The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-13 00:00:00

EVENING Si N

sation (Relacao),. the other to the Supreme Tribunal of
Justice ; his execution is therefore not likely to take
place for some time to come.
Exchange upon London at 30 days' sight, 33id. to
54d. per milrei.

COURT CI tiC ULA4t,y
ti
The Queen will hold a Privy Council at;
o'clock to-morrow (Tuesday) afternoon at Wind-
sor Castle.

WINDSOR, SUNDAY.—The Queen and Prince
Albert 'and the Princess Royal arrived at the
Castle, from Claremont, soon after five o'clock
yesterday afternoon, escorted by a party of the
Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, commanded
by the Earl of March. The Royal suite, in-
cluding Lady Portman, Hon. Miss Paget, Hon.
Miss Lister, Baroness Lehzen, Earl of Listovvel,
Hon. C. A. Murray, General the Hon. Sir W.
Lumley, Colonel Wemyss, and Sir E. Bowater,
also arrived at the Castle from Claremont

This morning her Majesty and Prince Albert
attended Divine Service in the Private Chapel of
the Castle, the Hon. and. Rev. Edward Southwel
Keppel officiating.
In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Al-
bert left the Castle for an airing in a pony
phaeton, his Royal Highness driving. In at-
tendance were Lady Portman, Hon. Miss Paget,
Hon. Miss Lester, Earl of Listowel, Colonel
Wemyss, and Sir E. Bowater.
The Hon. and Rev. E. S. Keppel will have
the honour of joining the Royal circle at the
Castle this evening.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Glouces-
ter, attended by Lady Georgiana Bathurst and
the Eari of Denbeigh, left Cambridge House, at
half-past ten o'clock on Monday morning, for the
terminus of the London and Birmingham Rail-
way in Euston-square, and left town for Sudbury
Hall, on a visit to her Majesty the Queen
Dowager.
A Convention, reducing the rates of postages
between Great Britain and Bremen, was signed
on the 30th August here, by the Earl of Lich-
field, as Postmaster-General, and Mr. Colquhoun,
Diplomatic Agent for the Hause Towns here.
Similar treaties were some time since signed
by the Earl of Lichfield and Dr. Banks, Syndic
of Hamburgh, on behalf of Hamburgh and Lu-
beck. By these treaties the sea postage has
been reduced to 6d., and 'the inland postage, in
these States, to 2d. per 1- oz.
The Right Hon. G. R. Dawson, and the Hem.
Sidney Herbert, visited Sir Robert Peel at his
residence in Whitehall-gardens.
The Earl of Mountcashel and the Right Hon.
Sir Charles Bagot, had interviews with Lord
Stanley on Saturday at the Colonial-office.
The Danish Charge d'Affaires transacted busi-
ness at the Foreign-office on Saturday.
The Duke of Wellington had a dinner party
on Saturday, at Apsley House.
Sir Robert Peel had a select party at dinner
on Friday, at his residence in Whitehall-gardens.
Despatches from the Governor of Gibraltar
were received yesterday at the Colonial-office.
Lord- Adolphus Fitzclarence arrived in town on
Saturday, from LeaMington.

IMPORTANT CORRESPONDENCE.
COMMUNICATION FROM COL. CRICHTON,
THE LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF
FERMANAGH, AN]) COPY OF SIR R. PEEL'S
ANSWER.

" Crom Castle, Sept&

"SIR—In consequence of the manner in which you have
been attacked during the late debates in the House of
Commons, in allusion to a certain offensive seal which
has been affixed to the return of the Member for the
county of Fermanagh, I, as Lieutenant of, this county,
considered it my duty to call a meeting at the earliest
moment; for the purpose of giving the gentry an opportu-
nity of disconnecting the Conservative party from the
conduct of the individual who has so rashly caused the
stigma to be cast upon us.
" I feel much pleasure in forwarding to you a copy of
the protest, signed by all the principal gentry at present
in the county, expressive of their disapprobation of such
conduct, and of the insult offered to the feelings of the
Roman Catholics. I have likewise sent copies to each of
our Members, in order that, they may make what use of
them they may think proper in the House.
" I trust this document will remove from your mind any
impression that the gentlemen and landed proprietors of
this county are capable of fostering the feelings: imputed
to them, or of disgracing by such unworthy and un-
haritable actions the party whose principles you ad-
v oc a te.

" I have the honour to remain your humble servant,
" JOHN CRICHTON, Lieutenant of Fermanagh.
" To the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, &c."

" Enniskillen Court-House, Sept. 4.
" In consequence of a correspondence having appeared
in the last publication of our county papers, and our at-
tention being called to the report of a speech said to have
been made in Parliament by Sir Robert Peel, alluding to
certain circumstances regarding the conduct of our
High Sheriff in the recent return of our County Mem-
bers, in which the Right Hon. Baronet states he has
been asked whether he interded to associate with parties
who have offered a deep insult to the religious feelings
of their countrymen, Szc.,
" We take the earliest opportunity, at a meeting con-
vened by the Lieutenant of the county of Fermanagh,
of entering our decided protest in condemnation of an
offensive seal having been affixed to the return of the
writ, as disavowed by our late High Sheriff, and we
totally disconnect ourselves with the person or persons
who could be guilty of any act which could impair the
kindly feelings that up to the present period have so
happily existed in Fermanagh between all classes of her
Majesty's subjects, and we feel it right to state, that in
no part of the empire does greater tranquillity or more
marked obedience to the law exist than in our loyal and
united county.
" Signed by JOHN CRICHTON Lieutenant, Crom
Castle, and thirty-five gentlemen o ithe county."

" Whitehall, Sept. 9, 1841:

" Sir—l hasten to acknowledge the letter which I
have had the honour of receiving from you, and of the
document which accompanies it, expressing, on behalf
of the principal gentry of Fermanagh at present in the
county, their marked disapprobation of an act to which
public attention has been recently called, and which was
calculated to wound the feelings of our Roman Catholic
fellow-subjects.
" I assure you that this document was unnecessary
with a view to remove from my mind an impression un-
favourable to the body from which it proceeds. I could
not entertain a doubt that the gentlemen of Fermanagh
would deeply lament and entirely disapprove of the act
in question.
" But though the document may be superfluous for the
particular purpose for which it was intended, I have re-
ceived with cordial satisfaction the communication which
you have made to me.
" I rejoice that at a public meeting of the gentlemen of
Fermanagh, convened by yourself as Lieutenant of the
County, sentiments such as those of which you have been
the organ should have been expressed, so calculated to
discourage throughout Ireland provoking and irritating
demonstrations of party feeling and to remove the causes
of dissension and
The proceeding which you have adopted is calculated
to give strength and confidence to the Government,
which i! has been my duty to form in obedience to the
commands of her Majesty.
" It assures me that the course which I have firmly
resolved to pursue with respect to the adminiatration of
Irish affairs will meet with the cordial support of those
whose friendly co-operation is almost essential to its suc-
cess.

" My firm persuasion also is, that it will be followed
by consequences much more important than any that are
connected with mere party interests, that by setting the
generous example of forbearance, and by allaying angTY
feelings, it will go far to paralyse the agitation by
which Ireland has been distracted, and to enable the
real friends of that country (whatever be their religiousd
distinctions) to lay the foundations of internal peace and
social improvement. " I have, B.x.
" ROBERT PEEL.

" Lieutenant-Colonel John Crichton,
Crom-Castle, Belturbet."

—__
Sir Edward Sugden's appointment as Irht ish s
Chancellor will probably appear in to-niorrow nig'
yben offered to
Gazette. Mr. Blackburn will be Attorne-General for
Ireland. The Solicitor-Generalship bas e
Mr. Pennefather, but as that gentleman is out of town
(at Totteridge) his determination is not yet known.—
Evening Paper.
SUNDERLAND ELECTIN.—JUSt at the time
of going to press we have learnt that Lord Howick has
s a candidate for Sunderland.
consented to offer himself aorning, and will address the
His Lordship arrives this m
electors at noon. We trust the Noble Lord will meet
,Colonel Th-omps
that enthusiastic reception which he so justly de-
withLiens
Durham
nrhtahme
serves.—Sunder Lind Ilerall.
Dungannon. NI
and,e u ni,doerrd stand,p un on has left
towSnufoNrDSEußnidellrraiDid, for the puose of canvassino. the
Chronicle.
field, Mr.
wr.''b eAretiwaroeo,d
MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE.—On the 20th
or 91st Mr. Littleton, eldest son of Lord Hatherton, will
lead to the altar the Lady Margaret Percy, eldest
daugh-
ter of the Earl and Countess of Beverley.
The preliminaries for the marriageof
rums Hume Campbell, Bart., Au be Sir Hugh
only daughter of Lieutenant-en 1., and Miss Fuller,
G.C.H., and Lady Fuller, and '
era Sir Joseph Fuller,
already arranged, and niece of Lady Peel, are
we understand the
is to take place this autumn. solemnization

George Colman, getting out of a hackney
coach one night, gave the driver a shilling " This is a
bad shilling, Sir," said Jarvey. " Then is all right,"
said George, with his inimitable chuckle ; " all
right ; yours is a bad coach."
The footpath from the Hampstead-road, through
the fields to Hampstead, which has hitherto been unin-
terrupted, has lately been obstructed by an enclosure,
apparently formed without any other object than to rob
the public of their right. The paling crosses the foot-
path in two places, and causes great inconvenience of
females and children. we trust the parish of St.
Pancras will not -submit to this nuisance. It is evi-
dently an attempt to shut out the public from there
fields, to which they have an undoubted right.

EVENING SUN

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE!
RED SE AND THE ,lEDITEIIRANEAN
Aci:OSS THE ISTHMUS OF SEEZ.
Tbc fidlowin article on the above subject from the
Revue des Dcua: Aliondes, will be interesting to many
or our readers :

Tae attention of Europe is now more than ever
interested is f--,e means to be ernp!oycd to procure a
rapid communication between the Red Sea and the
Mediterranean across the Isthmus of Suez. If a

canal navigable for steam-boats were to be cut across
the Isthmus the passage from Marseilles, or London to
Bombay, might be accomplished in from 3G to 45 day?,
and if, instead of a canal railroal were established, the

xoyegm would be accomplished in as short a time, since
tile time necessarily lost in transhipment would be
compensated by the rapidity of the pAs=age across the
lithmus. Unfortunately sort: time will elapse before
the conflicting interests which contend for the posses-
sion of this corner of the ghbe, will permit the de-
cision of the question between these two :nodes of corn-
municatiop, which would give such an impulse to the
cominnrce of the old Continent.

WaiCvz this much-to-be-desired result, it may not
be uninteresting to take a review of what was doze by

the ancients in regard to this communication, of which
%hq fdt the great importance. Th It they have at dif-
:erent epochs attempt 2d its execution camot be denied,

for the testimohies of their historians would suffice to

estalAish the fact even when all vest,;,ges.of what they
did accomplish have been destroyed. With regard,
. .

liwvevcr, to the result of their endeavours, opinions are
at v,riacce . Some doubt that a regular communica-
tion by means of a navigable canal existed before the
Arabs, whilst others formally deny that t!-.e canal, which
was cut at different periods, was any other than a canal
the purpose of irrigation.
" The istLnus which separates the two seas is not
more than 12.0,000 metres between Suez arid tie shore

to the north of Faratnah, near the ancient Pelusia ; and
123 the waters of the gulf rise about 5.000 metres on the
average, the minimum of di.tance between the t.,vo
extreme points is from 117,000 to 118,000 metres, or
about 26 leagues, of 25 to a degree.
Toe soil of the it,thatus is a little elevated above
the seas which border it ; and is distinguished from the

rest of Egypt by the absence of all verdure, habitations,
ar sprng water.
Tins space of 36 leagues may be divided into three
ClTifers.nt parts : the first is a sandy bank, which sepa-
roe,, the bottom of the Gulf from the basin which was
called by the ancients the " Bitter Lakes ;" the second
is formed by this basin, the depth of which is not less
than from '23 to 30 metres (Wont 90 feet English) and
the bottom of which is consequently much below the
level of the two seas no eiVar side of the isthmus; the
third part is a sandy pla:o, which extends from the
upper extremity of this basin, which is now dry, and
which plain abuts on the Mediterranean.
It is towards the extremity of the Bitter Likes'
that terminates a large valley bearing the names of
Tonmilat and Sabal:-Byar, which comes at a right angle
from the Delta, commencing near the ancient Pelusiac
branch. This valley, which has been cultivated from
time immemorial, and which is believed to be the Lind
of Goshen,' inhabited by the Hebrews during their so-
journ in Egypt, receives the waters of the Nde by a
branch which opens near Buhastus.

. -
The ;unction between the Mediterranean and the
Red Sea may, therefore, be effected in two- ways, either
directly from Suez to Pe!uses by a canal cut in the
mountainous ridge between Suez and the Bitter Lakes,
then by the basin of these lakes, and then by a second
c inJA from their extremity to the Mediterranean ;

or indircetly, by the 85sistanu cf the Nile, profiting by
the valley of Sabah-Byar and joining the extremity of
the = Bitter Lokes' by a canal abutting on a point of the
Pelusisc branch or a little below, the point of the Delta.
" It is the latter of these tiro plans that was adopted
by the ancients. 'they never thought of forming a
direct communication, which, however, would have been
tee racket, and which at least would have given them
a continuous navigation, whilst the course they pur-
sued gave them only a temporary navigation, dependent
On the inundation of the river. They had, however, in
their opinions, excellent reasons for adopting the plan
they did, and which were as follow :
" In the first place there was a necessity for their
causing the Delta to profit by this grand communica-
tion, for one of the principal objects of the undertak-
ing was the exportation of its products to Arabia, and
it was therefore necessary to forma communication with
a :,ranch of the river.
" A second reason was the impossibility of establish-
ing a durable port on the coast of Pelusio, not only on
account of the disposition of the coast, but because of
the existence of a continual current from west to east.
along the whole coast of Africa—a current which
brought with it the mud of the Nile, which would soon
choke up any harbour formed to the eastward of the
roeuths of thet river. The existence of this current is
one of the causes of the extreme slowness of the ad-
vancement of the De:ta in the Mediterranean.
" The third reason which influenced the choice of
the ancients was the opinion that the level of the Red
Sea was higher than that of the Mediterranean. This
diErence is now established by accurate observation
to be about 130} feet. This difference is one of the
nim.t singular facts which the physique of the
globe offers to our notice. The cause of it is not
vet known, but it has given rise to various specu-
lations. Whatever may be the cause the fact is un-
doubted, and the communication between the two seas
is attended with inconwaiences which doubtless were
not last upon the ancients. The effect of such a dif-
ference in the level would cause a current which would
soon enlarge the canal, and, rushing with force towards
the Mediterranean, would rise its level, the first effect
hf which would be the flooding of the lower parts of
the Delta."
[Tue author, going into a long detail of the various
proceedings of the ancients in the formation of the canal
of communication at different periods, concludes as
" The cartel thus formed remained choked up with
sand until the conquest of Egypt, in the year 640 of our
era. The testimony of various Arab authors give
circumstantial details of the establishment of this
communication by order of Caliph Omar. The
canal was executed anew, from Fostbath (the
ancient Cairo), that is to say, the canal of Tro-
jan was resumed, which, according to Ptolemy,
commenced at Babylon. In less than a years, say
the authors, boats laden with grain arrived at Quol-
zourn, and carried abundance into the markets of
Mecca and Medial. The canal was thus restored to
the original purpose to which it was devoted by Pte-
leiny-Philadelphe. The navigation was carried on
without interruption until the reign of Caliph Al-Man-
zor, who ordered it to be filled up in order to prevent
a supply of provisions being carried by it to Moham.
ined-Ben-Ahdoulaii, who was in revolt against him (in
762 to 767). It had thus only endured from 122 to
127 years, and was never afterwards restored.
" The question now is, whether it is possible to re-
sume the works of the ancients and the Arabs, aura to
re-establish the navigation by the same means which
they hall followed. There can be no doubt of it, since
the conditions are at present more favouraVe than they
formerly were. the waters of the Nile Ineve risen con-
siderably since those days. It has bren calculated by
very able engineers, that the outlay n from 24,000,0001.
to 00,000,0001. would effect the junction of the Red
S,a with the Nile, and at the same time with the Me-
diterranean, and this expense cannot be worthy a mo-
mont's consideration, when the magnitude of the end to
he attained is taken into account."