The Sun.
London, England, 1840-09-05 00:00:00

TUE SUN, LONDON, SA.TURDAY, SEPTENII3ER 5. 1840.

• SUN.—No improvement worthy of the least no-
' tice took place in the Foreign Exchanges this afternoon.
Bills on Paris were taken at 23f. 43c. to 50c., on Ham-
burgh at 13 8:}, on Amsterdam at 12 1.1, and on
Frankfort at 1481.
The English Market partially recovered the depres-
sion which occurred about mid-day, and for which no
other cause existed, we believe, than the payments fall-
ing due on the 4th of the month. Consols left off at
89a for Money, and DO for Account ; Exchequer Bills
at 18s. premium, and the New Three-and-Half per
Cents. at 98i.
As regards the Foreign Market, we cannot notice
the least alteration to-day in point of business done,
which was again very limited. Early in the day prices
had a tendency to improve, but this was subsequently
checked by the state of the English Market. Spanish
Active Bonds realised 24i to 244, and the Passive
Stock 6 ; Portuguese New 5 per Cents. were heavy
again at 34-: to 34 344, and the Three per Cents. at
224. There seems to be a good deal of curiosity in the
City to learn the nature of the Spanish Finance Com-
missioner's visit to this country. Belgian Bonds ranged
from 101 to 1001 ; Colombian were dull at 24 to 244 ;
Dutch Two-and-Half per Cents. receded from 52 to
5 11 to
,1 ; Belgian Bonds are affected by the new loan
to be raised.

The Railway Shares were more in demand, and a
mproved rates.

At Hobart Town, on the 25th April, last, Wheat
was 15s. per bushel, and Flour 42/. to 45/. per ton.
At a highly respectable meeting held at New Norfolk,
on the subject of emigration, some excellent speeches
were made by those present, in the course of which it
was stated, that from January, 1882, to December,
1839, the sum of 129,456/. had been raised by the sale
of Crown lands, out of which only 27,810/. had been
applied to the legitimate purposes it was intended for,
viz., the introduction of labourers from the mother-
country. If rightly employed, there might have been
obtained in that period 5,000 persons, or 800 annually,
at a cost of 20/. each.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

PEOM TIE MORNING PAPERS OP THIS DAY.
(From the Morning Chronicle.)
The cry of war raised by the French Ministry, the
hostile ordonnances and furious denunciations raised by
the press, have produced their natural affects. These
sparks have fallen on the inflammable portion of the
French population, and the public peace is menaced. The
Carlists in the west of France, and the Republicans of
the great towns, have started up at the cry of war, each
exclaiming, •'Our time is come!" The Republicans
seem wiser than they have been hitherto. They do
not proclaim the Republic—the banner they hoist is
Universal Suffrage, and this, too, veiled in the de-
mend that every National Guard shall be an elec-
tor. A dinner of 6,000 republicans, around the
tables of which a thousand workmen gathered, has
been followed by nightly tumults, gatherings, and
by a general strike of most of the workmen in
Paris. Of these, few have any real reason to
complain. Building, perhaps, is the only kind
of work which has been stopped by the rumours of war ;
for we need not say that, in case of war, an entire
' quarter of Paris would have its houses deserted and its
rents reduced to nothing. Masons and their workmen
have hence been flung out of employ, and they form
a very large proportion of the lower orders in Paris.
One may see them in groups, no longer employing
the trowel or the hod, but discussing the eventualities
of war. Of all workmen, those likely to gain most by
late events were the wheelwrights and coarse carpen-
ters, seeing the immense sums allotted to the materiel of
artillery and commissariat. But they, too, have struck,
and deelare they must have better pay, and fewer hours
of work ; and that working by the task shall not be al-
lowed. Their example is followed bya great many trades,
and forced upon several others. Some 3,000 collected
outside Paris, near the quarries, on Wednesday. Two
or three hundred were arrested, and the Prefect of
Police has published an ordonnance against people col-
lecting in groups. He is also about to publish a procla-
mation ; for the effervescence amongst the workmen
was not allayed on Thursday. Three sargens de vile,
who sought to prevent a band of them from entering
an ateii4r in the Avenue Parmeutier, were stabbed with
knives, and one of them mortally wounded. Large bo-
dies of workmen continued to gather during Thursday
at Pantin and in the Clos St. Lazare, Faubourg Pols-
sonnicre ; bat it was hoped that there wculd be no
need of employing the military. The funds fell consider-
ably in consequence. The town of Lyons is, we understand
equally agitated. Several arrests have taken place there of
persons belonging to Republican Societies, and pos-
sessed of the insignia of these Clubs. One of the mea-
sures contemplated by the French Minister was to or-
ganise and mobilise the National Guard throughout the
country. But in several great towns, such us Lyons,
Strasburg, &c., no National Guard exists ; and the
chief citizens of Lyons waited on the Prefect to ac-
quaint him that if the National Guard was re-organised,
they would quit the town. Government dare not arm
the workmen of Lyons, since the first use they would
make of their arms would be to turn them against their
employers end the richer classes. At Strasburg the
same story. In the west, if the rural population be
armed, a number of them would rally to such leaders
as Mons. de Bourmont. In consequence the plan
of re-organizing the National Guard throughout France
will probably be abandoned.
(From the Allorning Hcrald.)
The working of the new Poor-law still continues to
excite the admiration of its supporters. In every quar-
ter, we arc assured that rates are lower than formerly—.
although in every quarter at the same time, rates exhibit
a tendency to rise. We do not, it is true, bear much
about the" higher tone of morality" observable amongst
the working classes. No : there is little to be heard
about increased morality throughout the order of la-
bourers. On the contrary, we may witness on all sides
the spread of habits which denote a fearful diminution
of respect for the established laws of morality. Murders
and suicides have increased to an extent that is abso-
lutely appalling ; while the use of deadly weapons in
rencontres which formerly bed only to a boxing-match
is matter of notoriety to all who take the slightest
interest in changes in the national habits. In re-
gard to murders, the number has recently been ut-
terly without parallel. In regard to suicide, there
seems absolutely to be a fashion in the thing. Do we
charge all these lamentable results exclusively on the
new Poor-law ? Assuredly not ; but we may, at all
events safely deny that the influence of the new Poor-
law can be traced, as it supporters promised that it
would be traced, in the diffusion of an improved tone
of morality. The tendency of the new Poor-law is to
cheapen human life in the estimate of all who regard
life as marketable commodity. The tendency of the
' new Peer-law is to throw on the less fortunate of the
labouring c'-asses, the penalty of suffering without re-
dress, the consequences that flow from all the false ar-
rangements that prevail in society. For the increase of
the crimes to which we have referred, other co-operat-
ing causes may undoubtedly be assigned. There is an
of
ferease ofx
speculationlu iunr y 0 it nsome classes—an increase of habits
h ers
—ani
increase
In conjunction with all these increase of
anxietycommunity—anunpleasant 0 tnol e
nall.a t
there has been manifested a determination on the part of
the middle and upper classes to visit on the labourers the
consequences not of their own follies merely, but of the
follies,:also, of their superiors in station. " The unem-
ployed labourer" is to be rendered by law " leas
com-
fortable than the least comfortable of independent la-
bourers"—not the slightest inquiry being previousl
vouchsafed as to whether the want of employment i
the case of the labourer in question be the result of
vice, or of misfortune ! One of the effects of the new
Poor-law ha; been to widen fearfully the chasm that now
divides the order of labourers from the other orders of

(From the Morning Post.)
The Tory Opposition, so far from meriting the re-
proach of preferring party purposes to Conservative
principles, have not unfrequently been thought liable
to that of foregoing fair and legitimate party purposes
when their zealous prosecution would have been per-
fectly compatible with Conservative principles, and con-
ducive indeed to the solid and permanent welfare of the
country. Has the foreign policy of Lord Palmerston,
in all its parts, been so unimpeachable that an Oppo-
sition, numbering three hundred and twenty, in the
House of Commons, and constituting an overwhelming
majority ta! the House of Lods, could not have foual oe•
casions in which it might have been excusable, perhaps
even praiseworthy, to embarrass and obstruct the march
of the Administration ? Has Lord Palmerston ex-
perienced any such obstruction and embarrassment
from the too eager promotion of party purposes by
his political opponents ? We will go further. Was
there ever a Tory Minister at the head of the Foreign
Department of the British Governmeat who had the
same reason to rejoice in the patriotic forbearance of'
his adversaries ? Is the Chancellor of the Exchequer
not aware that when he brought forward his budget of
the present year be placed himself completely at the
mercy of the Tory Opposition, who, had they been
eager for the promotion of party purposes, might on
that occasion, with no discredit to themselves, and
great discredit to the expelled Administration, have
driven him and his colleagues from office ? The intima-
tion that there are diversities of opinion among the Con-
servatives of Great Britain is one in which the Ministe-
rial party take peculiar delight. Yet it seems scarcely
worth all the pains they take to diffuse it. The assertion
is not false, it is only foolish. There is just so much of di-
versity of opinion among the Conservative party as may
naturally be expected to arise from the inequalities of
understanding and varieties of temperament that always
exist in very numerous bodies. When those diversi-
ties are mentioned to us, our constant reply is that the
Conservative party in Parliament—in the two Houses
of Parliament—is far more numerous than the Minis-
terial, and has a right, therefore, to greater diversities
of opinion ; but that it leaves, nevertheless, the undis-
puted pre-eminence in this respect to the Ministerial
minority. From the greatest leader to the humblest

had been no failure of any account. In fact however it • society. Tee labouring classes have accustomed them.
may be observed that but little can be decisively known selves to think that the wealth which their toil creates,
on thin head in respect of the whole settlement, both in is used only as an instrument for oppressing them.
Ihome and foreign stocks and shares, until pay day ar- Hence the desire which is manifested by large bodies of
rives, which is fixed for the sth inst. (this day). Not- labourers, to make war en the institution of property.
withstanding the destructive fall of about 9 per cent. ! Lamentable as is the existence of such a state of feeling
in the home funds and the continuous heavy flue- on the part of any portion of the community, it may
tuations during the account now closed, it may I scarcely be denied that the anti-property doctrines now
be remarked in proof of the solid standing of the board, afloat are the natural offspring of the anti-population
or privileged company of brokers, known as ageiis doctrines which have been fashionable for forty years
de change, amounting in cumber to 60, that not past. Thus it is that error on one side tends to gene-
one defaulter had appeared, and only in a sicgle instance rate error on the other ! Amongst the errors of the
had one broker applied for assistance to the Syndicate rich, few have been more mischievous than the great
to enable him to make up his differences to the extent of error of the New Poor-law
20,000/., which it was supposed would be advanced to l (From the Times.)
him on the security of what is called his " charge," or It is now some two or three weeks since we
patent as a privileged broker, generally reported to be called the public attention to the capital fault corn-
worth double the amount for sale. In this case his mitted by the people who profess to " carry on the
difficulties probably arose from being deserted by some Government" of Great Britain, in bringing us to the very
of his principals. verge of a war with two or three great maritime powers,
A report is given in the Paris Papers of the usual and yet leaving our own coasts, purports and rivers, with-
periodical meeting of the Tribunal of Commerce for out even a decent show of naval defence. We pointed out
the installation of new judges and supplementary that our nearest and most irascible neighbour, with whom
judges. On this occasion M. Pepin Leballeur ad- a casual shot, like a spark in a magazine, might instep-
dressed a discourse to the audience, comprising a taneously plunge us into actual hostilities, was making
summary of the labours of the tribunal during the those natural and energetic preparations which the
past year, which in one respect may he termed an exigency so plainly called for, and declared her determi-
apercu of the condition of French commerce during nation to have a powerful fleet afloat within twelve hours'
the past year, so far as the litigation of commercial sail of our coast, in the course of a very short period.
causes and extent of bankruptcy. Thus, of commercial Meanwhile, it was deplorably obvious to sill the enemies
suits he stated the number of citations to have been of Great Britain, wherever they might be found, that
41,331, of which 32,780 were judged by default ; any such hostile armament approaching our shores, from
£1,28:3 were decided absolutely or by conciliation ; some whatever quarter, would find them, so far as our navy
remained for decision, and the remainder were with- was concerned, almost entirely unprotected. These
drawn or erased from the list. In comparison with the remarks could not pass unnoticed. The sudden wrath
year preceding the reduction in the number of these enkindled throughout the whole Ministerial press evinced
citations was equal to one-fifteenth. Amongst those of
the consciousness which all manifestly felt, that their mas-
ters were assailed in a vulnerable and adangerous point.
portion in which the pleadings were of much greater
absolute reference, however, there were a larger pro-
Every dock-yard letter, for these three weeks past, has
length, and the nature of which required them to be been filled with accounts of the stir and bustle now pre-
sent for hearing before a higher judicial grade. In the veiling. And yet, if the replies given to our complaints
h
course of the year the number of failures declared at had been genuine and true, all this commotion must be
the tribunal was 843, which was about one-tenth below wholly unnecessary. We fear, however, that it is
that of the year before. These failures consisted grin- worse than unnecessary ; that it is dishonest, and in-
cipally of small dealers in provisions, colonial products tended to delude. It strikes us as fussy, clamourous,
and objects of dress and fancy, as well as of the greater but not business-like. A clatter was made the other
number of those establishments, where a " ridiculous day about the extraordinary celerity with which the
luxury and gaudy gilding are the principal elements of Howe, at Sheerness, was taken into dock, overhauled,
credit. her bottom examined, and all declared fit for sea in the
"
space of some six or eight hours. This is mighty well ;
. but the main want of the Howe, as well as of the other
guardships, is an addition of seven hundred able-
' bodied men to her crew. In her present state she is a
great transport-ship, and nothing else, her three hun-
dred men being barely sufficient to bend her sails and
raise her anchor ; if, inieed, they are equal to that.
One of our most serious and most obvious deficiencies
at the present instant is that of men. The Admiralty
scribe told us, we remember, about three weeks since,
that this was the weak point in the navy of France ; and
here the secret of our certain superiority. This is very
pleasant and very excellent in thony, but how stands
the matter in fact y In the Mediterranean—the most
probable scene of the breaking out of hostilities—the
French rather outnumber us in ships. And here, as
the discrepancy is not great, the Admiralty scribe
pauses. He forgets to remark, that the French ships
are larger, and of heavier metal ; and again, he forgets
that none of our ships are fully manned ; while the French
fleet is crowded with men! And exactly similaris our case
at home. Ships fit to send to sea we have few enough ;
but such as we have are almost useless for want of hands !
Again, then, we demand attention to this subject.
We talk not of the deliberate intentions of either of
the Governments ; we suppose not for an instant that
either Louis Philippe or Lord Palmerston is insane
enough to intend to go to war. But meanwhile we are
drifting onwards no man can tell whither. A few
weeks more may see the first gun fired in this Syrian
contest, of which the year 1830 may not see the last.
One hot-beaded coxcomb on either side may bring
about in an hour a collision, the feelings aroused by
which may be too ungovernable for statesmen to con-
trol. All this risk is before us : and in the midst of all,
and in sight of all (for these dangers are too obvious to
escape the view of any politician), we still go on, with-
out a Channel squadron—without, in fact, even half a
dozen guardships properly manned and prepared for
action ! The perils in question, the reality of which no
one can deny, nzay never approach nearer than at the
present moment. Divine Providence ?nay, in its mercy,
avert the actual visitation. But should this not be the
case, and should an enemy come upon us, after all these
warnings from various quarters, and find us unprepared,
one thing at least is certain—that the just indignation
of a betrayed nation will not lightly overlook the guilt
of those who undertook the care of such mighty in-
terests, and then deserted them.
(From the Morning Advertiser.)
For some months past, we have, day after day, been
zealously engaged in lending a helping hand to our
brethren in Scotland, in the noble efforts they are now
making for the extinction of patronage in the northern
Establishment—at the same time taking the necessary
precaution against being thereby understood as having
abated one iota in the hostility we have alwaya felt,
and always expressed, towards the principle of religious
establishments. A Society has recently been esta-
blished in London, under the title of the " Evangelical
Voluntary Church Association," which has for its ob.
ject to carry out the great principles, for the triumph of
which we have so strenuously and perseveringly laboured
for some years past. Though we see no reason, but the
contrary, why Christians should not entertain political
principles, and on all convenient occasions assert those
principles in a bold and fearless, though temperate manner,
we do think that in any and every great movement of a
spiritual nature, it is wise and fitting that there should
be as little of politics mixed up with it as possible. We
like to see religious enterprises undertaken and carried
on, whenever practicable, in a purely religious spirit.
We like to see all associations contemplating, as their
special object, the promotion of man's immortal inte-
rests, established on so broad, so liberal, so Catholic a
basis, as that all evangelical Christians, no matter how
diversified their denominational or political opinions,
may be able, without any compromise of principle, to
extend to them their most cordial support. Such
is the character of the " Evangelical Voluntary
Church Association." It has been formed with
the view, and for the purpose, according to the
phraseology employed by its founders, "of dissemi-
nating the great principle of the voluntary support of
the Christian religion ;" or to adopt the language
cf one of its advocates, " the power of the religion of
Christ to maintain and propagate itself by the spirit it
enkindles in the minds of those who embrace it ; and
the obligation it lays upon them to advance its interests
apart from civil aid or force." The Evangelical Volun-
tary Church Association, if we may be permitted to
offer another or supplemental definition of the prin-
ciples on which it is based, proposes recurring to the
mode in which Christianity was origivally propagated in
the world, namely, by a simple, faithful, and zealous in-
culcation, by preaching and otherwise, of the great
doctrines of the Cross, repudiating the right of the
State, or of wordly associations of any kind, in any way
to interfere with its operations, and trusting solely for
the success of its labours to the special approbation
and blessing of Him whose cause it seeks to promote.
Here, then, is common ground, on which all who,
like ourselves, are alive to the enormous evils of reli-
gious establishments, may meet together, and co-ope-
rate with each other, whatever may he their denomi-
national differences, with the must perfect cordiality.
The Evangeleal 'Voluntary Church Association, then,
offers a rallying point to all the friends of the Gospel,
as that Gospel is unfolded in the Scriptures, untainted
with the impurities inseparable on its connexion with the
civil power, or with secular interests of any kind. And
we would put the question with all earnestness, though
with all mildness, to those who have felt the power of
evangelical truth on their minds, whether they can jus-
tify themselves to their own consciences in keeping
aloof from a Society to which it is not only impossible
to offer any objection, but which must command their
cordial approbation.

follower of the Conservative party we may boldly say
there cannot be found two individuals between whom
so great a diversity of opinion prevails, upon questions
of national importance, as exists and is distinctly and
even ostentatiously avowed between men who equally
claim to be leaders of the Ministerial mrce, and who,
in Met, direct its movements alternately, men who
cleave together merely for the sake of enjoyine their
successive turns of dominion and patronage, and who
scarcely take the trouble of concealing how entirely they
hate and despise each other.
NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

(From the Plymoutli Journal.)
PLYMOUTH, SEPT. 3.—The Netley tender arrived
on Thursday last from Liverpool.
The Inconstant sailed on Friday with troops fo: G.b-
raltar.

The Mutine packet arrived on Saturday from Fal-
mouth, and sailed again for Chatham to ha paid off.
The Cockatrice, schooner, sailed on Saturday for
Chatham to be paid off.

---
The Apollo troop ship, sailed on Saturday for Cork
to embark the 38th regiment for Corfu.
The Falmouth lighter arrived on Monday with stores
from Portsmouth.
The Lord Lynedoeb, convict ship, arrived on Monday
from Portsmouth.

The Comet, steamer, arrived on Monday from the
north coast of Spain, with marines.
The Firebrand, steamer, arrived on Tuesday with
the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, from
Portsmouth.
The Camel, lighter, arrived yesterday from Liver-
pool and Holyhead with old stores.
Remaining in Hamoaze—lmpregnable, San Josef,
Calcutta, Firebrand, Sylph, Netley, Comet, Carron,
and Falmouth.
In the Sound—Rodney.

LAUNCH OF A FIRST-RATE.

On Thursday last a larger concourse of spectators had
assembled than, perhaps, had ever been witnessed on a
similar occasion, within eyeshot at this important event
at the Dock-yard. Every endeavour was made to satisfy
the cointnendable eagerness of the public to behold the
majestic spectacle, every attention was paid to their
convenience, for which they were chiefly iudebted to
Admiral Warren. An attempt to state their number
would be vain. They swarmed from every part of the
towns—from the neighbouring country—boats were
filled with company from all directions, most from
Mount Edgecumbe, whence the visitors to the Bazaar
on the second day were hastening to the scene. The
San Josef, splendid in the array of many coloured
flags, had quitted her moorings, with a brilliant assem-
bly of 3,000 persons on her deck, all of whom appeared
highly gratified with the kind attention of Captain
Taylor. Other ships were there with the same good
will, including the Impregnable, and a variety of plea.
sure boats and vessels of all descriptions. Young and
lovely faces glowed with the excitement of the moment,
making them more lovely than ever ; and even their
elders seemed tf-y strike off a score of years for the occa-
sion. So joyous was the sight, that we much doubted
if it could be surpassed by the launch itself.
At half.past five, when every impediment was re-
moved, and every eve intent on one point, the grand
St. George moved like a thing beyond the power of
man to execute, and in stately grace, took possession of
her triumphant seas, amidst the cheers of the multi-
tude, with Rule Britannia, striking on our ears.
Scarcely was this effected when her enormous bulk was
unexpectedly made evident at the first glance of the
large space she had concealed.
_ _

_ .
Much might be said of the fashion, the elegance, the
rank of the company present. But begging pardon of
their attractions on this occasion, they ssere eclipsed by
the sublime. First, by the launch itself ; secondly, by
the sight of so many fellow beings, gentle and simple,
all attired in their best, and all, for the time, at least,
happy!

'l.lle St. George takes her place among first-rates of
the first-class. She mounts 120 guns, and will have a
complement of 820 men. Her dimensions are as fol-
lows :----

ft. in.
Extreme length from figure-head to taffrail 247 0
Breadth extreme
, Length on the gun-deck 250 11
Ditto of keel for tonnage l7O 5
Height aft, from taffrail to keel
Ditto afore, from figure-head to keel 5B 0
Length of lower deck
Breadth for tonnage 54 9
----- moulded
.53 11
Depth of hold
Burthen in tons, old measurement ".719-17-94
Ditto, new measurement 2670
Length of fore- mast
Diameter of ditto 0 40
Length of main-mast
Diameter of ditto 0 42
Length of mizen-mast . B6 0
Diameter of ditto 0 26
Length of bowsprit
Diameter of ditto 0 40
FOkCE ANT) CALIBRE.
Lower deck—Four guns to throw 8-inch shells, and two
33-pounders.
Middle deck—Two guns to throw 8-inch shells, and three
32. pounders.
tipper deck—Thirty-four 32-pounders.
Quarter-deck and forecastle —Six long 32-pounders : one
321 b. earronade.
"To build a ship of the magnitude of the St.
George will require nearly 6,000 loads of timber, and
allowing that each tree will, on an average, produce
two loads, it would take about :3,000 trees to furnish
timber enough for such a ship. Now it has been esti-
mated that 30 trees of full growth would cover an acre
of ground ; consequently it will take 100 acres to pro-
duce sufficient timber for a ship of this class ; and, as
timber of large scantling is from 80 to 100 yours
coming to its full growth, the quantity of land required
for Navy timber, in this country, must be immense.
This is a serious question, it being well known
that there was an alarming scarcity of oak in this
country in the time of war. Foreign timber is, there-
fore, introduced very extersively in ship-building.
" The cost of building a similar ship to the St. George,
has been computed as follows :

For labour alone
Materials

Total cost £93,521
" This will give 34/. 7s. 10d. per ton for building.
The value of labour appears to be very nearly one-sixth
of the whole ; and the value of workmanship, to ma-
terials about in the ratio of one to five. At the above
rate of earnings, which allow about 51. 15s. per ton for
workmanship, it would take 200 men twelve months to
build the ship.
" It will scarcely be credited, pethaps, that the average
durability of British men-of-war-has been estimated to
be only thirteen years ! This we believe to be correct ;
so that the annual expense of keeping our fleets in effi-
cient condition may be said to amount to one-thirteenth
part of the original cost of the whole. This is an im-
portant and striking fact.
" The St. George was first ordered to be built in
September, 1820 ; but it was not until the Spring of
1827 that hor keel was laid. In the course of the
following year she was in frame, and was then left
standing to season till 1832, when she was proceeded
with by degrees as the other works of the yard would
admit.

" Having been ordered to be built at a time when
e late Sir Robert Seppings (then Surveyor of the
Navy), was introducing extensive improvements in the
practical department of ship-building, she was originally
intended to be constructed throughout in strict con-
formity with his plans ; but the alterations which have
since taken place—more in detail, perhaps, than in
principle—have led to corresponding changes in
the works of the St. George. Hence it will
be found that Sir Robert Sepping's plans are
adopted in many cases i❑ a modified form.
The original system of "oblique riders" and " trusses,"
for example, has not been introduced in the same man-
ner, nor so extensively, in the hold, as originally in-
tended ; nevertheless, the diagonal principle has been
maintained to a great extent in that part of the interior
of the vessel. Diagonal decks have been altogether
abolished ; but the shelf-pieces have been retained, and
the truss-pieces between the ports on the gun and the
middle decks strictly preserved. The stern has under-
gone the greatest change—a change for which the
country is indebted to Mr. Roberts, the late master-
shipwright of this dock-yard, who suggested a plan for
constructing sterns, at once elegant and effective.
" The quarter galleries' are not exactly as they were
designed by Mr. Roberts, but have been lengthened a
little in a fore and aft direction, and thereby improved,
at the suggestion of Mr. Hawkes, the present master-
shipwright, under whose able directions the ship has
been finished.
" The figure-h'•ad is a full length representation of
St. George and the Dragon, but he is not a cheval but
standing with his left foot on, and is slaying the
Dragon. The dimensions of the figure measured in a
vertical direction, arc fourteen feet. and upwards of
twenty feet if measured obliquely. It consumed about
200 cubic feet, (or four loads,) of fir timber (Quebec
yellow pine), and cost, in addition to labour of rough-
ing it out,' one hundred pounds for the carving alone.
It was designed and executed by Mr. Frederic Dicker-
son, of Plymouth, whose talent in this interesting depart-
ment of the arts, has procured for him a general order
from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, to
execute all the carved work required for men-of-war at
this dock-yard.
" The St. George being of the same size and form as
the Caledonia, the calculations which apply to the latter
may be regarded as applicable to the former. The dif-
ference, if any, is unimportant. She draws 15ft. lin.
forward, 181 t. 4in. abaft.
" The light displacement, or weight of the ship's hull
estimated from this draft of water, will be 2,400 tons ;
the area of the corresponding water-section (or plane
of flotation) will he 8,440 feet ; and the weight re-
quired to sink the vessel an inch, under those condi-
tions, will be 20 tons. But, before the ship goes to sea,
she will have to receive on board her armament, powder
and shot, masts, yards, sails, rigging, anchors, cables,

boats, wa-cr, stores, provisions, ballast, men, and their
effects. These, it is calculated, will immerse her until
she draws 24ft. Sin. forward, and 261 t. 1 in. abaft. In
this case, the weight of the ship and its contents will be
4,784 tons, making an addition of 2,384 tons beyond the
weight of the hull alone. And it is a curious circum-
stance, that the weight of the ship should be nearly
equal to the weight of its content, and equipment! The
area of the load-water section, or plane of flotation, when
equipped for sea, will be 10,012 superficial feet ; and the
weight required to sink the vessel one inch, will under
these circumstances be nearly 24 tons. These are useful
facts, because they show what weights should be taken
on board to produce a certain immersion, or the weight
which it may be necessary to take out of the ship to
lighten her to any desired draft of water.
" As soon as convenient, after the vessel is launched,
she will be taken into dock for the purpose of removing
the fixed fitments of the launch, and to be coppered. A
first• rate will take 4,000 sheets of copper (4 feet long,
and 14 inches broad) the weight of which is about 20
tons, and the value, including workmanship, something
more than 2,000/.

" The quantity of sail capable of being spread upon
spars of the dimensions in the table, is very great. It
has been calculated to be 25,620 superficial feet The
surface of sail set upon the main-mast alone has been
estimated to be 10,273 superficial feet ; and sails on the
fore-mast, including the jib, 10,246 superficial feet ;
and those on the mizen•mast, 5,101 superficial feet. By
this it appears that the sail set up on the fore-mast, in-
cluding the jib, expose, as nearly as possible, as great
an area to the action of the wind as those on the main-
mast ; and that of those belonging to the main-mast are
equal in area, or nearly, to one-fifth of the whole sur-
face of sail.

" The ballast which a ship of this description will
take to sea, amounts to above 800 tons. She will be
launched with 50 tons in her hold, and if she be placed