The Sun.
London, England, 1823-06-27 00:00:00

my pen to tell you, that 4 even the King has
joined the factious All is lost I—The marine
has also revolted !"

We have in Spain and Portugal a melancholy
instance of the demoralizing influence of the Ca-
tholic religion. In all Catholic countries, the po-
pulace, from being kept in a state of profound igno-
rance, are, necessarily, greatly debased. Where-
ever the mass is ignorant and debased, revolution
is easy, because the abuses of a Government,
unchecked by an enlightened public opinion, be-
come every day more insupportable, till at length
they' render revolution almost inevitable. But
when the revolution is consummated, the middle
and intelligent classes, who are sensible of the
good they had gained, and determined supporters
of the new order of things, have the mortification
to find that advantage is taken of the ignorance
of the lower orders, by those who have an in-
terest in the existence of abuses. Thus we find

that all the revolutions in Europe, within the
,last forty years, have taken place in Catholic
countries, as in France, Poland, Spain, Portugal,
Piedmont, Naples, &c., and that in All these coun-
tries the populace have either turned on the first
emergency against their benefactors, or remained
indifferent. A Catholic country may be said to have
always in it the materials of revolution of one sort
'orotlier. In Protestant countries,abuses can hardly
ever be so shamelesslypractised, and consequently
they are with difficulty revolutionized. When a
change, however, does take place,- it is clung to
pertinaciously. It is only in the Protestant parts
of France, such as Alsace, Tor instance, that a
strong love of liberty pervades all classes.—ln
Spain everything will' depend on the strength of
The respectable daises, as compared with the
-populace.- No- individuals' of character have
joined the- French' and. the Priests. Nay, the
greater part of the National Guards of Madrid
even proceeded to- Seville.- In every province
the decent and respectable householders, detest
the. invaders, • and remain attached to the Con-
stitution. It is impossible, however, to`" dissem-
ble the fact, that the rabble and the courtiers are
with the French and, the Priests:—,-(lbid.)

[THE TIMES.]
The news of a modification of the Constitution
of Portugal is confirmed. Yet it seems a ques.
tionable matter, whether the merits of either the
Portuguese IVlourch, or of the military who have
effected this:change, have been suet) as to entitle
either .of them to the approbation of the Holy i
Allies. For, first, the troops have spilt not a
drop of liberal blood, nor wreaked any menu or
wicked vengeance on the friends of a free consti.
tution. The King has pledged hit-itself neither
to despotiSm nor the Inquisition. .He has pro.
scribed nobody.—threatened nobody—complain.
cd of none—and renounced no errors but those of
tyrannical Government. His Majesty has in direct
terms declared, that he " by no means wished to
" return to the old system , but it was • neces-
" sary to frame a constitution more adapted to
" the Interests of all classes." Now it is clear,

that with a large army about him, and in the
midst of the' Nobility and old Courtiers of Por-
tugal, while the Cortes bad no power which
there was the slightest reason to dread ; if, we
say, the King at that moment expressed him-
self in terms of kindness and moderation to
his people, we may fairly infer that he spoke
his genuine
,feelings. If, then, a' more ba-
lanced and temperate system be called for
by the Sovereign, and by the intelligent part of
the nation, why should- it, not be tried ? Por-
tugal is blessed in having an honest and humane
Prince upon her throne—who knows how to
cherish those noble principles and institutions, to
which, nevertheless, he owes the curtailment of
his own absolute authority. But, for the Spanish
Ferainand ! we ask, can the reign of such a
creature be compatible with the security of his
subjects, in 'liberty, property, or life ? Had he
and his race been de;iosed by his injured people
in March, 1820, the title of his successor would
have been'identitied with that of the Spanish na-
tion to their recovered freedom.

Enarrisu ram.]
Mr. Brougham brought forward last night his
motion, founded on the petition from Dublin, on
the administration of justice in Ireland. The
lateness of the hour at which the debate closed,
prevents our this morning stating our opinions on
this most important subject as fully and reflect-
ingly as it deserves. But this we may now de.
flare, and that from long knowledge and expe.
rience, that the entire administration of justice
in Ireland needs revision—that in questions of
life, and even of property, furious party spirit,
both in witnesses and juries, defeats and banks
all the efforts of justice—that the Civil Bill
Courts throughout Ireland, where small debts
are recovered, have unfortunately increased
the spirit of litigation among the peasantry, and
alniost destroyed all regard for oaths—that the
state of the country is such that distresses for
rent cannot often be made; civil process exe-
cuted, or executions levied, but with armed
force, and at the imminent hazard of both life
and limb. One half the Magistracy itA Ireland
also is yet prejudiced and corrupt. The late
changes have done nothing to really alter or re-
form ►t. They were too partial. The higher
judicial offices in that country are filled by indi-
viduals utterly unfitted for them. The Chan-
collor, Lord Manners, is a man of narrow and
illiberal sentiments; his decrees are question.
able, and his political principles opposed to
the happiness of Ireland or the union of
its People. Mr. Joy, the Solicitor-General,
is every thing but an orangeman, and a corn.
plete clog on the measures of the Attorney-
General. Lord Norbury, the antiquated jester
of the Common Pleas Bench, is one of the old
school of monopolists and exclusionists in Ire.
land. Are these fit men for situations so ele.
rated ? Should they have seats within the Tern.
ple of Justice, where all ought to be unstained,
unsuspected; and pure ? In Englarid, as Mr.
Brougham very truly stated, the tiye of the law
makes no difference between the rich man and the
poor. 44 The juries'are not lacked; the Judges
" are decorous 'on the ,bench),,they never sucri•