The Sun.
London, England, 1812-07-31 00:00:00

FASHIONS FOR LADIES.

404 ACKERMANN'S REPOSITORY OF ARTS, FA.,
SHIONS, MANUFACTURES, &C.
e1:17E44M0 DRESS.—A white.crape robe, with short 11 lee sleeves and demi-high waist, with full frills of lace—the
te worn over a white satin slip. Epaulets of variegated
t°'d ball-fringe, ornamented at the feet, and bottom of the
eist to correspond. A Moiirish turban of Indi-an'gold mus-
vu, with a cluster of flowers on the left side. Necklace, near- and bracelets of brilliants, pearl, "or sapphire set in
„,°"(I. Gloves of .white French kid below the elbow. Slippers
.4e-4 white satin, with gold rosettes and fringe. Occasional
4fs of white lace.
hiTitoNIENADE CosTUME.—A plain jaconot or imperial brie muslin muslin round dress, formed high in then eck, and trim -
I\V round the bottom, up the frogtreollar, and sleeves, kith
f,rl borders of plaited muslin. A white satin hussar cloak,
famented with deep crapes and antique floss trimming and
eels. A Lavinia hat of fine moss straw—a.small cap of
ti,beneath, ornamented with a small lyinch of flowers on
ti;„e side: and tied with cerulean blue riband on one side. A
It6-rY cross and-bracelets of the eoquilla nut. Boots, or
4laati shoes :of blue kid. Gloves a lemon colour ; and pa-
-8..°!. of correspondent shot sarsnet, with deep ball-fringed
-

SNIITHFIELI) MARKET, JULY 31.
f This day's Market had a short supply of dif-
:erent kinds of Cattle ; Mutton is cheaper ; Veal.
.141 d Lamb were clearer; Beef- and Pork sold at
tt4st prices; and the trade in general was somewhat
Pat The sales in the Haymarket were trifling,.
rat __has dropped in price ; Clover has -got up in
I.re; Straw. obtained last prices.—The following
lees and numbers are an accurate statement
'To sink the Offal, per Stone of Slb.
11 f
43 ss. 4d. to 6. 2d. Mutton, ss. 4d. to 65.,4d. Veal.
)(1. to 7s, 6d. Lamb, 6s. Od. to 75.6 d. Pork, ss. Od.sto 6s. Bd,
43tasts) 690. Sbc;ep and Lambs, 7,600. Calves, 140. Pigs,.23o.
SMITHFIELD HAYMARKET.
~ 4..105. to 51.105. Straw, 21. 15s, to 31. Bs. Clover, 61.

"Zisr-EXCHANGE,. JULY 31.—T0-day we have
gain but few arrivals of Wheat, and the trade for
,
13 IS quoted at a small further increase in price.;
tiarley with Malt fully support the last quota-
" ; Rye and White 'Yeas at less ; Beans of
ell sort likewise keep their prices. In Oats we
4.4tiuue to have short supplies, ,and sales there-
aret also named fully at the late advanCe ; Flour
e ins without variatio
Feat - 14.05. 1525.
11;le ditto _ - 1565. :60s.
ljaeria; - - - - bOs.
4140 -- -60 s. 663.
t „
90s.
-.-ease 70:3. 765.
414 Y d itto - _. _ 73q. 785*
• • 764. 823.

Tick Beans - - 745. 80s.
Oats - - - - 565. 60s. 625.
Poland ditto - - 635. 645.
Potatoe ditto - - 655. —s.
Rape Seed - - - 431. 541.
Fine*FlOur - - i 15s. 120 s.
Sec-ouds - - -110 s. 1152.

Apmnb.,tls7 totirt, suet so

JUDGMENT IN THE CASE OF THE-SHIP

Sir \V. SCOTT pronounced the judgment oldie
Court in the case of the American ship Snipe, the
arguments upon which lasted several days. We
regret that the space afforded by our columns will
enable us to give but a faint sketch of the very lu-
minous and eloquent speech of the Learned Judge
on this occasion.

He began by stating that, sensible of the great
importance of-the decision in this case, the princi-
ple Of which involved several other cases of 'cap`ture under the Orders in Council before the 20th
of May, 1812, he had directed his utmost atten-
tion to the arguments which had been urged with
great zeal and ability on both sides, and was now
prepared to give his judgment. The captors had
. contended that the Ship was liable to condem-
nation under the Orders in Council, she having
been taken on the 28th of March last, mitering
the river of Bourdeaux ; while on the other hand
the claimants contended, that those Orders. in
Council had ceased to operate before the capture,
on account Of a French Decree, bearing date the
28th of April, 1811, having repealed the Berlin
and Milan Decrees, to which those Orders had only
been retaliatory measures, which the BritiSh Go-
vernment were pledged to annul from the date of
the repeal of the French Decrees. :Without feel-
ing it necessary to dwell minutely on the history
of all th-me transactions, he should state general-
/ ly, that in November,,l 806, the Ruler of France
published; in the most solemn and authentic man-
ner, his Berlin Decree, by which all neutrals tra&
ing to these countries were liable to capture. In
January mid November, 1807, the British Go-
vernment published its retaliatory Orders, which
were not a ftill and complete retaliation, but which
were founded on principles which appeared to him
consistent with those of justice and the law of
na-
tions. This was followed by the Milan Decree of
the enemy, denationalizing all vessls which sub-
mitted to our Orders in Council, or to be visited
by British Cruisers. In April, 1809, another mo-
dification of Sour retaliatory measures took place
in new Orders in Council ; and in March, -1809,
America passed a. Non-intercourse ATct both
against France and this country ; declaring, how-
ever, that it should be annulled with respect to
either of the Powers-that should repeal those in-
struments of which it complained. In consequence
Of this, -M. Champaguy (the Duke of Cadore)
wrote a letter to General Armstrong, sth August,
1810, informing him that those Decreees were
_repealed, and would cease to operate against Ame-
rican commerce on the Is,t of -November in that
year, accompanying this notification with the con-
dition, " that it was to be understond that Eng:
laud also should abandon her Orders in 'Connell,
and her new principles of blockade.''' This noti-
fication Was considered uy the American Govern-
ment as a repeal, and she in consequence repealed
her Non-intercourse Act as with respect to France.
This letter had been contended to amount to a re-
peal of the Decrees, in the arguments, on the case
of the ship Fox ; but.in the' decision of- that case,
he had not considered it as a - repeal. Since that
time, on the 10th of March, in the present year,
-the Duke of Bassano, in a State Paper, published
in an official manner, spoke of the Berlin and
Milan Decrees as still existing in full force, call-
ing them fundamental laws of the' French Em-
pire, and boasting of their powerful operatiott
against the commerce and prosperity of this
,country. On the,2lst of April, the British Govern-
Ment published a Declaration, offering to annul
the Orders in Council from the day that the
French Government should by a . subsequent De-
cree repeal the Berlin and Milan Decrees ; and on
the 20th of May they received-from the American.
Minister 'a. paper purporting to be a copy of a
French Decree, of that-import, but bearing date •
the 28th of April, 1811. The British Govern-
ment, not recognizing the authenticity of this
doetiment, but wishing to conciliate America, did
on the 23d of June last issue a Declaration; re
pealing the Orders in Council from the 20th of
May. As to captures made prior to the 20th of
May, to which class the present case belonged,
this Declaration' was silent. It left them to the -
effect of the prior Declaration of April, Which,
consistently 'with the- general ,of nations,
rested on the principle of retaliation. As the
claimants now contended that the Berlin and Milan
Decrees., were actually repealed by the French De-
cree of 1811, it was for them to Prove that those
Decrees were so repealecl,and that they were repeal-
ed in such a manner as to imphse an obligation on
other nations to take notice of such a repeal. This,
sort of evidence, which was, only to be got in the
enemy's country, was perfectly accessible to the
clarnrants (if any' such evidence existed), but was
not accessible to the 'captors. The Berlin 'and
Milan Decrees had been ushered into the world
with the greatest solemnity, anti published in the
French official Papers. There was no one who could
doubt their' existence and authenticity. If those
Decrees were intended to. be repealed, why were
they not repealed in a manner equally authentic -
and official? In the month of March last, they
, were, however, officially ,spoketi of by the French
Governtnent as not only being in existence-, but as
fundamental laws of the Empire. If that word "
carried any, meaning; it must imply that the
'French Government Would not abandon those
Decrees. Those Decrees had been promulgated,
to the world in the most authentic and public
manner ; and if there had been any intention of
repealing them, it might be expected, on every
principle of good faith and honest polity, that the '
revocation should be made equally public, or, at
least, thatit should be made public to all/those
whom it might concern, The rule was always,
decretum non obligat, sed promulgatio. This instru-
'went should appear in such a shape as not to fal-
sify itself, or carry a fraud upon the face of it.—
If its promulgation was not a matter of notoriety,
but wrapped up iu obscurity, it ceased to be a
publication. There was no Ordinary occasion in
the transactions of life in which an instrument;
having fraud and. falsehood on the face of it,
would be allowed to have any operation in a
Court a Law. The letter of the Duke of Cadore,
dated the sth of August, 1810, began by stating,
" he was authorised to declare the Berlin and
Milan Decrees at an end. These .words were
general ; but afterwards came the condition,—
" it being understood that Great Britain will re-

!Sell bier Orders in Couneil and her new prinei-
pies of blockade, or that neutral nations
cause their flags tobe respected.". A letter merely
paanising the repeal of those Decrees, under cera
tans qualificatiOni rind conditions„ could never be
considered an actualreVbCation. if any Decree for
repealing the Berlin and Milan Decrees was ever
sued, why was it not published to the world in the
same authentic manner that those Decrees were? or
why, when it was se.often called for both by our
Government and the American MinisterS, was
not such a Decree produced, or any evidetrce pro-
cured of its .existence ? Surely, nothing could:
be more reasonable, than the. demand for such
evidence on the part of the American Minis.ters.
The revocation was held out as a boon to Acne-
.rica ; and when the fate of so. much American
property depended on the proof of the existence
of this revocation, why was not this proof fur-
nished, if it really existed ? If it had existed,
nothing would have been easier than to produce
it. It must have existed in an hundred quarters,
—in general directions to Prize Courts,—in the
instructions to French cruizers,—and in a variety
of modes which would be easily proved. - NO,
proof of that sort was ever attempted. When
the case of the Fox game to be argued in the
• year 1811, the claimants did not attempt to set
up any other, case except the Duke of Cadore's
letter, and that the opinion of the American Go-
vernment that this letter amounted to a revoca-
tion'as far as America Was concerned. The opinion
of the American Government would, no doubt, re-
gulate their practice; but it was no evidence to de-
termine him, sitting in a Court of Law, to say that
letter amounted to a repeal of the Berlin and Mi-
lan Decrees. The claimants in that case' were al-
, lowed abundant time-to procure evidence ; and if
they could have procured any evidence-sufficient to
satisfy the jadieial conscience of the Court that
those Decrees were rivaled, he had no doubt but
that such evidence would have satisfied the British
Government. No evidence had been given of any
practice which could induce a belief that the De-
crees, even with respect to America, had been re-
voked at the time mentioned in the Duke of Ca-
dore's letter, On the contrary, there was the let-
ter of'Mr. Russel, the American Minister. at Paris,
datedin May, 1811, which stated, " that no ship
brought into the ports of France since the Ist of
November, 1810, had either been. released or
,- brought to trial." If the Orleans packet was after-
wards released, still he should ask, how could it
happen that that vessel should be seized at Bour-
deaux some months after the Orders were said to
be revoked, and detained for- such a considerable
time, if ever any revocation of those Decrees had
'been made public ? What would be said in this
country, if two months after the repeal of our Or-
ders in Council, an American ship were to be seized
under them at Liverpool, and detained for many
months The thing %vas almost impossible. If such a
seizure wa.re to take place here, the owners would
immediately know that they were entitled, not only
to restitution, but to damages for the detention,
and to costs. The captors would also know it
immediately, and would be advised to lose no time
in offering satisfaction. If the Decrees were
really revoked, it appeared to him absolutely im-
possible that such revocation should not have
been known at Bourdeaux, or that it should .have
required such a length of time to determine on
those cases. In March, 11312, the Duke of Bas-
sano mentioned in an official paper). that " the
Berlin and Milan Decrees were in final force, and
that they were fundamental laws of the Empire,"
In this assertion there was no exemption stated
1 with respect to America; although that is now by
far the most considerable, if not the only neutral
Powor likely to be affected by them. 13v his Ma-
jesty's Declaration of the -21st of April, the Court
was empowered to receive, evidence h om the claim-,
ants themselves of the repeal of those Decrees, if
they could procure any evidence to that effect. - By
the order of the 23d ofjune,theßritishGovernment
- revoked the Orders in Council, and annulled their
operation troth the 20th of May last, leaving all the
- cases-of capture before that period to thaOpera-
tion of the law.' The British Government, how--
ever, by no means recognised the authenticity of
the instrument put into their hands on, the 20th
of May, or acknowledged that paper. as a bona
fide decree of repeal, bearing the date prefixed to
it ; but revoked the Orders in Council as a mea-
sure •of conciliation to America. The date of
this paper was neither subsequent to his Majesty's
declamation of the 21st of April, nor had it been
pUblicly promulgated, nor had it been acted upon.
To meet the terms-- of the declaration of April,
it ought to have been a repeal of the Berlin and
Milan Decrees generally, and not merely with re-
spect to America. It ought to have been uncon-
ditional, and its authenticity regularly proved.—
This was, in fact, the title-deed under which the
parties claimed ; and its authenticity was there-
-fore the first thing to be proved . by, them. The
usual proofs of authenticity were either from in-
ternal good faith, or external. legitimacy. What
Was the external proof This doctuneat bad never
been published in the official papers of France : it
had• never been communicated to the American or
any other Government. The American Minister did
not say when he got it, or from whom he got it. If •
the Court were to receive it as an act of the French
Government, it could only be out of deference to
Mr. Russel. Supposing this to be a sufficient ex-
ternal proof, how was it verified internally ? In-
stead of bearing.the appearance of good faith, it
was stamped with all the characters of fallacy
and fraud. The paper had no, appearance of au-
thenticity on the face of it,_ as it bore date in April,
1811, and had never been produced or heard of
till May 1812. The date of the instrument was of "
great importance, when it was considered whether
it was or was not a bona fide instrument. An un-
true date being found attached to it was a falsifi-
cation of a fatal nature, when the deception was
evidently intended for the purpose of fraud. There
was every reason to believe that the instrument,
never had existed/until the French Government
had received the Declaration of the 21st of April.
There was no individual who ventured to assert
any knowledge of its previous existence. Every
motive of just and honourable policy required that -
the greatest publicity should have Veen given
to suci a Decree, if it had really been in exist-
ence, and that it was intended to be acted up-
ona If it had existed, and the American Mi-
nister knew of its existence, how could he have

,

-kept it back till the43oth of May,.1812 ?
avd;ai, had taken place rJetv;,.-:
America and.,this country on the subject, the c(ir-
responLilec On
~iur part consisted Very much of a
demand for the production of any authentic doeu-
, ment repealing' those Decrees. No such do':unient
was known by the American Ministers,;---no such
docUment was known to the 'Tribunals or Prize
Courts .of France, or to those persons-who were
principally adected.by it. Now in this country,
every order which wastgiven from the 'Govern-
ment to the Prize Court was accessible,to every
body who was.interesthd in it. Allowi.;1;; to the
French Tribunals as much dishonest secrecy of
their :principles as any one could allow them,
still it was evident, from their conduct, that they
knew of no-such document. He would be coin,,;
a great injustice, indeed, to Mr. Russel) if he
. were to attribute _hiS silence upon this head.to
• any _things but , his complete ignorance of tilt
existence of such a locuinent : he was the Ame-
rican -Minister in France at the date of this deci.ce,,
awl yet he had never made any. allusion to
document in answer to the many pressing sotiei--
.tations which bad been made' to him to procure
evidence. of the repeal. In the case of a ship
taken under our Orders in COUncil, where the
crew afterwards rose upon the captors, an i
Carried the vessel into 4lavre, giving up nine
Englishmen as prisoners of jvar to the cm:,
my, the Captain claimed the liberation of'
his:,ship, not in virtue -of the pretended de-
cree of repeal, but for this meritorious ser-:
vice ; and the claim was finally al,
lowed, yet Mr. Russel could never learn whether
this liberation was 'not a special exemption‘frorn
those Decrees which had been said to have been
repaled for many months. Neither had Mr,
Bartow heard of the existence of this paper, any
more- than' Mr. Russel. If even this paper h•
existed, it would have. no validity in law, for
want of promulgation. When the Ruler of F'ran,.e,
'chose to send this paper into the world, antedat(
by above a year, it was evidently one of those eY.•
orbitant demands which that person is in the
habits of making on the credulity of mankind.
was hardly to be doubted that this paper owed its
existence to the declaration of the 21st of April
last;' and to claim now under such a document
from the date it bore, was to require that it
should have operation long before it existed. The
Court would not now admit farther proorof such a
document having been in existence. f'Such proof
could only be sought in the qfficina fraudis, whence
the fabrication first issued with every stain of in-
bred corruption on its front. Some auxiliary
proof had, indeed, been felled on, viz. two letter a
to the Council of Prizes in December, 1810. It
_was a little remarkable, that these letterS were
not produced in evidence in the case of the Fez;
but, it might, perhaps, be accounted for, from
their affordinm a complete falsification of the Doke
of Cadore'S letter. They in their turn were fal-
sified by Mr. Itussel's letter of May 8, 1811,
which stated, that no American 'vessel brought
! in since the Ist of November had either heen re-
leased or brought to trial. It is true that he stated
that two months after, they had all been restored
in the beginning'of July. Mr. Russel had since
come to this country, and had put in an affidavit,
in which he states, " that he believed that no
American' vessel had. been condemned in the
• French ports since November, 1810, as he is of
opinion, that in such case he must have heard of
it." This affidavit was only, however, as to hip
belief and opinion: If 'any Orders in Coons it
were repealed in this country, there would be no
doubt or uncertainty about the matter. He sliOnld
. next proceed make some observations on tliose
cases which were said to prove that those Decreei
were in fact repealed as to America. There was first
the case of the Aeastus,bound from Norfolk to Ton -
ningen ; and which after a very long detenfion,
was at last discharged by the Fre:scl' Emperor, on
txmdition that it should be proved imt to haVe
violated the French navigation laws. 'On this •
case he could-only say,
,that it appeared strange
;how a neutral ship coming directjy from its own
country to the ports of another neutral, could, for
, a moment, be supposed toi..be violating any French
navigation laws: The next cases were. those of
the schooner Fey; from New York, ostensibly
bound to .Petersburgh, and. which seas carried in-
to Cowes, but afterwards proceedLl to Havre ;
and the case of the Fhcebefrom Boston to France.
As to the first of those cases, he would say, that
as it was a fraud in favour of France, it was not
iurgrising that the vessel was not seized; buthoth
those two cases were cases of vessels sailing with
French licenses. In fact, of the seven cases which
had been relied on, three were of vessels sail-
ing under French licenses 3 two were of vessels re-
stored, not by the judgment of any tribunal, bat
from the mere pleasure of the Sovereign ; and one,
(that of the ,i:lnnu Mpria), where no proof was
given
that the French tribunals had any know-
ledge at all of that vessel having acted in violation
of those Decrees. There, therefore, did not re-
main one single case which had any authority at"
all ; 'as acts merely of the grace and pleasure of
the Ruler of France could never be cited as the
law 9f that'country, or the rules which guided.
their tribunals. If there bad been a practice
in the French Courts, founded upon this supposed
decree, there must have - been numerous cases
_which would have been determined by it lint of
such, no evidence had been given. Ile would hoe
allow that even the non-execution of the Berlin
and Milan Decrees could be properly considered as
a repeal of them. The cessation in the exereil;e
might arise from some inotivd-of temporary pol;,-
ey but a repeal otvlit to be publicly promulglat-
ed, and the cases which would be •ireal authority
in favour of the.repeal must be the liberation -of
vessels by tbejudgment.of the proper tribunals

•
and not by the special favour of the French :Em-
peror. It had been stated, that three American
`vessels bound to British ports were visited by
French cruizers, and suffered to proceed to their
destination. Such things as that had sometimes
happened from particular circumstances even to
British vessels, when the French cruizers had
more prizes than they could man, or any circum-
stance made it inconvenient to them to take pos,
session of them. The statements, however, proved
rather too much, as two of those three vessels
were laden with naval stores, which- are already
contraband of war ; and it might as well be in-
ferred from this, that France meant to abandon be;

acknowledged and Undeniable maritime rights, a!
that she meant to give up the Berlin and Milan
becrees. Whatever restitutions were made as
mere acts of State, and not from the judgments
of tribunals, could not he received as any authority
to prove how the law stood iu France. It. might
be said by some, thatneutrals- had no right to pre-
scribe the mode of restitution, provided.the resti-
tution was in fact made. lie, on the conteary,
asserted; that they had to expect that in
France, as well as every civilized country, there
should be regular tribunals where they might claim
redress et. debito justitice, and not as a matter of
Court favour, Caprice, or State policy. It ap-
peared that the French Ruler left the question
of restitution of American vessels to be deter-
mined by his spec al pleasure. Now this. conn-
try, did demand, and had a right to demand, that
there should be a clear and definite rule of law,

acting in a clear and definite manner ; and that'
matters of this sort should not be left in a state
'of uncertainty or perpetual fluctuation. It, there-
fore, appeared to him, that there was no evidence
that any legal revocation of those decrees had
taken place ; and that the instrument relied upon
by the claimants-as their title-deed, had no marks
Of authenticity about it, but was evidently fabri-
rated for a particular purpose. There were many
considerations connecter' with these transactions
on which he did no.: feel himself now called upon to
give an opinion. Ile should not, therefore, say how
far a nation calling itself neutral was justified by the
law of nations in separating itself from the general
society of neutral nations-, and accepting as a boon
for itself an exemption fromn principle which went
to the direct subversion of all neutral rights; nor
would he say to what extent this selfish favour
would justify them, for not resisting such viida=
Cons of the law of nations. He should deter-
nlinc
,on the case before him and on all those that
depended on the same principle, that the instru-
ment purporting to be a French decree, dated in
April,"1811, did not take those.ba.ses out of the
general o_peration of the law, as described in the Or-
ders in Council ; and that, therefore, those vessels
Captured under them before the 20th of' May last,
could not lie discharged-from their opefation. It
was.only to the vessels captured after the 20th of
,May, that the revocation of the Orders in Coun-
cil applied. He• felt peculiar satisfaction irrth ink-
big, the if his opinion on this.important question
should be erroneous, there was another Tribunal
(the Court of
,Appeals) in which it mightbe re-
considered.

FOR T HE SUN.

VAC GIN :vrio:k7.-

`Mr. EDITOR,
I .do not think that I am in any way bOimd to
answer a..Cortespondent who does not sign his
name; hut as the pUblic Papers ure advertising
.. the present_prevalence of Small-prix;l..haVe'made.
inquiry, in Westminster, where there- is- always
more or :less. bf,it, and do not hear that it-ahoUnds
at present, or that it is `fatal. The common peo-
ple haVe lost their confidence in the. Faculty, be-
cause they have been so deceived by having their
children Cow-poxed, when they asked for Vario-
lous Inoculation ; and the Jennerian evil, and
.eruptions; have been so frequently the consequence,
of, this deception, that they rather trust to Pro-
vidence than apply to Medical persons ; therefore
it is to be suspected that very much mischief will
happen among the lower classes from epidemic
Small-pox, whenever it visits populous places ;
this I have foretold, and it will be a longtime be-
fore the confidence of the people will be securely'
reposed again on the judgment 'and integrity of
the Faculty of Physic.
If Parliament ceases to contribute any longer
to the continuance of the experiment, you will
hear no more of Vxcinat,ion, but if it chuscs to
make a serious inquiry into facts, and will allow
me to call witnesses, and examine them upon oath,
I am ready to bring forward such masses of
failure, as will convince them how grossly its li-
berality has been imposed Upon.
I was pestered for twelve months with prevari-
cations, betoie Dr. JENNgR or his associates
would confess the Inoculation of MasterJENNEn.
Nothing ever has been brought forward by,the
Cow-poxers,. and the College of Physi-zians must
take -great blame to themselves, if they are at last
obliged to own, they have been all this time in
error..- To 'have given a determined optnion on
just grounds to a Committee of the House of
Commons, and never to-have had occasion to

vary from that opinion, is, lam rendy to confess
to my feelings.,, a proud pre-elninence ; anti I re-
Feat, that 1 am Willing to 'risk my judgment, and
my in:egrity, on the success- or downfall of Cow-
pox.
All accounts from thc:COntinent are careftillv
suppressed„otherwis.e the. Cow-0x Ambassador
who was sent to .London, and Ilal-a!idience of
certain persons; would .have been mentioned. But
.while BtroNApAnTE may be *trembling for what is
to happen to the king of the Romans, let Britons
rejoice that the.‘visdorn of their Prince. Itas not
• ic";--joleci hy"Cor,,y-poxers, but saura,the constitu-
tion of CLe_nat:on's hope; by.Variolous Inocula--
tion. •

I aril,Mr. Edir.or, with 'many thanks., fir: the
candour yolv.shew on this exhausted subject. '
Your huniSle servant,'

jOlfti BIRCH

STEPTIEN. BURKE, Of the county of Galway,
Esq. M. D. has obtained' .his Diploma, after the
usual examination,and has been admitted a Mem-
of the Royal College of Surgeons, London.--
FRANCIS LEIGH, Esq. of Portadown, Ireland, has
also been admitted- a Member of the 'above
College.
The following
.jS'_.f). correct statement, we be-
I.ieVe, of the force-in Nova'Scotia and Cana.da

DetathmOnts.of the 2d battalion of the Bth, of
the 93th, afill:P.9.th regiments, and the I,Vlth, with
alencible ed-rps, arc at present stationed in Nova
i st bait. of the Bth, the 41st, 49th,
and 100th Regiments, the'lOth Veteran Battalion,
with the "Newfoundland Feticibles; constitute the
present' force 'in Canada ;—a battalion of the
Royal Scots, and the 103 d Regiment, are on their
rissage..

L.S.

We lately gave an Extract fr:.on Mr. Sr.w.PLE's •
Account of the ?)resent State of this Coutntry, and
as it seems likely to rise into considerable distinc-
tion, we reauiue the subject. Mr.:SEMPLE seen s.
to- be an attentive and unpreiudiced Observer, and
as he is an experienced traveller, be is not likely
to take-things upon trust, but to found his dis- •
cussions upon due inquiry and information.
Puerto Cabello stands upon a small neck of
land, which haS ban cut-through, and thus
formed. into an artificial is-land. A bridge crosses
this-cut, and affords entrance to the origimaleity,
which is small, but tolerably well built and for',i-
tied. Ahe harbour is formed by a low island to
th'e -north-west, and banks covered with mangpove
trees, Which shelter it on every side. It is deep
and capacious. An excellent wharf, faced with
stone, allows of vessels of a large burthen being
laid close alongside of.it ; and as they can be easily
and securely fastened to the shore, anchors arc
here seldom necessary. This harbour and La
Guayra form a striking contrast. Here vessels lie,
as in a, small smooth lake, while the waves brea)i,
high upon the outside of'the island and,atong the
shire.. In return for this, the worm makes great
ravages-in the bottoms of such ships as are .not
.coppered. In no part of the,world is it more de-
structive ; and a small vessel, left unattended, in
a very few months would founder at her nioorigs
from this cause alone. To the south-east of the
town the fiats are annually tioptieti by the rains
and the exhalations from them are very probably
the cause of the destructive fevers-which so fre
quently' rage here in the-s-snintner and autumn
months. Few strangers,can:then visit this port
with impunity, or at least without great danger;
and there have been instances of vessels losing
the greater part of their crews in a very short
time.* The suburbs now exceed the town in po-
,pulatiOn-and'extent, but still retain their low and -
.mean appearance, and are subject to the original
-stipulations in case of danger. A great propor-
tion of the houses have no upper story ; and the
population beirig almost I entirely- coloured, a
stranger is more apt to consider the whole as a'
large Indian village than as partof Fauropean
settlement."—

Thus,!' says Mr. Semple, " have we tra-
versed a small but interesting portion of the Con-
tinent of Ainerrea. Every where we have found
a fertile soil, and, except in particular spots upon
the coast, a pure and healthy hit... Even the un-'
wholesomeness ofthese situations is compensated
by their exuberant fertility, and by the gradual
adaption of the inhabitants to the atmosphere in
which they live. With little labour, man here
earns an easy subsistence."—
" Four leagues to the eastward of Caracas, on
.a gentle eminence, from which springs gush forth,
stands a pleasant village, originally inhabited en-
tirely by Indians. To the westward, on the other
hand, -on the opposite side ,of the Gukryra, in a
small recess of . the mountains, -a white church
tower, surrounded by huts, .ants out an esta-
blishment,formed by tne-Misaionaries. All through-
out the valley are-plantations of sugar, coffee, and
maize. The Use of the plough, is unknown. All
work is done with the spade and the hoe, and
chiefly by slaves. The lighter work is performed
by Indians, and free labourers, which last class is
increasing rapidly. Maize and plantains form the
basis of their food, to which are added beef and
garlick. The maize is generally eaten in the-form
of cakes, being first soaked, deprived of the husk,
and then grouud, or rather rubbed into a moist
paste, by means of a roller, and a smooth curbed
slab of stone. This operation falls to the lot of
the women. Eeef seldom exceeds two-pence
Sterling per pound ; but poultry _scarce and
• dear ; a Spanish dollar being .frequently the price
of a common fowl. Mutton is unknown. Athough
this country bas been colonized for nearly three
centuries, the 'sheep Las not yet been introduced
upon these mountains, where it'coruni not fail. to
muhiply rapidly. The flesh of goats is used in-
stead; which, ffi althoueltsucient)ypalatable when,
young, can never be compared for fiavoare
cy, and nutriment, with that of the sheep. The
mode of cooking is entirely Spaifish, and gar-
lick being necessary ingredients in most dishes,
and both being imparted, in large quantities, for
that purpove. At the elose of all entertainments,
great quantities of sweetmeats are used, of which
the Creoles are exceedingly fond. In lieu of sweet-
meats, the common people use coarse sugar, in,
the form of loaves, called papelon. It is also
customary at feasts, even at the best tables, for
the guests to pocket fruits and other articles, as I
have witnessed to my great siuprize. Although,
generally, a sober race, on these occasions they,
drink liberally of strung liquors, in bumpers, to
each other, or to favourite political toasts ; a. cus-
tom which they appear to have borrowed from the-
lihiglish. This they do standing up ; or walking
' about, recurring to the table, at intervals. Mean-
, time., the ladies sit mingled with them, or in a
contiguous apartment, the :moors of which are
open.''—
Almost the whole commerce of the country
is carried on by European Spaniards, and by Isle-
' nos, or Islanders, from' the Canaries. They buy
and sell, are the merchants and the shopkeepers,
in all the towns. A spirit of union, and fre-
quently, an impenetrable provincial dialect, binds
them together, and gives them great advantages in
all their transactions. The European, ~who ex-
pects to see a number of purchasers • in competi-
tion, is frequently surprised to find only one or
two, until the bargain being completed, the whole
who. were interested in it, appear. The manners
of the towns, •and in the interior, differ greatly,
or rather they belong to different periods in the
progress of society. After passing the great-chain
of mountains which borders allethis coast, from
. the Gulph of Venezuela,to that of Paria, we come
to immense plains, devoid of trees, known by the
general name of Las 'Llanos, or the Plains. These
plains afford pasurage to innumerable cattle, the
propiietors of which reside in the great towns,
leaving them to the. care of slaves, or people of
colour. Hence a iropuiation is rapidly forming- of
a character wholly different from that of the im-
mediate descendants ofeEuropeans, or time natives
- of the coast. A bold and lawless race, accustomed

„ .
tc be:Alwiy3 an horseback, 4-.31 living nearly in 4
state of nature, wanders over these plains. Among
them arc many professed robbers, who render tra-
velling E 1.., uger4us , and already beginning to
form 'into -quail bands. -They live almost entirely
on the flesh of cattle, without regarding to whom
they belong ; killing an animal at every meal, and
after satisfying their hunger, leaving the remain-.
der of the carcase to the birds of prey-and the wild
animals of the desert. In the villages and small
towns, thinly scattered _over these plains, great
dissoluteness of morals prevp.ils. The mixture of
races a source of endlc4s corruption ;to which
are joined • a climate inducing indolence and vo-
r luptuousne,..l, and the total absence of all refined
methods a passing time iv.vay. The highest de•-:
light, both to. wernen and men is to swing about
in their haurnoclls and smoke cigars. GaMbling
to exc=ess, and torinentifig of bulls; are their prile
• cipal amusements. Religion has no 13eue1iej'il
effect upon their mor.ds ; it they. comniit
they confess them and are forgiven. To all
is joined au apathy which is astonishing. Live-t
li4ss forms no part of 4:1;•ir character ; the
contrary, trey generally speak
.in a mild and
drawling :one, which gin-es the highest idea of int-
, ditruceticc,, and almost. of 'a
disinclination to. the
I trouble of opening their nuiuths.”

SURREY' ASSIZES.

GUILDyOIO, AVLDNESDA7', JULY 217.

- CROWN SIDE.
James Biodie and Robert Brodie were indicted
for steqiing a vautity of. plate the -property of
of Robert Hudson., Loci. at Banstead, iii 01.0
county.
It appeared 'in evidence; that a writ of exec
tion had gone down against the goods of :-11.•
Hudson, and his effects were put up to sole
Sheriff's broker. The two prisoners atz,
sale, and shortly after they were gone some
was found to be missing ; they were susp._
an some persons sent in pursuit of them on
London road, and they were' overtaken beyo-a
Sutton. They were in a chaise cart. BeiOg
stopped awl fincstioned, the_ elder Brodie call-
fessed they 111 • the plate, and produced- it
from the bottom of: the cart, which had a false
bottom. On further search, a variety of houses'
breaking implements were found in the cart, Oa-
they were both immediately apprehended. 'rile
Jury found them both Guilty.
The CHIEF BARON finished the trial of the pri-
soners very early this morning, and passed sen-
tence of Death du the above prisoners ; and Dar"
who was convicted yesterday of uttering forged
notes, whom h warned to prepare for exeCtliioo:,
On the Civil Side two' causes of right occupied
nearly the whole day, both of which' were eg"
tremely dull and uninteresting.

BOWST-ILET.—.lllichael In; zrfelcl, the ser-
vant of Mr. Rawlinsbn, a fishmonger, in Kiog.-
street, Portman=square, was brought to th;s
Office, charged with remaining at the docw*
way of Mr.. George Blaquire, of York-streerj
Portman-square, for, about two hours,
Tuesday evening, knocking violently at the
street door, making a. great noise and- disturb'
ance, causing a' number of persons to ;its,st'Llr
ble round the kouse, and other improper conduct.
It also appeared that the Defendant and 13'4
master had for some time pursued similar conduct
Mr. .Rawlinson sometimes taking a chair to
Blaquires door-way, smoaking a pipe, &c. 64'
Tuesday evening appeared to be a time fixed
particularly to annoy Mr..,Blaquire, on account
-his having a party to dinner, when Mr. Blaquiq
went out to the defendant, and repeatedly dcsitet.
to go away, but he refused.. Mr. B. in (;O;r1;
e.;
,seqUence horse-whipped him ; this• had not t"0
desired effect ; he persisted in remaining,ther
the great annoyance of Mr.. Blaquire, his pa 67 •
and
llawlinson attended, and justifid
tiOt?
:and his servant's conduct, as he acted by
rection, as he could not get his bill paid vil.‘,r.
was owing him by Mr. Blaquir'e for fish. -L;-
NAnF,s, the ALigi:Arate, obServed, that Mr.
quire not. paying his bill, did not justify their co 3"
_duct, and ordered' the defendant to find bath

, • BIRTHS: '
On Friday inornir.7; at Cove, the Lady of Captain tiPto a!
of His Majesty's frig-ate Sybille;of a Daughter.
On Wednesday morning, the Lady of (,:olonel DaP2:Ol, •Ais. ;
sistant Adjutint-Gene-ral to the Home Department, at 4:
hcusejn tipper Berkeley-street, of a DiVa4iittl'. tir-
The same evening, in Wirnpole-street,bthe Lady‘of SPthe
goon Fairer, Esq. of a Sod, which died in the course of
night. . _ , the
Yesterday morning, in NOV Norfolit-street, Park-line,
Lady of A: W. Rohtuts, Esq: of a Daughter. - - _.../'

MA h
. - la-
On Monday last, at StreathßamßlEb , Mr. John Roberts Pe;„t
fosse, of Fenchnrch=itreet, to Anna Mai id, eldest &laugh-
of the late Rev. William Shield, of Collyweston, Nortat:ir

.
. .
tombire. Car
. ,
Lately, at •Belem, in Portugal, James Watson, F!5(.1;...., of
tain of the i.st.Bstttalion, 43d Regiment, to ?th "is .P. iel
Newbury, Berks. .. • .1

DIED.
Jam
On board the ship John, on his passage to'Jamaica, .8- -
Hance, Esq. of that Island. - 131 j
At Orange,Valley Estatehn Blagrove, Esq. of that Islau, St. John's, Jamaica, Peter
►
grove, Es.i. third sou- of Jo
and of Ankerwyke-ouse, Bacs.
At Badajoz, on the H
18th :ult.k in consequence of ids
received at its storming, Lieutenant John Fitzwilliant "`
of the ,tsth line,
On Fiiday last,
_in the Mith year of his age, in a dec-jer
aftor a lingering illness, Thoirias,Johnton, 1.3001'' of
and Stationer of Hull, eldest son of Mr, Jalnes Johnston•qy
Lincoln, and 'brother-to Mr. Johnston, 134.wkseller, 'of Clje'
side.
On Saturday afternoon, the in.fant daghter Of the latell-.
t
John Harri on, Newgate-street, aged lire months.
On the.,.!(.;th inst. aged 78, the Rev. Benjamin A11,14'1-.0.,
Vicar of Penu, Bucks, and formerly' of l'tlagdalen-1-1411)
ford.
" On Monday morning last, at -11.z,r liottS;. ;.. in Great J.131„ct5-
11.
street, Bedford-row, Mrs. Jane Thirkill: in the seventy-
aooliJ
_
Year of her age, relict of John Thirkill, Esq.•late of tvis.
in Yorkshire.; r 01
On Wednesday morning, at Islington, ia the 82d YO,
her.Alrs. Elizabeth Hay.. •
On the (21,1 it ; inst. at Bromvton, 'Mrs. Williams,•
Captain W..l,Villiains, of hi, Majesty's .BCt h Regiment 0 ;v.
On the WI inst.' at Paris, in the 91st year of bis oget,
Pierre Petro I'erdrian, for;nrlv Consul-General of Fr•"'",
tlit,-Ports of the Lerant. ' • •
On the 9th of Xi:tie, at Paris,. Mr. Parcher, aged 71,*

' Si!.
.•
Murniiig, ,20 luintites aftafterHlGH WATEd AT LONDON MUDGE
S. i 'Evening, 45-miautesT,....-^tte-