The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-20 00:00:00

42 3.00

The prevailing gradient is 20 feet.
The whole length of planes graduated with this in-
cline is 32 miles 64.36 chains, being more than tl3roe-
fourths of the whole distance.
Three Summits—Mertham, 9 miles 24 chains Dal-
combe, 23 miles 28.64 chains ; Clayton, 27 miles.
The width of the embankments at top is 24 feet.
There are 99 bridges over and under the Railway, which
are built chiefly of brick, with stone dressings. The
stones used are partly obtained from the Heddon Quar-
ries near Newcastle-on -Tyne.
The arches of the Railway are in span 30 feet, in
thickness 5 rings, and 16 feet in height. Between the
parapets of bridges carrying the:Railway over the roads,
the clear width is 27 feet 10 inches, and I bricl.s in

. _
thickness.
Over the Ouse valley is the largest viaduct on the line.
462 yards long, and 60 feet high, with 37 arches. '7l:-
estimated cost of the three tunnels at Merstham, 11.11-
comb, and Clayton Hill is 150,0001.
Earthworks—The cuttings amount to 6,861,683 cubic
yards, or at the rate of upwards of 156,000 cubic yard:,
per mile.
In July 1839, according to Mr. Rastrick, there were
4,769 men and 570 horses engaged in the removal of
earth; in January 1840, there were 4,370 men and 695
horses employed, and five locomotive: engines; and in
July there were 6,206 men and 960 horses, besides
five locomotives.
The Merstham tunnel, north cutting, is the largest work
in this department, being nearly a million of cubic
yards, consisting principally of chalk.
The principal embankments are at Earl's Wood-com-
mon and Vale Pool, containing each about half a million
of cubic yards. The rails are four feet nine inches
apart, and are in lengths of 15 feet, weighing 761 b. to
the yard. Some are on Kyanised wooden sleepers, and
some upon stone blocks. Where blocks have been used
the patent felt is inserted between the chair and the
block. The cost per mile is about 39,009(
The Greenwich Railway, and the London and Croy-
don Railways, are at present used by the Brighton Rail-
way Company. The Brighton line commences at about-.
91 miles from London, and proceeds to the left of Croy-
don. Near the station is Addiscombe House, the Eas:,
India Company's Military Academy.
Croydon is distant about ton miles from London, con-
sists principally of a well-built street of a mile in length_
and is divided into the old and new town ; in the form(
is the Church, a spacious building, with a lofty embat-
tled tower, containing the remains and monuments
erected to the memory of Archbishops Sheldon, Wade,
Grindall, Whitgift, Potter, and Herring. The monu-
ment of Archbishop Sheldon is a fine piece of sculpture,
representing that prelate in his episcopal robes.
The remains of the Archiepiscopal mansion, said to
have been a Royal Palace erected soon after the Con-
quest, is well worthy the attention of the visitor.
Whitgift 's Hospital is a fine brick building, erected
by Archbishop Whitgift, in 1596, at an expense of 2,7001.,
and endowed for twenty eight poor brethren and sisters,
being parishioners of Croydon or Lambeth, and nomi-
nated by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The chapel in
the hospital contains a fine portrait of the founder.
Addiscome-place, near Croydon, which was purchased.
in 1809 of E. H. D. Radcliffe, Esq., was previously the
residence of the late Earl of Liverpool. The land con-
sisti of 63 acres freehold (including 5 acres purchased
in 1823), and 24 rent-hold. The present mansion is g
brick edifice, by W. Drdp-r, Esq. (the architect being
probably Vanburgh), in a fanciful style of architecture'
bordering upon the Elizabethan, and consists of a
basement, two state s'ories, and an attic. The
,walls and ceilings of the grand staircase and saloon
ire decorated with paintings by Sir James 'Thornhill,
from the heathen mythology, finished in a masterly man-
ter. The Collets' dining-hall is situated in those part.

if the building to the north of the mansion, and is a
;rand room, about 43 feet square, having windows on the
north and south sides, decorated with scagliola pilasters,
of the Corinthian order, and the centre part having co-
lumns and entablature supporting the roof, all in the
Grecian style. The mansion is an elegant residence,
and now in the occupation of Major-General Sir Ephraim
;tanners, C. 8., the Lieutenant-Governor of the Insditu-
Jon, who has assigned a portion as quarters far Lhe
;tall• captain, &c.

The character of the design of the east front, or public
!ntrance, is not so imposing as its extent of frontage•
night have admitted ; but the garden fro:lt, which is
.carcely seen, produces a more pleasing effect. Previous
o its conversion into a military seminary, the education.
4' the Company's cadets was conducted partly at tho
loyal Military College, Marlow, partly at the iloyal
Uilitary Academy, Woolwich, or in part privately.
The annual total expense of the seminary, upon an.
tverage of the six years ending Midsummer, 1835, may-
;e taken at about 20,0001., of which the Company's pro-
)ortion was between 11,000/. and 12,0001. The number
if cadets qualified during this period was—engineers,
,8, artillery, 80, infantry, 242. The age for admission
o the institution is from fourteen to eighteen, subject
lso to a preliminary examination in arithmetic and
.atin of the candidates, who are nominated by the mem-
ers of the Court of Directors, and by the President of
:card of Control. The cadets have temporary Co.'nmis-
ion, and the local rank as ensigns in her Alajosty's..
rmy, whilst doing duty at the establishment for lield
istruction.
Around Croydon are several fine seats and residences;
mongst which is Beddington Park, the ancient seat of
Carewes. Finally, Sir James Carewe entertained.
!ueen Elizabeth during her progresses at this seat, and
ere the first orange trees were raised in England, from
ips supplied by Sir Walter Raleigh, the brother-in-law
f Carewe.

The next station is the Stoat's Nest, and through
'e chalk hill of Merstharn, through which a tunnel is cut.
1. short distance from Red-hill is the junction of the
oath Eastern Railway. There is another tunnel at BaT-
o ►mbe. A third tunnel near Wiversfield ; a fourth
t Clayton ; and the short tunnel entering 137ighton.
Tear one of the stations is Gatton Inn, famous as being
❑e of the old rotten boroughs. Before the passing of the
reform Bill it returned two Members to Parliament.
.'he franchise was given in the reign of Henry VI..
fltton Park, one quarter of a mile from the line, is a.
xyfine place. The approach to the house from the
page on the summit of the Reigate is most beauti-
►l. The grounds are well laid out, the lake, forty acres in
:tent, is tastefully embellished by, two small well-
!anted islands ; the water abounds in wild fowl. A 'Rae

irther is Reigate, a neat town, standing. on the
!lac. The church contains some very fine monuments:
he entrance to the station at Brighton is a very fine
ructure; indeed throughout the line Mr. Rastrick has
scouted his work with a masterly hand, and we enter-
tin no doubt that the Railway will be the means of
!creasing the property of the town, and that its progress
ill be onward, as it has hitherto been. The
!creased value of property may be estimated when
e find that Ml. Kemp claimed 34,0001. for
acres 4 roods of land required by the Railway
any, and 10,0001. for compensation for damages, and
:lit the jury awarded him 10,000/. for land, and 2,950f1
a. compensation for damages. The Shoreham brace
as opened to the public on the 12th of may, 184% and
ost 148,0001. Com:

SINGULAR REFLUX IN THE SEA.--SULlday
tit was a misty dark day, with wind S.S.W. to S.
\bout roon the low growl of distant thunder was heard,
ad the wind lulled, which rendered the fog more dense.
Kilmore, 10 miles south of this town, and directly
.pposite the Saltee Islands, the attention of the inha-
ttants was attracted about :noontime to a number of
port, loud, but rather smothered reports, like cannons,
nd it was supposed that they proceeded from some shin
ewildered by the fog. The tido had flowed.pretty well
.t the time, and the fishing-boats in the pier were all
float, when in the space of two or three minutes the
...ater receded from the pier, and some walked d ryshod
vhere that short space before the boats had been floating
s o
extraordinary
rolls commotion.
of
thunder,
t five or six feet water. In the course of five minutes
he waters began to return much in the same way as
tey had receded,ed, and the tide continued to rise for the
'.alsuy an increasednitine.T surf.
here was
no
After repeated
nd some heavy showers, the sky cleared.up. It is the
generally that this singular motion was effectthe
:4* an earthquake, whose shocks have of late been
fre-
%uently- experienced in the north of S 1
cot and.—Wexford
; .'onservative.

THE MONARCHICAL EFFIGIES OF THE
'.ATE ROYAL EXCIIANC;E.—The stone figures which
trznerly stood in the niches of the walls of the Royai
Exchange, and which so much attracted the notice of
treigners who were in the habit of frequenting that
I,uilding for the purpose of transacting their mercantile
I:egotiations, are now lying in a dilapidated and neglected
tate on the premises of a statuary and mason in the
Vauxhall-road. The heads are detached from the
tigures, and the limbs of most of the latter are broken,
nd were it not for the costumes, which alone distinguish
:tem, they would not be recognized as being
what they
(,nce were, excellent models of the likenesses- and cos-
t wiles worn by the Kings and Queens of England, from
the time of the Conquest up to the reign of George IV.
The General Steam Navigation Company's
Packet,: the Columbine, w. Norwood, from Rotterdam,
arrived off tlw Custom-house yesterday- with the Dutch

rEN G SUN

THE CORN LAWSe
MOVEMENT IN GLASGOW.

GLASGOW, TriuRSDA EvEzitvG.—Thera;sittled and
unsatisfactory state of commercial affairs in this large
manufacturing community, in consequence of the deter-
mination of the Tory party by every means in their
power to stifle all inquiry into the injurious effects of
the Corn and Provision laws, has at length roused the
mercantile and manufacturing classes from their apathy.
Sir Robert Peel must no longer delay a full discussion
in Parliament of these important questions. To-day, a
xequisition to the Lord Provost has been laid down for
:signature at the Royal Exchange, and in a few hours
has received the signatures of the most respectable and
influential mercantile and manufacturing firms in the
city. Indeed, no requisition presented to the merchants
and manufacturers of Glasgow was ever so readily and
promptly signed as this one has been. Instead of keep-
ing the requisition open for signatures for several days,
as is usually the case, the present one has met with such
a hearty respouse that it will be presented to the Lord
Provost to-morrow ; who, it is understood, will call the
meeting for this day week. The following is a copy of
the requisition :

" We respectfully request that your Lordship will
ba,;e the goodness to call a meeting of the Parliamentary
(*.lectors of the city of Glasgow upon an early day for
the purpose of considering the very distressed state of
the country and the alarming prospects of the ensuing
\inter, and of memorialising the Queen, praying her
ilaesty not to prorogue the two Houses of Parliament
-until they have entered upon a full consideration of the
Corn and Provision-laws, which, in the opinion of the
requisitionists, are the main causes of the existing suf-
ferings of the people."
There can be no doubt that the business classes in
this city now look to a repeal of these laws as the only
means of keeping their factories open, and retaining their
present position in society. I need not enlarge, neither
need I again detail to you the distressing state of trade
in this city, and this densely-populated manufacturing
district. Every person feels the pressure, less or more,
and every person is anxious for a remedy, and that re-
medy; they now clearly see is a repeal of the Corn and
Pry, ision- laws.