The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-08 00:00:00

Deduct experts from 25th:thy, 1344, to the 17th
August, 1841

pired, although it is supposed, perhaps with good reason, that
they contain a ('errand for a further instalment of the tri-
bute. Be this as it may, the Pacha yesterday negotiated a
loan against his produce for 250,0,00 dollars, and the Nile
leaves again to-morrow with bills to this amount on ac-
count d the tribute. On her next return, it is said the
Nile will positively bring Seid Pacha and his suite here.
The Egyptian news is rather uninteresting. There are vague
reports of robberies having been committed in the Sues desert,
and of about BCO irregular cavalry having been sent there
against the Bedouins, but I have not been able to ascertain the
truth of these rumours. Mr. \Valne, the English Consul at
Cairo, has been told that it will be necessary to provide a guard
for the transit of the India mails.

Address of her Britannic's Majesty's Consul- General, I
Colonel Barrett, to his Highness Mehemet Ali, Paella of
Egypt
' Highness—Sent by her Britannic Majesty to Egypt lusher
Consul-General, to protect the British residents in your
country, and watch over their interests, I have pleasure
in believing that on every occasion I shall find his
Highness ready to listen to their well-grounded com-
plaints, and to do them justice. His Highness must be
convinced, that it is as much the desire as it is the
interest of Great Britain to see Egypt peaceable and flourish-
ing; that the important commercial relations which have ex-
isted for so long a time between the two countries be confi-
rmed on a fair and equitable basis, without exclusive favours
being. granted to any one, but that each may carry on his coin •
mercial pursuits in strict conformity with the laws of the em-
pire, and the treaties eiiiitieg between the Sublime Porte and
the Government of her Britannic Majesty."
The Pacha.'s reply :
" Sir—lt has ever been the object of my particular care
and attention to guarantee the person; resident in Egypt, and
their interests, as well as those travelling through the country,
from all harm. I have at least the satisfaction of observing that
public opinion does me justice in this respect, and I shall riot
cease in my efforts to preserve it. The continuance of the
good understanding established between Great Britain
and the Sublime Porte, will be, as far as I am
concerned, the object of my solicitude. I observe
the advantages of liberty of commerce, consecrated by existing
treaties. I cannot but admit that the numerous testimonials,
attesting the good thrived, are to me sufficient evidence. Im-
perious circumstances alone have forced me to establish and main-
tain monepolies. 1 could prove the necessity which has forced
me to adopt such a system, but this is neither the time nor
place to enter into details on the subject. I shall confine
myse'f to observing that the system under which a country
has for a long time been governed cannot be hastily changed,
without causing that ceuntry to experience the most alarming
shock ; and you will agree with me, I trust, that in such case
one must act cautiously, in order that, by progressive manage-
ment, such a change may be effected. My only desire, my
lonly thought at present, is to provide for the amelioration of
the internal government of Fgypt, and I am convinced that
the result (not far distant) of my efforts will cause my acts to
be fully approved."

TURKEY.
CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 14.
(From the Manzari Shark.)

Resehid Pacha, who it was thought would have repaired to
Paris by way of Malta and Marseilles, is to start on Monday
next, via the Danube. His Excellency will be accompanied
by two of his sous, as also by Nedim Effendi, Secretary of
Embassy, and Bahir Effendi, second Secretary, and a few
servants.

The Nile steamer left this port on the 10th for Alexandria,
and on her return from thence Said Pacha and Semi Pacha
will embark on board her, and :ake their departure for Egpt.
It is said that the object of her present trip in that direction is
to bring a considerable sum of money, which Mehemet Ali
Pacha is desirous of paying to thy Pert° previous to the with-
drawal of his son from Constantinople.
M. Cataeasi, Russian Minister at the Court of Athens, be-
sides paying visits to the Ministers, had on Sunday lest the
honour of an audience of the Sultan, who received him with
distinction. Last week, he and his friends went through the
mosques palaces, &c. On Sunday evening M. Titoff, the
Russian Charge d'Affaires, gave a soiree utusicule in honour
cf Catacasi.

19,6294

Stock, Chests 6,597
COFTEE.—We have hesrd of the following trans-
actions :-
475 bags Mocha aßs 11 6 0 per maund.
500 ... Berbera
600 mds Mocha (ungarbled) a 16 10 0
Wool.—There is scarcely any here, and our prices
are nominal.

FREIGHTS.
Freights, which had declined considerably at the date
of our last number, began to look up in the early part of
August, and we may now
quota them as follows :
To London, 41. to 41 5.
To Liverpool, 31. 15a to 41.
There is no ship on the berth for the Clyde, and the
freight to China is nominal.
THE MONEY MARKET.
There has been some little improvement in the price
of the paper of the different Government loans
stic
i e-
last issue. The Five per Cent. Transfer is our
at 108
a 108. The second Five per Cent. Loan at par to
cent. premium, the per
remium, and our
has taken latrlCvhenict
seemsi to re-
per
Loan at 90.
Nothing, howaver, P
quire particular notice.
EXCIIAN CE.— 0n London (six months' sight).—
-
Transactions have been extensive, at rates varying from
2s. old. to 2s. Old. A good many bills have been sold
at 2s. which may be quoted
0 d
during the past week,
as the present rate.
On London (at thirty days' sight).-Is. 114 d. to
Is. we may quote as the rate for thirty days bills.
On Ca'leutta (at sixty days).-99 to 99f.
On Madras.-100. 14 aanas.
Uri China.—There is nothing of importance at present
doing.

The Capudan Pacha arrived here on Friday morning last in
the Sultan's Iteautiful steam-yacht Messiri Bahri. Ile was in-
vi.ed 'o the Imperial Palace, and had an audience of the Sta-
tor, who showed his Excellency narked kindness. After the
vealamlik ( Friday's visit of the Sultan to the Mosque, in state),
Tahir Facha repaired to the Sublime Porte and had a long ia-
terview with the Grand Vizier. We subsequently had many
reports concerning changes of the Ministry, but they were
merely the revival of all stories, "twice told tales."
Lady Ponsonby has been seriously indisposed, and having
been thrice bled, she is still weak, though fast recovering.
This retains Lord Ponsonby here, or he might already have left
Constantinople.
MALTA, SEPT. 28.

SHIPS ix PORT.—Powerful, 84 (bearing the flag of Rear-
Admiral Sir J. Ommanney, (K.C.8.) Ceylon, 64(bearing the
flag of Rear-Admiral Sir John Louis, Bart.), Hastings, 72,
Tyne, 26, steam-frigates, Gorgon, Vesuvius, and Stromboli,
steam-packets Polyphemus and Alecto, and French steam-
packets Minos, Mentor, and Leonidas.
Her Majesty's ships of the lice Howe, Vanguard, and Indus,
which it was currently reported were to sail on the evening'
Saturday last for Syracuse, to water, and return here forth-
with, without proceeding elsewhere, received unexpectedly, at
about half-past eleven oit Friday night, directions from Rear-
Admiral Sir John A. Ommanney to put to sea early on Sa-
turday morning, which they did under sealed orders.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FILOI4 THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.—That a Government should take upon itself
the responsibility of advising the Sovereign to disregard
the prayers of the people, is bold and bad enough ; but
we can find no terms in which to characterise the
audacity and iniquity of a Ministry that should go so far
in frustrating the petitions of the people as to venture
on intercepting them. Fortunately for the present
Cabinet, this point of defiance to the wishes of the
nation has not yet been completely reached, though the
indiscretion, or " something; more," of one of its
Members has, in a recent instance, almost compro-
mised the Government to an extent which the bet-
ter judgment of a few at least among his col-
leagues must, we think, tremble to contemplate. It
appears from what passed last night in the House
of Commons, that an address from Tamworth, bearing
2,000 signatures, had been regularly forwarded to the
.Home-otlice for presentation to the Queen ; when Sir
James Graham—who interprets a principal article in
the Bill of Rights in a manner that we hope is pecu-
liarly his own—thinks proper to deviate from his duty
of laying the petition before his Royal Mistress, while he
sends it back to the place from whence it came—but not
to the parties who sent it—for the purpose of making it
the subject of an avowedly hostile scrutiny. The.
petition of the Tamworth Liberals was sent,. in 'act,
to the Tory mayor of the Premier's own ooroug
h,
for the purpose of hating as many heir.. as possible
picked in it ; and by Sir James , Graham's own
avowal it must be inferred, that, had it been possi-
ble to have found sufficient Prete..'-t for the act, the pe-
tition would have been ':together suppressed ; but as
inquiry only confirme..f its authenticity, there was no al-
ternative but to " -my it before her Majesty." Even as
it is, the officirAis and, in our opinion, most unconstitu-
tional interference of Sir James Graham kept back the '
address until too late for the granting of its prayer; and,
however its statements or entreaties might have influ-
enced the Queen, still, having been retarded until the
arrangements were complete fur the prorogation of Par-
liament, the impression on the Royal mind could not
have been made in time to beneficially operate.
COURIER.—That the state of the country has been
misrepresented, and the amount and intensity of the dis-
tress that prevails gtossly exaggerated, are facts no longer
capable of being denied, after what has lately occurred in
both Houses of Parliament. But even supposing that all the
statements on the subject that have been recently made
were literally true, that neither the disappointment of a
prostrate faction, nor the blind recklessness of party-spirit
had in any one particular amplified the amount, or over-
coloured the picture—that the country was in the dis-
mally decayed and decaying condition she has been re-
presented, still the question would remain to be solved—
could legislation afford immediate relief ? Could pro-
longed, -profitless discussions in either House of Parlia-
ment alleviate or mitigate the evils complained of ? We
unhesitatingly answer, no—and we think the opposite
supposition could be seriously entertained by none save
the veriest dupes of party prejudice. Well and truly did
the Duke of Wellington, with that homely wisdom so
characteristic of the noble simplicity of his nature, ob-
serve, that the evils were the results of a variety of causes,
which Parliament could not remove, if it sat continu-
ously from that time till February next. There are limits
to the powers of Parliament, omnipotent though it
e
, ue ; it cannot sever the connection between cause and
effect, between antecedent and consequence ; it can
neither suspend_ nor modify the rule of causation ;
neither can it by any stretch or exercise of its law-mak-
ing prerogative prevent the evils resulting from over-
trading and ruinous spevulation. Do what it will—sit as
long and as uninterruptedly as it will—debate, enact as
rapidly, as precipitately as it will—still it cannot remedy
the evils of wrong doing by any considerable portion of
the community.
STANDARD.—The proceedings in the House of
Commons last night will afford amusement. The modest
application of Lord Geo. Paget to the House to commit
a flagrant violation of the law, was not certainly the
least diverting incidents It
man in question, hay-
eminent parlifelnentar"n' " acting.
appears that the. Noble-
man
presented a petition against
the return for Cart Ile
into in Middlese3t.' under the advice of an
of Cardigan." (We quote
agent had the recognizances en-
teredoz .agrilstrate for the County
r eu
eproer t eodf by
coursethe i
nyal Morningi d , Cats n
tiehle. esThe recogniatinces
)paetition fell to the
ground. Every one knows thaet
i
to be a Magistrate when he passes beyond the limits of
_ Magistrate. ceases
his own jurisdiction, and that all his assumed
terial acts under such circumstances are a nullitrg.- llsn.
taking recognizances, it is part of the Magistrates duty
to shear the proffered security as to his ability •, but
if the person acting es Magistrate is not one—and out
of bis jurisdiction, we repeat it, he is not—the proffered
security may swear what he pleases, perfectly free
from all legal penalties. So much for the law
which Lord George Paget would dispense with.
But is there not something curious in the ad-
vice of the eminent parliamentary agent to select
Ia Cardiganshire Magistrate, a rare animal, we sus-
pect, in the metropolis, and one which, we presume,
was discovered by an advertisement in the Times—
" Wanted, a gentleman in the commission of the
1 peace for the county of Cardigan." The election
was held in Carnarronshire, not in Cardigan—the
recognizances were executed in Middlesex, where there
are some hundreds of paid and unpaid Magistrates.
Why, then, did " the eminent Parliamentary agent" send
to Cardigan Y He might as well have sent to Cornwall,
or Cumberland, or to Galway, or Caithness—the magis-
trates of any of these places would have been as suffi-
ciently disqualified as the Cardigan gentleman. The
monstrous application in Lord George's behalf was, of
course, refused, but we think that the affair deserves
further consideration—it is by no means clear that all in
the transaction was bona fides.

PRICE OF BULLION.
Bank of England Notes, per £... Zs• 10i at 10i
Sovereigns, each ... ... 10. S. 0. at 10. 10. 0.

Memorandum of money advanced by Government on
Shipments of Goods to Great Britain :
Amount of advances up to the date of our
last number
Subsequent advances

Rs. 9.04,396
4.74,196

Total amount of actnal advances ... J. 13.78,592

Ety-'- I PT.
A LEXANDRIA—SEPT. 16.
The first batch of Syrians, amounting to about 1,700 men,
arrived here on the 7th instant, and on the morning of the
Bth two Egyptian frigates were towed out of harbour by the
Haggee Baba, with- about 1,100 of them on board, bound for
),evrout, all, as Islay be supposed, in the highest spirits, at
the prospect of Bice more returning to their native country.
The remainder are still here, but will also proceed to Syria se
soon as vessels now under preparation can be got ready for
their transport. The Rodney is still here, anchored oft the
Palace, and the Calcutta. which arrived on the 9th, is cruis-
ing in the offing.
Our Syrian news is up to the 9th instant, when everything
is again represented as being perfectly quiet in the mountains.
The reduction the tribute to 3,500 purses, or 17,5001. ster-
ling, together with the mode of levying this amount, had
tended wonderfally to produce this state of affairs. The pro-
portion to be paid by each district is left entirely to be regu-
lated by the native councils.
The only arrival at Bey rout had bees the,lnconstant frigate
from this port. The Thunderer had not then made her alt-,'
exp,:et,rl. I‘lll. . • •
perrrance, b was dell;, al the— o. .
nil Rose touttli;i or Syria, bad given very
general satisfaction.
On the 14th the Nile returned from Constantinople with des-
patches from the Pacha, the nature of which he not yet till*,

In the year 1765, instead of agriculture being
,fettered at that time with Corn-laws in this country, we
-',,Yereeh:r inters:4. ni !J. IP l ;*-l'> 01.-tntinn for' 2
short.time reeivvil u temporary interruption, by an em-
bargo having been laid on the exportation of corn on
the 29th of September, in consequence of a bad harvest,
after which the exportation recommenced.

COL. NAPIER ON THE CORN-

LAWS.

The celebrated Colonel Napier, the author of
the admirable " History of the Peninsular {
Wars," has published a pamphlet in favour of
the Corn-laws, which it is our duty, in deference
to his commanding abilities, and the services he
has rendered to the cause of liberty, to subject
to a strict examination. We give him the credit
of being sincere. He has a living belief in the
validity of the objections he states to the aboli-
tion of the Corn-laws; while the multitude of
writers in the daily journals have no such belief.
They put forth doctrines for an express party
purpose without believing, even if they compre-
hend, them. To every sincere opponent we shall
pay a proper deference, but the advocates of a
bad cause for pay are unworthy of attention.
Colonel Napier's pamphlet is addressed to
Lord Ashley, " because his persevering efforts to
protect the factory children, give him a just title
to the respect of all persons who acknowledge
the value of justice and benevolence in national
policy." We quote the paragraph as a clue to
the Colonel's reasoning. He writes "justice and
benevolence ;" but though he writes the benevo-
lence last, it has the foremost place in his
esteem. Whatever benevolence there may be
in limiting the hours of infant labour, we cannot
comprehend the justice of a Ten Hours' Bill which
sanctions by law working infants, who, in justice,
ought not to work at all, ten hours a day. Nei-
ther can we comprehend the justice or the bene-
volence of refusing food by law to the very in-
fants whom Lord Ashley sanctions exposing to
ten hours' toil a day by law. But Colonel
Napier is not singular in being caught by
noisy show, though we had given him credit
for a more military eye than to be caught by a
showy parade.

Quite akin to this love of Lord Ashley's
benevolence, and this slighting. the claims of
justice, are Col. Napier's observations on the
manufacturing labourers. They are worthy of
an Indian hunter panting for his free woods, or
a soldier thinking only of man as food for powder.
The Colonel says—

price from the latter cause, labour will fall in
price also, because the comma measure ofprice
in this case is raised or lergthened, and all the
things it measures are lowered or shortened.
But if corn fall in price from beco...:ng more
abundant, from a greater quantity being in the
community, and to be distributed amongst the
members, it is erroneous to say that labour will
fall in price as corn fallm.

A NEW PROCESS YOit PultiF ItiNG

WATER.

Professor Clark, of Aberdeen, performed numerous
experiments on INlonday, in the laboratory of the Lon-
don University, for the purpose of showing the ease and
faclty with which the large proportion of feculent and
other matters contained in the eaters of the metropolis
could be separated and deposited. The following are
the results :—Chalk, it appears, is to he found in the
atera supplied by the several Companies to the inhabi-
tants of London in the proportion of 14 ounces of carbo-
nic acid to every single pound of chalk. For exampie,
a pound of chalk dissolved in 500 gallons of water by
7 ounces of carbonic acid would form a solution not
sensibly different, in ordinary use, from! the filtered
water of the Theme: in the average state of that
river. It appeared, also, that one hundrei gaons of
London water required 32 ounces of the best curd soap
to form a lather of such consistency as to remain five
minutes on the surface. Whereas the same cpranfty of
water purified by the process of Professor Clark re-
quires not quite 11 ounces. There were also minor facts
stated, which go to show that the respective quantities
of saw realty consumed by the waters of London and
the purified water were as 27 to 9. The amount of
conaureption of soap in the metropolis, as stated by
Mr. %V. Hawes, is-
-12,000 tons, at 501 6OO 0001.
Soda, 3,000 tons at 13/. 16s. 8d... 49,0001.

£640,000
The Parliamentary returns made in 1834 show that
the gross amount of water-rent paid to the Metro-
politan Companies was about 270,0001., and, if we
allow for the increase which it is a leged has ttken
rl4ce in the consumption, the Professor iofers that the
value of soap and soda used is double the gross amount
of water-ernt. " Hence, if there be a saving of only 10
per cent. on the value of the soap and soda consumed,
it wou:d correspond to a saving of 20 per cent. on
the gross water-rent." It price irs also that very
considerable amount in the wear and tear of chthes
washed in the purified water may be saved—" the fur"
or deposit in the boiling of water prevented—a certain
proportion of tea saved in every family, since tea, it is
well known, will net draw with hard water—the in-
crustations in the bottoms of steam-boilrs prevented—
insects destroyed—vogeta•ion in summer prevented, and
colouring and other matter separated and precipi-
tated. Now, when it is stated that the supply of water
to the metropolis is not less than 40,000,000 galons
p,r d:ern, and the weight of chalk contained in this
large quantity is not less than 24 tons a-day, or 8,000
tens per annum, some idea may be formed of a neces-
sity for introducing a mode 01 filtration, or a chymical
agency, which will remove so much cxtraneeua, and, in
fact, deleterious mater, from the first necessary cf life.

" Is it a natlOUal benefit to have hardy ploughmen
turned into squalid weavers, crowded together in
misery and immorality, begetting beings still more
i
miserable and squalid than themselves, toiling nces- I
sandy in heat, and dust, and gloom, without a glimpse
of green fields or clear running waters to cheer their
sight, the burring of machinery to stun their brains in-
stead of the notes of birds to greet their ears ; the harsh
commands and spying watchfulness of avaricious mas-
ters and overseers ever present to them, instead of the
gracious presence of nature, with her gentle beauties and
delights, such as God has presented them for the enjoy-
ment of man, to cheer and sustain his faculties ; their
only pleasures those of debauchery, of sensuality, gross
and debilitating, because for no others have they
time granted them, and some solace the human ani-
mal must have. If you deny it to his reason, he
will obtain it by his passions, and in the un-
happy weaver's case these passions will be
influenced, even to insanity, by the corruption ,
and sourness of the natural juices, from unwholesome
occupations and discontent. Can such men ever have the
physical power to defend their country, and with their de-
moralised habits can they talee any patriotic interest in its
welfare? Can those who only know their country as a pri-
son be warmed by the sacred tire of patriotism? Can they
who never see or feel the ordinary delights and beauties
of nature, those silent but most efficacious consolations of
miserable minds, can they have any natural enthusiasm ?
It is indeed one of the crotchets of the political econo-
mists to disregard all human sufferings in the transition
from one state of society to another, provided it can bit.
shown by a rigorous course of reasoning from data as--
!mined by themselves, that the country will finally benefit
by the change. If the wretched agricultural labourers
are only absorbed, as they call it, at last all will be right
—the riches of the country will be augmented—that is
their only test of natural happiness."
Wretched as are all these people, they are
surely not made happier, stronger; or more
healthy by a tax on their food, and by such an
artificial value being given by a Corn-law to
every foot of soil, that they must never hope
even to enjoy or own a garden-plot. The Colonel
is undoubtedly eloquent, but surely the Corn-
laws contribute to stifle patriotism by hunger, to
make the country a prison, to subject men to
avaricious masters, and to weaken the existing
and all future generations, and to produce all I
the evils the Colonel eloquently describes. He is
caught by a vision. All the manufacturers are
not weavers, and the smiths, bricklayers, masons,
carpenters, millwrights, miners, colliers, ma-
chine-makers, &c., who constitute a large pro-
portion of the manufacturing population, arc in
all respects, we will venture to assert even in
physical power to defend the country, superior
to agricultural labourers. In truth this is elo-
quent but idle talk, for the manufacturing la-
bourers, with their great skill and powerful ma-
chines, would be found, we apprehend, a match
fbr the best organized army, were they put to
the test. The two passages we have quoted ara
specimens of erroneous feeling in the Gallant
Officer, who allows the conventional and now
antiquated prejudices of the hunter and the agri-
culturist to overmaster observation, and there-
upon condemn the most modern, and there-
fore the most civilized, condition of society.
We pity the ignorance or the 'prejudice of the
man who can see nothincs -in our manufacturing
system but hand-I:00m" weaver*, and factory
children.
We
. now pass, however, from Colonel
.:iner's feeling to his reasoning. He begins
with this assumption :
In the present state of the public burthens the cry of
" Cheap bread for the working man" is a delusion. rho
price of labour will sink with the price of corn.
Is this true ? We will inquire. The Colonel
adds, and we quote the whole passage in order
do him no injustice :
The political economists who clamour for the aboli-
tion of the Corn-law, feel the force of this argument,
and strive to evade it in the vagueness of a general
maxim, namely, that the value of labour will be go-
verned by demand and supply. This maxim is, how-
ever, subject to disturbing influences, and in
many cases prices govern demand and supply, for men
sell not without profit, nor buy without means ; and with
respect to labour, the relations of demand and supply
cannot, in a country so thickly populated as England,
vary much generally, although special causes, such as
harvest time, may produce partial influxes and refluxes
of labour. Some standard more obvious and immediate
for the many is therefore-required to determine the value
of labour, and that standard has always been the price of
provisions, of which corn is the chief regulator. It
must be so ; fur what farmers, unless driven thereto by
some special pressure, would pay as much for labour
when corn was five shillings the bushels as when it was
fifteen shillings ?
But it is in the nature of things that the labourer
should strive to get as much as possible for his labour,
and the employer give as little as possible; and in a po-
pulous country the labourer will always be beaten in this
struggle. He will be reduced to the lowest scale of re-
muneration:-
Ist. Because the employer, being richer, can hold out
longest; and this is so certain that it will almost always
be found that poor men pay higher for labour than ca-
pitalists do.
2d. Because the employers have a general interest in
avoiding competition with each other, greater than the
particular interest of the moment arising from want of
labour.
3d. Because the labourer who holds out has only a
choice between work and starvation, or the poor-house
with its degradation and cruelty,
4th. 13ersauso his fellow-labourers have an- immediate
interest in getting some wages, more pressing, because
it is to avoid, starvation or the workhouse, than their ge-
neral interests as members of the labouring community.
Indeed, this inevitable pressure upon the labourer is
heavy enough to crush him altogether (it does so when.
the supply of labour is greater than the demand), if a
countercheck arising from the necessity of keeping him
alive to do his work, did not interfere. Moreover man,
although an intelligent being, has so much of the
brute animal in his nature that he will seize what
he wants if driven to desperation. Fear, therefore, as
well as interest, makes the employer set bounds to
his cupidity ; he does not compare the propor-
tions of demand to supply, but he feels the necessity of
yielding. sufficient sustenance to the labourer whose
despairihe dreads, and upon whose strength to work he
is himself dependent for all he enjoys. This is the natu-
ral law, and its operation must be determined by the
price
ricevolf(o.sosd ; yet
the even
c onstantth ins
eclaew is
ssit)rt for military
mstirloitnag as a
ryav-
inter-
ference to protect employers in manufacturing districts.
We inquire, first, will the price of labour
sink with the price of corn? The Colonel's as-
sceurntli
sotna
Ilise
eunlimited
is
a.bsyg•
ee intehle.arl tai
smiet,
cplace, omr
made.r-
As a general assertion, then, we first deal with it.
Labour and corn, then, are two of the things
which are mutually exchanged. One, therefore,
is the measure or price of the other; labour, as
Adam Smith says, is the first purchase-money
with which all price was paid. It is so at all
times. Men give so much labour to the soil,
and that pays for a certain definite quantity of
corn which the soil produces. So far, then, as
corn and labour are exclias.ged for each other—
and that exchange is probably as vast as any ex-
change which is made—as the price of labour
sinks, the price of labour rises, and as the price of
corn sinks, the price of labour rises; or, i o propor-
tion to the labour man employs in growing corn,
as that is abundant or scarce, so do the wages, or
price of labour, rise or fall. The very reverse,
therefore, of Colonel Napier's statement is the
truth. In dealing even with a friend on such an
important subject, we must speak out, and we
are, therefore, bound to say, that Colonel Na-
pier's proposition, unlimited as to time and
space, is a palpable absurdity.
But there are two- measures of price, labour—
the universal purr!loa7r., nr,(l wisatis'called ,
I sense' issy. se: ssy ii(t p b; a 1 eS3
quantity of labour, and so fall hi price. It may
become more abundant. It may fall in price
from the currency being curtailed. If it fall in

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1841.

RICVS OF CAN A L,lniels., ASSUR-
A.NcE co N •;11 A P.E.4, &c.

LONI)of,, TUESDAY, OCT. 5.
Number 11,;.1..rd . Price
111( per CANALS. rer
...lare. A ril,,tril. Pam. She
',WA 7 pes cent. As;iton& o:dham...Average97/.1.85.5h. 10;D
1,182 41. Ashby (1,2-te-Zouch A.,:rage 1151.5 h. 72
4,60 131singsto;ie... lool.s h. 5
1,0(.5 sr.- '-"-Brecknock and Aber eavenny lsoi. sr.. 92
00. I-16th. 10! Birmingham, 1.16 th share ....9:1. & 711. 200
1,000 Ditto & Liverpool 3unct.lTll. sh. 100 p 1 25
&0 nr. Bridgewater and Taunton.lool.sh. all pi -
400 51. Cheilrer and Black :rater 1001. sh. 1P.5
1.00 321. Coventry 100/.Bh. 305
...... .. Cr0ydne....,...... Average:M.2s, 10d. sh. -
2, 00 51. Os, Di:dey 1001. sh. 94
600 13i. Derby lool.sh . 120
20,0 -!0 4 per cent. t/anube and Al Ayne ......... 411.103. 4CI. pd 30
3,5751 4' Ellesm.:reand Chester Average 133;.51a. 80
201 8.21 ErMUStI 'Otlian. 725
„297 351. Forth Lad Clyri., .... Averr.Vci'3o/ 16s. D. 6.`0
t; 71. Grann .dunction - .... 1,.:01.en 110
I,'4Ais i'sl. Grand Union LeOLsh 26
',5%0 Grand Surrey loGl.sh. 15
..,
1,01(/ 41. per cent . Ditto ;optional) Loan. ...... --Mi.
`;26 Grand Western
SOO 131.125. Q'l. 01.:4n.organshire, Aver. cost 1721.13 i, Id. 2;:0
149 I'2i. Granthvn ........ ............... ... -1501. sh. if.rt.
6 -48 21. Os. I-Insiders& Ad Average al!. 6s. 6d. sh 27
100 Kensington .......... ...v.......109 sh. all pd 10g
25 529 11.10 s. Re-nnet ;old Avon, A. 201.185. 10,1. sh 22 .7s
11,6091 1/. 7s. Lancaster Average 471. 6s. 8d 2i
2,8974 OW. Leeds and Liverpool lOO/.9h '7lO
I 544 111. Leicester 110/. st 150
1,897 5/.os, Leicester & Northampton Aver ent.lot 70
2,14 101 Monmouthshire 1001.91 200
250 101. Melton Mowbray
500 251. Mersey and Erwell lOOl. sh. 550
5,000 21. 108. Macclestleld lOOl. sh. all pd 23
247 171. Neath lOO/.0, 323
2,400 5!. Peak Forest Avrt.ge about 7A/. sh. 71
21,419 SS. Regent's (or London) Av. 331.165.8 d. sh. 8%
5,6f9 6/. Rochdale Average 631.3 h. 86
500 81. Shrops;lire
900 101. Cs. Somerset Coal l5Ol. sh. 181
3,60 W. li pr r cent Ditto Lock Fund Stock... ...... 121 10s. sh. 11%
700 361. Stattord and Worcester. 1401.5 h.
69&
3(1) 151. Shrewsbur-
300 9/. 3taurbridge ....-.
3,647 21. us. Strattord-on-Avoi. A for .... 791. 91. od. sh. 35
533 1231 Swcnsea
3.762 21. 10s. Severn and Wye and Railway Ar.lsi. sh. 45
2,6notsh. 4/. 10s. Trent and Mersey, i share lOOl. sh. 570
8.149 ...... ... Thames end Mt.dway Av. 1.91. As. Bd. eh. 2
1 1,00050 h./ 16/. Warwick and IPrmi,..-,ham . 100/,sh 230
004 3
sh.
93013'. Warwick and Aaptwo. lOW. sh. 1:1!!
7,000 41, Worcester & Birmingham Av.76/.Bs. sh. 51
5,000 26.. Wilts „la.; Berks Average 671. 101 Bd. sh. 28.14
goo 6.. IV; xlev and Essington 1251. sh 74
.26 Wl4rivirn . ''''l.! sh. 50
902 li Wes and i,11,3 1 Wt. sn. ;.0%
DOCE.S.

1,6001 k 1 3p. c. Commerc r.l ,i....... I.oot.sh. 1,1
1,96515 h.
5 per rent. l•last and West India r.„ ....stock 00%
3,9.38,310:/. Zil.p.ct. Lendon Stock 7i%
Ditto i3onds
2,109 31. 6s. sd. Bristol Average 1;-1.!>s. sh. 75
09,3241. 5!. per cent. Ditto Notes, various amounts IOS
352,752 5 percent. St. Katharine hock Pl 2
500,0i10 41 per cent. Ditto Bonds
.10;..00 4 per cent. Ditto Bunts for I 0 years
Deptford Piet .. 2oi. Bh. '2Ol. p 0 10
- -- - ---