The Sun.
London, England, 1840-09-12 00:00:00

,THE TREATY OF LONDON.

In a Second Edition of The Sun last evening, we
gave the substance of the communication made by the
Consuls of the four allied Powers to Mehemet AU rela-
tive to the London Treaty. It appears that the Vice-
renY. being anxious to have the observations of the
Consuls on the London treaty in writing, a document
1/81 drawn up by the four Consuls, Leaded " Reflections
on the actual position of the Pasha, submitted by the
Consuls-Generals of Austria, Great Britain, Prussia,
apd Russia." This paper is divided into the considera-
tion of the consequences arisin; from the Pixcha'sac-
Nitance or non-acceptance of the treaty. After poiet-
Lag out the advantage of the Pacha being recognized by
the Powers, it proceeds to show the danger to which
I.r will be exposed by the use of coercive measures
It lays that he cannot singly oppose the Powers,
and who would dare assist him ? What Power
Would sacrifice its own interests out of pure sympathy
for the Pacha? and if a general conflict should be pro-
voked, the Viceroy would be the first sacrificed. No ;
leh an intervention would hasten his ruin, as the four
Powers Would bring forces into the field more than
rs the
entiffiptcorine e:aity:ty, fight all who would oppose the execution of
Upon Mehemet Ali alone would fall the
of a war. Isle would have caused the in-
tervention and presence of European troops in Egypt
rd in Asia. Wherever it was required sufficient
forces would be sent to destroy the Pacha, and if Ibra-
1°
awn advanced upon Constantinople he would never re-
turn, as his army would be cut off.
The following arc the documents at length Their
tublication has produced a strong sensation in Paris :
LETTIA FROM THE FOUR CONSULS TO HIS HIGH-
NESS TME VICEROY.
of ;The undersigned having been invited, on the part
w • !s Highness the Viceroy of Egypt, to state to him in
to
ttng the reflections and observations which they have
o
make to him on the serious occurrences of the pre-
sent
moment, hasten to conform to his wishes. and have
the honour to submit to him the following document on
the subject. The only abject of the undersigned is to
withhold nothing from the knowledge of his Highness
"bleb may tend to enlighten him as to his true interests
sad t.O avert from him, if possible, the dangers to which
4'9 expose himself by an absolute refusal to accede
b tile determinations come to between the Four
one East.
and the Sublime Porte for the pacification of
on
East. The undersigned beg his Highness to accept
this occasion the expressiou of their profound de-
votion.

" LAURIN. WAGNER.
Al " HODGES. COMTE 11IEDEM.
exitadria, Aug. 19.

II RI

irgi'LEETIONS ON THE PRESENT POSITION OF THE
IC"°Y OF EGYPT, SUBMITTED TO HiS HIGH-
NlBB 1Y THE CONSULS-GENERAL OF AUSTRIA,
G
.EAT BRITAIN, PIIUSSIA, AND RUSSIA.
July,
By the conclusion of the convention of the 15th
the Plolitical position of Mehemet Ali is entirely
"Pei I until the present moment he was in dissi-
ence, and in a state of passive hostility with the Sub-
RbC Porte alone ; but by rejecting the conditions
es_leh have been offered to him, he has become in a
'te of open hostility with his Sovereign, as well as
with
Mehemet
the Great Powers who are parties to the treaty.
ehemet Ali cannot be ignorant of the great force and
imeortance of a solemn convention ; the political sys-
Seen of a:! Europe rests alone on the faith and religious
execution of treaties ; it was thus that, in spite of the
serious difficulties which surrounded the questions
of
Greece, Belgium, and Spain, the conventions
relative thereto have received their complete exe-
eution and fulfilment, ulte.hough the interests of the
kuropean Powers with regard to these questions have
not always been identical. To believe still in the
Possibility of a change or of a modification of the con-
ditions of the convention of the 15th of July. or of the
seParete act, will be to nourish delusive hopes. These
stipulations are unalterable and irrevocable ; the pe-
remptory terms which have been fixed for their ac-
ceptance are an evident proof of the impossibility of
4.l°Y ulterior change. Let us now examine the alterna-
tives which present themselves in the event of the ac-
ceptance or non-acceptance of the said convention by
Mehemet Ali. In acceding to the arrangements which
are
A .1 proposed to him, the Viceroy will prove to Europe
-au to posterity that he has not only been a fortunate
efteueror, like so many before him, but who have
zlot known the time when to stop and consolidate their
conquests, but that he has proved himself
What
at the
same time a statesman and profound politician.
n be more glorious than to found a new sucees-
laoll, and to sec it recognised by his Sovereign, and by
all Europe ? What a consolation, to be able to ex-
tt'aine at the end of a brilliant career, What I have
created will be handed down to my posterity, to my
children, from whom no one can tear it away I' In
"r days,' it is not the territorial extent of a state, nor
even its material force, which forms its prosperity and
Safety ; it is the more solid guarantee of treaties which
vaiieonsttiiataiutes its integrity, by making it enter into the
system of Europe ; it is thus that by glancing
rerg, ranP we find many small States without resources,
watch:ss°tiv:el
e;el46nalde °raise:l:ere powerful empires : they have, how-
ever'
or oppression to fear ; all Europe
such their honour and security. Guarantees
ce obtained, of what advantage to Me-
some d. or to his descendants, is the acquisition of
.triseets"
the which have not hitherto been of
. slightest advent e to him, and the posses-
-41"
of which has advantage
only absorbed their own
resources, but also the greatest part of those of Egypt ?
The le;
.ceroy knows greatest part of those of Egypt?
Tbo Viceroy knows best
In men and money which the occupation of Syria an
what are the sacrificesd
f Arabia
has
cost him. This •Is not all. Instead of
the differences .which have unhappily existed b
between
the Ottoman Porte and his there will e a
sincere friendship • founded onidentity o
Highness,
of
and a union,
Political
and. 'prosperity. erit • If
interests and religious faith the Mussulman
nation will regain its ancient forcep p
ever (which God forbid) the integrity of the Ottoan
empire should be menaced from without, Turkey might
reckon on the support of Egypt, and Egypt on that
of Turkey, for the defence of their common country.
The personal interest of Mehemet Ali, that of his
family, the fate of the inhabitants of Egypt, and that
of the Mussulman nation, his wishes for the integrity
and prosperity of the Ottoman empire, of which he
has always declared himself the most zealous defender
—everything, in a word, dictates to the Viceroy the
acceptance of honourable conditions, more advan-
tageous to him than the extension and precarious tenure
of other territory. Mehemet Ali would still have a glo-
rious and brilliant career before him. Entirely at ewe
as to the fate of his possessions, he might devote his
energy and all his efforts to the consolidation of the fine
institutions created by him in Egypt. The barren coon-
trice of Nubia, Soudan, and Senaar, present a vast field
for the conquests of science and civilization ; it is thus
that Mediernet Ali will acquire the name of regenerator
of Egypt, the ancient cradle of science. Let us pass to
the other alternative, that of a refusal to accept the
conditions of the convention. An immediate conse-
quence of this refusal would be the employment of co-
ercive measures. The Viceroy is too well informed,
and knows too well the means and resources of which
the Four Great Powers can dispose, to flatter him-
self for a single instant of being able with his feeble
means to resist one or another among them. It
would be to repose in very fatal hopes if he were
to count, under existing circumstances, on any fo-
reign assistance for stopping the decisions of the Four
Great Powers. Who would be willing to sacrifice their
°,ll interests to those of another, and to compromise
their. own safety by pure sympathy for Mehemet
Alt ? And, besides, what real advantages would result
from it ? A. general conflict would be brought on, in
'Bich the Viceroy would be the first sacrificed, and
Would inevitably succumb. Far from being favourable
t° hint, such an intervention on his behalf would only
hasten his ruin, which in that case would become cer-
tain. The four great Powers would develops forces
more than sufficient to combat everything that might
°Pleose the execution of the convention. It is upon
:Mph
• emet Ali alone that the responsibility of a war
Would lie ; it is he who would have been the cause of
the intervention and presence of European troops in
Egypt and Asia. The Mussulman populations will
which Alias
concerns entirely his own person. Mehemet
'`l•!'‘tas threatened to spill much blood before yielding.
The European Powers, en the contrary, have it at
heartu to spare as much as possible the blood of the
,41:1 qsuloaans and the Christians ranged beneath the
uners of the Sublime Porte. Wherever the case
may require it, there will be carried thither forces
sufficient to reader all resistance v in, and to destroy it
At a single blow. Can it be doubted that the Viceroy
so glory in falling by
Will fall, and will it be with glory ? No ; for there is
rity,
glory anti wisdem
and by engaging one's own fault, by a blind tome-
in a hopeless struggle. But there
uld be
thevi.. force of circumstances. if Mehemet Ali falls,
in yielding to necessity and
Conquests
his name go down to posterity ? No ; for his
enquests have not shaken the world like those of
History
Genghis Khan, Tamerlane., Alexander, and Nap01e0n.....,,i
raoud, a
will say, ' There was, under the reign of 1 -
and courage Pacba
of Egypt, of great character, gemus,
The , he had successes against his Sovereign.
young successor of h dthe moment of
emndehinettehteAthhrotane o his ancestors, held out the hand
raou , at
ascending
and offer him the highest honours of the
Mehemet Ali
empire,
woSitpheace and concord. The Pacha rejected
scorn ; Europe then declared against
amongst
in.ech±m. , andt
—and he fell. His will be last
those of so many name
who
other Paches who have pre-
cededw o revolted and were vanquished.'
might perhaps delude
Alt refusing accept the convention Mehemet
himself with the chimerical
hope that the Powers would not employ with vigour and
at
raeear tgjy
otf" the 15th Jul
impossible
meu
Batter hie:serf es necessary to carry into effect the
y. Admitting this even, which is
what would follow ? Could the Viceroy
that he would obtain the continuation of
the status quo ? Where is the State which, with the
'sword of the pour Powers constantly suspended over its
Lead,
with
it
s commerce destroyed, its communications
e
intercepted,
may
uld sustain
such a state of things ? Me-
lnernet Ali m
Camay to hissacrifice the interests of himself and his
unmeasured vanity, to his subversive views,

The promptitude with which the repressive measures
required by the recent events were executed must have
been remarked by every one. The rapid and complete
occupation by a military force of all the quarters where
the public peace was disturbed, is dud to tne admirable
strategic arrangements of the illustrious Marshal Ge-
rard—a plan of extreme simplicity, long ago conceived
and matured. By this system Paris is divided into a
certain number of strategic zones united with each
other and with the centre of action by main lines,
all supported upon one general Inse of operations.
Each zone has a centre for its own partial opera-
tions. Advanced posts, with still further advanced
guards and videttes, placed at each street, enable
the partial centres to command the whole area of
the circle in which they were appointed to act. Pa-
trols moving in every direction connect with each
other the different stations of the troops, and keep
them in constant communication with their particular
centres of operation. These patrols are so combined
as to permit all the strategic zones to give each
other mutual support, so that when one point is
menaced, the troops established at others can at
once invest it by moving upon it at once from different
directions. This system of defence in execution re-
quires the employment of only half the garrison and
half the National Guards. Consequently on Monday,
for example, there were only two battalions of each
legion ordered out, and part of the garrison remained
disposable for other emergencies. Thus there were
strong reserves ready at any moment to double any
station of the troops without weakening any others, and
by these means any extraordinary event is immediately
provided for."

AFFAIRS OF THE EAST.

(From Galignani's Messenger.)
It is stated in a letter from Alexandria, 25th u
published by the Quotidienne, that the French brig
Maree, bound from Cyprus to Syria, was visited, while
on her voyage, by a cutter, sent by Commodore Na-
pier, and that the captain of a French vessel of war on
that station demanded an explanation from the Com-
modore upon the subject. The latter sent a verbal
message, that he was not aware of the Maree having
been a French ship. The French captain was not sa-
tisfied with the verbal message, and requested that the
statement might be committed to paper, which Com-
modore Napier immediately did.
The following circular has been addressed by Boghos
Bey to the European consuls at Alexandria :
" I have the honour to inform you, by order of his
Highness the Viceroy, my master, that the insurrection
of the Libanus has been appeased, and that having ac-
quired the certitude that it was excited by the intrigues
of some foreigners, and being desirous of preventing
the renewal of similar disorders, his intention is to
exercise the greatest surveillance on all the coast of
Syria. He has, therefore, resolved on ordering that
the quarantines, which had been momentarily suspended
on account of the last troubles, shall be re-established
in all their vigour, and that ships, merchandise, and
passengers, shall purge their contumacy at Jaffa and
Beyrout. His Highness has also determined on pu-
nishing all those who may trouble order and public
security, as soon as a certainty is acquired, and posi-
tive proofs are had, of their intrigues ; his intention
being to have them arrested and delivered into the
hands of their respective Consuls. His Highness has
ordered me to communicate to you the present notice,
and to beg of you to make it known to the agents
under your orders. His Highness does not doubt that
you will second him in kis views, in order to avoid
new evils.
" Alexandria, 18th August."
Ths, squadron of reserve, which it was said bad been
ordered to sail from Toulon for the Levant, was still in
iliac port on the sth instant, and no orders had been re-
ceived. The Scipion is now completely fit for sea ;
the Souverain and Vile de Marseille are short of their
crews.
The advices from Bessarabia, quoted by the Augsburg
Gazette, state that as soon as the rivers in the Circas-
sian country shall become lower in their waters, which
takes place every autumn, the Russian armies will com-
mence their operations against the native tribes. Scha-
mil, the chief of the Lesghians, had been harassing Ge-
neral Galatajew, and had penetrated into the country of
he Tichetzenzes, tc try to excite them to revolt,
General Grabbe is to act against the Circassians from
the south-east, and General Rajewski from the north-
east, so as to meet in the middle of the country.
According to the Augsburg Gazette, Austria is not
only making no preparations ler war, but has allowed
the soldiers, whose period of service has expired, to re-
turn to their homes. The expectations of Vienna were
in favour of peace.
The Augsburg Gazette states that the Diet sum-
moned by order of the Porte to sit at Topsidere on the
affairs of Servia is altogether favourable to the return
of Prince Milosch to the head of the Government, and
that this arrangement meets with the approbation of
Turkey and Russia. The Prince is considered as the
only man capable of restoring and maintaining order in
Servia.
mbassador at St. Peters-
M. de Barante, French A
burgh, left that capital on the 24th ult. for Wiburg.
___—....

_ .
The Countess of Clarendon and her infant daugh-
ter are going on favourably at the Noble Lord's mansion,
in Wilton-crescent.