The Sun.
London, England, 1823-08-29 00:00:00

IRELAND.

STATE OF THE COUNTRY.—There is no mean
sure, legislative or otherwise, that has been,
acted on in Ireland for a long time, promises
to confer more immediate and prospective benefit
on it, than the adoption of Petit Sessions gen,el
rally throughout the country. Rumour says,
we nre indebted for the recommendation of
this regulation to the advice of Lord Chan-
cellor MANNERS. Be that as it may, we know
that it has been universally recommended by all
the Judges during the late 'Assizes, and, as they
stated, at. the suggestion and with the directions
of his Excellency the Loan LIEUTENANT. With
whomsoever it originated, it is, however, an ar.
rangement which w e are satisfied will be produc-•
live of more good, and will tend to tranquillize
the country in a greater degree, than if whole re.
giuwi,ts were poured into it. How came it
that a regulation so easily adopted and found
of such pra'ctical benefit in England, should
have been so long delayed before it was put
into operation here. The people of Ireland
enjoy the benefits of living under the British
Constitution, as well as the inhabitants of Eng-
land ; and yet the meeting of Magistrates at
Petit Sessions had never`been resorted to, or at
least had not been permanently acted upon.
The Magistrates, meeting in this manner, will tie,
enabled to receive information ; to trace out the
incipient indications of insurrection ; and to take
the most effectual steps to defeat them, long be.
fore they can be brought to maturity, anti better
than in their individual capacities, The fre-
quency of these Petit Sessions also will impress
upon the peasantry, that there is a Court they cars
resort to with confidence fur the redress of their
grievances—that it is composed of their natural
guardians and protectors—and that no undue par-
tiality can be indulged in at these Sessions. But,
perhaps,one of the most useful benefits they will
confer is, that of loosening or weakening time
bonds which bind the pe.tsantry to the Pries a.
The influence of this latter order in checking dis-
turbances has been found of little avail. They re-
peatedly declared that their controul over the p.a.
santry could not deter them from committing dose
acts at which humanity shuddered, and which
were nearly converting our population into a state
of uncivilizetion little short of American swages.
If their declarations in this respect ceu'd be
relied on, what use was there in putting any
confidence in such influence to allay the dis-
turhances with which our country has beet'
afflicted ? But it has been said, that only for the
exertions of the Roman Catholic Clergy, these
would have been much more injurious and ap-
paling. This we much doubt, because if the pea-
santry appeared in open day and took the field.
at once, they could be easily suppressed ; but
they pursued a more insidious course—they
shewed all the dangerous hostility they were
capable of, without the manliness of direct
warfare ; and where is the merit of that in-
fluence which can only operate in degree,
and leaves still the unhappy object to pursue
his own system of nefarious plunder ? From
every view we can take of this measure of
assembling the Magistrates in Petit Sessions, we
mist regard it as one which holds out the expec-
tation of conferring great and lasting benefits ou

the country. Here, where the Government of dos
counties is not entrusted to Lord Lieutenants
as in England, it will form the most immediate
and direct authority to act under in every emer-
gency. -These Courts will also form a salutary
check upon ' the indiscretions of subordi.nate
agents. Acting solely and exclusively under Ow
controul of the lags, they will exhibit their whoie-
some guardianship without their severer terrors.
They will also bring the peasantry better .nc-
quainted with the system of Government under
which they live, and not 'leave them to trust for,

advice or direction to the machinations of demo.
gogues, or to the blandishnu of insitlioui

and 'interested friends.-.--(Dubin Correyondent,
Aug. '260

M ERCA NTI LE SHIPPING.

MIAL, W.S.Alr.—Came down from the
River and sailed, the Cossack, Topping, for Sierra Leone; sir
Andrew Hammond, Cuet, for the South Seas; and Union,
Vittery, for Akueira. Arrivied the Clarkson, Fullerton, from
Quebec; Triumph, from Bombay; Policy, Brook, from. the
South Seas ; and the Africa, from Jamaica. Passed at
back of the tioodwin Sands the Netherlandl4 brig of war
edra, from Belvoitskuen, for Ourocoa.--The vessels belonging
to the Corporation of the Trinity House, London, have this
Morning Placed a buoy, with a staff' and vane, near the Good-
win South Sand Ilead, bearing-by compass fawn the south end
of the town of Deal, S. byE.
_ _

POUT 8310 11, Au a. 126.—Wind Soltitt y...-. Sailed tlw
Guilford,' Johnson, for New South NViles ; James Sibbald.
Forgers, for BOmbay ; ]tent, and Ann Eliza, for the South
&as; and his Majesty's > hips Na'a land Carnelian, on wernizt•
At r v.,tl the Orplu Crystal', from the Downs, for Smyrna.
I'LI'MOUTII, Ayr:. W.S.W.--Arrived tlw
Torn Cuti, Borneo, ftam the Downs, for Newfoundland; and
Swift, l'eane, from Dram. Sailed the John, Mathews, for
Newfoundland ; Union, for Miramichit and Ragle,
Pratt, fi r St. John's, N. B.
FALMOUTH' A, VG. 27.mWind S. W.—Arrivetl the Repte..
warn, Candy,from ; and Four Friends, Roberts,
front London.

PADs•row, A uc. (27.—Arrived the Michas, Chappell, from
Prince Edwara's Island : fell in with the brig Venerable, of
Dundee, with timber, in lat. O. long. .26. VI., water-
loggol, sails furled, and no person on boartl.

.
ituo. 211.—Arrived the Artmleanbrig Indus, Day,
front Balstris, in 107 days : passed in the Straits of Sandy the
British ship Transit, of Bristol, !mond up.

TIIE MARKETS.

CORIsiTXCHANGE, AUG. 29.

The quantity of, W hug, 0,400 quarters, anti of Flour 7,300
sacks, atrived this week is:considerable, ttnil the weather being
now very favourithle, causes ortr ‘Vheat trade to remain'dull,
and Mondaystrprices are hardly supported. There are only
4,700 quartette °Wats come in this week, yet, our buyers pur-
chase sparingly and although 'Monday's terms: are main-
tained, sales can only made to u limited event. in other
Chain no alteration; •

SINIITTIFILI41) Avotrn
There was a ',rood supply of titteri at Aliuket this morning,
but in and .Itittton it was rather short. The prices of
all descriptions of Cattle ntay he quoted much the *MTh' ati
oat
lastOritirtY ; the trade seemed rather brisk for small .Meat.
'l'o sink the ()Wel, per stone of tab.
Prof 34 Od to 4..4 tktthl Veal
ltuttnn IS Ott to ikt Pork 'ls likl to as itki
XI It's to X 5 lOs t lover L. Itli
1143.
- ::ri.:A.:11412..n11:.41:712°11:t;:P:r1114:°1.2..!°1:s11:

overflows of last seasons
ELNE:)stv,asi,i'sni::ani withtk ci the
assurance double sure of
tfrawing, culls in the powerful aid of horses,

'FRE LONDON JOURNALS.

Morning
.Extracts porn the Morning livers, August 29.

[MORNING C/IRONICIA'a

The Moniteur, which reached us yesterday,
inserts; a very singular communication from Ma-
drid, dated 20th instant, referring to advices re-
ceived there from Count Bourck, of the 13th,
stating that the garrison of Cortmna, after keep-
ing up a smart fire from the 10th to the 12th,
had sent out a flag of truce, offering to put them-
selves under . the protection of the Duke WM-
goulerne, rejecting, however, the Madrid Re-
gency, and demanding to await the issue of affairs
in Cadiz.. A P.S. of the same dispatch adds,
that Gen. 13ourch had agreed that the garrison
should place themselves. under Morillo's orders,
and that two officers had been sent to that Gene-
ral to apprise him of these proceedings, whilst,
in the meantime, a suspension of hostilities
would take place, for four or five days, owing to
the distance he was at." For our own part, we
cannot conceive any thing more unaccountable
than this sudden change in the sentiments of the
Corunna garrison, who had so much distinguished
themselves in their previous resistance to the
French, and whose Commander-lon the preceding
6th, •could tell the enemy that "he and. the
whnie garrison were prepared and decided to
maintain the place at all hazards." From the si-
lence of .the French, it is natural to conclude, that
they had made no very bold attempt on the place
since the tith, the day on which the summons was
sent in, for General Bourck says nothing of
any military operations of his own, although
he acknowledges that the Spanish garrison had
kept up 'a
brisk fire from the 10th to the 12

Had it. been the reverse, and the brisk firing bad
been.kept up on the part of the. French, there
might have been some reason for peaceful over-
tures, provided the damage occasioned had been
great; but to see a garrison that had so bravely
fought, dowii in a moment on their knees, is
to US altogether inconceivable. The garrison.of
Corunna is-,chietly composed of Volunteers from
Guipuscoa mud Navarre,' who left their respec-
tive provinces on the entry of the French, and have
traversed a large portion of the Peninsula, till they
a t length shn t themselves up in Corunna, resolved
there to make a determined stand. Hitherto,
they have defended the place with the utmost
gallantry, and successfully repulsed every attack.
The inhabitants have. readily joined in the de,
fence; and even the women, in trying moments,
behave in the most heroic manner. If the ouster
town had been taken, they have still the inner
one to resort to, where they aye out of the reach
of the enemy's trenvy guns. Why then this sud-
den disposition ta capitulate ; and more particu-
larly receive as their commander a Morillo—a
traitor—rand a man whose name they have loaded
with contumely, and branded with infamy.

[Tux Tirocs.l
We have received the Gazette of the Regency
of Spain,. dated the 10th. contains nothing
under the Madrid head, except a notification that
Ferdinand., his Queen, and.the other members of
the Royal Family, were in good health on the
11th and 12th of the present month. There are
in this Gazette several official articles, none of
which are of much importance. One, from the
Regency's Captain-General of Old Castile, gives
an account of an attack upon a party of 4`2, Con-
stitutional cavalry, commanded by Don Alonzo
Martin, Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment
of Algarve, and brother to the Empecina-
do. The own of the Faith state, that they
took. thirty-six, killed two, and that the remain-
ing four, one of whom was Col. Martin, fled into
Portugal, where they were arrested and given
up. This story, which has already been told in
the French Papers, is remarkable for the conduct
attributed to the Portuguese. The delivery of
the four refugees to their enemies, if done with
the sanction of-the Government, was a departure
from neutrality ; rind at any rate was an act con-
trary to the practice of civilized nations. It ap-
pears that a remonstrance has lately been made
by the. French Ambassador against the practice
of . inferior officers and . magistrates giving pass-
ports, by which " even persons the most noted
" for their revolutionary ideas" have been en-
abled, to enter France. It seems singular that
the French Government should wish to stop an
emigration Which is. calculated to diminish the
opposition to their views in Spain. The Regency,
however, in obedience to this hint, ordered that
passports for foreign countries shall only be given
by. the highest provincial authorities, but that on
Ito account whatever shall they be given to persons
noted for their revolutionary ideas and attach-
ment to " what is called the Constitutional Go-
vernment." •We have also received letters from
Madrid to the '2lst inst. They contain no news
of importance. The Duke of Infantado ler
Madrid on the 19th, along with the Minister Saez
to jobs the Duke of Angouleme before Cadiz.

[MORNING !POST.]

We received last night, by express, French
Papers to the 27th instant. Their contents are
varied and important. A, telegraphic dispatch
From Lyons announces the death of his Holiness
the Pope, who, notwithstanding the favourable
reports which had been circulated of his reco.
very, expired on the tQth instant, at the ad.
vanced age of 81. His family name was Chia.
ramonte (Gregory Barnabas), but he assumed
that of 'Pius VII. on his advancement to the
Papal Chair. He was born on the 14th of
August, 1742 ; was created Cardinal on the 24th
of February, 1.785, and elected Pope March 14th,
1800. The greater part of his Pontificate was
marked by important events and extraordinary
vicissitudes. After concluding, soon after its
commencement, a Concordat with France, by
which the liberties of the Gallica!) Church were
greatly increased, he crossed the Alps in 1804 to
crown Napoleon ; thus giving an example of
humility little consistent with the pride and pre-
tensions of his predecessors, who, instead of
bending beforl the secular power, made Kings
and limperers crouch at their feet. At a later
?primd the compliancy of his disposition

was p►tt to a more severe test. Rome was an-
nexed to France, the Papal Sovereignty was abo-
lished, and the Supreme Head of the Catholic
world, reduced to the condition of the first Bishop
of the Catholic Church, was removed from his
temporal kingdom to inhabit a palace at Paris, if
he yielded, or a prison at Fontainebleau if he
maintained his claims to the sovereign power.—
Pius VII. preferred captivity to abdication, and
remained confined in the castle of Fontainebleau
till the Allies overturned his persecutor, and re-
invested Popery, that lay prostrate on the earth,
with all the rights and attributes of temporal So-
vereignty. Since that time his days flowed in
peace, for he took no share in the proceedings
against Naples and Piedmont, till the unfortunate
accident which, in the course of a few weeks, has
led him 'to the grave. It is easy to anticipate
that the vacancy in the Papal chair will be the
cause of much intrigue, if not of serious differ-
ences. Austria has long had an eye on the Pon-
tificate for one of its Imperial Archdukes, and
France is deeply interested in preventing a no-
mination which would virtually place the whole
of Italy in the hands of the Austrian Government.

[BRITISH PRESS.]
Our private express brought us yesterday the
Paris Papers of both Tuesday and Wednesday.
'!'he Moniteur of Tuesday contains a report from
De Bourck, from which it appears that Corunna
still had not fallen ; that on the night of the lath
and on the 11th, the place kept up an incessant
fire on the besiegers. Several houses, according
to this report, were damaged about the French
head-quarters, and the magazine of tobacco
caught fire, but was extinguished. About eight
in the morning a white flag was seen in
the covered way, and a flag of truce was sent
to the French. The Constitutionalists exhi-
bited (in De Bourck's language) high pretensions.
They required him to confess they had done
their duty, and obeyed Ferdinand VII. They
consented to submit to the Duke of Angouleme,
but would not hear a word of the Regency of
Madrid. They wished to await the issue of the
affairs at Cadiz, and the orders of the king of
Spain. At six o'clock in the evening, Bourck's
account states, a person invested with full
powers arrived, after having had a confereoce
in the town ; and Bourck agreed that the garri-
son of Comma should put themselves under the
orders of Morino, who was to stipulate for
their interests. Two Officers of the garrison
were sent to him, to inform him of what had been

agreed on, and until their return it was deter,

rained there should be a suspension of hostilities,
which might last four or five day S, from Morillo's
absence. Thus Commie, surprised by the trea-
chery of the execrable Morillo—stripped at once
of defenders and supplies, and exposed to a
ruinous fire from the enemy—yet has held out
long beyond our expectation, under the faithful
Novella, and retaliated on the besiegers to their
great loss. It was impossible, while the French ar-
tillery crowned the surrounding heights, and every
shell thrown from their mortars, with red-hot balls,
fell in the streets of Coruuna, that the place
could hold out, except to be laid in ashes.---
The inhabitants were straitened in the supplies
of previtiions, and almost totally destitute of wa-
ter. The traitor -Murillo, 'to enhance, hie own
services with the Frenchond vile Regency, will
insist, if possible, on the ,subluission of Corunna
to this body. A. renegade always • has the most
embittered feelings ; and every thing arbitrary
may therefore be expected from Morillo. Co-
runna, in itself, is a mere isolated point d'amul;
a place of little importance, except inasmuch as
it occupies a certain -part of the French troops.
Should Corunna be obliged to surrender on the
traitor Morillo's terms, De Bourck's force will be
released and free to act elsewhere. A postscript
to Oudinot's dispatch from Madrid states his
having ordered Bourck, on the surrender of
Corunna, to leave a regiment there, and proceed
With the main force of his division to Astorga,
while be sent the brigade of Larochejacquelin
to Estremadura, where the Constitutionalists had
shewn seine force. It thus appears that at As-
torga all is not safe or quiet, and that listretnti-
tird is occupied thickly by the Constitutional
Guerillas. The defence of the Cortes and Spain
has been paralyzed by the defection of successive
traitors, and the forces they could influence, from
the national standard.