The Sun.
London, England, 1847-09-27 00:00:00

vning PATAX,

LONDON, MONDAY. SEPTEMBER 27, 1847.

Honour to LEHARDI DE BEAULIEU, the originator
of the Free-trade Congress recently assembled at
Brussels. It is by the friction of discussion that
eiery measure of national amelioration has been ob-
tained. Caprice never destroyed enactments calcu-
lated to be injurious to the multitude. Magna
C'harta was not the result of caprice ; the Bill of
Bights was not the result of caprice; Habeas Corpus
was not the result of caprice; neither was the Relief
Bill of 1829, nor the Parliamentary Reform of 1832,
nor the Emancipation Act of 1834, nor the Municipal
Corporation Bill of 1835, nor the Abolition of Pro-
tection in 1846. Whenever or wherever the abuses
of a constitution have been removed, the removal has
invariably been preceded by reflection and discussion.
Formerly these preliminaries may have been latent,
it is true ; but that constitutional improvements have
been invariably prefaced by debate and contemplation
is undeniable. Even when the advantage has been
assured by a coup de main, that coup de main has
been merely the sequence of an intellectual struggle.
When ROBERT FITZWALTER, aided by STEPHEN
LANGTON and the Barons, awed the royal caitiff, on
the field of Runnymede, into a concession of the
popular prerogatives, that overt act of intimidation
was simply the consequence of many profound and
protracted deliberations. When the Earl of SaAr.
TESBURY, in 1679, won for himself the lenient consi-
deration of posterity by being principally instru-
mental in the passage of 31 Car. 11. c. 2—that
glorious statute which secures his personal liberty to
an Englishman !—the assent was only wrested
from the Merry Monarch after a prolonged con-
ference between both Houses of the Legislature.
Every one remembers, moreover, the extraordinary
and reiterated discussions which alone extorted from
Ignorance and Prejudice the five memorable reforms
effected since the commencement of the nineteenth
century. Every one remembers that the measure of
1829 was only acquired by such impassioned displays
of oratory as almost amounted to temptations to sedi-
tion—by respectful appeals that gradually soared into
authoritative demands—by electioneering strifes that
threatened a serious, if not a systematic, rebellion.
The measure of 1832, again, was the fruit of an agita-
. )n aroused by the eloquence of declaimers and the
arguments o f rhetoricians; it was a consummation
realised mainly by the rigid pertinacity of GREY, and
the dazzling orations of Baouortax. It was as much
the achievement of a congregation of illustrious la-
. bourers as the preceding innovation was the victory
of onelindividual—O'CoNNEnn, THE LinEßAToit. The
brilliant success of 1834—a success gained only by
the disbursement of 20,000,0001. sterling from the
national treasury—was in like manner the reward of
the most arduous and repeated advocacy : it was the
compensation at last afforded to the continual anxie-
ties and thwarted aspirations of CLARKSON and WIL-
BERFORCE. That the municipal reform of 1835 was
only carried by Lcrd JOHN RUSSELL, after a succes-
sion of the most wearisome disappointments ; and
that the commercial reform of 1846 was only carried
by Sir ROBERT PEEL, after disappointments still more
wearisome, because more repeated and overwhelming,
are facts which require no corroboration from the
pages of the Parliamentary historian, because they
are even now fresh in the recollection of our con-
tnriporaries. It is proved, therefore, by our own
experience as well as by the records of our ancestors
that constitutional reforms are only to be obtained by
serious inquiry and candid argumentation. Even, as

we have already instanced, in the days when feudality
effected changes at the point of the lance or at the
edge of the broadsword, those altera
tended to the happiness of the people were always
born of the intellect and nurtured by deliberation.
As it is from the effervescence of the tart juice ex-
pressed from the grape that the most generous wines
are concocted, so the crude thoughts of the legisla-
tive innovator have to be fermented by discussion
into the ripeness of actual reform. Honour, then,
we repeat, to M. LEHARDI DE BEAULIEU, the ori.
ginator of the Congres des Libres Echangistes at
Brussels !
No city could have been selected more suitable
than the capital of Belgium for the first assemblage
of this most important association, for assuredly no
seat of commerce could afford more conclusive evi-
dence than Brussels of the miseries resulting from
the effete system of commercial or agricultural pro-
tection. Thanks to Mr. COBDEN and Sir
ROBERT PEEL, we can now investigate the
deplorable operation of the protective system
upon the industry of our neighbours without
that distracting knowledge of our own subjection to
the like evils which hitherto embarrassed the inquiries,
and divided the attention of Englishmen. Having
released ourselves from the bondage of restrictive du-
ties we can the more dispassionately observe the
working of the old scheme of international commerce,
and can strive the more readily and effectually for
the emancipation of the other kingdoms, whether
manufacturing or agricultural. Besides which, it
must never be forgotten that self-interest incites us
to disseminate the doctrines of free trade. Now that
our insular ports are opening we must endeavour, for
our own sakes, as well as for the advantage of hu-
manity generally, to open the ports in the four con-
tinents. Receiving the produce of foreign nations
without subjecting it to exorbitant imposts, we must
strive to disclose to their rulers the advantage of a
reciprocal proceeding. Giving such freedom to our
importations we must, by diffusing the wisdom of
ADAM SMITH and Hustossow, facilitate the pur-
chase of our exportations. Sufficient evidence of the
rationality of free trade will be afforded in the lapse
of time by the prosperity of the British islands—a
prosperity resulting from the equalization of
all interests amongst its inhabitants. But it
is only in accordance with right reason to
make every exertion to anticipate that evi-
dence by argument, and to convince the judg-
ments of foreigners by our logic, rather than to wait
inertly to excite their avarice by our ulterior suc-
cesses. To do this only required the extension of
that plan of periodical disputation which was followed
by the renowned League, the establishment upon the
European Continent of an association similar to that
which, although of more restricted capacities, effected
such a stupendous but bloodless revolution within
the limits of the United Kingdom. This considera-
tion appeared so manifest to M. DE BEAULIEU, that
he plainly announced the necessity for an aggregate
meeting of Free-traders in one of the European capi-
tals, for the purpose_ of extending to the other king-
doms of Christendom the beneficent principles already
incorporated with the Constitutions of England and
Tuscany. Remembering, doubtless, the old legal
aphorism, quod non habet prineipium, non habet finem,
M. DE BEAULIEU so far impressed his contemporaries
with the necessity of propagating the doctrines sub-
versive of the incubus of Protection, that his notion
has been already realised ; and the Congress of Brus-
sels has taken that premier pas which, according to
the adage, comprises the chief difficulty of any un-
dertaking. And Brussels, as we have already ob-
served, was most appropriately selected for the
inaugurative assembly of free-trade delegates
from different territories ; for Belgium is
among the number of those commercial
states which have peculiarly suffered from
the erroneous policy of the monopolists—a policy
which, pretending to favour the enterprise, cripples
the industry of the community. Perhaps a more
emphatic testimony of the evil consequences of this
system could not be adduced than that mentioned by
Mr. MADAM, that by reason of the duties imposed in
1842 upon yarn; the e portation of Belgian linen,
from amounting to the value of 33,000,000 f. in 1838,
had decreased in 1846 to the value of 20,000,000 f.
Such is the Protection which the Congress of Brus-
sels has been convened to destroy ! Such is the insane
system which M. RITTINGHAUSEN and his associates
are solicitous to uphold !
The League, under the auspices of RICHARD
COBDEN, has afforded to the artizans of Great Britain
a positive immunity from the ills hitherto inflicted
upon them by the law for the exclusive satisfaction
of their taskmasters. The Congress may perform a
similar service for the artizans of Europe, and it may
do immeasurably more—it may realise the dream of
the most illustrious of the poets of the people. " I
have seen peace descend upon the earth," says BERAN-
GER, " sowing gold, and flowers, AND CORN. The air
was calm, avd she quenched the thunderbolts of the God
of Battle. Arise!' cried the Goddess, ' Arise !ye
equals in glory, men of France, of England, of Bel-
gium, of Russia, and of Germany! Arise,urseles a Holy
vye people,
and, hand, in hand, establish among yo
Alliance !' " Or, to give this noble vision in its ori-
ginal beauty :

" J'ei vu la Paix descendre sur la terre,
Semant de I'or, des flours et des
L'air etait calme, et du dieu de la guerre
Elle 6touffdit les foudres assoupis.
Ah! disait-elle, i•gaux par la vaillance,
Francais, Anglais, Beige, Russo, ou Germain,
Peuples, formez une sainte alliance,
Et donnez-vous la main!'"
Utopian as a dream like this might have appeared
when military campaigns were regarded as the only
means of acquiring greatness, it appears rational and
feasible to a generation animated by a feeling of
universal brotherhood. It was from a profound
conviction of this glorious truth that SURINGAR, a
gentleman of Holland, exclaimed the other evening
to the assembled Congress, " War is talked of as
probable, but I am satisfied that if Sovereigns are
foolish enough to think of the project, the people are
wise enough to prevent its execution." Onwards,
then, in your humanizing course, advocates of free
trade with all the world! Happier than ARCHIMEDES,
you have the power to move that world—morally.
You have the lever in your grasp and the ground
under your feet in Tuscany and England.

The Poor-law Commissioners have dissolved the
Lowtherstown board of guardians, pursuant to the
power vested in them under the 18th section of the
Irish Relief Extension Act, and the affairs of that
union are to be henceforward, or, at least, so long
as it may seem fit to the Commissioners, to be managed
by paid officers, who will, of course, forthwith be
appointed, and whose first act will be to strike a rate
sufficient to reimburse the Government the full
amount of the advances under the Temporary Relief
Act, the payment of which will be strictly and
speedily enforced. The late board did not repudiate
the whole of the debt, but they proposed to pay oae
moiety thereof by six annual instalments, and forth-
with to raise the first of these instalments. This,
however, the Commissioners have positively refused
to accept, and in the letter announcing the disso-
lution of the board, they have sharply censured the
members for their refusal to act in accordance with
their moral obligations, which the Commissioners de-
signate " as inconsistent with that honesty in pecu-
niary transactions which ought to be one of the
leading principles both of individuals and public bo-
dies." This lecture has, it appears, given the greatest
offence to the parties to whom it was addressed, and
a very strong reply has been returned, in which
they attack the Commissioners for having raised
the salaries of the Protestant and Roman Catholic
chaplains, without any reference to the board, for
having dismissed the master of the workhouse, not-
withstanding the remonstrances of the board ; and,
finally, for the present act by which they are dis-
solved, which acts they state " to be neither
courteous nor marked by that deference which
should be paid by the Commissioners to a board
composed of the persons most deeply interested in
the well-being of the union." And they add, that
" As to the letter accompanying the dismissal, their
unanimous opinion is, that the Commissioners have ex-
ceeded their duty in presuming to write to any
board of guardians their opinion of what moral
obligations, and of what honesty or dishonesty may
consist in, and, in doing so, have taken advantage of
their official position to use language to a public
board which, in a private capacity, they dare not use
, to them as individuals." Even this was not suffi•

ciently strong for one of the body, who added
a memorandum, to the effect " that he did
not consider it to go far enough in ex-
pressing his opinion of the arbitrary and
unjust proceedings of the Commissioners, nor of
the impertinent and unfounded statements in their
letters." In addition to the above, a memorial to the
Lords of the Treasury, calling their attention
to the correspondence and resolutions passed
relating to the matters at issue between the
Commissioners and the board, and giving it
as their opinion that "if the rate demanded ie
attempted to be levied in the present distressed state
of the country, a system of resistance (induced solely
by an inability) would be originated, which at a
future period it would be difficult to suppress ; and
calling upon their Lordships to decide that the mode
of repayment proposed is that best suited to the con-
dition of the country, and must likely to be attended
with success in the levying; and that they will be
pleased to direct the Poor-law Commissioners to act
accordingly."
Such is the present state of the contest, but we
regret to say that the spirit of insubordination is very
widely spread, and that similar example* will pro-
bably take place in very many parts of the country.
The Ennis corthy board have unanimously decided on
adhering to their previous resolutions, notwithstanding
the remonstrances and the threats of the Commis-
sioners, and the express intimation that their perse-
verance would be followed by their immediate disso-
lution. The Antrim board and several others have
also rebelled against the central authority; and despite
of the very fair and reasonable explanation given to
them as to the necessity for the appointment of
relieving officers in every union, even though out-
door relief should not be administered, many other
boards have positively refused to carry the directions
of the Commissioners into execution, and very few
indeed have evinced, or are likely to follow the prece-
dent set by the Nenagh board in withdrawing from
the contest into which they had entered. One of the
most remarkable features of the conflict in every part
of the country is that, with some few exceptions, the
chief and most strenuous opponents of the Commis-
sioners are the ex-officio guardians, the landed pro-
prietors, who thereby are considerably increasing the
difficulties of their position, while those elected by the
people, on the contrary, seem more inclined to accord
with the views of the Commissioners, or, at least, re-
frain from carrying on the battle to the extremity.
We deeply regret this untoward state of affairs,
and lament that a little more moderation and dis-
cretion has not been exhibited on all sides. The
law, although perfectly just, and calculated ulti-
mately to benefit all parties—the proprietors of
the soil as much as any others—and will at first
press with much severity on those whose proper-
ties are already deeply encumbered, and from whom
the portion that would be applicable for their own use
will be taken in order to meet the liability, and we
fear that a very large proportion of the landowners
will be placed in this unpleasant position. It is,
therefore, only fair to make some allowance for their
feelings, who believe, whether justly or otherwise,
that their ruin will be thereby effected. Any ground,
therefore, on which even the slightest appearance of
injustice or undue severity can be ascribed had better
be avoided. In a little time, too, all parties will see
the necessity for their zealous co-operation in
reducing the burdens to the utmost ex-
tent, by atlbrding adequate employment for
those who must otherwise be supported in idleness.
Many plans will undoubtedly be speedily brought
into operation for that purpose which cannot now be
made available. The weight, too, will be more
heavily felt at first, more particularly when following
a year of such unusual distress as that which has just
gone by. There is also much reason, notwithstanding
the bountiful harvest that has been gathered in, to
fear that much destitution will be manifested among
the poorer classes in consequence of the small quan-
tity of potatoes that were planted throughout
the country, to meet the exigencies of the
coming winter. The full amount of the expen-
diture necessary cannot be safely calculated.
There is, therefore, every reason why the Govern-
ment should not press at this moment for the
full amount of their claim, but be satisfied with a re•
cognition of its justice, and a partial payment on
account thereof. On the other hand, we have
already pointed out the dangers and the fatal conse-
quences that must ensue to the landlords themselves
from any general or organized resistance to the rates.
Even if it were practicable, they would be the chief
sufferers themselves, for it is impossible to suppose
that the example would not be speedily followed with
respect to their own rents. We sincerely trust that
some mutual concessions may terminate these very
unpleasant differences, and that all parties may again
be united for the benefit of Ireland, which so
urgently requires the cordial services of all her chil-
dren at this crisis.

Letters from Leghorn state that the people of that
city received with marks of great discontent the law
organizing the National Guard, which has just been
promulgated in Tuscany. A protest was drawn up,
and had received innumerable signatures, when the
Grand Duke appointed a committee, to propose such
modifications as might be deemed admissible. The
departure of the Duke of LUCCA continues to be the
subject of discussion, and the most contradictory re-
ports upon it are itt circulation. It was not without
great reluctance and regret that the young consort of
tha Hereditary Prince quitted Lucca. The Princess,
who is sister of the Duke DE BORDEAUX, accused
her father-in-law and husband of pusillanimity, and
strongly urged them to stay. It is deeply regretted
at Lucca that her councils did not prevail.

The Piedmontese Gazette of the 20th states that
the Duke of MODENA has ordered a cordon inilitaire
to be drawn along the frontier of Tuscany.
A letter from Rome, of the 19th, says :
" There is nothing of much novelty at Rome ;
everything is porfectly tranquil, as well as in all the
rest of the Pontifical States. Addresses of provinces
and towns pour in, and place everything at the dis-
posal of his Holiness, to enable it to be prepared for
events. At Ferrara things are still in the state in
which they were ten days ago. There has been
neither increase nor diminution in the garrison. But
the Austrians hold with firmness the positions which
they so brutally invaded. On his part the Holy
Father, and his excellent Secretary of State, Ferretti,
persist more firmly than ever in the attitude which
they have assumed with respect to the Austrian Ca-
binet. This firmness of the Government renders the
Romans prouder and more devoted than ever. In
short, never did a Government find itself in so advan-
tageous a position. Surrounded by the love and en-
thusiasm of his subjects, by an Italian population of
25,000,000 men, and by the admiration of the world,
the Pope has nothing to fear from his enemies. The
French squadron is still ire the Bay of Naples, ready
to proceed wherever need may require."
_ .

It is said that Prince METTERNICU offered the
POPE to leave the question of the occupation of Fer-
rara to the arbitration of France, which offer the
latter declined to entertain until after the evacuation
of the town.

According to letters from Bologna of the 17th
inst., some rioting took place in that city on the
previous day, on the occasion of the translation of
the banner, given to the inhabitants of Bologna by
thoseu of Florence, to the head-quarters of the Civic
e emigration, friendso f l‘l who
having failed in proo latelyurio g
h
returneduardT
from
his election as officer of the Civic Guard, loudly de-
nounced, in the coffee-house of the " Union," what
they called the ingratitude of his fellow-countrymen.
This statement was impugned by persons of the mo-
derate party, and such a scene of confusion arose that
the troops were obliged to interfere to restore order.
A letter from Venice, of the 16th, mentions a
rumour that Prince LUCIEN BONAPAUTE had been
ordered to leave Venice, in consequence of the exces-
sively liberal tone of his speech in the Scientific Con.
gress, and his eulogiums on the POPE. The same
letter states that the town of Venice has made a mag-
nificent present to the congress—of a description of
Venice in three volumes, got up with great elegance.
In addition to this, each member of the congress has
received a fine engraving of Venice and several books.
The Government intends to strike a medal with the
head of AlAuco POLO, in commemoration of the con-
gress.
Milan continued tranquil according to the last
accounts. This state of tranquillity is owing, it is
said, to the arrest of Count BoLza, a very influential
person in the high Austrian police. The matter took
place in this way. It is known how the rejoicings in
that city for the installation of the new Archbishop
, degenerated into quarrels with the police and the

troops, and how, each evening, these scenes were re-
peated. The Podesta, a mild and timid man, and up
to that time a partisan of Austria, being moved by
the general indignation, proceeded courageously to
the Governor's palace, and energetically represented
to him that the provocations and the brutality of the
agents formed by Count BOLZA, and sent by him
against the crowd, were the only cause of the deplora-
ble evils which had taken place; that the detestation
felt for the Count and his band could not be calmed
down but by a measure which would show that the
Government was not an accomplice in the Count's
excesses. On that condition, he promised that no
disorder should take place in the city, and he took
upon himself the responsibility of his promise. The
Governor acceded to the demand of the Podesta.
Count BOLZI was suspended, and the city remained
perfectly calm. The next day the Count was arrested
and thrown into prison.
A letter, dated Naples, Sept. 13th, says :
" The insurgents of Reggio have retired to Girace,
where they have fortified themselves. It is said that
their number has been considerably increased, and
that several of those who fled from Messina have
joined them. Two thousand of the royal troops are
in march to attack them. Numerous arrests are
being made at Messina, particularly among the
clergy. It is said that emissaries from the Young
Italy ' party at Malta, have sent a large sum of
money to Naples. The news received from La
Pouille are satisfactory. In the Abruzzias, on the
contrary, there is still great excitement. Several
squadrons of cavalry are to set off for that part to-
morrow. General Shadelen is in the neighbourhood
of Cosenza, where he is carrying on active opera-
tions. The number of the brigands is said to be dimi-
nishing."
It was rumoured in Paris, on Saturday, that the
insurgents had defeated the Royalist troops sent
against them, and had repossessed themselves of
Reggio.

A letter from Berne, of the 20th, says—" The
armament is still going on, and none but men in
military uniforms are seen in the streets of Berne.
About a hundred officers are assembled to practise the
profession of arms. Four companies of artillery have
been sent to Thun to practise firing. Business is
completely stagnant. The arrival of Lord MINTO has
made some sensation. After having conferred with
Mr. PEEL, he made a long visit to M. OCHSENEEIN,
President of the Confederation, who returned it a few
hours after. Lord MINTo took his departure this
evening for Turin and Rome."
The Canton of Zurich has demanded the dissolu-
tion of the Sonderbund, and has granted a consider-
able sum for placing the militia of the canton on a
war footing. Berne and Zurich are the most populous
and wealthy cantons in Switzerland, and can alone
bring into the field 40,000 men perfectly drilled,
armed, and equipped, and maintain them during two
months without any detriment to their finances.
The Austrian Envoy, Baron DE KAISERSFELD, con-
tinued to reside at Zurich, from whence he was
strenuously labouring to prevent the Governments of
St. Gall and the Grisons from instructing their
Deputies in the Diet, which is to meet on the 18th
of October, to vote in favour of the adoption of
coercive measures against the Sonderbund. There
was, however, very little probability of his attaining
that end. The French Ambassador, M. BOIS-LE-
ComTE, has undertaken a tour through the
French districts of the canton of Berne, to
ascertain if the population, which is entirely Ca-
tholic, would be disposed to side with their co-
religionists of the seven cantons of the League.
The Ambassador was to proceed thence to Lucerne,
with a view to moderate the warlike dispositions of
his friends. He would afterwards visit the primi-
tive cantons and sojourn some time at Zurich, where
he was to meet the representatives of Austria,
Russia, and Prussia, in order to consult with them
on the situation of Switzerland, and devise means of
counteracting the moral support given by the British
Cabinet to the Liberal cantons.

It is said that the Earl of MINTo repeated to the
President of the Directory, M. OCRSENBEIN, the as-
surances contained in Lord PALMERSTON'S dispatch
of last month, to the effect, that England would
oppose all intervention on the part of the foreign
Powers having for its object to prevent the con-
federation, either from introducing into its constitu-
tion the reforms it might deem necessary, or repressing,
by the means sanctioned by the federal compact, the
revolt of the Ultramontane League."

Intelligence from Lisbon to the 19th, and from
Oporto to the 21st, has been received by the steam-
ship Madrid, belonging to the Peninsular and
Oriental Company, which arrived yesterday at
Southampton. The split between the Cabralists
and the partisans of SALDANIIA is complete, while,
for electoral purposes, a coalition has taken place
between the Miguelites and Septembrists.
A grand meeting of the leading men of the
(quondam) Miguelite party took place some days
ago, at the Palacio Dourado. No less than two hun-
dred and thirty gentlemen assembled on the occasion.
Amongst them were the Counts POMBEIRO, BAR-
BACENA, BAHIA, and ST. LOURENCO; Viscounts
AZURARA, ESTREMOZ, SOUTO, DEBET ; Marquises
of PoMBAL and Borm. The subject of deliberation
was, whether they should give their support to the
Septembrist candidates in the approaching elections,
and it was decided in the affirmative. Subsequently
to the holding of this meeting, General Povoas, Bri-
gadiers GUEDES and BERNARDINO, and several other
Miguelite officers, who had fled to Vigo after the fall
of Oporto, returned to this city by the packet from
the north, for the avowed purpose of co-operating
with the Septembrists.

SaLpaimia, who has been appointed Ambassador to
Madrid, has declared his determination to remain in
Lisbon until the elections are over. In the mean-
while the new Ministry seems to be gaining strength
and popularity. A deputation from the " Septembrist
Electoral Centre," composed of Viscount POSTE
ARCADA and M. SAMPAIO, the editor of the Revo-
lucao, having waited on the Minister of the Interior,
with a representation setting forth the shameful con-
duct of the local authorities throughout the country
in regard to the registration of voters, as well as the
cruel persecution which was carried on in the pro-
vinces against the popular party, many of whom had
been obliged to fly from their own places, and take
refuge in the capital or in foreign countries, and
praying that the Government would take prompt
measures to put a stop to the evils com•
plained of, and secure the promised freedom
of election, were received very courteously,
and, after a long conference, requested to return on
the following day ; and when next day they waited
on him, according to appointment, he told them that
the Government would accede to some of their pro-
posals, but that for this it would be necessary to put
off the elections. lie then asked them whether, in
such case, the Septembrist press would oppose the
Government, to which they replied in the negative,
assuring him that a short postponement, having for
its object the removal of the obstacles opposed to the
liberty of the electoral urn, would meet with no op-
position from their party. It has been settled between
the Government and the Septembrists that the elec-
tions shall be put off for three months more.
The Septembrist Central Electoral Committee
have addressed the following letter to the Ministers
of England, France, and Spain, with a copy of the
representation presented to the Government :
" Sir,—The electoral committee of the national
party has the honour to forward to your Excellency
the enclosed copy of a representation which it has
addressed to her Majesty the Queen.
" The Portuguese people wish for peace and order,
but they likewise desire to have liberty. The alliespromised us a free national representation which
should truly express the will of the country. We
now strive for it at the poll as we fought for it in the
field. Our end is still the same, though the means we
use are different.
" And it is in order that the wish of the nation
should be satisfied, and the promise of the interven-
ing powers fulfilled, that the committee now makes
known to you the obstacles it encounters, and which
it prays may be removed.
"There is no security, and it is necessary that it
should exist. There is no legal recenseament (regis-
tration of voters), and it is necessary that there
should be such legal registration.
" When three powerful nations disarmed us, they
promised us justice and peace; we have, therefore, a
right to demand from those nations that which they
solemnly engaged, before the whole world, to secure
to us.

" Our rights, the justice of our cause, ought not
to perish at the armed hands of the allies ; and if the
promises of the potentates of the earth be not a
mockery, the committee hopes that might will not

prevail over right, and that the liberties of the Portu-
guese people will not be for ever lost.
" God preserve your Excellency.
(Signed) " Marquis of LOULE, President.
Count DAS ANTAS.
F. P. OTTOLIN I.
Don JOSE D'ALENC.XSTRE.
M. N. CASTELLO MANGO.
Viscount FONTE ARCADA.
A. R. SAMPAIO.

" Lisbon, Sept. 14, 1847."
The following extracts from the address to the
QUEEN, will show the grievances of which these
gentlemen complain :
" A great number of your Majesty's subjects have
been obliged to fly from their homes. Some are in
foreign countries, others have taken refuge in the
mountain districts, while others again have sought
shelter in the capital from the personal vengeance and
animosity which pursued them in their own places.
" It was in 1845 that this fearful struggle between
the electoral bodies and the authrities commenced.
To fraud in the registrations succeeded violence and
assassination, and these in their turn were followed
by a revolution. The very authorities whose flagiti-
ous conduct provoked that revolution are now rein-
stated in power, and have recommenced precisely the
same course. By such proceedings as these the re-
presentative system becomes a mere illusion.
" Your Majesty's subjects do not think that the
excitement of party feeling disqualifies them for
snaking a good choice of representatives. On the
contrary, they think that the love of country, with-
out enthusiasm and without passion, is impossible at
all times, but especially so after the termination of a
great crisis, and that liberty would be endangered if
that strong passion which alone can give it enduring
vitality should become deadened."
The Volunteer Battalions have petitioned to be
dissolved. The recent changes in Spain have pro-
duced a great moral effect in Lisbon, and have
tended to dishearten the Cabralistas. The Terrible,
with Count BOMFIM, and the other Torres Vedras
victims, is daily expected in the Tagua from Angola.

Madrid journals of the 19th and 20th have arrived
The Gageta publishes a dispatch from the Captain-
General of Gallicia, announcing the complete destruc-
tion of the Carlist band of EL EBANISTA.

The Popular announces that CABRERA has re-
entered Spain. General PAvIA had arrived at
Madrid, as had also General VIGo, the new Captain-
General. The Infante Don FRANCISCO DE PAULA
was to reach Vittoria on the 16th.

SIMON LATORRE, formerly a celebrated Carlist
chief; has arrived in Madrid, and is to be entrusted by
the Government with an important mission. There
were reports of a Ministerial crisis on the 20th, but
they appear to have had no foundation. The Pro-
gressistas are anxious for an immediate dissolution of
the Cortes, but no decision has as yet been come to on
the subject.

Letters from Catalonia give accounts of more en-
gagements between the insurgent bands and the
QUEEN'S troops, but none of them appear to have
been of any importance. On the 13th, two Monte-
molonist chiefs who had been taken with arms in their
hands were shot. General MANUEL DE LA CONCHA
has published an address to the inhabitants of
Catalonia, in which, after stating that he will endea-
vour to establish peace in the province, be assures
them that the Government entertains the strongest.
desire to protect their trade and promote their pros-
perity.

_ .
Monsignor BRUNELLI, the POPE'S Envoy, had had
an interview with the President of the Council in
presence of several distinguished prelates of the
Spanish Church, the result of which was said to be
most satisfactory.
MADRID BOLSA, SEPT. 20.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 26 9-16 for cash; the Four per Cents. at
161 ; the Five per Cents. at 17i ; the Debt without
Interest at ; and the Coupons at 14.

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.

The :Dads of Friday publishes a long attack on
the guests at the Reform banquet at St. Quentin on
the 19th, which is replied to in the Constitutionnel
of Saturday. It is evident that these banquets are
becoming a source of great annoyance and of some
fear to the Government. It is a movement of happy
omen for the cause of constitutional liberty in France.
We find for the first time that Reformers of all
classes, from M. TIIIERS to M. CONSIDERANT, have
deter Mined to sink their differences, and to unite to
obtain by legal and peaceable means electoral reform,
on the necessity of which they are all agreed.
Against such an union of Reformers detached forts
and physical force are useless. They will not break
the law, and hence their power.
The Presse considers it very hard that Greece
should be called upon to pay the interest of her loan,
because she had to take it at a discount, and because
a portion of it was spent in paying the indemnity
due to Turkey, another portion in paying the army,
and another portion in paying the expenses of the
Regency before the KING became of age. This is
perhaps the most impudent defence of fraudulent
bankruptcy ever put forth. Has not every borrower
of money, whether a nation or an individual, to pay:a
discount, and, in most instances, a heavier discount
than Greece paid (the loan was taken at 94):for:the ac-
commodation ? And as to the sums paid for indemnity
for the army and the Regency, they were debts due
from Greece, debts for the liquidation of Zilch the
loan was contracted ; besides, Greece having had the
money, it matters nothing to the lender whether she
expended it economically or squandered it away. The
only point the three Powers have to consider is, can
Greece pay, or can she not ? That she can pay is
evident, and therefore we hope Lord PALMERSTON
will continue to make her pay. The Presse confirms
the news of the death of COLETTI, which took place
on the 10th. M. GUIZOT on Friday received a dis-
patch from M. PISCATORY, announcing the decease
of the Greek Premier.

The appointment of the Duke D'AUMALE to Algeria
appears to have given umbrage not only to the Oppo-
sition, but to the army. The Echo de Vesone, the
organ of Marshal BUGEAUD, thus speaks of it :
" The nomination of the Duke D'AUMALE to that
post is impolitic, fatal to France, and ruinous for
Algeria. It is the most unpopular act of the reign,
and its disastrous consequences will soon be felt."
The National has the following on the subject of
the frauds committed at Havre :
" The frauds into which justice is making an in-
vestigation at Havre were practised on a vast scale.
We hive received precise information, which enables
us to make a near estimate of the loss sustained by
the public treasury. The ship Louise was in the
number of the merchant vessels which were employed
in the conveyance of coal supplied to the State for
the coast of Africa. The Louise measures 342 tons,
and can at the outside carry 460, say 500. But things
were so managed as to cause it to be recognised that
she had 650 tons on her departure, which already
constitute a fraud of 150 tons in the loading of the
ship at Havre. Means were next found at the place
of her arrival to cause 750 tons, instead of 650, to be
received, and even paid for ; which constitutes a new
fraud of 100 tons. Let us see, in round figures, the
consequences of this operation. On the 650 tons
falsely declared and recognised, on the re-exportation
150 remained at Havre, and were consumed free
from the Custom-house duties of sf. 50c. per ton ;
which causes a loss of 825 f. to the Ministry of
Finance. The loss to the Ministry of Marine
stands thus :—At the departure 150 tons too
many set down make, at 60f. per ton, 9,000 f. ;
at the arrival, a new excess of 100 tons
gives 6,0001. Total, 15,0001. Starting from
this basis, we find that if for the 500 tons of the Louise,
the loss to the department of finance has amounted to
825 f., it must have amounted for the 40,000 tons to
be supplied during the two years of the adjudication
to about 60,000 f. If for these same 500 tons of the
Louise, the loss to the marine department, on the
departure or arrival, were 15,000 f., it may be esti-
mated at about 1,000,0001. for the 40,000. It is just
to remark, that by circumstances which are not ex-
plained, and which the investigation will, no doubt,
make known, the sums received for the 100 tons too
many which the Louise was represented to contain at
the place of arrival, have been restored, which for the
whole would cause a restitution of 400,000 f. to be
supposed. We will not speak of the frauds committed
with respect to the supply of coal to the Marquesas
Islands, because we have not the bases of a calcula-
lation. We will confine ourselves to saying that the
frauds must amount to considerable sums, for the
price of the ton on delivery is 160 f. There is a
talk, it is said, of a loss of from 700,0001. to 800,0001.
How strange it is that frauds so clumsy in the exe-
cution, so ruinous in their consequences, should have
been committed during fifteen or twenty months,
without the Administration even suspecting their
existence !"

Prince NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, son of JEROME,
ex-King of Westphalia, arrived in Paris on Thursday.
The ICING and QUEEN of the FRENCH are expected
at the Chateau de Dreux at the beginning of next
week, on their way to La Ferte-Vidame, where a-

tensive repairs and embellishments have been executed

within the last eighteen months.
The KING admitted the Ambassador of the Schah
of PERSIA to a solemn audience at Compeigne on

Friday.
The Journal des Darts says—
" A circumstance, which is not without gravity,
has just caused somewhat profound derangement in
the financial and commercial circles of Vienna. In
order to stop the decline of public stock which was
taking place in that city, as well as in London and
Paris, the Austrian Government announced some
time ago that it would, through the Bank of Vienna,
purchase, at a determined price, the shares of certain
important railways, and that it would lend money at
a moderate rate on the deposit of such shares, as well
as upon the deposit of all such receipts of Austrian
stock. The mercantile classes made a very extensive
use of these facilities ; but we learn by letters, which
arrived yesterday from Vienna, that the Government
has suddenly, and without any previous notice, with-
drawn this precious assistance, which it had so gene-
rously given. the consequence was a decline of 8
per cent. on railway shares, and 2 per cent. on
funded stock, the Bank continuing to lend money on
deposit of stock receipts as before."
A letter from Vienna of the 19th, in a German
journal called the Zeitung,'s Halle, asserts that Prince
METTERNICH, in accord with the Minister of Finance,
has withdrawn the order against the further purchase
of railroad shares, and that the sinking fund has again
made purchases to the amount of forty-five millions
of francs. The revocation of the order has, it is
added, excited great enthusiasm at the Bourse of
' Vienna. A rumour having been current that the
order against the further purchase of railroad shares
had been induced by the probability of a war, which
would render it necessary for the Government to
husband its resources, M. DE METTERNICH is
stated to have declared that the only motive was a
difference of liquidation between the bank and the
sinking fund.
The Journal des Debats contains a pastoral letter
addressed to the clergy and the faithful of his diocese
by the Archbishop of PARIS, in which he commands
that prayers be offered for Pope Plus IX. and the
success of his reforms. His pastoral letter was to be
read on Sunday (yesterday) in all the churches of

Paris.
" We receive to-day, via Spain," says the Union
Monarchique, " an important piece of intelligence
from Morocco. If we are to credit the F-co del
Comercio, Anu-EL•KADER had entered Fez, the
capital and military key of the empire. Such an
announcement should be received with great caution,
for it is in direct contradiction with the information
published two days ago by the Journal des Debats."
It was rumoured in Paris, on Saturday, that a tele-
graphic dispatch had been received from Madrid on the
previous day, announcing the promulgation of a royal
decree prohibiting the entry into Spain of any
member of the Royal Family without the consent
of the QUEEN. This decree is evidently directed
against Queen CHRISTINA.
The Count DE SYRACUSE left Marseilles on Mon-
day for Italy. He went by land, the boisterous
state of the sea having prevented him from fulfilling
his intention of travelling by water.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Bourse on
Saturday at 75f. 65c. ; the Five per Cents., 114 f.
75c. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,163 f. 75c. ;
Rouen, 910 f.; Havre, 541 f. 25c. ; Great Northern,
520 f.; Avignon, 526 f. 25c.; Vierzon, 537 f. 50c. ;
Bordeaux, 442 f. 50c.; Troyes and Montereau, 250 f. ;
Dieppe, 252 f. 50c.; Basle, 160 f. ; Paris and Stras-
bourg, 382 f. 50c.; Tours and Nantes, 357 f. 50c.;
Paris and Lyons, 378 f. 75c. ; Lyons and Avignon,
455 f.

MARSEILLES, SEPT. 21. Marseilles and Avignon,
5171. 50c. ; Northern, 513 f. 75c.
LYONS, SEPT. 21.—Paris and Rouen, 910 f. ; Avignon
and Marseilles, 520 f. ; Vierzon, 530 f. ; Northern, 513 f.
75c. ; Orleans, 1,143 f. 75c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, SEPTEMBER 25.
Boulogne and Amiens, 1334 —Dutch Rhenish, 2g
Northern of France, 101/—Orleans and Bordeaux, 2%—
Paris and Lyons, 43—Paris and Strasbourg, 3—Tours and
Nantes, 2.