The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-04 00:00:00

Men, however, are now too well aware of the
force of language to be made fools of by abstract
terms. A system of politics or a law is nothing
more than the expression of the will of those
who decree it; and if the system be bad, their
will is in fault. Independently of them, the law
is a mere bit of spoiled parchment, and the
silly attempt of the Times to exonerate the
yeomen, clergy, and gentry from blame, by
blaming the system, is a proof that it
is impossible for a man to serve two
masters. Humanity and the aristocracy are at
war, and neither of them will long tolerate the
cunning sutler, who, from an anxiety to build up
his own power, alternately cajoles, abuses, and
makes war upon both.

of the slightest interest. The organs of the Court
including, of course, the Presse and the Journal
des Debats, repudiate the proposal to replace,
M. SAUZET by M. DE LAMARTINE as Presi-
dent of the Chamber of Deputies. Both are Mi-
nisterial men, and the attempt to place them in
opposition to each other, the Journals denounce
as a trick of the Opposition—clever, certainly,
but which will be unsuccessful.
A letter from Bourges, in the France, states that the con-
sort of Don Carlos is entirely recovered from her indis-
position.— Galignanis Messenger, Dec. 2.
PARIS, DEC. 2.—The last accounts from Bosnia and
the Herzegowina are still afflicting. The unhappy Bos-
nian Christians who took part in the late insurrection,
and who escaped from the axe of the executioner, are
now compelled to live in the forests. As to those who
took no part in the movement, they are not the less ex-
posed to persecution. The Vladika continues his excur-
sions on the Turkish territory with success, and it is easy
to foresee that in the event of a new insurrection of the
Christians in Turkey, if it should be at all general, this
chief is destined to play a leading part in it. The Em-
peror of Austria has sent to the Vizier of Bosnia a silver
gilt sugar basin, in order to remind him that the friend-
ship of this monarch is as sweet as the produce of the
sugar cane, and he has added to the sugar basin a valu-
able drinking cup, with the expression of a hope that
the Vizier may empty it frequently to the health of the
two monarchs who are united for the welfare of humanity.
The trial of the persons implicated in the republican
plot, which broke out at Marseilles on the 23d of March
last, the ramifications of which extended to the districts
of Orange, Avignon, and Carpentras, commenced on the
27th of November, before the Court of Assize of the
mouth of the Rhine.
As early as eight in the morning an immense crowd
filled the avenue to the Court of Justice. Two corn-
pAnies of the 31st regiment were stationed in the Court-
yard. The accused were 53 in number.
After the' reading of the indictment the Attorney-
General stated the case for tho accused. Rana Gittotier,
Martin, and Ravel, were interrogated ; all four retracted
their previous declarations, and positively denied all the
imputed facts to them in the indictment.—Constitutionnel.
On Tuesday Queen Christina of Spain dined with
their Majesties. The Prince and Princess d'Angola,
Count and Countess de Toreno, M. Zea Bermudez, M.
Zea Colombi, General Bernelle, late Commander of the
Foreign Legion in Spain, Admiral Rosamel, and Captain
Leray, of the Navy, were of the Royal party. In the
evening the King and Queen received Marshal Soult, the
Duke de la Rochefoucault, the Duke de Massa, the
Marquis de Louvois, M. de la Villegontier, the Count de
Segur, the Count de Bondy, M. de Gasparin, the Count
de Simeon, Baron Feutrier, and General Saint Simon.
The plains between Beaumont and l'lsle Adam are
entirely inundated by the overflowing of the banks of
the Oise.
The Journal General de Plnstruction Publique says
The Municipal Council of Paris have just resolved
that teachers of both sexes in the municipal schools,
after five years' service and constant good conduct, may
have their salaries increased from 2,000 fr. up to 2,400 fr.
for the male teachers, and 2,100 fr. for the females. All
, teachers now in the exercise of their functions will be
allowed to enjoy the benefit of this vote, from the Ist
January next."
The Minister of Foreign Affairs opened his saloons on
Tuesday evening for the first time since the close of the
last Session, and although nearly a month must elapse
before the commencement of the next Session, there was
a considerable affluence of men of political note. Nearly
all the foreign Ministers, a great many Peers, and a
greater number of Deputies were present.
The Gazette de France says that the proposition of M.
Remilly for rendering a seat in the Chamber of Deputies
incompatible with a Government appointment will cer-
tainly be renewed next Session.
A few days ago a young girl of fourteen, who was in
love with a young man living in the Rue Greniere-St.-
Lazare, left her mother's house, and joined her lover at
his residence. She was discovered there two days after-
wards by her mother and the Commissary of Police, and
compelled to return to her home. The young man,
although he declared that the girl had voluntarily gone
to him, which was confirmed by her, was taken into cus-
tody on a charge of seduction of a minor.
The sentence of death pronounced Jay the Court of
Assises of the Seine upon Huot, aged seventeen, for
attempt at murder and for theft, in the Wood of Vin-
cennes—a case which we mentioned some time ago—has
been commuted by the King into imprisonment with hard
labour for life.
" A letter from Athens," says the Temps, " states that
the disputes between the Ottoman and Greek Govern-
ments, concerning indemnities claimed by Turks for pro-
perty still held by Greeks, are settled. There now only
remain the arrangements for the district of Pthiotis, the
property of the mosques, and the questions of Eubcea and
Thebes, which are in suspense.
By a Royal Ordonnance, dated the 22d ult., a credit
of 100,000 francs is opened for the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, under the head of " frais d'etablissement," and
by another ordonnance of the same date 50,000 francs are
allowed fur extraordinary missions and unforeseen ex -
penses.
The Council-General of the hospitals of Paris has
i just decided on suppressing for a month the salary of a
chaplain of the Hotel Dieu, as a punishment for his
having attempted to extort confessions from the patients.
The Council has agreed to refer the consideration of
further proceedings against the almoner to the Ministers
of the Interior and Public Worship.
A few days ago, the Mayor of Lyons distributed the
forty livrets, or books-of-deposits, in the savings' banks
of twenty franca each, for which the Duke d'Aumale
left the amount when he passed through Lyons, with in-
structions than it should be divided amongst the most
deserving pupils of the communal schools. The deposits
have been divided equally between the ecoles chretienner
and the ecoles d'enseignement mutuel. Eight young
girls were among the number.
A physician keeping a maison de sante, and receiving
into his care a prisoner for debt, is responsible for his
safe custody, unless he can prove that the evasion of his
patient was the consequence of irresistible force. In
case of escape, the creditor suing the physician for da-
mages, is not bound to prove that it was the consequence
1 of neglect on the part of the physician, or those having
the direction of the establishment. This was declared
to bo the law in an action before the Cour Royale, which
came to a hearing on Tuesday. M. Boucheporn, Re-
ceiver-General of the Haute Marne, obtained a judgment
against Mr. John Irving, a Scotchman, for a debt of
46,740 f., upon which he was arrested and committed to
prison; and detainers were afterwards lodged against
him to the amount of 100,000 f. After three years' con-
finement, Mr. Irving, upon a medical certificate, obtained
an Order of Court, to be transferred to a maison de sante,
kept by a Dr. R., who thereupon undertook the safe cus-
tody of the debtor. On the 16th of May last, Mr. Irving,
in attending a lady who was in the habit of visiting him
to her carriage, as he had repeatedly done before, instead
of returning into the house, got into the carriage with
her, made off, and has been no more seen in France. The
facts being proved, and the arguments of the Counsel on
both sides being heard, the Court decided in favour of the
liability of the physician, and adjudged him to pay da-
mages to M. Boucheporn to the amount of 10,000 f., to-
gether with all his costs of suit.
The Droit states that it has received a letter from the
journeymen brassfounders, explaining the grounds upon
which they have struck work. They admit that they
have required the masters to diminish five hours a week
in their work, but deny that they have demanded any
increase of pay. They quote many cases of illness and
death arising from their excess of labour. At the same
time they deny the truth of the accusation brought against
them, of having endeavoured to turn from their work
such of their fellow-labourers as chose to remain em-
ployed. Some more arrests of ,these men were made
yesterday.
Rear-Admiral Parseval Dechene has been appointed
Maritime Prefect at Cherbourg, in the room cf Rear-
Admiral de Martineng, who is admitted into the second
section of the Staff of Admirals. In mentioning this
change, the Temps says, " The naval officers of the port
of Cherbourg have presented to Rear-Admiral Marti-
neng, in testimony of their esteem and regard on his
quitting the Maritime Prefecture of that station, a fine
painting of the battle of Algesiras, for his conduct
on which occasion M. de Martineng was pro-
moted from the rank of Capitaine de Fregate
to that of Capitaine de Vaisseau. The picture re-
presents the French division at anchor and the fleet of
Admiral de Saumarez coming down to the attack. Ad-
miral Linois' ship Formidable is seen in the fore-ground,
and near her the English ship Hannibal, which
was taken. In the distance is the Muiron frigate, Capt.
Martineng, who has sent 130 of his men to occupy Ile
Verte, where the British boats were going to take pos-
session of it, and one of which was sunk, and another
captured. On the picture are inscribed the names and
dates of all the principal actions in which the Admiral
has been engaged—namely, Port-au-Prince, in 1793 ;
Frejus, in 1793 ; Bull Bay, in 1790; Algesiras, in 1801;
the taking of Port-de-Paix, in 1802; Trafalgar, in 1805;
Ferrol!, in 1806 ; Cadiz, in 1808 ; and Arcos,_ in 1809."
On turning to the columns of the Annual Register for
1801, we find a long account of the action in the Bay of
Algesiras above alluded to, accompanied by a handsome
testimonial to the coolness and courage displayed in it
by the French. The substance of the narrative we
subjoin :—" The French squadron was that of the Ca-
d;z station, under Admiral Liuois, and consisted of two
80-gun ships, one 74, a frigate (that of Captain Marti-
neng), and several cutters. It lay at anchor off Algesi-
ras, on the 4th of July ; and Admiral de Saumarez, on
receiving information of this, resolved to attack the
French force. The British squadron consisted of three
84-gun ships, two 74 (one of which was the Hannibal),
a 40-gun frigate, and a 16-gun lugger. On the morning
of the sth he sailed towards the French squadron, but
was inconvenienced by light winds, which forced the
English frigate to come to an anchor, from the same cause
the llarnibal ran aground near one of the Spanish
batteries. These batteries were of formidable strength
at Algesiras, and they fired on the British ships
throughout the action. The battle was a sharp one,
and though Admiral de Saumarez endeavoured
to run between the Hannibal and the French squa-
dron and batteries, he could not do so on account of the
wind, and he was obliged to sail away. The Hannibal
) suapi is
nanthdisstr
rigginguck hsheortflaagw,
aayf,tearnhdalvviinthg
tl.4:_ of her crew killed or wounded. The total loss of
dhronß,litFohrnsihi idPasblelvas 375
killed
other hand, the two 80 gun ships of the French squa-
dron,
action, after tlltinl4-
the 74 was disabled fromeir . and wounded. On the
of that period claimed
Indomptable, were stranded in
nibal for one of the
assertedSpCaiaipisthainbsathtaedriebseenankdilletl
that the French loss in this '
service. The Madrid Gazette
the honour of capturing the Han-
and wounded. This battle was action was 800 killedif.c._
note read in all the theatres 0; announcedaris iitititiin official
twiaasl
stated that six British ships of the by
had been
an d
either taken or beaten back into Gibraltar by three

The inquest on the bodies of a poor woman of
the name of THOMPSON, and her infant child, at
Pennington, Lancashire, of which we published
the commencement on Thursday, terminated on
the afternoon of that day, when the Jury re-
turned the following verdict :—" That the de-
ceased being reduced to a state of extreme
want and mental suffering, came to the de-
termination of destroying herself; and, being
unwilling to leave her infant child behind,
destroyed her likewise." This amounts to
a verdict of murder and felo de se, and
the bodies of the mother and child, placed
in the same coffin, were committed to the earth
at a late hour in the evening, without the usual
rites of the Church. This is a heart-rending
story, surpassing anything possibly that fiction
ever invented. The accounts received leave
no doubt that the afflicted fellow- creature
who thus brought herself and child to an
untimely end, was an industrious hard-work-
ing woman, was greatly attached to her
children, and made every exertion to keep
herself and them out of the workhouse. She
struggled on, day after day, sometimes by wash-
ing, and at other times by weaving, making out
2s. 9d. a week to support herself and three chil-
dren; but finding all hopes of bettering her con-
dition vain, and worn out with hunger, suffer-
ing, and sorrow, she yielded at last to " out-
rageous fortune," and in a fit of despair put an
end to her child, whom she dearly loved—and then
hanged herself in the miserable abode, so long
the scene of her sufferings. The following brief
account by one of the witnesses, examined on
the first day, will enable the reader to judge
whether this picture is exaggerated :
On Saturday night week she had half-a-crown, and
bought some coals and potatoes for the ensuing week.
She earned Bd. in a house where she had been washing ;
and she got ad. from me. On Thursday night she bor-
rowed 6d , with which she bought 3d. worth of coals,
and 3d. worth of jannock bread. On Saturday night she
came in to pay me the 6d., but I would not take it from
her, although lam very poor myself. This was all the
money she had to support herself and three children for
the last week. She was a ♦ery hard-working clean
woman, and remarkably so according to her situation in
life. She had seldom more to live on, as far as I could
learn, than 2s. 6d. a week. James Smith, of Chowbent,
is the landlord of the cellar, and he sent bailiffs there
twice for the rent ; but, seeing her destitute condition,
they could not find it in their hearts to sell the few ar-
ticles of furniture she possessed.—[A gentleman present
stated that, on one occasion, the bailiff was so much
touched with her destitute condition, that he gave her
half-a-crown.] The deceased had three children by
Wood, the eldest of whom is a boy, seven years of age,
and the next a girl, about eighteen months old, and the
child that was drowned, who was eight months old.
For the rest of the evidence we refer to the
report in another part of the Paper, and on
reading it we can come to no other conclusion
than that the unfortunate woman and her child
fell victims to the severity of the Poor-law.
The cruelty of the bastardy clause, and the un-
fair advantage given by it to a heartless se.
ducer, we took every opportunity of press.
ing upon the notice of the public when the
Bill was before Parliament; yet the original
clause was agreed to with little modification,
and this sad catastrophe is one of the results.
The relieving officer at Leigh put this beyond
doubt. "There is," said he, "a general un-
willingness on the part of Unions to affiliate, on
account of the expense and difficulty of getting

the money from the fathers. They laugh at our
attaching their wages." The poor woman, no
doubt knew this well, she knew she could not
compel the father to maintain the children, and
she submitted to her fate. The Jury we consi-

der guilty of gross neglect of duty, in not poin

ing out the real cause of this lamentable event;
and pressing it on the attention of the Home
Secretary. They make no allusion to it
in their verdict, though the Foreman com-
mented in strong terms on the conduct of the
father " for not lending the mother and children
assistance." Out of evil, however, cometh good,

and, when the Act comes before Parliament foi
revision, this sad scene will not be forgotten
It is a scene disgraceful to the age

While the land abounds with wealth, while
Bishops and Peers and pensioners contrive to

wring vast sums from the hard-earned wages of
the working classes, while Parliament levies

rom them yearly enormous sums to put into the

pockets of a favoured class, a poor deserted

creature, of the same sex as - our beloved

SOVEREIGN, with three young children, and

anxious to work for their maintenance, is
doomed to live on five-pence a-day, and even,

that pittance failing, is driven to commit murder

and suicide in the hope of finding relief in that,

place " where the wicked cease from troubling,
and the weary are at rest." The severe
laws of the Church forbid her Christian

burial, but will she and her innocent offspring
sleep the less soundly, or will her merciful
CREATOR view as a crime the deed which stern

necessity and the cruel laws of man forced her in
_ _

an evil hour to commit ?

The Israelites were hardly treated when they
were required to make bricks without straw.
That was the essence of tyranny, when they were
in a state of servitude in a foreign country. To
us it seems that the people of England are now
treated worse than the Jews, when they were
worst treated in bondage. They are not required,

r indeed, to make bricks without straw, but, what
is harder, to provide a large revenue for the
State—enormous incomes for the owners of land
and tithes—and, at the same time, their hands
are tied, and they are not allowed to work.
They are required to pay by taxation, including
the sum levied for tithes, by the corn and
provision laws, and by parochial rates, at least
00,000,000/. a year, independently of rent
and profit on capital, which are paid by the an-
nual labour of the community ; and the power
which demands all these enormous sums from the
People at the same time interdicts much of their

trade, shuts up their mills, ar rests their ships in
harbour, or ties the hands of the people on whom
it makes these demands. The Egyptian bondage
of the Jews was nothing, compared to the bondage
of Englishmen in their own country in the nine-
teenth century.
Nobody
now denies that from some cause or
other distress overwhelms the producing classes.
now will dare to aver that this distress
i Nobody
sc a u
sed by idlenessoreNsviant ofskill in these classes.
~
The two
They are, without
on
industrious and the
ng exception, the most
mostle
skilful or the most
cpar
uo
sdeusc toifiretheir g workmen,regreat
distress are plain and
in existence
ctions placed
pal-
pable. The chief cause is the restri
all the
on their industry, which deprive them of the
means of
getting fbod, clothing, and
demanded
L omtbrts of life. Their hands are tied. Ti
second cause is the enormous sums
and taken from them by those who tie their
hands. Disguise. the matter as the Tory % titers
may—talking of over-trading, excess of credit,
wild speculations, and the conduct of other
nations—the plain fact is, that a great deal too
much is taken from the suffering producers by
laws, as above-mentioned, while insurmountable
obstacles are laid in their way of winning bread
for themselves. 'We practise, in truth, the most
odious tyranny on the producing classes; we re-1
quire them to maintain an immense and ever-in-
creasing number of unproductive classes, and, at
the same time, we actually prohibit the use of
those means by which the almost insatiable de-
mands might be met. This is odious tyranny.

The Paris Journals of Thursday, the whole of
which we have received, contain no political news

THE SUN) LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1841.

French ships, but no mention was made of the Spanish
batteries. The sth of July was called the Navil Ma-
rengo, and the destruction of the Modern Carthage was
predicted in an epigram much admired at the time be-
cause it had lost its llannibal. A week after this action,
the French squadron having succeeded in getting the
Hannibal afloat, and having been reinforced by five Spa-
nish sail of tho line under Admiral de Moreno, with
three frigates and a large number of gun-boats and smal-
ler vessels, sailed for Cadiz. Admiral tie Saumarez im-
mediately pursued them with the same number of ships
as he had before, only the Pompey, an eighty-four, which
could not get under weigh in time ' was replaced by the
Thames. At night the action began with the sternmost
ships of the French and Spanish squadrons, but only
four of the British ships were able to get seriously en-
gaged. After a sharp running fight, two of the largest
vessels of the combined squadron took fire and blew up,
two ethers (Spanish three-deckers carrying each 112
guns, ran foul of each other, and both sunk ; a third
struck her colours, and the remainder of the squadron
was totally dispersed. The French ship Formidable,
Captain Troade, was engaged by the Venerable, Captain
Hood, and was nearly silenced when the mainmast of the
latter was shot away, and the Formidable gut into Cadiz,
where ultimately the other ships of the combined squa-
drons, much shattered, took shelter. Admiral de San-
mares returned to Gibraltar to relit, and then proceeded
to Cadiz, which he blockaded. On the news of these
operations reaching England, the gallant Admiral re-
ceived the ribbon of the Order of the Bath."

THE EXCHEQUER BILL AFFAIR.—We have
been informed that, so long ago as 1837, a coin-
mu r ication was made to the then Chancellor of the
Exchequer, Mr. Spring Rice, that a consider-
able number of Exchequer bills were pledged
for differences on stock-jobbing accounts, which,
it was supposed, were not honestly come by.
No notice was taken of the communication, when
awes concluded that these Exchequer bills came
from some parties high in office, and reports
were immediately spread that Lord Palmerston
was jobbing in the Stocks. The Ministers suf-
fered in reputation for the faults or climes of
their subordinates. It is further said that the
late rise in Spanish Stock, in which Messrs.
Smith and Rapallo had transactions, would have
made those gentlemen quite right. Had the de-
tection of the fraud been postponed for a month,
they would have been able to pay their diffe-
rences, to have withdrawn their Exchequer
bills, and retired from the market with no incon-
siderable sum of money in theit pockets. If
such a thing be possible, who shall assure us
that such frauds have not beenpefore practised,
and that gentlemen, who have become very
opulent by serving the State, have not employed
means similar to those which have led Mr.
Smith, who has been less fbrtunate than they
were, to the bar of the Old Bailey ?

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS,
CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, DEC. 3.—We have had
a more active inquiry for Cotton during the whole of the
present week than for many previous—consumers having
shown an inclination to purchase rather more than their
immediate wants require ; yet, owing to the continued
anxiety on the part of importers to reduce their stocks,
prices have been rather irregular, though on the
whole we cannot make any decided alteration.
2,500 American taken on speculation, and 460 Pe-
ruvian, 360 Carthagena, and 250 Surat for export.
The total sales of the month amounted to 100,390 bales ;
of which 4,800 bales American, and 500 bales Surat,
were taken on speculation ; and 750 bales American,
460 bales Pernam, 360 bales Carthagena, and 1,900 bales
Surat, for export : 850 bales American, 50 bales Egyp-
tian, and 200 bales Surat, forwarded into the country
unsold.
LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, DEC. 3.—Eastern Coun-
ties Debentures, 9/. I Is. Bd. ; Great Western, Half
Shares, 57i ; London and South Western, 57i ; London
and Birmingham, 158 ; Ditto, 32/. Shares, 534 ; Ditto,
New Shares, 241 ; North Union, 25k.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC. 3.—There
has been no alteration in the state of this market to-day.
Manchester and Leeds, 584 ; Ditto Half Shares, 244 ;
Manchester and Birmingham, 23i ; Liverpool and Man-
chester, Old Quarters, 471 ; Bank of Manchester, 44.
THE FUNDS.

The British Market opened firm this morning, but
little business doing. Consols for the opening are now
881 ex. div. ; Three per Cents. Reduced, 883 3 ;
Three-and-a-Half per Cents. Reduced, 973 98 ; Exche-
quer Bills, 9 11 premium.
In the Foreign Market there is no variation except in
Spanish Stock, which are a shade lower than the closing
prices of yesterday, they are now 231 s ; Passive, 54 3 ;
Deferred, 114 12 ; Portuguese Fire per Cents. 331 34 ;
Ditto Three per Cents. 203 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half
per Cents. 52.1 ; ditto, Five per Cents. 993 ; Colombian,
201 4 ; Mexican, 25 253.
PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE.

RAILWAYS.
Bristol and Exeter ..... ...
Great Western
~,
Ditto Fifths ,
Gosport Junction ,
London and Brighton
London and BirmirVam ..

Paid. Per Share.
..60 .. ... 27i to
65 -
4
50
. 50 ...... 354:11 to
90

38-/ s6i to 5571
,GF.--tYESTERDAN).
Gibraltar...
Leghorn ..
Genoa
Milan
Venice
Naples 39,1
Palermo, per oz 119
Lisbon
Oporto 52
Rio Janeiro 27
Bahia
Buenos Ayres
New York, 21 days sight 461

London and South . estern
COURSE OF EXCHAI
Amsterdam CF. 12 74!
Ditto, at sight
Rotterdam .........2 U l2 8
Antwerp l2 7
Hamburgh M.B. 13 13
Altana
Paris, 3 days' sight
Ditto, 3 months 25 85
Marseilles
Bourdeaux 25 90
Frankfort on Maine... 1501
Petersburgh, 3Us ... 37
Berlin... 7

Vienna, effec. fl. 3M. 953
Trieste, ditto
Madrid ...

Cadiz '

'Philadelphia 46
PRICES OF BULLION, PER OZ,
Foreign Gold, bars £3 17 9
- -

:al Gold Coin

.0 0 0

Bilbao 36

••
,0 0 0

Barcolona

Seville ... 36

.0 4 10