The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-07 00:00:00

EMIGRATION TO CANADA.

The Canada Company, established for coloniz-
' ' ing a rich district on the banks of Lake Huron,
have published a statement of the results
which have attended emigration to that part of
Upper Canada, from the formation of the Com-
pany until the present period. According to
this, the success of the speculation has been al-
most unexampled, as attested by several letters
from emigrants, which accompany statistical re-
turns respecting the rapid growth and present
state of the Colony. We extract the following
from the introductory statement:—
' The Canada Company, in laying before the public an ante
lysis of their labours during the last twelve years, in effect-
ing the settlement of their lands in Canada, felt convinced
that a more gratifying spectacle than it presents, cf the
signal success that has attendel industrious exertions in
the Western Hemisphere, has never been collected before.
In order to obtain this intelligence, and that its fidelity
and accuracy might be established beyond the re sch of cavil
or suspicion, they procured theinstrumentality of some of the
most influential, longest settled, and respectable inhabitants,
residing in various parts of the province, to collect the
necessary information. They were directed to spare
neither trouble nor expense to procure the most minute
and faithful returns. From the very diffuse and extended
information thus obtained, the Company have made such
selections, and furnished such an abridgment, as they
deemed sufficient for general purposes ; but as they are
desirous of affording to any individual an opportunity of
examining the details, persons would be permitted, on
application at the Office of the Company, 13, St Helen's-
place, to inspect these returns. Nothing can be more
gratifying or triumphant than these interesting account=.
A body of settlers, who emigrated to Upper Canada a
little more than ten }ears since, placed themselves on the
Company's lands near Guelph. They consisted of 156
families, of whieh number 129 had no capital whatever :
tae wh, le number of persons were 436. They now pos-
4,•ss 100 houses; they have cleared and cultivated 2 820
I,..res ; they have 438 head of cattle, 41 shcep, and 'nine
horses; and the aggregate value of their property, formed
,ri a low estimate during the spring cf last year, was
7,,und to be 22 6581.
There are many instances of an increase of capital in ten
years seven-fold, and other cases still more startling and
r vonderful, where the increase in value has arisen from
:ocal circumstances and peculiarities, such as contiguity to
t viilage or town, water powers,'&c. &c. ; but these do
sot form a part of the. genera; estimate.
The county of Huron has bsen described at greater
length acd in more detail than other counties or town-
ships,
_principally because it still affords the largest
,cape for settlement, offers great and peculiar ad-
iantages, and establishes, beyond all doubt or dis-
putation, the full ability of the inhabitants of the
tiritish Isles successfully to subdue the wilderness and
:onvert it into productive land. It is essentially a B itish
settlement; its cultivation has been principally effected
by immigrants from England, Ireland, and Scotland : and
the cheering results of their perseverance and vigour are
to be seen in this fine fertile and extensive district, by the
forma ion of numerous tillages, and in the quantity of
cultivated land. The town of Goderich, the capital of
nis district, beautifully situate at the margin of the ma-
jestic Lake Huron, at the confluence of the River Mak-
and, possessing now a safe, commodious, and noble bar..
,our, and a large and thriving population, was an entire
.vildcrness as recently as 1820. It has now its Court-house.
And about 700 inhabitants, is surrounded by a country
.vhose fertility of sort is unsurpassed by any in the Continent
if America, and bounded by an inland sea, supplying the
greatest variety and best description of fish. The town of
Guelph, in the neighbourhood of this district, originally
belonged to the Company, and was settled by their in-
trumentality. In 1827, it was untenanted but by the
vests of the forest, without a tree having been felled ;
it is now a district town, with four churches, numerous
public buildings, possessing a large and increasing popu-
.ation, and is still progressirg in wealth and importance.
To this statement are subjoined two tables,
giving an analysis of returns from seventy-eight
townships. In the first table, we find that in
Otanabee twenty-one setlers, who had com-
nenced business without capital, have accumu-
lated among them a property of 6,1051., the ave-
rage property possessed by each being 2901. 14s.
In Camden East, thirty-five settlers, who had
also commenced without property, have accumu-
lated 8,1671., giving an average of 2331. each. In
others the average extends to 5001., and in some
instances to 800/. each. It appears also that 724
( persons, who, on arriving in Canada, possessed
together a capital of 34,517/.. had acquired
oroperty in 1840 to the amount of 323,7161. Of
these persons 337 were without any funds what-
ever, and they now possess an average of 344/.
?ach ; 89 arrived with capital in sums of 20/. and
# ender, and they have now an average of 4291.
• each. In the second table a similarly flattering
xicture is drawn showing the following results :-
340 persons who on arriving in Canada possessed
collectively 28,402/., in 1840 possessed-property
,o the amount of 224,031/. Of these, 310 settlers
trrived in Canada with no capital whatever.
they now collectively possess property to the
tmount of 95,7871., being an average for each
. )erson of 3081. 19s. 9d. ; 113 settlers arrived in
;anada with capital in sums of 20/. and under, to
the amount of 1,151/. 17s. 7d., being an average
or each person of 10/. 3s. 10d.; they now collec-
-ively possess property to the amount of 36,548/.
12s. 6d., being an average for each person of
, 123/. Bs. 9d. ; 217 settlers arrived in Canada with
•apital in sums above 20/. to the amount of
27,251/. being an average for each person of
:25/. 1 ls. 7d ; they now collectively possess pro-
)erty to the amount of 91,6961., being an ave-
uge for each person of 422/. lls. 2d. 640 per-
nns. Total value of property, 224,0311. 12s. 6d.
Some of the letters also contain interesting de-
tails, particularly that by Dr. Robert Ailing, the
.migrant agent at Guelph, addressed to the Corn-
nissioners of the Company. He thus describes
the country and the character of the settlers:—
Guelph and the adjoining townships are remarkably
healthy, and will bear a comparison with the most healthy
'pots known. Having been in man.) parts of the world
vhile in the medical department in the Royal Navy, and
nearly twenty years in extensive practice in England,
some good opportunities bare been given me to form
a judgment upon. Guelph abounds with the best build-
rig materials, such as stone, lime, sand, brick. earth,
And bard timber : pine we are short of, and bate. to
, fetch it from a mill some few miles from us, our lands
'sing too good to grow it. All the hard woods,
nd those said to indicate good soil, form almost exelu-
.ively the trees of this township; tt.e population of the
township is 2,290: of the town 643. The settlers are
wady all English. Scotch, and Irish, and these in about
equal numbera. I have said, in this report, Guelph was
at a low ebb in 1832, and as many persons who may lead
what I write know that the township had been partially
Icttled and carefully fostered by the Canada Company for
some four or five years prkr to that date, they will be cu•
rious to know why it was so little had been done by the first
settlers, and as I was mvself at a loss to account for this. I
made some inquiries at the time of my arrival here, and
nany since. From these I learn of the old settlers them-
-elves, that when the Company's chief office was in Guelph,
nany of these settlers were employed for months and even
vears on the cutting roads, clearing town plot, constructing
keptand haulingtheir
ei lvdei
rnagl
m i laincidanithusr alio'n6gg
'ridges, making
on;steorfiallasn' dB';e.atdc'it appears that when they did go on
land they did not do much, having been nearly and some
iuite spoilt by the Company's high wages, too liberal
treating', and much too lenient overseers. It may be and
undoubtedly is good to give a measure of assistance to
)oor men on first coming to this country ; but I am of
ipinion, that after doing a little for them, the sooner
hey are thrown on their own resources the better it will
>e for them. I have seen that many of the late-come poor
t)ennile3s viorking men have far outstripped the earlier
ettlers ; hence I must conclude that too much nursing
if this class does not turn out beneficial to them

We have here (as no doubt is the ease elsewhere

hundant evidence tl show that the industrious sober
emigrant, who resolves to succeed, will and does sec-
eed, help or no help ; while, on the other hand, some
:ever do succeed, nor will they, give them what money,
,dvice, and assistance you may. These men arc to be

found all over the world, so fear es I have seen it ; bty,
we must remember that we who invite emigration to our
,d,)pted country, and those well-intentioned in•'.ividuals
vho send em'grants from home, are in the path of
duty. Men are placed in precisely the same situation
which thousands have gained a competence, and
same a little fortune, and thus tar we have served our

ieighbour ; it is for him to make his election whether he
vill do as others have 'done by the use of the same means,
ir whether he will not. From pretty close observation
luring the past eight years, I have come to the conclusion
that the Scotch are the best and most successful of all
emigrants. Come they with or without money. come they
with great working sons, or with only little useless girls,
t is all the same ; the Scotchman is sure to better his con-
'ltion, and this very silently, and almost without a corn.
jaint. Wall the sons poor Scorchmen bring out with them,
scarcely any become servants. I obserse they woe,. w'th and
for
tbeir parents till the latter are well stocked in and se.•
curely provided fur, when these young men betake them
selves to land on their own account. This is worthy of no.
'ice, and should be imitated by others, as the greatest ad.
vantages
arederived from the family having a head in good
circumstances, and ready with its assistance in times
of need. The industry, frugality, and sobriety c f the
Scotch, mainly contribute to their success, and stash
habits are absolutely necessary to be rioidly followed by
poor settlers on first entering the " Bush " I have care-
fully watched the progress and result of the Scotch, Irish,
ind English emigrants, is the race to the goal desired br
ill, viz , to obtlin a deed for their land, and find thht,
A here all hate appeared to me to be equally well mourt A
,nd precisely the same course to go over and the same
hills of difficulty to ascend, the Scotchman is general y
:list in at the winning-post Next to the Scotch, I am of
tos every speak
sohfadbe bin
tod than
grad ofe
:1
opinion the linalishrnan comes in fur his meed of praise;
iust Si' ' Scotch
isteinofirniltrilsyhmioler iegdhibffiouc rusi s a
t
of character, conduct, and success, is to be found amongst
the English in this place and its neighbouring townships ;
suffice it to say, that were it not for a considerable num-
ber a good men from Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, who
ire prospering in this part of Canada, I must have let my
own countrymen to be noticed last. Genera ly speaking,
English families do not hold together long enough to ensurethe
success; the sons of poor English emigrants leave their
narents, and become servants at the usual high wages, and
instead of saving money to purchase land, the same is
squandered away in fine clothes, and at the numereu•
country balls, &c. This course is followed up by taking a
vvit.,‘, becoming a common labourer, arid hiring a smart
house in the town, where he is determined his wife shall
wear as rich a silk dress on a Sunday a 3 any lady in

place. The lowest characters we have in Guelph (and
pests they are) turn out to be English drunkards. Ido
not intend to make any attempt to dep'ive our Irishmen of
their well-earned and well-known forte in making occasion-
ally more reds, than any other men when a Bole "high,"
but in common I fiad then more at their farms, or at tha,r
respective tailings, than the English are. The Enlist,
" gentleman farmer," who lust, in a few years, in the Old
Country, nearly all he possessed on stsrtin ss in life, and thus,
by living beyond his mains, neglecting his farm, and too
hotly and constantly pursuing the hounds, comes toCanada.
a very unlikely man to succeed ; such a man grumbles
dreadfully at first, curses his hard fate, then the
country, then the Government, then the Canada Company,
and every man who ever wrote a line or said a word in
favour of Canada. Onward, however, be goes by fits
and starts, now determined to tru, again to give up; but
after a few years we hear less and see more of this mare
because his mind is sobered down, and he looks upon
things as they really are ; he sees and feels that he is
doing well in spite of himself ; that he has an est de of his
own, has no dread of " rent-day," nor landlord, has no
tithe to pay, no poor-rate, and almost no taxes of any kind.
Should crops fail, or prices be very low, we never see a
firmer " break " or " fail " in this neighbourhood ; aed the
reason is, because the outgoings of a farm are very small,
and the former can easily reduce them to any extent he
pleases till things go better. This man sees also, that al-
though he is not himself in possession of so many
lururics and amusements as he used to indulge is
at home, he has all the substantial comforts and ne-
cessaries of life, and, moreover, is in a way, and in
a country, where his children now have, and may
hereafter continue to hive the same without failure,
save what failure their own bad conduct may be the cause
of. This class of men are numerous in the agricultural
districts of England ; and, were they to come to this co-
lony before reducing their means to so low an ebb as they
almost invariably do before starting from home, their ta'k
here would be much easier to perform, and themselves
spared a great deal of mental suffering and bodily fatigue.
The rapid strides made by the plain, sober, hard-working
English labourer, or small farmer of the Old Country,
are truly worthy of our admire-ion and regard : with these
men capital seems not to ba es:eatielly necessary to their
success, as, in a few years, they actually outstrip and leave
their old married masters far behind them. Of gentle
woo, properly so railed, we have a full sprinkling all over our
township ; out, as they will not be questioned as to what
they had in money when they first arrived, neither can vie
easily ascertain what sources they may have in the Old
Country to give them a quarterly or annual supply of
cash. We can oily speak of them as farmers and settlers,
leavieg out of the question their g iris er losses.
I heva now to spelt of the Irish settlers, and what I
have just said of English gentlemen will apply to the same
seass of Lid]; the only laud I dad in some of them is a
too frequsnt bolting over of their ardent eeinians and feel-
ergs se loyalty upon unnecessary occasions, and a too fre-
quent indulgence in invectives against sound Constitu-
tionalists, who do not, they think, come fully up to their
Idea of patriotic perfection. We have here a good many
of the " middle men" of Ireland, who succesd wall, and
make excellent seelsrs, adding to the wealth and strength
of the province. In times of commotion these men show
their loyalty, and were amongst the foremost of volunteers
to defend the province against enemies within and without
it. There is here a very remarkable difference between
the educated and uneducated liisb ; nearly every man of
the former does well for himself and family ; and while he
pays a eneerful deference to his superior-, comforts, sup-
ports, and consoles himself with an assurance that he is a
worthy descendant of some highly respected ancestors of
universal renown, and in duty bound so to demean himself
as not to bring disgrace upon the family escutcheon !
A very large portion of Irish settlers hereabouts are
composed of the lower orders of that country, and becauss
of their numbers spa the Irish sample of settlers 'I his
class go upon land as soon as they arrive here, and being
without means, make very slow progress. Were they to
" work out" for two or th ee years, and thereby accumu-
late capital (and all work rig men, women, aed children
may do this and live well at the same time in this country),
their chances of success would be more certain, and im-
provements more rapidly made ; the latter to an extent
tSat would enable them to pay for their land before large
arrears of interest are added to the first cost of the land.
Labouring men are much wanted here, and the wages
of such held out the strongest inducements far such men
to come over to Canada. Food is very cheap, so much so
that any working man may procure enough to maintain a
family much better here than he can at home, by the pro-
ceeds of three days' work in a week, The wages of these
men are, in ordinary times, 3s. 91. per diem, and during
busy seasons much higher. I have lately renown men re-
fuse to work for a bushel of good wheat, or ten pounds of
goon pork for a day's labour ! Servants of both sexes and
of all ages are much wanted. Men-servants get from, 30/.
to 311., and board, per annum. Servant girls have from
9/. to 151., and boarded, per annum, and younger servants
in proportion. A great reduction has of le's taken place
in the prices of all clothing and British manufactured goods
in general. Stores in country places are now supplying
goods at a very moderate advance on sterling cost, and this
is a bsnefit to farmers and servants of great importance, in-
asmuch as they purchase such goods at twenty per cent.
less than the same were sold at only a few months since.
Many causes may be said to prodte e this change, but I
believe it is more tee result of the combination of capital,
mind, and enterprise mentioned above than any thing else.
If I am asked what is the greatest evil in Canada, and
which most retards its advancement, and is constantly
checking i s rising importance, I would say bad roads.
We stand now more in need of good bye-ways for settlers,
and a highway across the country to the "far West," than
any thing else. Next to roads, improved inland water-
commuoicetion. The settlers can and would cheerfully
pay additional tex -s for these things.
I wish it aver(' in my power to say something to my
countrymen on the choice so many of them foolishly anti
hastily make in giving the United States a preference
without having first tried the Canadas. It is quite cer-
tain they must have much further :o travel before they can
procure goad and cheap land than they would have to do
in coming to this country, and it is notorious fevers and
ague are common destroyers of health and life too in th
"far West." There produce has t r incur an immense
charge upon it by the extra hundreds of miles it has to co
to market ; and, above all, how a right-minded and hieh-
spirited Briton can subject himself to the taunts and divers
annoyances the Yankees are sure to inflict upon him
continually, I know not, to ray nee hing of the price he must
pay fir anything like a life of peace and quiet amongst
them by taltieg the oath of :allegiance, in vs liSch he swears
to become an enemy of his father-land God forgive the
poor weak wretch who does this I My desire in making
these remarks is not that I wish to rail at the Americans;
on the contrary, I by no means approve of the silly things
written and spoken of tides people daily, and by those who
ought to know better than to try all their lives through to
keep up ill fe( lung between the two criuntriss; but while
I wish to let Americans do as they think best, and be
Americans, I say let Englishmen, Scotchmen, end Irish-
men still remain even so. Th", fact, is, we, as Britons, have
never been, whether at home or here, half so thoughtful,
careful, active or zealous in settling this noble province
with our countrymen as our neighbours have ever been in
peopling theirs with whom they can catch.
The only other extract for which we can find
room is from. a letter of B. F. Barfoot, Esq.,
dated Chatham, 7th September, 1840, addressed
to the Emigrant Agent:—
" Although my experience dces not exceed four years,
yet I cannot but view it as the granary of the world, snore
especially the western district, possessing richness of soil
scarcely to be equalle i, and escaping these early frosts so
injurious in sonic sections of Canada. lam aware an
opinion prevails in England, that the winters arc too se-
vere for European constitutions. On the contrary, the
winters are not more severe in this section than in Eng-
land, and much more healthy ; net that I would desire to
impress an opinion that Canada has no privations; on the
contrary, the sca-city of money, the want of congenial so-
ciety to the more respectable portion of the community, to-
gether with those of a mere trivial description. But surely
these would all be obviated were it more the resort of ca-
pitalists, the intelligent farmer, and the industrious respec-
table settlers. Such being the true merits of the country,
and affording such encouragement for the investment of
capital in building steam-boats, cutting canals, railroads,
factwiee &c., each ensuring an ample return—in fact,
nature has opeeed a water communication scarcely
equalled, offering sources unparalleled for repaying the ca-
pitalist, and I am satisfied the advantages of Upper Ca-
nada only want to be more fully understood in Great Bri-
tain, to render it the resort of huudieds now labouring
under the weight of competition. The sucte-s of the in..
dustrious and intelligent farmer in Canada is beyond
doubt, in illustration of which, I have forearded a true
statement of the progress made by settlers."

WAVERLEY NOVELS. Vol. Waverley."
WAVERLEY NOVELS. Vol. I. Part Waverley."
—This is the cheapest and boldest speculation of the time,
fertile as it is in cheap literary speculations—,he entire
novel of " Waverley," with all the introductions and notes,
for four shillings, with a choice or editions for the pur-
chaser. Those who have litle time to spare, who gruege
the cost of bookcases, and who do not object to double
columns, may purchase the large edition, which will corn.
prise the whale :if the Waverley Novels in five volumes.
Those who prefer a pot ket-siie may choose the small oc-
tavo, bound to their hand and ready for the book shelf,
which will extend to twenty-five volumes ; the cost of each 1
edition being the same. The larger edition appears the
lest adapted for separate purchase. We have called this
cdiiion the cheapest of modern tmes, and we have not
spoken at random. Regard being had to typographical
elegance, as well as to nominal price, Mr. Smith's
S'andard Library " reprints are about the ce plus 'tl'ra
of anything we have seen. His edition of Mis Inch-
balo's " Simple Story" contains somewhat more than
nine*y pages at a price of two shilling, ; " Waverley"
upwards of one hundred and eighty for four shi!licgs.
It must be remembered, too, that " Waverley" is copy-
right, the " Sin ple Story" the reprint of a public prover.y.
Some cont•ideration must also be had to the eigatitie na-
ture and duplex form of the Waverley editions—fifty ye-
lumes of wair rated issue. It is curious to speculate upon
the cause of this speculation. Is it a sign of a still grow-
ing taste for reading with a consequently:increasing mar-
ket, which the holders of copyrights find it their interest
to supply ? or is it the approaching extinction of copy.
right in the earlier noveh (" Waveey" expiring, we be-
lieve, in 1842), that induces the owners to take time by
the forelock, and sußly the cheap market before the fee
trader can come in for a share ?—Spectator.
`OUR FLEET IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.---
MARMORICA, MARCR B.—The Howe sails for Malta to-
morrow. The Revenge is ordered to prepare for sea._
her destination is not known, but is supposed to be
Candia, to relieve the Vanguard. We leave here the
Calcutta, Rodney, Cambridge, Magicienne; steamers
Stromboli, Cyclops, returned on the .6th from Constan-
tinople, and about to sail for 14-It 1. This las, fell in with
the Castor, on her a a :from S)r a to Ma.ta; uefer.un.tely
she had the plague on beard ; six i f the crew only had
died, hut the pest was still rife. The Marine: and Marine
Artillery have left Syria, and are now embarked on board
the fleet. The Royal Artillery still remain at Beyrout.

INTERFERENCE WITH THE

MAILS.

The following judicious remarks on this subject are
t iken from that independent and excellent journal the
Aberdeen Herald. It is refreshing to find such argu.
meets published in a Scotch newspaper amidst the noise
and fury of the benighted bigots, and the liberal sup-
port which it receives from a numerous class of readers
proves that the people of Aberdeen still preserve their
long established character for sound discretion and in-
dependence. We trust the statement of Mr. Chalmers
will not be lost on the Chancellor of the Exchequer
and Lord Normanby, who at present appear to chime
in with a fanatical sect alike ignorant of the injunctions
of Scripture and the dictates of common sense:—
On Tuesday last, the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
in reply to a question by Mr. Hume, stated that Go-
vernment had entered into an arrangement whereby
the mails would be carried on six days of the week by
railway, and by coach on Sunday. This is obviously a
concession to the preposterous demands of the Agnew
Sabbatarians, and is as discreditable to Mr. Baring as
the tampering with the Non-intrusionists is to his col-
league the Lord Advocate. It is bad enough to be
pestered with the nonsense of our modern Pharisees ut
Exeter-hall meetings and in Scotch Presbyteries, but it
is much worse to find it countenanced at the Treasury. If
the ruling power is to be handed over to the soi.disant
sdnts on both sides of the Tweed, it is high time that
quiet, sensibly people were preparing to emigrate ; far,
under the dominion of the Exeters, the Agnews, the
Cunniughams, and the Macgills, anything tut a millen-
nium may be anticipated.
Perhaps the Ministry imagine that they are strength-
ening themselves by yieding to the importunit es of the
pharisaical party ; but they are grievously mistaken.
There is a great deal of over-pretension to piety, both
in England and Scotland ; bur, as worldly gain is often
slowed to interfere with real religious duty, it is not
likely to s.tarl out of the way of a mere mock observance.
A number of bigots and enthusiasts have, in opposition
t the whole of Chri.tendom, del without the slight-
est warrant from Scripture, adopted the notion that
Sunday must be observed exactly in the way that the
Jews were ordained to observe the Sabbath ; and
the Chancellor of the Exchequer is weak enough to
humour their ridiculous fancy, at great inconveni.
...lice and much expense to the country. For this he may
obia;n the thanks of the fashionable pietists who occupy
themselves much more with national sins than with their
own ; but he may rest assured that he will give griev-
ous offence to the really religious and sensible poction
of the community. The merchants of Liverpool, Man-
chester, Leeds, York, G asgow, Edinburgh, Dundee,
and Aberdeen, however serious they may be, are too
keenly alive to the advantages of regular communication
to allow it to be interfered with on such hypocritical
pi etences as those put forward by the Agnewites.
For what, atter all, will be the effect of the new
arrangement ? Why, neither more nor less than to
cause a great deal more Sunday labour than is re-
quired at present, and create many opportunities for
desecration of. the Lord's Diy that do not now
exist. The mail coach, carrying only eight. passen-
gers, requires nearly as many attendants as the railway
train carrying a hundred. Then there are the grooms
and strappers at every stage ; and last, not least,
there is the working of God's dumb creatures on the
day of rest. It has been remarked, too, that wherever
railway lines have been established, intemperance has
deci eased. The wayside taverns are deserted, because
the traveller is hastened on to his journey's end in a
space of time so short, and under regulations so strin-
gent, as to preclude all necessity or excuse for taking
refreshments. Tie consequence of this has been ren-
dered very conspicuous on sonic of the English roads
by the desolate and deserted look of wayside taverns,
that formerly were well frequented. Indeed, the com-
plaints from country victuallers have been so numerous,
that, were we not well assured of the contrary, we
might believe that the Chancellor of the Exchequer had
made his arrangement with a view to the promotion of
their interest rather than of Sabbath observance !—for,
really, the mail coach with its smoking horses—its
guard's horn—its bustle of strappers, grooms, and .pec-
t Itors at inn deers—its deliya for.drinking—and its
comparatively leisurely pace through the heart of towns
and vill !gee, is but a sorry exchange in the way of
quietness for the rapid mail train passing along a route
not yet, at any rate, thickly studded with houses.
Admitting, for a moment, that the Pharisees are
right in insisting on a Jewish Sabbath, we cannot see
how the arrangement, agreid to by the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, is to promote the object they have in
view. It weal, rather, as v e have alie idy said, be the
means of causing a greater breach of the fourth corn-
menchnent. It horses be cattle—and on the coach-box
they are so designated—they are strictly included in
the prohibition from labour—" The seventh day is the
Sabbath of the Lord thy God, in it thou shalt not do
any werk, thou nor thy man servant, nor thy maid-ser-
vant, nor thy cattle, eor the stranger that is within
thy gates." Sur.ly, then, even according to their
own ideas, the S..bbatarians ought to prefer machinery
to coach travelling on Sunday. The snorting en-
gine is not included in the letter of the command- ,
merit, and the spirit of kindness to inferior anirriaJs is
not infringe,' by letting your work be done by inanimate
matter. The Almighty rested on the seventh day, but '
his suns and planets were allowed to revolve for the
benefit of his creatures. May not man, imitating at an
humble distance Him in whose image he was made,
allow the inanimate mass, which he has fashioned almost
into a thing of life, to proceed on its course, dispensing
the ble sings of a high state of civilization. Hit be law-
ful to do good on the Sabbath day, surely the mail-bag,
with its various and interesting contents, bearing tid-
ings ot joy and sorrow to equally anxious breasts, should
not be unnecessarily delayed or interrupted. And if
it is to. be forwarded at all on Sunday, the railway is
obviously the mode by which it can be accomplished
stith the greatest regularity, and at the same rime with
least injury to the feelings of such as think that the
Jewish observance of the Sabbath is still imperatively
required.
But the change from railway to coach is only one
step towards the complete abolition of our Christian
privileg s which the Agnewites cootemp ate. They are
already clamouring for-an entire stoppage of the mails
on Sunday, and, as the Chancellor of the Exchequer
has already yielded one point, we do not see how he
can refuse to go all lengths with them. There is no
valid argun:eut for a change from railways to coaches—
but soma thing on the score of humanity can be said in
favour of the total suppression of Sunday travelling. It
is well, therefore, that the public should be made aware
of the cost at which a pharisaical observance of Sunday
is to be purchased, lest perchance our complaisant
rulers should feel themselves compelled to carry out
their measure for conciliating the sanctimonious. When
the stoppage of the mails was talked of before, we
pointed out the inconveniences that would accrue ; the
subji et has since been taken up by Mr. Chalmers, book-
seirr, Dundee, and is thus practically and ably treated :
It is now neatly twenty years since I first began
to devote attention to Mail-coach acceleration and
other matters connected with Post-office arrange.
inents, and in consequence was occasionally led to
suggest improvements which have generally been
adopted, and publicly acknowledged as beneficial to
the community—l therefore should very much re
gret it any over-zealous, motive, or mistaken con
jecture, should in the least be instrumental in curtailin
the privileges we now enjoy in our reguhir correspon-
dence. In the hope that a statement of a few facts
ri htive thereto may show what the consequences would
be if any change were to take place, even on a limited
scale, I am induced to submit the following :
In newspaper reports of various recent proceedings at
meetings of presbyteries we have been entertained with
motions and notices of motions, to petition Parhamen
or her Majesty s Government, to discontinue mail-cone
tray: ihng on th.• Sabbath-day

My object is to show what-
effect the proposed scheme
would have on mail-coach operations ; and in doing so,
I shall confine my,elt to one line of road—namdy, that
from London to Aberdeen via York and Perth—and
thereafter make a few remarks on its consequences,
both in a commercial and social paint of view.
The distance from London to Edinburgh is 398
miles ; from Edinburgh, by Perth to Aberdeen, 134
iniles—maklig t(lether 532 miles ; which distance the
mail accomplishes in about 60 hours! Therefore, the
mail which leaves London, at 8 o'clock on

THURSDAY evening, reaches Buckland (35 miles
north of London) about 12 o'clock that night ; Durham,
263 miles, at 12 o'clock on Friday night ; Woodhill Inn
(half-way betwixt Dundee arid Arbroath), 472 miles, at
12 on Saturday night, where it would have to remain
24 hours, unt►l 12 o'chek on Sunday night.
FRIDAY'S London Mal reaches Durham at 12 o'clock
on Saturday Night—these it would have to temain 24
hours.

SATURDAY'S London Mail reaches Buckland at 12
o'clock that Night—where it would have to remain 24

hOUrg.

Agin, the 111hil from Aberdeen to London, which
deptrts from Aberdeen at *three o'clock, afternoon, on
THURSDAY, reaches Perth at half-past 12 69c!ock
that night; Durham, at a quarter past 11 o'clock on
Friday night ; Arrington (45 miles north of London) at
halt-past 12 o'clock on Saturday night, where it would

. -
have to remain 231 hours.
FRIDAY'S Aberdeen Mail reachee Durham at a quar-
ter pa,t 11 o'clock on Saturday night, where it would

hav,• t i remain 24f hours.
And SATURDAY'S Aberdeen Mail reaches Perth at
limit-past 12 o'clock that night—where it would have

to remain until 12 next night.
By the preceding, it will be observed, that exclu-
sive of the present blank or Sunday Mail from
London, these would be three days lost weekly
each way in the correspondence betwixt London and
Aberdeen, and that every intermediate place would
be more or less affected by it ; and farther, were the

mids stopped on Sundays, it consequently foilows that
post-offices wou'd not be opened for delivery on that
day either. The effect, for instance, would then be,
With regard to Durham, Dundee, o,ad Perth, that the
north, south, and west tnads, arriving at these
places kite on Saturday night, the correspondence by

V I;N' ING UDITIOg

them would have to remain in the respective 14;
offices until Monday morning-36 hours ;
Tha ins:e
d.°
other places would be similar'y situated. Weal,
t such would be the result on one line
how extensive and serious would its conseeeatche
prove if the whole mail-coach arrangements in 1...4
kingdom were subjected to the proposed change,ol
change, I admit, not at all likely to take place, °'
e
to be listened to.
We may, however, I e inclined to give the pe.114
tioners c:cdit for their motive—namely, to ecert,,,,f
dc!.eeration of the Sabbath—the present syst°dtr
venting coach-guards, drivers, &c., were they 1
soy
posed, attending churches. In answer to this, id be
that, in respect to guards and drivers, they you fro
left on the Saturday nights at such distances
their homes that they might not be prepared t° gawp,
places of worship ; and if mails were compelled to atop,
perhaps at a county.- inn, or some obscure villager begs
no place of security-could be found to deposit the skier
—however attentive guards might be in lookieg etc
their charges—many chances of robbery by strBe9o.u/d
or confederacy might take place. In fact, guards °lob
be prisoners by day, and require assistants t 0
11
along with them by night. I (atilt°
By the detention of expected remittances, th -
,i for
mails, communications relative to shipping, °rueb dr
goods, account sake, states of markets, 80., suc
lays might prove disastrous to the commercial O
Itoo
and, in a social point of view, equally serious t°l,oo,
who have frjends at a distance, perhaps in sic-ott
from whom ley may be anxiously
waiting intelligtt.
while such ley
may be lying in tb,,est°
offices of the towns in which those to whotn
addressed reside, or within a few miles of their deco'
nation.
,000 f.

Under these circumstances, it is not in hurean'asill
to suppose that individuals or families could eoffirntigo
reconcile themselves to go to church, ;faeor
which must be uppermost, and there attend to tee",ol
tional exercises with that Christian spirit which thel;por
otherwise do, were their anxieties relieved by beingl:tber•
session of expected communications; when at presell'or
is no unnecessary detention, neither is there Ito 11
pulsion to take letters from post-offices on Sen'j 0
those who deem it wrong to do so. dlivaedsttneidt
efore
the
here entering into unnecessary details, and i Oweerconclude for the prevent. Should these reo3sl.' subject
he eyes of those who have not considered tbe
use be"
fully, they may he the means of making them for
fore committing themselves in promoting Pe.::-. fr
what cannot be granted. And with these vie"spectfully subscribe,
JAMES CHALMERS, Bookseller'
Dundee, March 26, 1841.

fwrtO
the n`cireeli•
0 the "4- re-
vsnoir
ie °sear'
h brig oce-
thlican ten
a,
revOltitio
Cad
Le of the oa
banquet' ea'
rnajority
tve3 49-1
orn Eng"ntit
be returi
Or.

ALBAS';
6r, whol,'"
ciie
we
'ark, in
by Kne"
Gwennal
;action S
ling Pali tie-
kSTLE.'"'
to be bnpli".
rs were a
tion of tLv_
'cited. •A
and will b c

sting,

sent time
to Engl4'
houses st
'
iumber so-
ear, as far

Iv, been
~,r1)061 by
plaiter.--