The Sun.
London, England, 1847-03-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 11, 1847.

13, Great Marlborough-street.
MR. HEWLETT'S LAST WORK,
" GREAT TOM OF OXFORD."
By the Author of " Peter Prigglns."
A few copies of the above work way still be had, in 3 vols. post Bvo.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF " THE RANSOM."
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., post Svo.,
KIRKHOLMI4: PRIORY;
or, Modern Heroism.
By the Author of " The Ransom."
Richard Bentioy, New Burlington-street.

LAST WEEK BUT ONE.
JIENRY RUSSELL AT THE STRAND
THEATRE.
Composer of Woodman spare that Tree—lvy Green—The Gam-
bler's Wife —The Maniac—Ship on Fire—The Life Boat—l'm Afloat
—Newfoundland Dog—and ether Popular Songs, will give his
VOCAL ENTERTAINMENT THIS EVENING, AND EVERY
EVENING. He will sing several new songs—The True Men
of Old—lvy Green—Woodman spare that Tree—and the Demon
Ship—Songs and incidents of Negro Life and Character.
Boxes, 3s. ; Stalls, 2s. ; Pit, Is. ; Gallery 6d. ; Private Boxes, 11. Is.
Box-office opt n from One till boar daily.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
Mr. A. Young should apply to the Emigration Commissioners,
or to Mr. Hawes, the Under-Secretary for the Colonies.

rHE WEATHER.—SIIN OFFICE, MARCH 11.
TEERMOMETER, Lowest, 20 ; Highest. 36 ; Noon, 31.
BAROMETER, 30.32.—Wind W., fine.

111 WATER AT LONDON-RW.IIOE THIS DAY.
Vorning .. 39 minutes after 7. Evening .. 16 minutes after 8

ebrtrang
LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH 11, 1847.

The Commons met at Twelve.
The second reading of the Edinburgh and Perth
Railway Bill was postponed for a week.
Sir W. BARRON moved the second reading of the
Arrest for Debt (Ireland) Bill, the object of which was
to assimilate the law of arrest in Ireland to the law in
Englond, by abolishing arrest for debts under 201.
Mr. .Motirauss opposed the motion, as interfering
with the rights of property in Ireland.
Mr. SHAW paid a high compliment to the Solicitor-
General for Ireland, for the manner in which he had
conducted his opposition to this Bill, and would support
him in such opposition.
Mr. M. MILNES supported the Bill, as did Mr. SEAR..
MAN CRAWFORD.

Mr. GROG AN trusted the Bill would be withdrawn.

A short discussion ensued, which ended in the with-
drawal of the Bill, after an assurance on the part of Sir
G. GREY, that the subject was under the consideration
of the law officers of the Crown, and a short consultation
between Mr. LABOUCTIERE and Sir H. W. BARRON,

The Drainage of Land Bill passed through Committee.
On the motion for bringing up the report on the landed
property (Ireland) Bill, various amendments were
proposed by Viscount NEWRY and Lord COTRTENAY,
which were negatived without a division, and the
further consideration of the report was postponed to
Friday.
The Loan Bill was read a third time and passed, and
the House adjourned.

We yesterday stated our reasons for agreeing with
the Home Secretary "that public opinion, so far
from being in favour of the entire abolition of the
punishment of death would be greatly shocked and
outraged by the remission of that punishment." One
of the few cases in which it may not only safely be
retained, but in which the great majority of the
people would in the strongest manner object
to any alteration in the law, is that of wilful,
deliberate, and cold-blooded murder, when the
criminal coolly and with premeditation deter-
mines on depriving a fellow-creature of his
existence, and hurrying him from this world
without a moment's preparation for the awful
change. There are, however, many cases, which
although, in the eye of the law, they may be re-
garded as wilful murder, yet so closely approach the
line of demarcation between that offence and the
more mitigated one of manslaughter, that a jury
would be fully justified in bringing in either verdict.
There is no crime for the punishment of which so
wide a discretion is allowed to the presiding judge
as that of manslaughter. lie may sentence the de-
linquent to the highest secondary punishment known
to the law, transportation for life, or to a mere nominal
fine, or a few hours' imprisonment only. That extraor-
dinary power is conceded in order to provide a due
and fitting penalty for cases of the worst description.
The Right Hon. Baronet truly stated to the House,
that although the punishment of death might still be
inflicted in some other cases, yet, in point of fact,
there has not been a single execution since 1841
except for murder. He might have added, that many
persons convicted of murder had had mercy extended
to them, and their sentences mitigated when-
ever there appeared any favourable circum-
stances, showing that it had occurred in the heat of
blood, consequent upon sudden provocation, and
hacl not been deliberately planned with malice afore-
thought ; and in every such case the commutation was
received with approbation. It was received with
approbation by those who had a conscientious ob-
jection to the punishment of death in every in-
stance, and also by those who conceived its reten-
tion necessary for the well-being of society. Such
a case was that of the man SMITH, who was
pardoned the extreme penalty, last, summer, for the
murder of his fellow-servant at the Guildhall Coffee-
house ; and such we conceive to be those of the un-
fortunate men, WELCH and 111A7THEWS, who were
convicted at Newcastle within the last fortnight, and
who are now lying under sentence of death, and are
to expiate their respective offences upon a scaffold on
IVednesday, the 17th instant. In either of these cases
we believe that justice would have been satisfied, and
the majesty of the law vindicated, had the juries taken
the more lenient view.

In the case of WELCH, it appeared that the pri.
soner and the deceased had been drinking, that sub-
sequently a quarrel ensued, that blows were struck
on each side, and that WELCH had been knocked
down twice during the progress of the scuffle;
that Paean), the man who lost his life, kicked him
while he was down, and that subsequently, but be-
fore there was time for his blood to cool, WELCH
struck PROUD with a knife which he unfortunately
had in his pos'.ession at the time of the quarrel, and
inflicted a fatal wound. Now it has been decided
in the KING v. KESSEL, reported in 1 Carrington and
Payne, page 437, and in several other cases, " that if
parties at the commencement attack each other upon
equal terms, and afterwards, in the course of fight,
one of them in his passion snatch up a deadly weapon
and kill the other with it, it would be manslaughter
only." Now here the quarrel had been commenced
upon equal terms, the parties had fought, and the
prisoner had been worsted in the encounter, and had
actually been kicked when lying on the ground.
The weapon, too, was unfortunately at hand, and the
provocation was such as to excite the unfortunate man
to the highest degree; and although we do not
venture to affirm that the jury were not justified in
returning a verdict of guilty of murder, yet we do
not hesitate to say, that it would induce many to join
the ranks of the abolitionists if the sentence were
carried into execution.
In the case of MATTHEWS, it appeared that there
had been unfortunate disputes between the English
and Irish labourers at work on the railway, the
English complaining that the Irish used to work un-
der wages. The deceased man, DANIEL HIVES, had
been drinking on the day of his death, in consequence
of which another person was sent to assist him. It did
not appear in what manner the quarrel had
originated, but the prisoner and his companion,
HUGHES, who had a stick in his hand, were seen run-
ning away, closely pursued by HIVES, whose face was
bloody from a blow he had received. After running
away for a considerable distance, trying to escape,
MATTHEWS turned and stabbed IlivEs in the thigh,
which severed his femoral artery, and caused his
death in a few minutes. From the evidence of Cap-
tain POTTS, it appeared that the deceased was in a
very excited state, and eager to get at the other par-
ties, who did all in their power to get away. In this
case also, then, although the jury were warranted in
their finding, there appears to be a total absence of
that cool premeditation which would alone justify the
execution of
threeerim
Moat sincerely do we hope that both cases may re-
ceive the most attentive consideration
investigation, nsideration from the
they,
or either of them, should be
authorities, and that if, upon
considered worthy of '

mercy—the fairest prerogative of the Crown—it may
be exercised in their favour.

What we yesterday observed in reference to Por-
tugal might be applied almost without alteration to
Mexico. The prosecution of hostilities has been so
protracted in both countries as to indicate either a
treachery that is as yet quite impenetrable, or an in-
capacity that is equally beyond our comprehension.
According to the dispatches just received from Ame-
rica, it would appear that the Government of the
United States is endeavouring to accomplish the dis-
memberment of the Mexican territories by a stra-
tagem more dastardly than was perhaps ever entered
upon by the most unprincipled legislature. It will
be remembered how the soldiers of this Republican
Government violated the line of demarcation between
Texas and the gigantic federation of which it was
originally a portion; it will be remembered how the
invaders marched triumphantly upon the Rio Grande
under the banners of General TAYLOR, how dissensions
were fomented by American emissaries in the capital of
Mexico, how SANTA ANNA was allowed to slip through
the blockade, under the expectation of his delivering
up his country into the possession of its assailants,
how that distinguished captain repaid their guile by
the declaration of his heroic patriotism, and how a
questionable victory was obtained under the walls of
Monterey, and its advantages sacrificed through a
contemptible timidity. These circumstances cannot
very speedily be forgotten; and it will be equally
difficult to lose a recollection of the paltry prevarica-
tion upon these transactions inserted by Mr. President
POLK in his Message to Congress, or of the noble and
emphatic proclamation written to his fellow-citizens
by the first soldier of Mexico, SANTA ANNA. The
conclusions which could be alone drawn from occur-
rences of this nature were, that by its geographical
peculiarities, by the parsimony of the United
States' population, and by the moral supe-
riority of the cause of the invaded republic,
Mexico was safe from the possibility of its annexation
to the already enormous dominions of its assailant.
It might be conquered, it might be desolated, its
pastoral scenes might be ravaged, its cities taken and
sacked, and its people butchered in battues, but
Mexico could never be permanently vanquished.
Until the whole of its inhabitants had been extir.
pated, and its solitudes rendered populous by the in-
troduction and propagation of many thousand colo-
nists, that was impossible. Europe saw this—the
World saw this—Mr. POLE saw this, and be acted
accordingly.

We repeat that expression—he acted accordingly.
The forces were directed to pause at Saltillo. Cali-
fornia and New Mexico had already been formally
transferred to the protection and direction
of the United States—the embryo powers of
their new Governments were placed in an apparent
state of organization. General TAYLOR had been
gathering laurels in the kitchen-gardens of
Monterey, but the prying disposition of sundry re-
presentatives in Congress had prompted them to
submit those laurels to a sort of distilling process in
the course of the discussion, and, as is invariably the
case, poison was detected in the leaves of victory—
the terms of the capitulation at Monterey were inex-
plicable, excepting under the idea of something
much more odious than undue precaution and a very
little better than actual cowardice. The consequence
was General SCOTT was nominated Commander-
in-Chief of the invading army of the United
States. Coupled with this arrangement came
a demand upon the citizens of that warlike
and avaricious republic for an odd million or
so of dollars to defray the expenses of the invasion.
Thereupon the said invasion fell instanter into the
worst possible repute. The purse strings of the
nation were tied into a Gordian knot, and Mr. YOLK
was at a nonplus. Then comes the master-move-
ment of duplicity to which we would direct especial
attention.

Nothing, be it observed—nothing whatever which
could be dignified with the term of success, has yet
illustrated the American feats of arms on the Rio
Grande. And although Mexico herself has gained
no single battle in the conflict, her position is, if pos-
sible, stronger than it has been since the commence-
ment of hostilities. Precisely at this moment it is
intimated to Congress that peace must be made at
once with Mexico ; that Mexico must indemnify (I )
her invaders by making over to the United States
the provinces of California and New Mexico; that
the United States, in consideration of this arrange-
ment, must pay into the exchequer of Mexico the
sum of 3,000,000 dollars, and—which is the very
heart and vitality of the stratagem—that the Presi•
dent of the United States vouches for the fact of
having received secret information from a high source
that Mexico is prepared to enter at once into this ne-
gotiation. The meaning of this magnificent inuendo
is obvious. But upon whose authority are we to
believe this incredible statement ? Upon whose ?
UPON THE VOUCHER OF MR. PRESIDENT POLK!
Surely the fair name of patriot never before depended
upon thread so brittle! The fame which SANTA ANNA'S
recent conduct (his voluntary resignation of the
Presidentship, his march, sword in hand, to the van
of the protecting army of Mexico, his memorable
words on taking the command of that army) has
acquired cannot, however, be whispered away by a
whole generation of Polks. Upon the personal and
ascertained acts of SANTA ANNA himself can alone
depend his eternal glory as a patriot, or his lasting
infamy as a traitor.

We have seldom risen from the perusal of a
publication with greater pleasure than has been
afforded us by the Rev. JOHN DUTTON'S pamphlet, re-
cently published, on National Education. Two things
are aimed at in this publication ; first, to exhibit the
character and extent of national education at present
existing in this country ; next, what it ought to be-
come to render it worthy of the designation it bears.
Great credit is due to the writer for the matter he has
adduced, and the style in which he has accomplished
his twofold object. No one can read the essay with-
out finding his judgment improved upon a subject to
which the public mind is at length beginning to turn
with feelings of the deepest interest. Mr. DUTTON'S
views are given with clearness, his facts, with due
fidelity, from authentic sources, and his reflections with
correctness and moderation. His preliminary pages
are devoted to an exposition of the fallacy of using
the term " uneducated" in connexion with the
human mind. Abstractedly considered, non-educa-
tion does not exist, idiot's excepted. We are born
with minds which have been well compared to blank
sheets of paper. It is the duty of parents and
guardians, either of themselves, or through
the instrumentality of competent instructors,
to become the means whereby the _cardinal
outlines of religious and moral principles—nall be
carefully traced out on the virgin soil of the infantile
intellect. If this duty be neglected, the child of
tender years will take the initiative on himself, and
become the architect of his own mind ; the almost in-
variable consequence of which is, that prone by nature
to what is evil, unaided by the lights of experience,
unassisted by wise ceunsels, and influenced by bad
example, he is hurried headlong into vicious courses,
and carries with him the seeds of his ultimate ruin.
Upon this subject, Mr. DurroN appropriately intro-
duces the anecdote of a lady once telling Archbishop
SHARPE that she would not communicate any
reli-
gious instruction to her children until they had at-
tained years of discretion, when the shrewd prelate
' replied, " Madam, if you do not teach them the
Devil will !" The mistake, then, is a palpable one
which many people inconsiderately fall into, of
imagining that the subject we are writing on resolves
itself into the alternative of education or none at
all. The human mind will not stand still
any more than the earth will cease to range
in her accustomed orbit; hence, in the matter before
us, the choice simply lies between good education on
one side and bad on the other. Mr. DurroN next
adverts to the statistics which we possess relative to
the education, or otherwise, of those who have been
inmates of our prisons ; and, though these are some-
what meagre at present, yet, as far as they go, he
incontrovertibly establishes that the effect of even
the most elementary knowledge has been
to exercise a salutary influence in restraint
of crime. Having settled the point that
universal education ought to be promoted, as well in
furtherance of individual happiness and prosperity
as of national greatness, we are led to the considera-
tion of the means by which the end desired can be
best attained. By whom, and upon what principles,

shall this grand object be undertaken and developed ?
Shall it be by the Church alone, by the principle of
Voluntaryism alone, or,by the State alone? Not by
the first, for, though the Church some time since
stoutly put forward her claim to sole governance
in this respect, yet it is notorious that she
now completely waives it. This was acknowledged by
the Rev. Dr. HOOK, the Vicar of Leeds, in the speech
which he addressed to the large meeting held in that
town on Monday last, to canvass the merits of the
scheme recently breached by the Government. This
admission is the more important as it was made by
a member of the Church of England who has given
much of his time to the consideration of this absorb-
ing topic. The Rev. Dr. Hoof is far from
standing alone in his opinion. It is fully participated
in by the Rev. Mr. DurTox, who ably writes " that
national education does not mean simply the educa-
tion of the poor, for the poor do not constitute the
entire nation. A truly national system must be so
comprehensive as to embrace every class of society.
The Church cannot undertake the direction of such
a system for many reasons, but most especially for
the very obvious one, that the Church is not co-
extensive with the nation." Shall the education of the
people at large be exclusively consigned to the opera-
tions of voluntaryism ? Like other agencies that have
been at work in this field, voluntaryism has done much,
but it has left much undone, and there are indisputable
calculations, so notorious as to dispense with any
necessity for our entering into them, showing that,
anticipating the most favourable progression under the
auspices of this principle, ignorance and its fearful
concomitants, would still continue to characterise
large masses, of the people, whose rapidly increasing
numbers would aggravate, to the most alarming
extent, the evils by which our social system
is at present beset. But, from some who were
formerly among the leading disciples of voluntaryism,
we have the same confessions of its inadequacy
to secure the education of the people, that
have been candidly made by the authorities
of the Established Church. The Reverend Dr.
VAUGHAN, residing in Manchester, where voluntary
exertion has far exceeded in its results,what has flowed
from its adoption in any other part of Great Britain,
has boldly avowed, that it is utterly incompetent for
meeting the national exigencies. This we have from
one whe, it must be recollected, is the earnest and
powerful advocate of the voluntary system in the
maintenance of religion. To the same effect were
the remarks of Mr. JAMES GARTH MARSHALL, of
Leeds, at the meeting to which we have above
alluded. He there said
" I will yield to no one in the value I attach to the volun-
tary principle, rightly understood ; I trust my actions
hitherto have shown me to be a true voluntary, and I am not
going to change now. I hope I am entirely incapable of
knowingly joining in any act of intolerance or injustice to•
wards the conscientious religious convictions of ally class of
my countrymen. I do not think any such are involved in
this measure. I would sincerely and earnestly entreat the
voluntaries who object to this measure, for their own sakes,
to reconsider the position they bad taken up. They can join
the rest of their countrymen in the great work of education
on an equal footing, and yet maintain inviolate their prin-
ciple of the absolute independence of their religious com-
munities. That would be a strong and clearly defined posi-
tion ; their present one is weak and untenable."

On the other side, we have Mr. EDWARD BAINES,
who has taken a part more conspicuous for its ardour
than remarkable for its judgment. Gratis anhelans,
multa agendo nihil agens. We shall resume this
subject to-morrow.

Intelligence has been received from Rome of the
25th ult. On the 22d Mr. COBDEN was honoured
with a private audience of the Pore, and on the 24th
his Holiness granted a second private audience to the
Turkish Ambassador.

The Nuremburg Correspondent publishes a letter from
Vienna of the Ist, which gives credit to a report that
the Austrian Government, with a view to reduce its
budget of expenditure, which has been constantly in-
creasing, has resolved upon a diminution of the army.
The Augsburg Gazette states, that in consequt•nce
of the importance attached by some of the journals
to the protest of Sweden against the incorporation
of Cracow, the Government of that country has
been asked by the three great Northern Powers whe-
ther it really intended that the protest should be re-
garded as a menace, and bas received in reply an
assurance that the proper sense to be applied to the
protest is an expression of regret that revolutionary
movements should have rendered necessary an infrac-
tion of the treaties of Vienna, and a hope that no-
thing will arise of a nature to lead to further modifi-
cations.

Advices from Lisbon to the 3d inst. have been received.
Count MENSDORFF, Sir H. SEYMOUR, and Colonel
WyLnE, had renewed the offer of British mediation, but
the QUEEN and the Government had shown no disposi-
tion to accept it.
SALDANTIA. had arrived opposite Oporto, and was
waiting for CASAL, LAPA, and VINUAES, to effect a
junction with him before undertaking further opera-
tions. Oporto was perfectly tranquil, and abun-
dantly supplied with provisions. Des ANTAS had
resigned the chief command of the troops to General
POVOAS, who had entered Oporto with a reinforcement
of 2,000 men. The QUEEN'S troops had dispersed a
small guerilla of 70 men in the neighbourhood of
Coimbra. On the 26th Count DE tIELLO had attacked
Estremoz at the head of 1,080 men from Evora, and had
been repulsed. It was reported, however, that he had
on the next day renewed the attack, and succeeded in
capturing the place. Should this turn out to be the case,
it will be a heavy blow to the cause of the QUEEN.
The Duque d'Oporto, steamer belonging to the Junta,
was wrecked on the bar of Oporto the day after the loss
of the Tiber, sud all on board perished.
Her Britannic MAJESTY'S ship Superb has been
ordered to Vigo to watch the proceedings of the Spanish
authorities.

Madrid papers of the 4th have arrived.
The Gactta of that date publishes the royal decree
appointing Senor IsTuatTz Ambassador to the Court of
London.
The discussion on the Address still continued in the
Chamber of Deputies, the Ministers carrying all before
them by large
majorities. MON and PIDAL both dis-
tinctly declare that the Spanish Government had no
participation whatever in the expedition of General
FLORES.
Mr. BULIVER had announced to the Duke of Sozo-
MAYOR that England was desirous of concerting mea-
sures with Spain to prevent the return of Dom MiGuEL
to Portugal. Connected with this object probably is the
journey of her Royal Highness the Infanta Donna ANNA
of Portugal, who on the 6th passed through Bayonne,
en route to Madrid and Lisbon. There is reason to
suppose that she is charged with a diplomatic mission
to certain personages in the Spanish and Portuguese
capitals. During her sojourn in London she had seve-
ral interviews with Dom MIGUEL, and highly disapproved
of his attempt to dispossess the Queen of PORTUGAL.
Her Royal highness travels incognito, under the title of
Countess DE BARULLO.
The Ilprahlo declares that the force of the Carlists in
Catalonia has been greatly exaggerated. By the following
extr„ct from a letter published in the Phare de Bayonne,
it would, however, appear that affairs there are be-
coming serious. It is dated the Ist March, and the
writer says—
" The day before yesterday the Carlist Burgo entered
Lampourdan, with about twenty officers of Don Carlos's old
army. They were all armed with muskets with percussiou
locks. To-day proclamation has been issued at the Jun-
querie, calling on the inhabitants to take arms at the
fourth sound of the tocsin. It is probable that this pub-
lication is the result of the return of Burgo, and that it has
been circulated throughout the whole of Lampourdan. In
Upper Catalonia nothing is spoken of but the return of
Cabrera; the rumour was circulated that the whole country
between Tarragona and Barcelona was for him, and it was
added that a party of Carlists had beaten the Queen's troops
at ten leagues from Barcelona. If this be true, the demon-
stration by which the insurgents succeeded in drawing
General Breton into Upper Catalonia was very able. A few
days will show us the result of all this. We shall then
know whether Cabrera has disembarked or not. It is abso-
lutely necessary to keep a good look out on the coast. It is
only from abroad that real danger is to be apprehended.
The Carlists in the interior may cause some disturbance, but
nothing beyond."
MADRID BoLsa, MARCII 4.—The Three per Cents. were
done at 110 A for cash ; the Five per Cents. at 19 ; the Debt
without Interest et 6 ; and the Coupons at 17.

We have received the Paris papers of Tuesday.
The Debuts has a long article on the financial state of
the country, in the course of which it admits that the
uncovered debt amounts to 26,240,000/. sterling, which
is to be covered by:a new issue of Exchequer-bills ; that
this deficiency is constantly increasing; that last year
the expenditure exceeded the revenue by 19,000,000 f. ;
that this excess of expenditure over revenue is the
ordinary and constant state of the French finances, and
yet, in the face of these admissions, it contends that
France is at the present moment more rich, more inde-
pendent, and more prosperous than she ever has been—all
which is attributable to the admirable system of M.G uizoT.
In consequence, however, of the financial working of
this " admirable system," a great portion of the public
works, including the railroads, for the construction of
which money has actually been voted, will have to be
suspended during the present year.

M. HEBERT has been appointed Minister of Justice—
the official announcement was to appear in the Moniteur
of Tuesday.
A petition, signed by the Bishop of Nancy and nine
hundred of the clergy of France, praying for the total
and immediate abolition of slavery throughout the French
colonies, was presented to the Chamber of Peers, on
Tuesday, by the Count DE MONTALEMBERT.
M. DUFAURE, whose opposition to the system of the
Ministers for the government of Algeria is well known,
has been chosen President of the Committee of the
Chamber appointed to report on the supplementary
credits demanded for that colony.
The price of corn is advancirg every moment.
Every week for months to come 400,0001. in
cash will leave France to pay for supplies of foreign
corn. The Echo de ['Agriculture contains the following
remarks on the food question:—
" During the last week the rise has made further progress
in most of the markets, and the movement has all the ap-
pearance of a panic. Everywhere the petty consumers, who
possess some money or credit, lay in a small stock of pro-
visions, as if we were threatened with a scarcity, and the
quantities of grain thus withdrawn from circulation are
very considerable. This is an evil, no doubt, but there is
no possibility of obviating it; it is the evil of fear. Tne
municipalities themselves, on different points, were the first
to set the example, which was imitated by their subordi-
nates. These stores, however, are not buried for ever, and
will be again available when necessary. They form a re-
source which will appear at the moment when the crops in
the ground can be determined. Public opinion will then
recover the confidence it had lost. We should also observe,
that the holders of corn take advantage of the panic to raise
their pretensions, and part with only a small portion of their
produce, in the hope of selling the remainder at a still
higher rate. The constantly increasing augmentation in the
price is, no doubt, a misfortune ; but its result must be to
bring provisions into the markets, and the great question,
the principal question, whether we shall have a sufficiency
of corn to meet the forthcoming crops, is no longer a matter
of doubt to us. We see no cause for apprehension ; in no
department will there be an overplus, but everywhere there
will be a sufficiency."

The price of the first quality of flour rose to 111 f. and
112 f. per sack at the Paris market on-Monday.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on
Tuesday at 78f. 40c. ; the Five per Cents. 116 f. 50c. ;
the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,278 f. 75c.; Rouen, 872 f.
50c. ; Havre, 690 f. ; Great Northern. 630 E; Avignon, 820 f. ;
Vierzon, 572 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 5281. 75c. ; Troyes and
Montereau, 320 f. ; Basle, 210 f. ; Dieppe, 330 f. ; Paris and
Strasburg, 453 E 75c. ; Tours and Nantes, 452 f. 50c. ; Paris
and Lyons, 487 f. 50c. ; Lyons and Avignon, 480 E ; Bordeaux
and Cette, 4511. 25c.

MARSEILLES, MARCH 5 —Marseilles and Avignon, 830 f.;
Northern, 628 f 75c. ; Paris and Lyons, 4921. 50c.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, MARCH 10.

Boulogne and Amiens, 14—Dutch Ithenish, 4 —Luxembourg, 2
—Namur and Liege, 4%—Northern of France, 12%—Orleans and
Bordeaux, 7%—Paris and Lyons, 71,fi —Paris and Strasbourg, 3%
—Rouen and Havre, 26% —Sambre and Meuse. 6%.

RAILWAY COMMITTEES

(THIS DAY.)

HOUSE OF COMMONS.
GROUP I.

This Committee met to-day at twelve o'clock, for the first
time, in Room 25. Members present :—Lord Granville
Somerset, chairman ; the Hon. W. 0. Stanley, the Marquis
of Chandos, Mr. Bannerman, and Mr. Hildyard.
The following Bills, being those proposed for the accom-
modation of the South-eastern district, have been referred to
this group.
South Eastern (Mid Kent and direct Tunbridge).
South Eastern (Croydon and Brom.ey Branches).
South Eastern (Maidstone to Chart).
South Eastern (Strood to Maidstone).

South Eastern (North Kent Line).
London and Brighton and South Coast Railway (Kent Rail-
way to .laidstone, Canterbury, and Tunbridge).
Herne Bay and Canterbury Junction.
Messrs. Austin, Q.C., Alexander, Q.C., Merewether, Laing,
and Burke, appeared on behalf of the South-Eastern Railway
projects; and Mr. Talbot, Q.C., Mr. Paget, and Sir W. Rid-
dell, in favour of the rival scheme promoted by the Brighton
Company, and in support of several petitioners against the
former lines.

The usual preliminaries having been gone through,
The CHAIRMAN informed Counsel, that except in special
cases they would not allow any Learned Gentleman to cross-
examine a witness who had not been present at the exami-
nation in chief.

Mr. AUSTLN then addressed the Committee at some length
in explanation of the South-Eastern scheme, contrasting, as
he went over the details, the advantages which he alleged
the branches of the company for which he appeared had over
the branches of the rival c“mpany.

MONEY anti COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO TIP.EE.
The sales of Cotton at Liverpool yesterday were 2,000
bales for immediate use. The market was dull. The total
sales yesterday were 4,000 bales. Shares were flat.
The arrivals of shipping in the Thames have been less con-
siderable within the last two days, and this has served to give
some firmness to the provision markets, especially as
as our consumption is still on a large scale, and the sales of
grain keep up at a higher quantity than at this time last
year. The supplies of many other articles, especially sugar,
&c., are considerable, and this moderates prices. As to the
proportion of payment, that will have to be made in hard
cash or manufactures, this is difficult to determine, though
we feel convinced that we shall receive very liberal orders
from the countries whence we draw our chief supplies of
food. Where, indeed, should we have been without the
timely repeal of the corn-laws ?
There are more countries than are yet counted upon which
will supply us with articles of aliment, in addition to the
staff of life, and take liberally of our manufactures in return.
If grain from certain parts of America can be sent cheaper
to the United States, sea-board, than by the St. Lawrence,
the colonists have other resources. A eonialunication come to
hand by a late arrival states—.
" If Canada should lose the transit trade of the American
grain and flour to England, which as yet is by no means
certain, other sources of profitable business are available,
and we know of none that present such advantages and is so
feasible as the dairy business. Our attention has been
called to this point by a well-itiformed "settled inhabitant,"
who possesses, together with sound judgment, an extensive
acquaintance with the province. The wheat growing districts of
Canada are not of very great extent, and are limited in a
great degree to the upper portion of the province; but all
parts of the colony present capabilities for becoming one of
the finest countries for the production of butter and cheese
known. The climate being colder, it is better adapted for
such a purpose than the warmer and more southerly latitudes
of the United St.:tes • the voyage to England is shorter, and
the articles do not undergo the injurious process of a voyage
through the tropics, as all produce shipped from the Missis-
sippi and its branches necessarily must. Looking to Eng-
land as the great market for the sale of the surplus provisions
of North America, it. would seem that Ohio and the ad-
joining states are adapted for the export of beef, corn, and
maize; Michigan, Winsconsin, &c., for the export of
wheat and flour; and Canada for that of butter and cheese.
Canada possesses tracts of the finest and richest land,
either alluvial, or that which was once submerged by vast
lakes • her climate, as we said, is comparatively cool, and,
therefore, favourable for manufacturing these articles—for
they are emphatically manufactured—and the voyage to
England is short, and made entirely through the temperate
latitudes. We grant that the more north-westerly portions
of the United States are, perhaps, equally well adapted to
dairy purposes, but the comparative proximity of Canada
to the British market gives her great and controlling ad-
vantages.
" A .person commencing the dairy business in Canada,
should keep steadily in view the three grand essentials for
ensuring success. First, to secure a good and profitable
stock; for a cow with a small bag will eat as much food, or
nearly so, as the most productive Durham : secondly, to
take especial care that the animals be kept in warm, dry, and
clean stables: and, thirdly, that the food be good and plen-
tiful, varied, and sufficiently salted—for the farmer who
starves his cattle, will, most certainly starve himself."
The English stock market has been very agitated, and
there is mach excitement still. The Bears are anxiously
anticipating some further restrictive action on the part of the
Bank of England, and have succeeded therefore in getting
down Consols to 88% % for Money, and 88% % for April,
though the latest bargains have been about V& per
cent. higher. The scrip is reduced to % %
discount. Exchequer-bills have been quoted par to Os. pre-
mium. The New Three-and-Quarter per Cents. have been
worth 893/4 %. There is no notice at the Bank.
The few bargains made in Foreign Stocks have been also
at lower rates. Spanish Five per Cents. have been quoted
211/ to 22%; Mexican, 2134 ; and Austrian, 10914. Dutch
Two-and-a-Half per Cents. have been 5714 to %.
Shares are lower.
BRITISH. FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities .. 88%
Three per Cent. Consols Annuities .. • • 88%sro
New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cent. Amts. 87%'k
South Sea Stock ..
Ditto, New Annuities .. 87% 88
Three per Cent. Annuities, 1751 • .. 88
Consols ter Account, April 15 .. 834, u
Consols, Scrip • • • • • • ..
ib p
Exchequer Bills. I%d. I%d.
1,000/. •• •• .. • • 3 p par pm.
Ditto. Small •• •• '••• 4 pm.
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Austrian Bonds, 5 per Cent. •• • • 10934
Buenos Ayres Bonds, 6 per Cent. • • 40
Danish Bonds, 3 per Cent •• .. 8836
Mexican' 1846, 5 per Cent ..
Ditto, for the Account .. • • 21%
Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent. ..
Ditto, for the Account • • • • 22%
Do., 5 per Ct., '3B, 9, 40, dlv. 1840 21%
Ditto •• •• 1841 21
1843 19
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 57%14%
Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certdicates .. 9134
BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK.
RAILWAYS. PAID. PER SHARE.
Aberdeen .. . . • 30 •• • • 2674 •. to 2736
Amber., Notting., Boston, & Eastrn Jn. 2% .... 2%U .. to
Birmingham atid Oxford Junction .. 5 •• • • 13%34 % to
13 uckingliamshire ..6/. 45.• •. • 34 p.. to
Caledonian •• •• • • to
Ditto, Half Shares .. • . .. • • 234 •• • . 234.... to
Direct Northern Scrip • • . • 2% •• • • 2% •• • • to
Eastern Counties •• • • .. • • •• 20 •• .. 19% 3414 to
Do., Perpetual,s perC t. No.l, Cl. 13s. 4d..... %34p to
Ditto, York Extension • • • • 4 •• • • 3% 34 .• to
East Lancashire .. •• • . .. 14 .... .... to
Ditto, New .. .. • • .. 7% •• • • to
Ditto, ditto, New Scrip .. • • .. 134 234.... to
Edlnburkth and Glasgow .. • • •• 53 .... 74 .... to
Ditto Quarter Shares • • • • • • 1233 •. • . 17 .• • • to
Great Northern (London & York Regd) 2% •• .. 2% .. to
Ditto (I.Yrect. Northern Regd.) -. 3% •• • • 3%34 to
Great Southern and Western (Irelard) 27N, 23y. -. to
Great North of England • . —lOO •- - • .... to
Ditto, New .• • • • • I •• • • 18 Xt • • to
Great Western .. .• .. 65 ....114 .. • • to 112
Ditto, Quarter Shares .. • • • • 12% ••.. 18 ••.. to 17%
Ditto, New •• •• •• .. 4% .... 8 to 736
Hull and Selby • • • . • • .. . 50 .. • • to
Ditto, Hatt Shares • . .. • • •• 25 51 .. • • to
Gangster and Car' isle .. 50 •• .. to
1/iite, New • • .• • • • • • • 5 •• 10 to
Leeds and Thirsk .• • • • .. 223 .... 20 .. •• to
London, Brighton, and South Coast .. 50 53 to 5234
London and North-Western •• • • 100 .. 178 .. •• to 179
Ditto, Quarters •• .. 2 .... 19%;... to 183
Ditto ditto New .. . 2 .... 1334.... to 1234
Ditto, Fiala .. • • • • • . 2 • • 1634 .... to 17
Ditto, 101. Shares • • 31. and B. (C) 1 .... 6% • . to 7
London and South-We:dem 411. 6,. 10,1. .... 62 .... to 61
Ditto, New .. • . 22% .... 24 .... to
Ditto, Tenths (Consolidated) . .. 50 .. • • 53 •• • • to
Ditto, Scrip .. .. • • • . 5 .• • • 534 •• • • to
Ditto, ditto •• .. • • .. .. 4 .... 4 .. to
Loudon and York Extension Scrip .. 236 .... 214 to
Lynn and Ely .. .. • • 20 ••• • 22 .... to --
Lyn'. and Dereliam .„ 15 . • . 16% %••to --
Manchester and Leeds . • • • • 82 .• • .105 •• .. to
Ditto. Quarter shares • • • • •• 12 .... 15% .... to 1634
Ditto, Thirds (Reg.) .. • • 45..... p.. to
Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock • 425. • % p.. to 34 p
Midland —.116 .... to 114
Di:to, New • • • • •• •• •• .... 34 .... to 3314
Ditto, New • • .. • • • • • • 2 .. 5% 4% sto 4%
Ditto, Birmingham and Derby ..100 .. •• 89 ••• to
Midland, Birmingham & Gloucester-100 —.12334 to 122
Ditto, New (issued at 7/ die) 1136 31 • to 30%
Newcastle and Berwick .. .. 20 32%.... to 33
Newmarket and Chesterfo:d • • • • 10 •. • . 1034 .• •.to
Milo Extension .. • • • • 21. 125...•• par.. ••to
Norfolk • • .. • • .. •• ..100 . —l3l to
Ditto, Half Shares • • • • • • •. 10 .... 13% to
North British .. • • .. • • 25 .. • • 33%.... to
Ditto, Half Shares .. • • 1234.... 16 .. •• to
Ditto, Quarters .. .. • • 234.... 4 .... to
Ditto, Extension •• • • %•• .• I .... to—
North Sialibrdsitire .. • • • • 5 .. • • 7% 8.. to, 7%
Oxford. Worcester, & Wolverhampton 17% .... 1034% .. to
Preston and AVyre .. • • • • 25 .... 34 to
Ditto, Hale Shine 3 (A) • • • • 634 .... to
D.tio, ditto (B) •• 134.... 1% to
Reading, Guildford, and Reigate • • b •• .. 4;4 .. . . to
Scottish Mid.apd • . • • •• •• 1 —.23% 24% to 23%
Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A) .. 3 ...• to --
Ditto, d,tto (It) .. • • .. 11,4.... .... to
Shropshire Unfon 4:5..•. 1 to 34 dis.
4outh StalTo.dshire Junction Reg. —11.133.4 d. 34 p.. to
south Eas'ern and Dover .. • • • 33/.25. 4d. to
Ditto, New (:ss. at 321.) No. 1 • 20 . 21% .. • • to
Ditto, New (do. 30..) No. 3 . • • • 15 •• • • 153 a .. • • to 16
Ditto, New (do. 151.) No. 4 • 3% •• • • 43414 to
West Riding Union .. • • 41. 2s. •• • • 1%% pto
Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth• •• • 15 •• • • 834• • • . to
York and Newcastle .. ••• • • 25 •• • • 3514 •• • to 34%
Ditto, New .. .. • • 10 .• • • 15% %.. to
Ditto, Preference .. • • • • 4 .. • • 8% •• • • to 7%
York and North Midland .. .. • • 50 •• . • .... to
Ditto. Extension .. 20 . • • :-6% to
Ditto, Preference .. .. • . • • 2 .• .. 11 tq • .. to 11
Ditto East and West Riding Extension 10 .... 21 20% to 21
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.
Boulogne and Amiens .. .. 18 .. • • 13% 34. to
Namur end L'ege • . •• • 10 •• • • 43g •... to
Norlliern o;" France .. • • 8 •. • 12% .• •. to
Orleano arid Bordeaux • • .. 6 ... • 7 .• • • to 634
Paris anti Lyons .. 8 .• to 6%
Rouen and Havre .. . .. 20 .... 263 •• • • to
MINES
Real del Monte. Unregistered • • •• •• .. • • to
Erratum in Yesterday's List—Read Newcastle and Berwick 3.33‘ %
instead of 34 34 36.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING—(THIS DAY.)
LONDON, MAICU 11.—Wind S. by E., light breeze, and
fine frosty weather.
DEAL, MAECII 10.—Wind N.W. to E.; P.M., E.,
squally.—Arrd. Irene, M'Dougal, Bahia. Sid. Plantagenet,
bird, Madras and Calcutta; Hong-Kong, Dodds, Havannah ;
Franklin, New Orleans.
SHOREHAM, MARCH 10.—Wind E.--Sld. Charles, New
York.

Poursmourtr, MARCH 10.—Wind E. to E.N.E.—Arrd.
De Hoop, I'rouk, Batavia. Sld. Hugh Walker, China.
FALMOUTH, MARCH 10.—Wind N. W.-9. Off port, Mary
Gray, Henderson, Honduras, and proceeded for London;
Amelia Fanny, Africa for London.
SCILLY, MARCH s.—Arrd. John King,Martin, Mauritius.
LIVERPOOL, MARCM 10.—Wind ,
moderate.—Arrd.
Tynwald, Harmer, Mauritius. Sid. Leonore, Calcutta ;
Arabian, Hawkins, New Orleans; Shaw, Baltimore; John
Ravenal, New York; Gulnare, Newfoundland. Off port,
Alice, —.
WIHTEHAVEN, MARC a 9.—Wind N.N.E.—SId. Jane, Bal-
timore.
LIMERICK, MARCH 9.—Wind E.-7Sld. Clyde, Boston.
STOCKTON, MARCH 10.—Wind N.E.—Sld. Teesdale, Pam-
bceuf and Quebec.
CLYDE, MARCH 9. —Arrd. Orbit, Larkins, St. John's,
New Brunswick. Sid. James Campbell, Graham, Batavia;
James Hunt, Antigua ; Argyle, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia •
Madonna, Newfoundland; Eurydice, ditto; Miramichi, New
York.
HULL, MARCH 10. —Wind N.—Sld. Anne, Greenland ;
St. George, ditto.
BRISTOL, Daum 10.—Wind E.—Arrd. Amelia, Africa.
BELFAST, 111nucii 9.—Wind N.N.E.—Arrd. William Ken-
nedy, Martin, Philadelphia. Sld. Trinidad, Philadelphia.
CORK, MARCH 7.—The Jane Lowden, Dodd, from Mar-
seilles to this port, foundered in a gale on the 27th ult.' in lat.
48, lon. 10; crew saved, and brought here by tikie Feli;
Union.

OFF PENzAxcE.—John King, Martin Mauritius.
The Charlotte Harrison, Queen Pomare, New York
Packet, Henry Gardner, and Independence, all received
more or less damage in a heavy squall at New Orleans,
27th January.

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SECOND EDITION.