The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TIitTRSnAY MORNING, JANUARY 14, 1847


afore all, the i)cturc, of the grand lolka should be

to the hgnoiness of her home .she will find at once
her most honourable and happiest employment.

TALES OF FLMALE IiEROISM. Vol. I.
The object of this little volume and the benefits to
be derived from its perusal'are so excellently well set
forth in its preface that we cannot do better than let
our -readers see it and judge for themselves.
" In bringing together s,me traits of female heroism,
the aim has been to show the fortitude and devotion of
which women are capable, rather in a feminine and do-
mestic aspect than a brillant ore, and to exhibit acts of
courage and presence of mind in characters distinguished
by their conscientious fulfilment of the quiet, unobtru-
sive duties of every-day life. Love of adventure, con-
stitutional indifference to danger, and a consciousness of
superior powers, have led woman to the successful per-
formance of many high anti daring exploits; but it has
been wished to prove that such constitutional peculiari-
ties are not required to make a heroine; while the na-
tural emotions of timidity and fear need be no hindrances
to the develovment of true heroism. It only needs that
the mind, trained and discipline d to obey the will, shall
have force to overcome the weakness of the body; that,
clear to see its duty, the heart shall be prompt, at any
sacrifice to perform it. Not that there shall be no na •
tural feer or shrinking, but that the occasion shall he
felt vreat enough to overcome them. Every one who
accustoms herself, in small as well as great things, to do
at once, and in a cheerful sprit, what is to be done—
who takes upon herself the duties that fall to her lot—
who u-es no vain delays— who does the thing she fears,
and thus learns to know the joy and the strength ltat
every such eff .rt bringa wiqi it—is educating herself to
be a heroine. It may be that the even tenor of her life
will never call out her full powers; but, should the mo-
ment of action ever come, noble impulses will be hers,
and she will have strength to obey them. Her heart
and hand will be equal to the energy that claim her
aid. When others are contending in vain against the
slackness and indolence which, from long indulgence,
have grown into habit, and unable to realize- what the.
occasion requires of :hem, are bewildered with feat- and
overwhelmed and stupified by the present danger; she
will feel a composure marvellous to herself; a power of
guiding, directing, acting ; a serenity giving even the
timid confidence, and sustaining her own spirit through
all."

There woman reign;—the mother. (laughter, wife,
Straws with fresh flowers the narrow way of life.
I❑ the ciear heaven of h. :r delighted eye
An angel guard of doves and graces lie.
Around her kness domestic virtues meet,
And fireside pleasures gambol at her feet."
To add to the happiness of home, by pointing out and
enforcing the duties of a wife, is the object of the
volume now before us. Its chapters are all devoted
to this important subject; much advice is given
thereon, some excellent, some perhaps not quite so
good—but that after all is matter of opinion. Doubt-
less much may be learned from its pages, but if its
injunctions be not literally complied with its object
will be most likely accomplished by en-
gendering habits of thought on such im-
portant, and often too much neglected, subjects.
Like its predecessor, " The English Gentlewoman,"
this volume is more particularly addressed to ladies
of the higher classes—duties, of course, are the same
in all ranks, but there are many minor points neces-
sary to be treated of in a work of practical advice.
The concluding lines of the preface, describing the
main object of the whole, may be correctly addressed
to individuals of every class. "My present work,"
says the authoress, " is intended, with the grace and
help of our Heavenly Father, to assist +t he happy to
cherish, not to throw away, their blessings—to direct
the afflicted how best to remedy the griefs which
prudence and patience may mitigate or assuage, how
to beat those calamities for which there is no present
help, no visible cure, but which a fortified mind, an
humble, trusting spirit, and the habit of making the
best of every occurrence, may enable the most unfor,
tunate to overcome."

The RAIL WAY SHAREHOLDERS' MANUAL;
or, Practical Guide to all the Railways in the World,
Comp!etcd, in Progress. and Projected; forming an
entire Railway Spiopsis, indispensable to all in-
terested in Railway Locomotion. To which is added
a Correct List of the Offices and Officers of Existing
Apt Projected Railways. Eighth Edition. By Henry
Tack.
This, the eighth edition of Tuck's Manual, which
is, perhaps, the most complete work on railway sta-
tistics that has ever been published, contains the
Report of the Select Committee on Railway Acts
Enactments in extenso—copious abstracts of the ge-
neral Acts affecting railway companies which were
passed during the last session—instructions to share-
holders as to the powers which they possess under the
various Acts of Parliament—rates of brokers' com-
mission--Lthe laws regulating shareholders, specu-
lators, and brokers—the statistics of all the railways
now complete—a list of the railway Bills introduced
into Parliament during the session of 1846, and the
proceedings in each—a list of amalgamated railways
—another of new schemes—a table showing the
prices of shares every half year for the last eight
years, &c. &c. &c. In short it is all but impossible
to require any information on the subject of railways
in general, or of any individual railway in par-
ticular, that cannot be found in Tuck's Manual.

Among the heroines selected to illustrate by their
example the above admirable remarks are—Lady
Fanshawe, Lady Griselle 13aillie, Flora lki‘Donald,
Helen Walktr (the original of Jeanie Deans),
Madame de la Rochsjaquolin, and some of the
heroines of the revolution ; and many others of
similar character, some unknown to fame but not the
less entitled to the name of heroine. The various
histories are related in a very interesting manner.
The little volume is well got up; the binding is
very excellent, being sufficiently elegant in appear-
ance though very quiet and unassuming, and
evidently one calculated for every day wear—a sort
Of type of the characters which its lessons are designed
to encourage.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
BETTING AT MANCIIETER—TUESDAY.
CHESTER CUP.
50 to 1 on the field—offered.
DERBY.
115 to 2 agst Van Tromp—offit 35 to 1 agst Want-4a
13 to 1 agst Epirote-6fferel :35 to 1 agst Allertm Lan
17 to 1 agat Planet—offered 1000 to 15 agst West India
25 to 1 agst Glentilt Planter
27 to 1 agst sis to Cobweb colt 1000 to 15 agst colt out of
33 to 1 agst Old Port—offered Calypso's dam.
35 to 1 agst Lunedale

AN ARGUMENT FOR VOLUN-

EASTERN UNION AND HADLEIGH
JUNCTION RAILWAY.
The first general meeting of the proprietors of the East.
ern Union and Hadleigh Junction Railway was held yes-
terday afternoon, at the offices of the company in King
William street; Mr J. Allen Ransome, deputy-chairman
of the board of directors, in the chair.
The report stated that the directors had arranged to
sell the line to the Eastern Union Railway Company, and
if the proprietors sanctioned the sale, steps would be
taken for the early dissolution of the company. The di-
rectors had recently been c ngaged in promoting an exten-
sion in the direction of Lavenham, but for the present
the undertaking had been abandoned. The expenses,
however, consequent upon that proceeding would not fall
upon the shareholders of this company. The engineer had
reported that the line would be ready for traffic in the
autumn of the present year, and held out expectations
that the cost of the works would be considerably less
than the capital authorised to be raised by the Act of
Parliament. The gross receipts amounted to 16,1:39/.
is.lOd., andin expenditure,hand
edoti462 Iw. d.
t 06,6676/. 17s. 4d., leaving
a balance
On the motion of the CHAIRMAN, the report was una-
nimously adopted.
The usual routine business of a first ordinary meeting,
namely, the appointment of directors with a reg unera-
tion of 400/. per annum, two auditors at 10/. each, and
a secretary with a salary of 2001. per annum, having
been gone through, the shareholders resolved themselves
into a special meeting for the purpose of considering the
terms of sale to the Eastern Union Company.
The agreement stated that the Eastern Union and
Hadleigh Junction Railway should become the property
of the Eastern Union Company upon the following con-
litions:—The Hadleigh proprietors to construct their
line under the advice and direction of the Eastern Union
directors, who were to have power to control the ex-
penditure. The line t, be completed and delivered to
the Eastern Union Company within twelve months.
The Hadleigh Company to call up 6/. 13s. 4d. upon each
of their shares, or such proportion thereof, not being
less than 5/. per share, as the works would require, in-
cluding the deposit of It ls., and to borrow or call up
the residue of the capital as might hereafter be thought
proper. The Eastern Union Company to pay the
cost price of the line, including every description
of expenses, the money to be paid in three thousand
Eastern Union quarter shares of 121. 10s. each, that
amount being considered as paid up. Interest was to be
allowed at the rate of 4i per cent. on all calls till the
c mpletion of the line.
The agreement was approved of, and the meeting
terminated with the customary vote of thanks to the
Chairman.

TARYISM.

UPPER-MILL, IN SADDLEWORTIL—On the evening of
Chr wrnas-day, tl teachers of the Sunday school in
connexion with the Independent chapel in this village,
held their annual tea party. The spacious school-room
was adorned for the occasion in a very tasteful, sylvan
style. The room was thronged by ladies and gentlemen
to the number of about 400. The minister of the plaee
presided; and in succession called on thirteen speaker:,
all teachers in that school, and five or six of them
having been scholars there, to which circumstance must
be attributed their 'present marked piety and deep re-
ligious feeling, their respectable attainments, and the
rapid development of talents of superior promise. The
speeches possessed various merit ; several were of a
highly intellectual character. The very important ques-
tion of a State education was not forgot ; and Dr.
Vaughan was severely reprehended for the side of that
question which he has so strangely taken, though his
known (talent as a preacher (having been engaged to
advocate that very school the last summer), and his pro-
found knowledge as a - divine, were fully and freely
acknowledged by the speaker, who denounced the system
of State interference advocated by the learned, but in-
consistent and erring doctor. This subject seems to be
well understood by the teachers of the said school; and
the writer felt pleasure in learning how abhort cot to
their ideas and feelings are the dictation, supervision,
and other unknown, vexatious, and paralyzing Go-
vernment interferenc,,s, iwhick they are persuaded are
consequent on the system in question. Knowing how
the thirteen speakers obtained their knowledge, the
writer could not help thinking that they fernish an incon-
testable proof of the perfect adequacy of the voluntary
system to furnish as good an education as the working
population require. Saddleworth, at all events, needs no
educational help from Government, and wishes not to be
taxed for grants to other townships. It possesses Sun-
day school accommodation for about 4,400, being ons.
fourth of the entire population. Besides which, there
are four large schools just out of Saddleworth, but
starving on the border, and receiving scholars from the
township, which are calculated to hold about 2,000
more. Nearly all the numerous Sunday schools are also
used as day schools. If all townships, in respect to
education, will do as Saddleworth has done (and not a
sprig of aristocracy grows in any part of the forest),
Drs. Hook, Vaughan and Co., may spare a good portion
of their effervescing anxiety for the boys of England,
and bestow it on the adults occupying the upper forms
—the men and women in their several departments; to
whose improvement their great learning, and their high
professional skill seem more peculiarly adapted, and
whose condition surely demands their especial attention,
—Correspondent of the Leeds Mercury.

FOOD RIOTS IN DUBLIN,
Before eight o'clock on Friday morning, a mob, con-
sisting of between forty and fifty persons, many of them
mere boys, commenced an attack upon the bakers' shops
in the neighbourhood of Summer-hill, Britain-street,
and Abbey-street. Owing to the early hour and the
unexpectedness of the outbreak, they were enabled to
carry on their depredations without let or hindrance.
The rioters bad the appearance of country people, and
came from the northern outlets of the city. When they
had reached Abbey-street two policemen interfered, and
endeavoured to disperse the crowd, but without any
effect, several men exclaiming that they had been with-
out food for twenty-four hours, and that bread they
should have. They surrounded a bread cart belonging
to Mr. Walsh, baker, of No. 3, Dorset-street, and at
once commenced rifling its contents. In spite of the
resistance of the driver, they succeeded in taking away
forcibly twenty loaves of bread and about a dozen
rolls, value about ten or eleven shillings. They then
went off, some devouring the bread with evident vora-
city. Afterwards, between one and two o'clock, a body
of twelve peasants assembled in Marlborough-street, in
front of the house of a provision-dealer named M'Coy,
living at No. 20, in that street, and afterwards at the
houses Nos. 91 and 92 in the same street, tenanted by
Mr. Cavanagh and Mr. Fitzharris, bakers, and demanded
bread. The men were relieved at each place, and some
gentlemen passing by at the time also gave them some
money. Inspector IVl'Mahon despatched acting-seageant
Petit after them, with tour police constables, who fol-
lowed tnem, to watch their movements. They pro-
ceeded down Marlborough -street to Eden-quay, and
again stopped before Mr. Coyne, the bread and biscuit
baker, residing there, and repeated their demand for
bread ; but on seeing the police approaching, they re-
tired, and passed over Carlisle-bridge, in the direction
of Westmoreland-street. A mob surrounded the shop
of Mr. Jeffers, baker, of Church-street, but the police
being in the vicinity, they were called on, and succeeded
in dispersing the mob. Several bread carts were stopped
in the outlets of the city, and their contents taken.
The rioters continued their depredations up to ten
o'clock on Friday night, and owing either to the
inequality of numbers or want of energy in the police,
succeeded in plundering a great number of bakeries in
the neighbourhood of the liberty, as well as in the
northern ends of the city. So formidable had the ap-
pearance of the mob become towards evening that the
inhabitants of Nicholas-street, Thomas-street, and the
s'

reets adjacent, closed their shops and suspended busi-
ness by the advice of the police authorities. In Patrick-
street the crowd came into collision with the constabu-
lary, the result of which was that two of the latter were
beaten, one, it is said, very severely. The alarm created
by the outbreak was considerably heightened by a re-
port that some of the ringleaders were possessed of fire-
arms; and on making inquiry of spectators of the riots
the statement was repeated in the most positive terms,
although it is not alleged that that there was any disposi-
tion evinced to pnt them into use, and it is thought
hey were displayed solely for the purpose of intimidat-
ing such as might feel disposed to resist their demands.
fhe WeeAly Register contains the following account of
the renewed rioting which took place on Saturday morn-
ing :—" About half-past six o'clock this morning (at
which time the bakers' carts are sent out), a large body
of people from the surrounding country assembled on
Essex-bridge, and. separating, stopped and rifled an
immense number of bread-carts of their contents. All
the bread shops in Capel-street were then visited, and
completely emptied. A party marched down Britain-
street, in which the-shops shared a similar fate. All the
carts, also, which were not protected by the police, were
despoiled of their contents. At this hour (eleven o'clock)
the few bakers' carts passing the streets have police
mount' ion them to protect them from plunder. The
horse police are patrolling the neighbourhoods most
liable to attack. The state of the liberties—at the best
of times a sink of destitution—is described to us as truly
frightful, the people dying of
disease and famine un-
heeded and untalked of. All the bread shops in Patrick-
street, Francis-street,
&c., were visited this morning,
and more or less of their contents carried off by a vast
number of country people who came down from the
Dublin mountains and neighbourhood. It is expected
that ail the shops will be closed at an early hour this
evening, as it is feared a vast concourse of strangers
will come into town to-nigh, to renew more ex-
tensively the scenes of plunder which took place this

morning.
" I may add to this, what I myself know to be a fact,
that parties of tw,t and three sturdy fellows are now
visiting the houses in the suburbs, whose ibi-
tants they suppose to be absent, an_d
knocking at the
doors, force an entrance as soon as it is opened, and
then by menaces compel the female inmates to give
them money. Several of the rioters have been brought
before the police magistrates during the day' and when
charges Tere substantiated against them they have been
committed for trial; in other instances they have been
the
sent to hard labour in penitentiaries in default of
.ork. Some of
bail to keep the peace. The parties thus could par
not destitute, but idle, profligate fellows e
cure labour if they were willing to w
who o
them are butcher's boys. The leadtr is said to have
recently drove a baker's cart—but the great ma j
the hauntsority
of dishonest and dangerous characters."
are from the outlets of the city, known as

e,Tliwts2disa.S9._s. Windt Rambler, troi stSwa.
vi:;n,' S.,fi
aNnahs;t3rll).e—di se.
mhhr ,
e. —fros
Gaspard
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riro
odraodjh.
deh. i
snnt Cama,snwNot
snoi
einwhi
ep, , I'
tight
Sid.
Br i airs,
111
il i dna-t n.LdoEt
Evans,
ai dull,
LONDON, JAN. la.—
, WLn:DE.._...lEud.QP'suoineb,NeNewfYLoorkn.don. hazy weather.
ni
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En I,"
Al: Idrareudr ru. isteiLhu
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Chase,
Wdihso..n....'Ai rrd. Norfo l k ,Rogers, Bos-
DirkvtiEnsi.Rts,iocrtn,oo.).;
jzoo,hsnpj,rAseNyx..,
C Torn,h IPorto
FyO•aFIIF. Hung- ii ,O.Ro NORTH
LLOYD'S;r z.E_i
3Ripley,rt 8 H I P
The latter
Demerara.e
sw Wanderer,as
abandoned r r ies
_L.: no. dnitnh_
the
OFF CAPE
DUBLIN' JAN' ll 1 anew Orl
, eans.
tßotnu,iflosnr.iiickre;mNenas.isiarintait
CowEs,j AJANICI.IIII.; ,v in
23d ult., lat. 45,
jAN. lo2s.t—bowsprit, c. Off port, British
damage, having been in contact wi:
Bristol. -
LIMERICK, JAN. ll.—Wind s 1!-, Sid. Susan Green,
Rotheral, New York; Ann Moore, M'Fee, ditto.
SLIGO, JAN. 10.—The Dorada. Cordier, of and friolimaorpyDe.aunnd-
lon. 9, in a sinking state. Crew taken off _
by- the Laurel,
Roach, arrived here, and transferred to the
.1-°r
Valparaiso;iL , Sid
for Nantes.
IpfANb
ee
17,
CORK, JAN. 10.—Wind S.S. E. —Arrd. Circassian,
E 1 OFFiizil: t
P,waorteis :t FOLKESTONE—CharIes,stj.AJNO.b
D,,is
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dun
Newfoundland
, 1.
aCsnatdpi_ro r
'•°"iths Curry,
Cuba, for Swansea.
CLYDE, JAW. 11.—Wind E.N.E.—Arrd. Ciudad de Vic
Sarah,tVic-
toria,
a'DleVi da'tt,
Cherokee, Wyllie New York; Athol, Fraser, Mobile
I tan
Batavia;za s ; Pcei
tnyt uoctk
York,et, T y(:,t
SCILLY, JAN. 'll.—Wind S.S.E. —Arrd. 5. '
Brown, Poole for Wallace, N.S. 7. Enterprise 1
SL John's, Newfoundland, for Torquay. Hunter, Burrell,
OFF DUNGENESS, JAN. 11.—Clinton, Doane, New
Isles,KHk ie3ir,rarlßfißTß:ootsalb,h:soi
soaun.tiTi
for Antwerp. Orleans
OFF HASTINGS, JAN. 11.—Waterloo, Batavia
Am-
sterdam. for
RELIEF TO THE HOMEWARD-BOUND TRADE.
A dispatch has been received at Lloyd's fro
ralty, announcing the return of her Majesty' mo the p
M '
Athol-
s ,
to Plymouth, after being off e 3 Scilly for some d
.8, and speak-
slo
utine
ing many vessels, but none requiring assistance.
' jestv's ship Quesn, has been sent to cruise t Her
Ma-
Scilly, for ten days, fur the relief of the o the S.W. of
homeward-bound
trade,

NEW COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF FOR BOMBAY.—We
have real la to believe that Sir illoughby Cotton has
been appointed Commander-in-Chief for the Bombay
Presidency.— The Home News.

S 111
EARLY CLOSING MOVEMENT. ION THE STATISTICS OF .0
• T;7I
A public tea meeting of the members of the Chelsea , The paper read before the Statistical S 'otisa kfke'
district of the Metropolitan Early Closing Association British Assosiation, at their great meeting 10,4,----74:0.,, •
was held on Tuesday evening last, which was z ume- ton in Ssetembsr last, by F. P. le'deon, Es k..ei't€ a.-•••""-
rously and respectably attended, a considerable portion ; bur, publisLed the Stotistiea/Jouena/.
of the assembly being composed of ladies. Mr. Slime!' : This mo.t admirable and elaborate paper, pressiter/g' vl ~ "..1
•
was called to the chair, and, after the refreshments were analysis of crime in the several counties of Englihla and
removed, proceeded to address the meeting. He alluded Wales for the years 1842, 1843, 1844, shows the relative
to the importance of the early closing question, as re- criminal state of manufacturing and aericultural dis-
spected its bearings upon society in general, and pointed tricts, es well as of the population of differ. nt ages and
out particularly that, with all assistant tradesmen, it both sexes. By a most laborious series of corrections
ought to be the " question of questions," for if they and comparisons, it is not only proved that given ages
supported it not, from whom were they entitled to look invariably produce given amounts of crime, compared
for assistance. Various appropriate sentiments were with the gross crime of the whole population ; but, also,
then submitted to the meeting, and respectively spoken that there is an index, and only one, by which crime
to by Mr. Nash, the secretary of the Association ; Mr. may be computed, and this is the grade of education of
Shipton, Mr. Rogers, the distsict secretary, and other the population.
gentlemen ; the importance of the question in an edu- This curious discover have the mot mp
cational point of point of view being especially insisted results, when
made knownmustne gerally, fur it
priovesortant that
on and Mr. Nash reiterating, as ho said, in the name ignorance is the parent of crime, and that even the small
of the Association, what he had frequently asserted amount of primary education obtained by our working
before, that its sympathies were confined to no particu- classes raises them comparatively above the commission
lar class, but embraced all who suffered from the evils of legal offences. Thus it appears from the general ac-
of excessive toil ; and none more than the over tasked count of crimes committed, there are 21 female to 100
dressmaker and the ill-remunerated needlewoman, male criminals, and only 19 female to 100 mule criminals
whose sex gave them a still stronger claim to protee• between the ages of 20 to 29. Agein, of male population
tion. After passing a vote of thinks to the Chairman, lin every 336 commits a crime annually-, while only lin
and one to the District Secretary, for his general atten 1,581 females has been charged with offence,: showing
Pion to his duties, the meeting separated. the tendency to crime of our males to be about five to
one of that of our females.
The vast imperaince of irfluencing the character of
boys trona 15 to 20 is deducible leer the above, for that
period is the one givinis the grtutest amount of crime
(except the sum. (dine five y ears from 20 to 25, which
gives aboat ten per cent. more), the numbers being from
15 to 20, 16,534, ano from 20 to 25, 18,056. Crime,
from this lime of life, among males, decreases at the
rate of ab lit 33 per cent. sor ever) quinquennial period
cf life. The results to he expected from evening schools,
reading-rooms, lectures, and cheap libraries for the in-
struction and innocent amusement of males from 15 to
25, under these circumstances, le cause more important,
as baying a direct as well as indirect action on crime:
far more every greater effort for giving moral and re-
ligious impressions. Hitherto youth has been greatly
neglected at this period of life; the only efforts at edu-
cation and religious training being made previous to the
fifteenth year, efforts generally ceasing altogether when
the tendency to crime rises to its greatest intensity. By
a comparison of counties (tables being drawn up for
each), we find in the manufacturing counties, Lancaster
giving crimes fir all ages, 1 in 290 inhabitants; Stafford,
1 in 268; Leicester, 1 in 246; Warwick, 1 in 236;
Worcester, 1 in 221. While of the purely agricultural
counties—Sussex, 1 in 362; Westmoreland, 1 in 1,040;
Oxford, 1 in 302; Hants, 1 in 342; Dorset, 1 in 456;
Cornwall, 1 in 762; Cumberland, 1 in 1,061. If the
whole group (says Sir. Ncison) of the great northern
and midland mining and manufacturing districts be
taken, it will be seen that there is exactly 2.3 per cent.
less crime than would be according to the average for all
England and Wales; while in the agricultural counties
there is an excess of 5.9 per cent. Again, if the various
groups of the manufacturing and mining districts be ex-
amined, it will be found that in the northern mining
districts, which includes Cumberland, Northumberland,
and Durham, crime is 52.1 per cent, below the average,
and in the cotton and woollen manufacturing districts,
including Lancashire and Yorkshire, crime is 7 per cent.
under the average of the whole country. But on the
other hand, in the two remaining districts, the one com-
posing the cotton, woollen, and lace fabric district in-
cluding Chester, Derby, Nottingham, and Leicester, and
the other composing the hardware, pottery, and glass
manufacturing districts, inclnding Staffordshire, War-
wickshire, and Worcestershire, there is an excess of
crime of 8.5 tar cent. in the former, and 33.5 per cent.
in the latter, above the average of the whole kingdom.
Contrasting the various sections of the agriCultural
group with them, they will be seen to present a remark-
able uniformity. The excess of crime in the first division
being 5'3 per cent., in the second 5.7 per cent., and in
third 6.8 per cent., while the excess for the whole of the
agricultural districts combined has been shown to be
5.9 per cent. It is evident that there is something in
the mining and manufacturing condition of the people
having a powerful influence in regulating the amount
of crime; as in one portion, including Staffordshire and
Worcestershire, there is an excess of 33.5 per cent.;
while in another, consisting of Cumberland, Northum-
berland, and Durham, crime is 52 per cent. below the
average. A group of counties, having the smallest ratio
of agriculturists. gives a ratio of crime 4.6 per cent.
above the average. Another in which the ratio of agri-
culturists is the hiehest, also 4.6 above the average; the
highest ratio of manufacturers 17'7 per cent, of crime
above the average; least ratio of manufacturers 2.9 less
than the average ; agriculture and manufacture equal,
4.5 above the average. Counties of the greatest wealth
e.,—i. having the greatest number of inhabitants of in-
dependent means, B'B less than the average, and those of
the least wealth 1.1 below the average.
There is no satisfactory test of education, but if the
autograph signature of names in marriage registers, com-
pared with the number of marks, be considered some-
thing approaching to it, we may obtain this, and apply
it to the average of crime in different districts. Now,
the average of those males who make their marks, to
those who sign their names in marriage registers, since
the New Marriage Act, is 33 per cent.
It will be recollected, too, that the age of the greatest
crime and of the greatest number of marriages is about
similar. Mr. Neison has prepared a variety of tables
showing groups of counties which have the greatest
number of marks, giving also their average of crime.
From these it appears that in the first group, containing
Lancaster, Stafford, Monmouth, Chester, and Warwick,
where the greatest ratio of marks is found, the highest
amount of crime exists; while in a group of Dui ham.
Surrey, Northumberland, Derby, Gloucester, where the
least ratio of marks exists, there also the crime is consi-
derably below the average of England.
Taking the eleven most agricultural counties, we find
those which give the greatest amount of marks exceed
in the ratio of crime as 16 is to 15; while those which
have the least amount of marks (though some are a
little over the average) show a ratio of crime just above
the average.
In the table of the ten greatest manufacturing counties
(including Middlesex), the greatest number of marks
(indicating the least education) is again accompanied by
crime in excess above the averge of 24.8 per cent., or
excluding Lancashire, 48 per cent.; in the section of
highest education the excess of crime is 24.2 per cent.,
and excluding Middlesex only 16'4 per cent. Again, in
the table of least manufactuing counties, the excess of
4.3 of crime exists with least education, and with highest
education crime is 81 below the average. In the ma-
nufacturing group of counties it is seen that in the sec-
tion of least education crime is 15'8 per cent. above the
average, but in the section of most education 7.2 per
cent. below the average; in the prominently agricultural
counties, with the lowest grade of education, crime is in
excess 10.4 per cent., but where the highest grade of
education exists crime is below the average 2.6 per cent.,
and in every instance it appears, after examining a
variety of combinations in the tables, that an increase
of crime is associated with a low state of education. All
the other combinations and arrangements made to deter-
mine the actual element in the increase and decrease of
crime were unsuccessful, and produced no satisfactory
result ; in fact, they did not lead to the discovery of
any condition or circumstances of life which was peculiar
to one district more than another, as affording an index
of crime; but as soon as the educational test is intro-
duced, it immediately analyses groups and districts into
a uniform and regular series, which before showed the
most contradictory results. If a few exceptions ap-
peared, they might suggest the propriety of a still fur-
ther refinement in the analysis, but the regularity is so
remarkable, that it immediately becomes evident that
one very powerful element, at least, has been deter-
mined, and one on which legislation and preventive
measures may easily be founded for the reduction of
crime and the elevation of the moral condition of the
people.

GRAY'S INN, JAN. 13.—Sanitiel Simpson Toulmin,
Esq., was this day called to the degree of Barrister-at-
Law by the Honourable Society of Gray's-inn.
Paivr COUNCIL.--The Queen will hold a Privy
Council at Buckingham Palace, on Monday next, at two
o'clock.

On Monday evening, Dr. Bowring M.P., delivered
an address to the Inetabers of the Woolwich Institution
on " Hun an Progre,s." The Town Hall, in which the
address was delivered, was crowded on the occasion.
BORDER MARRIAGES.—A brisk trade seems at pre-
sent to be enjoyeo by the officials who celebrate these
marriages. Ilr. Dickson, who holds sway at Coldstream-
bridge, in one week lately tied the indissoluble knot in
no less than eight cases. The county of Northumber-
land, in general, furnishes the parties for these hasty
proceedings.—Aeleca•tle Advertiser.
The Austrian Government has just decided on
establishing a line of telegraphs from Vienna to Trieste,
a distance of rather more than 120 English miles.
FRANCE AND CHINA.--It is reported that one of
the commercial delegates who accompanied M. do La-
gr4nee in his mission to China has just been appl3latfl
general agent for French commerce at Canton. He will
have under him a deputy, who will reside at Macao.—
Galighani.
THE MALT-TAX.—There is to be no agitation for
an immediate repeal of the malt-tax. We have not been
prudence and discretion
Protection of thenSoeiety. Its members have
ofthe mistaken
Central
en in
troaul rpro estimate
resolved to wait upon Lord John Russell, and to repre-
sent to his Lordship the propriety of removing from
native industry the impost which at present clogs it, as
soon as the revenue of the country admits of such a
diminution of taxation, but to take no further immediate
steps for the abolition of the tax. Whilst we are fully
convinced of the wisdom of the present policy, we are
by no means insensible to the claims agriculture upon
the consideration of the Government, so soon as those
claims may be preferred with safety to the state, and
consistently with the welfare of the community at large.
—Morning paper.
TILE " GREAT BRITAIN " STEAMER...—The Tex
Towns Messenger, in communicating the information
that the directors have finally abandoned all intentions
of attempting to raise this ill-fated vessel, adds that a
Mr. Stead, having offered a plan for raising the ship,
was answered by Captain Claxton with the information
that this was the 412th similar offer the directors had
received.

GEORGE 111. AND LORD THURLOW.—Lord Eldon
used to relate the following anecdote :—Once when the
mind of George 111. was not supposed to be very strong,
I took down to Kew seine Acts for his assent, and I
placed on a paper the titles and the effect of them. The
King, perhaps suspicious that my coming down might be
to judge of his competence for public business, as I was
reading over the titles of the different Acts, interrupted
me and said, " You are not acting correctly, you should
do one of two things, either bring me down the Acts for
my perusal, or say, as Thurlow once said to me on a like
occasion : having read several, he stopped and said, ' It
was all d—d nonsense trying to make me understand
them' and that i bad better =bent to them at once."