The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-16 00:00:00

TILE STN., LONDON, SATURDAY,
,OCTQBER 0,, 1.7544!..,

believe that the. iiacrilld quoted the pa sage we
have borrowt.d. from it, to sliow that the a6icul-
turlsts have gone to decay, under the system. of
protection, but it was so ; and Lie art'ck.whieh
contained the passa.cie is so curious, when futtnd
a pro-COrn-law Journal, that We must beg atten-
tion to some portions of it.

The Morni:29 Herald yesterday said :
Whilst we demand for British agriculture adequate
protection against the inroads of unregulated importa-
tions of foreign grain, we disclaim any intention of en-
deavouring to • keep up fictitiously the present price of
land, at the expense of the consumer, and to the destruc-
don of the capital of the farmer.
The worst enemy to the landed interest is a landlord
who wittingly lets a farm at a rent beyond is value, or
who encourages the ruinous competition of the farmers
by letting his land by auction, or to the highest bidder,
simply because he oilers most money.
The general inability of farmers to cultivate their land-
profitably is ultimately very. injurious to landlords ; it
exhausts the land, it prevents improvements being made;
it is a drag on the progress of agricultural knowledge;
but worse than all, it creates a diversity of interests be-
tween them and their tenants. Good and solvent tenants
are now rarely to be found ; and we could point out a
system of management on the estates of one of the
largest landowners in England, as giving a direct en-
couragement for the occupation of an insolvent and care-
less tenantry.
It i,in vain to give protection to land, if the cultiva-
tors of the soil are to derive no benefit therefrom ;
and it is, we 'fear, too certain that farmers have not
derived the advantage that might have been antici-
-sated from the existing Corn-law. It was stated by
com-eetent authority before a Committee of the House
of on agriculture, in 1836, that "no -.less
than half the average rent of the kingdom was paid
out of capital instee..4 of profits." The decreasing wealth
of the farmer operates in,7st injuriousl
g.t
y. on the labourer.
nroteetinhemselves, as
It is as idle to talk of tenants egulated,solely by
it is to speak of factory wages lieino-
the suppy of the labour market. khedein.".nd fo.t;ieladntd.
gives landlords as much power over tenants as ..
mend for employment and the low price of food give t,
to the cotton-spinner power over the factory workers.
Should the landlords, as a body, continue to neglect this
great duty, they will most assuredly create in their te-
nantry a body having antagonistic interests, and will ul-
timately- force those agriculturists who have preserved
any portion of their capital to transfer it to the cultiva-
tion of wheat in Upper Canada, or to the breeding of
sheep in the Australasian colonies. There is already
in the north of England and in the south of Scotland,
amongst the wealthiest and most intelligent of the youthful
farmers, a strong desire to remove from a soil where high
rents are rapidly consuming their capital ; and from the
banks of the Tweed, a district, though rich and fertile,
by no means over-peopled, there has already been a very
considerable emigration of money, education, intelli-
gence, and labour.

The decreasing prosperity of tenants has not, however
been generally accompanied by a permanently improved
state of things amongst landlords. The great practical
vice of the present age is nowhere to be more easily ob-
served than among landowners. That vice is, that men of
fixed incomes too generally lire beyond their means, and
by speculations foreign to their habits endeavour to grasp
at large fortunes by coups de main. The proprietors
of small estates, handed down from generation to
generation, with all their fine hereditary feelings
and sympathy for the poor, are rapidly disappearing ;
their possessions are bought "as an investment" by
some cold-hearted millionaire. who purchases pro-
perties as he buys into the funds, merely that rent-days
may come round with the same regularity as dividend
days, and who envies in his age the local importance of
those country gentlemen whom he has remembered from
his youth. Nor has this evil confined itself to small
landed proprietors ; it is equally destroying the moral
influence, the lofty independence, and the means of dif-
fusing around them happiness, of too many of the lords
of thousands of acres, whose patrimonial, inherited, or
acquired possessions, apparently bestowed on them—to
use Dr, Johnson's memorable expression—" wealth
beyond the bounds of human avarice." The insolvetcy
and embarrassment of some of the highest in honours,
the largest in landed properties, and the most active in
politics of the present day, are as notorious as they are
criminal. We can conceive no sight more contemptible,
no influence more demoralising, than a man of hereditary
rank, of extensive possessions, and of great political in-
fluence, ruined or involved by his own extravagance.

Who may be meant by this last paragraph we
know not; but it draws a Noble Duke to the life
now -in the ..Administration, and heretofore the
idol of the Jferald, as he still is of farmers.
We, however, car?. less for the individual de-
scriptions than the general statement; and here
we have the Herald asseri:.'w;
that, in spite of
the Corn-laws, which are notorioolY
ruining the
manufacturers, the landlords are going
to decay
and becoming insolvent, properties are cha.7ging
hands, rents are too high, the farmers are getting
impoverished and anxious to emigrate, and the
labourers in agriculture are reduced to live
chiefly on potatoes. All these matters are not
new to us, we have frequently stated theta ;
but when we find them in tt pro-Corn-law journal,
we ask if it be possible to require further evi-
dence that the plunder committed by the Corn-
laws is, like all plunder, equally injurious both
to the -plunderer and the plundered ? That
result illustrates and confirms old experience,
but wc did not need it, and it is a disgrace to the
people that they need it, to make them rouse
as one man, and put down, with indignation,
the robbery committed by the landowning Legis-
la cure.

The whole of.the Paris Journals of Wednes-
day have reached us: In the Moniteur of. that
day we find the following news from Spain:—

the- foilowing different version in the Ga:ette-de
France Wediiegday

NEWS FIZONE SPAIN..

Tlie news of the cheek Sustained on the 7th at Madrid
by the partisans of Queen Christina, and of the violent
measures adopted .by Espartero in consequence of this
oven:, reached Paris at the same time that notice was
given from London of tha counsels addressed from
Downing-street to the Regent, to induce him to push
matteri if necessary, so tarns to declare :war against
France, and to deliver lettors of marque, as the only
means that would prevent England from intervening in-
directly.
This news has checked the ardour of the Guizot Ca=
binet, and orders have been given to the confidants and
to the official journal to disavow all participation in the
enterprise of Queen Christina. The iminediate -depar-
ture of M. Salvandy is going to.be -announced. &Ids.-
factory explanations will be. given to M. Olozaga.,-
Lastly, in expectation of what events may produce, a
complete retreat is to be made as decently as possible.
It is now perceived what an enormous fault, was com-
mitted in refusing to enter into formal engagements
respecting the marriage of the eldest son of Don Carlos
to the young Princess Isabella. It was wished to play
a cunning game, and to have the support of the Spanish
Carlist party, without giving any pledge. Consequently
that party remains indifferent in the struggle, and neu-
tralizes all the efforts of the Christinos.

The marriage of Isabelle- to the eldest son of the
Infant Don Francis de Paulo, which was on the point of
being concluded, with the consent of Espartero, seems
likewise not to meet the views of our Government, for
Don Francis de Paulo, who was going to Madrid, has
just been invited by the authorities at Bayonne to turn
back, and has been forbidden to pass the frontier.
What then are the projects of Queen Christina re-
specting her daughter ? Has she entered into en-
gagements in favour of the Duke d'Aumale? and is this
the real obstacle which opposes the re-establishment of
peace and legitimacy in Spain?
What other news from Spain we have received
will be found in another part of The Sua. Ex-
cept this intelligence we find little of importance
int
lie
veilt s
Paris
noJournals. attention
v
e extract
xt - i 0
inEventhe
presence the news
of
sfromne
4 frica excitesh
stirring
the following filmy' the Moniteur Algerien,
of the 6th instant :
" The corps destined to revictual Milianah left Bliihth
‘e
at five in the morning cf the 27th ult., under the com-
mand of General Baraquay d'Hilliers, escorting the
largest convoy that have ever been sent out in Africa.
It was composed of nearly 4,300 horses or mules, and
about 900 head of oxen. In the plain of the Mitidjah
the expedition saw no more than about 100 Hadjoutes,who
observed its progress without seeming to he in the least
disturbed. While passing the Chaba el Ketta, about 200
KahyleS fired upon the rear guard, and put several men
hors clecomhat. On the 29th the convoy crossed the Col du
Gentas. About 2,000 Arab horsemen appeared on the left
flank of the column, but contented themselves with observ-
ing our march. At night-fall the bivouac was taken up near
the Marabalit of Sidi Abdel Bader. The next day, hav-
ing deposited its enormous charge at Milianah, the ex-
pedition started again early in the morning, and repassed
the Goutas on October Ist. The rear-guard was again
attacked by 500 or 600 Arabs, but the superiority of our
arms, and the judicious employment of our artillery, oc-
casioned them considerable loss. We on this day had
about 15 men put hors de Combat. The corps bivouacked
at Oued Adelia and Oued el Ger, and protected by
two lateral columns, charged to secure the march by
taking possession of the heights, entered the valley of
Oued el Ger, and bivouacked on the Bou Roumi, at the en-
trance of the plain. The parallel columns had serious en-
gagements with the enemy, and killed and wounded 20 cf
our men. On the 3d, the column arrived and encamped
under Blidah. This expedition of seven days was attended,
perhaps, with greater difficulties than any tbrmerone. The
excessive heat, the constant scarcity of water, the length of
several forced marches, gave the troops a new opportunity
of showing their energy, their devotion and resignation.
The partial engagements with the horsemen and Kabyles
cost us thirteen men killed, including a captain, and 43
wounded, two of whom were officers. The losses of the
enemy were, however, much snore considerable. It is to
be observed that, in spite of the incessant difficulties and
continual want of water, nearly all the convoy was con-
ducted .safe to Mihianah, and deposited 220,000 rations
of every kind."
The same journal states that General Gueswiller had
visited Berdj-Medjana with his column, 1,800 strong,
and penetrated to the distance of 18 leagues in the chain
of mountains which divides the province of Tittery from
that of Algiers. He did not meet with resistance on any
point, and returned to Setif on the 20th September, aft:r
an absence of 12 days. His object was to reconnoitre a
country not hitherto visited, and he has discovered a
means of communication between Constantine, Algiers,
and Medeah, preferable to that of the El Biban (Iron
Gates). .
The Journal du Luzentbourgh publishes the following
intelligence :
"We hear that his Majesty the King, Grand Duke,
has appointed Messrs. Lafontaine, Baron Blockhausen,
and the Piscatore, Commissioners for negociatine•' a
Treaty of Commerce with Belgium. His Majesty has
like -wise signed a Decree, establishing at Luxembourgh
der of Commerce, consisting of 25 Members, for
a Chinn
the City, arm the Grand Duchy."
On the iuth inigtant the steamer Elbeuvien, No. 2,
which plies between and Elbeuf, took fire when
Pone. Fortunately the Ville
near the meadows of St Li
,d'Elbenf packet being near, the Y nasengers were able to
remove on board that vessel.

addressed a
-talents,

The Director-General of the Customs ham
circular to the Directors of Customs in the depa..
announcing that in future webbing made of cotton a..
caoutchouc may be imported in the same way as other
objects of caoutchouc mixed with other materials, and
which are admitted on payment of a duty of 200 f. to
212 f. 50c. the 100 kilogrammes.

A large and well-organised band of thieves and
swindlers have been detected at Angers, Nantes, and
other towns in the west of France. Many of them have
been arrested, and the police are on the traces of others.
Quantities of jewels of considerable value are said to
have been stolen, and merchandise to a great amount
obtained by fraud. One of the gang is said to have
carried on the system by pretending to be a courier at-
tached to the mail between Nantes and Bordeaux. He
is supposed to have been one of the chiefs. Another, of
the confederates is said to be a member of a respectable
family in one of the principal towns of the west.
The Correctional Tribunal of Lyons bast just con-
demned to four months' imprisonment a priest attached
to the Hotel Dieu in that city, for abstracting ornaments
of various kinds from tombs in the cemetery of Loyasse.
He was possessed, it appears, of a mania for making a
collection of vases and similar articles.

During the last month the consumption of Paris was
4,812 oxen, 1,781 cows, 5,868 calves, and 33,812 sheep,
being a diminution of 626 oxen and 2,816 sheep as com-
pared with September, 1840. "The difference," says the
Commerce, " which is equivalent to 350,000 kilogrammes
of meat, is attributable entirely to the high prices re-
quired by the dealers."
On Monday evening a well-dressed young man en-
tered a ready-made linen-warehouse in the Passage des
Panoramas, and, taking a seat, desired the owner of it,
who is a female, to quit it immediately, saying that
it belonged to him. On her expressing her astonish-
ment at his conduct, he said he saw she wanted money
to induce her to quit, and threw down a handful of five-
francs pieces, adding that he had millions, and could
give her more money than she could carry. Some of the
neighbours having entered the shop for the purpose of
expelling him, he told them that he had hundreds of
millions, which were given to him by the Emperor, who
had sent him to take possession of the shop, and carry
it on in his name. There being no doubt as to his in-
sanity, the Commissary of Police was sent for, and he was
placed at his disposal, with a view to his being restored
to his family, or placed in an asylum.
A few days ago, says the Cour; icr du Midi, M. de
Saint-Paul, Avocet- General of Montpellier, who was at
Milhau canvassing the electors as a candidate to replace
M. Nougaret in the Chamber of Deputies, finding him-
self suddenly attacked by a violent head-ache, resolved
.upon a little country excursion in the hope of dissipating
it, and after writing for his wife that he was unwell, but
hoped the excursion would• zelieve him, .set out for that
purpose. On the following day the conductor of the
• diligence from Milhau to Montpellier, whilst crossing a
bridge over the Tarn, saw the body of a man lying at the
fo-Ot of a sloping-hank, and, on proceeding to examine it,
found • that it was M. de Saint-Paul, and that he was
quite dead. • It is supposed that he had been suddenly at-
tacked with giddiness and aneurism of the heart, had fal-
len off the bank, and, no assistance being at hand, had
soon ceased to exist.

We.find the following extraordinary, and, as it ap-
Teens to us, incredible statement, ins letter from Al-
giers of the Ist instant, published by the Sentinello of
`Toulon :—"A lady of Algiers, who some time ago buried
one of her children, recently obtained permission from
the municipal authorities to have the grave and coffin
opened, for the purpose of
placing in the latter a still-
born infant. The coffin was found to be entirely empty,
and an inquiry being set on foot as to the cause of the
disappearance of the remains of the first child, it was
ascertained that the grave-digger, who is the owner of
an immense number of pigs, and who supplies most
of the .pork-butchers of Algiers, fed his pigs with the
corpses which he buried. In his house were large quan-
tities of human flesh chopped up, and, on examining the
graves in the cemetery, every coffin was found empty.
A discovery was also made, in the house of the grave-
digger, of jewellery to the value of about fifty thousand
francs, which had been buried with the bodies. The
:r.itninal is arrested,
and the prosecution is going on ;
eut, what a dreadful reflection it is for many persons to
think that they may have been eating pork fed with the
flesh of their own relatives. The use of pork has been
interdicted for some time, and all the grave-digger's pigs
have, by order of the Procureur,GenerJ, been killed
and instantly buried."

BOURSE--PARIS, WEDNESDAY, OCT. 13.

irepch 5 Ter c,etE
prat Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Pricy. Price
LAIF. to :1.0,1: is,ittivi:it 10 10 ... 106 10 ... MI 10 ... 106 10
...... -I% per Ci.ets
4 a,. I. IS 5U ..„ 98 50 ... 418 1,0 ... 18 50
3 per Cents. 79 40 . :9 45 ... 79 35 ... 79 45
lank 0; r ~,,,,,, .....
*************
...iszs ...2345 ...:335 —3345
il.t.t..essxth.a.drri,ov.:.
ti
ii.l;.;
5058;
.......5011,1;;i1:44
505809
.........;0G,13124,
55:11
.........51001:631;
5t703i
I.elgian 5 per Cents.
5' re,Cent4,, 18,0
Dutch 2).2 per Cents. . 52 ... :)2 ••• fl 2 ... 52.
3,idnise "'cave 40% =;l% ... 'V% ... A 4
Passive__ * 5 ... 5 ... 5 .., 5%
Portugueses per ce; ** **** ******* 26% ...
t•aptnit.tri ..............•los ti) ,„ 104 80 ... 1'1:4 60 ... ,e 4 ga
R'marl ...................
•••
;04 104 ... 104 .. HA
k, Ul, WAS'
11
Versaillcs,, 8..
... 3".8.?
K . 7i ,„, C,B 75 ... 318 75 .„3(8 73
, ... .
L....., ".
... . .
'2
Nouen ... ...... . .............
tnle,iii.. ..
Stmsburgtoßalrshares red
2:d 25 ... 236 25 ... 23'3 25 ... 236 25

BILUIAN u NDs—BaussuLd , 0cr.13.
Actual Debt 2'j per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per

an : ;• • iiiiion4, 4 pt.
ter' t;ent. ,

rty •2 ve&

. ,
ofz v. 1 ;ILI, per Cult. .. ... :3
:14 Cnvem,rec, 1 3
iiatik et Belgium, S per ;.7
?,lationa 13,:clety • '
Exchani; an Lont'oo, hot t)
Hrussels Papers, Oat. 13.
ALLiTill A N FUN US,--VIENNA. OcT.

r lye per Costs. Metalliqucs
Four per Cents.
Three p Cents.
Wale shares . ....... 1:;;.-4
....411gertekie Z ...,
eitung. Oct. 10. -;
. . _

The Queettig to hate Much' wished that
her accofielielheiittniklitiake place at Windsor ;
put the many inconveniences which would at 7
tend This arrangement forbid. it. Her Majesty
is said to hate perthissiou from her physicians to
remain here until Wednesday next, which it is
tholight .she will: do; in the Castle, however,
every day next weekisi spoken of as the day of
her departure. fortown.

MONEY- and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
THURSDAY EVENING.
There was some Weakness again in the English
Market, but it lasted only for a short time: Money
being very scarce was the chief cause of this, for, after
all, the American news by the Havre packet adds very
little to our previous- inforMation. Consuls for imme-
diate transfer realised 878 to 881, and for Account 888
to 1. Exchequer Bills were lls. to 13s. premium, and
India Bonds ls. premium. Bank Stock ranged from 164
to 165 ; the New Three-and-a-Half per Cents. brought
98 to 971; and the Three per Cent. Annuities 867 to 871.
The news from Madrid is still considered favourable
to Espartertia ascendancy. Active Spanish Bonds
touched 201, and closed at 20i ; and Portuemese New
Five per Cents. ranged from 304- to 298 ; the Three per
Cents. were at 181. The agents for the Mexican Re-
public have issued a notice, to the effect that the amount
of -the dividend certificates paid in Mexico, forms nearly
a provision for the next dividends. The Bonds here are
steady at 241 to 1 ; Colombian Stock is dull at 19 to
19+ ; and Brazilian at 551 to 54. Russian Bonds are
1121 ; and Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents: 51 to 511.
In Shares there was a trifling decline as respects
Brighton, but Great Western were better, .and the
others steady. Brighton declineetWAO,t discount,
.and
closed only at 10 discount. '" GretiOtekern were 10 to
101 premium ; the New 4 prerniiiitt'V 'and the. South
Western 121 premium. Croydon 'Share's. were 1, and
North Midland 34 discount. British North American
Bank Shares were 6 dis Count, and London Joint Stock
21 premium.
The Foreign Exchanges had a slight tendency to ad-
vance again, but • bills on all places were fully as high.
Paris, 25f. 721 c. t0•75c.-; Amsterdam, 12 41 to 5 ; Ant-
werp, 12 31 to 4 ; Hamburgh,•l3 101 to 111 ; Frank-
fort,l49B to 1 ; and Trieste, 9 54 to 55.
(From The Sun of Last Night.)
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, OCT. 14.—The sales
of cotton to-day, comprised 5,000 bales of all kinds.
Exporters have been wholly inactive, and speculators
have taken 400 bags. There is no change in prices.
LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, OCT. 14.—Grand Junc-
tion, Half Shares, 961 ; London and Birmingham, 321.
Shares, 521; Ditto New Shares, 23 ; Midland Counties,
New 14
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE' OCT. 14.—We have
no improvement to note in our Market ; the sales are—
Midland Counties, 70 ; Ditto, Quarter Shares, 19+ ;
Sheffield and Manchester, 2.21 ; Manchester and Leeds,
Quarter Shares, 15s. prem. ; North Midland, Thirds, 9/.
There are no later arrivals to-day from any quarter.
All parties are now looking forward with great
anxiety for the arrival of the Caledonia steam-ship with
the news from the United States. Should she not have
been detained at Boston we may expect to hear of her
in the course of the day.
The English and Foreign Securities are gradually
recovering, and the market has a much firmer appear-
ance. Consols are now 8881 for Money, and 881 1
for Account ; Exchequer Bills, 11 13 premium, which
is an advance upon yesterday's prices. _ _

Spanish Actii'e Stock, Nrhich closed last night at 19321,
have advanced to 20* I. Portuguese Five per Cents.
are 291 301 ; Ditto Three per Cents., 183.
Consols have been since the opening quoted at 87* for
Money, btu; have since recovered to 88*, and for the
Account they are 88it 3 ; Exchequer Bills, 1 ls. 13s. ;
Three per Cents. Reduced, 86i ; Three-and-a-Half
ditto, 96',1T 3 ; Bank Stock, 1643 165 ; India Bonds,
ls. prem.
There is but little business doing in theForeiom Seen-
rides, the brokers being busily engaged in making np
their account..

One defaulter has been declared, but we understand it
is not to a heavy amount.
_ _ _ _

. -
Consols, 88* ; ditto November, 88k ; Mexican, 24+ 4 ;
Spanish, 201 f.
The Share Market remains flat, with but little business
)ing,
and Brighton, 39i ; Great North of England, 63.
No intelligence of the Caledonia steam-ship.
The accounts from Belgium show that the Govern-
ment there is not insensible to the importance of at-
tending to the distresses where they exist, or to the ap-
plications for inquiry when made by its manufacturing
interests, a Commission having been appointed to inquire
into the state of the Linen trade, so important to Bel-
gium, and the result of its labours being the publication
of a Report containing 1,000 pages quarto, in which
some admirable suggestions are said to be contained for
the amelioration of the evils complained of.