The Sun.
London, England, 1823-10-31 00:00:00

STEWARDS.

Amory, Sarnuel, Esq. Oldham, Adam, Esq.
Bickersteth, Henry, Esq. Peaks, Serjcant -
Brougham, Henry, Esq. M.P. Pollen, Richaid, Esq.
Brundrett, .Yonathan, Esq. Preston, Richard, Esq.
Cardale, F;sq. Reardon, Daniel, Esq.
Courtentty, Philip, Esq. Scott, Fallowtield, Esq.
Farrer, Oliver, Esq. ' • Sugdon, E. Burtenshaw, Esq.
llolme, Bryan, Esq. N'tzard, William, Esq.
Jones, John, Esq. •.. White, Richard, Esq.
Knight; \la Yr, otulg, Esq.- Williams, Chas. Fred., Esq.
macqueen, T. P., Esq. 111. P. Wright, Esq.
JAMES ANDERTON, Secretar
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DUCHESS OP YORIC.—Few persons ever lived
to see such great revolutions in their families, as Rieliard's mo-
ther, Cicely, Duchess of York. She was, by birth, a Lancas-
trian ;.I.ter mother being the illegitimate daughter of John of
Gaunt, by his last Duchess; and by marriage, a Yorkist, her
husband being Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York.
• Though the wife of the representative of the second son.of
King Edward 111., whose just rights had been usurped by
King Henry IV., son of the Duke 'of Lancaster, the third son
of that monarch, there.yet apppared but little plausibility of her
husband's ever obtaining the-crown, it having been possessed
by three Sovereigns of, the reigning branch of Lancaster; and
the father of Richard, her husharsd, had been attainted and
executed for treason.
Notwithstanding these—MS-emir:Ting eiretunstances, she saw
her Lord, through her family interest, declared heir-apparent
of the crown, and the succession settled in his line ; and after
obtaining the greatest power that could be enjoyed by is subject,
that of Governor of the Kingdom, and just ascending the steps
of the throne, shesaw him, by his own rashness, killed in battle,
and his head separated from his body, in derision crowned with
a paper diadem.
Of her sons, five dead children, •Edward, the oldest surviving
one, became King. The second, Edmond, the youth of twelve
years of age, was cruelly put to death altar the battle of Wake-
field. George, the third son, who had NO sometimes true, at.
others disloyal to his eldest brother and sovereign, waaconvieted,
and put to death by the procurement of one, and at the order
of anwher of • his brothers. Richard, the youngest son,. alter
usurping the throne, and disgracing himself by. many murderous
deeds, fell in the field of battle, fighting against a Prince who
was descended from an illegitimate branch of the Lancaster
line.

The Payton Letters say she came to Coventry, December 8,
1159, when her lnisbot:d had just been attainted, with their
eldest son, and many others, by the Parliament. In January
148940, she was "still again received in Kent," whilst the
Duke of York, her husband, was at Dublin, " strengthened
with his earls and homagers." Christopher Musson writes to
John Payton, Esq. a letter dated from London, Oet. 12th, WO,
that—

44 The Monday after our Lady Day, there came hither to
my master's place, the harbinger of my fiord of March, de-
siring that ,my Lady of York, and hcr two sons, my Lord
George, and my Lord Richard, and my Lady Margaret her'
daughter (which I have granted them in your name), might
lie here until Michaelmas; and she had lain here two days,
but she had tidings of the landing of my fiord at Chester and •
the Tuesday next after, my Lord sent kr her that she should
come to him at Harford (Hereford) and thither she went, leav-
ing the children,' whom the Lord of 3larch, her eldest son,
every day paid visits to." The Duke, her husband, fell at
WakeHekton the bit' day of 11:cember in the same year.
This letter ;justifies' Lord Orferd's enzomium of the Duchess
Of York; :in his " Historic Doubts," that she was " a Puin-
cess of ApOtles3 character," as it fiirnishes proofs of her love to
her children, obedience: to her husband, and the regard of the
public towards her; : In her widowed state she was equally re-
spectedv:usitwithstatiding lier'llaskind was attainted, and her-
self depriveit.Of rank end toriuqi.: z.
Many and great were the changes this Princess saw ; she
lived in the reigns of live' Strvereigns . She saw ths. crown of
France wrested the infant broW f King Henry VI„ and
she saw him deprived of that of En and, restored, again de-
throned, and his innocent blood cruelly
,spilt. 'he saw her son
King Edward IV. crowned, dethroned, restored, and cut off by
his intemperance at an early age. She saw her grandson, King
Edward V., upon the, throne, but dePrived of his sceptre, im-
prisoned and murdered.. Site 4w her youngest son, King
Richard 111., usurp the regal homars'aild lose them soon after,
with his life, when not' More then', thirty-tiro, or at the most
thirty-five years of age; and, fine tly,.shesaw the enemy of her
14mily, who had vanquished him 'proclaimed by the name of
Hen .y VII.
In her life time there were these Queens :--Joan, relict of
Kim! Henry IV.; Catherine, the Dowager of Henry V.; Mar-
garet,' Elizabeth, Anne, and Elizabeth, the consorts of King
Henry VI., King Edward IV., King Richard 111., and King
Henry VII. It is difficult to say Which of these illustrious fe.
males was most unfortunate. Cicely was deprived of the title
of Queen only by the premature death of her husband, owing
to his own intemperate anger.
She saw these Princes of Wales ;--Edward, the amiable son
of the unhappy King Henry VI:: Richard, Duke of York, her
.husband. for so he was created. Euwani, her grandson, the son
of King Edward IV., and who afterwards was styled King
Edward V., Edward, sine of King Richard DI. also her grand-
son ; and Arthur, her ;volt-grandson. the son of King Henry
VII None of these Whites of Wales were fortunate, for they
all came to violent deaths except the two last, and they died at
a very early age. •
_

Tie Duchess appears to have had her general residence at
Baynard Castle, in London, arid Berkharnpstead, in lierts
but these though her usual, were not her only residences, for in
Aug. 1476, in the reign of King Edward IV., she was at the
mitred Abbey of St. Benet Holm in Norfolk ; this we learn
from a letter of Sir John Paston to his son ; in it he says, " my
Lady of York, and all her himsehold wore there, and where she
proposed to reside until the King, her son, came from beyond
sea, and longer if she liked the air there, as it was said." Ed-
ward IV. was then in h"ranee.

In the reign of Richard 111. she resided in London, but she
died at her Castle of Berkhampstead, and. was butied at her
own de<dre at Fotheringuy, in Northamptonshire, by the side of
the Duke of York, her husband; of whose splendid funeral
SandfOid gives a particular relation ; it was all but regal.—
The chancel of the choir being destroyed, Queen Elizabeth,
her great-great-grand daughter ordered the bodies of this illus-
trious couple to be placed in a vault prepand for that purpose
in the church.

GEOIIGE, DIME Or I..,LATI.EXCIL—The Duchess of York
was cxtremily unfortunate •in the quarrels of her sons.—
Clarence was peculiarly .turbulent.,, tickle, ambitious, avati,
emits, and rash. His quarrel with his brother Richard about
his marriage,' desirous of retaining the whole of the great pos-
sessions of the Earl of Warwick, called the King-maker,"
Whose eldest daughter he had married, was perhaps the first
cause of their extreme dislike to each other; and King Edward
IV. never forgave him his disloyalty.
If our Common historians are to be credited, Clarence openly
accused his mother of adultery, to stigmatise the King with
bastardy, that he might claim the diadem at the expence of
her honour; and this was one of the acc..sations against him at
his trial. _ _ .

They also allege that Richard, improving upon the hint, per-
suaded the infamous Dr. Shaw, at St. Paul's, and the Duke of
Buckingham, in Guildhall; that she had taken to her bed cer-
tain persons perfectly resembling Edward IV. and Clarence,
who were their fathers' and that Richard only had the features
of the Duke of Work, her hoshand, anti consequently was the
only son she bad by the Duke.
these relations had been
These, however, appear to be merely " Lancastrian Tales."
If Clarence was weak, the other brothers were not. AB men
would haVe looked upon Richard as such a monster, that he
though little regardful of the ties
mandlembryAihni,s
would never have gained his aim, if
,
of blc;cd, or stisevtible of the moral duties, appears to have be-
VI., with every particular of the
In 14f;I he sent,
hayed with rn-inlirlecr.3l7ll-liisilitallwarersap'ect to his mother.
iunngilt;lrethei:t:iiiimxinizutaile,tiray letter, acquainting her of his hay«
bloody battle of Towton. Fabian says, that in February,
1.170, when the Nobility strove to make up. the breach be-
tween him and Clarence, these Royal brothers met for, that
purpose at 'llaytard Castle, where the Duchess their mother
then lay. •
In his marriage with Elinsbeth Woodville he is said to have
slighted g her ood advice, not to marry a subject, though he
had thought it his duty to consult her upon it. But love in
this instance provt4 1 more powerfill passion than duty, or even
his own security.
'The [:rags howevtr, does not appear in the
least to have derogated hi lii'. wontedrespect to hismothsr after.;
ward, though the influence of the Queen was superior to that
of the widow of his father. '
The Queen was more beautiftil than wise, more accomplish.
ed than politic, for she studied more to tat the court of her
hughand with her own relations,.than to gain the. friendship of
the King's' This impolitic contact .a-rmitual distrust to
the Royal Family and the Nobility. Misisheth was as intriguing-
as her preticcesur Queen Margaret, and it was equally ruinous
to the interest of hex offsprint Henry, VII., who, though, for
security he married her ditng ter, hated her and the Yorkists,

RICHARD the numemus accounts of this Monarch
it is almost impossible to add any thing new. Buck, in his
reign of him°, and Lord Orford, in' his Historic Doubts, have,
!termer, said enough, notwithstanding the vices ascribed to
him by Shakapeere, and those whom he copied; 'to tnake, Us
hesitate befOre we prunounce definitivelpon his character. Ac-
cording to the latter author., it apitears that King Richard's
first Council Was held in his mother's house, and that he wrote
her a most affectionate letter froin Pontefract, June 3, after be
was King. Thu language is humble and respectful.
However, it must be supposed thet she was greatly shocked
at his conduct, when he had thrown .off the mask ; when
he had bastardized all King Edward's children, when he Kati
imprisoned, if not destroyed, the sons of that Monarch, and
she • saw the daughters of Edward, Instead of sharing the
thrones ~of the greatest petentates in Europe, doOmed to be
only the wives of some of their.,father's subjeern-' when she
saw him change the sticiesisign fretpieritly, .atia at length
saw it tekerrby him frnin the PlantagentAs. But the tales
about Richard's defaming her character, as well as the pretended
aspersions of it by Clarence, Shaw, and Buckingham, as we
have hinted, appear to be totally unfounded.
All Richard's projects failed, and by his death, at the battle
of Bosworth, the crown went to an illegitimate stem of the
Lancastrian line. The Duchess, .his mother, how4ver, must
have derived some satisfaction in seeing it settled in her issue,
by the marriage of King Henry VIT. with her eldest grand.
daughter, Elizabeth ; thus
." Twining the roses, red and white, together."
She lived to ye several children of this union. •
• See Bishop Kennet's Complete History of England.

• • LISBON PAPERS.
LIMN, Stitttrilay, the 11th, the
Ambassador of his Most" Christian Majesty gave
a splendid entertainntent 'at his hotel, in honoui
of the happy deliverance Ofthe.King of SPaill'and
his augnst family, which his Royal. lfighneis
Don Mitigttel hoßetti-ed with his presence, as
well as the foreign Mittisters, all the Cou,rti and'
manypersons of distinction. •
OCT, i oov:tie Contains, among the
official docaments-1. • •
A Repletion of his Akiesty Authorizing the Conde de
Povda, Minister of Finance, to contract s loan to the amount
of twenty
,mill inns crusadozs. Tills document is dated:
S I
eptem icr 25
2. it Decree which, after premising that the dist:mat:Wog,
faction which has made itself master of the flovernitient of the
Kingdom for the space of three years has, ruined the fineritie4.
states it to be absolutely necessary that seine measures for
the increase of the Public Revenue be adopted, and proceed&
as followS:
" I have thought fit, to determine, with the advice of my
Council of State, and of other skilful persons, full of zeal for
my Royal service, and interested in the general good of th.-!
nation, that till the Customhouse duties in these kingdoini
shall be regulated on a fixed plan, which is now underconsi..
deration, the import duties on certain merchandise shall be re,'
established or augmented in the manner following
" Those colonial goods which hitherto paid only the duel

. .
called Thrall() pats Fraguatris shall pay 30 per Colt. of their
value, like other, of the same origin. Rice of Brazil, or of the
Portuguese and African Provinos, shall pay 30 per cent. cal..