The Sun.
London, England, 1841-11-05 00:00:00

hour Was necessary to complete the manufacture,
__ .

not know till tho Chambers meet whether the disarming
is positively decided.—Commerce.
BOURSE—PARIS, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 3.

and great additional employment to all the sea-
men, carriers, merchants,. brokers, &c., &c., who
were engaged in distributing the increased pro-
ductions of the power-loom. Similar facts hold
good throughout. The use of thrashing ma-
chines, of swing ploughs, &c., might have dimi-
nished the work of the agricultural labourer, but

iirst Highest Lowest Lad
• Price Price. Pric, Price.
French 5 per Cents ll5 60 ... 115 BO ... 115 SO ... 115 70
4 per Cents ll9 25 ... SA 25 ... 99 25 ... PO 25
3 per Cents... .......
Loan ....
Bank or trrance
Lerida Bank I.ooof. 81. ares 1040 ...1040 ; ...RAO —lOlO ~
Belgian 5 per Cents.
5 i.er Cents., 1840— tog%
... 10.2%
... 102%
... 192
Spanish Active ........ i 2 ... 1:2 ... 21% ... 2116
Passive 5 ... 5 ... 474 ... 5
Neapolitan lO5 10 ... 105 10 ... 195 10 ... 105 10
Roman •—. 104 ... 104 ... 104 ' ... 104
RAILWAY SHARES. --_
---

it must have increased the employment for all
the persons who were in any way concerned in

making and erecting those machines.
A gasometer is a machine without which our
streets could not be lighted, and independently of
the increased light, and safety, and improved
morals, which are the results of the use of gas,
there can be no doubt that the invention of gas
has very much more increased employment to
those connected with it, including those who
supply the coals and the metals, than it de•
creased employment tbr candle-makers and oil
producers. These instances are quite suflicientio
establish the .gerieral rule. The. invention and

St. Germain ___
d3O .. 730 .... 730 ... 730
Versaillcu.L.b 2dl 25 ..... 201 25 ... 201 25 .. 201 25
lt. 13 3ll 25 ... 311 25 ... 311 25 ... 311 25-
lowan .................
Orleans . 478 75 ... 478 75 ." 478 75 ... 478 75
Strasburg toßalf,shares red. 233 :5 .. 233 75 ... 231 25 ... 22 125

ItFLOLAN l!UNDS—Baussai.e, Nov. 3
Actual Debt, 9% per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent lOl
Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent. 92
3 per Cent,
--- ... 71%
(1540) lOl ,A,
Loan of City, V:32, 4 per Cent. 93
Society ot Comm;.rec, 4yi per Cent 93
Bank of Belgium, 5 per CenL 7IX
NationalS4ciety.
Exchange on Londe,o (she, t)
..:.Brussels Papers, Nov. 3.
DUTCH FUNDS.—AmaTraosm, NOT. 2.
'Stoney. Bills.
Actual Df:bt, '2% per Cent
Ditto, ditto 5 per coot. .., 994 :99%
Amen Syndie,44 per cent 90% 5,11:4
Ditto, ditto, 31,4, per cent 75% 7c'
Commercial Company, 4;, per cent lsili 1551 i
Ditto (1535 and 1837) 5 per cent.
Loan 1837, 5 per cent. 97 9i%
Exchange on London, One month lO 714 -

Thirty4even.

use of machinery is the creation of a new art,
and a new art is new employment. In fact,
therefore, however paradoxical it may seem
to those who are contented with first im-

pressions, as they are contented with the
belief that the sun moves round the earth, the
invention and use of machinery is the creation of
employment. This a priori theory is confirmed
by the growth of manufacturing towns in Eng-
land, in all of which the great mass of the popu-
lation find profitable, and in general ample, em-
ployment in arts wholly unknown to our an-
cestors.

Two months l2 -
Hamburgh, One month 55 8114
Two months 35 5654
Dutch Papers, Nov. 3.
AUSTRIAN FUND3.—Vrarms, Ocr. 26
Flveper Conts.Metalliques • 10514
Four per Cents. 98.4
Three pGr Cer1111• 0000000 00000000000 .13g1
Hank shares
—Alleemeine Zettling. Oct. 30.
HAMBURG BOBSENHALLE, OCT. SO.

Bills. Money
Austrian 5 per Cents. ..... ............... 107%
Bank *hares 1550
Anglo-Russian Loan lOB% 108
Russian 5 per Cent. Ist series, 0-rtificate
Inscription, Ist Sefi::s 101:
Bustian 5 per Cent. Hop,: and Co. 3d and 4th
Series ........... om. ....... •••••• •••••••••••••• 9Bli 03
Ditto in Certificates ......... ....... „ 98 971,',
New 4 per Cent. (1840).
Dutch Actual Debt, 2% per Cent LO%
Ditto S per Cent — --
Polish Bonds -
New ticket
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cer' :5; 75%
Norwegian Loan, 1834, 4 per Can:... li i".`54 102%
SkLaiish, New 5 per Cents.— 15%
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, Ocr. 30.
Bills. Money.
St. Schuld. Sch., 4% per cent. 10434 10S%
Prussian English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 102 101%
lixchange on London, three months 6 ISI% 6_18%
—Prussian State Gazette. Oct. 31.

The secondary, or collateral, effects of the use
of machinery are as striking as their immediate
and direct effects. In Wales, for example, a
vast population has grown up, chiefly of colliers
and miners. But they and all the multitude to
whom machinery gives employment, must be
fed. The demand for agricultural produce and
the cultivation of the soil, have increased as the
towns' people found employment in new arts ; and
to them may be traced the increase which has
taken place in employment for agricultural la-
bourers since the year 1700. At present every
person who lives in the country, except persons
of property, works at agricultural occupations ;
but in the olden times a great number of idle
menials, . with their families and dependents,
dwelt on the land. In our younger days there
was no inconsiderable number of huntsmen,
game-keepers, whippers-in, and unemployed
and half-employed persons in every country vil-
lage with which we were acquainted, the mass
of whom have now disappeared, and nearly all
who live on the land are now employed in agri-
culture. A much greater increase of employ-
ment in agriculture, therefore, than is indicated
by the increase of the rural population since
1700, is really due to the increased demand for
agricultural produce, arising from the invention
and use of machinery. The admirers of an
agricultural population are, in fact, much in-
debted to the manufacturing system, which they
foolishly decry, for the increase in the number of
the peasantry.
We have now, we think, demonstrated that
the invention and use of machinery, instead of
diminishing, adds very much to the sum of em-
ployment; and it will not be difficult to show, in
another article, that, instead of lowering, it
raises wages. Paradoxical as this may appear,
it flows directly and certainly from the principle
we have established. The real cause of the de-
cline of wages is perfectly different, as we will in
a future article endeavour to make apparent ;
when we will also suggest what a provident and
wise Legislature ought to do to alleviate the
great evils a few individuals continually suffer
from the introduction of machinery, which we set
out by admitting.

Mr. E. B. SMITH, who stands charged with
the forgery of Exchequer bills, was 3•esterday
brought before the Magistrates of Bow-street.
The depositions taken against him at the hearing
were read over, some few questions were asked,
and he was committed to Newgate to take his
trial. Mr. RAPALLO was remanded from the
Mansion-house, and will be.again brought up on
the 17th instant. On him heavier suspicions now
rest, from Mr. SMITH'S statement, than we Should
infer from his own account that he voluntarily
went to the Treasury to give information. Mr.
SMITH'S statement, however, that he did not
sign the bills, which was done by another hand
than his, as he would not sign his declaration, is
perhaps to be taken as one of the last efibrts of a
man guilty of many subterfuges to conceal his
greatest delinquency. At present no other per-
son is implicated than these two gentlemen; and
they share all the guilt betwixt them.
We are glad that the secret inquisition is at an
end, and that the fraud, like other frauds, is to
be investigated by the ordinary means,before the
ordinary tribunals. It will no longer be easy to
whisper away reputation at the West End, and
character in the City. What has been done will
now be revealed, and who has done it.
We have read of late some strange phrases,
which harmonise well with a secret inquisition,
such as "several other parties are. placed under
surveillance," a French system and a French
word,—but which grates most harshly on our
English ear. We hope not again to hear the
words, and never to see the system to which they
belong introduced here.
We cannot object to the Treasury examining
Mr. RAPALLO for several hours in private, when
he volunteered his statement ; but as soon as it
was discovered that his information went to
criminate himself, and when Messrs. GOULRDIth,
PEEL, and GRAHAM meant to take . advan-
tage of it, they ought to have informed
him. He is a Genoese, and perhaps not well ac-
quainted with our language, nor with our cus-
toms. Such circumstances should be, and we
are satisfied they will be, now that the investi-
gation is to be public, taken into consideration.
Mr. RAPA LLO, too, has now an able defender,
and we say GOD defend the right, and the right
only. In the mean tinie; his examination at the
Treasury ought to be taken with the allowances
we have hinted at, and which will not be neces-
sary for his public examinations.
What transpired yesterday is so far satisfac-
tory, that it implicated no well aceredited•.per-
sons. All the agents employed were of inferior
note, and the public is probably relieved by the
disclosures from many painful suspicions, both of
respectable men in the City, and of men high in
office. Though the extent of the evil is not yet
known, much relief is given by clearly pointing
out the channels through which it has flowed.

The Paris Journals of Wednesday have been
received. We have only space to-day for the
fbllowing extracts from them :
The Regent of Spain has sent orders to the agent
of his Government to grant passports to all the non-
commissioned officers, soldiers, and peasants, who, after
being seduced by O'Donnell and the other insurgent
Chiefs, have taken refuge in France. This, however,
is not to be-applied to such persons as had previously
been in the Carlist ranks, nor those who had entered
Spain before under the amnesty, and have now, there-
fore, been guilty of a second offence.—Constitutionnel.
The Phare de Bayonne of Monday has the following:
—" All the SpaniEh refugees who were at Marrae have
already been sent off to their ultimate destination. Ge-
nerals and other officers of all ranks, to the number of
534, have received passports for various depots in the
interior."
A letter which we have received from Toulon, dated
29th October, says—" The captains of the Scipion, Ju-
piter, Suffren, and Tulen, have received orders to dis-
charge the servitors of the levy of 1831, and those who
have served 48 months. This measure, which is also
applied to the ships at anchor, or in the road, is actu-
ally carrying into execution, and we are now afraid that
it will be extended to the seamen who have served
thirty-six months. Thus between 7,000 and 8,000 men
will be discharged. This is equivalent to disarming.
A remarkable circumstance however is, that it seems to
be 3 intended to keep the ships in good condition. The
Montebello, which it was said was to be disarmed, has
that s
t} rat t
o say the
just changed one of its masts. On the other hand, the
!.: oronne is going to be brought into the basin. We
have also remarked that the Government, while it
•
three gives
themmonths,
authorised the seamen to enter the merchant service,
y RTC liable to e recalled in
in the month he
March. All
these circumstances prevent us from clearly understand-
, ing the intentions of the Ministry. At all events the
fleet cannot possibly act during this winter. We shall

THE SUN, LONnOST. FRIDAY, NOVEMIIER 's' 1841.

brutality of the Irish people. As for the magnanimity
of the Tories, of whom it speaks in such inflated terms
of.panegyrics, where is it, when was it shown, when will
it ever be sh:>wn ? Has Ireland, in particular, ever
benefited by it ? Read the history of that country, and
you will find the answer written in characters of blood
and flame ! Proclamations of martial-law—penal statutes
Without number—Church exactions—partial justice, with
its accompaniments of hangings, torturings, floggings ;
these are the things that speak trumpet-tongued to the
magnanimity of the Tories towards Ireland l
In reference to the exulting terms in which the High
Churchmen proclaimed the advent of the present Minis-
try to power, the Chronicle observes :—"-` Io Triumphe'
has been chaunted over Popery and free trade. ,The
banners of salvation and starvation have floated together
on the breeze. Whiggism fell before the war cry of the
Church and no cheap bread. And how does the firebrand
section of High Church Protestants like its success ?
Where is the golden fruit it hoped to gather? What
have its champions done to atone for previous recreancy,
to improve the victory, and to repay the political effer-
vesence of religious zeal that restored them to power ?
The Maynooth grant has been repeated. No symptoms yet
appear of the repeal of Catholic Emancipation. kThe peni-
tence of the Duke and Sir Robert, publicly and clerically
vouched for, evinced itself by no overt act."-.-
Mother Church has of late greatly lowered her tone,
and is by no means so certain of the support, sympathy,
and uncompromising integrity of the Tory Government,
as she was some months ago. She discovers now that
she has been shouting before she was out of the wood ;
and has yet to discover that a Tory Minister is no re-
specter of pledges, when those pledges happen to mili-
tate against his interest. Sir Robert will uphold the
Church no • further than may suit his views of expe-
diency. By this, and this only, will his conduce be in-
fluenced. As for fixed principle, it is out of the ques-
tion. .As well may you expect to find the bump of con-
scientiousness in a lawyer, as sterling, inflexible prin-
ciple in a Tory Minister. When the. Bishop of Exeter
gets back his long-coveted rectory of Stanhope, then will
a Tory statesman fling expediency.to the winds, and take
principle as his sole rule of action.
The Derby Repot ter remarks, in reference to the late.
municipal elections in that town :—" The Tories threw
down the gauntlet, with the double object of first gain-
ing power in the Corporation, and, if possible, subse-
quently returning a Tory Member or Members to the
House of Commons. Consequently the burgesses—
placing no trust in the politics of Conservatives, and
anxious to deliver their interests to the keeping of Re-
formers, with whose sentiments they agreed—broke
through all considerations of private regard, and gave
the victory to public opinion. In thus acting they have
only taken a leaf out of the. Tamworth Quack's book of
prescriptions."
- The Dublin Pilot says :—" Old Lefroy—the man who
proved himself ' too bad' even for the Tory Duke of
Northumberland—is to have a seat on the Bench, vice
old Johnson, resigned. Sir Robert Peel's representatives
in Ireland have done many foolish things during their
brief possession of office ; but the elevation of Lefroy—
the most unscrupulous of politicians, and the most un-
compromising- of partisans—to an office connected with
the administration of justice, outdoes all their previous
absurdities." -
The following is from the Wilts Independent :—" Ought
a tax on food, and the New Poor-law Bill to exist toge-
ther ? and, Will the people much longer suffer them-
selves to be crucified between the two ? Let all parties
interested look to it. Let the Corn-law men—the New
Poor-law men—and above all let the people, and parti-
cularly the working classes, look to it, for them it con
cerns the most deeply."
DZONEY-TRADE-COMMEnCE.

. At Woolwich Dockyard 70 fresh masons arc at work.
The number that struck was 101.
The postponed meeting upon the affairs of Messrs.
Hobhouse and Co.'s bankruptcy stands adjourned to the
9th inst., at the White Hart, Bath.
The shoals of herrings upon the Brighton coast this
season are said to far exceed the supply of former years.
NAVAL AND MILITARY.
The fifth anniversary of the London Maritime Insti-
tution was celebrated yesterday at the London Tavern,
Bishopsgate-street, where upwards of sixty naval and
mercantile gentlemen sat down to dinner. Sir George
Cockburn filled the chair.
The Dukes of Marlborough and Wellington, on their
visiting the. Tower yesterday, were observed accidentally
viewing at the same time the smouldering embers of the
trophies from the two gr?at
.fields of Blenheim and
Waterloo.