The Sun.
London, England, 1840-09-10 00:00:00

Prm mN,_ LONDON, TnrnsnAv, SEPTRWIIER, 10, Ina

!nlir 01■10010,11111,..-- ,
so active. Tfie rst railroad, with a Locomotive
running on it, was scarcely completed in England,
before railroads were begun on the Continent.
They ate now in full activity in Belgium and Prus-
sia, and lines have been commenced throughout
France and Germany, extending into Italy. Thirty
years have not yet elapsed since the first steam-
boat was used on the Clyde ; and it is one of the
arguments of the Tories, that our maritime supe-
riority, and even our safety, are exposed to hazard
by the steam navy of France. Be it for
good or for evil, society is now moving with unex-
ampled rapidity, and, if our manufactures are
not to have fair play, this generation will witness
the destruction of Britain's prosperity, and Britain's
greatness.
Another remark is suggested by the letter. The
Belgians, Germans, and French borrow our me-
chanic arts; they care very little about our agricul-
ture. It is impossible to suppose that all these na-
tions are stupid or foolish. They are keenly alive
to their own interest, and that very thing which
thousands of individuals abroad are struggling
for, manufacturing supremacy, we are wantonly and
wilfully destroying. They know, and their Govern-
ments know—and what is singular, they have ac-
quired the knowledge from the example of England
—that manufacturing skill adds greatly to the wealth
of society. What agriculture was to pasturage, that
is mechanical skill to agriculture—an art of later
invention, and more productive of advantage
than its predecessor. Many clever men are
of opinion that agriculture has made little or
no progress since the days of VIRGIL ; and
not to it, therefore, but to manufactures,
is the modern greatness of our country due.
If it be now not suffering the deepest distress for
want of employment, that is owing not to our
agriculture, which is nearly stationary, or very
slowly progressive, but to the rapid extension of other
arts. In railways alone, not less we believe than
seventy millions sterling have been embarked, and
work to that amount is now in has been, or
will be completed. That, however,Lis an entirely new
branch of industry ; and, under the Corn-laws, it will
probably take twice as many years before seventy
millions additional capital shall be directed to the
extension and improvement of agriculture. Mid-
ways are at the same time only one example of
such new arts, but it may serve as an index to the
whole. We by no means desire, however, that the
Legislature should bestow any protection or encou-
ragement on manufacturing industry. We only
require that justice should be done it, aid that it
should not be oppressed and ruined for the pre-
sumed advantage of the landlords.

between them, before their purport can be known
elsewhere. Not that we mean to insinuate that the
Post and the Herald receive their inspirations from
the Treasury ; but that the Treasury is so dilatory
in its revelations as to render them worthless to its
accredited organs. And important as have been
the announcements made by the Post, in our eyes
they dwindle into insignificance compared with the
grave considerations wlich attach themselves to
the statement put forth this morning by the Herald.
That we may not possibly misrepresent Four Con-
temporary, we shall quote the whole of the article
which has so startled us :

We are given to understand, by most respectable au-
thority, that the quadruple treaty contains a clause, of
whch the following is the substance :
" In ease of need a Russian army will be directed on
Asia Minor, and placed so as to cover and secure the
phorus are to be closed. against vessels
qf war of all na-
tions whatsoever."
capital of Tin key ;
ale Dardanelles and the Bos-

In other words, Russia is to be constituted sole mis-
tress of Turkey, atid an English fleet is barred from the
Dardanelles, effectually to prevent all British inter:et.-
core with Russian policy.
This not worse than the treaty of Unkiar Skeleisi.
We were NOT bound by that, but we ARE //Mind by this.
We are excluded from the Dardanelles at the only mo-
ment when our squadron should be there to counteract
Russian ascendancy.
Probably Lord Palmerston waits for the ratification
of the convention before he communicates it officially ;
but he is now called on to admit or deny the above state-
ment, as, if it be true, he has compromised the country
most deeply, and the treaty must not be acted on. We
now see what Lord Palmerston meant at the close of
last Session when he recommended the Convention, on
the ground that the treaty of Unkiar Skelessi would be
abandoned.

We have only to add, that we give this statement,
not on our own authority, but on that of a valuable cor-

respondent.

We cannot believe that the Treaty of London
contains any article to the above effect. Lord
PALMEIiSTON would not dare to constitute Russia
sole guardian of the Turkish capital. We call
upon the Government to deny most explicitly that
the Treaty of London authorises the closing of the
Dardanelles against English ships of war, while it
sanctions the march of a Russian army aponCon-
stantinople. Unless the Government can do this
with a safe conscience, it has betrayed Turkey and
covered Great Britain with infamy. On the 19th of
August the ratification of the Treaty of London
was signed by the Porte; and on the 21st a
courier was to set out with it to London, where,
we suppose, it has already arrived. As no delay
was likely to take place in the exchange of the
ratifications, the Government can have now no
difficulty in making it public—the more especially as

it is the boast of the Four Powers that its contents are
already known to the only Power opposed to its exe•
cution—France. Our anxiety for the publication of
the Treaty is increased by knowing that it was ru-
moured in Constantinople on the 19th ult. that
30,000 Russian troops were about to embark on
the Black Sea for the Bosphorus, and that a
re-infurcement of 80,000 troops were encamped
at Bessarabia, ready to march at a moment's
Lotice to the assistance of the Porte. A t the same
time Izz ET MOHA NI ED PACHAt commander of
the Castles of the Dardanelles, had been sum-
monded to attend the Divan to receive instructions
relative to the defence of the Straits, and several
Prussian engineers had been appointed by the Porte
to co-operate with him in strengthening the woris.
Taken in conjunction with the statement of the
Herald's Correspondent, these facts justify us in
demanding that publicity be given to a treaty so
deeply involving the honour and the interests of this
country. To the evident surprise of the Journal
des Debats and the Constitutionnel, we stated
last week that we would prefer seeing ME-
H6IET ALI at Constantinople as a conqueror,
rather than the Emperor . NICHOLAS the pre-
tended guardian of the Osmanlis. We again
repeat that statement. We would rather a
thousand times see MEH EM ET Am girt with the
sword and clothed with the mantle of the Prophet
than witness the desecration for one week of the
Turkish capital by the occupation of 30,000 Rus-
sians, were we ever so certain that the second would
behold the re-embarkation of every single soldier of
them for Odessa.

Sir GEORGE STEPHEN has published " A
Letter to Lord JOHN RUSSELL, in reply to Mr.
JAMIESON on the Niger Expedition," from whose
work we gave an extract some time ago. We can-
not say that Sir GEORGE has refuted Mr. JAMIE-
SON ; •and we equally disapprove of his taste and his
logic. He carps at Mr. JAMIESON'S words, and
ridicules his manner, much more like a hack re-
viewer, ready to do any bookseller's work, than a
man anxious to discover truth, and anxious to
make it known to the world. Sir GEORGE seems
to us to have a bad case, and he mentions several
facts in vindication of Sir FOWELL BUXTON'S
and Sir GEORGE STEPHEN'S plan of sending Go-
vernment vessels to the Niger, and establishing
commercial settlements in that neighbourhood, which
seem to us to tell most powerfully against his
scheme.

He says, for example, "that Sir THOMAS
BUXTON'S principle is simply this : teach the Afri-
can the commercial value of his indigenous pro.
duce, and he will, for profit's sake, trade in that
instead of slaves." This is clearly what traders like
Mr. JAMIESON are doing, and what the philanthro-
pists, who will not be traders, will be more likely
to undo than promote.
Again, Sir S. STEPHEN says, on high autho-
rity, " that the African trade. at the present
Moment is the most prosperous and-profitable in ex-
istence. If that be a fact, it does not need Govern-
ment -patronage and the meddling of the African
Society to extend it. Private interest, without
taking more than 50,000/. oat of the public purse,
will accomplish the desired object.
According to Sir GEORGE this lucrative trade is
now monopolized by six London and Liverpool
houses, which is in admirable reason for other
merchants endeavouring, by all fair and honour-
able means to participate in the trade, and
an equally admirable reason why a society,
under the pretence of promoting the civili-
zation of Africa, should not interfere with it,
Though Sir G. STEPHEN may have the advan•
Cage over Mr. JAMIESON in verbal accuracy, the
facts mentioned by both tell entirely in favour of
the trader and against the philanthropic Society
We have before protested, on principle, against the
Government appropriating any portion of the taxes
to carry out Sir FowELL BUXTON'S crotchets, and
Sir G. STEPHEN'S pamphlet has confirmed our
opinion. It is equally correct in practice and on
principle.

But we persist in believing that the. Herald has
been grossly misinformed. It would be doing the
greatest injustice to Lord PALMERSTON, and the
Government of which he is a member, to suppose it
possible, on the mere authority of an anonymous
Correspondent of a Tory Jourr.al, that such an
article as is above indicated could find its way into
any treaty to which England was a party for set-
tling the affairs of the East. We have as yet
made no inquiry in any quarter, but we trust before
going to press to be able to announce that the
statement in the Herald is a groundless Tory fa-
brication—as false as it is meant to be mischievous

Since the above observations were written, we
have learnt from excellent authority, and can state
positively, that the information given by the
Herald is INCORRECT. It will not, however,
by such slap-dash, hap-hazard statements force the
Ministers to enlighten its ignorance till the. proper
time comes to make the treat) public.

It will be seen, horn an advertisement heade,
" Doncaster Races," that the North Midland Rail

A letter in cur Paper of yesterday from Mr. 1'
A. Sm mt, Secretary to the Chinch of England
Temperance Society, sets the tactics of the clergy
in a clear light. They never troubled themselves
to promote temperance amongst the people, except
by demanding restrictive measures on giw-selling,
and except, in their magisterial capacity, punish-
ing drunkards with much severity, till tempe-
rance had made considerable progress, when, find-
ing that they were likely to be left behind, instead
of keeping their place at the head of society, " they
aroused themselves," and endeavoured to turn a
movement to their advantage they had no hand in
orginating. We have no objection to accept them
as auxiliaries in a good work, but we shall object
to their founding, on any little help they may now
give, a claim to the lion's share of the honours.
The "jolly full-bottle" men are not adapted to aid this
cause ; and temperance, according to the discipline of
our National Churelyvould be a bottle ot port daily
fur a Rector, and two bottles of Burgundy, or some
equally agreeable French wine, every day for a
Bishop. Oxford is ,famous for teaching men how
to carry their wine well, and to take a great deal of it.
A Temperance Society, according to the disclipine
of the National Church, would either be a society
, of wine-bibhers, or it would require a total reform
in the Church r:self, beginning with its seminaries.

way Company engage to convey passengers from
London to Doncaster in eight hours and a quarter
—a distance which not very many years ago could
not be performed in less than two days, and which
at the present time, even by tire best coaches, re-
quires twenty hours. There are to be first, second,
and third class carriages, and considering the fin,
weather, the numerous railroads that run through
the populous districts in the north-west, and the
attractions of the place of rendezvous, the,, will
probably be a greater concourse of people on tl is
occasion than ever before assembled at Doncaster.
We have no doubt that the Directors of the different
Companies will, for the sake of humanity, as well
as for their own interest, make such regulations,
and issue such orders to their officers as shall effec-
tuallyi.);of anyptrhei‘s'egnrteat na
fatiotatl
:al accidentsnleeting. from marrit, the

quences.
However wildly some persons may have written;
no one, we presume, particularly after Sir Ro-
BERT PEEL'S declaration in favour of manufac-
tures, as the source of the national greatness and
of the wealth of the landowners, will now really
propose that our manufactures should be wilfully al-
lowed to decline, or expect that, should they decline,
the nation can preserve her eminence as a first-rate
power. But it is perfectly clear, from what the
Herald's Correspondent says, that they will, and
intht decline, as other nations attain our manufac-
turing skill, and have, in addition, the advantage of
cheap and abundant food. Our people in hundreds
carry their skill to Ghent and other places, and the
question, therefore, reduces itself to this, whether,
p p
ofi ly
the tran-
remove
in the competition to produce cheaply, Englishmen
with cheap food will not beat Englishmen with dear
food. There can be no doubt of the result ; and as
neither Belgiutn nor Switzerland excite political ifla
furtherl s o
disturbancef
Tuesday
i
animosity by great political preponderance, they
will gradually supplant the manufactures of Britain quillity of the capital. Notwithstanding the vio-
in the markets of the world. lent attitude of tr,e workmen on Monday evening,
The failure of one Manchester Manufacturer the night passed over without the occurrence of a
within this day or two has had a great effect on the allria'llperePhaerr,ssiojnOsuro
single outrage, and on Tuesday morning the aspect
Sock and Share markets. Railway shares have of the city was as orderly as at any period dining
fallen about IS percent. That single failure, then, has months—thanks to the presence of
the last three
caused a very great depreciation in the value of much jittery force. s •
All revelations of State secrets are now made by an overwhelming military till there could
property, and may serve to shadow forth to the land-said to be any abatement of the popular
lords Tor Press. The Morning Post comtnuni- hardly be
lords the consequences which will ensue when le were
cared to the Ministerial Chronicle the news of the discontent. The people silent, but it was the
manufacturer after manufacturer is obliged to wind
existence of the Quadruple Treaty ; the same high sullen silence of disappointment, if not dispair-
up his concerns, when mill after mill stops, and
Tory organ was the first to publish Lord PAL- Under the head " PeatCeT orh \\,rar ' our readers will
when even the present dirt, poverty, and squalor
MERSTON S note to M. GOIZOT of the 15th of find in another part ° . e. "S" extracts from the
of Manchester shall be considered far preferable to
the stillness of complete desolation. It is
quite July ; and now we have the Morning Herald anti- leading French Journals of Tuesday on this im-
impossible, with a press glorying in every improve-
cipating the publication of the text of the Treaty portant subject.
of London, by making known the purport of one On the Eastern question the French Govern-
ment made in the arts, and wafting it to every
of its most important articles. The Sun, which • ii obstinate determination to abide
quarter of the world, that any nation, and par- merit dtsplays a
while it supports the honest measures of Ministers, isolated policy which it has already
ticularly England, can now preserve a monopoly of by the line of
Nations all tend to one level— never sacrifices its independence,
.and never deviates indicated. To revenge a fancied insult it professes
any kind of skill.
from the advocacy of what it conceives most con- to risk the consequences of a war
we cannot prevent other nations from sharing all a willingness
ducive to the welfare of the country and the
our advantages, and if we will exclude ourselves 1 which may embroil all Europe. By yet uniting
advancement of Liberal principles, has England, France could in an instant
from theirs, they will rise above us. They possess n° 1 herself with
reason to complain of the monopoly of early
our manufacturing skill, and it is a sulky, if not a official I arrest the march of a Russian force to the protec-
suicidal policy, to exclude ourselves from their news enjoyed by Tory Journals. Not so, how- t tion of Turkey, as MEUEMET ALI, in such a
ever, the mere mouthpieces of the Treasury. ', case, would readily accept the ultimatum of the
cheap food.
At no period were nations making so rapi,l a The ( broeiele and the Globe may reasonably Come rs
kir reat Powers. But, no. AI. THIERS is not
progress in the peaceful acts as at present, and at plain of their no longer having the crumbs of intel- sufficiently a hero to sacrifice his individual re-
no period was commercial competition betwixt them , ligeuce which fall from the Council Board divided . , entment at the shrine of European peace. Having

told France that she was insulted, he dleana her
ridicule too much to confess himself mistaken.
From Madrid the latest news is of the Ist inst.,
but it merely confirms the accounts brought by
telegraph of the commotion in that capital conse-
quent upon the appointment of a Moderado Cabi-
net. Some shots were fired by some National
Guards and a troop of the line, when, unfortu-
nately, one man was killed and four wounded. At
nine o'clock at night the city was quite tranquil.

The King arrived at the Tuilieries yesterday at
noon. His Majesty was accompanied by the Queen
and Madame Adelaide.

At one o'clock he presided in a Council of Minis-
ters. His Maje,ty dined and slept at Paris.
Yesterday eteniug, at nine o'clock, the Dukes of Or-
leans, Nemours, and Auuiale, arrived from Chantilly.
The Sieele ann.uncei that M. Audry de Puyraveau,
nephew of the deputy, has been arrested.
The .Journal du Havre, of 7th September, says—
" The military engineers, in consequence of new orders
received, are actively engaged in arming the coast.
They have already visited on the coast from this town
to Fecamp, the several points which may be defended,
and at which it might be necessary to erect batteries."—
Le Constilutionnel.

We have received today news from Algiers of the
31st of August. The heat was still very great, and
caused much sickness both among the troops and the
inhabitants. The convoy to Blidab having returned
without the troops, it was inferred that they had pushed
on Medeah by the new road. It was reported that
a European, who had come from Medeah in the dress of
an Ambassador, brought word that we had many sick
at Medeah and at Miliana, and that the biscuit left for
the troops was spoiled. Perhaps these accounts may
have caused the sending of provisions and reinforce•
ments to be hastened.

Letters from Philippeville of the 28th August an-
nounce the appearance of the brother of Abd-el•Kader
with 4,500 horsemen in the Medjana. Having been
repulsed by the Kabyles from the passage of the
Iron Gates, which is blocked, as we have said, by
abattis of trees and rocks, he must have taken the
ancient Roman road to penetrate into the province.
Colonel Levasscur of the 22d, commanding at Setif,
writes that he drove back the new combatants towards
Braz•e!• ()nod. The Emir's brother is summoning all
the population to arms, and some smart actions have
already taken place. A squadron of the sth Light
Horse, while foraging in the environs of Setif, was
attacked by a great' body of Arab cavalry. Though
much inferior in number they attacked the enemy with
great ithpetuosity, caused them enormous loss, and re-
covered two chasseurs who had been made prisoners.
They lost 20 men in this brilliant action. The infantry
hastened from the camp to the scene of action, and put
an end to the engagement, which.might have been fa-
tal to us but for the calmness and judgment and energy
of the Captaia commanding the 3d squadron, and the
tried courage of the chasseurs of Africa.

Sickness is still very prevalent at Philippeville. The
mortality is not great, but the number of sick consi-
derably exceeds that of last year at the same time.—
Le Commerce.

BERLIN, AUG. 30.—Letters from St. Petersburgh
bring the important news that orders have been sent
from the Russian Admiralty to Cronstadt immediately
to send 18 men-of-war to the Mediterranean. When
these 18 sail shall have joined the squadron under the
command of Admiral Stoplord, he will have a fleet of
48 sail, viz., 22 Engiish,4 Austrian, 4 Turkish, and 18
Russian. Bes'des these some English ships of the
fine will shortly be ordered to re-inforce the fleet in the
Levant.

VIENNA, AUG. 31.—Count St. Aulaire is expected
shortly at the Hotel of the French Legation. It is
thought he may return from Marienbad to-morrow or
the day following. Prince Metternich is expected be-
tween the Bth and 12th.

BOURSE.-PARIS, TVECDAT, SEPT. 8.

t irtt

tilgtirst Lowest

Price Price. Price. Price
French S per Cents lO3 25 ... 109 95 ... 10,1 10 ... 10i 15
3 per Cents 77 19 77 10 ... 76 50 ... 79 75
'lank 01 r ranc:.
Liitfitte Bank 5,900 f. Sh
;eigian Bank
5 per Cents 99 ... 59 ... 99 ... 49
3 rer Cents O7 ... 67 ... (16 5,-: ... (i 6 20
:panish Active il ... :14% ... 24 ... 24
Passive SA, ... 5h ... 54,1. ... 544
7ea 1;9 ... 99 ... OS 5•3 ... 148 5
Ronan 99 ... 1:9% ... 19 ... 99%

RAILWAY SHARES,
St. Germain
versailles, It. B 4SU ... 450 ... 4to ... 450
L.B.
Orleans .. 450 ...4:A ... 445 ... 445
Strasburg to Bale 342 ! 0 ... 312 tO ... :140 ... 34)
41ELGIAN t UNer DS—Mtusguts, SEPT. 8.
Actual Debt, 21,i p Ccnt.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per C,nt !,9
Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent. 92
3 per Cent.

Thirty.seven--:---
Loan of City, 18312, 4 per Cent
Society of CoVnmerce, Y;,per Cent II9
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent B2
National Society .

Exchange on Loudon (shot t)
—Brussels Papers, Sept. 5.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIENNA, Aua. 31
five perSi.nts. Metalliques • lO7
Fear per Cele g
Three per Cents.
Bank Shares 1717
....AUgemeine Zen ung, Sept. 4.

NEW LAMP.— Wo have been much gratified with
the sight of Mr. Motley's very simple yet ingenious
machine—a lamp for burning tallow or other inflam-
mable concrete substances, producing a light nearly
equal to gas, at half the expense of sperm oil, and
nearly as cheap as the commonest fish oil, thus doing
away with the very reasonable objection which applies
to oils, especially of the common kind. Mr. Motley,
we understand, has taken out a patent, and, as far as
we can judge, he will be amply compensated for his ex-
pense and trouble. The light is beautiful, resembling
gas-light, but without the intense heat. The machinery
of the lamp is extremely simple. Any one can trim
it in a few seconds.

CONSTANTINOPE, AUG. 19.—The Turkish
fleet, consisting of one line-of•battle ship, one frigate, and
two sloops, &c., under the command of Captain Walker,
R.N., wi'l probably leave to-morrow. There are four
English vessels deeply laden reported at the Dardanelles,
among them the Fides, from Cardiff.
GENOA, SEPT. 3.—A private letter from Alex-
andr;a, in Egypt, of the 17th August, reports th:it, a plot
had been discovered among some officers of the fleet, to
burn the Turkish and Egyptian fleets in that port, ar.d
that several officers had been arrested, and some of them
put to deats.
ALPACIIA Woot,.—The following observations
on the introductio❑ of a species of Auchenia into Britain,
for the purpose of obtaining wool, will prove generally in-
teresting to manufacturers, but particularly to wool-grow-
ers. The extract is made from the report of the proceed-
,n2s of the British Association at Birmingham, in August,
1539. " Samples and manufactured specimens of Alpacha
wool, in imitation of silk, and (without dye) as black a:
jet, were exhibited by William Danson, Esq., of Liver-
pool, who stated that the animals producing it ought to be
propagated in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
To the two latter places the Alpacha is well suited, being
an inhabitant of the Cordilleras, or mountainous district

in Peru. Importations have already taken place to the
extent of one million of pounds, and are likely to in-
creme. There are five specimens of Llamas, of which
the Alpacha has fine wool six or twelve inches long, as
shown by the specimens exhibited ; the Llamas, of which
the hair is very coarse ; and the Vicuna, which has a very
short fire wool, more of the beaver cast. The Earl of
Derby has propagated the Alpacha in his private menagerie
at Knowsley, end Mr. Danson understood that Mr. Ste-
phenson, at ()ban, in Scotland, has a few of these ani-
mals. The wool of these animals would not enter into
competition with the wool of the sheep, but rather with
silk. It is capable of the finest manufacture, and is spe-
cially suited to the fine shawl trade of Paisley, Glasgow,
&c. The yarns spun from it are already sent to France in
large quantities, at from 6s. to 12s. 63. per pound, the
price of the raw Alpacha wool being now 2s. and 2s. 6d.
per pound."
POETRY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE PEOPLE.
—" Don't you feel how naughty it is of you," resumed
Miss Monflathers, "to be a wax-work child, when you
might have the proud consciousness of assisting, to the ex-
tent of your infant powers, the manufactures of your country,
of improving your mind by the constant contemplation
of the steam-engine; and of earning a comfortable and
nnependent subsistence of from two- and-nineponee to
three shillings per week ? Don't you know that the
harder you are at work, the happier you arc?—" ' How
Both the little'"—murmured one of the teachers, in quo-
tation from Doctor Watts. "Eh ?" said Miss Mortla-
tilers, turning smartly round. " Who said that ?" Of
course the teacher who had not said it, indicated the rival
who had, whom Miss Monflathers frowningly requested to
hold her peace ; by that means throwing the informing
teacher into raptures of Joy. " The little busy bee," said.
Miss Monflathers. drawing herself up, is applicable
only to genteel children.
In books, or work, or healthful play'
is quite right as far as they are concerned ; and the work
means painting on velvet, fancy needle-work, or embroi-
dery. In such cases as these," pointing to Nell, with her
parasol, " and in the case of all poor people's children,
we should read it thus :
In work, work, work. In work alway
Let my first years be past,
That I may give for ev'ry day
Some good account at last.' "
A deep hunt of applause rose not only from the two
teachers, but from all the pupils, who were equally: asto-
nished to hear Miss Monflathers improvising after this bril-
liant style ; fur although she had been long known as a
politician. she bad never appeared before as an original
poet.—Master llamphrey's Clock, No, 23.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS IN VENICE.—
All Italy is distinguished for the number of its charitable
institutions ; and in this respect, Venice and Lombardy
certainly hold as prominent a place as any other part. of
the country. There is one house within the c!ty in which
700 pour people are lodged, and many more bare free
lodgings and receive pecuniary aEsistance out of the
establishment. There is an orphan house for about 335
children, an infirmary for 36 women, a wealthy institution
for the reception of peni ent women, r n hospital capable. of
receiving 1,000 patients, a house ot ,ducaliors for
'may
&z., and the reve
young girls, a foundling hospital, nues,
chiefly arts'ng from endowments, amount to about 580,000
fl..ains.—.Rawner's Italy and Ili • Italians.