The Sun.
London, England, 1841-03-26 00:00:00

--111;u4.

tONDON:
FRIDAY, MARCH 26, 1641.

Tile Lords met yesterday only to receive a
few petitions, and immediately adjourned.
In the COMMOCIS Mr. CoLgunoux introduced
his Bill to put an end to Maynooth College,
which was read a first time.
After a little opposition from Lord llowlcK
and some others, the motion of Mr. T. DUNCOMBE
to print the petition we mentioned yesterday was
carried.

Sir E. KNATCIIBULL was not so successful with
which ;vail:NB
a motion to print the petition of
LOW relative to the legacy duties,
op-
posed by the CHANCELLOR of the E-
-cenF,Q,JER
and Sir R. PEEL, and withdrawn by the Right
Hon. Baronet.
Mr. LABOUCHF,RE gave notice of a motion for
Thursday, April 1, for a Committee to inquire
into the state of the law regulating Joint Stock

Companies.
Mr. Hi having asked a question concerning
Lord WALDEGRAVE, was assured by Mr. Fox
DS A uLE that no compromise in the case would
be allowed, that both the Marquis of NORMANDY
and the Police Commissioners set their faces
against any such proceedings, and that Lord
WALDEGRAVE would be brought up for judg-
ment next term.

In reply to Lord FJTZALAN, Lord JOHN Rug-
SELL stated that he considered the proposed ap-
plication of the parish funds of Marylebone to
send females to South Australia, about which a
good deal has lately been said in the newspapers,
as most improper.

In answer to Mr. EWART, Mr. STANLEY stated
that one-halt' of the Regent's Park was to be
thrown open, but that no alteration was to be
made. in Richmond Park; upon which Mr.
EWA.RT gave notice of his intention to move an
Address to her MAJESTY 011 the subject.
In a Committee of the whole House on the
Copyright of Designs Acts, Mr. TENNENT moved
resolutions which were agreed to, and a Bill ac-
cordingly ordered to be brought in.
Mr. GROTE then moved resolutions tending to
secure to the colony of New South Wales a
portion of the Land and Emigration Yund, to
provide in part for the expense of police and
gaols in the colony ; but before the Ron. Gen-
tleman could complete his sjiecchethe Rouse was
ounted out, and at Seven o'Clock adjourned.

the Inaugural Address of General HARnISON,
which we received yesterday, has very much
disappointed us. Instead of a brief; dear enun-
ciation of his views, such as we looked for from
an old soldier—such-as we are accustomed to
hear from the Duke of WELLINGTON—we find a
very long and very obscure address, so oven.,
loaded with words, that we are made to feel at
every sentence that the General wishes rather to
conceal than express his thoughts. He appears
'to have been afraid to dazzle the Americans with

the excess of light that was in his own mind,
and he has darkened it by transmitting it
through a dense medium of words. As it is of
some consequence, however, to ascertain, as far
as possible, what is to be the policy of the
new Government, as contradistinguished from
the former, we shall endeavour to gather from
the Address what are General HARRISON'S
principles. _ _

The most interesting point for us foreigners
is fortunately despatched in the fewest words.
The General assures his fellow-citizens that—
It is my intention to use every means in my power to
preserve the friendly intercourse which now so happily sub-
sists with every foreign nation ; and I see in the personal cha-
racters of the Sovereigns, as well as in the mutual interests of
our own and the Governments with which our relations are
most intimate, a pleasing--.guarantee that the harmony so im-
portant to the interests of•their subjects, as well as our citizens,
will not be interrupted by the advancement of any claim or
pretension upon their part to which our honour would not per-
mit us to yield. Long the defender of my country's rights in
the field, 1 trust that my ferow-citizens will not see .in my
earnest desire to preserve peace with foreign Powers any in-
dication that their rights will ever be sacrificed, or the honour
of the nation tarnished, by any admission on the part of their
Chief Magistrate unworthy of their fk,rmer glory.
That is all which General HARRISON says
about his foreign policy, and every right thinking.
man amongst us will hail with pleasure; and do
his utmost to enforce, the intention of preserving
the friendly intercourse between England and
America. The late-. American Government did
not, :;however;- make any different professions—it
N".-its mit dismissed on account of its foreign policy,
but because its domestic policy was unpopular,
and we, therefore, were anxious to learn what
General HARRISON is to substitute for the mea-
sures of Mr. VAN BUREN.

Chosen by a majority of the electors, lie can-
not do otherwise than recognise, as did his
two immediate predecessors, the broadest demo-
cracy as the foundation of the whole Government.
" The whole Constitution," he says, " rests upon
the people a breath of theirs having made, a
breath can unmake, change, or modify it."
So far he does not differ from them; but be im-

mediately afterwards sets up as above the living
democracy the " national compact," which set-
tled the Constitution. " The majority of our
citizens possess a sovereignty with an amount of
power precisely equal to that which has been
granted to them by the parties to the national
compact, and nothing beyond." He distinguishes
the American Republic from democracies in
which the people lay claim to a power limited
only by their own will, and above that will he
places the will of those who drew up the Consti-
tution. We fancy we see in this passage a. dis-
position in the new President to place bounds,
if he can, to the power of that majority which
elected him, fearing, probably, that it may de-
sert him as it has deserted his predecessor.
He certainly may mean by sovereignty the
functionaries which the will of the sovereign
people has constituted, for he also says—" The
Constitution of the United States is the instru-
ment containing this grant of power to the
several departments composing the Govern-
ment." But if he only means to confine the
several departments of the Government within
the bounds marked out for them by the Consti-
tution, what can be said for the clearness of the
address? We admit that from these contradic-
tory passages we do not know whether General
HARRISON means to regulate the departments by
the Constitution, or to use that to place bounds
to tine power of the living democracy. He has,
however, a purpose in view a project of
reform at heart--which seems to us alike
incompatible with the duties of the Pre-
sident, which are merely to administer
the Executive, and the principle he subsequently
lays down in his address, that it was" not intended
to make the President the source of legislation."
A reforming President is, we are inclined to
think, not required in the United States. He
should leave changes to be initiated by the Con-
gress; but, true to the principle which carried
him into power, he declares what he himself will
do, to comply, we presume, with the wishes of
the party which elected him.
He apprehends that the great danger arises to
the American Government, not from a usurpa-
tion by it of power which the people has not
granted, but by one department taking to it-
self the power granted to another. He
attributes, in common with others, a tendency in
the President's office to gather the power from the
subordinate and separate department to itself,
and he proposes, as one of the objects of his re-
form, to arrest that tendency. He thinks that it
is a part of the wisdom of the Republic to limit
the service of the President, and he proposes to
give this principle the sanction of his example
by declaring that " under no circumstances will
I consent to serve a second term."

Mr. VAN, BUREN. and Mr. QUINCEY ADAMS,
we believe, are the only Presidents who have
not served two terms, and we cannot see any
reason for the limitation on the people's free
choice, which General HARRISON would pro-
pose. Suppose that at the end.of his own term
his country were engaged in war, which
he was prosecuting to a successful issue,
might it not be most unpatriotic and most dan-
gerous for him to adhere to his resolution, or for
his country to be compelled to entrust the con-
duct of affairs into other hands? In General
HARRISON'S case—who is supposed to have been
placed in the Presidential Chair as what is called
a warming-pan, because his party could not se-
cure the election of either one of two powerful
rivals, who would have been preferred to him—
the resolution may be a wise one, but such a
single instance cannot justify a '-general prin-
ciple. Nor is its enactment necessary ; for
supposing Mr. VAN BUREN'S Government to
have accumulated power by being a kind of
heir to General JACKSON, the people, by their
choice of General HARRISON, haVei -shown that
they know how to correct the error. In Eu-
rope it is generally said that the Executive Go-
vernment of the United States is not strong
enough, and the new President would diminish
its power. In this we think the General has
mistaken the principles of his party, whose object
is the very reverse of that which he has stated it
to be his intention to perform.'
The General discusses at great length the veto
principle, on which he is more than ordinarily
verbose; and, deciding that it was not intended to
constitute the President a part of the Legisla-
tive power, he concludes that " the veto power
was given to the Executive of the United States
solely as a conservative power, to be used only,
first, to protect the Constitution from violation;
secondly, the people from the effects of hasty
legislation, where their will has been pro-
bably disregarded, or not well understood ;
and, thirdly, to prevent the effects of com-
binations violative of the rights of minorities."
Of course he condemns that exercise of it by
General JACKSON by which he destroyed the
Charter of the United States Bank.
Considering the tendency in the Executive
power to augment itself, lie is strong against the
" unhallowed union of the Treasury with the
_Executive Department, which has created such
To this and to the danger to
ons created by the influence
Republicangenera al a rinni
s.
through the instrumen-
talityfficers he proposes to apply
" I have given to the Executive thr
of the fedeirtau-tio
de-
termined,"allthei. nmiuovneicaatiSne;rael-1
eidleiessaayts,his "nevereomm
yvaltotaey- of the Treasury without at:nocirm.e
h
cuirocuusmesstoanfcceosngait.etessn.dinLvseure,hwilt•
tlibothe
con-
sent, shall an officer of the people, compensated
for his services out of their pockets, become the
pliant instrument of Executive will."
On the same principle of reducing the power
of the Executive Government, General HAR-
RISON declares that the mode of keeping the
public treasury should be prescribed by Con-
gress, and " the further it is removed from the
control of the Executive, the- more wholesome
the arrangement, and the more in accordance
with Republican principles." General JACK-
SON
.was the advocate of a metallic currency,
that lie might make the Executive independent
of the monied interest. General HARRISON re-
gards the idea of making the currency exclusively
metallic as fraught with more fatal consequences
than any other scheme, having no relation to the
personal rights of the citizens, that has everbeen
devised. lle will, therefore, renew and extend the
power of the banks, and raise up'a monied aris-
tocracy to control the Executive Government.
It may be that, intead of a blunt old soldier, G e-
neral HARRISON I_a consummate politician, and ,

he means by all these remarks against increasing
the Executive power only to throw his fellow-
citizens off their guard, and more securely ac-
complish some plan of increasing it which he has
couceived. If it be not so his Government will
be a terrible disappointment to the aristocracy
and the Tories of Europe. They have run down
the Government of General JACKSON and of Mr.
VAN BUREN as too democratic; our Tory and
aristocratia ournals teem day after day with tirades
against the want of power in the Executive and Ge-
neral Government of the United States; the Tories
have led the public to believe that when the Whigs
—as General HARRISON'S friends are called—suc-
ceeded to office, they would improve this and
strengthen the Executive; but the one pervading
principle of Gen. HARRISON'S Inaugural Address
is that the Executive is too strong, that it gathers
too much power to itself from other departments,
and it must by all possible means be checked and
weakened. Such an Inaugural Address was, we
apprehend, little looked for on this side the At-
lantic.

A strange prospect is opening on the world.
The Examiner and the Globe have proclaimed
their adhesion to the Tory creed, that the " pre-
sent constitution of the United States must even-
tually fail." It may, therefore, be interred, as
the leading organs of both parties adopt the
same views, that they are correct. But if the
magnificent political experiment which has been
made in the new world fail, on what can the
hopes of mankind rest ? Can they fall back on
the monarchies of Europe and be contented to
look for nothing better than a series of French
Revolutions, conquering Emperors, Reform
Bill agitations, and Court intrigues?
Comparing the effects of the United States,
Government in the prosperity of the people,
with the effects of the Governments of
Europe, during the last fifty years, we can-
not believe that the monarchies of Europe
have any thin;• to boast of. The institutions of
the Republic have been in all respect' as little
changed as the institutions of any country of
Europe. It has the same form of Government
now as when it threw off the English yoke, while
every European monarchy has in that period
undergone great changes. Europe may be said
to have a federation of Governments as well as
the United States, but it has been continually
exposed to wars, while the United States have
had only some verbal wranglings one with
another. Though they hive received into their
bosoms the offscourings of Europe, they have en-
joyed much greater tranquillity than the prouder
federation of European monarchies, which has
had, as it were, a common police, and has refused
an asylum to those whom it thought dangerous.
The passions, too, which have here found vent in
great and organized legal warfare, have had no
other outlet in the United States than private
broils, and yet individual assassinations have not
been more frequent in the United States than
in Ireland or in Spain, or, perhaps, even than in
England.

IT the Government under which the propitious
effects we witness in America is to pass away,
and if nothing better can be hoped for than the
monarchies of Europe, which are, in the opinions
of some persons, hastening to decay, on what
can the hopes of mankind, as to future govern-
ment, be based ? The prospect seems to us a
dreary void, and, lest all faith in the future should
become extinct, it may be advisable in those
philosophers of the journals, who seek to extin-
guish the hopes which the rising Republic of the
West had excited, to sketch out some aristocrati-
cal or theoretical Utopia, to realise which should
be the common object of all who act, write,
or think, for the public welfare.

We are by no means sorry to see the Post re-
turning to the controversy on free trade, and that
it has found a Correspondent to aid it in opposing
The Sun, To deal first with the letter-writer,
we must bee, to treat as a misrepresentation his
n. assertiothe'at we looked to any rapid improve-
ment in the public knowledge of the properties
of matter to keep up the rental of the country
were the Corn-laws abolished. No doubt some
increase of knowledge would accrue ; but the in-
crease of a town population would be the main
element for enhancing in future, as it has en-
hanced in past times, the rental of land. We are
not displeased to receive from the letter-writer
the title of the " Labourers' Representative," for
undoOtedly they constitute the great majority of
the nation, and in supporting them we support i
the most numerous party. That the currency is
not what it should be we admit, but the regula-
tions of that are of a nature not so much to in-
terest the public as the gross and manifest in-
justice of the Corn-laws. We prefer, therefore,
dealing with the latter subject, at the same time
we are not averse, on seasonable occasions,
from discussing the currency question, and
we have stated more than once that we are for
a perfectly free trade in money as well
as in corn. When the abolition of the landlord's
taX is accomplished, we shall exert ourselves to
get rid of the Mint lie about gold and silver, and
the Bank of England fraud, as well as some other
nonsensical or roguish enactments; and then we
shall be happy to receive the aid of the Post and
its Correspondent. In the meantime, consider-
ing that the abolition of the Bread-tax is of the
most importance, we shall diflect our best exer-
tions to attain that object.
So much fbr the letter-writer in the Post ; now
we turn to the Editor's leader. He begins by ex-
pressing surprise at the one-sided view taken by
writers in favour of free trade, and before he
completes liivaragraph he defines free trade to
be 4114.0ttirtstlicted right to employ foreign
labour mstead„of British." Can any, biewt be
more on&sided? Surely it is also the right to
employ the labour of British seamen in bringing
home corn from the United States and from
Prussia, and in carrying out cotton cloth and
produce to exchange for it, which is now prohi-
bited, except under most disadvantageous terms.
Surely also, free trade is the right to employ,
which is now not allowed, the weavers of
Carlisle and the cutlers of Sheffield in pro-
viding the cloth and cutlery which could be ex-
changed for the food of Prussia and the United
States. The one-sidedness belongs at least as
much to the Post as to the advocates of free
trade.

s:ead of British, is an injury to that great mass
of our population who have nothing but their
power of labouring for others to depend upon.
But we will add that the chief want of the la-
bourers is food, and the chief capital by which
the capitalists can obtain thLir services is food.
In proportion, therefore, as food is augmented, in
proportion as the sources of its supplies are in-
creased, just so does the competition amongst ca-
pitalists to have the services of labourers, which
services are indispensable to their profit, increase;
and just so does employment extend and wages rise.
The Post would confine us to one source for a sup-
ply of food, would limit the quantity, and both
limit the power of the capitalists to employ
labour and limit their competition against
one another to obtain labour, for the benevolent
purpose of improving the condition of the la-
bourer.

We are unwilling, though at the expense of
being tedious, to allow any apparent fallacy to
escape notice and refutation. We must, there-
fore, observe that the Post implies that land,
as well as labour, is cheaper in foreign countries
than in England. If it be, whence does it arise ?
Our population is undoubtedly, with the excep-
tion, perhaps, of some of the small States of
Italy, of Wirtemberg, and Holland, the most
dense of Europe ; but it has the pre-eminent ad-
vantage of being surrounded by the sea, which
opens to our people an easy access to all other
countries.

As we have before observed, the fertile plains
of the Mississippi are; for practical purposes, as
near to Liverpool as they are to Boston. The in-
habitants of Cork or Lancashire can transport
themselves thither, or bring food from thence, at
as little cost nearly as the inhabitants of Massa-
chusetts.

The cause of land being much dearer in Eng-
land than in the United States, to say nothing of
Germany, which has, not our command of the
great highway of nations, is mainly that law
which prevents the produce Of the vast plains of
the Mississippi from being freely imported into
England, and of course -prevents ,some portion of
the crowded and suffering population of Eng-
land from transporting themselves thither to
cultivate those plains in order to feed their
countrymen who would remain here to prepare
them instruments and clothing. _

The Post assumes that labour is cheaper in the
countries with which the abolition of the Corn-
laws would allow our capitalists to trade. The
assumption is an error. One of those countries
is the United States, into which labour, because
it is more in demand and better paid than here,
is continually flowing. From all the other countries
in question, Russia, Prussia, and Belgium, few or
no labourers come to England. We find a few
German tailors and French or Swiss confection-
ers, with a few sugar-bakers, come here, but at
present English artizans go abroad, showing that
labour—their labour, at least—is dearer and bet-
ter paid abroad than here. With Ireland at our
doors, where wages are not above 4d. or 6d. a
day—with the Irish coming over to England by
shoals, and with wages in every part of the coun-
try at the very lowest point at which a half-fed,
half-clothed, half-warmed existence can be sup-
ported, to talk of labour being cheaper in any
other part of the Continent of Europe, particu-
llaabrloyurceoin.ss,ibdeertirnagystheeithsekrillgraenadt iingdnuosrtarnyceof
ooruar
mocking spirit which we do not find in the wri-
tings of the Post.

We say nothing of the monopoly of the
soil in England, because, with a perfectly
free trade, the vast regions of the United States
being open to our people, that monopoly would
be of no more importance than an individual
having exclusive possession of a cabbage garden
at Battersea, while all the rest of England was
open to be appropriated and used by the first
comer. We hold the • assumption of the Post
that land and labour are cheaper in other coun-
tries than in England, and all the arguments
and fears which grow from it, to be no farther
true than that the people are limited by the
law, not by nature, to that small portion of the
earth which' is owned by the English aristo7
cracy, the law-makerS, to obtain the food on
which we all live.

Our Contemporary seems to admit that our re-
ference in a former number to the manufactur-
ing towns, where the capitalist would employ
more hands if the corn and other fiscal laws
were repealed) is so far an answer to his former
statements; but he says the competition with
the labour of towns is not what he dreads :
It is not the competition of the manufacturing but of
the agricultural labourer that we have in the first instance
to apprehend, and therefore we should look for the evil re-
sults in Kent, and Essex, and Sussex, and Suffolk, and
Surrey. It is the labourers in these and similar districts of
our country. that we are anxious to preserve from the competi-
tion of foreign labour.

Our Contemporary does not suppose that the
peasants of Hungary would flock over to Eng-
land to compete in the cultivation of our soil
with our labourers; he fears that the influx of
their produce would enable our manufacturers to
feed themselves without the help of our agricul-
tural labourers. The wheat brought a thousand
miles would make men dispense with wheat
grown on the spot 1 What an idle fear. Has
our Contemporary any idea of cultivation It
cannot be extended at will, as a clever writer
like the Editor of the Post can fill his columns.
Wheat cannot be spun from the brains of man.
The most fertile country ever yet discovered
yielded only forest trees or a few wild fruits
till it was tilled by man's labour. Wheat
is the produce of much labour and skill.
To procure it instruments must be made,
animals must be reared, the ground must be
cleared and ploughed. ; and after all these la-
bours, it requires from six to eleven months, sub-
sequent to the wheat being sown, to come to perfec-
tion.i It would be at least nineteen months from
the 'ime of abolishing our Corn-laws before any
great increase of the supply of food could be
obtained.

NeVriwlwooeuwrledo
tulilinodesber
eel
aa iswmes
reepd
instantlyei aa tl ee ldy:
At present we have a multitude of people in
Tt
employedohwen sd
eo
inn l
demand
ndd halfff
oe
while the supply could not be immediately :I.f ebfdoe'ot td
in-
creased. That demand would undoubtedly stimu-
late the exertions of the agriculturist in distant
Poland and Hungary; but why should it not have
the same effect on the agriculturists of England ?
The value of what the manufacturers produce
gives value to agricultural produce, and the
more our manufacturing produce is increased, the
greater will be the value and the greater the de-
mand for agricultural produce, including that of
England. There would be no diminution what-
ever of employment in Kent by increasing em-
ployment in Lancashire.
The Post doethe agricaiturists of d
g Au a
great injustice ivirenit suppoSes that they do not
possess advantages in
_the production of corn
similar to those which our people have over
other countries in the production of manufac-
tures. They do. They are skilful as agricul-
turists,
have excellent machinery and imple-
ments, and powerful cattle. Except the Bel-
gians, from whom Nye cannot get food, as they
consume all they produce, our agriculturists are
the most skilful in the world. They have more
advantages in producing corn than the serfs of
Hungary or the boors of Russia; and on the ad-
mission of the Post, that it would not ask for
Corn-laws if our people had these advantages,
we ask it to become a Corn-law repealer.
The Post is apprehensive that the repeal sal
the Corn-laws would injure the home market
for our manufactures, but it does not explain
how. The people would have more food, there
would be more of them, and they would want
more clothing and more instruments. There is
no reason suppose that a grain of corn less
would be grown in the country, or a head of
cattle less fattened to supply a greater number
of people; but the corn and the cattle of the
agriculturists constitute the real market for the
manufacturers' produce, and that market would
be extended just in proportion as the supply of
food was increased. We can assure the Post,
henceforth a brother repealer, that the home
market for our manufactures would be much in-
creased by the abolition of the Corn-law.
We are described as labouring under a delu-
sion when we stated that " one labourer is,
by his produce, the market for another."
Yet the Post admits the truth of the statement
if the labourer be employed, but it fears an ac-
cumulation of unemployed labourers from allow-
ing the capitalists of the manufacturing districts
to employ more labourers. Another most
groundless fear! It is quite " enough in our
complicated state of society that we have people
who are capable of supplying each other's
wants," if the Legislature does not interfere to
prevent them; while the Post's supposition that
" Government must supply the means and the
inducements, restrictions here, encouragements
there," is contradicted by all experience. The
interference of Government with trade has been
so often proved to be noxious, that the person
who now advocates it must be destitute of the
most elementary kntiwiedge of the science of
production. By what patent right can the Le-
gislature tell how the different classes of indus-
trious men can obtain the greatest rewards for
their labour ? -If it know not that, why should
it restrict some, and encourage others ? Facility
of Production depends on division of labour—and
division of labour depends on the number of the
people—for where there is only one person, he
must do everything for himself. Now, the
number of
people depends on the quail-

If we are not misinformed, some of the evi-
dence given before the Committee which is sit-
ti: g to inquire into the exportation
will throw light on this quest
that the artizans of England'', and will prove
would not go
abroad if the Corn-laws were
repealed' but they
go now because they find their labour
better re-
waAlcd abroad than at home, and more
maiid:.. In fact, if we are to considein de-
r lab
performed within the political jurisdiction of our
fo-
reign countries as foreign labour, and labour
performed within the jurisdiction of Our autho-
rities as home labour, and if the repeal of the
Corn-laws would keep our artizans at home
by finding employment for them here, it
follows that restriction .on trade, including.tile
Corn-laws, diminish employment at home,
whether they do or do not encourage employment
abroad.
That disposes, we think, of the objection of
the Post, that " free trade," or in other words,
the unrestricted right to employ foreign labour

TEIE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, MARCH 26, 1841

tity of food; and the Government, not being
a producer of food, every interference by
it takes something - from the producer, and
appropriates that to non-production which
he would devote to re-production. Every inter-
ference, consequently, of government with trade,
lessens the quahtity of food in the world, lessens
the number of people, lessens the facility of pro-
duction,' and decreases the amount of wealth and
the sum of human happinesS.

We have made more observations than we in-
tended. We have written a very long article in
reply to two short ones; but we have the cause
at heart, and thought it due to our Contemporary
not to leave any of his objections, so far as we un-
derstand them, unnoticed and unrefuted. If we
can gain over or silence the Post we shall de-
prive our opponents of an honest, if not a skilful,
advocate.

The whole of the Paris Journals of Wednes-
day have reached us. The Moniteur has the
following telegraphic despatch from Bayonne :

BAYONNE, MARCH 23.
•
" THE SUB-PREFECT TO THE MINISTER, OF THE INTERIOR,

" The opening of the Cortes took place on the 19th. Es-
partero was not present at it. There was no speech. Madrid
is perfectly tranquil."
he debate in the Chamber of Peers on the
Fortifications Bill engrosses the whole .attention
of the Journals. The best speeches against
the Bill were made by the Baron de BRIG ODE,
and Count MOLE. The former made a severe
attack upon the late Cabinet. The following ex-
tract from his speech created quite a sensation in
the Chamber:—
The idea of converting a large city like P.ris into a for-
tified town, was, in his opinion, a chimerical project. Indeed,
the Government itself admitted this, and therefore stated
that it was not intended to make of the capital a fortified
town subject to the laws and regulations of other fortified
places, but the construction of a bastioned wall or enclosure
would really be attended with all the inconvenience at-
tached to fortified towns in general, and it was frightful to
consider the anxiety and_ alarm in case of real danger of
a large population like that of Paris thus cooped up.
If Paris were to be entered by an invading army after a re-
gular and obstinate resistance behind the proposed fortifications,
it must expect to be treated with a 1 the horrors of war. To
adopt the present Bill would, he contended, be nothing less
than passing a Bill of indemnity in favour of the Cabinet of Ist
of Alarch. This alone should make them pause. lhe Peers
should also reflect on the flagrant violation of all constitutional
principles that was apparent in this affair." Thirteen millions
hal been appropriated without their consent, and purchases of
land continued to he made, and works to go on, without deign-
ing to ask the Peers whether they approved of the expense or
not. In fact the Chamber was treated as if it had nothing to
do with the affair.—( Sensation.) And what was the pretext
under which the fortifications of Paris had been resolved upon
by the late Cabinet? The Treaty of July 15. One hundred
and forty millions of the public money were to be expended
becatve a Treaty had been made by Four Powers, which, but.
for the refusal of France, would have been made by five. This
was the Cabinet, tco, which called itself parliamentary, and yet
which passed over the Parliament on a question of expenditure
as if it had no right of control..
. Count MOLE took the same view of the ques-
tion. The following brief extract from his speech
will serve to show the spirit in which it was con-
ceived : •
What could be more unreasonable than to surround the
flourishing city of Paris with a wall of circumvallation, dis-
figure it with 2,000 pieces of cannon, and this in the midst-of
profound peace, and the assurance of -friendly relations with all
Europe. By thus imprisoning liberty, their greatest happi-
ness, what result did they expect? He felt convinced that
the consequences would be most injurious, not only to their
finances, but to the progress of civilization, the arts, sciences,
&c., and create a feeling of distrust and jealousy in surround-
ing States. The Government would go on from precaution
to precaution, from distrust to distrust, so as at last to make
war appear inevitable by the number of warlike preparations.

The Chamber of Deputies was occupied on
Wednesday with the Law of Copyright. Only
half of the first article was adopted. The second
was referred back for tile reconsideration of the
Committee.

The Journal elu Havre announces, on the authority of
letters from Guadelonges, that the town of Mayognez, one of
the most flourishing in Poito Rico, has been destroyed by fire.
This deplorable misfortunehappened on the 20th of January
lest, and in spite of the most extraordinary efforts the whole
town, except about fifteen houses, was destroyed, and also
15,000 cwt. of coffee, which was kept in the warehouses in
expectation of higher prices. Only the houses and warehouses
on the beach escaped the disaster.
The Sphinx steamer, which arrived at Toulon ou the 18th,
touched at Mahon, where there were an American ship-ofrthe-
line and a frigate, the Victorieuse corvette, and the Cerbere
steamer. After leaving Mahon the Sphinx met the. Grondeur
with the Duke of Aumale on board, and the Phaeton with the
mail.—Le Commerce.

BOURSE.-PARIS,WEDNESDAY, MARCH 24.

_
First Highelit Lowest Last
Price Price. Pricy. Price
French 5 per Cents ....... ll2 ... 112 5 ... 111 95 ... 111 95
454 per Cents lOl 50 ... 101 50 ... 101 50 ... 101 50
4 per Cents 9B 50 ... 98 IR ... 98 50 .., 98 50
3 per cents 77 50 77 60 ... 77 40 ... 77 40
-tank of trance
Liftitte Bank I,ooot. Sh 1055 ...1055 ...1055 ...1035
5000 f. Stares 51(5 ...5105 .4165 ...5165
gelgian Bank
5 i.er Cents lOl% ~. 101% ... 101% ... 101%
New Loan 191% ... 1.2 ... 101% ... 102'
ipanish Active 244 ... 24% ... 244 ... 24%
Passive 5% ... 5% ... 5% ... .5%
Neapolitan lO3 ... 103 ... 112 90 ... 10? 90
Roman
RAILWAY SHARES.

Versailles,R. B 392 50 ... 392 50 ... 390 ... 390
L.B. 331 ... 310 ... 310 ... 310
Orleans . 483 75 ... 483 75 ... 483 75 ... 483 75
Strasburg to Bale 2Z ... 236 25 ... '.35 ~. 235
DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTERDAM, MARCH 23.
Money. tints.
tetual Debt, 2% per Cent
Jitto, ditto 5 per cent.
Ann:at Syndic,4% per cent B3 833 y
Ditto, ditto, 3;4 per cent 7IU • 72
Commercial Company, 434 per cent 1( 3% 1641 A
Ditto (1835 and 1837) 5 per cent. —
Loan 1837, 5 per cent. 95% 95%
Exchange on London One month l2 05
' Two months
Dutch Papers, March 24.
BELGIAN k UNDS—BnISeELe, MARCH 23
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cant 99
Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent. B9
---- S per Cent ...... -..—
----Thirty.seven------- .. ...... 70
(1.240) 99
Loan of City, 1832, 4 per Cent BB3{
Society of Commerce, 434 per Cent lO2
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent...... .......
• National Society . —
Exchange on London (short)
—Brussels Papers, March 23.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS....VIVINA, MARCH 15
Five per Cents. Metalliques
Font' per Cents. 93%
Three per Cents.
Bank Shares
..Allgemeine Zcitung, March `..0
HAMBURG BORSENHALLE, MAncit 20.
Bills. Money
Austrian 5 per Cents.
Bank Share. ...
Anglo-Russian Loan 10634 10614
Russian 5 per Cent. Ist series, Ccrtilicate
Inscription, Ist Se•ies. 10134
Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co. 3d and 4th
___.

Series ' n - - ORB
Ditto in Certificates
Dutch Actual Debt, 2!,', pc: Cent 49
Ditto b per Cent ....
PoliYh Bonds
New : icket
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent 13% 738
N.,i wegian Loan, 1834, 4 per Crnt....... ......
Spanish. New 5 per Cents. lBl4 _
EXCHANGES ON LONDON.
PETERSBURGII, MARCH ll—Two months, 3SA. pence.
STOCKHOLM. MARC'! 12.—Seventy-five days, 11. 43.
CHRISTIANIA, MARCH 10 —Three months, 4 CO.
ritussiAN FUNDS.•-•BERLIN, MARC!! 20.
Bills, Money
St. Schuld. Sch., 41,,, per cent. IOI% , 1(.34
Prussian Enghsh Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 100% 100%
1i: x 0 I:, iv eon London, three months 6lt %
—Prussian Slate Gazelle. March 21.

Madrid Papers, of the 17th inst., have come to
hand. They bring no news. The Five per
Cents. were at 27A- for cash, and 27i for 60 days.

The Sun of Tuesday last announced the near
termination of negotiations among,o9. .Five
Powers for the ratification of a neWCovention
guaranteeing the pacification of the East. This
convention has received the san'etion of the
French Government, and will be signed as soon
as the diplomatists have settled a preliminary
point of form. It guarantees the independence
of Turkey, and authorizes the SULTAN to close
the Straits of the Dardanelles against vessels of
war of all nations. With these facts before us,
we are not disposed to place much reliance upon
the following report, which we find in a Frank-
fort paper received this morning, dated the
17th inst:—

According to a report lately arrived at Paris, and addressed
to a great personage, new and great difficulties have arisen in
the affairs of the East, which had almost come to a conclusion.
The confirmation of the news that tl.e Viceroy intends to retire
from public life, and to abdicate in favour of Ibrahim, causes
a great sensation. The first news was brought to this city by
a courier from Paris. It has had some effect on 'Change.

Dr. Chalmers, Candlish, and Co, commonly
called the rebellious, pr non-intrusion party in
the Scotch Church, are getting every day deeper
and deeper into troubled waters. All their efforts
for the last six months to force one of their clan
into the Old Church parish in Edinburgh, have
been signally defeated by a majority of 17 to 10
in favour of a clergyman who preaches obedience
to the laws. The Lord Provost, the lay cham-
pion of non-intrusion, has been rejected a second
time as candidate to represent time city in the
General AsseMbly, no other Chief Magistrate in
the history of Edinburgh having before been re-
fused the honour. Dr. Chalmers was defeated
by Dr. Hill in the contest for the Divinity Chair
at Glasgow; and Mr. Candlish, but the other
day, had the mortification to learn that his ap-
pointment to another chair was annulled because
he disobeyed the laws. These are all strong
symptoms of the returning good tense of the
Scotch people.
No official despatches were received by the
Patrick Henry from the United States. The reply to the
communication sent by the President may be expected to-
morrow. We are informed that an impression prevailed
in the best-informed quarters in the States, that M‘Leod
would be liberated upon the communication of Mr. Fox's
instruct ion P.— Morning Paper.
Silver coin and bullion shipped at Dover from
March 17 to March 23, a►counted to 91,000 ounces ; gild
500 ounces.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.)

LONDON, 1112.acti 26.—Wind this day at noon—Light
breeze from S. to S.W., with fine weather.
DEAL, Mnac.n 25.—Wind S.S.E. to S.S.W.—Arrived
from the River and sailed, the Charlotte, Forrester, for Sydney ;
William Salthouse, Burn, Quebec ; Elya, Oressa, Newfound-
hod ; Post Boy, Loverny, St. Michael's ; Baltic, Detcham,
Cadiz ; Braganza, Lisbon. All the outward b.und, except
the Shatheden for Port Phillip ; Symmetry, Ceylin ; Union,
Mauritius; Houghton le Spring, Demerara; Camillus, ditto,
have sailed. _

FALMOUTH, MARCH 24.—Wind S.W., fresh breezes.—
Arrived the Sultana, Probyn, from Mauritius, much strained,
with rudder injured, and cargo supposed to be damaged, having
been struck by a sea on the Bth off the Azores. Sailed the
Louvre, Penhallow, for Antwerp ; Devonshire, Mills, Dublin,
and put back with damage to machinery.
PORTSMOUTH, MARCH 25.—Wind variable.—Arrived the
Independence, from Bahia, sailed the 29th January ; Media-
tor, Chadwick, London, and sailed for New York ; Ballina
Lass, Limerick. Sailed her Majesty's shin Tweed, Bermuda,
COWES, MAncri 25.—Sailed the Daniel Webster, Manson.
for Hamburgh. The flerstel6ng, from Amsterdam to Smyrna,
put-in here yesterday, and is discharging her cargo.
SALCOMBE, MA actr 24.—Arrived the Victoria, Osborne,
from Terceira, sailed the 16th inst. The Myrtle, of Plymouth,
was driven on shore at Terceira" during a gale on the 7th.
Crew saved. The Louisa was totally lost same day, crew
saved. Two Portuguese schooners were lost at the same time.
BRISTOL, MARCH 25.—Sailed the Fanny, Rote, for Bar-
badoes ; Caroline, Brooks, Tobago ; Elizabeth, Simpson,
Boston ; African Queen, Dyer, Africa.
SWANSEA, MARCH 25.—Arrived the Alexander Robinson,
Oliver, from Cuba.
PENZ A NCI,. -MAncir 24.—The Man, Stewart, from Cardiff
to Constantinople, was br.ught in here this morning, with
apparently very little damage to her hull; all her spars, rig-
gine., sails, &c., were cut away, when her masts went by the
board.

TENur, MARCH 24.—The Letitia, from Newport to Ma-
laga, arrived here this morning a perfect Ivied:, having lost
both her masts, bowsprit, bulwarks, &c., having been run foul
of by a ship on the 19th.
Mir.Foun, MARCH 24.—The Arethu'a, from Shields to
Madeira, put in here to-day with loss of bulwarks, hiving been
in contact with a schooner, supposed to be French, on the
15th instant.

DUIILIN, 111 A RCH 24.—Arrived the Industry, Clyde, for
Rotterdam, leaky, having been on the Glasgorman Bank.
KINGSTOWN, MA RCH • 24.—Arrived. the Concord, from
Gibraltar.

LlN'moor., ILtacir 25.—Wind, S. S.W.—Arrived the
Otterspool, Calcutta ; Columbine, Domingo ; Islam, Inosphan,
I3arbadoes ; Lyons, New Orleans • Mary, ditto • Trenton, Sa-
vannah. Sailed the Elizabeth, Robinson,
obinson, Rio Grande ; Ann
Badon, Blaxton, Lima; Black Prince, ditto; FloTters of Ugie,
Osman, Calcutta ; Elizabeth, Rio Janeiro ; Cabinet, Sormell,
Havanna; Brigand, Aniigua ; Corsair, Mobile ; Robert Bruce,
New York • Thomas Bennet, ditto ; St. Lawrence, ditto ;
Stadacona, !Montreal ; Chariot, Fairlam, ; largaret
Newfoundland. Arrived off the Eliza Johnson, Pernambuco;
Durmath, New Orleans; Jona, ditto.

iRAMSC ATE, MARCH 25.—Arrived the Aurora, from Tarra..-
gona to Rotterdam, put in here leaky ; was discharged and re-
pairing. Sailed, the Europe, Malta.
• OFF THE FORELAND, MARCH 25.—Arrived the Hindelais,
Nieman, Harlingen.

SHEERNESS, MAacit 25.—Arrived her Majesty's ship
Asia, from the Mediterranean.

CORK, MA ficir 23.—Arrived the Cambridge, from River
Plate, with loss of bulwarks, and cargo shifted, having been
struck by a sea on the 10th, in lon. 15 ; Waterville, Mills,
Aux Cayes sailed on the Bth, lost mainyard and sails split,
&c." Tourist, Driscoll, Tobago, sailed on the 31st Jan. with
rudder damaged. and loss of mainyard. Sailed the John Ho-
miny, Kendall, for Amsterdam • George Gordon, Sterling,
London ; Mahaica, Tennessee, ditto.
S HIELDS, MAncir 24.—Arrived the Morden, from Chris.
tiansand ; Bernard, Boston; Harlingen, Esperance, Forcher
Bergen.iThe Goddens, Steele, of Whitby, in being towed up the
river yesterday, capsized in a squall off Hebron Quay, and was
towed on shore, and expected to be righted this tide.
WHITBY, MARCH 24.—The Trial, of Goale, (coal laden)
strained so much whilst lying in this harbour, that she sunk.
The cargo is being got out f her.

THE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY.)

CORN EXCHANGE.

There have been small supplies of all descriptions of Grain.
The little Wheat at market sold slowly at Monday's prices.
Barley unvaried in value. The trade for Oats was not lively
at previous rates. There was only aslaek demand for Flour,