The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-22 00:00:00

TEXAN tADIBB.

The TeXaii ladies seldom show themselves to stran-
gers; and, like those of the United States, they use either
the pipe or the swab. The swab is a piece of soft wood,
about three inches longi which they chew at one end un-
til it forms a brash, then dipping it into a small bottle
of brown rappee snuff, which they carry abotit for the
purpo7:e of eleaninq. their teeth this operation bding
perforMed; the s*alb is placed In one side of the mouth,
while the pine sometimes takes the other. They have
little neatness or cleanliness of person to attract the eye.
Their figureS are scarcely t( be described t doariff from
neglect;neglect;or emaciated by 41-i)
indulgenee, their skins have
borrowed from the sun the exact hue of the lemon; and if
the countenance be art index to the Mind, I doubt not
that their dispositions have, some*lntt of the peculiar
flartiut bf that sbur bullet Of t 6 tropics; bitt yet to those
Al.-H admire silence above every thing else in woman,
permit me to introduce the ladies of Texas par excellence
as mutes.

According to Mr. Maißard the climate of
Texas is not a jot more inviting it 6
tants. The prairies he describes as swamps
covered with water for several months •in the
year, and hardly habitable from the bites of in-
sects during the dry season. The City df
he says, is " very unhealthy," the City of Gal-
veston, " extremely unhealthy and insalubrious,"
the town of Valasto, "very Unhealthy," and the
City of Matagorda," most unhealthy,”
Even religious toleration, Mr, Maillard eon.
tends, does not exist in Texas_--a matter ',Aidh
he leaves us to infer would give him' no' trouble
were the country again delivered up to Mexico.
Though professing Protestantism, he enters into
a disquisition to prove that the religion of Rome
is a religion of civil democracy, and therefore
well suited to Republican States. This is a fal-
lacy which it is not worth while contradicting.
He tells us that " the first Anglo-American co-
lonists who entered Texas with General Austin,
not only reported themselves as, but they so-
lemnly swore that they were, Roman Catholics,
"which the fundamental laws of Mexico pe-
remptorily required," and yet in advocating the
stibs;ngation of Texas by Mexico, be carefully
abstains from recommending any change in these
fundaLaental laws! But as the opinion prevails
in this country that religious toleration does
exist in Texas, we shall again have recourse to
the pages of our author;—.

RELIGION OF AND RELICitOtTS TOLERATION

IN TEXAS.
nearing one day that the Rev. W. Taylor, a Protes-
tant clergyman, from the United States, who was gene-
rally spoken of as an able and orthodox preacher, was
going to preach, I went to hear him. On entering a
room set aside as a place of worship, I found the ladies
seated on oi:e side, busily
engaged with their fans, while
the gentlemen were as industriously employed chewing
tobacco on the other. Prayers commenced, and I soon
detected that the general confession, the Litany, and its
substitute, together with the Communion service, were
totally omitted. When the prayers were over the Rev.
Divine above named gave
a whole chapter from the
Romans as his text, and proceeded with his discourse,
a portion of which I will here give :—" What," said he,
" is all this bustle and fussing we hear in the world about
the salvation of man's soul ? Why, it is the simplest
thing alive—the simplest thing in the world. It is a
simple matter of fact, and I'll tell you how it is to be
done—l'll tell you how. Why, go home and believe in
the Lord Jesus Christ—that's all—that's all you have to
do. I have always preached this doctrine, and, toillus-
trate the comfort it has given to the afflicted, I'll mention
a case. A poor Dutchman, who had lost two children,
came running--[Mark ! the Dutchman ran ! !]—in great
trouble. I asked him what was the matter ? when he
exclaimed, ' Oh, Sir !

' Mine two babes, Sir, so dead as knits,
Whom Got did take avay vid fits ;
Dem vas too good to live vid me,
So Got did take dem home to live vid he.'
" Well, well," I said, "you must go home too." The
man stared at me ; but I said to him again, You must
go home '—he looked down—' and believe in the Lord
Jesus Christ !' He did not wait to make any answer,
but ran away, and in a few days he came to me again,
and said, Oh, Sir,'
If Got did kill mine babes so dead as knits,
You did take avay mine fits.'"
This discourse was delivered with great energy, and
at the conclusion of it the congregation sung a hymn to
the air of " Auld Lang Syne," and retired.
They have in Texas, Methodists, Independents, and a
long string of other dissenters from their Protestant
Church, but whether these constitute the schisms which
the Texan author alludes to, I am not prepared to say,
though I soon discovered the existence of both " the
petty schisms parties," and the " impalpability" of the
" powder" to which Protestantism is reduced among the
Texan community, who have been lauded by many tra-
vellers as the warmest advocates of religious tolera-
tion! But to bring this subject to the test, we will sup-
pose the man who "ran" to Mr. Taylor, in such sad
dudgeon, to be a black man,—a negro, and Mr. Taylor
seeing the trouble of the father for the loss of his chil-
dren, would he dare say to the poor negro, " Go home,
and believe in the Lord Jesus Christ ?" Not he :
fur if he were to approach the negro, even in the
capacity of a clergyman, or if a Roman Catholic priest
were to venture to put the sign of the cross on a black
man in Texas, what would be the consequence ? He
would be either shot on the spot, or he would be taken,
tarred, feathered, whipped, and started on a log into the
nearest river, to find his way to the bottom, or to some
more hospitable locality. Such is the true spirit of re- •
ligious toleration in Texas.
And this is to write history ! We shall
not trouble ourselves further with Mr. Mail-
lard's volume. From the extracts we have
made the public will know what to think of
it. The independence of Texas being solemnly
recognised by the Governments of the United
States, England, France, Belgium, and Holland,
may be safely regarded as placed beyond the
chances of a successful Mexican invasion.
Moreover, there is much-more grounds for ap-
prehending that Mexico will become a province
of Texas, that than the latter republic will ever
again submit her Saxon neck to the iron yoke of
Mexico.

THE PRINCIPAL DIFFICULTIES OF THE
SLIDING SCALE REMOVED, with a Plan for
equcitizirig the Expenditure and Income of the United
Kingdom. By the Rev. Thomas Farr,
Mr. Farr has published two pamphlets pre- '
bestsinil liatirt subjects,entions .
We cannot,
alvdtilttliiiiisitt,loletnis he states, that the decision
all.iniotiluisi, sei al:teertd:
rprice to the
idingscale,has
of the majority at the late election in favour of
adequate
by nat s ofa
r emieui
ii e rati isi
slaencudlioilrigd aan
tenant,d
the smallest influence on the nature and charac-
ter of the Corn-law, or does anything more
then ensure its continuance till the public
obtain a conviction of its mischief. Mr.
Farr takes a different view, and labours
with praiseworthy deference to the temporary
opinion of the temporary majority, to lay aside
his own opinions. He accordingly slides about,
and to secure all possible good effects actually

" Lot 5. Two pieces of land, numbered on the Map
XVII. and XVIIL, containing together 10a. Ir. 23p.,
and now in the occupation of Mr. Charles Maplestone."
—Old rent, 11/. ss. ; new, 261.

Sum total of old rents, 641..155. ; of new ditto, 104/. 55.;
an increase of more than 99 per cent. in 8 years above
the rent given in 1833.
I am grieVed to say the wages of the labourer have
not Increased in the sante proportion. Those who farm
their own land, as nluell for inntlSeittent as profit, gene-
rally give 12s. per Week, wet and dry ; those who
odeupy as tenants, or farmers by trade, pay 10s., vret and
dry, and 11s. if the labourer is taken ff his work during
the wet weather. The lo'we'st Vric6 of flour, called
seconds, was during the year 18.S1, it was for a
short time as low as Is. 4d. per stone ; it then retlia/oed
for a long period at ls. 6d. per stone, and has of late
been sold at 2s, Bd, per stone. The wages of the me-
chatiid, -eftiployed by the agricultural labourer, have in
no way varied. A patten-malter, whom I have examined
on the subject, has worked many years far the same
master, when flour was 16d., 18d., and 2s. Bd. a Stdilt!, his
wagas were the same—half-a-crown a day. All the
FitdpkeeperS Inform me, when corn is dear in this the
rifest rigrietiltitral part df Bogland, their trade is not so
good, because the larger the stint of money their usual
customers must lay out in bread, the less they have left
for other things ; but there are many who rarely ttiSt6
bread, particularly those who are too old to work, and
receive the parish allowance of 2s. a week ; they pay Is.
a week for house rent, and have only Is. left for food,
fire, and clothes J. they generally purchase a sack of po-
tatoes, which, with red herrings, constitute their food,
the high price of flour rendering it ihipossible for them
to have bread for the greater part of the year, The
landlord appears to be the only gainer.
It is singular to find Mr. Farr speaking of the
Legislature deciding and settling the price of
Wheat, as if that were its business. What right
has any Legislature to settle the price of any
commodity ? The best part of the joke, however,
is, that the landlords, as improvers and as law=
makers, are in conflict with themselves. All
agricultural improvement, deserving of the name,
proditte torn cheaper, that is, lower its price. On
the one hand, then, the landlords labour to lower
pride, and on titcl dtlidf they nialte laws to keep
it up. Poor men! they are Sd dfraid of their
own stupendous improvements in the way of Onk
tivation, that they guard themselves against the
consequences; and enact a law to prevent them-
fiorn lleitig impoverished by their own
skill. It is somewhat dishonest, too, to produce
a commodity by less cost, and then eiernand the
same price for it as if it had cost thetti it ottiriltet
stlrth

THE CORN-LAW.. Plcir Effects on the Trade of
the Country Considered, with gdyytistions for a coin •
promise, 4-c. 4,-c. By David Salomons, _egg.
Compromise seems the order of the day
amongst Corn,law pamphleteers. Mr. Farr is
for u.compromise ; Mt. Salorttons recommends
compromise, but his compromise is the extraor-
dinary one of a 10s.fixed duty, with a little slid.
Ing scale of his own between 50s. and Ws., When
the duty is to vary 6d. for every shilling the
price varies. Though we approve of none of
these schemes, seeing them put forth gives us
satisfaction, because it indicates a conviction that
the present law cannot be maintained, and each
one is anxious to suggest the compromise by
which they may be got rid of.
Mr. Salomons's pamphlet points out the influ-
ence of the Cora-laws on the currency, on trade,
' and, in particular, their influence and disturbing
effects on prices abroad; and Mr. Salomons also
explains the great injury these laws inflict on the
country, by inducing the merchant to give much
more for corn in the nearer markets rather than
risk loss by buying at a cheaper rate at a more
distant market. We quote a brief passage :
In a small degree every market has felt the influence
of British demand, but the weight of it has fallen on the
nearer ports of Europe, where supplies could with facility
be snatched up, to be entered for home consumption dur-
ing the fleeting interval when the duty was at the lowest.
Go to the corn-market, and advise with your factor on
the state and prospect of the harvest. State to him your
opinion of the probability of the wheat crop proving de-
ficient, and that the markets throughout the country are
rising in consequence. Suggest to him that wheat may
be bought in Sicily, or some Mediterranean port, at
30s. per quarter—What would he say ? His reply
would be—lf you are looking to a rise in the market
to produce you a quick and sure return, you had
better direct your attention to Dantzig, or Hamburg),
for there you will be in a situation to realise, at a
low duty, an advantage you may forego by going to the
distant port. You are, therefore, recommended to pay
505. per quarter at the nearer, rather than 30s. at the
distant port—lnverting the ordinary principles of trade,
you are advised to buy the dear it:stead of the cheap
commodity Surely this is a reckless waste of the pro-
perty of the country. Yet it is perfectly true—a matter
of daily occurrence inherent in the false principle ou
which the existing Corn-Jaws are framed. What have
been, and indeed what are, the of produced on the
trade with the United States at this moment—a country
with which we have the most intimate commercial inter-
course, and to which we export the greatest amount of
manufactured goods. Observe the value of our exports
to that country, and look at cur imports, and see what
quantity of wheat or flour we have received from thence.
The value of the goods sent in the three years 1838,1839
and 1840 exceeded 28,512,0001., and the whole quantity
of wheat and flour received from the United States, during
the same period, did not amount to four hundred thousand
quarters, which, at the rate of 50s. per quarter, is under
the value of a million sterling ; whilst our importations
from ports in Europe were 6,365,000 quarters of wheat
and flour, which, at the same rate of valuation, amounted
to 15,914,000/.
We not only pass by those markets where corn may be
had on the easiest terms, but we exchange our manufac-
tures at a disadvantage in order to obtain bullion to pay
for an article bought at the highest price at ports within
the influence of our low rates of duty. Seeing that we
imported nine millions of quarters of corn within a period'
of four years, is it too much to suppose that the average
price of this corn was raised on us at least 20s. per quar-
ter, by which means we have recklessly thrown away
nine millions sterling of the resources of the country.
Mr. Salomons, like every person who treats
the same side of the question, points out an im-
mense mass of evils which result from the pre-
sent law. For the whole of them, and for all
the evils which can be imagined of the same de-
scription, free trade is the adequate remedy :
nor has any person pointed out any evils further
than temporary ones, which would result from
having a free trade in corn. Some land, it is
supposed, might be thrown out of cultivation for
a brief space; we might, it is said, be made de-
pendent on other nations; both of which are
imaginary, and (were they real) trifling evils,
-compared to the dreadful misery inflicted by
the Corn-laws. The remedy for sliding scales,
fixed duties, &c., is a completely free trade,
which has none of their disadvantages.

THE SITE OF THE ROYAL EXCHANGE.—
At the meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, held last
Thursday evening, a paper of considerable interest was
read by M. C. R. Smith. on the recent discovery of
Roman antiquities in London, particularly with reference
to the foundations of the new Royal Exchange. The
completion of the foundation was much retarded by the
excavators finding an extensive gravel pit, which it re-
quired many loads of concrete to fill, on the part oppo-
site to the entrance of the Bank of England. It after-
wards appears to have been employed to receive the rub-
bish and refuse from the shops and houses of the City,
and amongst the debris removed were large quantities of
bones and other remains of animal and vegetable matters,
with abundance of articles of domestic life, as shoes
and sandals ; knives and cutting instruments, on sonic
of which were engraven the names of the makers ; and
some weaving instruments, 'in which part of the wool
remained entwined, and which seemed to show the anti-
quity of this staple branch of British manufacture.
There were also found coins of Vespasian, Domitian,
and Severus ; but in the rubbish at top were coins of
much later dates, showing this part of the city to be of
comparatively recent formation. Prom the discovBr3
within the last few years of tesseim in the Bank of Eno.-
land, Cornhill, and the site of the French church in
Threadneedle-street, where Roman villas doubtless stood
the results of the present inquiry seemed to show that
Roman London was continually entrenching on the fields
which surrounded it, and that the excavation alluded to
was situated in fields,

A few days ago, a boiler at the Government manufac-
tory of steam-engines, at Indret, near Nantes, burst, and
seriously wounded four men, .

ALMANACS FOR 1842.
7:71E .73YtEIVERS' ANNUAL ALMANAC, 1842.
• By George Amsinch, Long-acre.
This. nnual will be found useful to publicans
.and brewers, as it furnishes numerous statistical
tables respecting brewing, distilling, and the
quantity of malt wetted by the brewers of Lon-
don and its neighbourhoo6, for the fbur years
ending October 10, 1841, with a Coll account of
the number of brewers, victuallers; and beer-
sellers in the United Kingdom, stating -the num-
ber of each cla§li; who brew their own heer;. and
the quantity of matt consumed by them dui";
itikt year 1840. The compiler, naturally indigl•
at a paragraph which appeared in the pa-
pers, " Great Decrease in ilia' Consump-
tion of Lon46tr Porter," satisfactorily' eßplains
the matter. It aipptals that the superior' quality
of the malt last year aecounts for the defrait in
the quantity wetted, that the houses that brew'
portgrOply are scarcely down atoll, and that ati
the new' malt is sadly deficient itti quality, the
London jourtifilti will have an opportor1”; of stat-
ing in large chargefrn next year, ‘.‘ Great In-
crease in the Consumption of London Porter,"
He does not, however,. attempt to deny that
Cl3re has been a considerable falling off in the
use of ale in London, as well as the quantity ex-
ported. This circumsta.mw can excite no sur-
prise, as gene'r'ally speaking the London-made
ale is the worst in the kingdom.

THR POOR MAN'S COMPANION,6r.
flabson, Leeds; and Cleave, _London.

This is a Political Almanack for 1842, showing
the anintint and application of the taxel3 raised
from the industry of the working classes, and
containing much information for them, and some
also that may be useful to those horn only to
Mistitne their productions. Among other statis-
tical tables; it gives a summary of the resources of
Great Britain, comparison between the produc-
tiveand unproductivelclatses, and long and instruc-
tive answers to the question, "How are the taxes
applied 7" " The Cost of the Church," and the
" Black LIStl" may also be perused with advan-
tage. "The :EnFlish Church," says the com-
piler, "is very dear; much more so than any other.
It is computed that tfie sums paid to the clergy
of nil other Christian ChurcYes for ministering to
2.03,7-.11,000 persons, amount or; to '9,849,060/.
while the clergy of England and feziland pocket
10,886,1520