The Sun.
London, England, 1823-11-21 00:00:00

Chancery to the extent of 65,000/.; and two
eminent speculators purchased in the latter part
of the day between 1 and 200,000/.Consols. Not-
withitanding these immense amounts the prices
continued steady, and at the close of business were
831 An Express arrived at a late hour in the
afternoon with accounts from Paris of Tuesday,
on which day the Rentes closed nearly the same
as on Monday, viz, 89.25. 30.; Spanish Bonds
27H. The Papers are barren of any intelli.
Bence.--Spanish Bonds in our market have, in
common with the other Foreign Funds, been
nearly stationary—they closed yesterday at 261.

[MOILNING rm.]
The Writer in the Eiening Paper to which we
alluded on Wednesday, hi our article respecting
Mr. Justice Bayley's recent Charge, has replied
to that article; but as he has not touched any
one of the authorities we adduced in support of
our opinion, or offered any thing but a reasser-
tion of his own, we shall certainly not gratify
Mn by continuing the discussion. The case be-
tween us is shortly this :—We defended the
Judge's Charge ; and asserted the legal right
of the Judges to forbid the publication of
proceedings in their Courts. This Gentleman de-
nied the legal right ; and gave his denial in the
most confident terms. We then proved the
right, as much as any Common Law right can be
proved, by reference to ancient custom and prac-
tice. He now does not atterript to controvert any
of the authorities we adduced; but he attempts
to get rid of them by saying that " the practice
of the Courts does not prove what ought to be
the practice ;" and he calls the Judges who have
acted in opposition to his opinion 44 a few arro-
gant men." This writer ought to know, that
Trial by Jury, the punishment of many of the
graver offences in our criminal code, and many
of our Constitutional rights, have their best and
only authority in practice and ancient custom ;
and that it is this practice and ancient custom to
which reference is, and always has been, made in
answer to the fanciful improvements which are
suggested by the half-learned. As for the charge
of " arrogance" which he brings against Lord
Hardwicke and the rest of our Judges who have
exercised the right in question, we do not think
it necessary to answer it, and shall leave this
Gentleman himself to the enjoyment of his own
diffidence ; only observing that the best of our
Judges have always been prepared for as-
persion by the illiberal, as well as by
the guilty whom it is their duty to
punish. lic is perfectly welcome to asperse
them ; but, before he again ventures to accuse
them of acting contrary to Law, he will do well
to give a little attention to ,the Law himself. A
very moderate knowledge of it may convince him
that even his own native wisdom will not suffer
by an acquaintance with the legal knowledge of
such men as Lord Hardwicke, though he should
still think that that knowledge was unfortunately
accompanied by " arrogance."

teerrein eitess.l
The system now pursuing in Spain, and the I
late atrocious u r that. has stained its capital,
is likely soon to recoil on the tyrant and
his partisans. Letters from Gibraltar to the
3d of this month state that every thing in that
country bespeaks a gathering storm. The
whole middle class of society look on themselves
as proscribed, and consider a recourse to arms
as the sole defence of their lives and property.--
universtahorror was excited by Riego's murder;
the respectable classes were every where putting
on deep mourning, and those of the poorer
order, who could not afford that testimony of
respect to the murdered Patriot, got strips of
black cloth, and bound them round their arms.
Where such feelings as these exist, the tyrant will
not sleep in peace. The dark cloud is fast col-
lecting that will burst in thunder on him, and,
like the Jewish Monarch, he will yet need his
chariot and horses to escape from the violence of
the tempest. Sir Robert. Wilson has arrived
in town, and though of course, still suffering
much from past fatigue, illness, and anxiety, the
health of this gallant officer, we are happy to
say, is improved. If what we have heard be
true, the occupation of Spain by the French
troops is not likely to be merely temporary ; nor
do they dissemble their intentions : the French
Officers in Cadiz publicly declare that France
wilt retain possession, of that city and its de-
fences so long as Gibraltar remains in our hands.
This is only a part of the golden proipect that
awaits our wretched apathy during the late
contest.' The prosperous future, every day dis-
closing itself, is still to come.---Castaing has
been found guilty in Paris by a majority of
his Jury, seven to five, of poisoning Aug'ustus
Ballet, and making away nith the will of
the deceased. The Jury acquitted him of the
death of nypollite Ballet. The wretched pri-
soner, in broken sentences? protested his inno-
cence, and talked of meeting In another world
his murdered friends. He added, in a faint
voice, 46 My'death is wished for, and you have
it." While the Court deliberated on his fate,
Castaing turned to his Advocate with the look
and gestures of a man that was deranged,
" Roussel," said he, " come near me ; I am in-
nocent; embrace me for my father, mother, bro-
thers, and my child." Then turning to the audi-
tory, he called on them to he present at his exe-
cution. His firmness, he said, would not desert
him, and a speedy death was the only favour he
sought ; mercy, he added, he would disdain to
look for. Castaing was subsequently con-
derailed to be executed, and also further con-
demned in a hundred thousand francs damages
and interest to the 'party injured. He was then
more calm, and heard his final doom in silenca.
The Journal des Minds states positively, what
was mentioned before, that Slivery had written
to the King, protesting his innocence of the
murder of the Duke d'Enghien, and requesting
a trial In the Chamber of Peers. The King, it
is added, positively refused his request, on the
principle of a salutary oblivion of the past,
grounded on .the Charter. Talleyrand seems to
have triumphed completely on this occasion : on
Sunday he presented him,vif et Court, and the
King addressed him markedly, assuring him thlit
both he and his friends might appear there with-

out fearing any reflections. Thus it appears,i
the star of Talleyrand, for the present, has tri-
umphed. The French Papers are destitute of
every thing like political information, they are
wholly taken up with Castaing's trial and con-
viction.

A it S O N.

TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF DRAYTON FARM.
PORTSMOVTII, NOY. 3.9.—Last night, about
half-past nine, a most destructive fire was dile
covered et Drayton Farm, near Cosham, abou.
five miles from hence, the property of W. PADI
WICK, jilt]. Esq. Expresses were immediately
dispatched to the neighbouring towns for engines
and assistance, which was promptly afforded by
the respective public departments of this gar-
rison and the inhabitants. The first engine
that reached the farm was from Tipper ; then
followed the Portsmouth town engine, en.:
gines from the Royal Engineer Department,
Royal Marines, &c.; but ere this assistance could
arrive the fire had assumed so alarming a feature,
that all attention was directed to two or three
stacks that had not yet taken fire : these were
ultimately obliged to be taken to pieces, and the
sheaves carried by hand to the neighbouring
fields. To accomplish this object, Officers of
both services, private soldiers, and citizens, were
seen vying who , should render most aid. The
fire now had assumed a most awful and terrific
aspect ; four large ricks were raging in the yard ;
cow-houses, brick stabling, out-houses, &c. had
been completely destroyed, and the devastation
of the
.whole farm, saving the ricks above men-
tioned and the farm house, was inevitable.—
Every exertion was uow made to save this
little remnant of a valuable property ; this
was not accomplished till near six o'clock, after
incredible exertions during the whole night.—
The property destroyed falls little short of four
thousand pounds, scarce two thousand pounds
of which is insured. The greatest praise is cer-
tainly due to those who conducted,. and to
those who bore the arduous fatigue of dragging
the engines for about five miles, and. we' could
not but feel gratified (though under the greatest
alarm as to the extent of the fire) to hear the
continued cheering of the different services, in
alternately overtaking and passing each other's
engines on the road, going at double quick-
time nearly the whOleof the way. At.the fire we
particularly noticed the daring intrepidity of
Captains Smith and Kelson of the Engineers,
and Captain Thomas of the Navy ;.these Gentler
men, with many other officers and citizens,
were actively employed in directing and
using the engines and fire-hooks, amidst the
great and tottering masses of solid fire, which
at every step surrounded them. We sin-
cerely lament the loss the proprietor, must
have sustained, but we feel assured he must
have felt some alleviation at the prompt assist-
ance rendered him from all parts of the country
_distance seerped to be of little consequence,
all were eager to arrive with their aid. We
must not omit to mention the early arrival of a
detachment of armed troops from Tipner, who
formed a guard to protect the secured property,
nor the facility with which the sheaves were
removed from the
,stacks by the provident
arrival of the Royal Engineer fire-waggon,
with hooks, ladders, &c. The Engineers
used these implements with the most deter-
mined coolness ; indeed, great praise, is due to
all. Ono of the destroyed ricks contained QOO
quarters.—We have now the additional painful
task of recordings that the above fire was 'caused
by an incendiary. The particulars that we have
learnt are, that the Bailiff of the farm had ob-
jected to a pauper, of the name of James God-
win, sleeping in one of the out-houses ; de-
siring him to go to the poor-house at Widley,
a short distance, where he had apartments with
others of his family., A pauper in an adjoining
room heard him' come to.the; house a few hours
before dark, and; in a conversation with his
mother, say, " that he would be dumn'd if he
would not set fire to• the farm, either on that
night or the next ;" he than heard him ask for a
tinder-box, and distinctly heard the striking of
the steel, as if for, the purpose of trying it. At
dark he was seen near the farm with a light,
partially concealed under .his jacket ; added 'to
this, it was ascertained that he did not return to
the poor-house till nearly six o'clock the next
morning : under these circumstances he was im-
mediately apprehended, and brought down
,to
Mr. G. A. Callaway's office, the' Clerk to the
County Magistrates, and underwent an examina-
tion before E. B. Arnaud, Esq. one of the County
Magistrates, when headmitted that he went to the
cow-house and lighted a stick which he had in his
hand, with a view of frightening the bailiff, but
that some sparks falling on, the litter it caught
fire, and being much alarmed, he ran away,
stud hid himself i* a neighbouring field. A
number of depositions were taken, when he was,
remanded to Gosport Bridewell till Saturday
next, when he will undergo another exam'-
nation.--Since the above, we learn that a
younger brother of God win hasbeen apprehended.
Godwin is rather a silly looking fellow, about 30
years of age. He has suffered imprisonment in
Winchester Jail for robbing the poor-house in
which he was maintained. Mr. Padwick's per-
sonal dwelling-house was nearly a mile front the
'arm.

ANECDOTE OS CAPTAIN PAttrtY.---Mrs. TOT!.
nYcE was particularly intimate with the late Dr. PAttuY and
his family, and used to relate, with conscious delight, an
anecdote of the present enterpri.,ing navigator, Captain PA nn Y.
When a child, he had accompanied some of fhe females of
his family in a morning visit ; and to amuse himi she or-
dered a servant to take him to, a, rortking-liorse which she
instead i happenedof toa
I,e have.idn g
.Th ho r
se
eb: boy
e ws continuedand_ntluolr
ni
nvitene
dray
itqa curriooe,usit,:,nNdonaoona
nte,de,:rr
ed:'eraasontruirtiltniniagdi:
he might be at some mischief, they, took a peep at him ;
rweplieuend,
globe which stood in the room
with all his little might. " 'l".ou rogue," said Mrs. Fordyce,
;w:
11711 what
ruaortueinlyponauns
says
oyriosnatin ?di s
dt that
illie
ii s c
o worldnot
m ea; t
oha
not
irdlseeh.
ee'
p'r—ea
of 1 t . ,
...... _ 4 ,
you may go round and round, and never come to the end of
it, because it has no end." The boy stood mute for an instant,
then hallooing out, " I'm off, Again ; and if it has no end, I'll
go as far as I can."—" If that boy byes, said Mrs. Fordyce,
in the true spirit of her
knfinovrietltilege.spini 'riit'lloYfillingynesorntigYa'tia:tdaLlt
would seem In prorphecy, " he will belt attilorand a navigator ,•
and come to great honour;
enterprise shines in him already.

INSTALLATION OF DR. CIIALMERS,
IN THE UNIVERSITY 01? ST. ANDREW'S.

[From the Edinburgh Star.]
On Thursday forenoon Dr. CuALmints ac-
companied by James Ewing, James Dennistoun, Charles
Parker, and Robert Dalgleish, Esqs., from Glasgow, arrived
at Kirkcaldy, where they spent the afternoon, and on Friday,
morning proceeded to St. Andrew's, accompanied by Provost
Fergus, and arrived at the Black Bull Inn precisely at twelve,
o'clock, when they were immediately waited upon by the Prirk
cipal of the University. •
.At one o'clock the party proceeded to the robing-room of the
.College, where the professors were assembled, and soon there-
after the Very Reverend the Principal and Professors went in
solemn procession, preceded by their maters, to the University
Hall, where Dr. Chalmers's induction was to take place. The
Doctor, we observed, was among the last in the procession, but
as soon as he carne within the view of the numerous group of
students who were assembled in the yard, the longing eyes of
the multitude were eagerly fixed upon him with feelings of
deep interest, and every expression of deference and respect
was instantly manifested.
The Very Reverend. Principal having taken the Chair, the
Professors arranged themselves on his right and left, while Dr.
Chaliners stood in the centre: After the usual forms observed
at the induction of Professors which were a prayer, address, and
reading of the laws, all in Latin, the presentation of a book,
and the administering of the oath clef:deli, the Reverend Doc-
tor was declared legally and solemnly installed into the Moral
Philosophy Chair of St. Andrew's. The Doctor seemed to be
much affected during the whole of the ceremonies ; and we
could not but particularly observe, that when the Janitor was
in the net of putting on his gown, his countenance assumed an
expression of intense seriousness and deep concern.
After the business of the day hail been closed, and the bene-
diction pronounced, 'Dr. Chalmers was cordially congratulated
on his accession to his important office by his friends and the
Professors, who then retired in the same order as they had en-
tered ; and it was remarked, that when Dr. Chalmers made his
appearance, all, with one simultaneous feeling, stood uncovered,
out of respect to their eminent Professor.

INTRODUCTORY LF.CTURE.
Agreeably to the wish of Dr. Chalmers, this lecture was de
livered on Saturday, though it had been previously advertised
for Monday. :The shortness of the notice of the alteration, how.
ever, did not prevent a concourse of persons from assembling
long befbre the hour of lecture. The Parliament-hall, in St.
Mary's College, was the place fixed for the delivery of the
lecture ; and as soon as the doors were open, which was not
,until eleven o'clock, Dr. Chalmers, accompanied by Principal
Nicol and the other Professors, came over from St. Salvador.—
These Gentlemen, with much difficulty, pressed their way
through the crowd, and then followed an instantaneous rush
into the hall. In two minutes it was crowded to excess, and as
soon as silence was restored, Dr. Chalmers commenced his
lecture somewhat to the following effect :
" 'Were it a course of lectures on the philosophy of, matter
that I was required to deliver from this chair, I could ex.
pect, at the end of the session, to have given but a mere out-
line of this science, and that the whole would prove but a feeble
and insipid digest, and as heartless and uninteresting as the
categories of our schoolinen. The numerous and varied topics
which this science embraces could not possibly be brought
within the limits of one Professorship. ,He might indeed
grasp at them, but it were altogether Impracticable that he
would be able .to plod his way successfully through theme "Ale
would just ken them as minutely, and comprehend them as
clearly, as on a station of the moon he could discern the di.
versified objects which teem on the surface of the globe, andthe
as
svarniefcsietsedsa
necessary as
alien eary
subdivision
the ordinary
oermdinbealrliyeliseird It is
a.of.
trade, U S
t
for it would be too unwieldy for one agent to embrace the
whole ; and he should be glad to find that the philosophy of
matter .Would speedily be broken down, anti
.parcelled into
separate Professorships. Ile understood that in Paris—that
great mart for the luxuries of literature and the refinements of
life—there were no less than ten separate courses for Natural
Philosophy, six for chymistry, and .sixteen in the medical
department. Were that the case in this country.; and were
each never to cast one regard beyond the territory of his
own profession,. but continue to travel his way into all the
elements of his separate occupation, and bring down his
thniights to bear Upon it, it would be found that all the
enees verged to one great and harmonious result—that there
was a unity and hearing to that . mighty throng by which they
were suspended, as the elements of "chymistry graduallY passed
into the elements of its natural philosophy. No one, how-
evei high his attainments, should be allowed to stalk in
proud philosophy, to make inroads upon others, and by this
heterogeneous mixture,of topics, .to envelope it hi labyrinths of
metaphysical obscurity, out,of which it cannot speedily be ex-
tricated, and which have no other tendency than to perplex the
mind, and to place greater barriers in the way of a free
and full development .of truth.' Philosophy: ought not, 'as
it has too often been made to minister to the pride of our
understanding, instead of. ministering to our piety. Newton,
the most sublime, and the greatest of OUT champions, who had
investigated the laws' of nature up to nature's God, and who,
after having made discoveries which were far beyond the ken
or the intellect of others, to execute, declared, in the genuine
spirit of true modesty, that after all he knew nothingyafidthat
whathe did know; tended more to raise: his admiration of the
great Architect of nature, and to inspire his mind with devout
feelings of the harmony and beatitude that appeared in his
works. 'rho suggestion of the term '4- morel" has led to the
significant denomination of Moral Philosophy.. but it is now
wily a counterpart of that, philosophy which has taken cog-
nizance of, and made violent usurpation of ethical science. ' The
strict and appropriate hniiness of our class is the philosophy of
morals. To the days of Hutcheson and Smith, it was confined
Within the lithits of its primary elements ; but since the days
•Of Hume, its barriers have been broken down, and there have
been diffused over it the science of metaphysics, which has
been eltogether foreign. to its object; and it would assuredly,
ere this time, have altogether languished and expired, were
it not' for the zealous and vigorous supporters it found in the
well-cultivated minds of a Reid and a Beattie, who, by the ex-
tent of their acquirements' and the force of their reasonings,
soon rebuked into silence all the petulance of the philosophic
infidel ; and it would not certainly have again returned into its
tlegratled state, had .it not been, reserved for a Brown and a •
Stewart to cancel it from our Universities. On every topic that,
Volition is concerned in, it is duty, and the will and the under.
standing have- a reciprocal action on each other—right volition
must be preceded by, right views. Wordi and integrity of heart,
as Dr. Campbell observes, sharpen. our discernment, and, as
Allison properly remarki in his Essay on Taste, that lovelineas
might be resolved into.a moral feeling,: anti that virtue is_ the
object of a tasteful as well as of a morel contemplation, which
enable us to prObe an instructive wav through 'the ment
-arcane 'of our moray nature. : Moral philosophy is not mental.'
Its legitimate province:belongs to what man morally is, and of
What Man ought morally to he. , It is the philesophy of duty.
—lt treads on the pre-anent-of theolOgy. It stands; indeed, at
'a distance from it, butit leads from' a given point to the t<lople'
of sacredness. Its direct object is the.moral using of out moral
nature. .As. a Professor or Natural History, who restricts hint.
self to the science of Conehology, in the scholarship of shell*,.
so Must the moral philosopher treat of man in his best estate ;
and will this
.be called an uninteresting study, which relates
to the temporal Happiness of our species—which elevates
man above-the lower creation—assimilates him in moral ex-
tetatwwhhien:lhheiecinsiej
ecientictr
lietiwtiewh.alnt
iitchfh,ieenal:itfgenvietgligeceneasi of a higher order, and which would even turn
they
degenerate
ordeeat itaenr,
deembbmp
opeei
into:rc
yneco cixryi
oac
iiranauyt,
osat
te,paradise?dirt of 3cing onfined
course
viorhtmeepaeoisn,i
Ifueiocdnpr e
ciit
purity of
mic Philosophy, of which they are so much enamoured, and to
which they had probably been Icing accustomed.. But they
ay
nanwenT )d
Iteewi
rnieassuredbe
is o
srepletetfgheaaarut thewat tF tits
ewqt tetel
ry courseiat:
shalloi ut
al Ist'
ebotchtn.iehw.des'btuauorbtet'aimlwte9euascneasdhanoatiticdracenhnoinuvu:est-s,'
y
opf4itihoseomphlyodyi.
hic‘hirieoo know indeed
klanntedat
duty
yt
thtihnerg
ethttaluidsisdanaiynri -4;1-
to treat on subjects that will call into exercise every energy
,i,bnddoeretia:nidaersdLei:laso,;fabentua,b_tetartidiaeriliiCt
ehrirce:oanost.if
wiihh
jilcosoh iw:ohuyidanbdligtrhute:oorriu;
ferenee to the Christian revelation. Moral philosophy is t
Christianity, but it
mindthati,pity,t
nfraadti e.i,iienntptfilecy:teinsittnshb.eu spirite imbued
of
_inquiry sound
tianity lies- clear before his prospect; and it is only' hen the
ita°:l4l:3l
supporters,
ont holdr3°l: ne
literature, and men of the mestgigantie
fronted with the mows ef ,a Newton
g :Moyle, a Bacon, and
a Locke, they sink into mere insignificance and nothing.
I have beeust now landed frOM a hurricane of business
upon the shore J penetration. No one fe I more than I do
the momentous nature of the. duties in wh'A v. to
.be en-
gaged, and the cloae attention they will require,
might have expected that after quitting indeed,
important office, I ahould have allotted e an
in)-
studY, preparators: to enterin upon considerable time to
certainly be serry,lttlitiemena no,: one ; and I should
ny want of previous preparaticm
should incopacnate roe from Is
mannerin which they might to
oigeenntending your studies in the
onducted. But lam ofopinion
that juvenile minds in the.r
made Acquainted with tee'eTe rycitic !nate, can be more readily
pity, by addressing theral mente . and .principles of Philo-
n ..a colloquial tnanner, than by
(1.0141 and elaborate orations;
Vona' and conversithmal ,arid thus by adopting a qUes-
shall be able to render Pr.oCess of' tuition, we think that we-
Ltd than by those our instructions, more permanently use.
flights of oration "Which merely lull the
that
iypin ail