The Sun.
London, England, 1847-05-14 00:00:00

PP SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, MAY 14, 1847.

capacitated from becoming a candidate at the general
election which must very speedily arrive, that he is
on that very account invested with a fresh title to the
approbation of a liberal and enlightened borough. It
were the utterance of a curious, and somewhat fan-
tastic, and surely a very incomprehensible, proposi-
tion, to assert that a man is disqualified to become the
representative of an English constituency because he is
actively engaged in the national service ; or that
a state of professional torpor is absolutely necessary
before an officer can be deemed worthy of advocating
the principles of his enfranchised fellow-citizens.
Such a notion would be in direct contravention of
all the principles of common sense. It would be tan-
tamount to the discouragement of naval or military
ardour.

Sir CHARLES NA PIER, however, has, we are con-
vinced, no cause whatever to doubt the renewal of
the confidence formerly expressed towards him by
the electoral liberalists of Marylebone. The Gallant
Admiral has redeemed all the pledges of the hustings ;
he has evinced no little anxiety to forward those
principles of commercial and legislative reform which
have latterly become so intimately amalgamated
with the whole body- of the Legislature. The
interest displayed by the lion. and Gallant
Member for Marylebone in all matters of a
local and parochial character has only been exceeded
by the regularity of his attendance in the House of
Commons, and by the boldness of the language in
which he has so frequently upheld the cause of social
and political freedom.

Now that the septennial period is approaching so
nearly to its termination, it necessarily becomes a
matter of peculiar and paramount interest with those
who are really solicitous for the triumph of liberality,
that every constituency throughout the three king-
doms and the principality of Wales should be pre-
pared for the contest inevitable upon that general
dissolution. The contest will net merely be at the
polling-booths or around the hustings ; it will in a
particular manner become manifested in the courts
of registration. For that contest every enfranchised
patriot in the empire should be prepared. No one
must slumber like the hare in the fable, or the tortoise
may outstrip its more competent rival. Every man
must be up betimes, and doing. The flood-tide is
approaching ; let not the precious opportunity be
missed. Remember that the Athletes of the Ronan
amphitheatres developed their corporeal skill and
their muscular energies by perpetual practice in the
strifes of the arena. The glorious principles of civil
and religious liberty have gained marvellously iL
numerical strength and popularity since the last
ele,:tion, it is true; the kindred doctrine of free trade
his in that momentous interval become victorious, it
is true ; the Conservative party, the strong party, the
inflexible and domineering party, has been routed
and trodden down before the irresistible impulse of
the popular will, it is true; party generally, indeed,
has become a has been and a bye-word, it is true ;

yet for those very reasons we should not evince our
exultation by indolence, or assert our power by an
idle and braggart confidence. We should consummate
all the toils of the recent Parliamentary sessions
by the enthusiasm of an election which shall

redound to the credit of the intelligence of the popu-
lation, and shall be a guarantee of the extended happi-
ness of the community. Remember this, Liberal Elec •
tors of England! that although you have the vast majo-
rity of the talent of the country with you, although the
most eminent statesmen of the age are with a few
unimportant exceptions bound together in the na-
tional cause, you must likewise show that among
your chief characteristics are those of ardour, of en-
thusiasm, of industry, of unanimity. And for tht
more facile assurance of success to the Liberal cru•

sade, which must be commenced at the next genera
election, let us return again to the Lower House ol
Parliament those men who have evinced their com-

petence to fulfil the duties of our representatives pro-
perly. Electors of Marylebone ! among these men is
Sir CHARLES NArIER.

Towards the close of last month Mr. COBDEN, M.P.,
was munificently entertained by the citizens of Flo-
'Trice, in their splendid gallery at the Borghese
Palace. having for upwards of half a century con-
ducted their mercantile affairs upon the priociples of
free trade, whereby they have attained to a degree of
social prosperity and happiness which the modert,
traveller finds unequalled in any part of Europe, thi
Tuscans hal nothing to gain by inviting our re-
spected and illustrious countryman to a public ban•
quet. The same observation would fail if applied to
the remarkab:e receptions which the lion. Member

for Stockport has met with in other cities of southern

Europe, during the nine months he has been absent
from his native land. Throughout France and Spain
the enlightened merchants resident in the various
marts visited by Mr. COJIDEN in the progress of his
tour, felt, more or less, the blighting effects of the
burdensome fiscal arrangements by which their ex-
port and import trade are affected. Hence, apart
from the gratification which they naturally expe-
rienced in entertaining so distinguished a guest,
they could not but have hoped that the faithful ex-
position of the true principles of commerce, made
amongst them by the great champion of freedom of
trade, and duly disseminated among the public,
might facilitate the conversion of their resp2ctive
Governments to the expediency of framing their
mercantile codes in accordance with the enlightened
views of the renowned commercial regenerator of the •
nineteenth century ; whereas in Tuscany the
citizens had no room for similar anticipations.
l'he galling influences of a restrictive policy
have for _ years hen unknown to them. For

the last fifty years the genius of philan:hrophy
has guided their intercourio with the rest
of the world. The banquet in question, there-
fore, was given purely in honour to Mr. COIMBN. It
emanated in the most refined desire of publicly tes-
tifying their exalted sense of his personal worth and
European celebrity. The assembly was altogether
free from the slightest alloy of selfishness. In its
sympathies and aspirations it was entirely masonic.
The blessings which they had acquired for themselves
they wished to be experienced by the inhabitants of
other states ; they gloried in finding among them the
man who had succeeded in England in trampling
under foot the hydra of monopoly. Mr. COBDEN
made a most felicitous speech. lle acknowledged
that instruction to his audience would be superfluous.
His remarks were male to bL read in other lands,
and to bear his faithful testimony to the happy condi-
tion of a people who had consistently acted upon the
soundest principles of political economy. 'Where the
sceptic will not be convinced by philosophical reason-
ing, a practical illustration will frequently serve to
work a conviction. There is a princely simplicity in
the eloquence of RICHARD COBDEN. To the memo-
ries of the eminent men who had disenthralled com-
merce in Tuscany, be rendered a solemn homage :
.• Honour to Baudini, who a century ago discovered the
truth, of which more than half the civilized world is still ig-
norant, that liberty of commerce is the only safeguard
of nations against the evils of scarcity, and their
surest guide to agricultural and commercial pros-
perity. ilonour, immortal honour, to Leopold, who, taking-I
the torch of science from the hand of Ilaudini, entered' upon
the then dark and untrodden path of free trade, and guided
only by its pure light proceeded onwards with an unfaltering
step, undeterred by the obstacles which ignorance, prejudice,
and self-interest threw in his way. Honour to Neri, John
Fabbroni, Fossombroni, and the rest, who preserved from the I
attacks of sophistry his great work to our day. These are
the real benefactors of mankind, to whom we ought to decree
honours and monuments, whose peaceful triumphs will shed
blessings upon ms i-lads yet unborn, long after the causes and
consequences of blood-stained victories are lost in oblivion
and nothingness."

The generous encomiums conveyed in the fore-
going hive been deservedly lavished upon the speaker
himself. Well might, then, Signor EMANUELLE
FENZI, in his fervid address, exclaim, " Continue
your labours, 0 RICHARD! gather other laurels, so
much the more to be desired because they are not
stained with blood, but arc covered with the benedie•
tions of the human race."

Madrid journals of
Meetings o, til
otghree
s leadingi' t,
the 7th have arrived.
Aloderadees and others of
the lea.ling i
aslvave bccn held, and perma-
nent committees appointed to watch over the interests
of the Cortes. It was rumouredtheevent of a d6solution
been really fired at on the 4th
that the QuEEN had
and that a ball had
Passed through the rim of
her bonnet. Several
per-
sons have been arrested and examined, but the result
of the investigation is as yet unknown. Theg
who was accompanied to Aranjucz by the .MinisteBrENof
War, was received most enthusiastically.
Senor
PACHECO has followed her MAJESTY to Aranjuez.
MADRID Bor,s,i, MAY 7.—The Three per Cents. 31. N
buyers, 31:1 sellers; Five per Cents. 19% buyers; Passive,

57.4 to 6 ; Coupons 16 cash ; Vales non consolidis, 3 y. Ex.
change on London, 19 50.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
The Journ,d des Dands has a I.)ng article on the
recent change in the Ministry, which taus rendered
necessary, it says, by the intrigues of the progressive
Conservatives, which led to constant attacks on cer-
tain members of the Ministry. "The members of
the Cabinet," it goes on to say, " have not lent one
another sufficient assistance. All the members of a
Ministry cannot be able orators ; those who have the
gift of oratory should take the place of those who
have it not, or who have it imperfectly. The attack
never slumbers, and the defence ought never to
slumber either. It should be always ready, and
should remember that in a Government like ours it is
not sufficient to have votes, nor even to be right ; a
Ministry may easily end by succumbing with the
best cause in the world, and with a majority of one
hundred votes, if it be not every day on the breach to
sustain its majority and enlighten public opinion."
The Constitutionnel ascribes the embarrassment of
the Cabinet to the misconduct of its members, and
states that the Due DE BROGLIE advised the retire-
ment of the whole Cabinet, and that a person whom
M. Guizor is accustomed to consult, and on whose
opinion he places great reliance, was of a similar
opinion; but that M. DUCHATEL insisted that the
Cabinet should remain in office.

During the recent disturbances in different parts
of France to prevent the removal of grain, the mili-
tary authorities have not ventured to employ force to
establish order, when not unaccompanied by one of
the civil authorities. The Minister of War, how-
ever, has just issued directions, setting forth that by
the law of Aug. 3, 1791, the commandants of the
military have not need of the co-operation of a civil
magistrate to repress acts of aggression and pillage,
and to ensure the absolute free circulation of grain
and provisions.

The Toulonnais of Sunday states that the first
division of the Mediterranean squadron, now at
anchor off the island of nyeres, was expected to re-
turn to Toulon to re-victual, and then sail for the
coast of Italy with the other ships under the com-
mand of the Prince DE JoiNvILLE, whose squadron
is now composed of the Souverain, bearing the Ad-
miral's flag, the Friedland, in which is Rear-Admiral
DE TREHOCARD, the Ocean, Jupiter, and Jena, with
the two frigates Armide, and Psyche, and several
steamers.

Cocas A tr/ITENTIQI7E. —PA ms, MAT 12.—French Five
per Cents., 115 f. 75c. 60c. LOc. Four-and-a-Half per Cents.,
104 f. Four per Cents., 100 f. 25c. Three per Cents., 77f. 90e.
Bank of France Shares, 3,240 f. Obi. of the City, 1,3001:
Neapolitan (Rothschild'e) Definitives, 102 f. 75c. 80c.
11 mans, 994 f. Belgian Five per Cents. (1840), 9”.,if.
Ditto (1842), 100 f. Ditto, Four-and-a-Half per Cents.,
9534. Spanish Three per Cents., Exchange on Lon-
don :—One month, paper, 25f. 70c. ; money, 23f. 70c.; three
months, paper, 25f. 37%c.; money, 25f. 3214 c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Aim( 13.
Central of France (Orleans and Yierzon), 141/2—Namur
and Liege, 4—Northern of France, 117 i; —Orleans and
Bordeaux, 6—l'aris and Lyons, 54—Paris and Rouen, 35%
—Rouen and Havre, 24—Sambre and Meuse, 7.

1111 E UNITED STATES
AND Al EXIC
(BY EXPRESS.)

ARRIVAL OF THE CAMBRIA.

HIGHLY IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL INTEL-
LIGENCE.

LIVERPOOL, FRIDAY, MAY 14, 1847.
The Royal Mail steamer Cumbria, commanded by
Captain Judkins, arrived here last night, bringing New
York dates of the 30th April. She sailed from Boston
on the Ist, and ilalifak on the 3d instant.
The news from Mexico is still of a very hostile
character.
The fall of Vera Crua when made known at the capi•

tal, did not abate their determination to persevere in
the war.
A battle was daily expected between a Mexican force
if 14,000 or 15,000 men, which Santa Anna is marching
towards Jalapa, and the division of the American army
under General Twiggs.
Our dates from Vera Cruz are to the 10th inst., vi(l
liavannah. On the Bth, General Tvriggs, with a column
of from 2,500 to 3,000 troops (regulars), took up the
line or march fur Jalapa. lie was rullowrd next day by
General P.Atterson, with about an equal force of volun-
teers, and General Worth with the rear division, would
tullow the dad• after.
The advancing column will not number less than
10,000 men. The garrison left in the city of Vera Cruz
and the castle, will be small, as the navy will assist in
maintaining order and subjection there, and at Alvarado
and other points along the coast, which have yielded er
;hall yield to our arms.
General La Vega, who had command at the Puente

Nacionel, a difficult pass about 30 miles from Vera

Cruz, had abandoned that position on the alleged ground
of not being adequately supported by his Governmt nt.

We bad a rumour also that the authorities of Jalapa had
iignified to General Scott their willingness to surrender
at discretion, but however, if, as later advices import,
Santa Anna had sent forward considerable detachments

from his army to fortify themselves at Cerro Gordo, a
defenceahle pass, in advance of Jalapa—another battle
may ensue there, of which however, after what hid
been sten, the result cannot be uncertain. We do not
indeed think that the Mexicans can again be brought to
stand before an American army in the field.
Reports had been circulated that sickness to a great
extent prevailed in the army at Vera Cruz, but direct
accounts do not represent the army as being sickly.
Of peace, no nearer prospect is perceptible than at
the commencement of the war, and such would seem to
he the fair interpretation of the recent call of the Go-
v, rnment for 6,000 atitlitional troops to reinforce the
columns of Scott and Taylor. The ten rrgiim nts before
culled for, together with the recruits for tiding up the
regular regiments, will more than suffice to replace the
twelve months' volunteers with Scott and Taylor, whose
term of service will Expire in June and July, but all of
whom may re. enlist, and therefore these six new regi-
ments are so many additional troops.
Money is found by the Government without difficulty
for its loans. The bids fur the eighteen million dollars
loan invited for the 10th April, amounted to fifty-eight
millions of dollars, all at or above par, and the loan was
principally taken at about of 1 per cent, premium;
and it has been selling since at from 2to premium.
The stock has twenty years to run, at 6 per cent. in-
terest. No better nor more desirable security can well
exist.

Commander M'Keene, of the United States navy, late
. _

in command of the United States Sloop of warvihtle,

came passenger in the Arve from Havanna!), which
arrived yesterday forenoon, and has communicated to
us the following intelligence received by him from
Lieutenant Emory, of the Topographical Engineers,
recently appointed a Major of Dragoons. Major Emory
left Captain M•Keene at Ilavannah, and proceeded to
New Orleans on his way to Washington. Both these
gentlemen arc bearers of dispatches, and Commodore
M•Keene returns in consequence of ill health.
On the 2d December lust, General Kearney arrived
at Sierra Phillipi, where he found means to com-
municate with Commander Stockton at San Diego, who
dispatched thirty-fivo volunteers under Lieutenant
Gillespie and Passed Midshipman Male, to his aid.
Nut expecting further relief, and all the passes being in
Possession of the enemy, notwithstanding his men
were worn out by marching over twenty-two hundred
miles, and mounted on broken down pack mules—all his
horses having been left at Santa Fe—General Kearney
determined to cut his way through the enemy to San
Diego ; and on the morning of the 6th December, an
hour before day, he attacked the enemy, 160 in number
and well mounted, at the Indian village of San Pasqua!,
and routed them with great 1059. They retreated one and a
half miles and rallied ; when the General ordered a
charge, and placed himself at the head of it. He and
his officers being better mounted then the men, first
came in contact with the lances of the enemy, and for

ten minutes were completely surrounded ; but as soon
as the men came up, the enemy again fled. In this
engagement, our loss was 35 killed and wounded,
Captains Moore and Johnson and Lieutenant Ham-

mond were killed ; and every officer, with two excep-
tions, was wounded, and their garments were literally
pierced isith lances. Gineral Kearney reeeiv:d two
severe lance wounds. His wh.,10 force was only sixty.
The next day he continuo(' his march slowly on foot
towards San Diego, all of the nudes having• completely
failed, with few exceptions, which were employed to
draw the wounded.

The enemy having occupied a hill commanding the
road, were again attacked and driven from tboir posi-
tion. When thirty miles frem San Diego, General
Kearney was met by a detachment of seamen and ma-
rines, dispatched by Commandcr Stockton under Lieut.
Gray.

On the 28th December the united forces of General
Kearney and Commander Stockton marched from San
Diego, consisting of 450 seamen and marines and the
remnant of dragoons, which originally were 100 strong.
the Bth of January they met the enemy, 500 strOpgs

with four pieces of artillery, advantageously posted on
the San Gabriel River. After a short discharge of
artillery they were driven from their positi()n. After
retreating five miles the enemy rallied, and again ofnred
battle on the (Jth, and were again beaten. Our loss in
both these actions was only two killed and thirteen
wounded, one since dead. The enemy is supposed to have
lost from 40 to 80. This affair, it is believed, will put an
end to the war in California.

General Flores fled to Senora with 50 to 100 followers.
General Pico went off with about 100 to threaten Colo-
nel Fremont. Having twice broken his parole he could
get no terms from General Kelrney. Pico represented
his force
,to Colonel Fremont at 400 men, and falsely
represented the battles of the Bth and 9th. Under these
false repre,entations Colonel Fremont made a treaty
with Don Andres. The capital (Delos Angeles) was
taken possession of on the 10th, without further re-
sistance.

General Kearney embarked on board the sloop Cyane,
Captain Dupont, for Monterey, on the 2d or 3d of
February.

Captain Emory has brought with him the results of
his explorations from Santa Fe to California, with infor-
mation which General Kearney considered it important
that Government should at once possess. Several mines
of goll and copper ore, rich and easily worked, were
examined and specimens obtained.

After the death of Captain Moore, Captain Turner
was assigned to the command of the dragoons.
The following statement of the stock of bread-stuffs
in the United States is of the utmost importance at the
present time, and will be gratifying to all who take an
interest in the welfare of the population of this country.
It gives promise of greater supplies than were anticipated
by the most sanguine :

The great problem at this moment for Europe and for
ourselves, is to establish, as near as may be, the probable
quantity of grain in the United States, both for consumption
and exportation. It is impossible in such a matter to ob-
tain accuracy. We must be content, therefore, with the
nearest approximation to it. As an essential element in the
needful calculations, we commence with the folio•ying tables
of the annual exports from the United Atates, fur a period
of eleven years, of flour, wheat, Indian corn, and Indian
meal. The tables are made up from Ist July each year, and
are compiled from the official returns to the United States'
Treasury Department :-
Exports of Fleur, Wheat, Indian Corn, and Indian Meal,
from the United Sti.tes in each year, from 1835, to 1816.
Years. Flour. I. Corn.- I. Meal. Wheat.
bb!s. Emits. bbls. busks.
183546 ... 50.5,400 ... 124,791 140,917 ... 22,062
1836 37 318,719 ... 151,276 ... 159,43.5 ... 17,303
1837-38 ... 418,161 ... 172,327 ... 171,843 6,291
1838-39 ... 923,151 ... 162,306 165,672 ... 96,325
1839-40 ... 1,897,501 ... 574,279 .. 206,063 ... 1.720,860 '
1840-41 ... 1,515,817 ... 53,5,727 232,284 ... 868,586
1841-42 ... 1,283,602 ... 600,308 ... 209.199 ... 817958
1842 ,
-43 ... 841,474 ... 672,608 ... 174,354 ... 311685
1843-41 ... 1,438 ,
,574 ... 825,282 ... 247,882 53,911
1844-45 ... 1,195,203 ... 840,114 ... 269,030 ... 389,716
1845-46 ... 2,289,476 ... 1,826,068 ... 298,790 -1,613,795
The export from the Ist Sept., 1846, to 27th March, 1847,
was thus given in our last European paper :-
Export of breadstutls from the United States to Great Bri-
taM and Ireland, from Sept. 1, 1846, to March, 1817.
Flour. C. Meal. Wheat. Corn.
From bbls. bbls. bush. bush.
New York 675,146 149,861 997,718 2,969,416
Philadelphia 104,937 62,581 195,339 397,914
Baltimore 161,771 23,995 33,770 818,445
Norfolk
N. Orleans to

the 26th 257,890
Boston
Other port,— 1,000

46,000 1,687,459
461,906
60,060

500

----
Total ... 1,258,876 248,852 1,273,382 6,931,140
The above table, though not all obtained from official
sources, is believed to be very nearly correct.
For the two months in 1846 preceding September we have
no means of ascertaining the exports, but if we estimate
them, and those for April of this year (three months alto-
gether), at one-half et' the aggregate of the seven months
given above, we shall certainly not over-estimate them, as
those three months are always active ones for shipping; the
total export, then, for the ten months from Ist July, '46, to
Ist May, '47, would be—
Flour. C. Meal. Wheat. Corn.
For seven months, bbls. bbls. bushels, bushels.
as above ...... 1,258,876 248,842 1,278,882 6,931,610
For three months.
per estimate ... 629,438 124,421 639,411 3,465,820

Total ............... 1,878,314 373,263 1,918,323 10,397,460
The exports of these ten months therefore exceed by a
very large amount the exports of any one of the preceding
four years in wheat, Indian corn, and corn-meal, and equal
that of flour in any one year but the last, which was about
400,000 barrels more. In Im.ian corn the excess is most
striking, the highest previous export falling under two mil-
lion bun:lids, while that of the past ten months exceeds ten
million bushels, or something more than a million bushels a
month ; and as there is every probability that the rates will
not fill off for the two remaining months of the fiscal year,
the total export during the year, of this grain will be more
than six times greater than in any preceding year.
Carrying o❑ our estimate if all the above staples, we
shall have as the export of the year ending 30th of June,
1847, of

Flour ... 2,253,977 barrels.
Meal ... 447,916 „
Wheat ... 2,301,988 bushels.
Corn ... ... 12,477,460
The next step is to present an estimate of the crop of
1846, and in this we rely upon the returns to the Patent-
("lice in Washington, which for years past has furnished the
tstati,tics for all the calculations and estimates of the various
products of the United .‘_tates. Entire accuracy is of course
out of the question in returns gathered as these are, but it
is probable they approach as near the truth as any that can
be had.

According then to the estimate of the Commissioner of the
Patent• office, the excess of the following articles of the crop
of 1847 o►•er that of 1845 was, of
Wheat
Corn ...
Rye ...
o.ata
Barley ...

... 10,654,800 bushels.
... 41,767,900 „
... 32,717,500 „
... 9,3'20,800
... 516,000 ~

Excess of 1846 over 1845 94,977,000
Now, according to the estimate we have given above of the
exports for '46-7, calculating the barrel of flour and of meal
at five bushels each, we shall fiind that of
Wheat, bushels, 13,571,873
Corn, 14,717,040
So that there only will be exported about three million bushels
of wheat beyond the excess of the crop of '46 over that of
'45, and of Indian corn not much more than one-thi • d of that
excess. In other words, whereas the aggregate excess of
wheat and corn of the crop of '46 over that of '45 is

Bushels, 52,422,700
The aggregate export for '46.7 of these
grains will be, bushels 23,285,913

Leaving still in this country of that
excess, bushels 24,133,787
It wig be seen that in these remarks we take no account
of any Other grain than wheat arid Indi;:n corn, and that
thus far we have only treated of the excess of '46 over '45.
We now proceed to state, on the authority of the Patent
Office Berrt, the crops of 1845, and the estimated popula-
tion of the United States in that year.
Population ................................ 19,602,500

Wheat ......... bush. 106,548,000
Corn

bu'sh. 524,147,000
Of the other cereal grains, and of potatoes, the crop isgiren
thus :

Barley bush. 5,160,600
0at5.....
Rye
Buckwheat ,„ ,s 10,826,000

bush. 206,269,600

Potatoes
Here is an aggregate of more than 730 millions or cereals
to feed less than 20 millions of people. Now allowing 5
bushels to each individual of these 20 millions—an allowance
greatly beyond the real consumption—there would remain
630 million bushels for the support of animals, for seed, and
fur exportation. If we add to this aggregate that of the ex-
cess of '46 over '45, we shall have nearly another million,
making in round numbers 700 millions as the grain product
of the United States for 1846, over and above the consump-1
tion of the population. Now, our total export of wheat and
corn, the largest ever, made, is estimated fur the year at 28i
millions of bushels.

To carry that quantity—and this brings into view another
element which enters largely into all considerate estimates of
the exportation of grain—the amount of shipping needed for
transporting the cargoes—let us now enquire what number
of vessels would be requisite.
Estimating the bushel of wheat and of corn at 561ba. each,
20,000 bushels will weigh exactly 500 tons, the full average
of what merchant vessels will carry. Now, supposing each
vessel to make three voyages, and to carry 20,000 bushels at
each voyage, it would require about 470 vessels of 500 tons
each, equal to 235,000 tons. The whole amount cf tonnage
employed in foreign trade for the year 1845—and it was the
largest amount employed for any year theretofore—as given
in the annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury to Con-
gress, in December 1845, was, of
American vessels (cleared,)
• oreign do. do.

Tons 2,984,252
Renee it will be seen that the exportation of the cereals
for the present fiscal year would require, upon the basis above
stated, about one-twelfth of the tonnage which sufficed for
that
whole foreign trade of the United States in 1845, and
after
all that shall be exported, there will remain in the
United States, if the estimates of the Patent-office at Wash-
ington, which a practice of many years should now render
somewhat accurate, are at all to be depended on, more than
496 millions of bushels of wheat and corn, the whole
quantity exported not amounting, in fact, to six per cent. of
the quantity raised.
It was in view of these results accurate if the public
statistics at Washington, published under the sanction of
Congi ess, are trustworthy, that we have heretofore expressed
opinion that the supply of grain from this country
would only be limited by-the difficulty of obtaining convey-
ance. This assumption has been strongly controverted in an
article published under our Money Head of the 27th inst.,
which will be folnd in this sheet, but we nevertheless do not
see how it can be disproved.
It is certainly true that the seaboard is very bare at present
of grain of all sorts—and that owing to the backwardness °f
the season, there will not much
go forward from here before
June and July, but that there is vet in the country a very
large amount to be shipped, and present prices will bring fur-
werd all there is, we do not entertain much doubt. As how-
ever it is, or may be, a matter of life and death to many, that
no mistake should be made as to the probable or possible
supplies from the United States, we think it right in order
that others may have
the means of judging fur themselves,
to give place here to the following
view presented by practical
business men, 1,21
and who believeentirely in who have taken 'es to inform themselves,
state. in the conclusions which they here

Flour has continued to maintain itself, notwithstanding
the unfavourable advices from Europe, mainly owing to the
circumstances of our entire sea board from Maine to Georgia
being exhausted of stock.
It is generally understood, that we shall require at least
500,000 barrels of the expected supplies of flour from our
Western Canals for the imperative and immediat9 wanta of

this and the NeW England Markets, during the first thirty
days after opening of navigation, and all parties are now
anxiously waiting for the receipts from that. our only source
of supply. These will begin to reach our market about the
middle of next month.
Recent advices from the West, represent that the farmers
have pretty generally sold out their wheat, and the late
estimates of those most correctly informed, of quantities of
wheat and flour which may be expected to arrive prior to
next harvest, are proved to be far short of the earlier expec-
tations—this is mainly caused by the unusual circumstance
of the Ohio and Misissippi Rivers, having been open all
winter, which has already drawn out the whole surplus of the
south-western parts of Ohia, Indiana, and Illinois, through
that channel to New Orleans.
These facts, together with the now almost universal com-
plaint of "winter kill" in the wheat on the ground ( the
farmers in many districts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, In •
diana, and Illinois, having already extensively ploughed up
their wheat for the purpose of re-planting with spring grain),
exercise, and justly so, a very important influence upon the
minds of those interested in the trade. _ . .

Any further considerable export of flour and wheat must
ha inevitably followed by high prices until harvest, and a
scarcity for home consumption part icularly, should our coming
crops prove as defective as now anticipated.
We learn there are this week extensive orderi in town
from Virginia and Maryland, to purchase flour for contract
deliverance in May, June, and July next, owing to the un-
favourable appearance of their growing crops, and the com-
plete exhaustion of their own supplies. That their supplies
should be so limited and the stocks so small in these southern
ports is somewhat remarkable, as the interior communica-
tion with Baltimore and Philadelphia opened this :Spring
much earlier than usual ; if the wheit and flour was in the
interior, the high prices should have brought it out.
Since writing the above, quite opportune, we have received
front New Orleans a circular of Thomas 11. Cheneworth,
dated 17th of April, of which the following is an extract,
confirming our view of the extensive drain from the South-
Western States during the past winter :
"FLoun.—The transactions in flour during the past inonth
amount to fully 275,000 barrels. The market opened with a
steady demand at 5 dolls. 75c. a 5 dolls. 874 c. fOr Ohio and
Illinois brands, and 6 dolls. for St. Louis, which rates were
maintained with but slight fluctuations, until the receipt of
the advices per Hibernia, which immediately caused great
activity, and an advance of 50c. per barrel. Buyers subse-
quently retired, in a great measure, from the market, and
the advance above quoted was lust ; but since the receipt of
the late European accounts, purchasers have commenced
with renewed activity, holders have gradually advanced
their demands, and prices close with great firmness, at
6 dolls. 124 e. a 6 dolls. 25c. for Ohio and Illinois, and
6 dolls. 50c. for St. Louis brands, with a slight stock for sale
in first hands.

As the demand for breadstuffs continues unabated, and the
stocks of both wheat and flour in first hands are now greatly
reduced, it becomes a question of much importance, whether
the supply to be received at this port during the remainder
of the season will be equal to that of the last year for the
corresponding period; and I submit such information as I
have gathered on the subject.
From the Upper Mississipi, shipments in 184 G did not
commence before the Ist of March, whereas, stimulated by
the high rates which have ruled this season, the great
bulk of the produce was forwarded during the months of
November and December, 1846, and February and March,
1817. At the principal shipping points on the Illinois, Mis-
souri, and Upper Mississippi, there are now no parcels of con-
sequence waiting shipment, while from the Ohio river it is
well ascertained the bulk of the crop has already come
forward—it must be expected, therefore, that shipments
from these points will, from henceforward, be in compara-
tively small quantities, while in lowa and Upper Illinois,
from whence last year large supplies were derived, the crops
of both winter and spring wheat were entirely destroyed. I
have but little data on which to ground an opinion of the
probable receipts from the Wabash, but do not anticipate
that the supply will exceed that of last year. It is agreed,
that under the most favourable circumstances, an addition
of forty per cent., will be a large estimate for increase in the
crop of the west over that of last year. Admitting this cal- '
culation to be correct, the amount of wheat and flour to be
received at this point up to the 31st of August, cannot ex-
ceed 1,500,000 bushels, from which is to be deducted the
amount required for local consumption and army supplies,
estimated at 6,000 barrels per week, which for twenty weeks
to the I.t of August, would give forty per cent. of the
above quantity, leaving 900,000 bushels for exportatation.
The apparent stock on hand here is about 100,000 bbls.
greater than at this date last year; but the major part of this
having been already purchased for exportation, the amount
in first hands is really larger.
On reference to the subjoined tabular statement, it will be
perceived that our receipts to this date already exceed those
of 1846, for the entire year, by 680,000 bushels. The large
comparative increase in the receipts of Flour over Wheat is
readily accounted for by the great difficulty and expense of
procuring sacks in the upper country.

COMPARATIVE RECEIPTS OF WHEAT AND FLOUR AT NEW
ORLEANS, /N 1846 AND 1847.
Receipts of Wheat from September 1, 1845. to
September 1, 1846, 480,000 sacks, at 2i
buthels each 1,120,000 bus.
Receipts of Flour for the same period, 810,000
barrels, estimated at 5 bushels of wheat each 4,200,000

5,320,000

Receipts of 'Wheat from the Ist September,
1546, to the 15th of April, 1847, 200,000
sacks, at 2} bushels each
Receipts of Flour for the same period,
1,100,000 barrels, at five bushels of Wheat
each

6,000,000
n 1815, for the year, to Ist September, 1816 5,320,000

Excess received to date 680,000
If the above premises are correct, but little Flour can be
expected to arrive in New Orleans after Ist of May, over
their own wants for local consumption, and direct West
India trade. Therefore, shipments from that port to Europe
must cease, more particularly as the flour of so late a season
must be expected to arrive out in damaged condition.
This Corrox Cuor.—lt will be seen from our tables (com-
piled with great care) that the receipts of Cotton in the last
four weeks, at all ports, have only been 140,000 bales, or
little more than half the quantity usual at this season of the
year. The nett stocks at all the interior markets on Ist
April, where we can institute a norough comparison for
four years back, are also short of all those years, except
1843, so that it is by no means improbable that this crop
may fall below 1,800,000 bales.
This backward spring is also unpropitious to the crop
to be grown this year ; for experience shows, and
naturally enough, that a backward season is almost
synonimous with a short crop ; let us hope we
may have an early anti favourable change in this respect, for
really the prospects for quantity of cotton are at this moment
such as ought to excite intense interest among those, who
have spindles to be supplied with it.
Most of the general shippers of cotton are averse to opera-
tions in it at present, but prices advance nevertheless, chiefly
owing to the wants of our own manufacturers.
There are a few operations by speculators even at present
prices, but whether they belong to the discerning few, or are
a portion of the misguided many, time must determine.
The prospect certainly is for scarcity both as respects the
present crop and that to be grown this year.
Exchange on England is rising, and may new be
quoted at from 61- to 62 and even 7 premium. On Paris
bills range from 5,34 to 5,32; these rates will check
the importation of specie.
Stocks generally maintain themselves pretty well. By
the Cambria; which reached Boston on the 20th ult.,
several parcels of American stocks were received, to be
sold in this market—principally Pennsylvania fives,
The efLet on the market was to induce a slight decline
—73!f had been obtained before the Catnbria's arrival,
and to-day 73 was obtained, same stock having mean
time been sold at 72i.
The banks are sound, strong, and though fully up for
the most part to their line of discounts, not pressed, and
the general state of business is sound.
TILE MEXICAN TARIFF.—We are happy to hear that Denis
Prieur, our Collector of Customs, has received instruct-Tim
from Washington to allow all merchandise liable to foreign
duties to be shipped to the Mexican ports occupied by our
Tariff.—
N. without paying the foreign duties under our
N. 0. Delta, April 18.
NEW YORK, THURSDAY NlGllT.—Business to-day at the
Stock Board was fair. Treasury notes not much sought
after, nor over freely offered. Exchange on Europe, espe-
cially on France, was in considerable demand for the steamer
whose mails must be made up to-morrow. On London the
ordinary rate may be quoted at 64 to 6%, with 7 for some
preferred bills.
Freights are in a pause—as well by reason of short stocks
here, as of active competition among foreign ships, that had
been taken up on speculation when freights were at the
highest., and are now here on expense,—with the certainty
of sinking money, whatever the rate they may now get for
their charterers. The rates now are almost nominal, say to
Liverpool fur cotton 3-16 d per lb.; flour and turpentine 2s 6d
to 3s. per barrel; grain, 9d. to 10d. per bushel. To London,
35. 6d. to 4s. 6d. per barrel for flour; and other articles in
proportion. To Havre, for cotton, 3 c. to lc. per lb.; flour,
1 doll. per barrel ; ashes, 8 dolls. to 10 dolls. per ton.
The sales of cotton to-day reach 1,000 bales; prices aro
quite firm.
Flour The demand is moderate and prices heavy.
Western Canal may be quoted at 7,75 dolls., and mixed
brands have been offered at a fraction below that price. Sales
of common southern have been made at 7.37% dolls. to
7,50 dolls. Sales of brandywine corn meal in hogsheads were
made at 22 dolls; Jersey meal in barrels is held at 4,564
dolls. to 4,62% dolls.
4,000 bushels northern yellow corn sold at 96 a 97c.; 1 000
bushels from store were taken to fill up at 1 doll •„ 4'ooo
bushels southern white brought 91c A sale of 10,000 bushels
Gennesee white wheat, to arrive in all May, was reported at
1 doll. 55c.
Provisions steady ; sales moderate.
Ashes remain as last quoted—Pots at 5% dolls; Pearls,
6% dolls.
Whale Oil and Whalebone are dull ; the large receipts at
the eastward have a tendency to depress the market.
SALES OF STOCKS AT THE BOSTON BOARD OF
BROKERS, Arum 28.
25 shares Old Colony Railroad, 99%; 25 ditto Western,
--
102; 25 ditto Nor. and Worcester, 491/2 ; 155 ditto East
Boston Co., 29%; 1,000 doll. Trasury 6's, 103%; 100
shares Canton Scrip,