The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-17 00:00:00

,§nn.

LONDON:
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1841.

The religious fermentation is not confined to
the University of Oxford. It agitates Germany,
and troubles even the ruffled waters of the
United States. The most untiring Bible readers
are growing dissatisfied with the administration
Of the Church of England, which, clahning to be
a political as well as religion .5 institution, has con-
tributed nothing to the social welfare and moral
improvement of the working classes. Every-
where the Church of Rome is exercising an in-
fluence hitherto unfelt since the period of the
Reformation. The New York papers loudly
complain that the Roman Catholics in that State
regulate all their political movements by the
direction „:the Cathol;c Bishop, who, under the
plea of watching over time education of children,
or advancing some,. religious object, contrives to
ieid an immettselx.)lCtical power. In Prussia,
two Prelate.; set the laws of the Monarchy at
defiance for upwards of two years, and in the end
were almost more than a match for the Sovereign.
In Bavaria, the bishop of Passau has not only
disobeyed the commatals of the Kind, but read
his Majesty a theological lc; titre, which ther, is
;to danger or his speedily fete getting. The given
Dowager of Bavant t universally respected for
her wreat kindness 't') the Poor, and ber many
otheivirtues, recemly died as she had lived, in
•, the Reform ed religiol• The Kiog ordered a
solemn funeral serviceto be performed for her in
% all the principal churches of Bavaria. 'When
• this mandate, dictated
by filialps!:t t was com-
,.
that proud
munieated to the Bishop of I ,as
~ , .
priest addressed a pastoral letter to the clergy
• his diozese, of which tlieptir,oort may be gathered
from the first p tragraph; whicit is as fullow3 •
iu-
" A desire may be felt by many intrusted iii our
eese with the cure of souls to know what description of
ri
religious ceremony ought to be performed on the occa-
-A
eiou of the lamented death of her Alajosty thi Queen
man
Dowager ; thereio and com
re acquaint .
the entire clergy of the diocese of Passau to abs. ..n.t d
this present case from Church religious observances of
very kind. such, according to the prescriptions of our
Holy Church, being only mual in cases of the decease of
members in,..orporated in the same. We especially for-
bid the off;•ring of the sacrifice of the mass, under pain
of suspension, and the putting up the prayers usual in
the Catholic Church for its deceased members."

The:Church of Rome does not pray for the
souls of dead bei•etics. This, in the fewest
wore, is the sum and substance of this pastoral
address. As Reformers deny the efficacy of
prayers for the dead, it would have been as well
:had such a Ruval iimodate not been addressed
'to the Roman Catholic priesthood. Still, having
`been 50 addreszed, the bold defiant attitude
assumed
thc.) Bis!!op in rejecting it, savours
Qt-R(11u in the palmiest days of her power.
The Archbishop of VIENNA has addressed a
pastoral letter to his clergy, forbidding them to
celebrate any marriage between a Catholic and
a Protestant, unless the parties first agree to
educate their children in the Catholic faith. I.
Is further stated to be the bounden duty of the
Roman Catholic husband or wife to make a con-
vert of her or Lis heretical helpmate. Here is
food for more troubles in Germany, for the Ger-
man Lutherans are never slow to retaliate any
blow coming from Rome. There, too, Mysticism
—a sort of German Puseyism—is at.work ; • and
bardly is there a single university in the German
States
in which Mysticism has not made exten-
sive inroads. Some of them regard the Bible as
a book of symbols ; and, by the majority of
them, many of the traditions of the Roman and

for the Total and Immediate Repeal of the Corn-
laws," of the rental of 100 parishes in Scotland,
which had increased, in the forty-five years pre-
ceding 1840, from 287,1391. to 744,2731. Now,
whatever portion orthat increase might have
arisen from the industry of the tenants, farmers,
and labourers, it is clear that the mere owners
and receivers of the rent, as such, did nothing
whatever to promote the increase, which was
mainly due to the stimulus given by the progress
of the manufacturing population. The landlords
have been enriched by the labours of those millo-
crats whom these Journals now most ungrate-
fully reproach with their wealth.
Amongst the millocrats are to be found a num-
b2r of ingenious inventors, and one and all of
them plan, arrange, and carry into effect the
vast operations of which they are at the head.
They do not enrich themselves without creating
a great quantity of employment for the people,
and in all the new arts they have brought for-
ward wages Lave necessarily been higher than
in the old arts. They have thus conferred

great benefits on the public, while they hay,
enriched themselves. The recipients of ren
have only lived hi splendour on the fruits of other
men's industry.

The millocrats have no especial protection
from the Legislature, farther than the common
protection given to all property. They have
passed no laws to tax the people for their ad-
vantage. They have grown rich by their own

exertions, with the exertions of the people, vlioin

hey have organized, instructed, and employed

landlordz, on the contrary, have had special
eetion, and exemption from taxation ; they
passed laws to tax the people for their ad-
age; they have kept their wealth, or added
by oppression ; and have only plagued the
Community by passing a number of bad laws in
in return for the wealth the community has be-
stowed on them.

[-)rotc

0 it,

Moreover, ti:e millocrats are under no obliga-
tion to the State fur their wealth ; they have ac-
quired it by their oxn exertions. On the kind-
lords the State has bestowed the land, and has
coupled the gift with conditions for the advan-
tage of the public, which the landlords have
evaded. Without therefore, entering into any
defence of the millocrats, as the Times calls them,
against the people, we can unhesitatingly assert,
that, as contradistinguished from the landlords,
they are as light to darkness. The wealth -of
the one is.mainly the result of honest industry,
the wealth of the . other is tile offspring of disho-
nesty- and extortion.

i The ',Ton are
The contest' at Oxford is of importance as 1
from an in_
Present system dm.
sign of the tines. Men's.opinions
la rel. • ' '
no more settled than in -politics•
useyite
scheme has sprung, like Chartism,
is here at
stinctive conviction that the
notanswer its intended pn rpose. Protestantism has
given birth to Dissent, and has not secured
- mo-
rality ; the Catholic Church in unity
an end, and the people are not faithful to their
pastors, so the Puseyites dig down to some old
foundations in order to rebuild the Catholic
Church in unity. Our political system has,
in like manner, given birth to much distress;
it has failed in its object, so far as the working-
classes are concerned, of securing their property
and promoting their prosperity, and like the Pu-
seyites, they go down to old tbundations, in order
to reconstruct society. Puseyism in the Church,
Chartism in the State, are both symptoms of the
same disease—namely, a felt and general convic-
tion that the present system is inefficacious and
untenable. - .

It is quite dear from the mass of Dissent, and

the growth of infidelity in the country, that the
Church no longer supplies, if ever it did supply,

Greek Churches are held to be co-equal in that resting place for man's faith, and that guide
authority to the preeepts of that saciett vohulie. ; to man's. hope, which the mind re(ittires, and ever
The mind of a great part of Europe is fist Seeks till it is obtained.. It is equally clear front
losing its moorings both in religion and
pontic :. the mass of political discOntent, and the perpe-
Safe anchorage for the soul, the Oxford divines Mal fitult-finding- in detail of M..)st of our laws
teach, is not to be found within the pale of the and institutions, even by Tory writers, that our
Church of England; and the condition of the political system no longer commands the confi-
working classes of this country is such as to take deuce or the nation, or • gives the people that
away from them all confidence in the wisdom , sense of security which essential to po-
and beneficence of an Administration not directed ' litical repose and peaceful industry. Which-
by themselves. It is a singular phenomenon in ever way the election at Oxford may be de-
the history of the world to see Oxford re-robed eided, and whichever party may momentarily
in superstitions too dark for the cloisters of Sa- triumph in the State, this great discrepancy be-
lamanca—to see the chain with which Popery tween the public mind and the Church, and the
bound Imperial Spain, but which that nation has pnblic mind and the State, will not be removed
nobly burst and cast from her, attempted to be nor lessened. Till they be adjusted, however—
rivetted by a knot of recreant priests upon the which we will be bold to say will require much
neck of Protestant England. And yet such is the time, and will not be accomplished by the Tory
spectacle now presented to astonished Europe. method of bringing the public mind into ac-
cordance with Church formulas, and diverg-
ing, warped, and shattered institutions, but by
rectifying them in accordance with the progress
of knowledge—till the Church and the State arc
made to answer the great objects of supplying a
resting place for faith, and giving a sense of se-
curity, theagitation in Church and State, whether
it assume the form of Puseyism and Chartism,
or any other forms, will not come to an end.
Those Tory Journals, such as the Morning
Post and the Times, which support Puseyistn
in the Church, seem to us somewhat in-
consistent in reprobating Chartism in the
State. Both are the offspring of the same
Principle, and both are equally disturbers
of established institutions. It is of no use for Mr.
PA LATER and the Post to protest that the Tracta-
rians are only going back to the strict letter of
the Rubric and the old ways of the primitive
Church, for they disturb the present order of
things in the Church, which has settled down to
a foundation very different from the Rubric and
the primitive Church. They are the authors of
schism, though they assert for themselves that
they are true members of the Catholic Church.
Their Church is avowedly not the Protestant
Church of England; they assert it is not the Papal
Church of Rome, but a Catholic or Universal
Church, buried under the pompous Church of
England and the meagre tabernacles of Dis-
sent, which they have exclusively found in
digging down to the foundations. In truth,
then, the Catholic Church of the Pusey-
ites is a Church of their own discovery
and creation, such as other people say never be-
fore existed, and which is as little likely to answer
the purposes of the Church as the Papal usurpa-
tion and its Anglican offspring. As yet its uni-
versality embraces only some hundred or two of
crotchetty, fidgetty, ambitious priests; and till
they obtain for it the assent of the majority of
the clergy and laity, however much they may
be delighted with their own faith, they must
suffer under the charge and the penalties of

The Journals of the landlords have of late
taken to abuse the millocrats, as the Times calls
the intelligent men who pla❑ and arrange, each
in his sphere, the whole manufacturing system,
and direct the exertions of numerous bodies of
workmen. Their great and recently acquired
wealth is made a reproach to them. They are
charged both with neglecting and oppressing
their labourers. They are held up to odium as
extortioners, mere money getters, who think of
nothing but how much toil they can extort for
the smallest possible reward. They are accused
of tasking infancy beyond its powers, and of al-
lowing it no holidays, of withholding adequate
wages from the able-bodied, and denying solace
and relief to those whose toils in their service
have caused premature decay.
Some, of these charges, and, in individual cases,
perhaps, all of them, are true. It cannot be de-
nied that, amongst the millowners, though some
are as mild and benevolent as Mr. STRUT; there
are others who are insensible to all generous
feelings. They share, to a large extent, it must
be admitted, the general vice, and steadily pur-
sue their way to wealth, whatever may be the
cost to humanity. Public events, as well as
private circumstances, have proved that many
swollen and bloated cotton lords have surpassed
the lords of the soil in arrogance, rapacity, and
pride. The complaints of the Truck, and Tom-
and-Jerry shops whichweie noticed in the Legis-
lature, still find an echo,in various parts of the
country, and prove that some masters are more
intent on getting wealth by plundering their
workmen, than by improving the arts, and reduc-
ing the cost of the articles they manufacture.
They have undoubtedly been too prone to imitate
the rapacity of the landlords, and, in gathering in
their own bountiful harvests, have not only left
nothing for the poor to glean, but have some-
times carried off their share of the crop, and re-
fused to pay them for their toil.
For several years there has •been an avowed
contest in England between capital and labour,
and the advantages,which have generally been on
the side of the former, have not often been used
with moderation. The combinations or unions
amongst the workmen, against which the masters
have said so much, have completely failed to
prevent excessive competition, and to keep up
the rate of wages. The present condition of the
labouring classes is a conclusive proof, that the
efforts of the labourers to defend them-
selves and improve their condition, have not
been successful. If their combinations could
have effected that object, which we believe they
could not, every reflecting man would regret
their failure. But as they have failed, and as
the capitalists have been almost uniformly suc-
cessful, it is clear that the labourers have been
in the long run at their mercy, and must have
accepted the terms their masters chose to offer
them. In saying a few words in defence of the
millocrats, as the Times calls them, we are far
from intending to become their champions as
against the labouring classes, but rather wish to
contrast their conduct and situation with those of
the landlord, and show how much more they
deserve of the community than the landed aris-

being schismatics.
Like the Puseyites, the Chartists protest that
they are only going back to the strict letter of
the Constitution and the old ways of their Saxon
ancestors. They are, nevertheless, held to be
disturbers, even by the Post. And the same
Journal which protects the Puseyite schismatics
as great religious teachers, would hang the Char-
tists for seeking to restore our ancient political
system.
The Chartists, like the Puseyites, assert for
themselves, that they have discovered the true
political system, but being as yet in a minority
their leaders are treated, like Messrs. NEWMAN
and PUSEY, as ambitious adventurers, intent on
gratifying their own personal ambition, not on
making the people free and happy. When
Chartism becomes the creed of the majority, it
will be our political system, but till then the
Chartists, like the Puseyites, will suffer under
the charge of being political disturbers.
That .Pusey ism will heal the disorders in the
Church, and Chartism rectify the disorders in
the State, is no faith of ours. Neither Dr.
PUSEY nor Mr. F. O'CoNNon appears to us to
be the religious or political LUTHER whose
advent is now expected by many persons. That
we need reformers both in Church and State is
undoubtedly true, but they must proceed on
the great principle of BACON and LOCKE, that
the material world, to which we refer every
thought as a test of truth, always corrects, and
must ultimately model the mind after itself, not
on the principle that the mind can be modelled
by some cunning political contrivance, or by tl.e
meagre and imperfect knowledge which the
Puseyites may extract from the Fathers.

tocracy.
If the niillocrats have enriched themselves, as
the Times reproaches them with having done,
they have also contributed very much to enrich
the landowners. The rental of the country, par-
ticularly in the neighbourhood of the towns they
have called into existence, has been amazingly
increased. An elaborate account was some time
ago
_published in a paMphlet, called " A Plea