The Sun.
London, England, 1840-04-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 20, 1840.

HE DUKE OF SUSS X.

-~b--

Case submitted to Dr. Lushington and Mr. Richards
regarding
the validity of his Royal Highness'3 Mar-
riage with Lady Augusta Murray.
" Your advice is N-posted, on behalf of Sir Augus-
tus d'Este, on the fuilos6ng case, which regards the
effect of a marriage contracted by his parents in 1793,
at Rome—beyond sea—and out of the jurisdiction
either of the British crown, or British Parliament.

At the close of the year 1792, his Royal High-
ness Prince Augustus Frederick of England, as son of
his Majesty King George 111., and of Brunswick as
son of the Elector of Hanover, being at Rome, be-
came acquainted there with the Right Hon. Lady
Augusta Murray, daughter of the Earl of Dunmore.
" His Royal Highness Prince Augustus and Lady
Augusta met at Rame by mere accident, and had pre-
viously been wholly unknown personally to each other.
An attachment having sprung up between them, after
an interval of several months they intermarried ; Sir
Augustus &Este is the son of that marriage, born about
nine months after its solemnisation.
" It may here be observed that Lady Augusta her-
self, being descended from a branch of the house of
Athol, after the Isle of Man had descended upon them
from the house of Derby, was member of a Sovereign
family. She was descended also from several Sovereigns
of Scotland, France, and England, and, amongst others,
from the House of Bourbon, and Henry VII. of Eng-
land (vide the table left herewith).
" The circumstances stated as to the illustrious
descent of the Earl of Dunmore are material so far only
as they regard Germany, and as indicating that there
was ❑ot, in the case of the marriage hereafter-mentioned,
that disparity of birth which would invalidate the mar-
riage, as to feudal inheritance, in that country. Even
in Germany, when a marriage is unequal, the wife is a
lawful consort to a certain extent ; and the children
legitimate for the purposes of civil succession. Earls,
however, it is well known, are of such high dignity in
England and Scotland, that originally they were the
only titles be;d by even princes of the blood ; as Dukes
and Marquises were then unknown.
t. The esteemed old English author, Gwillim (Display
of Heraldry, page 460,) says, " the title of Earl is very
ancient, the dignity very honourable, their calling being,
in sign of their greatnesse, adorned with the lustre of a
coronet, and themselves ennobled with the style of
Princes." All the German law books, treating of un-
equal marriages, allude to the marriage of Princes only
with " une bourgeoise, or simple demoiselle," but not
with the daughters of nobles of the higher class. Earls
in England are even presumed to be connected with
the blood of royalty, and objects of royal alliance.
On this account they are styled by the King " cou-
sins ;" whereas Viscounts and Barons are styled only

" well beloved."
" In addition, therefore, to the circumstance of the
lady's father being himself an Earl, is the fact of his
being descended from the Dukes of Athol, actual Sove-
reigns of Man. The Queen Consort of George 1.,
and mother of George 11., was the grand-daughter of
only a private French nobleman ; and yet the alliance
of the Duke of Zelle with this lady did not work any
incapacity in George 11. to succeed to the Electoral
dignity. The modern history, therefore, of the House
of Guelph illustrates the rule of German law, as above
laid down.

" It is, however, more material to call your atten-
tion to the circumstances, as connected with their legal
effect, under which the marriage at Rome took place.
" The marriage ceremony was performed, not as
has been erroneously supposed, by a Catholic priest,
but by a minister of the Church of England, according
to the liturgy of that Church ; and it was also pre-
ceded, a circumstance worthy of remark, by a written
formal contract of marriage, signed by both parties, al-
most per verbs de prcesenti, in the nature of espousals.
No possible formality, so far as religion was concerned,
appears to have been neglected.
" The following is the account given by his Royal
Highness, himself, of all the circumstances which led to
and accompanied this marriage. It effectually refutes,
and in a manner wholly incontrovertible, a variety of
unfounded reports and prejudices which have been cir-
culated ; invented maliciously, perhaps, at first, and
since too hastily credited.
It is taken from the duplicate of a letter of his
Royal-Highness to the late Lord Erskine (then Mr.
Erskine), all in his own handwriting, dated from Naples,
and so late as the 30th January, 1798. It may also be
observed that this letter was written whilst his Royal
Highness was living apart from the Lady, whom he de-
scribes himself as " standing forward, and claiming as
his wife "—whom he had not seen for a considerable
period, they being in different countries—after any first
impulse of juvenile ardour had ceased—and, therefore,
it must be considered as expressing the spontaneous,
deliberate, and fixed impressions of the illustrious per-
sonage from whom the letter proceeded.
The following are the most material passages in
this interesting document :
" A detail," says his Royal Highness, " of the circum-
stances which relate to me and my wife will put you in
a better way of judging the affair.
" In the month of December, 1792, being on my tra-
vels, I got acquainted at Rome with Lady Dunmore,
and her two daughters, who were just come from Na-
ples. Englishmen, when they meet in foreign countries,
generally keep their own national society. Such was
exactly my case. I used to live a great deal with my
fellow-countrymen, but the well-known accomplishments
of my wife (then Lady Augusta Murray) caught my
peculiar attention. After four months' intimacy, by
which I got more particularly acquainted with all her
endearing qualities, 1 offered her my hand, unknown to
her family, being certain beforehand of the objections
Lady Dunmore would have made me, had she been bi-
formed of my intentions. The candour and generosity
of my wife showed on this occasion by refusing the pro-
posal, and showing me the personal disadvantages I
should draw on myself, instead of checking my endea-
vours, served only to add new fuel to a passion, which
already no earthly power could ever more have extin-
guished. At length, after having convinced Augusta of
the impossibilit} of my living without her, I found an
English clergyman, and we were privately married at
Rome, in the month of April, 1793, according to the
rites of the English Church. Many people think that
Lady Dunmore was privy to this marriage, but of this I
must totally exculpate her ; for she never was informed
of it till three months after, when secrecy was of no
longer use ; and when I was fOrced to make it known to
her, for fear she should occasion my wife to miscarry."
" ' His Royal Highness proceeds to account for the
second marriage, in the following words :
" After having lived with Augusta some months,
though privately, I was recalled to England, when,
for fear of any difficulty being made as to the legality
of my child's birth, I eaused myself to be married a se-
cond time."
" Independently of this letter, Sir Augustus
d'Este has in his possession the following instrument,
in the handwriting and under the seal of his Royal
Highness, being the contract or espousals before al-
luded to.

" On my knees before God our Creator, I, Augustus
Frederick, promise thee Augusta Murray, and swear
upon the Bible, as I hope for salvation in the world to
come, that I will take thee, Augusta Murray, for my
wife, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sick-
ness and in health, to lose and to cherish, till death us
do part, to love but thee only, and none other, and may
God forget me if I ever forget thee. The Lord's name
be praised, so bless me, so bless us, 0 God, and with
my hand-writing do I Augustus Frederick this sign,
March 21, 1793, at Rome, and put my seal to it, and
my name."
(L.S.) Signed " AUGUSTA FREDERICK."
" • A similar engagement in the handwriting of Lady
Augusta, and signed by her, is subjoined at the foot
of the above paper ; and that the idea of it proceeded
from h's Royal Highness appears from the heading of
the paper, which is in the handwriting of his Royal
Highness, and is as follows :
As this paper is to contain the mutual promise of
marriage between Augus:us Frederick and Augusta
Murray, our mutual names must be put here by us
both, and kept in my possession. It is a promise nei-
ther of us can break, and is made before God our Cre-
ator, and all-merciful Father."
The clergyman who performed the marriage is
alive, but of very advanced age. Lady Augusta died
last year.
Sir Augustus d'Este or his posterity may, in the
possibilities of events, have to claim estates and honours
which may devolve to him from his maternal relations.
It becomes, therefore, necessary for him to ascertain
how he really stands according to law ; and how far the
marriage at Rome, be, or not, capable of being sup-
ported ; as in csse it be invalid, he cannot succeed, on
the part either of his mother or his royal father, to
any property, real or personal ; and he may be left, in
a manner, destitute.
" He is ale° in this singular and unprecedented
predicament with respect even to his own individual free-
dom, in regard to any marriage contracted by himself.
" ?If (as it has been contended in a treatise pub-
lished twenty years ago, by a learned gentlemen then
at the bar, (Sir John Dillon), the Royal Marriage Act,
does not, and cannot, in sound construction be made to
extend to marriages contracted and solemnized beyond
sea, (Vide the treatise left herewith), neither Sir Au-
gustus d'Este nor his sister, it is conceived, as de-
scendants of George 11., can conclude any marriage
themselves, however advantageous, unless they applied
to the Crown, under that Act, and gave notice to the
Privy Council ; waiting twelve months according to the
Statute. These parties are thus compelled to ascer-
tain their legal position ; if it were only to obtain their
own freedom from the obligation of the Royal Marriage
Act, and liberty to marry at their pleasure, with security.
With respect to the legal effect in this behalf, of
the sentence pronounced in the Court of Arches in
1794, it might be observed that it stands, and was pro-
e linrceudas regarding the marriage solemnised at Rome,
on o
very different from those on which was an-
nulled the marriage solemnised at St, George's, Ha
ver-square. As regarding the marriage at tone, the
Court seem to have proceeded principally on the con-
sideration, that the fact of such 3 Marriage having really

taken place, was not, as the case then stood, sufficiently
proved to the satisfaction of the Court. In fact, the
lad yhad not at that time the means of adducing, and
w,s induced by her necessities, and the promises of a
provision from the Crown, to abstain from bringing for-
ward the evidence now in the possession of Sir Augustus
d'Este. The Duke of Sussex, in the paper above
quoted, himself states, that "she was defenceiess in the
absence of her husband." There are also other grounds,
which it is noc; necessary on the present occasion to
state, on which it is conceived, that in a Temporal
Court deciding on the construction of an Act of Parlia-
ment, and in a case of property or honour, the decree
would be altogether avoided. It is sufficient at present
to observe, that the Duke of Sussex was no party to
the suit—that he was abroad at the time when it was
instituted, and sentence passed—that he did not ac-
quiesce at the time in that sentence ; but, on the con-
trary, in the letter above quoted, describes it as " bar-
barous, inhuman, procured by a fraud committed on

the naturally just feelings of King George lll.—a des-
potic and dreadful sentence." Such arc the -words of
his Royal Highness, applied by him so late as 1798.
" This law suit," says his Royal Highness, " was
begun immediately after my departure from England, in
January, 1784, and conducted with gloat inhumanity,
as it is not only not sanctioned by the laws of our own
country, but even in strict defiance of them.. My wife
was prosecuted the second day after she was brought
to bed, and perfectly defenceless, for her husband was
absent."

" Indeed the contract above set forth, purports, on
the face of it, that it was to remain with the Prince.
" Much further eviience, also, is in possession of
Sir Augustus d'Este ; showing his royal father's oppo-
sition to the sentence down to a much later period than
1798 ; and also " that. he considered,- and ever would
acknowledge his son Augustus Frederick, as his true,
legitimate, and lawful son." . . .

" ' Under these circumstances, your opinion is re-

quested :
" Ist. Whether the Royal Marriage Alt extends
to marriages by any descendants of George 11., con-
tracted and solemnized bona fide out of Great Britain,
and beyond the limits of British jurisdiction ; and
whether, under the circumstances sustainable by the
the evidence above stated, and not before the Court of
Arches in 1794, you conceive the marriage of his Royal
Highness at Rome to have been a marriage impeachable
under that statute ?

" 1. We are of opinion, after great consideration,
that the Royal Marriage Act does not extend to any
marriages by any descendants of Geo. 11., contracted
and solemnised bona fide out of Great Britain, and
beyond the limits of British jurisdiction; and we think
that the marriage of his Royal Highness at Rome was
not a marriage impeachable under that statute.
" 2d. Whether, if the matter were now originally
brought forward, the marriage at Rome would not be
capable of being sustained ?
"2. It the marriage which took place was sanctioned
and permitted by the laws then existing in the Roman
States, we are of opinion that the marriage was a valid
and good marriage in England. Assuming, however,
that, by the laws then existing in the Roman States, it
was not competent to British subjects, being Protes-
tants, to contract any valid marriage at all ; we are of
opinion, that in England the marriage would be con-
sidered good and valid ; for we think that British sub-
jects, being in a country where marriage is prohibited
to them, may legally marry, according to the law of Eng.
land, as it existed before the Marriage Act. Ex necessi-
tate such marriage must be good, otherwise part.es so cir-
cumstanced could never marry at all. See upon this sub-
ject, ' the King v. the Inhabitants of Brampton,' 10 East
282. Lautour v. Teesdale,' 2 Marshall's Reports, 248.
Reeding v. Smith,' 2 Haylon's Report 270, discussed
before Lord Stowell. In Lord Cloneurry's case—Lord
Cloncurry wts married at Rome, by a Protestant cler-
gyman, to Miss Morgan—Lord Cloncurry brought an
action against Sir Thomas Piers for adultery with Lady
Cloncurry, and recovered damages, and afterwards
procured a divorce in Parliament. Lord Cloncurry
could not have recovered damages in the action, or pro-
cured a divorce in Parliament, unless the marriage, so
celebrated between him and Miss Morgan, had been
good and valid in England. We are therefore of opi-
nion, assuming the Royal Marriage Act not to extend
to marriages abroad, that if the matter was originally
brought forward, the marriage at Rome would be sus-
tained.

" ' 3d. If you are of opinion that the marriage at
Rome w:_s not affected by the Royal Marriage Act,
was it necessary by the law of England that any other
witness besides the officiating ministers should have been
present at the ceremony ?
" 3. We are of opinion, that it was not essential to
the validity of the marriage, by the law of England,
that any other witness besides the officiating minister
should have been present at the ceremony.
" ' 4th. Whether the certificate, or declarations, or
statements of the Protestant minister, by whom the
marriage was solemnized at Rome, would be receivable
as evidence in the Courts of England ; or whether it
be expedient to file a bill in Chancery, for the purpose
of obtaining and perpetuating his testimony on with,
as well as of other persons, whose evidence might be
material ?

" 4. We are of opinion that the certificate, or decla-
rations, or statements of the Protestant minister, by
whom the marriage was solemnised, at. Rome would not
be receivable as evidence in the Courts of Law or
Equity in England ; and we are of opinion that it. would
be expedient to file a bill in Chancery against all proper
parties, for the purpose of obtaining and perpetuating the
clergyman's testimony on oath, as well as of other per-
sons, whose evidence may be material. We think, con-
sidering the great age of the clergyman, a bill should
be filed immediately, for the purposes above mentioned.
sth. Whether Sir Augustus d'Este, or his sister,
can contract marriages themselves under the circum-
stances, and without complying with the requisition of
the Royal Marriage Act, with full security that their
own marriages may not be questioned hereafter, and their
own issue declared incapable of succeeding to any pro-
perty they may themselves acquire or possess?
" 5. Our opinions being as above stated, we think

that, under alf the circumstances of the case, it would
be very dangerous for Sir Augustus d'Este, or his sister,
to contract marriage, without complying with the requi-
sitions of the Royal Marriage Act, or without giving
previous notice of their intention to be married, to tht
Crown. We are of opinion that no marriage could be
contracted without the liability of the marriage being
questioned hereafter, and the risk of the issue being de-
clared incapable of inheritinc, property.
" STEPHEN LUSHINGTON.
" GRIFFITH RICHARDS."
" Doctors' Commons, July 13, 1831."

CAPTAIN I.I:OSS'S EXPEDITION.—Letters have
been received from the Antarctic expedition, dated St. Helena,
the beginning of February. Lieut. Leiroy, of the Royal Artil-
lery, who is to conduct the magnetic observatory on that
island, had been landed with his instruments and assistants,
and occupied Napoleon Buonaparte's house at Longwood,
which has been assigned as his residence, and in the neighbour-
hood of which his observatory is to be built. From St. Helena,
Captain Ross proceeds to the Cape of Good Hope, to establish
Lieutenant Eardley Wilmot, R. A. and his party, in a similar
observatory, where corresponding Observations are to be made
during the three years in which the expedition will remain in
the southern hemisphere. We understand that, by adopting
proper precautions, the officers succeeded in making magnetic
observations at sea with as much precision as on land, the two
ships sometimes telegraphing to each other the same minute of
dip. The importance of this success towards the prosecution of
the objects of the voyage will be estimated, when it is con-
sidered how large a portion of the southern hemisphere is
covered by the sea. Captain Ross obtained soundings in the
middle of the Atlantic Ocean, and far distant from any land,
with aline of 2,5!)0 fathoms, being, we believe, by far the
greatest depth that has ever been reached by a sounding line.—
Literary Gazette.
The Academy of Sciences at Paris has elected
M. Piobcrt, a distingu7shed artillery officer, and one of
the authors of the new system of French artillery, to fill the
chair, in its Mechanical section, vacant by the death of the
late Baron do Prony. An oration in honour of that profound
geometrician—the last of the illustrious band of philosophers
which included the names of Lagrange, and Monge, and
Berthollet, and Chaptal, and Daubenton, and Lacepede, and
Cuvier—was pronounced in the Chamber of Peers by the Baron
C. Dupin, in its sitting of the 2dinst. At a recent meeting of the
Academy a letter from M. Humboldt was read, in which he
states that the last Comet obsered at Berlin is, in all.
probability, the same as that which appeared 370 years ago—
which fact, if confirmed, would furnish astronomy with another
example of a comet, with a short period of revolution. We
may also mention that the Academy has been directed, by an
oidinance of M. Cousin, the new Minister of Public Instruc.
tint,, to draw up a general view of the condition and progress
of the moral and political sciences, from the year.l7B9 to the
close of 1832. It is to be divided into five parts, corre-
sponding to the five sections of the Academy, and to be pre-
sented to the King by a deputation. of that body in the
early part of January, 1842. M. Rossi has undertaken that
section of the task which embraces political economy—M.
Mignet the -historical department ; while that of moral philo..
sophy has been entrusted to M. A. de Tocqueville. The Re-
port will be printed at the Royal press, in the same form with
the Reports presented in 1808 by the other classes of the In-
stitute, and which were prepared by Curier, Delambre, Chenier,
Dacier, and Lebreton. The Academy instructed its officers to
wait on the King and Minister, and express its pride and grati-
fication at the important labour assigned to it. A similar Re-
port has been demanded from l'AcadellliP des Beaux Arts,
which is to contain.a yiew of the State of Art in France for the
last thirty years.—Atheneum.
A GOOD MASTER AND A FAITHFUL SER.:
vANT.--In July, 1838, John Pullen, I sq., t natii,
leaving considerable property, but no wife or children to inherit
it. A person named Samuel Naylor, groom to Elwin Ley,
Esq., of Penzance, being distinctly related to the deceased fr.
came acquainted with the fact, but had Tiopeppi-ii-try ;ileNnS 1q
eompetp with this ontrary clap-R! I;it9c-coolg Air; Ley,
ever, of the circumstance, he became interested on behalf of
his servant (who had proved faithful to him), and at his own
expense employed professi- nal gentlemen in town to institute a
legal investigation of the matter. Proceedings were thereunoe
commenced, and the business only eery reeentl7
a snecessful issile on the part of the -oorrant, with was, with his
sister, declai:ed to be entitled to the deceased's estate. Information
of the same having been communicated to Mr. Ley,he instantly
intimated to his servant the necessity of his repairing to Lon_
don to take out letters of administration. This iful, hi,
ITIWa very 14riOli lovity to, towi, Null' became
snre4 to the 41'110144 Pf 'KCluof• Mministration was ob-
tained, and the funded property alone amounted to 40,0001_
Plymouth Journal.
SOUTHANITON DOCKS.—We are highly grati-
fied to observe the rapid progress of the works for this
and Important underfaing. If Op samo active exertions are
continued duiing the n'exe six montlis, it will indeed have the
appearance of being speedily completed.— Hampshire lade.
pendent.

MARYLEBONE VESTRY.

REVISAL OF THE PARISH RENTAL.
On Saturday, at the ordinary weekly meeting, Mr.
Hood, the Vestry Clerk, read a Report of a Committee
appointed to revise the rental of the parish, which
showed that they had done so to the extent of 25,755/,
out of which amount they had increased the assessment
of the north side of Oxford-street to the extent of
18,7151._ per annum.

Mr. HARBERT, in moving the adoption of the Report,
contended, that although an appeal bad been made by
the inhabitants on the previous week, the increase of
assessment did not come within 20 per cent. of their
rack-rents. They had, previous to the increase, been
rated at from 100 to 150 per cent. below their rack-
rents, and unless the Report was carried, it would be
a gross injustice to the poorer inhabitants, and to the
inhabitants of the south side of Oxford-street. who had
had their assessments increased to the amount of
12,0001. per annum.

The motion having been seconded,
Mr. KENSETT opposed it. Ho argued, that in the
assessment of the south side, the increase would be de-
voted entirely to the repairs of the road and pavement ;
whilst on the north side it would not be of any benefit
to the parish, inasmuch as the greater portion would
have to go to the Police and County-rite,
over which
they bad no control. The grand rock, however, upon
which he would stand, was the gross injustice and
ille-
gality of selecting one portion of the parish for re-
assessment, without going over the entire parish ; and
he would move, as an amendment, the adoption of the
Report, with the exception of that portion relating to
Oxford-street.

Mr. GIBSON seconded the amendment, and urged the
necessity of continuing the property in Oxford-street at
as low a rate as
possible,
capitalists from exending as otherwise it would prevent
money in its improvement.
Mr. JosEpti contended that the rating of the pro-
pertyin the parishes of St. George and St. James,
Westminster, was most unfair, and, from its lowness,
was, in fact, a robbery upon other parishes which rated
the property within it nearer its value, thus contributing
an undue and extravagant proportion to the Police and
county-Pate. He could look upon the selection of 24'2
out of an entire parish of 14,000 or 15,000 houses in no
other light than an invidious tax upon property, and
should oppose the adoption of the Report.
MGSSrs. THEOBALD and BIERS supported the amend-
ment.

The Rev. Dr. DIDDIN considered it a wise and mer-
ciful principle on the part of the vestry to keep the tax-
ation upon the property of the rate payers us low as
possible, and he should oppose the Report.

•
After some few observations from Messrs. RATH-
BONE, FREEMAN, and other vestrymen,
Mr. HARBERT replied, contending that the re-assess-
ment of the entire parish would cost no less a sum than
10,0004

The question was here put, and the amendment ear-
r'ted by a large majority. The vestry then adjourned.

.A CURIOUS CHANCERY SUIT.

(Abridged from the .ZC'ottinghanz Reviezv.)
Our readers will rejoice with us to learn that an ho-
nest industrious townsman, of Nottingham, named Ed-
ward Godfrey Leman, is likely to succeed to the title,
honour, rank, and dignity of Baronet, and is in a fair
way to obtain several valuable estates, which belonged
to his ancestors, the Lemans, of Northam. We are
also happy to learn that some gentlemen of the legal
profession, who have been successful in similar cases,
have kindly undertaken to prosecute the claims of Mr.
Leman;

About eighteen months ago some garbled paragraphs,
of the extraordinary amount of wealth of the Leman
fatni'y, went the round of the papers, which were after-
wards discovered to be incorrect, but no statement
of the Leman claim has ever been published. As it
is interesting to the public, particularly Mr. Letnan's
countrymen, to know the particulars of the case, we
have taken considerable pains to glean tho following
facts from authentic information.

It will probably be recollected that a few years ago a
native of Nottingham, named John Leman, framework-
knitter, laid claim to a Baronetcy. and certain large es-
tates in the Counties of Hertford, Huntingdon, Cam-
bridge,-and Middlesex, belonging to the Lemons of
Northaw. The distinguished individuals from whom he
deduced his descent were wealthy, influential men in
their day ; with an honest view to perpetuate their
names, and snake their extensive possessions secure to
their latest posterity, they were at great pains to exe-
cute several important deeds of trust (rine of which is
for the term of a thousand years), for the exclusive use
and benefit of their " heirs male fo:- ever." The founder
of the family was the Right Hon. Sir John Leman,
Lord Mayor of the City of London, a native of Suf-
folk, who flourished in the reign of King James the
First. Sir John was an enterprising merchant, and
was the first in London who sent ships to the north to
fish for whales. He was a special favourite of King
James, because among other courteous qualifications of
that age. Sir John believed in the supernatural power of
the Witch of Endor as much as his Majesty did, who
prevailed on the learned Bishops to interpetrate her
mysterious art as wo now have it in the Bible. His
Lordship died without issue, and was succeeded in his
great wealth and influence by his nephews. He settled
the most of his property on his favourite nephew, Wil-
liam Leman, a middle-aged, dark complexioned, plea-
sant, good tempered gentleman, who was a rich linen-
draper and silk-mercer in the city of London. In 1634,
he purchased the beautiful, extensive manorial estate
of Northaw, a parish in the hundred of Castrio, of
the liberty of St. Albans, in the county of Hertford,
with the church patronage, gce. He afterwards be-
came M.P , and High Sheriff of Hertfordshire. Hence
in his official journies he had often to pass through
Edmonton, Cheshunt, &c., with his lady and nume-
rous issue (seven sons and eight daughters). The
wags of the day raised a humorous report of a cu-
rious adventure that the High Sheriff of Hert-
ford had on the road, which one of the English
Bards has since immortalized in comic poetry, under
the fictitious name of " John Gilpin," probably de-
rived from one of Sir William's estates, which was an-
ciently called " Gilpinham." Though he was patron of
the churches of Warboys, Northaw, and other valuable
livings elsewhere, he privately favoured the Noncon-
formists, and openly differed with some of the leading
men of the age, as to the possibility of compelling, by
means of Acts of Parliament and armed soldiers, the en-
tire inhabitants of Great Britain to adopt an universal
creed (Lutheran), which was the mad whim of King
Charles IL, that led to the lamentable feuds and blood-
shed between the Church party, Nonconformists, and
Covenanters.

In the 17th year of King Charles II (3d March,
1665), a Royal Patent was granted to the said William
Leman, creating him a Baronet, with limitation to his
heirs male lawfully begotten. This was one of the
most eventful periods in the history of England, by the
dreadful plague which first broke out in St. Giles, and
afterwards sprend desolation in the great emporium
of the world. It was about this time that the wander-
ing tribes of Israel first settled in Goodman's Fields,
under the auspices of the benevolent owner, since
which time the Jews have wonderfully multiplied on
this leasehold property of the Lemans, and to their
honour be •it spoken, some of them were willing
to surrender their leaseholds to the late Sir John (well
knowing they had no right to the ownership,) provided
they were liberally dealt with. Sir William with many
other good men were of essential service during the plague
and the great fire that succeeded it. The ciistingushed
house of Northaw connected itself by marriage with.the'
Earl of Manchester, and other great faMilies, and con-
tinued to flourish in the per Sans of three Sir William
Lemanf, during the respective reigns of King William
and Queen Mary, Queen Anne, And the Royal House
of Hanover. The account then goes on to state, that
on the death of the last Sir William Leman, the vast
property fell into the hands of strangers in blood, apd
was last possessed by William Strode, who died in Isos,
and by his will directed his trustees to throw the Leman
property into Chancery, for the purpose that justice
should be done to the true heirs. Then commenced
one of the most extraordinary heavy suits in Chancery
on record. " Strode v. Casamajor, for the honest dis-
tribution of the Leman property, which has proved a
mine of wealth to several lawyers. in coolegume of
the public advertisements and quillb,les hetweep the con-
tending parties, not one a whom, as may be seen from
their own statements in Chancery, is a single blood drop
to the Lemans, the rights of the true heirs became
more fully known to them. It is not a little oxtraor-
dinary, that several of the claimants, who are all aliens
in blood to the house of Northaw and Warboys, aro
actually foreign adventurers residing in Germany, whose
names tiro as strange as their claims arc unjust.
wineslaus Charles Labra de Waekeilbargh, and
Charles Francis Zavier Melon du la Grtzo," often
occur in the proceedinni
With q yiew to aLl'or4cl our readers a correct statement
of the Leman funds, we subjoin the following extract,
taken from the books of the A4.,eountant-General of the
Court of Chanmy, which proves the accumulation
front :trode's death to 1822, to be this, viz. ;
Kmount of 3 per cent. Bank Annuities, X 467,190 17 0
Ditto 3 per cent. reduced Annuitie5...12.7,964 10 6

£595,155 7 6
t i
his sum afterwards preportionatcly increased.
The suit for this vast property will be commenced
forthwith.
The writer adds :—" We learn that our townsman,
Mr. Godfrey Leman, is already more fortunate than
Sir John, not only in having a virtuous race of children,
but because he is a steady, modest,. unassuming man,
and he and his son Edward have fortunately selected
confidence men, who, to use a Nottingham ex-
, the honesty, the ability, and presision, haveproper
stuff to pull the claimant through his difficulties., He
has got the best legal advice that his claims ara good,
and we sincerely wish him success. With this kindly
fg:eti% we will now take our leave of him for the pre-
sent ; but we intend to watch the progress of his
claims, that we may hereafter be able to give our rea-
ders other particulars, as also the law of the case, which
is of importance to the public.

SECOND EDIrFION.
THE FUNDS-(CLOSING PRICES.)

.1 FUNDS
Bank Stock — f ndia S' Da:
3 per Cent. nod
:3 per Cent CC115.....,• 0074 Ditto Old Annuities —
3% per Cent. lied 98% Ditto New Annuities
New 3% per Cent 99% Ex. Bills, LOW/ od "4 pin
New 5 tier Cent Ditto 50,11 "4 pm
Loii Annuities to expire Ditto Small 94 pm
kn. 1660
Oct. 1659
Jan 1660
FOREIO N FUNDS
Austrian. 5 per cent — i Portuguese Bonds,sper cent. --
13.21gian, 5 per cent 1(6%! Ditto. New Ditto
Brazilian Bonds . Prussian, 5 per cent —
Buenos Ayres, 6 per cent — i Russian Bond., 5 per cent....
Chilian, 6 per cent — ; Ditto, Metallic
Colombian, 6 er cent — I Spanish, 5 per cent 26%
Ditto, 1524 9s!i! Ditto, Deferred
Danish, 3 per cent — , French, 5 per cent 111(.—c
Greek Bonds, 1625, 5 per ct. 1 Exchange
—ll —c
Mexican, &per cent — I French, 3 per cent -4. —c.
Ditto, 6 per cent., 1325 — Dutch, 2% per cent.
Peruvian ,1323,6 per cent..... 1614, I Ditto, 5 per cent.
SHARES.
Birmingham and Derby Railway
... 8 %
Birmingham and Gloucester Railway
I ristol and Exeter
Cheltenham and Great Western Raivray 13%
Great North of England Railway 52
oreat Western tiaiiwav
London and Brighton Rsilway 26
London and Blackwall Railway
London and Birmingham Railway . :67
Ditto Quarter Shares t 8
Ditto New Shares
Loudon and Greenwich Railway ll
London and South Western Railway 46%
London and Croydon Railway i'frunic) ll
Manchester and Leeds P,BwaY ao
Manchester and Birmingham Railway 13%
Northern and Eastern Railway l3
North Midland Railway
min New Shares 21%
South _ ___ 3%

BNITISI

.outh Eastern and Dover 3,,
York and North Midland Railway.

TATTERSALL'S-THIS EVENING.

As many of the leading members have left town
fo: the Newmarket Craven Meeting, which com-
menced to-day, the betting at Tattersall's possessed
little interest.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM TIIE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

(From the Globe.)
The " High Church party"generally have lately been
putting forward claims, and hinting at latent but inde-
feasible rights, in a manner that cannot but draw at-
tention, though it may not excite alarm. We believe
that the great body of the clergy, and even a large ma-
jority of the Episcopal bench, disapprove and discounte-
nance these assumptions, which come with a bad grace
from those who are foremost in calling in the civil power
to aid them in the levying of ecclesiastical duet, and in
getting up petitions for Church Extension by additional
taxation. The a.:,vocates of the last measure plainly
say that it has become necessary because the Church
was robbed by Henry VIII., and hint at the resump-
tion of lay impropriatons and abbey lands. To such
persons it is no answer that these were the property of
the Romish Church, for we believe that however odious
Popery may be when it shows itself in the form of a priest
at forty pounds a year on the voluntary system, and a con-
gregation of barefooted Irish, a return to the doctrine
would not be greatly resisted if made a sine qua non to the
possession of the endowments. But the people of England
are attached to the Church for its utility—they support it
for their own benefit, and utterly repudiate the notion
that it exists for the purpose of putting money into
the pockets and power into the hands of any set of
men, however holy, without demanding from them en
equivalent in the shape of good precepts and good
examples. The public have no deep reverence f
abstractions, and will not encourage sinecui ists, or risk
the immediate dismemberment of the empire, to provide
pastors for flocks which may arise at some indefinitely
remote period. The Post talks of the Whig-Radicals
wishing to throw the Church down. Perhaps there
was never less said or done with such an intent than at
the present time. The Church is let alone, and will
be so, while it continnes to dischtirge its duties. We
do not treat as recognised leaders of the Church, the
Philpotts's, M'Ghees, and M'Neils. Were the clergy
generally to resemble them, the Church would be swept
away before the end of the Session.
(From the Standard.)
The Examiner of yesterday has the following para-
graph :
" It appears by returns sufficiently authentic, that in
1811 the persons employed in agriculture in 1000 wero
352, to '648 in manufactures and trade ; and that in 1831
the former were 281 only to 719 of the latter; so that at
that ratio of decrease of the one and increase of the other,
in 1861 we shall have only 175 out of every 1000 employed
in.agriculture, and 825 in trade and manufactures. Another
cogent proof of the justice of the Corn-laws !"
We knoW not what are the Examinez's sufficiently
authentic returns, and we are not immediately con-
cerned to know what the state of things may be
in 1861 ; hut wo see very clearly that the argu-
ment of the Examiner, admitting its premises,
proves a marvellous improvement in the profits of
manufactures, without any corresponding improve-
ment in the profits of agriculture, a result of which
we think the friends of the manufacturers and the
enemies of the agriculturists ought to be the last to
complain. Without, however, looking forward 21
years as to what may be, and what of course must rest
in conjecture, let us look back only nine years. In the
population return for 1831, we find the following en-
tries, among others, for the whole United Kingdom :
Engaged in agriculture
Do in manufactures
Do in retail trade, handicrafts, &c 1,466,394
Here, then, we have the persons engaged in agri-
culture as six to one of the persons engaged in manu-
factures, and, dividing the retail traders and handi-
craftsmen between tem in these proportions, as is
plainly fair, we have, to use round numbers, three millions
and a half engaged in agriculture, or dependent upon
agriculturists, for about seven hundred and fifty thou-
sand engaged in manufactures or dependent up.n ma-
nufacturers. There is not much danger of this pro-
portion being reversed in 1861, except indeed by a re-
peal of the Corn-laws, and even that would only ex-
tinguish the agriculturists without increasing, but greatly
diminishing, the manufactures.
(From the Courier.)

One of the consequences of the pretended amendment
of' the Poor-laws is, for instance, the attempted re-
vival of the Income Tax, although that was so ob-
noxious that even the necessities of the State, arising
from a general war, could not render it palatable. By
the Bill now before the House, the Poor-law Commis-
sioners will be entitled to levy a tax upon the property
which, fluctuating in value, as it necessarily must be, a
tradesman devotes to his peculiar avocations. The tax
on stock in trade must surely open the eyes of our mer-
chants and manufacturers to the tyranny of the Whig
system. At the mere resolution of an arbitrary impe-
riuni in iniperio, the books of the banker and merchant
may be inspected by the agents of the Whig Commis-
sioners, and what is, perhaps, worse, but most assuredly
quite as bad, the delicate processes of the manufactur-
ing chemist, and tLe care) printer and dyer, may be laid
open to the examination and knowledge of persons
whom, except upon compulsion of this kind, they would
refuse to trust. This is an evil which, we presume, it is
sufficient merely to mention, in order to call attention to
the iniquity and impolicy of the Whig measure.
We do not go into the particular enactments at pre.
sent ; if the principle of the Bill be conceded we do not
see how we can well refuse the surrender of its min.-,a
requisitions. The Bill takes away the discretta which
was wisely vested in local authorities r
adjudicate upon the cases of
consider and
per which from their
intimate knowledge of
qualified to i circumstances they are duly
whose ate' ;of, and places it in the hands of men
• • L
-.y qualification is tuat they
are the obsequious
S n-yaws of the Melbourne Administration, which has
bad the modesty to place itself in competition with that
of a Burleigh.

TOUGH, BUT TRUE.—OId Mr --t of
Worcester county, used sometimes to be absent on a missionary
tour. Once on a time, having just returned from one of those
excursions, Le found his congregation quite drowsy, and, wish-
ing to wake them up, he broke off in the midst of his sermon,
and began to tell them what wonderful things he had seen in
York State ; among other wonders, he said he had seen mon-
strous great mosquitoes—so large that many of them would
weigh a pound ! The people were by this time wide awake.
" Yes,' continued Parson M., " and, moreover, they are often
known to climb trees and bark !" The next day one of the
deacons called upon him, telling him that many of the brethren
were much scandalised at the big stories he told the day before.
What stories ?" says Parson M. " Why, Sir, you said that
mosquitoes in York State were so large that many of them
would weigh a pound!" " Well," rejoined the Minister, " I
do really think that a great many of them would weigh a
pound." " But," continues the Deacon, you also said that
they would climb up on trees and bark !" " Well, Sir," says
Parson M., "as to their climbing up on trees, I have seen
them do that—hav'nt you, Deacon ?" 0 yes." " Well,
how could they climb on the trees and not on the bark ?" The
Deacon was, of course, nonplussed.
NAPOLEON'S MEMORIALS OF DECEASED
SAVANS.—fie spared nothing that could do honour to the
memory of deceased savans. From Osterode, still covered by
the dust of battle, he ordered the statue of D'Alembert to ba
placed in the hall of the Institute. He caused a mausoleum to
be elevated to Voltaire, and another to Rousseau. The busts of
Tronchet and Portalis, by whom the first draft of the Code
Napoleon was drawn up, were placed in the hall of the Council
o: State. At Cambray, a monument was erected to the ashes
of Fenelon.— Opinions of Napoleon, by Prince Louis.
DEVICE OF GRATTAN TO WAKE HlM-
SELF.—Grattan, the celebrated Irish barrister,tei e was indefatig-
dheivmo
regularly
tou study,rlyat day-
break.
indefatiga-
bly industrious. He was so anxious
be devoted
tos_ a moment.
that
shi
ee ep,
contrivedw hi ch , a i n
singularhi his pi opinion,
A small barrel filled with water was placed over a
apparatusough tot to
rousee
immediately above his pillow, and
ed to fill the basin by day-
tbialesinee,ewkhiecfh
istto:d.asonsuaffisehieeleftilmy
light ; so that if he did not then rise the water flowed upon
his person and bedding.
THE WAR IN ARAGON.—In the action which
recently took place between the Queen's troops under Zurbano
and the Carlists, and in which the latter were totally defeated,
300 men, sooner than surrender themselves to the Queen's
troops, as a Saragossa letter in the Phare states, threw them-
'elves over a precipice, and were fousid dead or dreadfully mu-
t lated at the bottom. Espartero's head-quarters are at Agua-
viva, and he has o 'tiered the fortifications of Monroyo to be
repaired. The small place of Zercuda has fallen into the hands
of Espartero.

DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-

WEST PASSAGE.

NARRATIVE OF THE EXPEDITION UNDER
:\:ESSRS. DEASE AND SIMPSON.

Fort Simpson, Oct. 16, 1839.
HoNocualiee Saes,-tic have the honour to report the
completion of all the primacy objects of the expedition,
the entire fulfilment of Covet aor Simpson's oilginal in.
structions, under which it has been our hood fortune to act,
and something more, though, as we plainly told yeur
Honours last winter, it was quite out of the question to
think of reaching the Strait of the Fury and Hecla from
the Coppermino River.
On the 22d of June we descended the impetuous stream
of the Bloody Fall, where we remained until the 28th.
This interval was employed by Mr. Simpson in exploring
Richardson River, discovered in 1838, which discharges
itself, as we then supposed, into the bottom of Back's
Inlet, in latitude 67. 53. 57 North, longitude‘
115 56 Nest. A party of about thirty h,squi-
maux were encamped there, all of whom fled pre-
cipitately to the hills, except one family, whose
tent was placed on an island in this stream. With those
last a communication was opened, through our interpreter,
Ooligbuck ; but the circle of their little lives being con-
fined to Berens Isles, and the borders of Richardson's
River, they had no information to impel t of any value.
On the 31 of July the first slight opening occurred in
the service, of vshich we took instant advantage; but our
first week's journey d:d rot exceed twenty miles, and it was
the 18th, alter sad work, before we could attain Cape
Barrow. From its rocky heights we beheld, with equal
surprise and delight, the wide extent of Coronation Gulph,
partially open, whereas long alter the same date in 1838,
the whole party might have crossed it on foot. At mid-
night, on the 20th, we larded at Cape Franklin, just one
month ea:ller than Mr. Simpson's arrival there, on his pe-
destrian joarney of the yerr before. A vio'ent easterly
gale arrested our progress for the next four days; and on
the 27th we encouthe:ed great peril in doubling Cape
Alexander, arri'dst very heavy driving ice.
From Cape Alexander, situated in lat. 68. 56 N.,
long. 106. 40 W„ to another remarkable point in lat.
68. 33 N., long. 98. 10 W., the Arctic coast may be com-
prised in one spacious bay, sketching as far South as lat.
67. 40 before it turns off abruptly northward to the last
mentioned position. This vast sweep, of which but an
inconsiderable portion was seen by Mr. Simpson last year,
is indented by an endless succession of minor bays, sepa-
rated from one another by long narrow projecting points of
land encloslng an incalculable number of islands.
From this description it will be evident that our route
was an extremely inn icate one, and the duties of the sur-
vey most harassing; but whilst pet plexcd beyond measure
in finding our way tb"ough these labyrinths, we de-
rived great advantage from the protection afforded
by the islands from the crushing force of the
seaward ice ; and the weather was generally clear. In
fact, the most serious detention caused by ice on this part
of the voyage, was from the fat to the sth of August, on
a point that jutted out beyond the insular chain.
White Bear Point, as it was called, lies in 68. 7. 8., 5
N , 103. 36. 45 W. ; variation 54. 45 E. These bays
and masses of islands present a distinct succession of geo-
logical features, which can be best illustrated by our series
of specimens of the rocks that compose this wild and barren
coast. Vestiges of Esquimaux, and mostly old, were met
with wherever we landed.

They appear to subsist in single families, or very small
parties, and to travel inland tor the deer hunt in the month
of June, not returning to the sealing islands till the ice
sets fast in October. A river, twice the size of the Cop-
permine, which falls into the sea in 68. 2. N. tang, 104. 15.
W., is much resorted to by reindeer and musk oxen, in
the summer season. Finding the coast, as already
remarked, tending northerly from the bottom of the
Great Bay, we expected nothing less than to be
carried round Cape Felix of Captain James Rosy, con-
trary to the conjecture hazarded be Mr. Simpson, in his
narrative of last year's journey. On the evening of the
10th of August, however (at the point already given), we
suddenly opened a strait running into the south-
ward of east, where the rapid rush of the tide scarcely
left a doubt of the existence of an open sea leading to the
mouth of Back's Great Fish Raver. This strait is ten
miles wide at either extremity, but contracts to three in
the centre. Even that narrow channel is much encroached
upon by high-shingle islands, bnt there is deep water in
the middle throughout. The 12th of August was signal.
ised by the most terrific thunder-storm we have ever wit-
nessed in these regions. Next day it blew roughly from
the westward, with a very dense cold fog, but we ran ra-
pidly south-east, past Point Richardson and Point Ogle
of Sir George Back, and continued on till the darkness
of night and the increasing gale drove us ashore beyond
Point Pechell. The storm shifted to northeast, and
lasted till the 16th, when we directed our course with
flags flying to the Montreal Island. On its northern aide
our people, guided by Mackay, soon found a deposit made
among the rocks, by some of Sir George Back's party,
but, asMackay to seemed think, without that officer's know.
ledge. It contained two bags of pemican, and a quantity
of cocoa or chocolate, all perfectly rotten, besides an old
japanned tin vasculum, and two or three other trivial ar-
ticles, of which we took possession, as memorials of our
having breakfasted on the identical spot where the tont of
our gallant though less successful precursor stood, on his
return from Point Ogle to the Great Fish River that
very day five years before. The arduous duty we
had, in 1836, undertaken to perform, was thus
fully accomplished ; and the length and difficulty of
the route back to the Coppermine would have amply jus-
tified our immediate return. We had all suffered more or
less from the want of fuel and the deprivation of warm
food, and the prospect grew more cheerless as the cold
fall weather stole or, apace. But having already ascer-
tained the separation of Boothia from the American eon-
! tinent ou the western side of the Great Fish River, we de-
termined not to desist till we had settled its relat'am thereto
on the eastern side also. A fog which 1+7.; come on dis-
persed towards evening, and unfold;:d a full view of the
picturesque shores of the estua7ly. Far to the south Vic-
toria Headland stood forth so clearly defined, that we in-
stantly recognized it by Sir George Back's exquisite draw-
, ing. Cape Beaufort we almost seemed to touch, and with
the telescope we were able to discover a continuous line of
high land as far round as north-east, about two points
more northerly than Cape Hay, the extreme eastern point
seen by Sir George Back.
The traverse to the farthest visible land occupied six
hours unremitting labour at the oar, and the sun was rising
on the 17th, when we scaled the bluff and singularly shaped
rocky cape to which our course had been directed. It
stands in lat. 68. 3. 56. N., long. 94. 35. W. The
azimuth compass by Jones settled exactly in the true me-
ridian, agreed with two others by the same maker, placed
on the ground.

From our proximity to the magne►ic pole the compass
had latterly been of little or no use ; but this was of the
less consequence, as the astronomical observations were
very frequent. The dip of the needle, which at
Thunder Cove (12th August) was 89. 29. 35. had
here decreased to 89. 16. 40. North. This bold
promontory, where we lay wind-bound till the 19th, was
named Cape Britannia, in remembrance of our glorious
country. On the beetling rock that sheltered our en-
campment from the sea, and formed the most conspicuous
object on all this part of the coast, we erected a conical
pile of ponderous stones, fourteen feet high, that, if not
pulled down by the natives, may defy the rage of a thou.
sand storms. In it was placed a sealed bottle containing
a sketch of our proceedings, and possession was taken
of our extensive discoveries in the name of Victoria the
First, amidst the firing of guns, and the enthusiastic
cheers of the whole party.
On the 19th, the gale shifted from N. E. to E. S. E.,
and after crossing a fine bay, due cast, with no small toil
and danger, the coast bent sway northerly, which enabled
us to effect a run of forty miles. Next day the wind re-
sumed its former direction, and after pullltlg against it all
the morning, among shoals and ;►reakers, and gaining
only three miles, we were obliged to take refuge i❑ the
mouth of a small river.

From a liteestpile, 'ridge, about a league inland we ob-
tained a slew of some very remote blue land, in the N. E.
quarter, ie_ all probability one of the Southern promon-
tclif'; of Boothia.
Two considerable islands lay far in the offing. and
others high and distant stretched from E. to E. N. E.
Our view of the low main shore, was confined to five
miles, in an easterly direction, after which it appeared to
turn off greatly to the right. We could, therefore,
scarcely doubt our having arrived at that large gulph
uniformly described by the Esquimaux as containing
many islands, and with numerous indentations stretching
down to the southward, till it approaches within
forty miles of Repulse and Wager Bays. The
exploration of such a gulf, which was the main object
of the Terror's ill-starred voyage, would necessarily de-
mand the whole time and energies of another expedition
having a starting or retreating point much nearer to the
scene of operation than Great Bear Lake, and it was
quite evident to us that any further fool-hardy perseverance
eouli only lead to the loss of the great object already at-
tained, together with that of the whole party. We
must
here be all to express our admiration of Sir John
Ross's extraordinary escape from this neighbourhood, after
o Arcticd,
he pretreated endurance of hardship
which bounded
career of our admirable little boats, and received their
name, lies in lat. 68. 28. 27. N., long. 93. 7. \V., varia.
tion of the compass, 16 20. W.
The strong wind that had forbidden our advance gave
wings to our retreat. The same night ( Aug. 20) we
landed once more at Cape Brittania, and next morning re-
crossed the inlet direct to Point Pechell, with a heavy. sea.
On the 22d we explored a long narrow bay, on the west
side of Point Ogle, which extends to the parallel of latitude.
day
we north wind blew roughly, with sharp frost, and next d
we get no farther than Point Richardson. From thencey
we crossed over, on the 24th, to what had, from the Con-
tinent, appeared like two islands, but which we rightly
conjectured to form part of the southern shore of Boothia,
or to speak with greater precision, of that land on which
stands Cape Felix, of Captain James Ross. This shore
we had the satisfaction of tracing for about sixty miles, till
it turned up to the north, in lat. 68. 41. 16. N., long.
98. 22. W., only 57 miles from Ross's Pillow the dip of
the needle was 89. 28. 45. N., the magnetic pole bearing
N. N. E., distant ninety miles. The variation, as shown
by both the azimuth compass and the horizontal bar
needle, was 45 degrees east. The objects seen on this
coast are easily enumerated. A low, uninteresting, lime-
stone tract, abounding neverthele;s in reindeer, musk-oxen,
and old native encampments. To the westward a good
deal of ice appeared, and vast numbers of snow-geese
passed 1133. h overhead, in long triangular fllghts, bound
f r milder elties.

Whilst engaged in taking observations, our men con-
structed another durable memorial of our discoveries,
which was saluted in the usual manner. Then recrossing
the strait on the 25th, we resumed for some time our
outward route, only keeping more along the seaward verge
of the islands, so as to shape a straighter course.
The weather, from being threatening and unsettled,
soon became unequivocally severe.
On the 29th Aug. a severe snow storm began, that lasted
for seven da s, during four of which we were fixed to a
single spot by the violence of the north-west gales, while
the frost was so keen that the pools among the rocks on