The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20 1841.

priests into the pay of the State is a sad mockery
of the national sufferings. It is, however, of a
piece with Sir H. PEEL'S attention to ventilating
the Houses of Parliament, and his attention to
the plan for the encouragement of the art of
painting some fifty thousand square feet of wall
by eminent artists, and with schemes for pro-
tecting the Greek Church in the East, or of
consecrating a Protestant Bishop of Jerusa-
lem, to which some of our Tory brethren devote
their columns. If Sir R. PEEL, Lord ALVAN-
LEY, the Times, and the Standard, can do no-
thing else to relieve the present distress than
paint walls, pay Catholic priests, and consecrate
Bishops, the sooner they stand out of the people's
way and allow them to save themselves the bet-
ter it will be for the nation.

We are glad to see several of our Contempo-
raries turning their attention to .the laws which
influence the growth of population in towns and
in the country. Without at present interfering
in the controversy which they have begun, we
wish to obserVe that the growth of population is
that great and single change in the material
world which accompanies civilization. An en-
larged philosophy teaches, we think, that every
moral change is accompanied by some physical
changes, and that all explanation of either moral
or physical phenomena, in the ultimate result,
consists only in referring the one or the other to the
correspOnding change in the other element which
accompanies it. On this theory, and on the fact
that the waxing and waning of population is the
great physical circumstance which, from the
beginning of time, has accompanied those moral
changes we call civilization or barbarism, we are
disposed to refer exclusively to the increase of
population as a test of the goodness of every
political contrivance.

It is, however, palpable, that, befbre the in-
fluence of a law can be made known by an in-
creased or lessened mortality, that many of the
people must have gone through all the sufferings
which human nature can bear. For them the
remedy of repealing a bad law comes too late,
and they are mart.) rs to the instruction
of future generations. Before premature death
overtakes a human being, he goes through great
misery, and, consequently, when great masses of
the people suffer, as at present—and great and loud
are their complaints—those circumstances must
be regarded as an infallible index to that partial
and premature destruction of the population,
which is the condemnation of the law. We can
see no other means but the suffering. and com-
plaints of the bulk of the people by which there
is the least chance of ascertaining the ultimate
effects of any institution. But, unfortunately for
the community, the voice of the people is not
listened to. It has not even a recognized organ ;
and those who should redress their grievances tell
them, in substance, that they do not know of
what they complain, that by and bye all will be
well, that food will be at some time or other
abundant, that England will grow more than
enough for her people, and that prosperity will
return. Yes, when they have been killed off.
Noble Lords, Right Hon. and Hon. Gentlemen,
who make up the Legislature, steadily and reso-
lutely close their ears to the complaints of the
people, while they as steadily and resolutely
hold fast by some crotchet or theory of their
own. To listen to those complaints and suffer-
ings, to take counsel of the condition of the
people, to comply with their requests, is said to
to constitute a weak Government; steadily and
unyieldingly to follow out a theory, be it what
it may, and refuse to yield to the people, is said
to constitute a strong Government.
What lesson does this teach ? It is clear that
the Government which will not listen to the
complaints of the people, which guides its con-
duct by some other principle than a deference to
their wants and wishes, is not constituted to pro-
mote their welfare, but to promote some other
object. It looks to national greatness or national
glory, and to this it sacrifices the solid happi-
ness of the great multitude.

At the same time national 'glory and true na-
tional greatness would be beat achieved by al-
lowing the population the utmost latitude of
growth, for the growth of population is the sign
of, if it be hot synonymous with, civilization.

We published yesterday a very curious cor-
respondence, addressed by the Rev. JOHN
FRERE, Rector of Cottenham, in the diocese of
Ely, to a parishioner, named NORMAN, on the
enormity of circulating a pamphlet, entitled
" A Tract for these Times ;" in which it was
stated, that the book of Common Prayer does
not agree wiLh the Bible. Shocked at the pro-
fanity of such an assertion, the pious Rector had
recourse to his diocesan, who directed NORMAN
to be excommunicated unless he publicly
avowed his guilt and repented him of his
wicked errors. But the charity of the good
Rector did not stop here. Ile took care to re-
mind the erring Mr. NORMAN that he would be
cited to appear in the Ecclesiastical Courts, and
that his excommunication would carry with it a
very fair allowance of costs. Now, excommu- •
nication is regarded by all pious Churchmen as
little better than a sentence of damnation ; it is
a handing over of one sheep to SATAN for the
benefit of the flock ; and yet, such is the rapa-
city of the clergy, that they charge as much for
pronouncing a sentence of reprobation as of sal-
vation. The Church has a toll-keeper at the
gates of Heaven, and of Perdition. Journey
which way we will, there is no escaping her
exactions. Put us in the path of salvation she
will not without money ; condemn us she will,
whether we choose it or not, and compel us to
pay for the torments to which she consigns us.
As we have not seen the tract circulated by Mr.
NORMAN, we cannot presume to pronounce any
general opinion of its contents ; but if there be
nothing worse in it than the words cited by the
Rector—and we suppose he made the case against
Mr. NORMA N as strong as he could—there is little
in it to which a good Protestant could take objec-
tion. That the Book of Common Prayer does
not agree with the Bible, has been again and
again admitted and deplored by some of the
most pious and learned divines of the Church of
England; and the Prelate, or Ecclesiastical
Court, that would dare to assert the contrary,
would merit being set up as a model of Gothic
ignorance.

The extraordinary conduct of the King of the
FRENCH with respect to Spain argues an infatua-
tion of mind little short of downright insanity.
No Frenchman in the possession of common
sense, and at all acquainted with the state of
public feeling in Spain, could entertain a project
so utterly preposterous as that of attempting to
compel the Spanish nation to give the hand of
the young QUEEN to any son of King LOUIS
PHILIPPE. No mind embued with Christian
feelings, and actuated by Christian principles;
could regard a civil war kindled to effect such a
purpose, otherwise than with the utmost abhor-
rence. And yet it is to realize this impossibility
that the King of the FRENCH has leagued him-
self with the worthless CHRISTINA in exciting a
rebellion in Spain. This is no longer denied by
his own journals, and is now well known both in
England and in Spain. There has been some
talk of the KING sending an Ambassador to
Spain to quiet the apprehensions of the Spanish
Minister at Paris. It would be nearer the truth
to say that the KING was disposed to send an
official spy to note any symptom of weakness on
the I:art of the Regent ESPARTERO, and to con-
trive the downfal of the Spanish Government in
the Spanish capital. Whoever the King of the
FRENCH may now send. to Madrid will be more
a spy. than an Ambassador, and blind indeed
'Would be the Governmentlumbug.o.l Spain could it be
deceived into a confidence of France by such a
piece of diplomatic
at theb eFt
irryeetei cnh tthei o nKapprovesd o thefc RutstiThlol.:
allTial
M NOZ, the do not believe. But placed, as tl•
KING is, at the head of
trolled by the of
presence the C'
the army, and
national power is wielded b-
IV'e .have little doubt

'~"'

'1,t14,1A

zarding a movement in Spain, has calculated to
a nicety the chances of a war between England
and the United States, and the
,probability of
France securing a clear stage for her operations
in the Peninsula. But it would have been a
wiser calculation had the King of tire FRENCH
rightly estimated the resistance which Spain '
alone might offer to his measures. Had he done
so he would have kept his forty thousand pounds
in his pocket, instead of wasting such a sum in a
most wicked attempt to revolutionize Spain.
Were the KING to prefer the interests of '
France, and the repose of Europe, to the pitiful
ambition of aggrandizing his own family, he
would carefully abstain from all intermeddling
with the affairs of Spain. That country has suf-
fered so much and so recently from French am-
bition, and busybodyism, that a wise and pru-
dent Prince would make it the constant study
of his reign never to appear to interfere in
the internal administration of Spain. Instead
of attempting to remove, he would exalt the
Pyrenees, by giving the world to understand that
on the side of France they were impassable.
But the prospect of family aggrandizement
blinds the otherwise accurate vision, of the CITIZEN
KING. Everything is lost sight of iii the dazzling
vista of fancy, at the end of which he discerns a
phantom Duke d'AUMALE ou the throne of Spain.
But were the KING'S confidence in ultimate suc-
cess twice as strong as it is, that would not justify,
before GOD or man, the atrocious means to which
he has resorted fur its accomplishment. Only
look fur one instant at a palace strewed with dead,
a city in ashes, thousands of men in arias
against the established Government, the scaffold
reeking with blood—and all this amount of crime
but the first plunge in the sea of atrocities upon
which one young man, already heir to all the
wealth of tire house of Co:sin, is to sail to a
conjugal participation of the regal honours of
Spain ! Is there a good mind which does not
involuntarily shrink from the bare imagination
of such a prospect? But it is still worse when
success is known to be impossible. France may
overrun Spain and bathe in the blood of her
people, but she cannot place a son of Louis
PHILIPPE. on the throne of ISABELLA. France
may augment an hundred-fold Spain's memory of
the deep wrongs she has sustained, but she can-
not, by forcible measures, bend the iron will of
the Spanish people. Of the chances of JOHN
BULL'S appearance one fine morning in the Pe-
ninsula, in the event of a French invasion, we
trust we shall have no occasion to speak. In the
meantime we desire to know what has become
of the pacific influence of M. GUIZOT in the
Cabinet? M. DUCHATEL is not ignorant of the
consequences of disturbing the repose of Spain to
an extent which would call for the interference
of England. Has his opinion no weight ? Does
the KiNG still continue everything and his
Mi-
nisters nothing but mere tuuls to bear the re-
sponsibilities of Royalty ?
What course our Tory Ministry may pursue,
we know nut; but it looks ominous to see their
accession to office seized upon as the most fitting
time for a revolution in Spain. CHRISTINA was
very quiet while Lord PALMERSTON WS in
office, but the instant he quitted it she began
plotting, in conjunction with LOUIS PHILIPPE,
the overthrow of the Spanish Government.

The Paris Journals ofkonday have all reached
us. The following telegraphic despatches, pub-
lished by the Illogiteur, contain the latest news
from Spain :

•
BAYONNE, OCT. 15.—Pampeluna has not capitulated.
Capt.-General Ayerbe arrived there on the morning of
the 12th, with two battalions of the 2d regiment of the
Guard, but with scarcely any of the officers. There exists
a kind of armistice between the town and the citadel.
O'Donnell left the citadel on the evening of the 12th, to
join Ortigosa with 1,500 men, and traversed Navarre to
induce it to rise. lie was to return to the citadel between
the 18th and 20th, guarded by the battalion which made
the movement, and-by 200 volunteers of Pampeluna.
"Oa the 11th, at Bergara, the Forel Deputation de-
creed an appeal to arms, and named Mon:erou Royal
Commissary of Guipuscoes
13atomm,"Cref: 18:= No news from Pampelnna.
The communications are intercepted by a band of Chris-
tines at Lanz. The customs soldiers of Lrdax have fled
into France.. No news or courier from Madrid."
Private letters from : the North of Spain state
• that the' people are iverywhere rising against the
Christino movement. ' • •

In Paris, on Monday, a telegraphic despatch
was received frbm. Bayonne, announcing the
capture of General DIEGO LEON, the Cilief of
the Madrid insurrection. The Count DE RE-
QUENA and Brigadier QUIROGA, taken at Alca-
rabaca, were concealed in a cart laden with hay.
The Duke of SAN CARLOS, who accompanied
them, succeeded in effecting his escape.
On Monday the Minister of Finance adjudged
the loan of 150 millions of francs to the houses of
ROTItSCHILD and HATTIINGUER. There was but
one tender, proposing to take the loan in the
Three per Cents. at 78f. 521 c. It was accepted,
though below the price anticipated by the Go-
vernment.

The Court of Cessation, on an application from the
law officers of the Crown at Toulouse, has directed that
eighteen persons, arrested for having participated in the
?ate disturbances in that town, shall be tried by the
Court of Assize fur the Hautes-Pyrenees, and that the
responsible editors of the Emancipation, Paliteire, and
Gazette da Languedoc, the Opposition papers of Tou-
louse, shall be tried by the Court of Assizes of the
Basees-Pyrenees.
A dealer in old clothes and his wife were arrested
the day before yesterday at the Barriere du Mont Par-
nasse, fur using seditious language against the King and
the Royal Family. They made a vigorous resistance
to the soldiers who were ordered to arrest them, and
they were afterwards confronted with Quenisset.
The Correctional Tribunal of Marseilles hae just con-
demned several individuals, accused of belonging to an
illegal political society, called Association de St. Just,
to various terms of imprisonment, from three to six
months, with fines from 50f. to 100 f. Other persons,
belonging to the same association, have been sent before
the tribunals of Avignon, Carpentras, and Aix.
The Administrators of the Public Library of Rouen
have directed that it shall be opened on Sunday morn-
ings from nine to twelve o'clock, in the hope that work-
men and others, who have only this morning in the week
free, will profit by it.
The Temps states that the greatest part of the jour-
neymen paper-stainers have continued the strike for
wages, and that most of the manufactories in this line
are at a stand. Their pay, it says, is on the average sf.
a-day, and some get as much as 7f.
The National states that M. Lagrange, who, as may
tlne
be remembered, was tried at Lyons fur a political offence
and placed subsequently under the surveillance of the
byaviwn•gh,oamiterhisa
fr.reusiidtleenssceappienal Paristo
was pro
b police,t
e , having,
iribuual
of the Seine against this decision, fixed upon Rouen
as his future place of residence, $!. short time ago
addressed a letter to the Minister of the Interior, an-
nouncing his intention of going Mulhausen, to see his
family, passing through Puri;,,' where he said his affairs
wouldyender it necessary ,fur him to a few drys,
giving his address in B'eris, but adding that he should
wait at Rouen long enough to enable the Minister to
issue an order, if Le pleased, to prevent his suing to
Paris, in which caee he said he should commence an
action against him,. No prohibition having been issued,
says the Natior4 M. Lagrange set off for Paris, but lie
had scarcely 'arrived when he was arrested, aed he is to
triedbe by the Tribunal of Correctional Police for rup-
ture of been.
The Courtier Francais contains a letter f'roin Syra, in
commenting upon the supposed intpntion of the
P?rte to bring Tunis directly within its power, at the in-
stigation, as the writer says, of England, the following
particulars are given of the trade of this part of Africa
with Europe :—" The imports and exports amounts to
18,000,000 f. annually, vie.—lmports, 8,000,000; Exports,
10,000,000. Of this amount France stands for 2,000,000
of imports and nearly 4,000,000 of exports, although she
has for competitors all the states of Italy, England,
Turkey, Spain, &c. Next to France Tuscany is the
country which carries on frost trade with Tunis, and
next to Tuscany, Sardinia; but these two. countries are
really, as regards the greater portion of the trace, only
a means employed by England to favour her own
commerce. As the sales at Tunis are upon long
credit, which may even be prolonged indefinitely, the
English Government, in order to favour its merchants,
has compelled the Bey of Tunis to allow Sardinia
and Tuscany to participate in the privileges which he
himself possesses. The London merchants, therefore,
fill the entrepots of Genoa and Leghorn with their
merchandise, which thee- sell to the merchants of those
places for ready money or short bills, and the latter
sell them to the Jews of Tunis, who even sell them some-
times at a loss, in order to procure ready money, with
which they carry on an extensive and lucrative trade.
France removed the difficulties which stood in the way
of the Sardinian and Tuscan merchants, note:ill'
ing the protection of England, when, kr.
generosity, Admiral de Rosainel
Bey of Tunis, in which 1
all foreigners te-
demande-'

__nand-
-,, tor Franco. Since en excess of
......ue a treaty w,ith the
..e inserted a clause, giving to
time of
tcommercelielrenc French st
trade
....46 partially declined in favour of the Italian States,
-d-i which are the triediutu of England, freights being Very
uncon- I low at Leghorn and Genoa."
Prince Metter ' .I)arrived at Vienna on the 10th inst.
~umbers, the f - r-:- Inc • 1
-,mesinfreeeedthoanti
Th. .ting-of if,r,over :dep. a grand rovie,, on t.),,, -,.
..r iliS ilidivid"i will. i inst., of all the troops assembled in and round the capital
&Rat his MA,msTv, in ha- i for the autumn manceuvrei. The Duke of Brunswick

• ;'•

was present,- After the evolutions, of the corps, which
terminated the mancetivres for the year, the detachments
returned to their respective garrisons.
The National of Nantes gives an account of a storm
which occurred a few days ago at Mouniers, on the
Clison road, during. which the lightning struck the mill
called La Pierre, singed the whiskers of the miller,
burnt the cheek of another man, and, it asserts, reduced
a baker who was with them in the mill to powder
The Veloce steamer is appointed to convey M. de
Bourqueney to Constantinople.
By a late decision of the Marshal Minister of War,
eleven superior officers of the Staff, Colonels, Lieut.-
Colonels, and Captains of Cavalry, are to set out on the
Ist of Nov. for Africa, where the Governor-General
will give thorn the command of plidesi the importance
of which will be in proportion to the rank of each officer.
These officers will not, however, cease to 'below to the
Staff.

It is affirmed that the disclosures made by Quenisset,
and several incidents which have been the consequence
of them, have rendered the affair of the lath of Sept.
very ccmplicated, and M. Bastard's report cannot be
ready before the end of the month.
The Presse says, that the convocation of the Chambers
was decided in Council on Friday, and that it is fixed
for the 23d of December.
It seems that at this time the Council must have been
held without the King's presiding, and that the Minister
of the Interior was not present at it, since the King
was at Fontainebleau, and all the Ministerial Journals
have stated that M. Duchatel did not return to Paris
till Saturday. Not that we could call in question the
information of the press.. Nobody is ignorant that the
Ministers are by no means in a hurry to meet the Cham-
bers, and the 23d of December is precisely the latest
date at which the Convocation can take place.—Le com-
merce.