The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-28 00:00:00

THURSDAY EVENING,

Hill two hundred years ago, contrasted with another
taken recently. The change is very perceptible ; in the
one view only a few shrubs or trees are to be seen in the
park, and the background presents a wide expanse of
land and water; in the other, a noble avenue of
trees adorns the hill, and a whole city has
sprung up along the banks of the Thames, St.
Paul's crowning the far distance. If the succeeding
volumes of this series equal this first one, the " Lon-
don Excursions" will form a most agreeable and
useful work, calculated by its information to increase
the pleasure of any country trip among those bent on
such excursions, and at the same time to convey an
accurate idea of surrounding scenes to others who,
less fortunate, cannot examine them for themselves.

BURNS' CABINET LIBRARY FOR THE
Y (MG.-7 he Book of Poetry—The Book of Fable
and Allegory—Stories from Herodotus—Tales fur
the Young, by Christian Andersen.
If the children of the present day are not wiser or
happier than their ancestors, it is certainly not the
fault of either authors or publishers. While the
former exert all their powers to render works of in-
struction pleasant, and works of amusement profit-
able, the latter tax their ingenuity to produce these
works in the most attractive style at the lowest pos-
sible price. Of these numerous productions, various
though they be, few can compare with the " Cabinet
Library," of Mr. Burns. If the remaining volumes
of the series equal the four which we have seen, the
" Cabinet Library" will prove a most valuable acquisi-
tion to juvenile literature. The four first volumes con-
sist in "The Book of Poetry," ajudicious selection from
the best English poets, containing, besides the.ordinary
well-known pieces, many less popular but not less
deserving, including also quotations from recent
authors, among others Mr. Macaulay ; " The Book
of Fable and Allegory," of which the name gives a
sufficient explication ; " Stories from Herodotus," by
Moberly—a perfect romance of history in which
truth and fiction are so inextricably interwoven that
it is impossible to decide which is the " stranger ;"
and last, but not least, " Tales for the Young," by
Hans Christian Andersen—to our thinking, the most
delightful of all juvenile writers. Many of the
fanciful tales in this little volume are very beautiful,
one in particular, which, under the guise of fable,
describes very forcibly the trials of a superior mind
when misunderstood and denied sympathy. These
little volumes, thus interesting in their contents, are
very attractive in appearance, and any separate
number would doubtless be an acceptable present for
a youthful reader.

THE POLISH TRIALS.

---
Day after day the trial of the Poles implicated
the late insurrection has been going onregularly and
nd
in perfect order. Many have been set at liberty,
some entirely, others on parole : but after the trial
and defence of Mieroslawski and the three principal
leaders no feature of interest presented itself to at-
tract public attention. In the sitting of the 19th in-
stant, however, the investigation into the attempt
against Posen on the night between the 3d and 4th
March came forward. This is the most important
wart of the whole accusation against the prisoners,
Posen being a portion of the Prussian dominions.
The following are the chief points which will be
brought to bear against the accused :
In an assembly of the insurgents held at Cracow
on the 18th January, 1846, at which Mieroslawski
presided, the 21st February was fixed upon for a ge-
neral rising in different parts of the duchy. The
arrest of Mieroslawski on the 12th February, as
well as of a number of nobles, his accomplices, at
Posen, put a stop to the execution of their pro-
jects as regarded the duchy of Posen. But as the
insurrection at Cracow for a moment seemed
triumphant, the conspirators who were still at liberty
resolved to make themselves masters of the town
and citadel of Posen, to deliver the prisoners, and to
carry out their first plan against the duchy. This
plot was under the guidance of Niegolewski, Chamski,
and Louis Paternowski. Their plans were as fol-
lows :—Niegolewski had sounded the peasantry in the
vicinity of Posen, especially those of Polish descent,
and relied on their assistance. In the town they
counted a number of adherents, amongst whom were
many of the pupils of the public seminary, who were
led by a baker of the name of Heymann, and the
director of some mills, Egsman. The head forest
ranger of Count Dzialznski had promised to join
them with a considerable body of peasantry from
Bnin. Their plans were well arranged. The move-
ment was to commence as the clock struck eleven on
the night of the 3d of March, 1846. Each party
had its leader, and its place of meeting. Most of the
conspirators were already armed, and the remainder
were to be provided with arms on the spot. They
hoped to have no difficulty in storming the citadel,
as they relied upon the sympathies of a portion of
the garrison and some Polish officers. The citadel
is situated north of the city, but at no great distance
A single sentinel was the only guard usually on
duty here, and the gate was only closed at ten at
night. After nine the sentinel challenged all who
entered the fortress, but the reply, " officer," and the
military dress was enough to obtain admittance.
By this means it was hoped that five or six of
the conspirators cJuld obtain an entrance into the
fortress. At the given signal (a rocket), the guard was
to be overpowered. Measures had also been taken to
occupy all the egresses from the city, so that no orders
could be transmitted to the military outside. It was ori-
ginally planned to shoot the commander, Lieutenant-
General Steinacker, whilst on parade at noon, and
it is even said that the two conspirators selected for
the purpose had already levelled their muskets, but
did not fire, owing to the signal agreed upon not
having been given, it having been thought
more prudent to await the evening. Mean-
time, rumours of insurrection reached :the
ears of the authorities, on the morning of the 3d,
and these rumours increased almost to a certainty of
an outbreak at eight that evening. Precautionary
measures were immediately taken. At half-past ten
a battalion of infantry was drawn up in the principal
square, with two pieces of artillery, and a squadron
of huzzars. The guards at the prisons were doubled
and detachments of troops were ordered to occupy
the bridges. The muskets of the troops were loaded.
The conspirators soon got wind of these preparations,
their suspicions first being aroused by the police
commissary Kreschmer galloping through the streets;
they consequently resolved on changing their plans,
but this ultimately proved an obstacle to success, as
it was impossible to give information of this change
to those without, who on finding no one at the ap-
pointed place, dispersed. At half-past ten there were
onlp 400 conspirators assembled in the churchyard
(one of the appointed meeting places), and a dispute
arose between Chamski and Niegolewski ; the latter
is even said to have threatened to shoot Chamski for
having misinterpreted the orders given to him. See-
ing all chance of success was up, they dispersed,
after concealing their arms. These were the facts
alleged against the accused.
It will be remembered that the prisoners deny
having premeditated an insurrection in the Grand
Duchy of Posen.

PROGRESS OF THE CHOLERA.
The Augsburg Gazette states from Trieste, that the
cholera has broken out at Perecop, a distance of nearly
250 miles from Odessa, but that the report of its
having made its appearance at Odessa was unfounded.
It has entirely ceased at Taganrog and Marcanopel,
near the sea of Azof.
The Austrian steamer Prince do Metternich, which
arrived at Constantinople on the Bth instant, from
Trebizond, brought the happy intelligence that the
cholera had almost entirely ceased in that city. The
official reports, which come down to the 4th, announce
that, from the 27th ult., the epidemic had sensibly
become less intense at Trebizond. The mortality still
amounted to ten or fifteen deaths each day, but this
result was attributed to old attacks, which terminated
raendythe commence-
an ' fatally, less from the inveteracy of the malady than
in consequence of imprudent excesses on the part of
the persons attacked. The individuals who had
to suchadlate
lately
vi
beoelnenttakaetntaielkl
swearse
had.
.scuhhajeraetctf:is
by
inent of the disease. The localities in the neighbour-
hood of Trebizond had also become less unhealthy.
A letter dated Warsaw, Oct. 17, says " The
greatest apprehension is felt here at the approach of
the cholera. It has carried off three-fourths of the
.
t
population of Karkow, whence comes to us. Al-
though this is the time of jubilee, the churches are
filled at all hours. The wetness of the weather has
destroyed the potatoes and wheat, both of which are
rotting in the ground, and everything announces a
cruel famine. Crowds of poor, persons, scarcely clad
in rags, throng the streets. The charity of private
persons and of benevolent societies is quite insuf-
ficient."
The Prussian Government says the C'o7ogne
Gazette) is already taking measures to prevent the
anticipated invasion of the cholera. Instead of a
cordon of troops, as in 1834, very rigorous quarantines
will he established ; and in order that the surveillance
may be exercised with greater security the passage of
the frontier will only be allowed at certain points.
Moreover, all the observations it made during the
visitation of the disease in 1834 are to be communi-
cated to the local authorities to guide them in taking
Tecautionary measures.__,_

Baron Hugo de Hamilton, Director-General of the
Swedish Post- office, who has recently returned to Stock-
holm from Copenhagen and Berlin, has succeeded in
obtaining from the Governments of Denmark and '
Prussia a considerable reduction in the postage on letters ,
sent from Sweden and Norway to. ranee and England,
and vice versa. The reduction is to take place from the
Ist January next.
GREEN PEAS AT AIICHAELMAS.—We have been
favoured with a sample of very fine peas, a peck of
which was gathered last week in Messrs. Bunyard's
nursery-ground in this town—one among the many
proofs of the "mildness of the season."—Maidstone
Journal.

DUTCH AND BELGIAN MAIL.
THE DUTCH EAST INDlES.—Accounts from Maros,
a district in the north of Macassar, gives an exceed-
ingly interesting account of the aged Governor and
Chieftain, Makka Daeng Maleewa, who had filled the
orrice of governor for sixty-six years. A. splendid
piece of plate was publicly presented to him in the
name of the Government, bearing the royal arms, and
an appropriate inscription. The Governor of Celebes,
who was charged by the Netherlands Government to
present the plate, expressed the high sense entertained
by his Government of the manner in which he had
discharged his office in peace as well as in war. The
venerable cetoe-enarian chief knelt down and kissed
the hand of the Governor of Celebes, who had re-
mitted to him this high mark of the esteem of the
Netherlands Government, and charged his sons and
grandsons to serve that Government, which would
always protect. them. The scene was very affecting,
and many of the chiefs and delegates present were in
tears. The demonstrations of respect and honoui
Were publicly manifested by the community at large.
BATAVIA, AUG. 17. On the 13th, about four
o'clock, the Batavian steamer the Batavia, coming
from Singapore, brought the letters which had
come by the land mail, which left Europe
at the end of July. The mail which was
destined for Europe, and which left Batavia on
the 26th of June, was delayed in consequence of bad
weather in the Gulf of Bengal, which prevented its
accomplishing the voyage to Ceylon in time, and on
its arrival, the English steamer, which takes the mail
to Suez, was already gone, so that the latter had to
remain at Suez till the next departure. The last
steamer, which left us on the 22d July, was boarded
by pirates; accordingly a Dutch man-of-war, and
several vessels stationed in the river of Riouw, went
towards the Tole of Gallat, and gave chase to the
pirates ; they were, however, unsuccessful, and the
Batavia returned to Singapore on the 4th of August,
and left it on the 9th with the mail, and arrived at
Batavia on the 13th of this month.
BORNEO, AUG. 20.—The British steamer Nemesis
arrived at Laboan on the 18th of July, to replace the
English brig-of-war the Columbine, which is to re-
turn to Singapore, in the hope that the men and
officers will recruit their health, which has suffered
much from their stay in the isle of Laboan. The
Nemesis will not be stationed here long, but will
cruise in the vicinity to keep a look-out for pirates.
The commercial relations being now established
with Borneo, it may be necessary to know that the
Sultan of that empire demands a dollar per ton upon
cargoes from Borneo. This duty is in lieu of the pre-
sents which were formerly given, and in consequence
of a treaty concluded, no other duty is enforced.
The market is at this time abundantly supplied with
sago and pepper.
Intelligence from Borneo extends to the 26th, and
gives some details respecting the measures adopted by
the Sultan for the discovery of the pirates, who had
taken refuge in the interior of the country, after the
engagement between the Nemesis and eleven large
pirate vessels. In consequence of the request made
by Mr. Brooke before he left the island, the Sultan
pursued the fugitives ; twenty-nine were killed in
the wood, and about forty-two were taken prisoners.
About fifty persons whom the pirates had captured
were found among them ; these the Sultan took under
his protection, and determined to put the pirates pub•
licly to death. The forty-two persons, tied hand
and foot, were taken to the place of execution, where
the Sultan desired the fifty captives to revenge them-
selves upon the pirates for the horrible treatment
which they had received, and put them to death with
their own hands ; but they refused, and said God is
great, he will himself chastise them. One of the
pirates was then tied to a tree, and the Sultan pierced
him with his lance. This was the signal for a general
Massacre ; 200 armed Dayaks fell upon them, and
before the sun had set they were all speared,
their bodies cut in pieces, and thrown into
the River Braunie. This sanguinary execution
took place at a little distance from the town, in the
presence of thousands of Dayaks. It is calculated
that about 300 pirates took refuge in the interior after
the combat with the Nemesis. Before leaving Borneo
Mr. Brooke bad requested the Sultan to deliver any
pirates prisoners to Captain Grey, commander of the
Columbine, stationed at Laboan ; for, in attacking
the Nemesis they had become amenable to the Eng-
lish, and not to the Sultan. However imprudent,
though, it was probably originated in a fear lest these
pirates should escape well-merited punishment, since
a similar circumstance occurred on a former occasion,
when some pirates were taken prisoners by Captain
Chads. They were carried to Singapore, but as
there was then no Admiralty Court there, they were
sent on to Calcutta, where they were acquitted.
Thus the Sultan has saved the English great expense.
The fearful chastisement which he has inflicted on
the pirates will probably exercise a salutary influence,
but at the same time it will probably involve him in
great difficulties.
It is well known that it is not long since his
Highness has encouraged the punishment of piracy
and slavery. The engagement into which he
had entered, to renounce these barbarous acts,
conformably with the conditions of the treaty
lately concluded with the English Government, and
the eagerness with which he has massacred his
former friends will, certainly be a just pretext to the
pirates of Sooloo, Basilaw, and the other islands of the
Archipelago of 00100, to avenge the injustice which
in their estimation-he has been guilty towards their
compatriots. It is probable that they will unite their
forces to chastise in their turn the Sultan of Borneo
Proper ; and in that case it will be the duty of the
English to support and defend their new ally. If, in
anticipation of such an event, an English fleet will
show itself in these seas, it may effect the entire de-
struction of piracy in the Indian Archipelago, but if
these measures are not adopted, there may be some
fears as to the result of such an undertaking.
BATAVIA, AUG. 24.—Accounts from Pedang state
that the civil and military Governor of Sumatra, Mr.
Michiles, has arrived at Batavia, whither he has been
called by his Excellency the Governor-General, to be
consulted. upon questions of the highest interest to
Sumatra.
BATAVIA, AUG. 25.—The Journal of the _lndian
Archipelago, of the Bth August, gives the extract of
a letter from Mr. Nerebrouner :—" The working of the
tin mines of Malacca is now an object of great im-
portance. Several miners have returned to China,
carrying with them immense riches. There are
at this moment about fifty tin mines, some of
which are situated in the districts inhabited
by the Jakans, who, far from manifesting any
hostile sentiments, render great service to the
miners, and guide them through almost impenetrable
forests, towards rivers and places where they suppose
this metal may be found in abundance. It is deplo-
rable that almost every year the Chinese carry off
into their own country this great wealth of Malacca.
From all accounts the Chinese are not favourable to
the interests of the colony, and I am happy to see a
spirit of conciliation begin to manifest itself amongst
the Malays, for, from what I learn, an association
has been formed among them to work the tin mines."
—Dutch Papers, Oct. 26.
BRUSSELS, CT. 26.—Mr. Green, who, as we
stated yesterday, made his 176th aerostatic ascent on
Sunday last, descended with his companions, after
travelling for five hours, at Schriek, a village between
Malines and Louvain.
The execution of the unhappy Jean Francois Be-
reck, who was condemned at Brabant for fratricide,
took place at nine o'clock yesterday, on the Grande
Place, before an immense concourse of people.
has
stated Observateur announces that Count Lalaing as
stated that his health obliges him to relinquish his post
of representative at the Court of Madrid, where? he
will be succeeded by M. Jaegher, now Charge d
A f-
faires at Stockholm. The resignation of M. Lalaing
,s much regretted.

DISCOVERY• Or ANCIENT Attats.—A curious and
interesting discovery of ancient arms was made a few
days ago by some labourers employed in cutting drains
upon the farm of Thrunton, near Wittingham, in the
county of Northumberland, the p.roperty of Lord Ra-
vensworth. These weapons, five in number, consisting
about thee spear heads and two sword blades, were found
t two feet and a half below the surface, within a very
small space, sticking with the points downwards in th
moss. All are composed of the same material, bright
shining brass, which seems to have been preserved'in-
stead of corroded by the action of the damp soil in which
these relics have been deposited for so many centuries.
They are all different in their construcon, and all in
equal preservation, with the mouldingtis and edges as
sharp or sharper than a modern cavalry sword. Upon
comparison with other remnants of a similar description,
there appears to be no doubt that these weapons are of
Roman fabric. They are now in the possession of 'the
lion. 11. T. Liddell, of Eslington House, who, immedi-
-
ately upon the discovery, gave directions for further in
vestigation to be made in the spot where they were
found, but without success. It was conjectured that they
might have been deposited in the earth over the place of
sepulture of a Roman soldier. It is difficult to account
for their peculiar position, and conjecture is at fault
the absence of any additional remains in the vicinity.
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN ENG•
LAND.—All the documents relating to this long-debated
question among the Roman Catholicc clergy of England
arrived yesterday (Tuesday). cene of Dr. Wise-
man's labours is not to be London, as was originally
supposed. He is to be bishop of Birmingham. The
Right Rev. Dr. Walsh, heretofore Vicar ApostolicaArd e
h.
to
jof of
the midland district, which includes
vis now
Birmingham,.
whom Dr. Wiseman acted as coadutor,
Ap
ostolic
is of Westminster. The title
is to cease, and the bishops are to be for the future
re called
after their respective sees. The further division of
England into sees, preparatory to an increase in the
number of bishops, is still under the consideration of
his Holiness ; when that is definitely arranged,
be increased by four.
number of bishops willh theece
will also be one or two more archbishops created.
GLARING INCONSISTENCY.—We are surprised 'at
the conduct of the Bank directors, after the assurance
recently given that the screw principle was no longer to
be applied to the Great Britain,—Punch,