The Sun.
London, England, 1847-08-14 00:00:00

iflt

i e. SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 14, 1847.

weathercock, the article we are alluding to is, in a
proportionate degree, worthy of consideration.
Whatever may be the distribution of the three
classes—Liberal., Peelites, and Protectionists—over
the benches of St. Stephen's, it is already quite
manifest that the latter will be incapable of
interfering with the measures of the Govern-
ment in any more important manner than
that of prolonging the discussions and giving
vent to their ignoble feelings of spleen. Day
after day the relative strength of the three classes
just mentioned is published in our columns, and day
after day the numerical and intellectual strength of
the Liberals becomes more manifest. About six
hundred out of the six hundred and fifty-eight
Members entitled to sit in the House of Commons,
have been already elected by those possessed of the
franchise in England, Ireland, Wales, and Scotland ;
and out of those there are no less than three hun-
dred and seven avowed Liberals. Coupling these
with the free-trade followers of' Sir ROBERT PEEL
it is obvious that the Protectionists are in a dep'or-
able minority, and that the cause of the people is in
no very alarming degree endangered.
Much reason, however, as we have for exultation
in the gradual removal of obstructions from the path-
way of constitutional reform, there is yet greater,
reason for our evincing moderation and unanimity—
moderation in the calmness with which the next
session shall be opened, and unanimity in the
support afforded to the generous endeavours
of the present Administration. So essential are
these qualities just now, that the measures
which are most requisite for the national wel-
fare cannot by possibility be carried triumphantly
through the Houses of Legislation without them.
Some would be overlooked in the enthusiasm of the
moment, were not that enthusiasm tempered by mode-
ration ; others, again, would be in peril of rejection,
were not the sup,-)orters of those measures unanimous
in opinion and untiring in attendance. The elections
are, in fact, merely the conscription of the forces
and the equipment of the conscripts ; the session will
be the campaign, and in that campaign good general-
ship and effective manoeuvring will be necessary for
the attainment of victory. Courage, then, soldiers of
the nation ! and champions of constitutional reform !
Courage, and your success is even now assured.
Yourselves, led by a Liberal Prime Minister, and
that Prime Minister clad in the armour of popularity,
you must prove in the end invincible.

A letter appears this day in our columns from Dr*
GEORGE MOBERLEY, He,.d Master of Winchester
School, in which that Learned Gentleman attempts
to show that the severe and dangerous illness of the
young gentleman, referred to in the letter signed
" HusrANITAs," which some time since appeared in
The Sun, was nct wholly ascribable to the system of
fagging, and in which also he not merely justifies,
but in the highest degree eulogises that practice•
We generally find that a defence of a bad case ex-
poses its weakness, and exhibits its defects in a
stronger point of view, thar the attack to which it
is intended as an answer. In this respect, the Rev.
Gentleman's epistle forms no exception to the general
rule; indeed, it more than confirms everything stated
by HumANITAs. It admits that " the boy was sent
to watch out at cricket for some of the pre-
fects," or senior boys, who possess the privilege
of compelling their junior fellow-students to
discharge the most degrark d menial offices, to
become the abject slaves of their taskmasters; but
adds, " that at the end of two hours he was at
liberty to leave off, according to a rule laid down
some years ago by the present warden, and, as far as
I know, always most punctually and cheerfully
obeyed. The day being one on which the usual
arrangements of time were broken up on account
of preparation fur the holidays, other prefects came
to play, and the game was continued. The boy in
question was well pleaed to go on watching out
without claiming his exemption, and did so much
longer than was good fur him, and the result is,
that he is very ill—not, as the surgeon assures me,
dangerously, at present, but still very ill." Here,
then, we have the circumstances at once deducible
from the admissions of the Reverend Gentleman.

We find that the fag, obliged by the
regu'ations of the school to attend the behests
of the juvenile despot to whose tender mercies
he is consigned, no matter what his own pursuits or
desires may be, he must forego them all. lie is com-
pelled to relinquish his recreations during the brief

space allotted for them ; nay, he cannot devote

:he time to preparation for the ensuing school hours,
however deficient he may be in the tasks in which
he is expected by the master to be perfect. Ile must
give up every thing to watch out fur the prefects at
cricket, or to discharge any other duty they, or
rather his p"culiar tyrant, may choose to dictate.
But he is at liberty, forsooth, at the end of two
hours, to leave off, a rule which, as far as the beau
nrister knows, has been most cheerfully and punc-
tually obeyed. Why, what a mockery is this. What
boy is there who, so long as the system is sanctioned
and tolerated by the school authorities—so long as
his master is authorised to punish and tyrannise over
him, to deprive him of every comfort, and make his
life itself a burden to him, would dare to complain of
any breach of the regulations, or refuse to
remain as lung as his attendance was required without
claiming his exemption ? Should he even venture to
do so, and to report to the masters the violation by
the prefects of that rule, in what manner would his
complaint be received, and what future protection
would be afforded to him against the vengeance to
which he would he exposed for his audacity ? The
master would most assuredly be the very last person
to hear anything of such a transaction, aed h- may
ery truly say that, so fur as he knows, the rule is
cheerfully obeyed, when the very contrary may be
notorious to every pupil in the school. The outwork
at cricket, without any admission to the bat or the
more agreeable portions of the game, is not so very
fascinating a sport that a boy would voluntarily con-
tinue at it for several hours on a broiling day in the
month of July, until he actually fainted on the
ground, unless some strong method of persuasion
was used to induce him ; the result, in the words
of Dr. MOBERLEY, is, that he is very ill,
although not dangerously so at present—that is, at
the end of five weeks from thu attack ;—in the words
of llustasirras, he has for that period " lain in a
state of lifeless insensibility, and remains at this
moment unfit to be removed, a most miserable picture
of human suffering."
\Vhichever of these statements may be the most
correct, either is amply sufficient to startle the
parents of every lad sent to a public school where the
atrocious practice is still maintained. They will ask
themselves, is it for such objects that they have parted
from their child, that they have undeitaken heavy
expenses on his account? Is it that he may become
the dutiful and obedient servant of a schooUy
that he may do the out-work at cricket, clean
shoes, run messages, and discharge all the
menial offices required by his senior ?—offices
Under which the manly vigour and brilliant
intellect of PERCY I3YSCIIE SHELLEY had almost suc-
cumbed, and the recollections whereof excited his
horror and indignation at every subsequent period
of his life. Is a course of slavery in the first in-
stance, succeeded by the most despotic power, the
only way by which the character of our English
youth can be formed and prepared for future
success?

Dr. MORERLEY aiserts that " where a large number
of bo;:s are assembled together there is a great
danger, indeed, a certain prospect, that strength
will often overrule and tyrannise over weakness."
This is undoubtedly the truth—it is the tendency
of human nature, against which the most stringent
laws are required in every station and position ;
there is no doubt that if left wholly to
themselves a fwartul amount of cruelty, wan-
tonness, and suffering is sure to take place;
Lilt we join issue at once with the Rev. Gen-
tlemen in hii conclusion that the system of fagging
is the only way in which it can be checked, or that
it furnishes the noblest method of forming the cha-
racters of those who exercise it, and those who live
under it. As well might he assert that modern laws'
should be set aside, and that we should return to the
patron and client syostberigeodf
taoncbi:cnotitniemtehse, when the
middle classes were
foprattrhiceiaplatemcitioliel yield
dthdei.r ITmilleepelnrtilregnicneiainn
return
of
someplanter
eis izt
makingbetter maethodruszoif
formingmaayeaharssearott that tthtanhere

first a slave, and afterwards the - owner
of slaves, and the argument of Dr. Difoßlown--
may prove convincing to such an auditory,
but it will scarcely carry much weight with it to a
body of free-born Englishmen. We trust that a
speedy inquiry may take place into the entire sys-
tem. Winchester, as well as other public schools,
derives a large revenue from endowments; and the
manner in which they are expended, and whether or
not the practices there sanctioned are conducive to
the public benefit, form a legitimate subject for the
notice of the Legislature. Much more attention has
of late years been paid to education than was
formerly the case, and recognised abuses will be
no longer tolerated. It is not for the children of
the middle or humbler classes that protection is
required, but we demand it on behalf of the wealthy
and highborn, the offspring of the magnates of the
land.

The Central Committee of the Swiss Popular As-
sociation has just published the following manifesto,
addressed to " the sovereign people of Switzerland,"
as a reply to the calumnies of which it says it is the
object, and a s an exposition of the end it seeks to
attain, and of the means which it intends to em-
ploy :

" On the 10th of July last the Bernese section of the
Popular Association invited all good citizens to unite
themselves to defend the dearest interests of the country.
This appeal was heard! The meeting which took place
at Berne on the 27th July furnished au irrefragble proof
of it. The cantons of Geneva, Vaud, Valais, Bale-
Campagne, Argovia, and Berne, were there represented
by about five hundred citizens, who founded the Swiss
Popular Association in the western parts of the Con-
federation. Thus is realised that national ides, the
object of the ardent wishes of so many patriots! The
Swiss Popular Association declares itself by this act for-
mally and definitively constituted. But, to dissipate the
alarms which the common enemy perfidiously endeavours
to Tread by misrepresenting our intentions, and to
paralyse ulterior efforts, we declare positively, before God
and the dear country, that we will never quit the path of
right, and that we energetically reject all malevolent and
false accusations directed against our institution. On the
other hand, we declare that we are deciders to employ all
legal means which may tend to free the country for ever
from its most dangerous enemies, .the Jesuits and the
Sonderbund, and to throw off the yoke of the pact of
1815. Such is tt e object of the association. We give,
besides, the formal assurance to our Catholic brethren
that we have no intention to injure their faith; on the
contrary, we affirm, on our honour and our name of
Swiss, that our only object is to combat the enemy of all
confessions and religion'—the Jesuits! Swiss, who
sympa.hise with us, and who are impatient to see the
country freed from the bonds which, paralysing our in-
tellectual and material develeptuent, prevent us from
becoming a Switzerland united and grand, capable of re•
siAing the foreigner, unite yourselves to us, and let us
take the oath to•have neither rest nor truce until the
Helvetic soil shall be purged of all the elements which
stain it. Then our fathers of the Grutli will rejoice at
the patriotic spirit which animates their descendants!
Come to us, Swis- citizens, animated by a firm and
en, rge tic determination ro defend our rights and liber
ties, and let to tie the knot of an indissoluble union!
Salutation and fraternity !"

The Poles, THEOPIHLUS WISNIOWSKI and JOSEPH
KAPUSCZINSXI were executed on the 31st of July, at
Lemberg. The execution was looked on as a mar-
tyrds.m. On the scaffuld the victims urged the
people to persevere for the liberation of Poland.
Crowns of flowers were showered upon them as they
proceeded to their death. It was a triumph rather
than an execution.

The Prussian State Gazette publishes a notice by
the KING of the proceedings of the Diet, in which his
MAJESTY promulgates his royal will for giving the
force of law to the decisions respecting the Jews and
other matters approved of by that body, and expresses
his intention of modifying for a future Diet some of
the propositions which were objected to by the late
assembly. With reference to the refusal to authorise
a loan for the construction of the railroads of the
east, his MAJESTY states that he cannot promise that
he will submit a new proposition to a future Diet,
but he reserves to himself to ordain, according to
time and circumstances, whatever may be necessary
for continuing the construction of the line ; alway 3,
however, taking into consideration the opinions ex-
pressed by the Diet, and the resources of the State,
so as to be able to give aid for the construction of
other important lines. The language of the KING i.
throughout the whole document firm, but at the same
time moderate, and betrays nothing like irritation
against the Diet, although there are expressions of
regret at the rejection of some of the measures
which were submitted to it.
A letter from Vienna of the 3d states that the new
laws relative to the press which the Germanic Diet
is about to adopt, will borrow their principal dispo-
sitions from those of Denmark. In that country
there is no censorship, but the Government has the
right to seize the whole edition of any number of a
journal. The editor may consent to the seizure, or
demand to be brought before the tribunals, which
will either declare the seizure good or void, and if
good will inflict the penalty awarded in the law for
the publication of the offensive article. Among the
penalties which the law inflicts on responsible editors
of newspapers is the interdiction for a certain number
of years, or even for life, of the privilege of publish-
ing anything without previously submitting it to the
censorship.

Letters from Rome, of the 2d instant, state that
Monsignor MoaicaiN is appointed Finance Mi-
nister, and Cardinal ANTONELLI, the former Finance
Minister, has been sent as legate to Forli.

Madrid papers of the 7th instant, have arrived.

A forged proclamation, issued in the name of the
KING, and urging the nati.•n to upset the Govern-
ment, has been seized by the authorities. The KING
denies all knowledge of it.
It w;:s forwarded to his MAJESTY at the Prado.
with a request that he would affix his name to it. The
KING immediately forwarded the parcel to the Mi-
nister of the Interior.

It is said that PACHECO BAUAMUNDE and PASTOR
Dias are about to retire from the Cabinet, which
will be remodelled by SALIMANANCA. General
CONCHA, the Marquis of MIRATLORES, and General
SERRANO bill, it is said, have seats in the new
Cabinet.

It is said that SALAMANCA not being able to raise
the loan of 100,000,000 of reals in Spain, has sent an
agent to Paris to endeavour to raise the money among
the French capitalists.

A royal decree has been issued, permitting the
exportation of grain from Spain.

MADRID BOLSA, AUG. 7.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 26; for cash; the Five per Cents. at
17i ; and the Coupons at 15.

The Paris journals of Thursday hare been received.

From a correspondence published in the Moniteur
Parisien, it appears that the Bishop of Sr. BittEux,
who from his conduct must be, we should imagine,
tl-e Ptitm.rox's of France, has managed to get into
a squabble with the civil authorities, which promises
to afford matter fur amusement to the quid ounce
during the recess of the Chambers. It appears that
in consequence of a difference between the diocesan
authorities and the directors of the College of St.
Brieuc, the Bishop demanded the immediate dismissal
of three tunctionaries of the College, viz., the Prin.
hnis notice,he
would
in
cipal, Sub Principal, and Chaplain. A refusal having
been given, the Bishop declared that if his demand
snot complied with in threeterdie t
oftle weeksi from
Chaplainfromthe day
the exercise of his religious functions. This threat
having failed, the Bishop, at the expiration of the
day allowed, passed the order of interdiction. The
Minister of Public Instruction, the Prefect of the
Department, the Municipal Council of St. Brieuc,
and the directors and committee of the College, have
all protested, but in vain, against this decision cf the
Bishop, and the affair is now in the hands of the
Minister of Justice and Public Worship, who win
it is supposed, bring it before the Council of State.,
This demand on the part of the Bishop for the
dismis.,al of three of the officials of a college over
which he had no control, is one of the coolest pieces
of impertinent medding that we have ever met with
Six years ago such an attempt would never have been
made, but the support given by M. Gutzon to the Je-
suits in Switzerland has emboldened the Parti Pretre
in France, who imagine that they will obtain from
M. Guizor and Louts PanurrE that power which
even POLIGNAC and CHARLII X. dared notgrant them.
It would be well, however, that M. Guaor should
awaken to the signs of the times. The spirit of li
berty in France is not so deed as he would desire;
witness the reform banquet at Colmar, of which the
following account appears in the National:—
"
11t. 1
tossee, First President of the Royal Court of
Coltntsr, accepted an invitation to preside on the coca-
gicia• Tho rrvico; together with gat FripPlPlll fun"

tionaries of the department, in vain endeavoured to pre-
vail on him to refuse to assist at a demonstration
organized by the Oppo.ition.
•• M. Roisee considered that the moment had arrived

to give the Government a salutary warning, and in this
point of view the participation of the head of the Alsa-
tian magistracy in this civic solemnity was hailed with
joy by his fellow-citizens M. Ensile Dolphus, Mayor of
Mulhausey, and Deputy for the Upper Rhine, likewise
accented an invitation to attend, but unexpected circum.
stances, which occurred on the eve of the festivity, pre-
vented his carrying his intention into effect M. Struch,
Deputy for the Upper Rhine, was present at the banquet,
. together with M. Coulmann and M. Koechlin, former
Deputies, several members of the mu, icipal councils of
Strasburg and Mulhausen, and a considerable number
of the inhabitants of those towns ; and moreover,
several deputations .of electors from the principal
towns on the Upper Rhine. When the guestshad taken
their seats M. Gerard, the chief editor of the Courrier
d'Alsace, and secretary of the committee for directing
the banquet, proposed the appointment of a permanent
electoral committee for the department of the Upper
Rhine, and invited the assembly to sign immediately the
petit on prepared by the central committee of the elec-
tors of Paris. The petition was immediately signed by
all present. The g reatei.t cordiality prevailed throughout
the meeting, and the Marseillaise,' with other patriotic
airs, was performed by an excellent orchestra. After
ninner the full wing toasts were given from the chair,
and enthusiastically cheered:—e Electoral reform,' The
union of nations," The French Revolution,' The
realisation of its doctrines and principles,' The organi-
zation of labour,' and The probity of public authori
ties.' AL teeersch, member of the municipal council of
Strasburg, and principal editor of the Courtier du Bus
Rhin, in proposing a toast, ' To the patriots of the Low( r
Rhine,' delivered a speech, from which we make the fol-
lowing extract:—
Yes, gentlemen, the present situation of affairs ap-
pear to us dangerous and lamentable. It is with sorrow
in her heart, and a blush of indignation on her brow,
that France has been for some time witnessing the can-
cer which is consuming her. It is with terror
that the nation contemplates all the evil caused
by the contagion of pernicious examples and
pernicious maxims. A nation may endure innume-
rable disasters, see her armies defeated, her fleets
destroyed, her filiances exhausted, and her commerce
annihilated. These, no doubt, are severe trials, but they
do not constitute disgrace. Waterloo was a catastrophe
for France, but Waterloo is not a stain on our national
history, for there was no dishonour in contending alone
against all Europe, and by closing by one day of reverse
half a century of victories. Moreover, a nation may take
its rt venge fur a lost battle. It may recompose its
army, rebuild its citadels, reconstruct its navy, revive
its commerce and manufactures, and a few years are
sufficient to restore its strength. France was in that po-
sition in 1830, prepared to recommence the gigantic
struggles of the republic and of the empire, if any
foreigner had dared to lay his hand on her, or if he had
dared to prevent the accomplishment of a great act of
popular sovereignty and of national justice. But, gen
itemen, what is more serious than a battle
lost, or any material disaster, is the moral decline of
a nation and the extinction of public spirit in her
breast. It is the oblivion of her providential mission,
and of the part she was destined to act in human affairs.
A nation commits suicide when it succeeds in suppres-
sing within itself every noble and generous sentiment,
and in substituting sensual appetit• s for the instincts of
national grandeur, the worship of the golden calf for the
adoration of glory, the thirst of honours for the love
of liberty, sellishne,s for devotedness, the materialism of
;he present for the ideal of the future, the cowardice of
the slave for the dignity of man, the humility of the
subject tor the proud independence of the citizen. And
when those who possess the power to contend against
social disorganization forget their sacred mission so far
as even to teed the progress of the evil which they ought
to oppose, in order to make use of it to advance some
mist rable pertemul interest, they are a thousand times
more culpable than ii they had squandered the treasure
and wasted the material strength of the countr3, for a
nation, be demoralization, is stuck to the heart.
Away, then, with every feeling of discouragement or
weakness. Let us hail this day as the aurora of a new
p lineal life! Lrt us plant the flag of electoral and Par.
iarnentsry reform with a bold hand, and rally round it
all honourable and progressive opinions. Let the great
national party constitute itself, therefore, on the entire
surface of France. 'Let it amalgamate into one body the
strong and the weak,
the impatient and the timid, in
order that they may all concur in the same work of im-
provement. Let it gather all willing friends that have
eeen aispersed—ell noble instincts that have been out-
reged—all efforts impotent through isolation, and France
seal re. ume that noble part assigned to her in modern
civilization ; she will resume the lead in all great con-
ceptions and all great actions.'
" The President Rossee next proposed the King's
health, which was received by the assembly with solemn
silence, followed by a cry fur the Marsedlaise,' which
eas concluded with a triple round of applause, when the
meeting separated."
The Patrie states that the Duc D'AUSIALE has been
appointed Governor-General of Algeria, and that a
splendid Palace is to be built at Algiers for his resi-
dence.
The Prince DE JOINvILLE was still at Naples on
the 3d instant, and it was remarked that a very active
correspondence was carrried on between him and
Count Rossi, the French Ambassador at Rome.
The continued rise in the price of flourin the Paris
market caused some apprehension for the tranquillity
of the capital. -
M. TESTS has petitioned for the restoration of the
94,000 f. fine imposed on him, but the Ministers have
reported against his request.
M. KLEIN, who was sent to Bogota to negotiate
with the Government of New Grenada the conditions
of the cession of a railroad across the isthmus of

Panama, had returned to Paris. M. KLEIN com•
pletely succeeded in his mis,ion, having obtained most
advantageous terms for the company he represented.
It was even believed that the works of that important
enterprise would be forthwith commenced, under
the direction of _M. DE COUkTINES, engineer of the

company.
DI. DAtTDE has been elected Deputy at Florae by
146 votes out of 452. M. SABAYIRR, the Conserva-
tiue candidate, withdrew at the commencement of the
last ballot. The votes given on the preceding day to
M. DEMESSERT were given to M. DAUDR.
PARIS BOUYOE, THURSDAY AFTERNOON.—There is
an improvement to day in all kinds of securities.
The Five per Cents. and Three per Cents. closed 20
centimes higher than yesterday.
The Three per Cents. closed at 761. 85c.; the Five
per Cents., 1181. 25c.; the Orleans Railroad Shares,
1,945 f.; Rouen, 9381. 75c.; Havre, 603 f. 75c.; Great
Northern, 5411. 25c. ; Avignon, 6061. 25c. ; Vierzon,
5601. ; Bordeaux, 477 f. 50c. ; Dieppe, 295 f. ; Basle,
1751.; Paris and Strasburg, 400 f.; Tours and Nantes,
3751. ; Paris and Lyons, 400 i.; Lyons and Avignon,
4481. 75c. ; Bordeaux. and Cette, 4621. 50c.; Spanish
Three per Cents., 32.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, AUGUST 13.
emlbo3ouulr(g)g.rie_ain,3donAsTniedusA,vllg3:lio—n Dtcuotnehstiittuhteeldli)s,h3, 2
—Northern
of France, 11%—Sambre and Meuse, 9.

AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE BRITANNIA.

EXPRESS FROM LIVERPOOL.

(FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)

LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY MOUSING.
The arrival of the royal mail steamer Britannia,
Captain Harrison, at this port, after a voyage of
twelve days and a half, from Boston, including her
calling and stay at Halifax, has put us in possession
of our files of papers to the Ist inst., her day of de-
parture from her first port.
The Britannia has 107 passengers. She met the
outward bound steamer, Hibernia, between Halifax
and Boston, which latter port she might be expected
to reach on the 2d inst.
The United States steamer 'Washington bad
arrived out at New York on the 30th of July.
The commercial news is important ; the rate of
exchange had declined to 5i per cent., and between
that rate and 61 there was an active business done,
with plenty of bills offering. The following are the
quotations :

Whipple has been lassoed near Vera Cruz. Captain
William Duff died on the 16.,h. and Lieutenant Parkyr,
of the nav,, lied on the 12 h, on board of the Missis-
sippi. The Sun of Analiuuc of the 13. h gays, that by
private expres, from l'uowa, hat been re-
ceived that Cadwallader af.d Pillow, with the trains,
had arrival at Perote, and had been a.tacked at Luhora
by a large Mexican force, and completely routed the
enemy, with but kip low,.

" This expresl left Puebla on the 3i, and the news was
ri olive' there the day previous. that three commis
sioners had been appointed to meet Mr. Trist at !-an
Martin on the Bth. and learn through him the terms
offered by the Pr. sidene A letter from Mexico,
dated the 2d, sass there is no doubt but that the
treaty m
will he ecied, d immediately b) the commis-
sioners, the peace party is so strong, and that Santa
Anna will probably pronounce for peace. The names
of the commissioners given are °artistic Baranda, and
Tornel. News from G. neral Pillow had arrived at
Pueb:a by an express rider, and an express from Gene-
ral Scott from Puebla to Vera Cruz was murdered, after
desperate re,i,t emee
" Turning from the warlike tenor of the advices, we
proceed to that portion of it which treats of peace: The
papers before us announce that Mexico had at last ac-
cepted the offer to negotiate, and that three commis-
sioners were appointed to meet Mr. Trist, the American
Minister. The result will soon be known. It is said
that Santa Anna was disposed in favour of peace.
" General l'aylor's position remained unchanged, and
no clue to his future intentions had been promulgated.
Recruits are slowly gathering to his forces.
" The advices just received contain accounts from Ca-
lifornia. The two regiments of volunteers from New
York had arrived in the territory, to occupy and colo-
nise the coast around Monterey and the Bay of San
Francisco. A newspaper has been established at each
of these points, and another in Oregon. American en-
terprise is thus spreading the English language along
that wide extended coast, and diffusing the arts of civi-
lisation and peace among the untutored savages of the
wilderness. A new city has been laid out in the Bay of
San Francisco.

" Accounts from Oregon state that the American
settlements there were attaining vigorous growth under
a Government of their own orgs,niz ition. On the re-
ceipt of news of the adjustment of the Oregon boundary,
they had a grand celebration, and fired a national salute.
A large and prosperous trade is growing up with the
Sandwich Islands and the Russian settlements."

(Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce.)
WASUINGTON, JULY 23.—There is a letter in the
city, received by the Western mail, with the startling
intelligence that the Mormon regiment and the Mormon
settlers, in California. have risen and rebelled against the
American Government as established there, taking po-
session of the country, and establishing an independent
government of their own.

There may be some foundation for the rumour. The
Mormons, prior to the origin of the Mexican war, had
designed to establish an empire in Calitornia, and had
taken some stsps towards the enterprise.