The Sun.
London, England, 1841-08-16 00:00:00

Just published, Second Edition. 12m0., price 3e. 6d. cloth,
ANIMAL MAGNET ISIVI and HOMCEO-
PATHY. With Notes, illustrative of the influence of
the mind on the body.
By EDWIN LEE, tsq. ,M.R. C. S.,
Author of " A Treatise on Som e Nervous Disorders," &c.
" A short, clear, and manly pro, Inetion."—Athenseurn.
" We once again recommend th, s work to the attentive con-
sideration of the reader."—Ather. scum (second notice).
" A very convincing work."—L iterary Gazette.
" A very clever and popular work, exceedingly apropos.
The whole abounds in learning, r e3eareb, and observation."—
Monthly Magazine.
" Mr. Lee's little unpretendiag work is worthy of great
praise. It does great credit to the author's judgment."—Edin-
burgh Medical and Surgical Journa 1.
Also. just published, by the same A luthor, 12m0., price 7s. 6d.
cloth, The PRINCIPAL B ATMS of GERMANY. With
an Appendix on the Cold Water Cure.
Also, 12m0., price 4s. cloth, T be MINERAL SPRINGS
of ENGLAND. and their CURA 'FIVE EFFICACY. With
Remarks on Bathing and on Artificial Mineral Waters.
Whittaker and Co., f. vie Maria- lane.

Just published, the Seventh Editio in, price 3s. ; and sent free,
on receipt of a Post-office Order, for 3s. fieL,
MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE-
MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for
ITS PERFECT RESTORATI( )N; addressed to those suf-
fering
from the destructive effects . of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habits, or Infection ; folio seed by Observations on the
TREATMENT of SYPHILIS, ( /.ONORRMEA, GLEET,
&c. Illustrated with Cases, &c.
By J. L. CURTIS ar A COMPANY,
Consulting Surgete ts, London.
Published by the Authors, and void b y Bailiere, Medical
Bookseller to the Royal College e f Surgeons, 219, Regent-
street ; Strange, 21, Paternoster-r( esr, London ; Guest. Bir-
mingham ; Sowler, 4, St. Ann'e-squ are, Manchester ;
South Castle-street, Liverpool ; My then and Co., 8, D'Olier-
street, Dublin; Duncan,ll4, High-. street, Edinburgh ; and to
be had of all Booksellers.
This Work, a Seventh Edition of which is new presented to
the public, ten thousand copies have been exhausted since its
first appearance, has been very muc s improved and enlarged
by the addition of a more extended at, .d clear detail of general
principles, as also by the insertion of f *were' new and highly in-
teresting cases. The book, as has been already stated, is the
result of very ample and daily mereasz ng experience in a class
of diseases, which, for some unaccousi table reason, have been
either altogether overlooked, or treat ed almost with indiffer-
ence, by the ordinary medical pruititioner. The proverbial
and well known rapacity of unqualified practitioners, who
traffic on the health and credulity. of patients, has been en-
couraged and aroused by this supine less, on the part of the
regular surgeon. In order to obviate the pernicious effects
sure to result from the practices •of such pretenders, the
authors have fur a considerable time, devoted themselves ex-
clusively to a certain class of diseas ; of the necessity of so
doing, they were further convinced by feeling that. tact in in-
vestigating the latent sources of re any diseases, which arise
from certain secret practices, can may be acquired by an ex-
clusive and undivided attention to t his department of medical
practice. The numberless instances daily occurring, whersin
affections of the lungs. putting on all the outer appearances of
consumptior, which, however, whe-a traced to their source,
are found to result from certain bare !ful practices, fully proves
that the principle of the division of labour, is nowhere more
applicable than in medical practice. We feel no hesitation in
saying that there is no member of society by whom the book
will not be found useful, whether sun person hold the relation
of a Parent, a Preceptor, or a Clergyman.
This PARENT, who beholds his beloved child pining
away, and fast approaching to a premature grave, in conse-
queries of some disease, which, for want of careful investiga-
tion of its real cause, has been set down to the score of con-
sumption, will, on perusing this work, be astonished to find,
that in nine-tenths of the cases of young persons of both
sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary consumption,
heart disease, tabes, &c., the sole and exclusive origin has
been the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by
youth intieh more frequently than it is at all suspected.
'the PRECEPTOR, also, who holds (temporarily at
least), the relation and responsibility of a parent, will,
by perusing this work, be directed and very much
assisted in investigating and detecting the too often con-
cealed practices so often introduced into schools, whereby the
health and ultimately the lives of his pupils are sure to be corn-
I 'promised, unless the evil be arrested in proper time. lie will
here find a clue to guide him through the intricate mazes of
this moral labyrinth, and a standard whereby to judge, when
delicacy of health should appear to attack any of his young
charges, what the real causes of such attack may be, and thus
he will he enabled to check the evil in its incipient state.
The CLERGYMAN, in whose sacred character is at once
concentrated the two-fold relation of parent and instructor, will
here be directed as to the nature of those habits to which
youth is addicted ; he will also be enabled to point out the dia.
estrous consequences which are sure to follow from them if not
relinquished.
Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their
residence, No. 7, Frith-street, Solio-square, London.
Country Patients are requested to be as minute as possible in
the detail of their cases—at; to the duration of the complaint,
th" symptoms, age, general habits of living, and occupation in
life of the party ; the communication must be accompanied by
the usual Consultation Fee of 11., without which no notice
whatever can be taken of their application ; and in all cases, the
most inviolable secrecy may he relied on.

I NFIRMARY for the CURE of STRIC.
1 TURES of the URETHRA, SYPHILIS, GONOR-
RfICEA, GLEETS, and all DISEASES of the GENERA-
TIVE and URINARY ORGANS.
Notwithstanding the above Institution is closed, Patients tuLy
continue to receive the GRATUITOUS ADVICE of the Sur-
(MGCourtenay, 42, Great Marlborough-street,) by ap-
p:ling at his own hcase instead of the Charity.
Hours of Attendance, from Eight to Ten in the Mornings
and from Seven to Nine in the Evenings. On Sundays in the
Morning, but not in the Evening,

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

CAMBRIDGE, AUG. 14.—0 n Saturday the "ith
Charles Anthony Swainon, 8.A., of Trinity College
in this University, was admitted a Foundation Fellow of
Christ's College; and on Wednesday the 11th inst., John
Dowell Ridout, 8.A., of Christ's College, was admitted
a Foundation Fellow of the same. Society
Mr. Octavius Badd, student of Pembroke College, in
this University, has been appointed to a scholarship on
that foundation.

The Rev. Mark Anthony Lawton, 8.A., of Jesus Col-
lege, in this University, has been instituted to the Vicar-
age of Salton, in the county of York, on the presentation
of John Woodall, Esq., of Scarborough.
The parishioners of Datchworth, in the county of
Hertford, have lately presented to the Rev. Thos. Sedgcr,
M.A., of Queen's College, in this University, an elegantly
bound copy of Scott's Commentary, in 6 vols., as a mark
of their esteem for the Rev. Gentleman, and of their gra-
titude for his indefatigable exertions whilst officiating
amongst them.

The Rev. J. Browne, M.A., of St. John's College, in
this University, has been licensed by the Lord Bishop of
Salisbury to the Curacy of Chilfrome and Toiler Fra-
trum, in the county of Dorset.
The Rev. Edward Swann, M.A., of St. John's College,
in this University, was last week elected Chaplain of the
Badfordshirc General Infirmary, in the room of the Rev.
Richard Pearson, M.A., resigned.
Last week Abraham Hume, Esq., Scholar of King's
College, in this University, was elected a Fellow of
that Society.
The Rev. D. Ledsam, M.A., of St. John's College.
in this University, Curate of Christ's Church, Bir-
mingham, has been appointed by the Bishop and other
Trustees to the incumbency of St. Mark's Church, in
the same town.

The Rev. T. A. Bolton, M.A. of Queen's College, in
this University, has been appointed to the Curacy of
Alverthorpe, Yorkshire.
The. Rev. S. Smith, ALA., of St. John's College, in
this University, has been appointed to the endowed
Lectureship of Trinity Church, Margate. and to the
Chaplaincy of the Royal Sea-Bathing Infirmary at that
place.
_ _ .

The Rev. Bourchier Wray Savile, 8.A., of Emmanuel
College, in this University, has been presented to the
Vicarage of Okehampton, Devon, void by the resignation
of the Rev. Langston Coxheath. Patrons, the Rev.
Henry Bourchier Wrey, and H. C. 'Milieu, Esq.
On Thursday, the 7th inst., the Rev. Henry Brooks
Forster, M.A., of Corpus Christi College, in this Uni-
versity, was instituted by the Lord Bishop of Gloucester
and Bristol to the Rectory of Coln Rogers, in the county
of Gloucester, vacant by the death of the Rev. Arthur
Benoni Evans. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of
Gloucester.

Borti HORNS BAD.—The poor tailor, in the
following sketch from the " New Orleans Crescent City,"
fared no better on one horn of the dilemma than the
other :—" Will you pay me my bill, Sir ?" said a tailor
in Chartress-street, to a waggish fellow who had got into
him about a foot. "Do you owe anybody anything,
Sir ?" asked the wag. " No, Sir," said the tailor.
" Then you can afford to wait !" and he walked off. A.
day or two afterwards the tailor called again. -Our wag
was not at his wit's end yet ; so, turning on his creditor,
he says, " Are you in debt to anybody ?" " Yes, Sir,"
says the tailor. " Well, why the devil don't you pay ?"
" Because I can't get the money." " That's just my case,
Sir ; I am glad to see you can appreciate my. condition—
give me your hand."7-New York Paper.
Two brothers, named Elm, were once subpee-
naed on a trial. The first of them having been examined,
the late Mr. Justice Park, from his venerable appear-
ance, was indnced to ask him his age, and received in
reply, eighty years of age, my Lord. And how do you
live? Very regular. And pray what do you make use of
as your beverage ? Ten, and milk and water. His Lord-
ship, in reply, addressed himself to the counsellors thus
—" There, gentlemen, there's a specimen for you of re-
gularity." The other brother was called, and from his ap-
pearance, the counsellors in the cause were induced to
ask him his age, and were told he was eighty-three. And,
pray, Mr. Elm, how do you live? Very regular, your ho-
nour; I go to bed drunk every night of my life. "There,
there, my Lord, there's a specimen of regularity; what
do you think of that, my Lord—eighty-three." " Ah !
gentlemen, Elm, wet or dry, lasts a long time," said his
Lordship, gravely.
Emigration is still going on to an immense ex-
tent from this port to South Australia. It appears that
the majority of the emigrants are of the agricultural class,
among whom are a pretty considerable number of decent-
looking young females. Other two ships,
.the
Kerr, with 269 passengers, and the Marquis of Bute;
with 236 paSsengers, cleared out yesterday for Port
Philip.—Glasgow Chronicle.
As usual at this period of the year numerous
bodies of Irish peasants have arrived in this neighbour-.
hood to assist in the labours of the harvest. Owing,
however, to the very backward state of the crops, and
the smallness of them, very few of these men can find
employment, and there are now, we regret to say, above
60 of them in our union workhouse.— Cambridge Ad-
vertiser.

I MANIFESTO OF THE SPANISH GOY ERNmENT
I IN REPLY TO THE PROTEST OF MARIA
It is now some time since th
C HRISTINA.
painted with the plans w
tution were concertin ..
1 '.. Government became ac-
-1.41. ch the enemies of the Consti-
-6 as, their last hope of exciting a
reactiontl s()t sought t aS Spain,
.
etext, end imagined they had found a
In the frenzy of their passions
suitable one., .
the aunt, orphans,
the que4ten of the guardianship of
the :.Quivn Dona Isabel IL, and
1?"' evfaria Louisa Fernanda, immediate successor to
"I', throne.
' ' Through this question, however, alone they could not
effect their wicked purposes without a leader, a centre of
their party. Difficult, if not impossible, it was to find
such a person in Spain, e and for this reason they
had to seek one without the precincts of the
kingdom. With this intent disaffected Councillors 'sur-
rounded an illustrious personage in a . foreign
country to make themselves masters of her will ;
and it is to be feared that others no less dis-
affected, residing in Spain, directed their efforts
from hence to compromise that illustrious person,
without considering the consequences which should, un-
der all circumstances, have been fatal to her. Without
other object than the accomplishment of their own
ambitious views, and realisation of their own desires of
depriving the nation of those very institutions which they
themselves accepted and approved at the hands of this
same' llustrious personage—en short, not for any atten-
tention towards her, or \sigh to preserve those rights
contended for, unless they tended to their own interest
and aggrandisement, these men put into action all the
means they supposed conducive to their ends.
That such a scheme should have been hearkened to
appears incredible. The Retyel word, pledged in per-
fect liberty and Yeti untatezer4eteennttedee-the - inter,peed-
tion of sacred rights—regards of the last importance—
all
tended to guarantee in the strongest manner the cer-.,
tainty of these plans, which could only lead to horrors
and crimes, being rejected.
It is difficult to conceive, indeed, how that august per-
sonage could .have lent herself to schemes as wicked as
they were unworthy of the dignity, and contrary to her
word of honour and dearest interests. The Government,
notwithstanding, learnt that Spaniards, unworthy of the
name, had succeeded in compromising her in not only an
act unworthy of her, but completely in opposition to
others, not very remote, cf her own, but also to violate
the 1. we, the sovereignty of the nation, the authority of
the Cortes, and legality of the Government.
The latter neglected not for a moment the duty re-
quired by this new state of things. Well aware that the
proposed scheme could only recoil upon its authors, the
Government was of opinion that it was prudent to await
the attempt to execute the plan, in order that punish-
ment might the more certainly fall upon them, and,the
laws and Cortes, whom they pretended to set at defiance,
be fully vindicated.
The imprudence of the parties concerned in this
scheme has gone so far as to hurl amidst the people the
protest of the Queen Mother, Dona Maria Christina de
l3orbon, in contradiction of the solemn declaration made
by the Cortes, that the guardianship of her august
daughters was vacant, im contradiction of the appoint-
ment of the guardian, and in opposition to the interfer-
ence represented in that ill-advised document as having
been exercised in these acts by the Regent of Spain and
his Government.

The situation of the country, the melancholy division
yet existing between Spaniards, and consequent excita-
bility of the passions, entered, no doubt, as elements
_

into the calculation of our enemies ; and reckoning upon
these deplorable circumstances, have introduced into
Spain, by means of foreign newspapers and printed
eopie:4,. a document, which they looked upon as tl.e in-
tendlary torch which was to set the kingdom in fames.
But the Government, whose strength increases with the
diffiCulties and dangers with which it has been sought to
surround them, neither fears these machinations, nor any
others to which the enemies of the country think proper
to have recourse, and are prepared in such a manner, that
these attempts can only fall upon the authors of them.
Having, first,, attended to the necessity of the pre-
servation of social order, the moment has arrived for re-
futing and repudiating with energy the false arguments
upon which the protest has been based ; to vindicate the
laws from the insults offered to them ; and protect the
Cortes and the whole nation from the unmerited offence
given to them.

Spain and Europe will behold with astonishment a
document as singular as it is inconsistent., as devoid
of truth as it is destitute of circumspection and propriety..
But before treating of it in detail, it is necessary to
premise that it not only protests against the declara-
tion of the Cortes that the guardianship is vacant, but
in the letter Which accompanies it a new offence is
added to the Cortes and the nation by not recognizing
the Constitutional authority of the Supreme Head the
State, and pretending to preserve the Queen-other
in that M
position which she'before occupied, and which,
contraxyta,trhe reitex,atevi.athis4l.4tl4.4444.-51?4,..
had voluntarily resigned.
This letter, addressed- to Ifiti Baldomero Espartero,
might be considered private, if it did not contain an ex-
press command to him to have the document immediately-
published in the official Gazette of Madrid. - It was thus
it was discovered that the letter was really directed to the
Regent of the kingdom—a letter which, upon one hand,
is addressed as private ; while, upon the other, it assumes
the possession of an authority, on the part of the Queen
Mother, which she did not possess since its voluntary
'abdication.

In this pretension there is a novelty contradicted by the
Queen Mother herself. As yet it is too soon to forget
the well-known event.at Valencia direr Majesty's abdi-
cation, the address to the Cortes on the occasion, and
the remonstrances of the Government appointed by her-
self, and of which I was then the President. The ma-
nifesto also published by her Majesty at Marseilles on
the 4th of November last, must also be still fresh in the
memory of all Spaniards, and at the conclusion of which
she states thus :----" That she who had been Queen Low
requested nothing more of the Spanish people than that
they would love her children and respect her memory."
And after declarations so explicit and voluntary, how can
it be pretended to preserve still an authority renounced
by the former act, and confirmed and recognised by her-
seif in the second ?

Notwithstanding this, the letter just alluded to makes the
Queen Mother say that the Regency was wrested from
her. So palpable an inconsistency can only he accounted
for, by keeping in view the plans of the instigators of this
idea, and of the ruin and desolation of the empire.
In this letter it is also asserted that every efibrt for a
prudent arrangement of this question of the guardianship
had been made, consistent with the dignity of the Queen
Mother, but ineffectnally. It is but right the country
should know what those proposals were which are here
called prudent. ller proposal was, that the nomination of
the guardians of the Queen should be left entirely to her,
and upon this condition she offered to resign the office her-
self. This obviously amounted to holding the guardianship
iniher own hands, which would be contrary to the Constitu-
tion, which grants to none but the Royal father, or to the
Cortes, the right of naming the guardian of the Sovereign.
In short, to comply with this proposal would be to arro-
gate those faculties which the nation had conferred upon
its representatives alone. The Government, which exists
in power by the will of the nation, and faithful to the '
Constitution and Cortes, could not admit such an uncon-
stitutional proposition, and which, on the other hand,
disclosed objects sought to be concealed. And, finally, it
should he also known that this much boasted proposal of
conciliation implied the perpetual absence of the Queen
Mother; and that all the negotiations with the Govern-
ment upon this subject assumed her Majesty's residing
in a foreign country. The necessity of appointing- a
guardian being thus created by her Majesty herself, why I
should it be wondered at that the Cortes would comply
with that necessity in the only way in which the 60th
article of the Constitution ordains in the absence of a
guardian named in the will of the Sovereign, or of the
father or mother of the Royal minor when widows ?
On coming to treat of the protest, it will be observed
that it has been sought to make this document a means
of disturbing the tranquillity of the country, and that this
war-cry has been raised by the august personage who de-
clared as follows, in her manifesto from Marseilles :—" I
could have rekindled the civil war, but that mar, the ter-
mination of which had jaist given you the peace you de-
sired, ought not to be revived—a peace, too, based upon
an oblivion of the past. For this reason, my maternal
eyes turned away with horror from such a frightful pro-
posal,
saving within myself, that when children are un-
grateful, it is better the parent suffer even to death than
kindle civil war amongst them.
Without remarking that the Spanish people have never
been ungrateful to their Sovereigns, is it possible that in
so short a time the mother of your Queen should have for-
gotten duties so plainly recognised, and that she should
turn her eyes towards the horrible schethe of plungingyou
in that civil war which she so lately asserted ought never
to be revived? Yet so it appears, for the protest with
her Maj.esty's advisers to rekindle this
respect to the guardianship is but the torch designed for
that purpose b 3,
civil war, and which might have taken effect had the
spark not fallen amongst a people distinguished for their
good sense.
It has never been denied that the late Ring, Ferdinand
the Seventh, had appointed his august wife as the guar=
dian and protectress of his illustrious children; but it
cannot either be denied that these august Princesses,
the one as Queen and the other as heiress-apparent of
the Throne, belong to the nation, and that their being is
so intimately connected with the political system of the
Constitution, that the one cannot be separated from the
other. For this reason the Constitution provides for the
care of these august persons, places them under the pro-
tection of the nation, and charges its legitimate represen-
tatives with the selection of a guardian to see duly admi-
nistered that care and protection.
Taus the question of the guardianship. became to be.
limited to the consideration, whether the august minors
; because, if once shown
such protection, it then
became the duty of the Cortes to provide them with it by
rt
he ghtu edv this
did ps
tr:ltiedcin o
needr not 0
f.
the appointment of a guardian. this question her Ma-
jesty herself decided, when in perfect liberty in a foreign
country, she stated, in her address at Marseilles, "I have
thrown the sceptre from my hands, and abandoned my
children !"
Abandoned her children undoubtedly were ; and in
want of this protection, they required that the Cortes
would provide it for them, in the appointment of a guar-
dian. In this state of the question, the will of Ferdinand
VII was to no purpose. it neither provided, nor could

provide, this protection far the august minors. It is also
in vain to refer to the laws of Partida in the case—laws
which, chiefly referring to • cases of ordinary life, can
have no application in cases of Princes.
The question of the guardianship. supposing the opi-
nion of the august minors being without proper protec-
tion to be well founded, and, omitting other various
considerations, was in the same state as if Ferdinand VII.
had never appointed a guardian—in the same state, in
short, as if the august minors had neither mother nor
Queen Mother, but were in the state for the Cortes to
appoint them a guardian.
Fur these reasons the Cartes performed one of the
most important duties imposed upon them by the Con-
stitution ; and, far from havir,a exceeded the powers al-
lowed them by that instrument, their conduct was r
gulated exactly by it. So also is it to be inferred ti
the declaration of the Cortes is no forced or vio'.ent
usurpation of faculties, as asserted in the protest, but
the legal exercise of those conferred upon them by the
Constitution.
Other charges and declarations are also made against
the Government. The first of these is limited to the as-
sertion of their having interfered with the Queen Mother
in the exercise of her authority over the; Royal patri-
mony, by the appointment of agents for this purpose.
The Royal minors being, as confessed by herself, ahaTaa;
doned by their mother, as also were the household rind
Royal estates left without a head ; and as the Cartes,
whose duty it was to supply this deficiency, wase not
'then assembled, it became the duty of the Government,
and a duty of the fulfilment of which they may be
justly proud, to afford the necessary protection to a pro-
perty which could not have been attended to by one re-
siding in a foreign country. What could have been
meant by the disaffected advisers of the Queen Mother
in thus insisting on leaving the Royal Patrimony in this
aaiataaatale.atipaniali. people will be able to judgea.• • - -
With respect to the second charge made against the
Government, that they meddled in the settlement of the
question of the guardianship, and that consequently they
neither respect laws nor policy, the allegation is false,
inasmuch as the Government neither interfered, nor
exercised any authority whatever in the settlement of
that question. From the moment at which the Govern-
ment took the precaution of appointing joint-adminis-
trators of the Royal household and patrimony, !as re-
commended with propriety by the Supreme Tribunal of
Justice, the Government interfered in no manner what-
ever with the administration of the household oa patri-
mony, either by the appointment or removal of officers,
before or after the Queen Mother's departure fr am Spain.
It will be thus seen that the Government ex arcised no
faculties in the ease, and that the measure: taken by
them can be justly viewed only as precwitionary or
provisional. And, in short, so far were the Govern-
ment from arrogating the faculties presumed in the set-
tlement of the guardianship, that after they had referred
the claims of one of the Royal Family to itato the proper
tribunal, they left 'the whole matter to th a wisdom of
the Cortes to deal with it as they thought fitting ; and
for the same reasons the Government, when the subject
was taken up by the Cortes, took no active part what-
ever in it. With this I presume I have aaid enough to
prove -how unfounded are the charges in the protest
against the Government.
So weak, indeed, are the arguments, and contradic-
tory the statements in the protest, that it will be seen at
once that it has • only been sought as a pretext to insult
the sovereignty of the nation, and the Cortes which re-
present it ; to provoke pernicious dissenslons, and to re-
turn to the state we were in for years before.
The nation, which has with so much constancy and
energy defended the institutions which now rule the
country, shall ever look with horror upon such a pro-
spect. The Government, which has sworn to defend at
all risks the Constitution, will be faithful to its oaths, re-
pelling attacks upon it, from whatever quarter they pro-
ceed, or whatever appearances they assume. Those who
dare to attack the fundamental law, the authority of the
Cortes, to disturb the public tranquillity, to frustrate
the blessings of a peace acquired at such an expense,
and to renew those scenes not yet forgotten, shall be pro-
secuted and punished with the utmost rigour of the law.
To conclude, confide in the vigilance of the Govern-
ment. The efforts of the conspirators shall prove abor-
tive; the infernal pleasure of againinVolving us in anarchy
and civil war they shall not enjoy ; great interests and
honourable compromise support the Constitution ; my
authority is your safeguard; and the Government, with
the aid of the laws, a valiant army, the National Guard,
and of public opinion, doubt not to tritruph over the
enemies of the happiness of the country.

^ THE DUKE DE LA VICTORIA.
(Countersigned) DON ANTONIO GONZALES.
_ . _

Madrid, Aug st 2; 1841.

THE NAPOLEON COLUMN AT
BOULOGNE.

All Boulogne is in a ferment in anticipation' of the
grand doings which are to take place next com-
mencing with Sunday. People are arriving in crowds
Isy-lowatv,bieats and
and Generals out of number, will be present on the solemn
occasion, and as this celebrated column, and the circum-
stances which gave rise to it, are intimately connected
with the history of England, the following account will
be found interesting :—The column stands at about the
distance of half a league from the Haute Vine, or Upper
Town of Boulogne, and on the right of the road to
Paris, situated in a quadrangle of about two acres. The
shaft of the column is constructed of a species of white
marble, discovered at Marquise, the quarries of which
are in the neighbourhood. Originally it was intended
to have adorned the pedestal with military and naval
trophies ip
.bronze, and a large eagle of the same metal
was to have occupied each of the four corners. The
identical circumstance, also, which is now about to come
to pass—that of placing at the top a colossal statue of
the Emperor in his robes—was absolutely meditated at the
very first, but while the work was slowly advancing, those
great political changes took place, which led to the re-
establishment by the people of the old throne, and ac-
cordingly the column was terminated by a gilded globe,
surmounted by a small'crown, and having on its circum
ference, in the direction of the four cardinal points of the
compass, the star of the Legion of Honour.
The first stone was laid on the 9th of November, 1804,
in the presence of 150,000 military veterans, by Marshal
Soult, assisted by a grenadier of each regiment. It con-
sisted of an immense block of marble, upon which was
engraved the following inscription
• . " The,first Stone
of the Monument, decreed
By the Army of the Expedition of Boulogne
and the Flotilla,
to the Emperor Napoleon,
Laid by Marshal Soult, Commander:in-Chief,
18 Brumaire, year 13 (9th November, 1804),
Anniversary of the Regeneration of France."
In this stone was inclosed a leaden box, with a book
containing an account of the design of the erection, with
the name of each subscriber in regiments.
At the commencement of July, 1821, when the column
was, almost completed, M. le Baron Simeon, Prefect of
the Department, accompanied by all the authorities, as-
cended the column, and placed the Royal ordonnances
for completing the structure, and the minutes of the ce-
remony, with a bottle containing various coins, in the
key-stone of the cupola. Among the coins was a medal,
having on one side the head of Louis XVIII., and on the
reverse the following inscription :

-"
This-Column
voted by the Army assembled at Boulogne,
from whence it menaced England,
was begun in 1804.
Having become a Monument of Peace
by the Restoration of the Bourbons to the Throne,
it has been finished under the auspices
of his Majesty Louis XVIII.,
and is dedicated as a Remembrance
(always dear to Frenchmen),
of his happy Return to this country in 1814.
The last stone was placed 2d July, 1821,
(M. le Comte Simeon being Minister of the Interior),
by M. le Baron Simeon,
Prefect of the Department of the Pas de Calais,
Labarre, Architect."

• This elegant column is erected upon a square pedestal,
to which the ascent is by a flight of steps on each of its
sides, and, taken as -a piece of architecture, it is consi-
dered highly beautiful, being modelled upon the cele-
brated Trajan column at Itme. It is of the Doric or-
der, and has a projecting column near the summit. Its
altitude is about 150 French feet ; the pedestal upon
which it stands is upon a raised platform, and beyond the
base of the platform is a low wall with an opening to the
east, where, on two projecting parts, are the statues of
two lions, finely executed in bronze. From the gallery
there is a most charming panoramic view of the sea and
the country. Dover, with its cliffs and ancient castle,
appear to the north ; and in a north-easterly direction,
Mount Cassel in the Department du Nord may be clearly

seen.
Various representations have been made as to the
direct occasion upon which this column was constructed,
and though the broad and ostensible reason generally
adduced was, that it emanated from Napoleon himcelf,
to commemorate his projected descent upon England, yet
others, on the contrary, state that it was the voluntary
and exclusive act of the soldiery to show their respect
and attachment to Napoleon ; though, undoubtedly, had
it not been for the above project, the memorial would not
have been erected in its present place.
It will be remembered that one of Napoleon's favourite
designs upon England was that of invading the island
itself, and so strike a fatal blow at the heart of his
greatest enemy. In 1804, troops to the amount of
160,000 were mustered in camps along the French and
Dutch coasts, and vast flotillas, meant to convey them
across the Channel, were formed, and constantly ma..
neeuvred in various ports, that of Boulogne being the chief.
It was in this port that Julius Caesar prepared his first
expedition against England, the year 35 before our era.
By little and little the name Gesoriacum, which it then
had, disappeared in Bononia, whence later licultyne.
Under the reign of Francis the First, Henry VIII, King
.
of England, took this city with the naked sword ; it then
sustained eight assaults, and many successive attacks,
when the inhabitants capitulated in Sept. 13, 1544. The
English remained masters of Boulogne to 1550, an epoch
when Edward the Sixth restored this town to France,
upon
payment of 400,000 crowns. Charles the Fifth de-
stroyed it, de fond en comble, in 1553, after a siege of six
weeks.
The port, of Boulognel formed by two large_ basins,'joined together by a beautiful quay, and defended by
many forts, was thus, as we before observed, aggrandised

• Well aware that every effort would be employed to
increase the military strength of Great Britain after the
, war, he commenced and nearly completed, with a de-
; spatch perhaps unexampled in history, the most im-
mense armament ever destined for the invasion of any
country. Despairing of being able to raise the French
marine to an equality with that of Britain, he conceived
the mighty project of rapidly constructing and uniting
at Boulogne, a flotilla capable of conveying an army
sufficiently powerful to attempt the invasion and conquest
of England. He had satisfactorily ascertained that any
number of French gun-boats * could sail with perfect
safety along their own shores, and reach, under the
protection of their numerous batteries, that port, where
once arrived, they were equally safe from hostile attack.
Boulogne was therefore made the centre and head-quar-
ters of his vast preparations, and the point from which
he meditated forcing the passage of the English Channel
The national vanity, and national prejudices of France,
encouraged the project ; and as no circumstance could
flatter the pride, or increase the power of France, so
much as the conquest of England, the hope held eut by
its attainment, inclined most of the Continental Powers
to consider Great Britain as already subjugated.
No truth could be more clear at the time than that the'
conquest of Britain would have given Bonaparte uni-
versal empire, and when England escaped that calamity
she owed it, under the Divine Providence, to that spirit
of rational liberty and genuine patriotism in the inhabi-
tants of this isle, on which her Government found, in
the moment of danger, that the most unbounded, confi-
dence could be placed. Had the men of our kingdom
acted under despotic rule, our island could scarcely hare
escaped the danger with which it was menaced,
while, at the same time, its population could not
afford to maintain a rraval superiority, or to keep up a
regular force to cope with the immense armies of France.
The spirit of that lofty freedom, which has fur ages
animated the British nation, made, however, ample
amends for every deficiency, and baffled the calculations,
and faistrated the object of the immense preparations
of Bonaparte. A vast army of volunteers was imme-
diately formed in our kingdom, for the additional security
of the empire ; and there can be no doubt, from the
spir,i,t nod tvlinsiasm iii 11,4.144,,Atat..syste_m waii ena.
bailWer that Such an :auxiliary force, in conjunction with ,
the regular troops, and the invaluable militia of the
country, would have been sufficient to repulse any force
which France could spare, or her flotilla convey. All
the Menaces and preparations of France, indeed, pro-
duced no other effect than to consolidate and strengthen
the defensive system of our island, and teach her to
know and feel her own strength and security, and grandeur.
Still it must be allowed that no little trepidation ex-
isted in English hearts at the expected invasion, and
Hazlitt has painted these qualms with due effect. He
thus speaks:—
" While Bonaparte's projected expedition was viewed
with various sentiments at home, and was ridiculed by
many as childish and extravagant, from a comparison
of the gun-boats with the size of the British men-of-
war, it caused a great deal of bustle and alarm (serious
or affected) on this side the Channel. All our fleets were
put into requisition, from . the Baltic to the Tagus, from
the Tagus to the coasts of Sicily. Upwards of five hun-
dred ships of war scoured around the shores. By land
the hubbub and consternation was not less. Britain
armed from one end to the other to repel the threatened
invasion. An army of volunteers sprung up like grass-
hoppers. Every hill had its horseman; every bush or
brake its sharpshooter. Petitions were put into our
Liturgy to deliver us from an insolent and merciless foe,
who was about to swallow us up quick;' nor was there
a church-door in the remotest corner of Great Britain
on which was not posted a call on high and low, rich and
poor, to bestir themselves in the common defence, pro-
ceeding from Cobbett's pen. What a difference between
that period and the present! France seemed then to
rear up and enlarge its vaunted power, as if it would
fall and crush us; the revolutionaay hydra haunted and
took sleep from our eyes; now we can scarcely find its
faded form in the map, ad it is no more to us than if it
had never existed, or than if the waters of the Channel
had rolled their briny ooze over it."
Among the soldiers of the old time, the chief reason
alleged for the erection of this Column was to commemo-
rate Napoleon's distribution of the first decoration of the
Legion of Honour, which took place on the plain at Bou-
logne in August 15, 1804. This distribution was used by
Napoleon as a means of exciting the enthusiasm of the
assembled army, and to dispose them to obey promptly
the.l first give. The distribution of the
Honours signalstookplhaceemcignaht vast plain near the site of the
Column ; a little hill formed the throne of Napoleon
in the mdst of his soldiers ; there he stationed himself
with his Staff, and around this centre of glory, the
regiments were drawn up in lines, like so many diverging
rays. From this throne, which had been erected by the.
hand of nature, Napoleon delivered a form of oath, which
was the signal for a general burst of enthusiasm. The
Emperor was in ecstasy. "Fortune," says De Bourrienne,
" then seemed obedient to his wishes. A storm came on
during this brilliant day, and it was apprehended that
part of the flotilla would have suffered. Bonaparte
quitted the hill from which he had distributed the
crosses, and proceeded to the port to direct what mea-
sures should be taken, when upon his arrival the storm
ceased as if by enchantment. The flotilla entered the
port safe and sound, and he went back to the camp, where
the sports and amusements prepared for the soldiers com-
menced ; and in the evening the brilliant fire-works
which were let off, rose in a column, which was distinctly
seen from the
rEsanyh the old survivors
coast."gelristhhanthe attempt
It Was to commemorate
tGh!sndsparelcntearcile,e,
at
of the Guard and
at invasion, which
caused the Column to be erected, and by the new inscrip-
tions which are now to be carved on the east and west
sides of the pedestal, this statement is at once con-
firmed :
INSCRIPTION ON THE SOUTHERN SIDE OF THE
PEDESTAL. -
SYR • CE ' RAVAGE
NAPOLEON • EN • PRESENCE ' DE • LA • GRANDE • ARMEE
DISTRIBVA ' LES • DECORATIONS • DE • LA • LEGION
D'HONNEVR
AVE • SOLDATS • AVE • CITOYENS
QVI • AVAIENT BIEN ' MERITS ' DE • LA • PATRIE
LE • XIIIE • COMMANDS • PAR ' LE • MARECHAL ' SOYLT
ET •LA FLOTTE • SOVS • LES 'ORDRES •DT •CONTRE •AMIRAL
SRVIEX
VOTLVRENT
PERPETVER • LE • SOVVENIR , DE • CETTE • lOVRNEE • PAR

VN • MONVMENT
LOVIS • PHILIPPE I. ' ROI ' DES • FRANCAIS
ACHEVE • CETTE COLONNE
CONSACREE
PAR •LA • GRANDE • ARMEE • A NAPOLEON
M. DCCC. XLI.
" On this spot, IGth of August, 1804, Napoleon, in
presence of the Grand Army, distributed the decorations
of the Legion of Honour to the soldiers and citizens who
had deserved well of their country. The four corps com-
manded by Marshal Soult, and the flotilla under the
command of Vice-Admiral Bruer.
" Wishing to perpetuate the remembrance of this day
by a monument, Louts Philippe 1., King of the French,
finished this Column, consecrated by the Grand Army of
Napoleon."
The Latin inscription is on the northern side of the
Column : it is cut on a slab of very coarse dark marble,
and the letters look very strange, being painted in flaring
red. It is thus worded :
INSCRIPTION ON THE NORTHERN SIDE.
LVDOVICVS • PHILIPPVS • L
PRANCORVM . REX
QVIBVS • IN LOCIS • NEAPOLIO • am
EXERCITVI • FLORENTISSIMO • INVICTO • PROPVGNATORI

PATTIAZ.
INSIGNIA • LEGION'S • HONORATVK • DE • SVGGESTV
DISTRIBVIT
YII • XEMOSIA MS • MEI • QV' : TVIT D • XVI. • AVGvST

ANN. M.DCCC.IV.
GLOMA ' QVE ' ZURCITYS