The Sun.
London, England, 1847-05-10 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MAY 10, 1847.

IRISH LANDLORDS.

(From the Times.)
We might in vain search the annals of the most corrarted
ariomerseii, for a more revolting outrage on public opiniot
auu common humanity than'the present conduct of the Irish
pa; ty in the House of Louis. Never was there a more awful
calamity; never were the sores of a nation so exposed, and
the previous neglects of its rulers so demonstrated; never
.was a crisis met by a people at large .with such lavish gene-
rosity, and at so great a sacrifice; and yet, in the midst of
all these apalling events and touching circumstances, never
did the class immediately to blame exhibit itself so utterly
impenitent, shameless, and hardened in selfishness and wrong.
England itself bleeds at every pore that it may stanch the
the wounds of Ireland. At a word from the Minister, it
surrenders thrift, and resigns prosperity ; it retraces the dark
path of debt, and girds itself for the hardships of economy
and the drudgery of repayment. After being amused for
years with dreams of this or that tax reduced or abo-
lished, at once a whole people, forgetting both hope and
complaint, resigns itself to ,a hide-bound commerce, to
straitened and precarious ernployment, and to a daily
increasing want of the comforts and necessaries of
life. The working population of this country is dividing its
last loaf with Ireland. Meanwhile the faction of landlords is
wholly occupied in plotting, in canvassing, in seducing, in
corrupting the younger, the less wise, or the less respectable
of the hereditary Legislature, in order to fight its battle inch•
by inch against the obligations of humanity. Such are the
splendid lights, and such the black shade of the picture.
Owing to peculiar circumstances to which these proceedings
cannot fail to draw the attention of the country, a mere
handful of men are able to offer a serious obstruction to the
measures demanded alike by the desperate necessity of Ire-
land and the unanimous sentiment of this country. In a
House consisting of about 440 Peers, a most miscellaneous
body of 73, some of whom are new to legislation, others un-
known to fame, and others unfortunately known too well, are
able to speak not only for the whole house of which they
constitute so miserable a fraction, but, thus far, for all three
branches of the Legislature. It seriously concerns all
that portion of the House which chooses to put it-
self in abeyance at this crisis, that they do not give
a new demonstration of their uselessaes,s to a people
and an age already sufficiently zealous of prescriptive pri-
vilege and authority. Power that is not exercised is not
long retained, and effete senates are seldom renewed. The
credit of the Upper liouse has been too frequently and too
recently shaken to be carelessly tampered with. The great
territorial potentates of England, willingly or unwillingly,
observe in this island the laws of humanity, and are accord-
ingly honoured and loved. Why should they be involved in
the Irish quarrel with the whole human race? Why should
the House of Lords be absorbed in the Irish party, and seem
to stand out, with regard to that island, for an immunity
which they consider disgraceful and criminal in this? A
vast part of the English population must soon be in that un-
happy state which always has and always will express itself
in political discontent. Dearth of food and want of employ-
ment broke up the old Tory party, carried the Reform 13..11,
and•the other changes in its train, and still more recently
originated the League against the corn laws. While we
write there are already near fifty thousand men, women, and
child,en out of work in Lancashire, and living on their
means. The dearth, which still increases, and to which no

living man with sense enough to be worth a moment's atten-
tion will dare to prophecy a limit, besides its immediate
effect on the store of the labourer and the artisan, reduces
the demand for manufactures, and must eventually shut np
the mills. Starving millions will then ask why food is dear,
why taxation continues to press so heavily on the comforts
and the commerce of the country, why their larders are
empty, and why their mills are closed. It will be answered
that England is still forced to send annual millions to Ire-
land, to maintain those whom the local proprietors will not
maintain ; that when the whole people and two branches
of the Legislature were anxious to make property
do its duty, and a moderately effective measure
was passed by the Commons, the Lords, by compliance, or no
less shameful default, allowed a few Irish landowners, who
did not disguise their utter hostility to the Bill, to damage,
to mutilate, and entangle it till it became absolutely inope-
rative; that, as the Bill now stands, the rates cannot be col-
lected, the poor are driven into towns, where they accumu-
late into such hideous and gigantic masses as to exhaust the
local resources, and fall back on the national charity; that,
in effect, the working men of this country must continue to
maintain all the ppverty of Ireland, and for all their lives
and the lives of their children there is no other prospect.
Thus the Irish proprietors and thus the House of Lords have
decreed it; and that decree cannot be changed. What sort of
answer will this be to a starving population? It may be as
well to recapitulate the successive steps of mutilation de-
vised by the landowners. The first was to reduce all the
clauses relating to the relief of the ablebodied poor from a
permanent to a temporary measure of very brief duration.
The second was to confine the whole of the rating to the nar-
row limits of the electoral division, and thus to enable land-
owners commanding such divisions to drive out all their
poor of all descriptions into towns, the rates of which
being insufficient for their maintenance, they must
speedily perish or become a burden on the British public.
The value of this alteration, in the landlord's eyes, will ap-
pear from the fact that the 150,000 poor creatures recently
cast upon Liverpool had all been immediately before ejected
by the landlords, and driven upon the towns, which, in their
turn, passed on to our shores the current of misery. The
third step is that which is to be moved, and doubtless carried,
by Lord Stanley this evening. Its object is to secure for the
landowner a perfect immunity from rating, and leave that
disagreeable burden to a class which, in Ireland, is notoriously
neither willing nor able to endure it. It will prevent a poor-
rate from offering any interruption to the old order of things
so painfully familiar to all who know anything of Ireland.
The wretched cotta-s will still bid for lafid ; the landlord will
still get extravagant rents; the tenan's will pay their rent
with tolerable punctuality, in orde* to keep their land,—but
they will refuse to pay their rate, even if their exorbitant
rents should leave it in their power; if the rate is enforced,
they will combine and offer a successful resistance. The rate
will not be collected. The poor will be left to perish. The
British public will have to pay, and the landlord, as usual,
escape scot free. Such is the game. Lord Stanley. who
has never omitted any opportunity of parading his contempt
for the great industrial interests of this country, and his de-
sire to increase their burdens beyond their utmost powers
of endurance, is very properly selected for a motion which
has the inevitable consequence of transferring the whole
poor- rate of Ireland from the Irish landlord, and the Irish
tenant also, to the industrious taxpayer of this country. It
is mere waste of words to address an appeal to the national
pride
of men who are at this moment wilfully leaving the
peasantry born on their estates to perish in masses, and
whose thought at such a calamity is how they way_ secure
its continual recurrence. But we do appeal to thb House of
Lords—we do appeal with confidence to the present House
of Commons, and still more to the constituency, which will
soon have to elect its successor. The honour of England, the
glory of the British name, is deeply compromised by what is
now passing. Ireland, the sister of England, her ancient
conquest, and still too much her dependent, is now begging
and receiving the alms of the whole earth. No distance,
no difference of race or religion, prevents the intrusion
of her claims, and, it is fair to add, their ready
admission. But can we feel unmixed satisfaction in
hearing that our rivals and our calumniators,
in whose
mouths Ireland has ever been the worst opprobrium
their jealousy, their malice, or their ia-noranee could suggest,
are now bestowing their charity on
our unfortunate fellow-
subjects? From all parts of the United States have come
subscriptions mixed with a sympathy neither flattering nor
safe to this nation. At Constantinople there has been a sub-
scription, to•which the
Pope has ordered pray
the churches acknowledging Ireland in all
Sultan has largely contributed. The
prefers and coll:ctions for
and West Indies we can better receive such expressions of
his authority. From the East
interest; but we cannot honestly ro fess unqualified plea-
sure at hearing that Marseilles hadp
subscribed more for Ire-
land than for the sufferers by the inundations in France.
Now, there is not the smallest occasion for these world-wide
appeals. Ireland is as well able to help herself as France or
any other country.
Nay, there are parts of France and
Belgium probably still
poorer. The only difficulty arises
from the inhumanity of the landowners. The whole earth
is doing duty for them. Meanwhile, however, England—
that England which is
Paying 10,C30 wholeooo/. for the relief of
Ireland, figures nevertheless be:ore the earth, partly as
a tyrant, and partly as a beggar. Simple foreigners conclude
they are supplying our omission. So, howevei, it must con-
tinue to be. As long as we weakly suffer the Irish proprie-
tors to be inhuman, we must share the odium of their inhu-
manity. It is the usual fate of weakness to be mistaken for
the wickedness it permits.

THE LATE DAGENHAM MURDER
ILFORD, SATURDAY EVENDiG.—It having been rumoured
that Ki,mpton, one of the constables who, it will be recol-
lected, gave false testimony before C.C. Lewis, Esq., coroner
for Essex, at an inquest on the body of G. Clarke, the
police constable of the K division, who was so brutally mur-
dered at Dagenham, in the month of June last, would be
brought before the magistrates at the' Angel Inn, Ilford, for
the purpose of being admitted to bail, the room in which the
sessions are held was crowded by the respectable inhabitants
of the neighbourhood, for the purpose of hearing the pro-
ceedings.

At the last assizes for the county of Essex a true bill was
found against Sergeant Paraons and Constables Kimpton
and Hickton, for conspiracy and perjury. The only one who
appeared was Kimpton, and on the conclusion of the assizes,
nut being prepared with sureties, he was committed to Ilford
Gaol 'anti( the summer assizes. During the past week an
Application was made to Mr. Maule, the solicitor of the Trea-
sury, to allow bail to be put in. Mr. Blaule expressed his
readiness to advise Government to receive bail, provided the
sureties offered were good.
In consequence of this, Thomas Kimpton was placed at the
bar. He appeared very pale and emaciated, his imprison-
ment having bad considerable effect upon a once robust frame.
His bail also took their places by his side.
Mr. George Thorpe, of Cambridge-road, Mile-end, builder,
and Mr. John Kimpton, of Finctilev, harness-maker, entered
into the required securities, and Police-constable Kimpton
was liberated, the recognizances being that he shall appear
at the next assizes to take his trial.

With reference to the murdered man, the inhabitants of
Dagenham, assisted by the constables of the K division, have
entered into a subscription for the purpose of placing a mo-
nument to his remains in Dagenham Churchyard. The
mother of Clarke has recently visited the town, and has de-
tailed the particulars of a dream which she had. In re-
counting the dream she states that she was sitting on her
son's grave when it opened, and she sawhim lying in his
coffin. She asked him who had done it, and he replied a
person who is not in custody. This
.by the lovers of the won-
derful is looked upon as proof positive, and that party is
now as freely made the murderer as 1 ersons was a short
time since.

EXTRAORDINARY ESCAPE.-011 Friday night, about
gaff-past nine o'clock, as a four-oared cutter and a light
wager boat were coming down the river on the Surrey side,
below Battersea-bridge, the cutter being inshore, the)• sud-
denly observed a steamer right ahead of them. As was
dark, the rowers lustily hailed the steamer, when about 000
yards in advance, but unfortunately the captain of the
steamer only saw the cutter, and in turning out into the
middle of the channel to give it room ran right into the
wager-boat, which it cut clean in half, taking the seat trans-
versely. Mr. Clifford, who wasrowing the wager-boat,
seeing the impossibility of clearing the steamer, though an
, expert rower, had the presence of mind to jump from the
boat just before the steamer had struck her, and dive com-
pletely under it, receiving only a slight blow from the paddle.
wheel as the vessel passed over him. When he rose to the
surface he swam to the cutter, from which he was put on
board the steamer almost unhurt. But for this sudden and
desperate alternative, nothing could have saved him, as the
boat was con,pletely divided at the seat, and the two halves
taken to the British Flag Tavern, Battersea, opposite which
the accident occurred.
F
DESTROYING BROODS OF PH.—s 4. —abur,a ay, at the
Richmond petty sessions, John Chamberlains and William
Chamberlaine, jun., fishermen, at Twickenham,were charged
with unlawfully destroying a brood of fish. From the evi-
deuce of Thomas Webb, an assistant water-bailiff, it appeared
that on the 29th ult. he saw the defendants dragging the
engine produced along the shore of the river Thames, at
Ham, in Surrey. It was not a net, but made of canvass and
baize, and was used to catch small fish to sell as live bait,
and was a wholesale destruction of the broods of fish. The
defendants were fined Ws. each.

LOAN DISCOUNT SCHEME.

(From the Times City Article.)
I The nature of the results which the Chancellor of ti.e
Exchequer may contemplate in his proposal to allow a rate
of discount (originally refused) for prompt payment of the
instalments of 8,000,0001. seems quite beyond comprehension.
On the payment of the last dividends the balances of the
Exchequer being inadequate, Government found themselves
compelled to borrow of the Bank on deficiency bills. The
necessity for this advance to Government limited to a pro-
portionate degree the power of the Bank to advance upon
discounts (because the Bank had indiscreetly suffered its re-
serve to fall so low that it was impossible for it to accord
even a temporary assistance without calling its resources
from other quarters), and hence arose an amount of pressure
and inconvenience in the discount market, which, on ac-
count of its suddenness, was a cause of general reproach.
Moved by this cause, and almost as if fancying that the re-
proach is in some measure levelled at the Government
(although timely notice had been given that the advance
would be required, and it was the business of the Bank to
have prepared for it), it would seem that the Chancellor has
now an idea in his mind of attempting to prevent the possi-
bility of a recurrence of such circumstances; but if this
really be his object, it is plain that his new proposition,
while it involves a considerable expense to the country, will
not carry him a single step towards its attainment. He pro-
poses by the payment of a heavy rate of interest (for the rate
must be heavy to cause the contemplated payments to be
made in advance) to put himself in possession of funds which
he is not likely to want for some time, in order Co insure
that when the period arrives at which he will need them
he may be independent of the Bank, and that no with-
drawal shall be requisite from that establishment
such as to render necessary another violent contraction
of its ordinary accommodation to the public. But the ques-
tion is, what does he intend to do with these funds pending
the time when he will require them ? It is not to be as-
sumed that he will lock them up in a strong box in imita-
tion of the American sub-treasury plan, which would be
simply creating a pressure new by withdrawing the money
at once from the market in, order that he should not have to
create the pressure in. July, and we must, therefore, infer,
that it will find its way to the Bank, there to swell the
" public deposits," and to be used according to the discretion
of the directors. Of course the use they will make of it will
be to lend it to the public, and it will be upon the discretion
with which these loans may take place, that the simple
question of whether a sudden contraction may not again be ren-
dered necesssary will wholly depend. Under present circum-
stances, therefore, bid banking may effect just the same results
next July as were effected by bad banking last April. All that
the present operation can do will be to cause a withdrawal
from the banking balances of private individuals to increase
the banking balances of the Government—in either case they
are alike liable to find their way to the public in the shape
of discounts or of advances, and also to be withdrawn from
that mode of employment when the wants of the Government
render a call for them necessary, so that the real result of the
affair is that the country will pay some five or six per cent.
for a month or two for funds which it does not require in
order that these funds (which must be withdrawn from pri-
vate bankers and other parties) may be deposited in the
Bank of England fcr that establishment to employ them for
its own especial profit. Whether the general circumstances
which have recently occurred have been such as to render
the public desirous of thus liberally contributing at this time
of pressure to the future dividends of the proprietors of Bank
Stock is a question that seems not to have been considered.
(From the Chronicle City Article.)
The statement made by the Chancellor of the Exchequer
last night has had a very depressing effect on all classes of
public securities, except Exchequer-bills. This depression
has, no doubt, arisen from the fact that in the course of
yesterday, and even on Thursday, rumours, stated to be
"on the best authority," prevailed in the City, that the Right
Hon. Baronet would make a statement which would be
calculated very much to allay all further apprehension, and
to make money much easier. These statements produced an
exaggerated expectation of what the Government was
likely to propose, and transactions were entered into in con-
sequence of them. It now appears evident that the state-
ment of the Chancellor, although calculated to allay anxiety
with respect to the Government finances, has no such direct

tendency on any other interest. It has indeed been said
to-day, that the object of the Chancellor in offering
a discount upon the instalments of the loan has it in
view to induce larger sums of money to be paid
into the Bank on account of the Government, in order
that they may have more which they agai❑ can advance
to the public. It is, however, difficult to see bow any such
effect could be produced. If the Bank receive more notes in
payment of these instalments at an earlier period, and so in-
crease their reserve, as it is stated, then the quantity of notes
held by other bankers must be correspondingly diminished.
Indeed, the probability is, that no notes whatever would pass
in such a payment, but that the payments would be made
either by a cheque upon themselves, or by notes drawn out
of the private deposits. At best, then, such an anticipation
of a payment could only be an earlier transfer of the money
in all probability, from the " private deposits" to the
" public deposits." The only object which we believe tho
Clianceller has in view is, to secure an early payment of
these instalments, in order to place him in as good a position
as possible for the payment of the July dividends, in order
that he may not be nependent upon the Bank for so large
a portion of the means to discharge as he otherwise would be.
This is an intelligible reason ; and if such an effect is pro-
duced, and the Chancellor is relieved of the necessity of
issuing " deficiency bills" at that time, or at least only for
a small amount, the Bank directors would no doubt in the
meantime feel more at liberty in giving accommodation to
the public.

(From the Post City Article.)
The proposition of the Chancellor of the Exchequer to
allow a certain advantage in the shape of discount to scrip-
holders for anticipated payments of the instalments of the
8,000,0001. Irish loan, as a means of recruiting his coffers,
has, it will be seen by the quotations, done nothing
for the stock market. The hands of Government may be a
little strengthened by such payments, and, indirectly, those
of the Bank directors also; but they cannot, viewed ab-
stractedly, add to the general supply of money. The value
of stock was in some measure affected by the apprehension
of such further disturbance as might be created by a sudden
dissolution of Parliament, an event to which the result of the
Irish Poor•law Bill debate, as foreseen from the discussion
on that question now in progress in the Upper House, seems
to be tending. The advance of the rate of interest on Ex-
chequer-bills to 3d. per diem is unfavourable to stock, Consols,
at the price of 86, yielding only 31. 9s. 9d. per annum, against
4/. Hs. 3d.

(From the Herald City Article.)
The comparative view of the Bank returns for the week
ending on the Ist instant justifies the course adopted by
the Chancellor of the Exchequer last night, as far as the
Government finances are concerned. As we expected and
announced, the Ministers have taken their stand on main-
taining the present banking and currency laws in their in-
tegrity; and, therefore, under existing circumstances, it has
become imperative on the Government to require no ad-
vances from the Bank at the end of the quarter. It only re-
quires a glance at the state of the reserve to see that the
Bank has not the means of making any advance whatever
but by reducing her securities, which, in other words, means
that it can only be done at the expense of restricting the ac-
commodation to the trade of the country. The Chancellor
must, therefore, hold out an inducement sufficient to com-
mand payments on the loan to a considerable amount in ad-
vance, but it is not very easy to determine, in the present
state of the market, what amount of discount will be suffi-
cient. The more the measures adopted by the Bank Directors to
make advances on Exchequer-bills is considered in all its
bearings, the more is the wisdom of the course called in
question, on the assumption that in proportion to the amount
lent it shackles the directors from accommodating trade to
support the Government stock. The reasoning on this sub-
ject is, we think, clear and conclusive. Whilst the British
Stocks continue the highest in Europe, it is not likely that
the Russian Government or any other persons able to make
investments, will select them for the purpose, and yet above
all other modes that is the most desirable for us to liquidate
the foreign balances against the country.
We have received the following case and opinion from a
respectable solicitor in town, involving a question of perma-
nent interest, at the present moment, to an immense amount
of trust and other property. The cases cited appear to be
conclusive, and it is self-evident that if the funds locked up
in stock can be so rendered available, it would afford a vast
relief to the money market, and at the same time greatly
increase the income of trust property.
"COPY OF A CASE AND OPINION.
" CASE,

" A B agrees to lend C D 2,0001. Consols, upon the se-
curity of two leasehold houses. The said C D to re-transfer
on a particular day the said 2,000/. Consols at whatever price
they may be, and in the meantime to pay or the several
dividend days, July and January, the rate of 5 per cent. on
the Consols, instead of 3 per cent. (not on the value, but on
the gross amount). The dividend at the rate of 5 per cent.
to cease on the day the re-transfer takes place.
"Q. Whether such a transaction is legal or illegal, as re-
gards the usury laws?

" OPINION.

"The various authorities I have perused wherein a greater
interest than 5 per cent. has been allowed by the Court, turn
upon this point—that the capital lent was in danger of being
depreciated in value. In those cases where the capital was
certain, the Court invariably disallowed the amount of per-
centage over and above the legal interest, namely 5 per cent.
The abovo case appears to me to fall within those cases
where the Court has allowed more then 5 per cent. For let
u, suppose that A 13 were to lend C 1J 2,0001. Consols to-day
which are 87, to be re-transferred to A B on the sth of May,
1850. It is very probable that the Consols on the sth of
May, 1850, would be depreciated to 60, 50, or even lower.
A war with France would undoubtedly make them fall to a
very great depreciation ; and as such an. event, or other
equally great, might occur, A B's chance of recovering his
871. from C D is very precarious on the sth of May, 1850.
" The authorities confirming me in my opinion that the
above case (submilted to me) is perfectly legal, are the fol-
lowing :

"lastin v. Abdee,' 1 Shom er, p. B.—lt was agreed by the
Court that where there is
a hazard that the lender may
less than his principal, it is • have
no usury, although the interest
do exceed the allowed rates.
"`Tate v. Wellings ' 3 Term , Reports, p. 531.—0 n the de-
fendant applying to the testator (of whom the plaintiff was
executor) to advance the money, he
agreed
to lethim
it, but told him that be should expect the same interestle
'
which he received in the Short Annuities—namely, 8f per
cent.; and, which being
assented to, it was agreed that the
money should be raised by a sale of Short Annuities, to tlie
amount of 9121. 12s. 6d., which the defendant was to replace
in the same stock by the Ist September, 1785.
"Lord Kenyon.—A mere loan of stock is not usurious, nor
the payment of the dividends in the mean time, though they
exceed the legal rate of interest.
" Ashurst J.—ln giving the same opinion, added that the
lender ran the rick of the fall of the stocks.
"Buller J., said this has been assimilated to an action on
the Statute for Usury, but I think it is different. This is
not like the case cited from p. 508, Croke, James, where the
principal was, at all events, secure, for here the testator might
have been a loser, in the event of his stock,. rising after the
tirst yelr.
"Grose, J.—Declared himself of the same opinion.
" ' Pike v. Ledinell and Monprivat,' 5 Espinasse, 164.—
The defendant Monprivat, being desirous of advancing her
son, agreed to sell and dispose of 4001. stock to the plaintiff
for 1601. The said stock to be transferred when her son was
of age—namely, the 11th February, 1804. Lord Ellenbo-
rough said that ' contingency in the thing purchased was
incompatible with the idea of usury, in which the principal
must be always certain.'—Verdict for the plaintiff.
" Maddock v. Rumball,' 8 East, p. 304.—The defendant
was indebted to the plaintiff in 4861. 4s. 6d., for which he
was sued, and the plaintiff wishing to invest the amount of
the debt in stock on the 19th of November, 1803, when the
same would have purchased 908/. 16s. 7d. stock; in consi-
deration of forbearing his action and demand till the 19th of
November, 1804, takes a bond from the defendant, Condi-
tioned for the transfer by him to the plaintiff, on that day,
of 9081. 16s. 7d. stock, with such interest as the same would
have produced as such stock in the meantime.
All the Court agreed that this was not usury, as the
amount of the sum to be paid depended upon a contingency.
If the stocks had fallen in the meantime to 501., the plaintiE
,would have received less than his principal anlegal interest
would have amounted to. This was no more
lent, • usury than an
agreement to replace stock which, though once con-

tended to be usury if more than the principal and legal inte-
rest were thereby obtained, had teen long settled to be legal.
" GEORGri COCHRANE,
"Chancery-lane, May 5, 1847."

THE BOSJESMANS, OR BUSH
PEOPLE FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA.
These living types of a race, perhaps one of the lowest in
She scale of humanity, and now becoming rapidly extinct,
offer a subject of the greatest interest, alike to the man of
science, the studait in human physiology, and the'enrious,
as being the first living specimens of this singular variety of
the great human family—the Ishmaels of the African conti-
nent, who have been induced to visit the abodes of civilised
man ; and for descriptions of whom we have hitherto been
entirely dependent upon the testimony of the few travellers
who have visited their desolate and far off region. To the
student in phrenology, these Bush people offer an especially in-
teresting study, as affording strong corroborative evidence in
support of the now almost universally-admitted truths of that
science. The heads of this singular group, and a skull of one
of their fellows, in the possession of the gentleman who has
brought them to this country, exhibit almost as striking an
absence of the intellectual and higher faculties as is obser-
vable in the skull of that mockery of humanity, the baboon ;
while the preponderance of the animal is almost equally
great. There is, however. a marked superiority of phreno-
logical development in the mother of the child born on
their passage to this country over any of her compa-
nions, and she exhibits a much greater degree of intel-
ligence than either; while we learn from their guardian
that she is ,a most excellent mother, kind and affectionate
in her disposition, and exceedingly docile; the others,
on the contrary, being very self-willed and difficult
to manage. The kindness, however, with which they
have been treated since their arrival, does not by
any means appear to have been thrown away, as they
seem perfectly happy and contented, and on the receipt of
an orange or other trifle, exhibit the liveliest emotions of
gratitude, by kissing the hand of the donor, and manifesting
other unequivocal signs of pleasure. They were fairly in-
toxicated with delight on the two females being presented
with a necklace each, by one of the company present, com-
posed of round metal buttons, and a smaller one for the
child—the female exhibiting all that passionate love for
adornment which seems inherent in the breast of every
daughter of Eve, whether civilised or savage; and the males
scarcely less so, in the speechless admiration with which,
so decked, they appeared to regard their spouses. We
may mention that they are natives of the country bordering
the great Orange river, in the interior of Africa, 1,200 to
1,400 miles from Cape Town; and their supposed ages vary
between 30 and 50, the mother of the child being the oldest of
the group. They have picked up a few words of English
and Dutch ; but their intercourse with their guardian
is chiefly carried on by pantomimic signs. Their own
language appears to be singularly barren, exceedingly
harsh and unpleasant to the ear, and used with much ges-
ticulations. Its most remarkable feature is, that min-
gled with the articulate tones, and the gutturals and
nasals, are some inarticulate clicks or clucks, produced by
the tongue being struck against different parts of the mouth,
so as to produce an audibla sound not easily described on
paper, but varying in depth, with the part of the mouth from
which the tongue is struck. The stature of these people is
another peculiarity : the two couples are considered as of
two quite different tribes, though both speak the same lan-
guage ; but there is a striking difference in their stature. The
larger couple are about five feet three inches in height; the
smaller no more than four feet, and these suggest the idea of
the " pigmies" of the ancients. The strange mixture of the
Mongolian, Malay, and Negro in their characteristic form
land features is very striking; and while they seem but little
elevated in the chain of being above the baboon and the
chimpanzA, we learn that the tall and athletic Kafir flies
from one of these diminutive creatures with the greatest
terror,—for their want of physical strength is compenssted
by their skill in the use of poisoned arrows, a wound from
one of which is almost always mortal. These creatures are
continually smoking the wild hemp of their country—a plant
from which they also obtain the poisonous juice in which
they dip their arrows. They go through a sort of perform.
ante; all four dancing one of their national dances, which
somewhat resembles those of the North American Indians,
especially in its being conducted and regulated by a double
stroke of the hand, as a substitute for a tom-tom or drum.
The two men display their mode of stealing on their foes ;
and certainly it must be no pleasant thing to see a man
stealthily prowling in your neighbourhood with a poisoned
arrow fitted to the string—waiting only till you give him an
opportunity of stealing upon you unperceived, to send the
death-shalt on its flight. As a variety of the race of man
never before seen in England, we recommend a visit to these
Bush people.—Manchester Guardian.
[We perceive by an advertisement, that Dr. Knox, F.R.S.E.,
delivers a lecture on the Bosjesman, on Monday evening
next, at Exeter Hall, at which the above described singular '
race will be introduced.—En. Sun.]

THE TRIP TO BIRMINGHAM IN

TWO HOURS.
We learn, upon further inquiry into the particulars of
the stated trip from Euston-quare to Birmingham, with
a train of about 35 tons, in two hours, exclusive of the
loss of time when the train was in a state of rest during
five stoppages, that the accuracy of the performance, as
published, is strongly affirmed by those who, it is pre-
sumed, are in possession of the official notes of the
working of the engines. At the same time that this is
affirmed, the strict accuracy of our analysis of the per
formance is not called in question. We pointed out that
to accomplish 1121 miles in two hours " travelling
time," the average running speed over the greater
part of the journey must have been 66 •miles per
hour, and that over other considerable portions
of it the average running speed must have
respectively been upwards of 70 and 80 miles per
hour. This is not denied. A great commercial as well
as a great corporate question is involved in the accuracy
of this stated performance of the narrow-gauge engines.
The question is importatant, not merely to the broad and
narrow gauge parties, but to the public, whose interests
may, through proctedings now pending before Com-
mittees of the Commons, be seriously affected by the
establishment of the correctness or incorrectness of the
statement alluded to.

If the narrow-gauge engines can take even light pas-
senger trains at an average running velocity of sixty-six
miles per hour over the entire gradients of the London
and North-Western line, we must perforce admit that
the broad-gauge engines with their assumed advantages,
will have to hide their diminished heads; but we are of
opinion that some serious error, some, at present, unac-
countable mistake, has been made by the gentlemen who
noted the workings of the engines; that either they or
we labour under a strange delusion. In short, we be-
lieve that the engines in question did not, and can.
not do what they are stated to have performed;
and that, instead of their maximum speed having been
eighty-four miles per hour, it was some twenty miles
below that figure. But if the engines did perform this
alleged extraordinary working, they can, of course, do it
again. We repeat that it is most important to the Lon-
don and North.-Western Company that the accuracy of
this alleged working of the narrow gauge engines should
be made manifest to the world. The establishment of it
would be a giant's strength to them in support of several
of the Bills they are now promoting in Parliament. That
company have, therefore, a direct and vital interest in
setting the question at rest; let them, then, run another,
special train between London and Birmingham. We
shall be happy to send a gentleman from this establish-
ment to take the workings of the engines, and to give
the particulars fully and faithfully. We have always
believed, and still believe, that the broad gauge is supe-
rior in speed and power to the narrow gauge, and we
have given numerous facts in support of our opinion;
but we should, under all the circumstances, and consider-
ing how much uniformity would simplify the railway
system of this country, be exceedingly gratified—al-
though our own predictions would be sadly shaken there-
by—to have it in our power to state that the narrow
gauge is equal to the stated extraordinary performance
which is at present attracting, or rather distracting, the
attention of the railway world.—Herald.

Lord Brougham has kindly consented to take the
chair at the second annual meeting of the Lamb and Flag
Ragged Schools, on Wednesday, the 19th May, at six o'clock
precisely. The meeting will be held in the large parochial
school-room, Amwell-street, Pentonville.
PRESENTATION OF A REWARD ON BOARD lIER
MAJESTY'S Star Vicrouir.—A short time since George
Veary, an old sailor and a pensioner on board the Victory,
gallantly jumped overboard and saved a boy from drowning.
The committee of the Royal Humane Society, in considera-
tion of the age of Veary, departod from their rule which re-
stricts pecuniary rewards to London and the environs, and
voted him a medal and 21. The following interesting letter
from Captain Pasco, RN., describes what took place on the
presentation :—(Copy.) " Her Majesty's ship , Victory,
Portsmouth, May 4, 1847. Sir—On Sunday last I per-
formed a most pleasing duty, by presenting the medallion
and a pecuniary reward of 21. to George Veary, A.B. of this
ship, before the assembled crew and the boy whose life he
s 'Ned ; and George Veary expressed his thanks very warmly
for the distinguished honour done him by the committee
stepping aside from the usual practice. I have the honour
to be, Sir, your most obedient (Signed) John Pasco R.N.
To the Secretary of the Royal Humane Society."
[ADVERTISEMENT.3—The Registered Paletot of
Llama cloth, the most tashionable coat for both the present
and approaching seasons, still retains the same moderate
price, which, with its usefulness and gentlemanly appear-
ance, has secured such general popularity. It has been made
by special command for their Royal Highnesses Prince
Albert, Prince George of Cambridge, Prince Edward of Saxe
Weimar, his Grace the Duke of Wellington, and the several
royal visitors to the British Court. In London it can only
be purchased of the peentees, E. J. and D. Nicoll, Court
tailors, 114, Regent-street, and 22, Coruhill. Agents for
Liverpool, Dawbarn and Son, 80ld-street; for Dublin, Geo.
Macdona, Molesworth street; for Birmingham, Wareing and
Son, New-street; for Edinburgh, Christie and Son, George-
street; and the principal tailors in other large towns.
AN ECCENTRIC CLERGTMAN.—The Cincinnati Ad-
vertis,r tells a story of an eccentric clergyman, who, not
being a very animated and interesting preacher, was often de-
serted by his flock, at least by parts of them, on the Sabbath.
The old gentleman finally adopted rather a novel method of
keeping the delinquents up to the point of duty. When any
family was absent two or three Sabbaths in succession, INlr.
S. would publicly state to the congregation, that as
in Ilr.
—'s family had been for some time absent from public
worship, he presumed there was sickness or trouble their
household, and would appoint a prayer meeting in their
house on the next Tuesday afternoon. The old gentleman,
on one occasion, also, caught the wanderers by the following
piece of "guile." On one Sabbath afternoon he told his
people that he should take a short journey the next day, and
be absent for a short time; but he would take care that some
person should come from Boston and supply his desk the
next Sabbath. On the next Sabbath morning the meeting-
house was filled. The whole town turned out to see the
Boston minister. They waited awhile in eager expectation
of entrance, when in marched the RTv. lilt. S , and
walked up the broad aisle as he had been accustomed to do
many years gone by. On ascending the pulpit he smiled
graciously upon his large audience, and said, "I am glad
my dear brethren, that I have you out.
You are all here, as
you ought to be, and I hope your minds ate prepared to receive
instruction. ' I came from Boston yesterday myself."
THE ARMY.—Lieutenant C
e T' Proby has been re-
stored to his commission in the 431 Foot. It will be recol-
lected that this officer absented him self some months since
from his corps for the purpose of visiting a sick brother at
Rome, and in consequence of which his commission was
cancelled. • The Commander-in-Chief has, however, taken a
favourable view of the case, and Lieutenant Proby has been
permitted to return to his duty. It need scarcely be added,
that the punishment for absence without leave is usually a
heavy one.

The Admiralty have given notice to all the depart-
ments under them, that her Majesty's birth-day is to be kept
on the 27th inst., when the usual holiday will be granted.

I THE JOB- AND POST MASTERS'
(OF ENGLAND) PR3VIDENT FUND.
The fourth anniversary dinner of the above institution
took place oa Friday at the London Tavern, Bishops-
gate-street. Sir Richard W. Balkeley, Bart., M.P.,
presided on the occasion. „ -
The chair was supported by several noblemen and
I other distinguished members of the turf. Among the
company present we observed Earl Strathmore, the Earl
of March, Lord Somerton, Lord G. Lennox, Sir J.
Trol lope,' Bart., M.P., Hon. P. J. Pierrepout, Admiral
Collier, Colonel Knox, Count Batthyany, Rev. 3. Svden-
ham, B. Memo, Ecq., Methalfe, E,q., G. Wood:Esq.,
Mr. Gullan, &c. &c.
Upon the cloth being removed, the " Non nobis" was
swig by Messrs. Ransford, F. Smith, Binge, Genge, and
Taylor.
The Healths of the Queen and the • Queen Dowager,
given by the CHAIRMAN, were responded to in the usual
loyal and national style.
In proposing the health of his Royal Highness Prince
Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the rest of the Royal
Family, the CHAIRMAN took occasion to remark that
a hatever might be the nature of the education to be
bestowed upon his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales,
care should be taken to train him in that which would
not in the least detract from the dignity of his position,
but add to the estimation in which he would be held by
the people of England, viz., that he should be a good
horseman.
The toast was responded to in the most enthusiastic
manner.

The next toast was that of " Prosperity to the Fund."
The CHAIRMAN, in proposing that toast, said that
there was perhaps no country in the world where the
extremes of affluence and destitution were to be found
in such close proximity as in this country. Such a state
of things was inseparable from a great commercial coun-
try, where great enterprise was always going on, and,
consequent upon that, great risks and ruinous losses. To
provide against the evils of such a state of things, numerous
charitable institutions had arisen—such as schools for
the instruction of youth, and asylums as places of re-
fuge for age and destitution. The present institution
was founded with such benevolent intentions, and per-
haps in no calling or profession in the world were there
more risks attending its pursuit, than that to guard
against which this society had been founded.—(Hear.)
Who was there present in that-room, who was not made
fully aware of the uncertainty in the value of that noble
animal—the horse?—(Hear, hear.) The Noble Lords
upon his right and upon his left had had disappointments
again and again upon the " turf."-,-(Cheers.) Why, the
first favourite at the Derby this year, may kick out the
front pannel of a cab next year.—(Laughter and cheers.)
Not all the judgment which they could bring to their
calling, and noz. all the cunning with which those who
dealt in horses had the reputation of possessing—
(Laughter)—could bring that calling out of the general
rule which governed other commercial enterprises.—
(Cheers.) He was happy to see that, during the six years
this society had been in existence, that it had received
so much encouragement. The funds at present invested
in the name of the society amounted to 6,4011, and its
membeis numbered 222.—(Cheers.) He hoped that those
present would not relax their exertions in behalf of the
good cause. He gave, then, with the greatest pleasure,
" Prosperity to the fund."
Sir J. TROLLOPE proposed the next toast, which was
" The Hon. Sydney Pierrepont, the founder of the fund,"
and in doing so passed a high eulogium on the character
of that gentleman, and spoke in high terms of the ser-
vices he had rendered to the " good cause," since the
time of its foundation ; his own private subscriptions to
the fund had amounted to 500 guineas.—(Cheers.)
The Hon. S. P. PIERREPONT returned thanks in a brief
and appropriate style, and proposed the next toast,
which was, " Our Noble President, his Grace the Duke
of Richmond."
The Earl of MARCH, in returning thanks, said he was
requested by his father to state that, bad it not been for
the debate on the Irish Poor-law in the House of Lords
having been adjourned till that night, he would most
certainly have been present, and much regretted his in-
ability to attend. He could assure the company that his
father esteemed it both a pride and an honour to be the
president of the society, and felt a deep interest in the
success of the fun('.
BRISE PEARSE, Esq., proposed the next toast, " The
Vice•presidents, Patrons, and Benefactors to the fund."
The Earl of Manca gave the next toast, " Mr. Tat-
tersal (the treasurer), the Directors, and Officers of the
institution."
The remaining toasts were, "Mr T. Clark, th
secretary to the fund," proposed by the Chairman; " The
Chairman, Sir Richard Bulkeley, Bart..;" " The Stewards
of the day;" " blis Royal Highness the Duke of Cam-
bridge, the Chairman elect;" "The Ladies." The com-
pany separated at a late hour,
Among a list of subscription!, announced in the even-
ing, amounting to a total of between 500/. and 600/., we
noticed the following:—The Earl of March, 51; Earl
Chesterfield, 201; Baron Rothschild, 101. lOs ; Sir R.
W. Bulkeley, 211.; Rd. Tattersall, Si. ss.,second. dona-
tion; Sir J. Trollope, Bart., 51., third donation; Lord
Strathmore, 101 10s. ; F. Salmon, Esq., 21.25. ; T. Gullar,
Esq., 51. 5s.;C. Paris, Si.; Count Batth3 any, 51.55., second
donation ; Brise Pearse, 51 55., second donation; J.
Fielding, 51.55.;. Robert Boyle, 21. 25.; S: W. Metcalfe,
51.; George Wood, 21.; Mr. Allen, 101. 10s.
The musical arrangements were under the direction
of Mr. Moody, and he, with the assistance of his able
colleagues, Messrs. Ransford, Genge, Binge, Taylor,
and F. Smith, aided in no small degree in keeping up
the interest of the occasion.
The dinner was served up in excellent style, and the
whole of the arrangements were such as to afford the
fullest satisfaction to the numerous company present
(amounting to upwards of 300), and to reflect the
highest credit upon the judicious arrangements of Messrs.
Bathe and Bache.

THE IRISH POOR-LAW.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
Sir,--I think it my duty, at this critical moment, as
an Irish landed proprietor, to return you my thanks for
your able advocacy of the Irish Poor law Bill, and the
view you take of the condition of my wretched country.
I do so now, as it appears that a majority in the Lords
(about one half of whom are Irish landed proprietors)
are bent on defeating that most beneficial absentee-tar,
fnr it is that, and nothing else, the only absentee-tax we
can obtain, and an absentee tax of the best kind.
Twenty two years ago I introduced into Parliament as
Bill for the relief of the destitute poor of Ireland, and
for twenty-six years I have possessed a tolerable pro-
perty in that country, and have ever supported my
tenants. I can, therefore, safely and positively assert,
from my own experience, that by compelling all land-
lords to attend to their property and visit their estates,
not leaving them, as at present, to interested agents,
and more interested and unprincipled bailiffs, you can
alone hope for general and permanent peace and pros-
perity in Ireland, and that can only be done by an effi-
cient and permanent poor-law, operating on all parties.
Ido therefore, entreat of you to persevere, in spite of
the idle talk of confiscation, or of political economists,
to whom so many lives have already been sacrificed,
desolating the country with a pestilence which carries
away the best of our people. Do then, good Sir, con-
tinue to advocate the cause of the poor and destitute—
a truly righteous work, in that neglected, afflicted, and
necessarily abandoned country. Accept these few lines
from a practical man, no theorist, and long a Member
of Parliament.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant,
1, Sackville-street, May 7, 1847.

J. GRATTAN.

CONFIDENCE AND NO CON-
FIDENCE.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TlMts.

Sir,—The infatuation under which the public is la-
bouring at this moment of crisis as to the temporary
character of tge causes producing it, it concerns the na-
tional weal to remove as quickly as possible. - Want of
confidence is the cry of the merchants and bankers of
the cities of London, Liverpool, Manchester, &c.,
whereas want of , property is the real evil. We have
-stocks of nothing ; our large consumption has devoured
everything. Wheat, from scarcity—known long ago to
those who bad followed the subject, but just found out
by the confiding multitude,—is at 1003. a quarter. All
other articles of consumption are comparatively high,
also, from the same cause, money with the rest of them.
The most solid borrower in the country, the Govern•
ment, is obliged to pay 41. 11s. per annum interest on its
Exchequer bills. Confidence and snore paper is to be
the cure for a real deficiency,—so say the deputations of
the commercial interests Of Liverpool and the loan in-
terests of London. Bank of England directors tell you
that affairs in the city are better, because more gold.
Cie result of a forced action on the exchanges and
denial of accommodation to customers, has come
into their own coffers. Why, Sir, one month's
supply of wheat alone at the present ptr,i,cef
would carry off 5,000.0001. of gold. such
confidence
Ire I say, that all these efforts to, inspire
keeping up a I,tal delusion. Assumingfriendstheco wing
harvest to be as abundant as the most of
cannot reach
their country's prosperity car. desire, we
the periodg of
lnaittseattdrtriitvaa.lanitt'inwve
ceonse
confidence,. at
wteh ehapvaceehrweeare n
tuncgooinnfiient all along. Had the price of all articles
been as high as they ought to have been, but far funded
and railway speculations, six months ago, the process of
economy would have been going on from that time, and
the -accumulations upontmo assisting
h a
elapse periodu
before
throught timec hne
expect
threeop‘el lcdt
ereotsnuotrnihuse. twhit's it is, we suddenly arrive at the
anyth v feonuge rownm
awful conviction that we are without stores at all, and
ire are told to issue more paper and have confidence.
Rigid and universal economy, with as large a sale as we
can malie of transferable securities, for the purpose of
procuring supplies from every quarter from which they can come, is the only escape from our present dilemma.
If we get gold from other countries, we must get it with
the certain conviction that it will be required to pay-for
our most urgent wants. Other countries in the same
predicament with ourselves, having spent too ranch, and
being short of supply, will be active competitors with us.
We must be prepared, therefore, for sacrifices, and enor-
mous ones.—Your obedient servant,
London, May 8. R.

OXFORD, MAT 7.—Mr. John Buttanshaw, from
Tunbridge Grammar-school, was this day elected to the
Kent Scholarship at Corpus Christi College. The Rev.
Charles Browne Dalton, M.A., of Wadham, Examining
Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of London, will preach at St..
Mary's, on Sunday next, in the forenoon; and the lion, and
Hey. Samuel Waldegrave, M.A., late Fellow of All Souls,
in the afternoon. The Rev. H. W. Phillott, M.A., Stu-
dent of Christchurch, will preach at Christchurch on Ascen-
sion-day.
GLASGOW UNIVERSITY.—At a meeting of the
Senate of the University, held after the distribution of
prizes on Saturday, the . Earl of Eglinton was unani-
mously elected Dean of Faculties for the ensuing year, in
the room of Lord Meadowbank, whose term of office had
expired.