The Sun.
London, England, 1847-09-01 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

THE MAILS.—SOUTHAMrTON, AUG. 31.—The
Oriental Comp tny'e stearn-packet Montrose, Captain
Olive, arr:vt d from Italy at nine o'clock, a.m., this day,
and took her usual station in the docks. Her dates are
Civita Vecchia, Aug 14; Leghorn, 16; Genoa, 19; and
Gibraltar, 24. The Montrose brings the following pas-
sengers,—two Misses Gilles, two Misses Watford, Mrs.
Green and child, Mrs. Mackey, Mcs. Bohn and child,
Miss Spiers, and Miss Fakey; also a very full cargo,
consisting of silks, works of art, anchovies, paper for
exportation, gums, oil, paste, &c., from Italy; from Gib-
raltar, 475 boxes of almonds. 208 cases of lemons, a
quer tity of leeches, &c. No British ships of war were
at the Italian ports. Her Majesty's ships Trafalgar,
Hibernia, and Superb left Gibraltar on the moroing of
the 24th for the eastward; the day the Montrose started
the Virago and Gladiator steamers were at Gihraltar.
The Montrose passed the Peninsular packet Jupiter.
ho ,nd to Gibraltar, on the night of the 24'h off Cepe
Trafalgar; and off Cape St. Maria passed the Indus with
the Indian mails for Alexandria, on the 25th. Overland
dispatches to England from the Italian ports base been
received since the, departure of the Montrose from those
ports. She lauded several pa- sengers at Gibraltar from
Genoa, &c. On Aug. 30, off the Start, S. W. 70 miles,
she spoke the Danish schooner Narnon, from Lison to
Lendon, out eight weeks, and supplied her withb water
sad provisiene,
A COUNTY COURT IN THE CITY OFLONDON.—Op
the 29th inet. an Act of Parliament, paes.. don the 23d
of July, will come into operation, entitled, " An Act
for the more easy recovery of small debts and demands
within the city of London, and the liberties thereof."
The Act contains 128 sections with a schedule of fees;
many of the provisions, as also the table of fees, have
been copied from the New County Courts' Act. The
Court of Requests in the city of London i
i t o be abo-
lished. " And whereas the city of London s a county
of itself; and whereas the Sheriffs' Court for
the citycog of
London is a court of ancient jurisdiction, having -
nizance of all pleas of personal action to any atnount ;
and whereas it is expedient that the manner of pro-
ceeding in the said court for the recovery of small
debts and demands should ba altered and regulated."
On and after the day named actions may be commenced
in the Sheriffs' Court, for sums or damages not above
201., to be heard and determined under the provisions
of this Act. All other proceedings may be carried on as
if this Act had not passed. The mayor,aldermen, and com-
mons are to appoint the place and days for holding the
Sheriffs' Court for the purposes of this Act, and the
order for holding the first court is to be advertised, and
notice given for the period of at least one month, before
the day appointed for the first holding of the court. The
, judge of the Sheriffs' Court (Mr. Commissioner Bullock)
is to be the judge under this Act. In actions above 51.
a jury of five may be summoned, as in the New County
Courts. By the 40th clause it is declared that a sum-
mons (the action being by plaint and not by writ) may
issue, provided the defendant, or one of the defendants,
shall have dwelt or carried on his business therein at
some time within six calendar months next before the
time of the action brought, or if the cause of action
arose therein. The Recorder and the Judge of the
Sheriffs' Court are to frame all new rules and orders,
subject to the approval of the three chiefs of the com-
mon law courts. The parties, as well as their wives,
may be examined on the trial. Any goal in the city of
London may be used as a prison for the purposes of this
Act. A bailiff and other officers are to be appointed,
and by a special provision it is declared that the officers
performing duties in the Court of Requests, may be ap-
pointed under this Act.
CnAnos or MANSLAUGHTER.—Yesterday Mr. W.
Carter held an inquest at the Bedford Arms, East-lane,
Walwortb, on the body of Mrs. Mary Olds. She died
on Thursday, and her husband is at present in custody.
It appeared that the deceased had managed• to hoard
upwards of 901. Her husband, on Saturday week, in-
sisted on having some of it, and on her refusing made a
violent assault upon her. He caught her by the throat,
and while on the ground knelt on her chest. Her son,
a lad of sixteen years of age, ran to the station-house,
stating that his father was murdering his mother. The
policeinterfered, hut on the follewinte Therst'ay the de-
ceased died from the effects of the injuries she received.
The
jury returned a verdict of " Manslaughter" against
the husband.
Oetteinaus ACCIDENT.—Last night, about nine
o'clock, a lady named Walbourn, residing at 13A, Tor-
rington square,
the horses draviine; an omnibus, New Bromntn was knocked down by
court-road and Olsrues'steteetsh, et
ace'rer.!-e,re:lsf Tot-
tenhampass:
ing over her abdomen. Her daughter, aged four years,
who was with her, escaped most miraculously with some
trifling injuries inflicted la
,the horses' Was.

ARDVERTKIE, Auo. 29. On Friday the Earl of
Aberdeen arrived on a visit to her Majesty.
On Saturday the only additions to the royal party
were the Marquis of Abercorn and the Earl of Aber-
deen.
This day (Sunday) her Majesty and the Prince
and the royal household attended the performance of
Divine service at Ardverikie.

Dispatches were sent off yesterday evening from the
Colonial-office for the Governor of New South Wales,
and also for the Governor of Van Diemen's Land.

SIR R. PEEL'S CURRENCY BILL
TO THE EDITOR ()F THE. SUN.
Sin,—When so many complaints are made against
Sir R. Peel's Currency Bill of 1844, I have to re-
quest that you will give insertion to the following
extract from a pamphlet which I published seven
years ago, under the title of " Reflections on the
Currency, by a Yorkshire ALinufacturer.”
This extract against the principle of allowing the
entire circulation of the country to be increased or
diminished in exact amount with the quantity of
bullion imported or exported, was written before Sir
Robert Peel induced Parliament to sanction this
principle as the law for regulating the currency; and
it is for your readers to judge how far the working
of the present Act has verified my expectations, both
in stimulating the railway speculations of 1845, by
making money so excessively cheap, and has since
prostrated the commerce of the country by greater
pressure than need have been the case, if the principle
in use for arranging the monetary transactions of dis•
tent parts of the same country with each other was
acknowledged in regulating our transactions with
foreigners; and it is only reasonable to expect that
as our transactions with foreigners increase in extent,
the necessity becomes still greater of placing our
currency on a proper footing, or our seasons cf
scarcity and abundance of money will probably
become more frequent and severe.
I remain, Sir, yours respectfully,
A YORKSHIRE MANUFACTURER.
Aug. 28, 1847.
The following is the extract referred to :
" The internal currency of the country is regulated
by each town or district borrowing from or lending to
tie others, as circumstances require, through the
medium of the London money market, and we conceive
the same principles are equally applicable to regulate
the currency of the whole country with that of other
countries.
" We will just imagine what would be the effect if the
internal circulation of each county or district was con-
fined to one bank of issue, and their separate issues
were contracted 50d increased in exact proportion to
the amount of bullion which they each possessed, by
supposing the bulk of the agricultural produce of Lin-
colnshire to be generally sold to the manufacturing popu-
lation of Yorkshire, and that the Lincolnshire farmer
in return buys most of his clothing from the Yorkshire
manufacturer. Teen) corms an unfavourable season for
aericulture throughout the country, but it so happens
that in Lincolnshire agricultural produee is more than
usually abundant, and although this difference may
rarely occur between two adjoining districts in the same
country, it is of frequent occurrence when applied to
the productions of more distant places; the season being
on the average bad, agricultural produce will rise in
value, but the Lincolnshire farmer having more than a
usual supply, is enabled to sell an increased amount of
his produce to the Yorkshire manufacturer, and will
require in return an increased qiutetity of manufactures
to be sent in exchange, or the difference paid in specie ;
b :t specie being sent, will cause the Lincolnshire banker
to make au equal increase in hi: paper circulation,
thereby raising prices in Lincolnshire, whilst the York-
shire banker must at the same time diminish his circula-
ti•in, in order to lower prices in Yorkshire. to such a
degree as will cause the specie to return. But during
this roc ss the Lincolnshire farmer will sell corn high
and purchase his clothing at a low price, and thus it will
be tioubtiul whether all the gold which could possibly
be drained from Yorkshire would be sufficient to adjust
the balance, without the assistance of the Lincolnshire
people purcha-ing more than a usual supply of clothing;
and this surplus must either be held by the speculator,
or each individual must purchase clothes for some time
to max, or must be clothed in a much more costly
'Definer. But this is an unnatural state of things, and
can only be of short duration, for while agricultural
produce in the other districts in England has been
limited, the Yorkshire manufacturer has been
forced to sell clothing to the Lincolnshire farmer
at lower prices than he could afford to make them
for, and still take dear corn in exchange. But the
next season we will suppose the case to be reversed ;
agricultural produce is every where abundant ex
cept in Lincolnshire, where they have little more than
will supply their own wants ; if they still continue to
purchase clothing as good and as costly as they got last
year, they must give more for it, and still take less for
heir agriculiurol produce, as the Yorkshire manufac-
turer his now various other customers wanting clothing,
and they possess abund ince of agricultural produce to
give in exchange; thus the gold must now flow out of
Lincolnshire into Yorkshire, to purchase clothing for
those who can still afford to buy it; this causes a con
traction of the Lincolnshire circulation to bring it back
again, by lowering prices, but it still leaves the inhabi-
tants to go poorly clothed during some years, and ex-
pensively clothed in others.
"This is a just specimen of the alternate prosperity and
depression which would always occur in the different
districts of this country, if the circulation of each dis-
trict was regulated by that system, which is by some
considered to be the only sound principle on which to
regulate the currency of the whole country. We will
now contrast it with thet more improved system, by
which all the productions of one particular district in
this country, as compared with that of others, are so
balanced as to be of the greatest possible advantage to
the whole, and a system most intimately connected with
its prosperity as a commercial nation.
" In the supposed case, under our present admirable
system for regulating the internal circulation, if the
Lqacpbedongruiiilsiendiulntcrscolnishire farmer sells a greater amount of agricul-
tararalesiiilohsptcpu,aitarrsimtyetothomadoeebbluxaelalbncienaaetekliuleaonstendhnironsLEufaentortdtheniuuoessdorsheafovusalnaadecl,lsjujuitrturoweaoecsttuuhtoeteilhirradaceeotth,:ifih;nouenipoioibr,ctrreeoilkinoasbnstiaphhyghyediiirmropndiergattrkyhmiatd.,:uiohanshantiirrointeuereg-tfhakahhiscsebasehetiuuuelLvettrtehriebharnearyneyit
time when Yorkshire is much depressed—but the greater
portion of this capital is invested in the purchase of Go-
vernment securities, or is sent to be employed by the
London bill• broker, either of which will be of service to
the Yorkshire banker—one by finding him a purchaser
for securities which he may wish to realise, in order to
obtain capital which he can employ better at home—
and the other by enabling the bill-broker to discount
bills for the Yorkshire banker, which he may require to
eiiublo him to assist his manufacturing customer, while
he is tit able to sell his goods. These transactions will.
eventually adjust themselves when capital becomes more
abundant in Y, rkAire, the London money market at all
times taking off the surplus capital of one district and
supplying the wants of others."

Letters from Rome state that on the 13th instant
the Pope paid a private visit to tilt> Rev. J. IL Newman,
at the house of Santa Croce Tbo oirownstexce bad
attracted attention.