The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-27 00:00:00

INSURRECTION IN BULGARIA.

TRANSLATION OF AN OFFICIAL NOTE ON
THE LATE EVENTS IN BULGARIA, DRAWN
UP AT THE SUBLIME PORTE.
The disturbances lately got up in Nissa, Leskofska,
and that neighbourhood, was the work of certain unre-
flecting Christians, who, unmindful of the quiet and
personal tranquillity they enjoyed, foolishly took the
path of rebellion, and set out by -various odious and
tyrannical acts, which were followed by the murder of
respectable Mussulmans and Rayahs, inhabitants of
those districts. They next blocked up the highway,
menaced the castle of Nice, and sent their families
into Servia. In short, an end having been put to
all public confidence, and the respectable Rayahs
having, by written representations drawn up in due
form, prayed that measures might be resorted to to
punish the guilty parties, and ensure the return of
the previously existing tranquillity, deputies were sent
to remonstrate with the rebels, to invite them to sub-
mission, and to assure them that their wishes, whatever
they were, should be made known to the Government, in
order that a suitable arrangement in their favour might
take place. They, however, refused to lis ten to all such
remonstrances, seized the deputies, loaded them with
chains and subjected them to a series of indignities, in
consequence of which it became absolutely necessary to
send against them a body of Albanian troops. for th(
purpose of restoring order. These deplorable events
occurring within the space of a few days, there was no
time for the Government to march regular troops to the
spot. On the receipt at Constantinople of the report
sent on the affair, the authorities had no choice but at
once to attack and punish the rebels. The Albanians used
for this purpose were not content with doing so according
to the law of nations, but with their accustomed turbu-
lence and indiscipline they, very much to the regret of the
Sultan, had the audacity to burn the villages, plunder
property, take captives, and otherwise behave in a most
disgraceful manner. When this' unhappy occurrence
came to the knowledge of his Highness, it was a source
of the deepest sorrow to him, for although in every
country the punishment of rebels is a matter of imperious
necessity, still the firing of villages, the plundering of pro-
perty, and the taking of captives were altogether con-
trary to law and civilized practices. It was of course
indispensable first to put the rebels completely down,
and Yacoub Pacha, the Governor of Adrianople, was
instructed to repair to the spot and effect this without
bloodshed. One of the high officers of the Porte
was at the same time especially charged to see that the
property and captives taken by the Albanians, were im-
mediately restored.
Certain malicious persons having spread reports that
the rebellion was the result of the tyranny and injustice
of the local authorities and their bad administration, the
facts are stated in order that it may be seen that there is
no foundation whatever for such rumours. The truth of
the matter is as above described—viz., a disorderly set
among the Rayahs themselves, of the districts alluded
to, pretending to represent the feelings of the whole
Christian population, presented here and there (i. e. not
to the Government) petitions with a view of justifying
their conduct, obtaining sympathy in their favour,
and furthering their own ends, and were exeeed-
ingly active in making statements totally at variance
with facts. Supposing even that the authorities under
whom they were placed had, by their conduct, indisposed
the population towards the Porte, and that the taxes
were heavier than could be borne, was it not reasonable
that before they had recourse to rebellion, they should
have presented their case to the Government ? Should
they not, at least once before revolting, have laid the
matter before the Porte and seen whether their demands
were granted or not ? They did not, however, per-
form this duty ; their very first step was rebellion, they
pointed their muskets at the authorities, as well as at
respectable Mussulmans and Rayahs, and by: assassination
and sundry other atrocities disturbed the peace and
tranquillity of the country. Was not this acting con-
trary to all obedience and subjection ?
The hatti-scheriff of Gulhane is ample proof that his
Highness the Sultan has, from the commencement of his
reign up to the present moment, devoted himself to
ameliorate the condition of every class of his subjects,
se as to increase their individual happiness. The very
principle and basis of that document is the security of
persons and property—the preservation of the honour
and reputation of all his subjects without distinction. These
sacred rights are now shared equally by all. When-
ever any of the authorities have acted contrary to the
principles consecrated in the hatti-scheriff alluded to,
they have, without loss of time, been brought to trial,
and punished. Sabri Pacha, the Governor of Nice, hav-
ing been remiss in some respect, although many of the
statements in the petition of the Rayahs on the subject of
his conduct are palpable exaggerations, or altogether
false, the undoubted inventions of a few evil-disposed
men, whose sole object was to excite and exasperate the
public mind ; yet as some of them are to a certain extent
true, it has been judged proper that a suitable examina-
tion should take place. For this purpose, and particu-
larly on account of his inability to restrain the Alba-
nians, and put a stop to their abominable proceedings
when he employed them to reduce the insurgent Rayahs,
his Highness has been pleased to remove him from his
post, and has ordered him to Constantinople to take his
trial ; and Lieutenant-General Ismet Pacha, a man cele-
brated for his protection of the people, has been ap-
pointed to his place, with the strictest instructions to
attend to his duty with respect to the protection of the
subjects of the Porte under all circumstances. He has
been further ordered to look to the adjustment of the
causes which served as a pretext for the late insurrection.
The strongest injunctions have, moreover, been sent to
all the authorities throughout the empire, to be careful
in protecting the Christian population, and in preserving,
in fact, their honour and reputation. Besides that his
Highness, determined to shield all his subjects from the
effects of every sort of injustice and suffering, has sent a
suitable sum of money to be distributed among the inha-
bitants of the Tillage of Raili, who had never joined the
rebels, to indemnity them for the wrongs and losses they
experienced from the Albanians.
From the above details it will be perceived by every one
who reads the statement with attention and impartiality
(conscience), that the sole origin of the insurrection was
the turbulence of certain unreflecting and refractory Ray-
ahs; that although very improper and deplorable conse-
quences were the result,theyproceeded,from causes not only
beyond the control of the Porte, but entirely against its
wishes ; and that such steps were immediately taken to
repair the evil as were dictated by prudence and justice ;
facts shown by the official documents of the Govern-
ment. There is no foundation whatever, therefore, for
the vague rumours disparaging the reformed regulations
of the Porte, to which certain foreign newspapers have
given currency. The determination of the Government
to pursue its reforms, is placed beyond the reach of
doubt, and it is hoped that persons of sense and impar-
tiality will not give credit to the malicious statements
circulated to the contrary effect.

MANUFACTURES AND AGRICULTURE—
THEIR PAUPERISING PROPERTIES COMPARED.—The fol-
lowing piece of information, extracted from the Inquiry
into the Condition of the Hand-loom Weavers, is im-
portant at this time, wh3a the value of the manufacturing
interest is being run down by the Tory press :—" The
most pauperised counties of England are not the manu-
facturing, but the agricultural counties ; and it is re-
markable that our best corn lands are more pauperised
than the grazing districts. In the corn-growing coun-
ties of Bedford, Buckingham, Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk,
and Hertfordshire. the Poor's-rat for the year ending
March 25th, 1837, averaged Bse . 6id. per head. In
manufacturing Lancashire, the Poor's-rate amounted to
but 2s. 9d. per head ; although Lancashire had not, up
to that time, enjoyed the benefits of the economical ar-
rangements of the Poor-law Amendment Bill, which had
been carried into effect in the agricultural counties.
Lancashire, moreover, supports a population of 1,336,854
persons, equal to the combined population of the whole
of the six counties named." And yet in the face of all
this, the fools and knaves of Toryism would have the
people believe that a free trade with foreign nations'
by which manufactures in England would be encouraged,
by which wages, from the greater demand for labour,
would be increased, and pauperism, as shown above,
diminished—they would make the world believe if they
could, that such a free trade would be the greatest curse
that could befal the country.—Gateshead Observer.
JONATHISM.--A traveller by one of the lines
of railway went so fast, that on stopping to water it
took three minutes for the shadow to overtake the train.
A fellow who wrote a wretched band, and
made almost as bad a fist at spelling and grammar, gave
as an excuse for the deficiencies of education, " that he
never went to school, but one afternoon, and then his
master wasn't there.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS

FROM THE MORNING PATERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.—We shall not imitate those who enter into
discussions upon the personal composition of a Cabinet
yet unformed ; yet we gladly avail ourselves of the op-
portunity which that circumstance affords to make one
or two observations upon the great importance of a con-
sistent selection of individuals for office. The country
looks much, and justly, to the characters of individuals,
and does not sympathise with the doctrine which draws
a broad line of distinction between public and private
morality. The nation, of course, is not to be deprived of
the services,of men of pre-eminent talents, mere I be-
cause the malignity of faction has endeavoured to
blacken their names with imputations whieh have been
refuted as often as the opportunity of refutation has
been given : much less is every passage in the pri-
vate life of every candidate for office to be submitted to
an inquisitorial scrutiny. But no Minister ought
to expect the people to place confidence in men
whom he does not himself esteem. Above all things, we
should regret to see a Conservative Minister following
the example of the Whigs, in making exceptionable ap
pointments to posts of distinction about the Court and
Household of the Sovereign. But we are entitled to as-
sume that the offices of state will be filled by suitable
persons. We pass, therefore, from such considerations,
to the more momentous question of the course of policy
which the new Cabinet will follow. Sir Robert Peel, in
that passage of his Tamworth speech to which we have
more than once had occasion to refer, described the Con-
servative party as being, on the one hand, " not dis-
posed to resist such changes as the altered circum-
stances of society may require ;" and, on the other,

" determined to maintain on their ancient foundations
the institutions of the country in church and state."
A neglect to discriminate between questions of ex-
pediency and questions of principle was one of the
weaknesses of the old Tory party, of which the Con-
servatives have now happily disencumbered themselves.
This line ought to be clearly drawn, for the sake both of
the character of statesmen and of the public interest.
Upon a question of expediency, what is unwise, and
therefore wrong, at one time, may be wise, and therefore
right, at another ; and a sagacious politician will be
more consistent in changing his course according to cir-
cumstances, than in persevering doggedly in one in-
flexible line of action. Such variations of policy cannot
be disgraceful to any man. The only effect of con-
founding them with matters of principle would be to
place statesmen in a false, and ultimately untenable,
Pr

Asition. Upon questions of principle, what is right
once is right always, and change is inconsistency,
and inconsistency dishonour. When Sir Robert Peel
stated that the Conservatives were "not disposed to resist
such changes as the altered circumstances of society
might require," he pledged the Conservative party,
or himself as its leader, to allow considerations of ex-
pediency their full weight in all practical questions,
and to follow no rule, except that of common sense and
an enlightened and disinterested regard for the public
interest, in adjusting the machinery of our laws and in-
stitutions to the functions which they may from time to
time be required to fulfil. This, then, will he the Con-
servative principle. in the variable matter of politics,—
constant improvement, development of useful tendencies,
retrenchment of inconsistencies or impediments to good,
accommdation to the progress of society, submission to
the reasonable expectation of the people. By this rule
they will act in questions of trade and commerce ; in
financial reforms and legal reforms ; in poliee and sana-
tory regulations ; in the secondary parts of questions,
such as the Poor-law and the laws relating to the Parlia-
mentary franchise, and indeed in the practical details of
every question. They will never compromise their free-
dom of judgment upon such subjects by laying down the
course which expediency may dictate as fit to be pur-
sued at one moment, as if it were an immutable law, to
be followed in every possible event.

CHRONICLE.—Among the delinquencies of the
Whigs, for which they will be severely overhauled when
they shall come to give an account of their stewardship,
surely the most unpardonable in a Churchman's eyes will
ever be considered the extermination of two Arch-
bishops and eight suffragans from the roll of the Irish
Church. The Quarterly Review may, in mincing phrase,
prate about " the enormous folly of the Reform Bill ;"
but here is a proof of its enormous iniquity ; and to
whom are the thanks of the Christian world due for so
flagitious an inroad upon the true faith of the Beres-
fords ? By the mass, to Lord Stanley. We shudder
to record it. His " prentice hand" it was that knocked
off the heads of two metropolitans, and rendered the
divine right of translation almost an impossible thing.
Doubtless he has, at least within these three weeks,
repented in sackcloth and ashes, of having dealt
such a heavy blow and sad disCouragement to
the Christian world ; but of what avail are his
tears if they cannot make a Bishop of Ferns ? Who
cares for his repentance while nepotism no longer flou-
rishes upon the Rock of Cashel ? Small comfort are the
Noble Lord's afterthoughts to the Murrays, o!Sullivans,
and Elringtons, when they see three or four Nonagena-
rians ready at this moment to soar aloft to heaven, whose
bishoprics no other man can take. There is Dromore
doomed to be no more; Kilmore, like Macbeth, fated to
perish without a successor ; Kildare to merge in Dublin;
and Clogher—honoured name—to be swallowed up in
Armagh. Alas, the glory of the Church has departed, and
the younger sons' portion, so affectingly bewailed by 1)r.
Boyton, is, together with his own honest expectations, in-

fed inStanley's Bill. But there is worse Than this. The

Tiishops that are left are overworked, and soon it will be a
difficult matter to find any divine so reckless of his own
ease and enjoyment as to accept a mitre ; whilst already
it has been found that an archbishop's functions are too

much for any poor sinner's shoulders. The following
pathetic paragraph appears in a Church and State Jour-
nal. We need not bespeak the condolence of our readers

For the illustrious sufferers :

" The triennial visitation now imposed imon the only two
remaining archbishops of the Established Church must bear
very hard upon those dignitaries, viz., his Grace the Lord
Primate, and the Archbishop of Dublin ; the whole kingdom
being divided between them."
Can anything be harder than this—to go once in
three years through half the cathedral towns of the limd,
and to consume six good wholesome forenoons in holding
as many visitations during that period ! 'Tis " a load
would sink a navy." We are not surprised that his
Grace of Armagh has found it necessary to go to the
Continent, after the fatigues of the London season, in
order to recruit his strength a little, before he enters
upon so onerous an undertaking. But we trust he will
be able to go through it with the spirit of a martyr.
POST.—Some of the beaten Whig-Radical party ap-
pear even now to labour under the hallucination that
they have exhibited considerable virtue as politicians,
and have done great things for the country. This is
most preposterous. Perhaps they will lay claim by and
by to honesty of principle and consistency of action.
When people lose their senses, whether from defeat or
any other cause, there is no limit to the extravagance of
which they may be guilty. At the present moment they
complain that we Conservatives give them no credit for
their " great and glorious victories over ancient preju-
dices and false principles of legislation." It is very true
that we do not give them credit for any such thing, but
the reason is that we are not aware of any such " great and
glorious victories." We might suspect ourselves of want
of observation or forgetfulness in respect of these illus-
trious deeds, were it not that we find ourselves by no
means alone in our unconsciousness of their existence.
Indeed, from all the inquiries we have made it results
that no set of persons in this nation, save the obstinate
placeholders themselves, and the Parliamentary minority
which still adheres to them, has any notion that the
Whig-Radicals have done what they lay claim to. They
alone are conscious of their own merits and achieve-
ments, which is rather an inconvenient thing in a nation
where so much depends upon public opinion. It is net
the Conservative party merely which refuses to give
them credit for " glorious victories," but the Parliament
also. The House of Commons which was in their favour
gradually acquired a distaste for their management, and
finally reprimanded them. Then they persuaded them-
selves that the people were still charmed with them, and
they appealed to the people. But it turned out that the
people at large liked them even less than the House
of Commons, and had no objection to tell them so by acts
the most unequivocal. Does it never occur to the Whig-
Radicals that, if they really have achieved these " glo-
rious victories," it is the very strangest thing that ever
happened in political history that no one except them-
selves seems to be thankful for these victories, or even to
be in the slightest degree aware of them ? They would
do well to take some means of informing the public
when and where they performed those meritorious deeds
to which they refer. If they were known they might,
perhaps, form some excuse for that which now seems
inexcusable, namely, the adherence of these Whig-
Radicals to office in spite of the direct condemnation
which they have received from the House of Commons,
and subsequently from the electors of that House, to
whom they appealed.
ADVERTISER—Of all rebellions, says Lord Bacon,
the rebellion of the belly is the worst. Sir Robert Peel,
we doubt not, is already prepared to set his seal to the
truth of the position of the great philosopher. We pro-
mise him that before two months have elapsed his ex-
perience of its truth will be considerably increased.
Differences of opinion may have on various occasions
threatened a schism among the Tory party while brows-
ing (if, indeed, they could be said to have been browsing
at all) on the barren common of the Opposition benches;
but dissensions which had no other ground than this
could always, with an ordinary measure of tact, be
speedily healed. Vastly different is the case when the
substantialities of office are about to be distributed. The
eagerly-expectant candidate and clamourer for place,
who conceives—and what needy Tory, from Lord Lynd-
hurst down to Mr. Peter Borthwick, does not conceive?—
that he has a preferable claim, a pre-eminent right to a share
of whatever good things may be going, and yet is un-
successun-
successfulin his suit—may possess a marvellous facility
at forgiving any apostacy from Tory principles on the
part of the Right Hon. Baronet ; but to spurn the sup-
plicant of place from his door, or even civilly to refuse
to assist him, he will find to be a very different matter.
The sin of conceding Catholic emancipation, fearful as
was its magnitude, is nevertheless a pardonable sin ; the
crime of repealing the Test and Corporation Acts, though
a crime of the deepest die, may not only be, but has been
forgiven ; but the guilt of lending a deaf ear to the ear-
nest entreaties of supplicants for place, is precisely, in
Tory ethics, the unpardonable sin. What, then, can the
proximate Premier do in this extreme emergency? He who
could satisfactorily solve the problem, might well be regard-
ed as a man of transcendant Wisdom, Sir Robert himself must
be painfully puzzled on this point. The very magnitude
of his majority only adds to the number, and aggravates
the nature of his perplexities. Had the majority been
but half a dozen or a dozen, the unfortunate gentleman
would have found himself in a far better position than he
actually is with his vaunted majority of ninety ; for as
in that case the number of mendicant petitioners for
place would have been considerably less, there would
have been'a corresponding decrease in the disappoint-
ment. While, therefore, others of the Tory faction are
ignorantly giving vent to their unrestrainable exultation
at the extent of the majority of the Premier elect, we are