The Sun.
London, England, 1847-09-28 00:00:00

✓sisted in, steps would be formally taken to have the
said correspondent horsewhipped. That, we take it,
is an ingenious method of putting down any obstre-
perous antagonists worthy of the combined genius of
Sir PETRR LAURIE and the Hon. and Gallant Gen-
tleman the Member for West Gloucestershire.
Meanwhile, in the midst of these heartburnings
and vituperations, the commerce of the Rio de la
Plata is stunted, and the energies of its inhabitants
diverted, by marauding adventures, and a lying
system of diplomacy, to the perpetration of
butcheries or the abasement of the national
disposition. " The intervention on the part
of England is at an end. Would to GOD it bad never
commenced !" is the ejaculation of a writer at Buenos
Apes. We could heartily sympathise in the spirit
of that ejaculation, when we considered the insouci-
ance evinced by the Monte Videans, the abortive nego-
tiations of our diplomatists, the ungrateful insolence
of the resident traders, and the continued hatred still
maintained between the Argentines and Orientals.
Much, nevertheless, of the odium of the recent failure
in regard to a six months' armistice is due to the
blundering egotism of the Count WALuwsKI, a
plenipotentiary who has imbibed a very agreeable
proportion of perverseness from the principles advo-
cated by the quidnunc VARELA. Whether those
principles will be ultimately triumphant, it is just now
impossible to conjecture. The futurity of that divi-
sion of the South American continent can scarcely be
more deplorable or ruinous—however frightful may be
the catastrophes in store for the population—than the
protracted evils which have rendered the last eighteen
months of its history so remarkable. Time may
prove that the most ruthless slaughters cannot be
' more destructive to national commerce, or national
independence, than the protracted miseries of a cora-
, pulsory armistice.

Mr. POULETT SCHOPE, the zealous and indefatigable
advocate for the reclamation of die waste lands of
Ireland, has published a second letter to Lord JOHN
RUSSELL, the object of which is to show " that Ire-
land is by no means overpeopled, and that even her
most seemingly overcrowded districts might, by wise
arrangements, be made to support in comfort their
entire population." In this opinion we fully concur.
We have repeatedly cited the statements of compe-
tent authorities in support thereof, but even a cursory
view of the enormous resources of that sadly neglected
country, which might so readily be rendered available,
will satisfy any disinterested inquirer of the truth of
the assertion, and convince him that there is an ample
field for the profitable employment of every able-bodied
labourer, who, under a judicious system, would become
one of the most valuable members of society, the pro-

ducer and creator of national wealth, the consumer
of our manufactures, and a contributor to the national
exchequer, in place of being an encumbrance and a
burden to the land, whom it is desirable to get rid of
at any cost, and in any manner. Mr. SCROPE
selects two cases as illustrations of his argument—
the one of a townland, and the other of a county.
It would scarcely be possible to discover in all Ire-
land stronger cases, or those more favourable to the
views of the advocates for an extensive national
system of emigration, as the only means by which
Ireland can be permanently relieved from her dis-
tressed condition, and elevated in the social scale. In
the first instance, the townland of Monaduff, measur-
ing less than 150 acres, is inhabited by more than
300 human beings. Neither rent nor rates can be
collected, the entire produce being insufficient for
the support of the numbers located thereon, " but
yet the district possesses within itself mountain, bog,
and marsh, with an inexhaustible supply of lime-
stone, more than enough, if brought into cultivation,
to sustain five times its present amount of population."
So says Mr. DEVITT, the chairman of the board of
guardians, by whom a memorial was forwarded,
containing the names of some thirty or forty families,
who pray ed to be assisted to emigrate, or to be re-
moved anywhere, to prevent their continuing to starve
one another. Such a case, however, strong it may
be, does not furnish so fair a test as that of a larger
district. It speaks strongly of the culpable and un-
wise neglect of those who suffered their properties to
be reduced to so melancholy a condition, while they
refrained from gathering the mines of wealth—the
stores which nature had scattered with a prodigal
hand at their very thresholds, until they be-
came involved in one common ruin with the
unfortunate people whose destinies were com-
mitted to the charge of such unworthy guardians.
A county, however, possesses a large number of dif-
ferent owners of the soil, in various positions and cir-
cumstances, and of different ranks and grades in so-
ciety. A fair average of good and bad may be looked
for amongst them, and the condition of the people
generally may be regarded as presenting the best
illustration for a comparison of what has been effected
and what omitted, what done and what left undone.
The county of Mayo is probably an extreme case.
In all the tales of Irish misery and Irish sufferings it
is referred to as an example. 'With the single excep-
tion of ill-fated Skibbereen and the surrounding dis-

tricts, it was in Mayo that the greatest destitution
was to be found, that the sufferings of the people were
most pitiable, and that the greatest loss of life in pro-
portion to the numbers of the people took place, from
the combined effects of pestilence and famine. Yet in
this very county Mr. Sc ROPE shows that if the lands
which, according to the report of Mr. GRIFFITH, could be
reclaimed with profit (and it should be borne in mind
that that eminent engineer prepared that report with
reference to an Act which declared that the minimum
annual return consequent on the outlay should be at

least ten per cent. to warrant an advance), there
would be an average of twelve acres of cultivated
land for each family, besides the run of four or five
acres more of rough mountain or bog for their
cattle, and turf digging. Surely it is absurd to say,
when such is the fact, that Mayo could not amply
support its entire population.
Although we agree with Mr. SCOPE in believing
that the reclamation of the waste lands, together

with an improved and better cultivation of those
lands which are already under tillage, afford the
best and most obvious means for the regeneration of
Ireland, there are many other matters which
should not be lost sight of in taking account of the
measures that should be introduced to the Legisla-
ture. Many projects have from time to time been
put forward from which, although they might not
entirely fulfil the sanguine expectations of their
originators and supporters, much that is valuable
might be extracted. The fisheries—an increased
quantity of land devoted to the cultivation of flax—an
extension of the linen manufacture—will all be attended
with the most beneficial results, and everything by
which the industrial resources of the country may be
more fully developed and brought into operation,
should be well considered, and every possible facility
given to its adoption. Every law by which improve-
ment is retarded, should, if possible, be got rid of, and
remedies provided where it is impossible wholly to
change the law. The chief causes of the evils that
have sprung up are undoubtedly the embarrassments
and encuthbrances by which many—indeed, by far the
greater number—of the landed proprietors are affected.
and the strictness of the entails and the limited estates
which the nominal owners possess in the proper-
ties of which they have only the life interest. The
only manner by which this evil can be averted is,
first, by permitting an easy and speedy transfer of
the encumbered properties, permitting the balance of
the fund realised by the sale, after the satisfaction
of every charge affecting the lands, to belong to the
remainder-men, in place of the lands themselves; and,
secondly, by allowing every sum of money expended
in permanent and valuable improvements on the land
by the tenant for life, or other owner of a limited
estate, to become a charge on the inheritance, and be
legally assignable; so that it would consti-
tute a sufficient security to those who would
advance the amount necessary to effect them. By
these means and also by encouraging improvements
'.;y the occupiers, by securing them full compensation
in the event of their rents being raised, or their
being turned out of the possession of their holdings
within a certain period, the necessary stimulant
would be applied, the waste lands cultivated, the na-
tural fertility of the soil taken due advantage of, and
the name of "an Irish landlord " would no longer
be regarded as a term of reproach and disgrace.

Accounts from Pesth of the 11th state, that among
the instructions given by the assembly of that county
to its representatives in the General Assembly of
Hungary, are the following:—
" 1. The complete equality of all citizens before

the law, the publicity of the judicial debates, and the
judgment by jury in all criminal affairs, not excepting
political crimes.
" 2. The formation of a Court of Cessation like that
of France.

" 3. The abolition of forced labour and all imposi-
.ons of the like nature, which will be replaced by
numerical contributions.
" 4. The establishment of a general bank, destined
to assist commerce and industry.
" 5. The right for each village to be reprosentiedby
two members in the county assembly, of which it
forms part."

The Austrian Minister at Rome, Count DE LIITZOW,
has presented a note to the Pontificial Government in
reply to the protest against the occupation of Ferrara,
in which Austria contends that the 103 d article of
the treaty of Vienna has given her a right to garrison
that town.

" The word place' used in that article," says the
Austrian note, " leaves no doubt as to that right.
The town of Ferrara, being surrounded with ram-
parts, forms, w ith the citadel, what is called the
Place of Ferrara, which Austria, in virtue of the
treaty of 1815, possesses the right to garrison.' The
Cabinet of Vienna next contends that, It is the in-
terest of the Roman as well as the Austrian Govern-
ment, and the population of Ferrara, that the service
of the place should be performed with order and re-
gularity. The attempt made against Captain Janko•
witch by the anarchi,ts proved the necessity of patrols
for the preservation of order.' The Emperor further
declares that, Not considering the protest of the
Cardinal Legate as founded in law, and finding, more-
over, in the last manifestations which took place at
Ferrara, an additional motive for the garrison to con-
form strictly to the rules of prudence, the Marshal
Count Radetzki, Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial
troops in Lombardy, had been instructed to maintain
entire the rights of the garrison of Ferrara, the ex-
ercise of which, moreover, was, in a military point of
view, indispensable to its security.' The imperial
Court next blames the Cardinal Legate for recur-
ring to a notary to draw up his protest,' and adds,
that 'the Secretary of State having thought proper
to communicate that document to all the members of
the corps diplomatique, the Aulic Cabinet had felt
equally obliged to communicate to the different Courts
its reply to his protest.' "
A letter from Naples of the 19th announces the
defeat of the royal troops under the orders of General
,NUNZIANTE, by the Calabrian insurgents, in the
neighbourhood of Gerace. ROMEO, the insurgent
commander, proposed an exchange of prisoners, to
which General NUNZIANTE replied it was too late, as
he had caused all the rebels he had taken to be shot.
ROMEO immediately ordered all his own prisoners to
be shot. -

Vv
Count BRESSON, the new French Ambassador to
Naples, will visit Milan, Turin, Florence, and Rome
en route. He is charged with a diplomatic mission
by the KING of the FRENCH to each of these Courts.
La Speranza announces thet a popular demonstra-
tion in honour of the PorE took :place at Malta, in
which the English took part. The cries raised were
" Viva the independence of Italy 1" " Viva Pigs IX. 1"

Madrid journals of the 21st have arrived.
On the 20th a number of projects of law relative
to the national property called proprios, the tariff, the
clergy, &c., were submitted to the Council by Senor
SALAMANCA. They will be published in the Gaceta
of the 25th, it is said.

General LINAGE has, it is said, left Madrid on a
mission to General ESPARTBRO.

The Heraldo, and other organs of the Afrancesado
party, continue their attacks on Mr. BULWER.
It is said that a reconciliation has taken place be-
tween NARVAEZ and SERRANO, and that negotiations
are going on to bring about a reconciliation between
SALAMANCA and NARTAEZ. CORDOVA and Ros DE
OLANO are exerting themselves to bring about this
fusion, in which case NARVAEZ would be appointed
President of the Council.

Skirmishes are daily taking place in Catalonia be-
tween the QUEEN'S troops and the Carlists.
In the event of the return of ESPARTERO to Spain,
it is said that he will not come to Madrid, but reside
on his property at Logrono.

MADRID BOLSA, SErT. 21.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 26i for cash ; the Four per Cents. at
16i ; the Five per Cents. stt 171-; the Debt without
Interest at 5 ; and the Coupons at 14. After the
close of business the Three per Cents. fell to 26,
cash.

We have:received the Paris papers of Sunday, in
which the controversy cn the appointment of the Due
D'AumALE to Algeria is continued. The only passage
on this subject worthy of extract is the following
from the National in reply to the assertion of the
Daats, that a Prince of the blood will be to the full
as responsible to the Ministry and to the country as
any other officer would be. The National says
But suppose for a moment that a Minister of
War be found courageous enough to give formal
orders to a Royal Ilighness ; suppose that such a
phenomenou of a Minister should carry his intre-
pidity to the point of daring to reprimand such a per-
sonage, when guilty of some political or administra-
tive lapsus ; if the Prince should persist in a dis-
astrous system—should heap fault on fault, imperti-
nence on impertinence; if he should compromise the
future prospects of the colony; if, in a word, there
should be no other course possible but to remove the
Prince, will your model Minister, or can he, remove
this fatal instrument of the Government existing in
the another country ? Why, the unfortunate man
would be removed a hundred times over before the
other would be once. Where would he find support?
Would he demand from the King to sign the dismissal
of his son, and to deliver to him a public certificate of
incapacity ? Could he reckon on the Chamber—on
that majority before which the name of any member
of the Royal Family cannot be pronounced without
making the sign of the cross, as if in worship ? The
poor man, if he has any spirit and firmness, will have
nothing else to do but to resign. No; when the
system makes itself double, in order to encircle
Algeria in its all-powerful action, it is not for the
purpose of exposing itself to checks, which though
experienced at a distance, and in the person of one cf
its instruments, would not be felt by it the less
acutely. We even go further, and affirm, that if in
nominating the Duka d'Aumale to the government of
Algeria, it could be for a moment imagined that the
Prince should be exposed to the remonstrances of a
Minister, and to the destruction which menaces
every functionary that is incapable or faithless, most
undoubtedly the appointment would never have
been made. But what use is there in discussing such
evident truths? In such a case demonstration is su-
perfluous. It is sufficient to state that a son of Louis
Philippe is appointed Governor of Algeria for the good
sense of the hearer to at once exclaim—he will be
irresponsible."

The Journal des Dd)als confirms the intelli-
gence which we gave yesterday from the
Zeitungs Halle, that the Austrian Government,
in consequence of the remonstrances of a
deputation headed by the Arch .Duke Louis had
revoked the order forbidding the purchase of railroad

shares by the Sinking-fund Administration. The
Sinking-fund Administration will consequently con-
tinue to purchase shares at the market price. " That
decision," says a German journal, " excited a great
enthusiasm on the Bourse." The Administration of
the Sinking-fund bought to the amount of 15,000,000
and upwards.

The following official announcement of the death
of COLETTI appears in the illoniteur Parisien:—
" Government received, this morning, intelligence
of the death of M. Coletti, who expired at 6 o'clock
on the morning of the 12th inst. M. Piscatory,
Minister of France at Athens, in a dispatch dated
the 10th inst., gave to the Minister for Foreign
Affairs an account of the progress of the malady."
According to the Presse, M. PISCATORY is using
all his influence to procure the appointment of RIGAS
PALAMIDES As successor to COLETTI. GRIZIOTIS has
had his arm amputated, and is recovering. The
Turkish authorities of Scio have shown him every
attention.

Accounts were received at Oran on the 18th of the
defeat of the forces of ADD-EL-KADER by those of
the Emperor of Moaocco at Tazato Fez. The EMIR
was compelled to retreat, and hail, it was said, de-
manded an interview with the Lieutenant of the
EMPEROR.

It was rumoured on Sunday in Paris that the
French loan would be publicly announced on the
following day, and that it would be for 150,000,000 f.
only.

There was a rise in the funds in the Passage de
l'OpC,ra on Sunday. The Three per Cents. were done
at 751. 80c.

MARSEILLES, SEPT. 22.—Marseillos and Avignon,
5104'.; Northern, 507 f. 50e.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, SEPTEMBER 27.
Boulogne and Amiens, 135,1--I,rarnur and Liege, 37i
Northeria of France, 104,—Paris and Orleans, 45—Paris
and Rouen, 351A—Rouen and Havre, 21—Sambre and
Lime, 714.