The Sun.
London, England, 1847-06-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY' EVENING, JUNT 4, 1847.

THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, JUNE 4.
THERNOMEI EN, Lowest, 52 ; Highest. 74 ; Noon, 69.
BAROMETER, 30.32.—W1ND N.N.E.; fine.

WWI WATER AT LONDON-BRDIGE Tl.llB DAY.
Morning .. 12 minutes after 5. I Evening .. 37 minims etc 3.

may afford of a healthier state of feeling, on the pro-
priety and rectitude of his conduct from the com-
mencement of his sentence. The separate system is
held in the greatest dread by those who care little
for imprisonment, so long as they are allowed to
associate with others, to boast of their former exploits,
to corrupt their companions, and to harden themselves
in their guilt and their depravity. The silence and
seclusion that attends the separate system gives time
for reflection ; the criminal, too, is removed from
the ridicule with which guilty associates are too
much in the habit of treating any symptoms
of amendment evinced by any of their companions,
and by which too often they succeed in banishing
the better feelings that are struggling into existence
and nipping them in the bud. On his removal from
this state the prisoner will not, however, be imme-
diately cast loose; he will enter into the second stage
of punishment, in which he will be employed on
public works, either in this country or in some of
our colonies, where his services may be wanting.
Here, also, the strictest surveillance will be kept up
over his conduct. From thence his condition will be
gradually ameliorated, and his ultimate release will
depend, not on the time he may have been
confined alone, but on the quantity of his industrial
labour, assisted by good conduct. It is not the least
favourable part of the present plan that it introduces
no new machinery, that there is nothing theoretical
or experimental proposed—it is merely a judicious
arrangement of existing materials and existing disci-
pline brought into use in a regular mode of pro-
gression.

We certainly have no great confidence in the law
as laid down under the authority of the judges who
at present preside in the Court of Queen's Bench.
It is at all times invidious to draw distinctions; but
since the characters of public men are, to a certain
extent, public property, we would remark, that whilst
we should place little reliance upon the collective
wisdom of the Court in question upon any important
point that might be submitted to their decision, we
should be disposed to waive our impression in favour
of any isolated opinion of Mr. Justice PATTESON.
Still, to the Court of Queen's Bench, such as it is, all
matters affecting life and liberty are peculiarly re-
ferred. A decision was given yesterday, which, it
appears to us, demands some significant observations.
A person named KEENING, who had been com-
mitted to prison for forty days, on an order
of the Commissioner for the Sheriffs' Court, for hav-
ing failed to pay an instalment of 21., was brought up
under a writ of habeas corpus and claimed his dis-
charge, inter alia, upon the ground that he ought to
have been summoned and heard as to the reasons of
his default before he was taken into custody. Upon
this, the main point, the Judges were equally divided
in opinion, Lord Durmast and Mr. Justice ERLE, on
the one side, resisting, Justices PATTESON and COLE..
RIDGE, on the other, approving of the application.
Hereupon the prisoner was remanded. Not
denying it to be according to precedent that,
where the judges of a superior court are balanced in
their sentiments with respect to any proceeding of
another court, the latter should be upheld in its deci-
sion, we think that, apart from the importance of the
subject, where personal liberty is involved, reason
demands that this practice should be discontinued.
Even when the appeal is made from the opinion of a
judge of equal rank to those of the appellant court,
we should still support this view; for, although
it might be urged that we should then have virtually
three out of five judges of equal dignity agreeing in
opinion, and therefore the prisoner should not be re-
leased, yet it is to be remembered that a question is
always presumed to be more elaborately argued in
a full court, that continued reflection may have fur-
nished new arguments, and that "in the council of
the multitude there is wisdom ;" and it is not to be
presumed but that if the judge, whose original
decision is excepted to, were present when it is
solemnly reviewed, he might be disposed to consider
it erroneous. But, be this as it may, when the
I opinions of the superior judges are equally divided in
regard to the act of a judge of an inferior court, a
fortiori we would urge that the presumption of law,
in favorem libertatis, should prevail, and especially
where, as between the judge of a sheriff's court and
the judges of the Court of Queen's Bench, the differ-
ence in point of experience, learning, and ability
may be taken vastly to preponderate in favour of the
latter. We hope the observations we have thrown
out will quickly engage the attention of the judicial
authorities and of the Legislature, and the more so
since the principle of law is, that where a doubt exists
the prisoner is entitled to the benefit; and certainly,
in the case we are treating of, and for the reasons we
have advanced, he should not be deprived of it. R e are
glad to perceive that steps have been already taken in
the Common Pleas for impeaching the soundness ofthe
respective opinions of Lord DENMAN and Mr. Jus-
tice ERLE in Mr. KEINING'S case. We shall, there-
fore, upon a future occasion, proceed to show that
the prisoner was entitled, both by the spirit and
letter of Bth and 9th Vic., c. 127, to the summons,
as urged in his late unsuccessful application.

The Madrid papers of the 28th ult. contain no
news of any importance.
MADRID, Boma, MAY 28.—Three per Cents. 30
to 30k, Five per Cents. 20i, Passive 5/ to 6. Ex-
change on London 49.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
In the Chamber of Deputies, M. GUIZOT stated
that he considered it his duty, in the present state of
affairs, to decline giving any explanations relating to
the intervention in the affairs of Portugal.
The 2vloniteur announces that the Government had
received accounts from the Bourbon station, dated
the 2d of January. The Belle Poule, having suf-
fered considerably in her masts and rigging during
the hurricane of the 15th of December, was then

undergoing repairs at Sainte Marie, Madagascar,
and would soon be able to put to sea. The corvette
I3erceau had sailed from Bourbon the day before the
Belle Poule. The commander of the station hoped
that she had not experienced more injury than the
Belle Poule, but he nevertheless felt much uneasi-
ness as to her fate. The hurricane bad been ex-
tremely violent, and the frigate Belle Poule, " hay-

ing no wind to fill her sails, was a long time lying
on her side unable to rise." The Archimede steamer
was to be dispatched in quest of the Berceau.
The Marshal DE GROUCHY dial on the 29th ult.

at St. Etienne, in the 82d year of his age. His body

has been brought into Paris. He has left three
children, Major-General Count ALPHONSE DR
GROUCHY, Colonel DE GRoucnr, of the Hussar,
and the Marchioness D'ORMESSON.

The Courrier Francais states that the fortifications
of Paris are so badly built, that they are already fall-
ing down. Questions are to be addressed to the
Minister on this subject in the Chamber.
Letters from Toulon of the 30th ult. announce that
the squadron commanded by the Prince DE JOIN VILLE
had sailed from the Island of Hyeres in the direction
of the coast of Africa. According to the Sentinelle de
Toulon, it was to proceed to Algiers.

Orders have been received at Rochefort to put on
the stocks two second-class frigates, the Circe and
Fiore, and to carry them up to 6 24ths in 1847. The
first-named has been placed on the stocks lately oc-
cupied by the Inflexible, and the other will be placed
on those occupied by the Renommee, which is to be
launched towards the end of July. Orders have been
given for the launch of the Heliopolis, a third-class
►essel. The steam-frigate the Mogador, of 650-
horse power, is being pushed forward with activity,
and will be launched at the end of the year.
The accounts of the growing crops published in the
French papers continue to be most satisfactory.
The Mayor of Lyons had given notice to the in.
habitants that, in consequence of the splendid appear-
ance of ti e crops and the fall in the price of grain,
the distribution of bread-tickets to the indigent
classes would cease on the sth instant.

The Three per Cents., as we have just stated, closed on
Wednesday at 78f. 80c., the Five per Cents., 116 f. 95c.:
the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,2571. 50c.; Rouen, 962 f
50e.; Havre, 660 f.; Great Northern, 6080 75c.; Avignon,
745 t.; Vierzon, 590 f. ; Bordeaux, 5101.; Basle, 188 f. 75c.;
Paris and Strasburg, 4281. 75c. ' • Tours and Nantes, 415 f. •
Paris and Lyons, 433 f. 75c.; Lyons and Avignon, 4461'.
2.5 c. ;Cette, 447 f. 50c.; Spanish Thive per Cents., 35.
Liroxs, MAY 31.—Paris and Rouen, 950 t. ; Avignon and
Marseilles, 738 f. 75c.; Northern, 606 f. 25c.; Paris and
Lyons, 433 t. 75c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LON DoN STOCK EXCHANGE, JUNE 3.
Northern of France, 12—Paris and Lyons, s,—Rouen and
Havre, 25,4.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer has received
fifte.en sovereigns from " Conscience," which will be paid
into tin receipt of the Exchequer.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.

CI7 Y, QUARTER TO THREE.

The sales of Cotton at Liverpool, yesterday, were 4,000
bales, including 400 American fur export. The market closed
quietly with prices of American, Surat, and Egyptian un-
changed. Brazil was %d. higher. The business consisted
of 500 Egyptian, at 7%d. to B%d. ; 500 Surat, at 4d. to 4Scl. ;
400 Pernams and Maranhams, at 7d. to Bd. ; and the remainder
American, at 6%d. to 73/4d. per lb.
The prospects of the Money Market will not be clearly
ascertained until it is seen how far the Government can
overcome the difficulties which in some measure appear to
exist in connexion with Exchequer-bills. Report states
that money will be demanded for them to the amount of one
or two m►llions sterling, and great curiosity is, therefore,
felt to ascertain whether the Chancellor of the Exchequer
will fund, raise the interest, or get the assistance of the
Bank, in co-operation with other wealthy establishments,
to take the new bills, and get them out gradually on the
market. Most likely tne payments on the loan have fur-
nished ample funds to meet the claims of dissentients.

The author of some letters, which appeared in The Sun
newspaper of the year 1843, under the signature of "lota,"
considering that our present monetary difficulties offer a
saasouable opportunity again to bring forward his suggestions,
and that a "Correct Monetary 5.% stem" is essential to a
" Free Trade System," remarks that—" The injustice of the
present system, which requires the Bank of England always
to provide gold at 31. 17s. 10%d. per ounce, though the ai-
rectors may be compelled to give 4/. per ounce for it, is
obvious; and its inexpediency, as it regards the British
public, has been shown in my former letters. All mer.
cantile men know how dreadfully they have been
punished to meet their pecuniary engagements at those
periods when the export of bullion has bees a profitable
transaction ; yet nob. dy can with propriety blame the direc-
tors of the Bank for having refused to supply, at those
of
li accommodationliberal
p ohey w on
would
do
htahveei r custo-
mers,endan
reestablishment. Rather let blame be
put it out of the power of the
ti,gatemtraeecdssettedhheeeitnosguatsfhteuiatia3atl,
toar
lawtohuianntnt
which
directors to administer the ample resources of the establish-
ment with a steady and uniform liberality."
The illustration is given as follows:
" The panic of 1823 shows how individual selfishness may
be tempted, under our present monetary system, to act pre-
judicially to the public welfare. But, assume' the market-
price system of cash payments to have been in operation at
that time, and the result would have been widely different.
For the sake of argument, we may admit, that the extrava-
gant speculations of 1824 had taken place, and that, from
the extraorlinary facilities which this country then afforded
for borrowing money, and the increased value it commanded
abroad, an export of the precious metals had commenced,
which threatened to drain the coffers of the Bank of
England. All that the directors need to have done in such
a case, under the assumed system, would have been to offer
to give or take gold, in its relations to British bills, after the
same rate of value that the gold commanded abroad. This
would at once have checked any unnatural demand, whilst
any legitimate and natural demand would have been sup-
plied upon fair commercial terms. But the most important
part of the case would have been, that the Bank could then
have safely continued to supply bank- notes for all domestic
transactions of our merchants, without any danger of being
called on immediately afterwards to give gold for them upon
cheaper terms than they could buy it."
There have been some few money sales of stock again to-
day, but as the corn market is dull, prices are kept tolerably
steady. Consols have been 881/s to 88% for present transfer,
and 88,-)A % for July. Exchequer-bills are firmer, at 2s. to
4s. premium. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents.
have been 883/ to 89. Bank Stock is firm at 195.
In the Foreign Investments the business done has not been
of any extent. The accounts from Lisbon have not depressed
the value of Portuguese Stock below 323/ %, because there
are adverse statements as to whether the Junta will accept
our mediation. Spanish Three per Cent. Stock has been
quoted 34. Grenada Bonds have been at 20. Dutch Four
per Cents. are 893% to 90, and Russian Bonds are 110.
Railway Shares have been very dull to-day, but are look-
ing up again, and in general cannot fail to be benefited by
Legislative interference to check calls.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)

Bank Stock .. .. • • •• • • .. .. 195
Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities • • 87% % 87
Three per Cent. Consols Annuities • • • • 88% %
New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cent. Anns. 88% s 88%
Long Annuities, Expire Jan. 5, 1860 • • 9 8 15-16
India Bonds, 1,0001. • • .. • • • • • •
Ditto, under 1,0001. • • • • 3 p
South Sea Stock .. • • .• • • •• • •
Ditto, Old Annuities • . .. 85%
Consols tor Opening, July 16 . • .. 88% % %
Exchequer Bills. I%d. 2d.
1,0001. • • .. •• .. • • 24 p
500/. •. .• • • 67p
I)itto, Small • • • • ...• 10 7 p
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent • • • •
Ditto, Small .. • • • • • • • • 84
Granada, 1 per Cent. • • .. • • 20
Portuguese Bends, 5 per Cent. • •
Ditto, Four per Cent .• .• .. 32
Russian Bonds, 5 per Cent .. • • 110
Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent. .. • . 22
Ditto, for the Account .. •• 22
Ditto, Passive Bonds • • • • • • 4%
Ditto, Three per Cent .. • • • • 34
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Belgian Four-and-a-Half per Cent. 93%
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents.
Ditto. 4 per Cent. Certificates .. 90 89%
BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK
RAILWAYS. PAID. PER SHARE.
Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham • • 5 •• • •
.5% to

Eastern Counties • • • • • • • • • • 20 .• • • 19% .... to
Do., Perpetual,s per Ct. No.l, G. 138.4 d % p.. to
Ditto, York Exteavion . • • • • •
_7% •• • • 65.... to

East Lancashire .. • . 17'

.... to—

Ditto. New .. .• •• • • 7% •• .. 6►5g.... to
East Lincolnshire .. •• .. • • 6% •• •• 8 •• .. to
Edinburgh and Glasgow •• •• •• 50 •• •• 69 .... to
Ely and Huntingdon . • • •• • • 15 .... 15%%.• to

Great Northern .. .• • • .. 3% •• • . to
Great Southern and Western (Ireland) 30 .. • •
_22% .... to --

Great Wester n

.. .. .. .. .: 85 —ll4.- .... to 115

Leeds and Bradford .. • . 40 .... 86 to
London, Brighton, and South Coast ••50.. •. 531 A % to
London and Greenwich • . 121. 15s. 4d. •• • • 8% .... to
London and North- Western .• • • ..100 .. —175% .... to 174%
Ditto, Quarters .. .. L. and B. 7 .. • . 22% .... to
London and South-Western 411. 6... 10d. .... to
Ditto, Tenths (Consolidated) .. • • 50 •• .. 53% •• • . to
Lynt, and Dereitam .. • • • • •• 20 • • . 2036.... to
Manchester and Leeds • . • • . 82 .... to
Ditto, Thirds (lies.) • • • • • 71. 45... • dls... to
Midland •• •• •• •• •• .. 100 ..... 118 .... to 119
Ditto, Fifths • • • • .. • • • . 2 .... 39% .. • • to
Ditto, New .. .. • .• • • 6 .. • • 8% •••. to
Ditto, Birmingham and Derby • .100 .. •• 91 .... to 93
Newcastle and Berwick 20 .... 26% • • to 27
Ditto, New . • • • • .. 5 •• • • 6% • • to --
Norfolk .. • • .. • • ..100 . • • .... to
Ditto, Extension • • • • .• .. 10 •• .. 10, .• • • to
North British • • • • • • .. • • 25 ...• 321 A .... to
Ditto, Half Shares • • .. • • 12% 15 .... to
Ditto, Quarters • • • • • • • • • • 3% .... 4% ti.. to
Ditto, Thirds • • • • • • .. • • 1 .... 2% ••to
North Staffordshire
•• • • •. .. 7%...• 9%%.. to
Ditto,
tito W, Sesetrei
Blythe) 2 .... 1% • ... to
No • • 2N, % to
Western
(late
• r
• net
.. •y • • 4
51,4
Oxford, Worcester, & Wolverhampton 22% 13% %.. to
iri
Preston and Wyre • • • • •• • • •• 25 36 „, to
Scottish Central .• •• •• •• •• 17% .... 24%• .. to 24
Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A) .. 3 to
Ditto, ditto (B) • • •• • • 3 2 1,4 to
,iotlth Staffordshire ••• • • • ...... •• • • 2/. Us... % db.. to
iouth Eastern and Dover ..331.25.4d. 36% .... to
iouth Yorkshire. Doncaster, & Goole 2 .• •• to
West Riding Union .. .• .• • •4/.25..... %;,, die.. to
York and Newcastle • • .„ 25 37 •• .. to
Ditto, New • • • • • • • • • • 10 14% .... to
Ditto, Preference • • •4 .. • • 6% •. •• to 7
York and North Midland .. 50 to

Ditto, Preference • • • • • • .. 6 .. •• 14%..., to 15
Ditto East and West RldingExtension 10
.... 20
.... to ---

--
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.
Paris and Lyons
Rouen and Havre " •• - . • • 20 .... 2b% •. • . to
Sambre and Meuse • • • • • • • • 14 .. • • •. • . to
MINES
Real del Monte. Unregistered .. 3U .. • • to

LLOYD'S SHIPPING—(THIS DAY.)
LONDON, JUNE 4.—Wind N.N.E., light breeze, and fine
clear weather.
DEAL, JUNE 3.—Wind N.E., fresh. —Arrd. Elizabeth,
Louise, Jachtnianus, Havannali, and sailed, for Hamburgh ;
St. Ar.ns, Duff, Sierra Leone ; Sandwich, St. Lucia. Sailed
Eleanor Lancaster, Sydney, New South Wales; Samarang,
Calcutta; Mary, Bombay; Rasina, ditto; B. B. Greene,
Mauritius ; Orator, Cape of Good Hope ; Copy, Bathurst;
Forrester, Tobago. The keel of a vessel, of about three
hundred tons, was passed on the 28th ult., off the Lizard, by.
the Eliza, arrived in the Downs.
OFF BRIGHTON, JUNE 2.—Cuba, for Antwerp.
OFF THE OWERS, MAY 31.—Waterlily, Hart, Jamaica.
PORTSMOUTH, JUNE 3.—Wind variable.—Arrd. her Ma-
jesty's ship Vengeance, Halifax.
OFF THE WIGHT.—Ann Welsh, Morgan, New York,
for Antwerp.
OFF THE START, MAY 31.—Enterprise, Cook, West Indies.
PLYMOUTH, JUNE 3.—Wind S.—Off port, Alert, Biggs, St.
Croix, for London.
FALMOUTH, JUNE 3.—Wind variable.—Sid. Narwall, New
York.
OFF THE LIZARD, MAY 27.—Nordpolen, Petersen, Bahia
for Stockholm. 28. Finland, Bowne, Philadelphia, for
Havre. 30. Parthian, Sabrae, St. Croix, for Copenhagen.
LivEur;o4 JUNE 3.—Wind W., light.—Arrd. Nabarito,
Havanna!). Sld. Hannibal, Calcutta; Victoria, ditto; Char-
lotte,Bahia ; Sandford, Demi-rare ; Grecian, St. Tboines's ;
Columbina, New York; Chedabucto, Halifax; John Jardine,
Quebec; Leo, Montreal; Lima, Newfoundland. Off port,
Eliza, Johnston, Paraiba; Sherbroke, Savannah; Falcon
Conic, JUNE I.—Wind S.—Arrd. Rosa, Le Petourel, Mau-
ritius for Bristol. Sid. Brazilian, Porto Rico; Wissacurneon,
Norfolk; Reseanna, Quebec.
MARYPORT, JUNE 3.—Arrd. Cawton, Dunn, Sierra Leone.
OFF CORK, JUNE I.—Eliza Leishman, Mauritius.
LIMERICK, JUNE I.—Wind S.—Sld. Re Davide, New
York ; Caroline and Alice, ditto.
SLIGO, MAY 29.—Arrd. General Taylor, Lebbey, New
Orli.ans. June 2. Sid. Eliza Liddell, Shippegan ; Morns,
Miller, Quebec.
BELFAST.—Acrd. Enchantress, Emnies, New York.
W ARRENPOINT, JUNE 2.—Sld. Francis, New Orleans.
SUNDERLAND —Sld. Ninna, Vaux, Quebec.
CAUTION TO MARINERS.—REGULATIONS IN THE
DARDANELLES.
The master of the steamer Levantine, arrived at
Constantinople, 14th ult., reports having been fired into from
the Castles in the Dardanelles, on attempting the passage
after sunset, and directed to anchor until sunrise.

inquiry. From the Isle of Wight, 445 head came to hand.
Calves, the supply of which was great, sold heavily, at from
2d to 4d per Blbs less money. Pigs were very dull, and the
turn cheaper. Mulch Cows were a slow sale, at from 161 to
201 each, including their small Calf.

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SECON D EDITION.