for public
sale, one of 437 bags Java, 9d. duty, and the other 125 bags
Ceylon, which were all bought in. 28 cases of 4 'assia Lignea,
sold at 80s. for fair quality. Imports continue light.
TEA MARKET.
To-morrow being the heavy prompt on Tea, the market was
in a very uncertain state as to quotations. The nearest idea
that can be given is 2s. Id. to 2s. 2d. cash for low quality of
free trade Congou. It is said that there will be some little fur-
ther indulgence given in reference to the prompt. The Can-
ton shipping reports are so incomplete, that it is impossible to
tell what quantity of Tea is now on the road. Some say it is
seven millions of pounds, and others say it is much more. The
uncertainty pervading this very vital matter will necessarily re-
strict operations and render prices uncertain.

CRIMINAL COURT.-(THIS DAY.)

NEW COURT.
(Before Mr. Justice LITTLEDALE. )
George Fitzgerald was indicted for feloniously disposing of,
and putting away two forged Bank-notes, with intent to de-
fraud the Governor and Company of the Bank of England.
Sir F. Pollock and Mr. Adolphus appeared for the prosecu •
tion ; and Messrs. Phillips and Clarkson for the defendant.
The cate was not closed when our Paper went to press.