The Sun.
London, England, 1841-05-26 00:00:00

TH 141 SUN, LONDON, Vl' EDNESDAY, MAY N, 18 U.

who would be must to blame, the mad-
dened people or the iniquitous law-makers?
Bread or blood has been, on several oc-
casions, the cry of a starving popul2. c. ;
and if our law-makers wickedly withhold
bread from our people, which is abundant, not
only in America, and Poland, and Russia, but
even in the bonded warehouses in our own ports,
can they expect that the laws of human nature
will be suspended for them, and that they should
live as safe and secure amidst a famishing, as
amidst a well-fed people ? For • our parts, we
tremble to think of the yet greater horrors
than those we have quoted, which await the
country—though GOD knows, what with books
written to recommend a painless extinction ofin-
fant life, and law-makers putting men to death
by the lingering pain of starvation, we have
had quite enough—should the starvation law bf'
continued.

`We must, before concluding our observations
on Lord ASHBURTON; notice another circum-
stance. He dwelt with much force on Monday
evening, on the greater consumption of meat
and sugar iu England than in France and Ger-
many. Be the statistical account correct, how
does that throw light on the condition of our
hand-loom weavers, our agricultural serfs, or
the lumper-fed Irish? They rarely or never
taste either meat or sugar. The fact is that
rich, commercial, and manufacturing England
possesses a numerous and opulent middle class,
who enjoy undoubtedly all the comforts of life.
Our middle class town population is probably
six times as numerous as the same class of per-
sons in France, and three times as many as in
Germany. Now it is the consumption of this
numerous and comparatively favoured class
which swells the average consumption of meat
and sugar in England above the average
consumption of other countries. In no other
country of Europe, however, is there the same
mass of destitute, hard-working, skilful labourers
as in England, and.their distress may be great,
their sufferings may be, as they are at present,
most poignant, and yet Lord ASHBURTON may be
able to quote, with smiling satisfaction, the tes-
timony of a Liberal, that Englishmen, on an
average,, consume more meat than Prussians, and
more sugar than Frenchmen. The terms of com-
parison, in fact, are not identical. Lord Asn-
BURTON compares the middle classes of England,
the great consumers of sugar and meat, with the
middle classes of France and Germany, and
from that comparison he infers the well-being of
our middle classes—not of our labourers. Tile
Noble Lord's logic is of a piece with his consis-
tency, and both are a disgrace to an honest ands
right-minded man.

M. Guizov's praise of Holland reminds us
that it was the great object of Louis XIV. to
crush that then young republic, and that Hol-
land was only saved from destruction by the
assistance of England and the victories of MARL-
BOROUGH. France then wished to destroy Hol-
land, and now M. GuizoT vaunts its utility to
France. Such are the results of the schemes cf
politicians. They build up in one year, or in
one century, what they destroy in the next ;
they destroy at one time what they have before
taken the greatest pains to aggrandize. The re-
lations between France and Holland are a type
of those between England and Russia. At pre-
sent Russia is the bugbear of England, and for
many years prior to 1815, except during the
short interval that PAUL sat on the imperial
throne, one of the great objects of our policy
was to strengthen and civilize Russia. We in-
troduced her officers into our navy; we sent out
our officers to organise her fleet; and having
made her formidable, we now live in apprehen-
sion of her, and would feign check her power.
Such is political wisdom !

The whole of the Paris Journals of Sunday
have reached us. In the debate in the Chamber
of Deputies, on the commercial treaty with Hol-
land, several Members who spoke in favour of
the treaty took occasion to express a hope that
no similar measure would be adopted between
France and Great Britain. " Fortunately," ob-
served M. FOULD, " every Administration has
recoiled from the universal maledictions to which
a commercial treaty with England would give
birth. In treating with Holland we treat with a
nation of consumers; in treating with England
we treat with a manufacturing nation not
having markets enough for its produce." Propo-
sitions so general as those laid down by M.
FOULD admit of long lists of exceptions. We
presume that even the Hon. Deputy would admit,
if hard pressed, that in the course of his political
studies he had read or heard that the vineyardb
of England do not supply a stock of wine ade-
quate to the consumption of the population, while
in France the reverse of this is pretty generally
admitted ; more especially in the southern de-
partments of that kingdom. Coals are not over-
abundant in France, and yet in England we could
spare a few at even a cheaper rate than thee• can
be raised in Belgium. We are a nation of pro-
ducers no doubt, but if M. FOULD were a little
better acquainted with commercial statistics,
he would not require to be told that we are also
more extensive consumers of foreign and colo-
nial produce than any other nation in the world,
Holland not excepted. Not that we disapprove
of the commercial treaty with Holland. On the
contrary, we are always glad to witness an exten-
sion of the principle of free trade, no matter who
may profit most by it. What we seek to establish
is the fact that however beneficial to France is a
commercial treaty with llolland, one with Eng-
land would not be without great and manifest
advantages.
M. GUIZOT supported the Treaty with Holland
chiefly on political grounds. The following ex-
tract from his speech is worthy of attention

Government is convinced that France should be on good
terms with Holland, and that there is a great political interest
in such being the case. This interest alone legitimates the
treaty. In time of peace, as in time of war. we require the
good feeling, nay, the amity of Holland. It hat always been
the policy of France to keep up this feeling. I need not tell
you, gentlemen, that France has constantly sought the alliance
of the small States around her. Need I speak of her intimate
relations with the electoral circles? I have no hesitation in
declaring that this is a first-rate interest.—(Agitation.) You
have been told that Holland is above all others a consuming na-
tion. Her 3,000,000 inhabitants consume as much as 7,000,000
Germani. The treaty, moreover, opens to you the rich islands
that Holland possesses in the Seas of Asia. England has
not understood the importance of these islands. She has
overlooked the resources presented by this group of islands,
the Indian Archipelago, Java, &c. She has confined herself
to the Continent—she has signed the treaty of 1824, and re-
grets it deeply. Let us show more foresight than England has
done. The Sovereign, who has abdicated the throne of his
noble free will was the first who resisted the coalition against
France. The good will of Holland gave to France, on the
15th of July, 11,000 horses. Commercially speaking, the treaty
has less importance than some persons pretend to say ; but,
politically speaking, it is of great importance. To prove this
has been the purport of my speaking. It is in the name of the
political interests of the country that I declare myself hostile to
all amendments on the subject.
We have pleasure in stating that the health
of the young Duke de CIIARTRES, second son of
the Duke of ORLEANS, is so far recovered that
he is considered out of danger. So amiable in
private life are all the members of the Royal
family of France, that the chance of any calamity
befalling them excites the sympathies of every
class in this country. The Duke and Duchess
of ORLEANS removed with their household on
Friday to the Chateau of Villiers. Their Royal
Highnesses were accompanied by their children.
TEXAN LOAN.—" The issuing of the Texan loan had been
received with such general disapprobation and distrust that
the firm of J. Legal., which had undertaken to bring it out,
and had inundated the country with its prospectuses, was
obliged to abandon it." “ olden times of the Cortes
loan are over," says La erg,Pr " not, however, without
having left sad recollections and hitter regrets in the minds of
those of whom it absorbed their palpfuliy*Arngd savings, and
deceived the credulity of the Liberals."
ke
MAZILIAGE OF A RUSSIAN PRINCESS.—The Leipsic
Gazette ot the 19th inst. states, that the Princess Olga daugh-
ter of the Emperor of Russia, was about to be married to a son
of the Arehdu Charlee,
THE LOUIS PHILIPPI:n:O
genstein bad passed lately throngh Vienna fur the purpose of
arranging the treaty of marriage-
tsthaatEsFpioe:::::7,4Phreince Witt-
Journal
des Debats, after alluding to the petition to the Ch:Pier
i Of
Deputies, signed by 5,000 citizens of Paris, demanding an n:
quiry into the Louis Philippe letters, and after referring to the
acquittal of the Hero of Caen, for an article on these same
letters, states that the question of the authenticity of th® cor-
respondenee ought not to be left to the discussion of political
parties. The Crown cannot condescend to prosecute the Con-
temporaine in Loni place itself at the mercy of some IQ-

reign judges. The Debats winds up by stat ing that the only cour,:e
to be pursued by the Government is to declare in the Cham-
ber of Deputies therorgery of the letters, since Juries had given
verdicts which factions were making the most of. " here
verdicts," concludes the Debats, " must be broken by a Court
of Appeal, and that appeal is the Chamber. Let the Deputies
then enter upon the question which has so grievously irritated
and tormented public opinion for the last three months. Its
sovereign impartiality must decide the discussion of a question
that originated in forgery, and was transferred to the Court of
Assizes. An answer must be given to the five thousand sig..
natures of the National'} petition, and to the cries of joy
uttered by unpunished libellers. It is for the Ministry to pro-
voke this reply, and for the Chamber to make it."
RAILWAYS.—A letter from Geneva of the 18th instant,
states that the Sardinian Government having proposed to
the Directory of that Canton to join it in constructing a rail-
way between. Seyssel (Savoy) and Geneva, which would run
along the left bank of the Rhone, the offer had been readily ac-
ceded to, and the plan was about to be carried in execution.
DESERTION OF ARABS.—The Toulonnais of the 19th inst.
publishes a letter from Oran of the 14th instant, which stated
the rather improbable fact, that 70U Arabs, belonging to one of
Abd-el-Kader's regular battalions, had presented themselves
to the French advanced posts, and surrendered their wins into
their hands.

The Commerce is mistaken in saying that the Duchess of
Orleans had been sponsor to a son of the Count de Hautpool ;
the christening took place at the Tuilleries, but the godmother
of the child was the Princess Wagram, who is a Princess of
Bavaria.— Gazette de France.

We have received the following letter from Berlin dated the
161 h of May : '
" The King, yielding to the remonstrances which are made
in all parts of the States belonging to the German Customs
Union, against the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation con-
cluded on the 2nd March last, between Prussia and Great Bri-
tain, in the name of the other States belonging to the
Customs Union, has just ordered that before it is rati-
fied this Treaty shall be submitted to the examination
of the new Reformed Representative Committee, being re-
solved not to decide on the propriety of ratifying the
Treaty till the Committee has given its opinion, but
public opinion having already expressed itself very decidedly
against the Treaty, it is not at all probable that it will be rati-
fied, and the less so as, according to one of the clauses, the
exchange of the ratification ought to have taken place within
two months after the conclusion of the Treat- at London, that
is to say, on the 2d of the present month of Aiay.
A letter from Toulon, of the l9ih of May, says, " A Re ir-
Admiral, Baron de Lassusse, is expected every moment from
Paris, and the division, the command of which has been given
him, is ready to sail for the Levant."
The squadron which is cruizing off the Hyeres Islands, under
the command of Admiral Cosy, for the instruction of the Cap-
tains, the officers awl crews, consists of the following ships of
the line :—Souverain, the Marengo, the Scipion, Jupiter,
Alger, Ville de Marseilles, Trident, Genereux, and the Venus
frigate.— Le Commerce.

The Madrid Papers of the 16th speak doubt-
fully of the formation of the new Cabinet. An
impression prevailed that most of the difficulties
which the REGENT at first experience) were over-
come, and that a HA of the new Cabinet would
appear in the Gazette of the 17th inst.

ESPARTERO has commenced the great work of
reform by reducing the army. This is an excel-
lent measure and ‘vill be popular with the indus-
trious classes. The following is a translation of
the Decree to this effect :

Peace and tranquillity being re-established in all the pro-
vinces throughout the kingdom, the period is arrived to com-
mence an organization of the army suited to the state of affairs,
and better adapted to the military territorial division of the
realm, at the same time introducing in the public expen,es an
economy which the condition of our finances so imperiously ne-
cessitates. Actuated by these principles, I as Regent of the
kingdom during the minority of Queen Donna Isabella the Se-
cond, have considered it incumbent upon me to decree as follows :
Art. I. The rank of General-in-Chief of the united armies
is abolished.

Art. 2. As a consequence of the preceding Article are also
abolished the rank of Chief of the Staff, of General Com-
mandant of Artillery and of the Engineers,of Military Intendant
of the said armies, with their respective dependencies, the au-
ditory and the service of the military hospitals.
Art. 3. The divisions and the brigades composing the five
corps of the army in the districts of Catalonia, Valentia,Araston,
the Northern Provinces, and the Two Castiles, will retain their
actual, organization, under their respective chiefs.
Art. 4. The troops, for the time being in each military dis-
trict, will be placed under the superior command of the Captain
General of the same district.

This decree, as having heard it, you will enforce the ful-
filment of.

Given at the Palace, May 14, 1841.
The Duke de la VITTORIA.
To Don Pedro Chacon, Minister of War.

GENERAL ASSEMELY.—Friday, as usual, was spent in
prayer, and on Saturday a variety of subjects came be-
fore the Assembly. They were, in general, of little
interest to the public, with the exception of the case of
Mr. Wright, of Borthwick, one of the most useful mem-
bers of the Kirk of Scotland. He has published several
excellent works on the duties of Christians, which have
had a general circulation, not only throughout Scotland,
but England, and the north of Ireland, and have been
greatly admired by those who derive consolation from
the Gospel dispensation. Some of them, however, have
given offence to the Evangelical party in the Scotch
Church, who consider them heterodox, and that party,
therefore, has persecuted Mr. Wright for the last two or
three years. He appealed from the inferior Courts to
the General Assembly, and that body as now constituted,
of Course decided against him on Saturday, by confirm-
ing the decisions of the Synod and Presbytery. It is not
at all improbable that the wild men who now rule the
Kirk may eventually depose him. The more we see of
these agitators, the more are we convinced that the
Church of Scotland is now really in danger.

CALM DISCUSSION FOR THE CORN-LAWS.
—The landowners want to have the Corn-law question
discussed with calmness. These men with full bellies, ask
the hungry labourer to be as placid as they are. They
should have made the request in 1835 and 1836, when
food was abundant, and prices low ; but the men to
whom calmness must then have been recommended, were
the fidgetty, fretting landowners. Their request comes
now too late ; and as they have taken great care to con-
vince the public that it has nothing wlatever to hope
from their sense ofjustice, they must expect that the pub-
lic will appeal to another sense.
EFFECTS OF PENNY POSTAGE IN THE LONDON DIS-
TRICT POST.—The revenue in this post (after deducting
the receipts on General Post letters collected by this de-
partment), for the year 1838—the last year totally unaf-
fected by the great reduction of rate—was 118,0001. ; for
the year 1840 about 104,0001., so that an increase of 13
per cent, only is wanted to make the revenue of 1840
equal to that of 1838. But the present rate of increase is
14 per cent. per annum, so that, assuming this rate of
increase to continue, the lapse of another year is all that
is required for the complete restoration of the gross re-
venue of this department.—Mr. Rowland Hill's Postage
Paper, read before the Statistical Society, on May 17.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NE WS.
. CITY, TUESDAY EVENING.

The Stock Market assumed rather a rising appearance to-
day, in consequence of the nature of the account, which, a.
we mentioned in our article of yesterday evening, Wa3 en-
tirely in favour of the speculators for a rise. It is notorious
that stock is now so scarce as to render the market pretty well
invulnerable to any but the most decided agents, it we may
risk such a term in relation to political events. Nothing short
of a resignation of Ministers, could, it is thought, occasion a
fluctuation just now of even per cent. Consols for imme-
diate delivery realised to-day 89i to 90k, closing at 90 sellers,
and for the Account, 90! to 90k, the latest bargains being
at 90% buyers. The unfunded debt supported the premium
of as. to 10s. Bank Stock was rather dull at 168, the Re-
duced Three-and-a-Half per Cents. brought 97a to 97g, and
India Bonds par to 2s. prem.
The few sales made in the Foreign stocks were at prices ex-
hibiting a trifling rally. Spanish Ronds were at 231 ; Por-
tuguese were not dealt in ; Colombian were at 226 to ;
Buenos Ayres at 23; Russian Bonds at an improvement to
1121; Belgian were steady at 100 to 1; French Five ptr
Cents. at 114 f. 25c ; and Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. at.
52i to b.
The market for the Railway shares wore a very depressed
appearance, and although there was no large extent of business
doing prices underwent a general decline. Great Western
were 26%; New, 12%; London and Birmingham Thirds,
20%; Greenwich Scrip, 1 ; South Western, 16i ; and Mid-
land Counties, Quarter, 61 premium. Brighton were 4/1 to 5 ;
Blackwall, 7 ; North Midland, 23 ; the New 54, and the South
Eastern, 18i discount. Nothing was done in Banking shares.
The foreign exchanges generally appeared to wear an im-
proved appearance to-day, and the rate on Hamburgh again
improved slightly. Three months' bills were taken at 251. 621 c.
to 65c. on Paris ; at 13 101 to 11 on Hamburgh ; at 12 3%
on Amsterdam ; at 12 3tol on Antwerp; at 1491 to on
Frankfort ; and at 9 56 to 9 58 on Trieste.

(From The Sun of Last Night.)
. LIVERPOOL COTTON MR RE2T, 141 tv 24.—The business
in the Cotton Market has been again very limited-, the sales
comprise 2,500 bales, wholly to the trade.
LIVERPOOL SHARE-MARKET. MAY '24.—A very limited
business has been transacted at the Stock Exchange this day.
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock, 294'; Midland Counties, new
share, 213/4 ; North Midland one-third shares, 53. •
MAWCHISTER STOCK EXCHANGE, MAY 24.—. We do not
experience any
improvement in the Share Market:—North
Midland (Thirds) 5L 5 13-16, and 5a ; Manchester and Leeds,
505 to 515 , do. Half Shares, 203 ; Manchester and Birming-
ham, 25 ; Bank of Manchester, 7 ; Manchester Assurance, 9 5
Sir Robert Peel's notice in the House of Commons last night
that on Thursday next he would move that her Majesty's Mi-
nisters do not sufficiently possess the confidence of the
House of Commons, has not had any effect on the British
funds, and caused but little excitement in the City, it having
been already anticipated for several days past. The prevailing
opinion is, that a new Ministry cannot last for six months.
Consols opened this morning at the leaving off prices of yes-
terday. 89% 90 for Money, and 905 a for the nexte Account,
July 16.
this being Settling Day in the British Funds the brokers
and jobbers are chiefly employed in adjusting their accounts,
which are to a little extent, as the extreme fluctuation during
the present Account not being more than 4 per cent., conse-
quently it will be easily settled without any difficulty. Exche-
quer Bills 8 10 prem. ; Bank Stock, 168 169 ; India Stock,
•261, 253; India Bonds, par., 2 premium.
1 In the Foreign Market very little doing as yet. Spanish
Active, 234 L ; Deferred, iii if; Passive. 84 4 ; Portuguese,
345 ; Three per Cents., 204 204; ;
Brazilian, 674 684 ; Co-
lumbian, 22% 4; ;Mexican,per Cents. 525 .4 ; Five per
28A i ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half
Cents., 99% 100.
SHA RES.—Great Western,
26 27 premium; New, 13%
prem. London and Brighton, 4,4 4 prem. ; Blackwall, 7 6
dis; Brrningiietno 69
prem. ; ...
couthampton,sss 565 per share,
Croydon, 13% 134 poi, ;hug i Greenwich, 85 per share ; Man-
chester and Birminghmn, IW, 145 dim.
PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT OWE.
RAILWAYS. . Paid. Per Share.
Great Western
Loudon. Itudgfrighton ...... 50 ...... 455 to 45%
London and Iliackggi ~ „ . . . 25 ...... 18
London and Birminghaigri... . -:. 110 :r:••• :-:.;i to
Ditto Thirds - ...... ' 32 ...... .'-'', • lu-'
London and Greenwich ......... '2O •• •••
Ditto Scrin ........ 4 ...... 54...... to
London and 'South Western...... 381......M4*.. to
51,„14.474 POunties ... ......... 100 ...... ...... to
' ..-;ittc, 5 sitare
North Midland
fpo ......
Ditto New ' • - ' • ' ..... 4O ...•.;.'. 331-
01 ff"lt
The settling of the British Account is g ng o we , an 4
to the present Limit is a Bear Account, continuation to next
1 „ ..„•• ...... 15 ...... 215 to
Tiwe may be looted at 5 to i per cent, and blowy ranges

from g per cent. in the house. No business of consequence
has been done during the morning. Stock is scarce.
The general topic of conversation in the city this morning
entirely relates to Sir Robert Peel's notice in the Ilonse last
night. All persons are anxiously awaiting the decision of
Thursday's motion.
Consols are at present 90A for Money, for the opening, July
16, 90 11. ; Exchequer Bills 10 8 prem., lower ; Bank Stock,
168 ; India Bonds •.?, prem., par.
There is scarce anything doing in the Foreign Market ; Spa-
nish Active, 23i ; Belgian, 100 i; Dutch Two-and-a-Half
per Cents., 52g.
The Share Market is heavy, with little doing. Great
Western, 9141; London and Brighton 45i ; do. Birming-
ham ( Thirds), 52%; South Western, 55* ; North Mid-
land, 3311 34.
Consols, Money, 90 90k; for Account, 90i g.
No business whatever (lining in the Foreign Funds.
CLOSING PRICES.
BRITISH FUNDS.
_ _ _

Bank Siock . 168 India Stock --
3 per Cent Red BBi Ditto Bonds 2 par
3 per Cent Cons 9O& Ditto Old Annuities ...
3i per Cent Red 97a Ditto New Annuities...
New 36- per Cent 9O Er.. Bills, 1,0001... 24d Bpm
New 5 per Cent — ' Ditto 5001 l2pm
Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small l4 pm
Jan. 1860 l2 11-16 Bank Stock for Acct...
Oct 1859 123 ;India Stock for 0p;....
Jan. 1860. Consols for Acct 903