The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-25 00:00:00

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF SIR. OSRALDISTON.
Re-appearance of Miss Vincent, after her severe indisposition,
in the character of " Susan Hopley," which she has already
performed sixty successive nights.
TEN EVENING, SEPT. 25,
The highly interesting and pathetic Domestic Drama, called
SUSAN HOPLEY; UR THE TRIALS AND VICISSI-
TUDES OF A SERVANT GIRL. William Dean, Mr. E.
F. Saville ; Susan Hopley, Miss Vincent, the acknowledged
Heroine of Domestic Drama.

After which, RAFFAELLE THE REPROBATE; OR.
THE SECRET MISSION, AND THE SIGNET RING.
Raffaelle, Mr. E. F. Saville ; Count des Monte, Mr. Dale ;
Gablin, Mr. Howard ; Pauline. Mrs. Lee.
To conclude with, in Three Acts, THE LIFE and DEATH
of JAMES DAWSON ; or, the REBEL of 1745.—James
Dawson, Mr. E. F. Savile ; Lambourne, Mr. Dale ; Charles
Edward, Mr. Seaman ; Sim, Mr. Gardner ; Kate Morton,
Mrs. Lee; Sarah, Mrs. Howard.
Boxes, 23.—Pit, Is.—'alleys, 6d. Half-price to the Boxes
anly, at Half-past Eight.
To-morrow, Susan Hoole

Raffaelle, and James Dawson.

THE RAILWAY SUN,

AND THE
PARLIAMENTARY SUN,
ARE NOW RE-PUBLISHED,
PRICE SIXPENCE EACH.
Sun Office, Aug. 30, 1841.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
We regret very much that the communication sent by " Tenax"
has bet n mislaid. We will endeavour to find it; and, if not
out of date, it shall appear.

11.1aG H WATER AT LONDON 1)(11,1 THIS DAY.
m
...... 3$ minutes attar 9 Evenijitti.. ..,6
inmates after IP.

LONDON:
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1841.

In the Times of Wednesday therevas ainn ela-
boratethe article to prove that fluctuations
currency, not the Corn-laws, are the real cause
of the existing depression of trade. The article
concluded by saying, " our statement is so plain
that a child may understand it, and so undeni-
able that 'no one will attempt to refute it." We
might not, perhaps, have undertaken the task
had not our Contemporary yesterday boasted
that Lord STANLEY and lie quite agree as to the
real causes of the existing depression. But Lord
STANLEY only imitated Sir ROBERT PEEL, and
having stolen one of the Right Hon. Baronet's
mannekins, he decorated it after his own glib
fashion, in order to beguile the Lancashire free-
holders. The Times, Lord STANLEY, and Sir
ROBERT PEEL, in fact, agree in ascribing the
depression, to the fluctuations in the currency,
and re are stimulated to notice the unrefutable
article of the Times by the expectation of bring-
ing sor re discredit on the theory of the Baronet
and the Lord by exposing the errors of the jour-
, nalist.
PA PElPaasing over a quantity of the usual vitupe-
ration of our Contemporary, we come to his first
atattfrinent of a fact :
" We need go no further back than 1818," says the
Times., "In that year the Bank of England,
encouraged
by successive reprieves, had launched out as if the day of
reckohino- would never arrive. We speak from memory.
but we h:lieve that its issues were nearly 30,000.0001.
The constluenees were, abundance of money, high prices,

eug r speculation, plenty of employment, and all the
other concomitants of prosperity.' "
Now, what are the facts as to the issue of the
Bank of England in 1818, and previous years, and
what was the prosperity of that and the following
year? According to Mr. MActmLocn's Dic-
tionary, the issues of the Bank of England were
as follows :
In August 1818, 26,602,8371.; in February,
28,279,043/. ; in August, 1817, 30,099,908/. ; in
February, 27,058,578/. ; in August, 1816,
27,075,8541.; and in February, 25,680,0001. It
was not, therefore, in 1819 that the Bank
launched out, for in that year its issues had
decreased very nearly 2,000,000/., and did not
equal the issues of 1816. That is false state-
ment the first.
Yesterday the Times seems to have become
aware of its error, but instead of contradicting it,
and so refuting the unrefutable article it had
built on a gross blunder, it merely said that in
1818 the circulation of the Bank of England
was 27,220,0001., thus convicting itself of an
error of nearly one-tenth of the whole circula-
tion of the Bank, a sum more than equivalent
to the average of those fluctuations from which
the Times says all our commercial evils flow.
Passing from 1818, the Times on Wednesday
went on to say—
The next year, in 1819, saw a sudden change. The
Act for the resumption of cash payments passed; the Bank
received notice to pay all its notes in gdd within three years,
and it immediately began to contract its issues. General
distress instantly ensued. The chief seats of trade were
first affected ; hence the failures of that year in London
and the other great towns, and the riots at Manchester
and divers other places."
Subsequent, then, to 1818, according to the
Times, when the Bank launched out, there were
abundance of money, high prices, eager specula-
tion, plenty of employment, and all the other
concomitants of" prosperity," and yet before the
end of the following year all this was completely
changed, and great distress and riots ensued.
This is a very short period for such a change ;
but before a public journalist makes such a state-
ment, be is bound to consult some other records
than those of his own memory and imagination.
The Manchester riot took place on the 16th of
August, 1819, or in less than a year after the
commencement of the great prosperity arising
from the Bank launching forth in 1818. On
November 29th of that year, Mr. BENNET pre-
sented a petition from Manchester, which set
forth " that great distress had long prevailed
in Manchester and its neighbourhood ;" so that
the great prosperity of the short period which
intervened between the Bank launching out in
1818, and the riot of 1819—the disturbance of
which prosperity is said to have been the cause
of the riot---is a piece of invention on the part of

the Times.
But the whole paragraph displays intense igno-
rance in the leading Journal. The change which
took place in 1819, so far as the Act for the re-
sumption of cash payment is concerned, was the
very reverse from that described in the Times.
The Bank of England, by the Act of 1818,
the last Act for restraining cash pay-
ments before 1819, was bound to resume
cash payments on the sth of July, 1820,
and the Act of 1819, which the Times describes as
causing the Bank, by obliging it to pay its notes
in gold to restrict its issues, was not to accelerate
but postpone that period. It is entitled "An
Act to continue the restrictions contained in
several Acts on payments in cash by the Bank
of England until the Ist of May, 1823." Thus
its effect was to put off the resumption of cash
payments from July 5, 1820, at which period
they were previously ordered to take place, to
May 1, 1823.*
Moreover, the Bank of England was under an
obligation to pay certain of its outstanding notes
of an earlier date than 1817 in the year 1819,
and the Parliament no sooner met in that year
than the merchants of London petitioned to have
the Bank released from that obligation. Ac-
cordingly, the first act of the Committee of
Secresy, which sat in 1819, on Bank affairs,
was to recommend that an Act should
be passed to restrain the Bank from
paying these notes in gold. A Bill
was forthwith brought in and passed at
once through all its stages. Thus, in the early
part of 1819, the Bank of England was relieved
from an obligation immediately to pay its notes
in gold, while the Times asserts that it was the
creation of such an obligation in 1819 which was
the cause of the Bank curtailing its issues, which
curtailment of issues, according to the Times,
was the cause of all the distress which prevailed
in the next few subsequent years. This is a gross
mistake.

The reader will, perhaps, suppose that we
have pointed out errors enough in one short
paragraph, but they are more numerous- than
the words. Instead of prosperity prevailing
in 1818, as the Times asserts, Mr. TOOKE says
(and his authority is better than that of the
Times), " That, numerous and extensive failures
began in the latter part of that year "—on the
heels of the Bank launching out—" and con-
tinued, more or less, through the early part of
1819," &c.—Tooke on Prices, vol. 2, page 77.
Then the distress of 1819, which the Times
ascribes to the Act for the resumption of Cash
Payments, took place before that Act was
passed in June, which, at the same time, was an
Act fur postponing, not accelerating, those
payments.
"Gradually," the Times proceeded to say, "the depression
spread over the country. In 1820 and 1821, it reached
the agriculturists. The year 1822 resounded with their
complaints. At last, in 1823, the Government was in-
duced to relax in its resolve, and the Small Note Bill
passed."

Would not any one believe from this that the
depression of 1819, which caused the riot at
Manchester, as the Times says, continued in the
towns as well as in the country? But what was
the fact? In the year 1822, the Bank of Eng-
land's circulation was less than 18,000,000/, and
lower than at any period between 1818 and 1323.
At the commencement of that year, however,
this was the language of the KING'S Speech :
" I have the greatest pleasure in acquainting you that
a considerable improvement has taken place in the course
of the last year in the commerce and manufactures of the
United Kingdom, and I can now state them to be, in their
important branches, in a very flourishing condition."
We will not now attempt to point out the causes
of the agricultural distress in 1822 and 1823, for
that would extend our observations too much ;
we content ourselves with reminding the Times
that at present the dispute concerns manufactur-
ing and not agricultural distress, that great ma-
nufacturing prosperity was combined in 1822
with a much limited Bank circulation. That
single fact overthrows the whole theory of the
Times.

We might proceed through the " unrefutable"
article, and show that every paragraph abounds
in errors, blunders, and mis-statements, such as
we have exposed, but this sample of the sack of
rubbish which the Times seeks to palm off on the
public as, genuine wholesome food will suffice•
What is the real cause of commercial prospe-
rity and depression has certainly not been
pointed out off-hand so clearly that a child may
understand it by the Times, nor will that journal,
in its new-born zeal for the bread-tax and the
bread-taxers, persuade the manufacturing and
mercantile community that the paper money
dealers are the persons who doom them to want

and death. Even if they were, the manufac-
turers have as good reason to demand the re-

moval of that cause from the hand of the Legi;_

lature, and as good reason to condemn it for not
immediately taking means at least to inquire into

the cause of their distress, as if the Cora-law

were at the bottom of the mischief.
Till the Times adopted Sir ROBERT PEEL'S
nostrum, and endeavoured on Wednesday to
direct public indignation from the landowners to
the paper-money dealers, we considered that
journal as not having wholly passed over to the
side of the bread-taxers. But tired apparently
of not fully sharing the landlords' favours, and
envious of the more successful Herald and Post,

* See Second Report on the State of the Bank, in
Hansard, vol. 40, p. 152, and p. 1,567, for the title of
the Act. See also Lurd Hulland'i Speech, p.

which are appropriate organs of the starvation
party, it offered itself on Wednesday, armed
and provisioned, ready to make war at its own
charge, to do battle against the com-
merce of England. It starts as the willing
guerilla of PEEL and the landownerS. It
puts on the livery of the Starvation Ministry, and
takes on itself the ignominious task of bolstering
up those laws it has heretofore so zealously de-
nounced. Following the direction of Peel, it un-
dertakes to hunt Anti-Corn-law agitation to death
for the service of its new masters. If it succeed
no better on other occasions than on Wednesday
it will only maim and bruize itself, - .gratifying
the clodpoles it now serves, but it will not injure
the cause of Corn-law abolition.

In the House of Commons last night Sir J.
EASTHOPE put himself very unnecessarily for-
ward as the advocate of aristocratic extravagance.
The question was the retiring annuity of the
VICE-CHANCELLOR. It was proposed that this
ihould be 3,5001. Mr. EWART moved that
it be 3,0001., which, as Mr. WAKLEY properly
said, is 1,0001. too much ; 2,0001. a year would
he ample. We know not how an elderly gen-
tleman can rationally and decently spend more.
But neither this sum, nor even the large sum of
3,0001., equalled Sir J. EASTHOPE'S magnificent
notions of the manner in which the Judges
should be paid. He condemned the proposed
reduction as paltry economy. Precisely such
votes as that given, we presume, by Sir J. EAST-
HOPE, and such reasons as he urged, extending
through every branch of the public service, at
one time augmenting the pay of Judges, at an-
other increasing the salaries of officers of every
description, civil and military, are the sources
of the vast expenditure in the aggregate which
falls so heavily on the national industry, and
cripples the resources of the people. Though
we like free trade as well as Sir J. EASTHOPE, we
like ecom.my also in managing public affairs.
Sir LEASTIMPE represents a constituency which
suffers at this moment much distress, and as
long as gentlemen ridicule economy as paltry
that distress will never receive relief from .the
Legislature. Does not Sir J. EASTHOPE see that
by voting
.salaries and pensions on the aristo-
cratic scale, he fosters in the aristocracy that
desire for large incomes, which imposes the
Corn-law on the community ? Is he not con-
vinced, too, that by taking a single farthing
more from the people by taxes than is abso-
lutely necessary, he commits a gross injustice ?
What he stigmatizes as paltry economy is com-
mon honesty, and we are mistaken in the suf-
fering and energetic electors of Leicester if they
do not convince Sir J. EASTHOPE that if he hope
to represent them in future he must be as care-
ful of the public money as he is of his own.

One of the most numerous and respectable
meetings ever held at Glasgow, assembled there
on Wednesday, and unanimously agreed to me-
morialise her MAJESTY not to prorogue Parlia-
ment till the distress of the country had been
inquired into. We shall give an abridged report
of the proceedings when we can find room. Mr.
OswALD, the Member for Glasgow, was in the
Chair, having gone down from London to attend
the meeting. Two clergymen addressed the
assembly in eloquent and forcible speeches, while
all who spoke deprecated in the strongest lan-
guage, the neglecting to relieve the people as
pregnant with the greatest danger. A far greater
number of persons would have collected had
there been room, for many hundreds went away
because they could not be accommodated. We
some time ago expressed a hope that Glasgow
might surpass Manchester, and if it has not it
has at least equalled it on this occasion, and has
given, in conjunction with its English sister, a
heavy blow and great discouragement to mono-
poly and starvation.

The dinner given, on the 21st instant, by the
nhabitants of Brighton to the Directors and
the Engineer of the London and Brighton Rail-
way, is a just tribute to great enterprize, perse-
verance, and skill. Perhaps no line in the king-
dom of equal length exhibited so many difficul-
ties. It has five tunnels, two of them more
than a mile each, making the tunnelling altoge-
ther more than three miles and a quarter. The
principal shaft of oue of them, the Clayton
tunnel, is not less than 270 feet below the
surface of the ground. Many of the cut-
tings are from 80 to 125 feet, and that at
Mei stham not less than 180 feet deep.
It has one magnificent viaduct, built at great ex-
pense, besides other great works, and this vast
undertaking has been completed in little more
than three years, and at less than twice the cost
of Waterloo-bridge. Well might Mr. Has-
TRICK, the engineer, on rising to make his
short, modest speech, say, " I never in my
life rose with prouder feelings than I do on this
occasion." He had accomplished a great work,
undismayed by the taunts of the ignorant public
and difficulties in the line which lie did not
anticipate. To the Directors and Share-
holders, too, no little prtise is due for the
spirit with which they furnished means to
carry out such an expensive national undertaking.
We take some pride in the completion of
this important railway, for this Journal. we be-
lieve, was the very first to point out this line,
not only as a certain means of benefiting the town
of Brighton, but also as one of the most direct
lines of communication between the two great
capitals of the world. The Directors, we trust,
will now make the best use of the road fir their
own interest, as well as the good of the public, and
this they might accomplish by a inure liberal sys-
tem of uianageuu The fares are still too high,
and there should be a third-cl ass train for Ltbourers
and other persons who cannot afford a week'swages
for travelling only two or three hours. Brighton
will not be injured, but, on the contrary, must be
greatly benefited by the influx of strangers.
Ramsgate and Margate have, in a manner, been
created by the steamboats ; property there has
probably been trebled in value; and Brighton,
if the management of the Directors be judicious,
will enjoy the same results.

The French journals of Wednesday are for

the most part occupied with the question of the

warfare which the Cabinet is now carrying on
against the Opposition press. We have again
and again condemned this persecution of the
journals as most unwise on the part of the,
French Government. It operates ruinously upon
the journals, without absolutely suppressing
them, and therefore but increases the desperate
rage of their conductors. To make even politi-
cians moderate, the right plan is to make them
rich, instead of foolishly trying to make them
poor. The fiercest patriotism is made fiercer by
hunger.
The tranquillity of the French capital was not
disturbed on Tuesday night. Whether this was
owing to the arrest on Tuesday by the police of a
brace of traitorous old women, who
,were safely
lodged in prison, we presume not to determine.
They were both portresses, and a quantity of
arms were found concealed in their respective re-
sidences. Louis PHILIPPE'S throne is indeed in
danger when we find the old women conspiring
to overthrow it.

The Presse has a long article on the Eastern
Question, the purport of which is to show that
France is the only gainer by the Treaty of the
13th of July.
We quote the following from the Univer.q:—

" A severe discussion occurred on Monday between the
French and Belgian Commissioners, by which the negoeia-
tions were in danger of being broken of M. Humana, the
Finance Minister, opposes ith pertinacity, all coneessions as
to the admission of iron, no matter how limited the quantity.
Amongst the concessions proposed by the Belgian Commis-
sioners is the prohibition of the piracy of French literary
works in Belgium. We are told that the Belgian Commis-
sioners are in a state of irritation which leaves little hope that
the negotiations will end satisfactorily. We are assured,
however, that their Majesties Louis Philip and Leopold agree
better than their Ministers on these questions. The following
words are said to have been uttered by one of the Ministers,
' National interests ought to prevail over those of a dynasty.'
The Gazette des Tribenaux, which is usually
well informed, has the following statement re-
lative to the intentions of the Cabinet:—
It has been repo ted that the Ministry, in consequence of
recent events, is preparing several projects of law for neat ses-
sion. It appears, in fact, that Government has announced its
intention to lay two Bills before the Chambers. One for esta-

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