The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-17 00:00:00

TENURE OF LAND.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—You have at last touched on the great cans cof
cvi in this and all other countries. It is the large de-
mands for rent, or the monopoly price of land, which will
be found, when we are a little wi-er, to encroach so seriously
on profits and wages, or the funds on which the people
subsist. It is the tenure of land, that most important of
all political institutions, which is the cause of our social
evils. Let the Corn-laws be abolished ti-morrow, and
the effect would be an increase of wealth and numbers.
Did we ever sec increase of wealth and numbers without
increase of rent? Rent, then, would ultimately absorb all
the benefits which would certainly accrue from that wise
change. The land of England belongs allodially to the
people of England, though the landlords by law are the
present holders. The law has given the land to the land-
holders, and the law, therefore, can take it away. But
the beginning of the beginning is a Property-tax, or a tax
upon rent. Without this the abolition of the Corn-laws
would be only a temporary benefit.
Liverpool.

J. H.

THE CHINESE EXPEDITION.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—When the expedition, that was expected to work
a change in the disposition of the Chinese Government,
and perhaps to affect its future destinies, first arrived off
Macao, great was the exultation of our countrymen so long
living upon hive, to see so many of their fellow subjects
come to their assistance, and brighter praspects opened
upon them. Well might their expectations be raised,
when they saw such a force arrayed before them of men
and ships, besides the vessels of war still to arrive. " Now,"
said the persecuted merchants, " we shall see something
done to humble our oppressors at Canton. The Bogue
forts sill be taken, the rivers ascended, and the great pro-
vincial city lay at our mercy. A strict blockade will be
declared. All the junks, without exception, will be laid
hold of, and every coercive measure adopted that may
strai en or distress them, except reducing that large and
populous place to ashes. We have, indeed, been hardly
dealt with, and must have redress ; but, greatly as we
bare suffered, far be it from us to seek it at the expense
of the lives and properties of so many human beings who
have bad no hand in the infliction. Let the city be taken,
if it can be done without risk to its existence, in which
there can be but little difficulty, and our triumph be made
complete on the very site of our disgrace. Terms may
be dictated to Governor Lin from his own palace by our
Commander-in-Chief, sitting in the sanctum sancturum
of Chinese pride and mock dignity, and the
Imperial " yellow screen" be removed for the oc-
casion, that all men may see him face to face as
the representative of a nation that discards all mystery in
its dealings,, and t qually abhors fraud and violence. There
is no other place in the empire where money can so easily
be raised, or where it is so plentiful. Every exertion will
be made to relieve themselves from our presence ; the
means procured to meet our pecuniary demands, and per-
haps every other point adjusted. To satisfy ourselves
that the final arrangement has the anction of the Empe-
ror, some of the men-of-war should proceed to the Pella°,
and transmit a communication to the Court of the nature
of our grievances, and the settlement we require, to en.
force which, they may say—' We have already taken
the Bogue forts, and the forces we left behind were
about to possess themselves of Canton.' The men-of-
war, as they passed along, should enter all the ports
that were accessible, and known to be places
of importance far their population and trade, and destroy
the fortifications and war junks. Cruisers should be left
before them, to La:event the entrance cr exit of native
vessels; and if men can be spared for the purpose, scud
all they could lay hands on to sonic place where ibey can
be safely kept until a final settlement may be effected.

NDON, SATURDAY, APRIL l7, 1841.

Then, and not before, all should be restored to their
owners, as free from injury as circumstances would allow.
Chusan can be taken at any time, if the other measures
should fail of succeeding. An alarm will be rung from
one end of China to the other, and the Court will hasten
on an accommodation." _

Such were likely to be the sentiments of the residents
in China, than whom none can be better judges; at least,
it would sound like great egotism for any one here, who
has been debarred the opportunities they have had, and
altogether without their experience, to point out any other
mode of proceeding as preferable. The reports from
Macao, when the expedition left the Bogue ports and
Canton untouched, all concurred in condemning such ill-
- forbearance. The forts should have been taken
without any preface, and our demands then transmitted to
Governor Lin, requiring peremptorily to be informed
whether he was prepared to pay down the indemnity, or
one-halt of it as an Instalment, and the remainder within
a short period ; which being complied with no further ap-
proaches would be made to Canton, but, excepting the
force at the Bogue, the remainder of the troops would
be landed on one of the islands adjacent for refreshment,
and there remain until the whole were paid ; and a treaty
of commerce concluded b(tween us, securing to us such
terms of intercourse as are observed between other nations,
or as near an approach to such an arrangement, as we
could expect them to make without upsetting at once the
entire system they have hitherto adhered to with regard to
foreigners; which, if insisted on, and extorted by force,would
keep them on the watch for any opportunity to break through
their agreement and disencumber themselves of the gives
we had placed on their inclinations. Were it made a
sine qua non that our men-of-war should be allowed freely
to enter into any port open to our merchants, and submitted
to by them, there could be no necessity for our occupying
the smallest fragment of :heir territory as a point d'appui
for our subjects. For instance, where could there be a
better anchorage for them than the Second Bar, or Wham-
poa, when their draught of water allowed their going so
high up? Notwithstanding their former scruples, there
could have been no doubt now of their acquiescence in
their entrance, if properly reprevented and urged upon
them. How much more satisfactory would such a propo-
sal he to them than our keeping possession of Hong-
Kong, or any other island t And how much less expen-
sive to us I When they knew that our ships would take
'' French leave" and walk in whenever they pleased, it is
:mpossible that they could hesitate a moment abort it.
I am, Sir, your very obedient servant,
London, April 13. AN OLD RESIDENT.

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND
NAVIGATON BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC
OF TEXAS AND GREAT BRITAIN.

The republic of Texas and her Majesty the Queen of the
United Kingdom. of Great Britain and Ireland, being equal-
ly desirous of affording every facility and encouragement
to their respective citizens and subjects engaged in com-
mercial intercourse with each other, have nominated as their

Plenipotentiary to conclude a treaty for this purpose, that is

to say,
The Republic of Texas, Gen. James Hamilton, &c.
And her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Hon. Henry John Vis-
count Palmerston, Baron Temple, a Peer of Ireland, a mem-
ber of her Britannic Majesty's most honourable Privy Council,
a member of Parliament, knight grand cross of the most hon-
ourable order of the Bath, and her Britannic Majesty's prin-

cipal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
Who, after having communicated to each other their respec-
tive full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon
and concluded the following articles:—
Article 1. There shall be reciprocal liberty of commerce
and 'navigation between and amongst the citizens of the Re-
public of Texas and the subjects of her Britannic Majesty ;
the citizens or subjects of the two countries respectively
shall not pay in the ports, harbours, roads, cities, towns, or
places whatsoever, in either State, any other or higher duties,
taxes, or imposts, under whatsoever name designated or in-
cluded, than those which are there paid by the citizens or
subjects of the most favoured nations; and the citizens or
subjects, respectively, of the two high contracting parties,
shall enjoy the same rights, privileges, liberties, favours,
immunities, and exemptions in matters of commerce and
navigation, that are granted, or may hereafter be granted, in
either country, to the citizens or subjects of the most
favoured nation. No duty of customs or other impost shall
be charged upon any goods the produce of the country, upon
importation by sea or by land, from such country to the other,
higher than the duty or impost charged upon goods of the same
kind, the produce of or imported from any other country.
And the Republic of Texas and her Majesty the Queen of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland do hereby bind
and engage themselves not to grant any favour, privilege, or
immunity, in matters of commerce and navigation, to the citi-
zens or subjects of any other State, which shall not be also and
at the same time extended to the citizens or subjects of the
other high contracting party, gratuitously, if the concession in
favour of that other State shall have been gratuitous, or on
giving as nearly as possible the same compensation, or equiva-
lent, in case the concession shall have been conditional.
Art. 2. No duties of tonnage, harbour, lighthouse, pilotage,
quarantine, or other similar or corresponding: duties, of what-
ever nature, or under whatever denomination, shall be imposed
in either country, upon the vessels, or upon any articles the
growth, produce, or manufacture of the other, in respect of
voyages between the two countries, if laden, or in respect of
any voyage, if in ballast, which shall not be equally imposed in
like cases on national vessels ; and in neither country shall any
duty, charge, restriction, or prohibition be imposed upon, nor
any drawback, bounty, or allowance be withheld from any goods
imported from or exported to any country in the vessels of the
one country, which shall not be equally imposed upon or with-
held from such goods when so imported or exported in the
vessels of the other country.
Art. 3. The citizens and subjects of each country shall enjoy
full liberty to go to the ports and harbours of the other country,
where other foreigners are allowed to enter, to unlade their
merchandise therein, to hire and occupy houses, and peaceably
to conduct their respective trades and professions.
The ships of war of both countries, respectively, shall have
the liberty to enter freely and touch at all such ports in each
country into which the ships of war of any other nation are
permitted to enter; subject, how ever, to the regulations, laws,
and statutes of the respective countries.
Art. 4. The stipulations of the present Treaty shall not be
considered as applying to the navigation and carrying trade
between one port and another, situated in the dominious of one
contracting party, by the vessels of the other, so far as regaids
passengers, commodities, and articles of commerce. Such na-
-1 vigation and transport being reserved by each contracting party
to national vessels. _

Art. 5. The high contracting parties reserve for future
negotiation, at such time as they may mutually agree upon,
the condition upon which the trade and navigation shall be
regulated between the Republic of Texas and her Britannic
Majesty's colonial posssessions in Europe, Asia, Africa, and
America.

Art. 6. Whereas, in the present state of Texian shipping,
the republic of Texas would not enjoy the full benefit of the
reciprocity intended by this Treaty; if no vessel were to be ad-
mitted into British ports as a Texian vessel, unless it had been
built within the territory of Texas; it is, therefore, agreed that
for the space of eigl.t years, to commence from the date of the
exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, any vessel where-
soever built, being bona fide the property of and wholly owned
by one or more citizens of the Republic of Texas, and whereof
the Master and three-f6urths of the marines, at least, are na-

turalized citizens of the said Republic, or persons domiciled in
that Republic by act of the Government as lawful citizens of the
Texian Republic, to be certified according to the laws of that
country, shall be considered as Texian vessels, her Majesty
the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land reserving to herself the right at the end of the said term
of eight years, to claim that the provisions of the British Na-
vigation Act relative to the nationality of foreign vessels shall
be strictly applied to Texian vessels in British ports.
Art. 7. Ihe Consuls and Vice-Coniuls of each country
shall, within the territory of the other, enjoy all the rights,
privileges, and immunities which are accorded to such func-
tionaries by the law of nations ; and it is provided that in the
ports of each country, respectively, the authorities shall give all
due legal assistance and protection for the apprehension, safe
keeping, and delivering of all deserters from the ships of war
and trading vessels of either country ; and all the powers and
privileges granted in respect to the matters to which the stipu-
lations of this Article relate, by either of the contracting par-
ties to any other nation, shall be granted by such contracting
party to the Consul, Vice-Consuls, ships of war and trading
vessels of the other.
Art. 8. If any ships of war or merchant vessels should
be wrecked on the coasts of either of the high contracting
parties, such ships or vessels, or any parts thereof, and all
furniture and appurtenances belonging therunto, and all
goods and merchandize which shall be saved therefrom, or
the produce thereof, if sold, shall be faithfully restored to
the proprietors, upon being claimed by them, or by their
duly authorized factors ; and if there are no such proprietors
or factors on the spot, then the said goods and merchandize,
or the proceeds thereof, as well as all the papers found on
board such wrecked ships or vessels, shall be delivered to the
Texian or British Consul, in whose district the wreck may have
taken place ; and such Consul, proprietors, or factors, shall
pay only the expenses incurred in the preservation of the pro-
perty, together with the rate of salvage which would have been
payable in the like case of a wreck of a national vessel; and
the goods and the merchandise saved from the wreck shall not
be subject to duties unless cleared for consumption.
Art. 9. The exercise of the rites of religious worship and
the freedom of conscience shall be reciprocally secured to the
citizens and subjects of each country, by the Government of
the other. The rites of sepulture shall be reciprocally ac-
corded by each of the contracting parties to the other; and
there shall be no law passed by either GovernMent that shall
violate the rights of property, or limit the power of bequeath-
ing personal estate, by will or testament.
The citizens or subjects of the one country residing in the
other shall not be liable, under extraordinary warrants or
otherwise, to compulsory services, or to forced loans ; and on
all questions affecting the rights of person or property the
Courts of Judicature of the one country shall be impartially
open to the citizens or subjects of the other.
In the event of a war between the contracting parties, the
citizens or subjects of the one country residing in the other
shall, reciprocally, have twelve months, after a formal declara-
tion of the same, to depart with their property and effects, and
without any hindrance or disturbance whatsoever.
Art. 10. The present Treaty, when the same shall have been
ratified by the President of the Republic of Texas, by and with
the advice and the consent of the Senate, and by her Britannic
Majesty, shall be binding and obligatory on the contracting
parties for eight years from the date of its signature, and fur-
ther, until the expiration of 12 months after one of the high
contracting parties shall have notified to the other an inten-
tion to terminate its duration.
It is further agreed, that in 12 months after one of the high
contracting parties shall have received from the other such no-
tification, this Treaty and all the stipulations it contains, shall
cease to be obligatory upon either party.
Art. 11. The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the rati-
fications shall be exchanged at London as soon as possible
within the space of nine months from this date.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have
signed the same, and affixed thereto the seals of their arms.
Done at London, the 13th day of November, in the year of
our Lord, 1840.
(Signed) PALMERSTON. (L.S.)
J. HAMILTON. (L.S.)

---- - _ __
EASING OFF.—The rush for office at the
Custom-housethere were only betwccr! 200 and 300 applications, and
during
a spnee is diminishing
of
ten
rninutes,atagreat rate. Yesterday
between the hours of 12 and
1, not a single office-se:ker made his appearance, and only
three letters were sent in. If the abatement goes cn in this
style,
the Collector will be able, in the course of three or
four months, to attend to his official duties quite comfort.
ably.—New York Herald.
EPIGRAM ON MISS ANNE BREAD.
" Toast any girl but her," said Nod,
With every other flutter—
I'll to content with Annie Bread,
But won't have any bra her."
—Anzetican raper,