The Sun.
London, England, 1840-05-18 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

CAMBRIDGE, MAY 16.—0 n Tuesday last, the Rev. James
Ind Smith, M. A., late Scholar of Trinity College, in this
University, was elected Librarian of that Society, in the
room of the Rev. Charles Warren, M.A.
The Rev. Francis Shepherd, M. A., Fellow of Clare-
hall, in this University, has been appointed by the Master
and Fellows of Trinity Hall, Minister of St. Edward's
parish, in this town.
On the 30th ult., the Lord Bishop of Lincoln instituted
the Rev. H. De Foe Baker, M.A., formerly of Catherine
Hall, in this University, to the Rectory of North Witham,
Lincolnshire, to hold pro tempore for the Rev. W. New-
come. Patrons, the Trustees under the Will of the late
Lord Downe.

The Rev. W. Be'grave, M. A., of St. John's College,
in this University. has been presented to the Rectory of
Preston, Rutlandshire, vacant by the death of the Rev.
Henry Shield.
_ _

Th'e Rev. T. Cane, M.A., formerly of St. John's Col-
lege, in this University, has been presented to the perpe-
tual incumbency of HaHoughton, by the Prebendary of
Halloughton, in the Collegiate Church of Southwell.
Mr. Chittenden, late of St. John's College, in this Uni-
vorsity, has bun appointed the Head Mastership of the
Exeter Diocesan Board of Education School.

The Rev. Peter Von Essen, 8.A., formerly of Queen's
College, in this University, Minister of St. John's Chapel,
Workington, has been presented to the Rectory of Har-
rington, Cumberland.
The Rev. Richard Milner, 8.A., late Scholar of St.
John's College, in this University, has been appointed to
the perpetual curacy of St.Michael-le-Gile, alias Bar-
noldswiek, in Craven, Yorkshire, void by the resignation
of the Rev. M. Barnard, M.A.
'I he Lord Bishop of Ripon has presented the Rev. Jo-
seph Milton, M A., formerly of Jesus College, in this
University, of Kirkby Malzeard, to the Vicarage of Os-
motherly,' in Allertonshire, vacant by the death of the
Rev. William Clere Burges.
The Rev. Samuel Leland Oldacres,. 8.A., late of Em-
mimuel College, in this University, has been presented to
the perpetual curacy of Woodborough, Nottinghamshire,
vacant by the death of the Rev. Charles Fowles. Patrons,
the Chapter of Southwell.
The Lord Bishop of Sodor end Mann has appointed
the Rev. Henry Joseph Stevenson, M.A., formerly of
Jesus College, in this University, his Lordship's examin-
ing chaplain.
The Rev. Juhn Twells, 11 LA., of Trinity College, in
this University, has been instituted by the Chapter of
Southwell to the vicarage of Eaton, on the presentation of
as patron of the vacant prebend
the Archbishop of York,
of Eaton.
On the 4th instant the Rev. H. Prowse Jones, M. A.,
was instituted by tile Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bris-
tol to the rectory of Hayleton-cum- Yauworth, in the county
of Gloucester: void by the death of the Rev. Cornelius
Pitt. Patron, the Lord Chancellor.
On the same day the Rev.. J. Esmond Riddle, M.A.,
was admitted, by the Lord 131snop of Gloucester and Bris-
tol, Incumbent of the newly macerated church of Leek-
harnpton, in the county of Gloucester, on the nomination
of the Life Trustees of the church.
On the 6:l inst., the Rev. Wm. Peaehey Mellersh,
M. A., Chaplain of the Right Hon. Earl Wiriterton
adinittel, by the Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol,.
to the Perpetual Curacy of oalperton, in the countyof
Gloucester. void by the resignation of the Rey. It J.
Dawes. Patron, John Browns', of Salperton, Esq.

Drury-lane Theatre is to be opened to-morrow
evening for the benefit of Mr. Parsloe, prompter, Mr. Parker,
free list, and ill r. Mears. The pieces selected ought to bring a
good house, independently of the claims which those deserving
individuals have on the patronage of their friends and the
public. The sudden closing of the theatre was a great hardship
upon them, as well as many others, and we heartily wish them
success.

REPORT of Mr. George Stephenson, Civil Engineer,
to the Directors of the Chester and Crewe Railway.
Gentlemen—l have now more minutely examined the
route from Chester to Holyhead, which I recommended
to you in my Report of the 19th December, 1838.
The levels have been taken and sections prepared of
the whole line ; I have also had levels taken from Port-
dynllaen to Chill, along the route recommended for
serious consideration in the Report of the Irish Rail-
way Commissioners, and shall now lay before you a
statement of the merits and demerits of each line in de-
tail, which will show how far my former observations
are borne out by the actual result of the levels.
I shall now describe the route of the Holyhead Rail-
way from Chester. The line should commence at the
junction of the Chester and Crew Railway with the
Chester and Birkenhead Railway, and passing under
Northgate•street, cross the canal at the south side
of the dock and the river Dee : it then runs nearly
parallel to the river, through Flint, Bagillt,
Greenfield, by Moystyn Quay, and pursues its
course a little inland, round the flat land, avoid-
ing Talacre Park to Rhyl, where it crosses the
river Foryd ; from thence across the marshes, near
Abergele, and nearly parallel to the turnpike-road,
leaving the Great and Little Orme's Heads a little to
the right, and taking the low grounds by Nant to Con-
way ; it then crosses the river Conway about 400 yards
to the south of the bridge, and underneath the castle
wall on the west side of the town ; then runs parallel
to the turnpike-road, which it crosses near the toll-bar,
and continues its course over Conway Marsh until it
reaches again the coast near Penman Bach. At this
place a tunnel will be required, passing through the,
projecting rock, of 500 yards in length ; the line then
takes the margin of the coast to Penman Mawr, con-
tinuing along the beach at this place for a short dis-
tance ; it then leaves the coast and passes below Aber
in a very direct line to the corner of Mr. Pennant's
park wall, and under the turnpike-road ; thence in a
direct line to Bangor, 490 yards of tunnel will be re-
quired before entering the town. Castle-street is next
crossed over in open ground, and a short valley brings
the line to the ridge dividing the Menai Straits from
Bangor ; it then bends round to the west, and con-
tinues nearly in a direct line to the bridge.
The route through Anglesea commences at the north
side of the bridge, and continues on the east and north
side of the turnpike road for about a mile, when it
crosses under the road and continues its course over the
marshy ground between the Monument and the Mar-
quis of Anglesea's Lodge to Plas Llangaffo, running
down to Maldraeth ; it then passes to the east of Aber-
ffraw, above Llyn Goram to Llanfaelog ; the line then
crosses the Stanley Sands, and runs parallel to the turn-
pike-road into Holyhead.
I propose the station to be near the Royal Hotel, at
the entrance to the town, but the line to be continued
forward to the end of the pier if necessary, this part
being worked by horses.
The route I have above described varies little, in-
deed, from that given in my former Report, the only
variations being that the line is taken nearer the sea at
Rhyl, and in a more direct course through Bangor.
I shall now describe the nature of the works on the
section throughout the whole of the line.
The line will leave the Chester and Crewe and the
Chester and Birkenhead Railways on the level, and con-
tinue towards Nortbgate-street, through a cutting half
a mile long in the sand-stone rock, averaging 20 feet
deep, then tunneling under the street for 220 yards, it
crosses 12 feet above the Ellesmere and Chester canal ;
to this point the line is falling 1 in 272, or 19 feet per
mile, for a distance of 68 chains ; it then becomes
level for 40 chains, crossing under the city walls, over
the low ground, the two Crane-streets, and Paradise-
row, about 30 feet high, and by the south side of the
ship-yard to the Dee ;it then crosses the river about
30 feet above high water, and passes through the high
ground opposite Brewer's Hall, in about 30 feet cut-
ting for a short distance, and on to the low ground
neatly opposite the Upper Ferry ; this distance of about
two miles falls at the rate of lin 422. The next 8i
miles are level, passing nearly on the surface of the
ground, with very light work, by King's Ferry and
Connah's Quay to near Flint.
In passing through Flint, the line rises for half a
mile 1 in 440, or 12 feet per mile, and for half a mile
falls 1 in 440, or 12 feet per mile, so as to get over
some roads.

The next 26 miles are level. In passing Mostyn
Quay, a short cutting into the rock to get under the
tramway will be required, and also a diversion of the
turnpike road ; from this to Abergele the line passes
nearly on the surface of the ground, and at Foryd the
river
wtovill
milesb e
beyondpassedoAvebeebrygeie a
uwocoudtetng wooden bridge.
be requirede.
rr
for a short distance, about 40 feet deep.
The railway at Llandulas will be passed under, and
the line then passes along the beach, and by a tunnel.
through Penman Head for 330 yards, where it takes
the beach again for a mile, and begins to rise fur
miles at the rate of 1 in 440, or 12 feet per mile ; the
work on this portion very light. The next 1; miles
fall at the rate of 1 in 440, or 12 feet per mile, with
some cutting the heaviest part 30 feet for a short dis-
tance. The next 11 miles arc level, and run on the
surface of the ground ; the line then runs 2} miles, at
the rate of 1 in 528, or 10 feet per mile, passing over
the Conway 14 feet above high water, the same height
as the present bridge : this crossing is much more fa-
vourable than I had anticipated. The line then ap-
proaches Conway, passes under Rosemary-lane and
Upper Gate-street, and through the gardens between
the walls, the extreme depth of cutting being 37 feet.
The ground here presents much fewer difficulties tban I
had expected.
From the crossing of the turnpike road the line falls
for two miles at the rate of 1 in 528, or 10 feet per
mile, through a tunnel of 500 yards in length at Penman
Bach ; the next 2i miles to Penman Mawr are level.
Some sea-walling will be required here, varying from 15
to 20 feet in height. Past Penman Mawr to the river
Llanfair, a distance of 1:i miles, the line rises at the
rateof one in 440, or 12 feet per mite. In passing Penman
Mawr, sea walling will be required for nearly three.quar-
ters of a mile, varying from 15 to 20 feet in height. The
line then descends for 1 miles at the rate of 1 in
440, or 12 feet per mile, and 54 chains of level brings
the line near to Aber.

The next 41 miles rise at the rate of 1 in 330, or 16
feet per mile, the greatest part of which will be easy of
execution ; passing 18 feet under the turnpike-road at
Penryhn Park corner, thence over the river Ogwen, 37
feet high, and into cuttings five-eights of a mile long,
and 45 feet deep.
In this cutting the Holyhead road and the railway
from the slate quarries are passed under ; this is one of
the parts in my former Report that I considered the
most expensive, as I then imagined the formation to be
hard slate, whereas I now believe the whole to be gravel
of the very best description for ballasting- the road,
great part of which will be required for that purpose.
The line then passes over the river Cagen, with an
embankment about :350 yards long, and the extreme
height 75 feet ; we then come to the ridge which lies
to the south of Bangor, where a tunnel will be required
490 yards long. We then cross 35 feet over Castle-
street, in Bangor, and embank over the valley for
about a quarter of a mile, the greatest depth being, 70
feet.

The ridge between Bangor and the Menai Straits
is ❑eat approached : the work here is of a much easier
description than I had anticipated, open cutting only
being necessary ; whereas I stated in my former Report
that a tunnel 400 yards long would be required. The
inclination of the line from the river Cagen to the
Menai, a distance of two miles 55 chains, is rising at
the rate of lin 1,760, or three feet per mile. A short
distance before reaching the bridge, the turnpike•road
will be passed under.

I shall now describe the nature of the works through
Anglesey. Beginning at the toll-har, a short cutting
will be required approaching the ravine, which is about
a quarter of a mile in width, and the average height of
embanking across which will be about 40 feet. The
material necessary for its formation is obtained from
the cutting on the north side of the turnpike-road,
•
The turnpike road will now be passed under, at one
mile from the toll-bar, and to this point the line will be
level. The neat oi miles rise at the rate of lin 440,
or 12 feet per mile, very little work being required in
the formation of the railway. The nest 53: miles de-
scend into the centre of the marsh, at the rate of 1 in
403, or 13 feet per mile ; miles of the first part of
this distance is very easy of execution. The next
miles will he in cuttings, varying from 15 to 40 feet,
which is the deepest at the road at Plas Llangaffo ; the
remaining 11 mile will be embankment, varying from
30 to 45 feet in height. The next 23- miles rise 1 in
330, or 16 feet per mile ; one mile of this length will •
he embankment, varying from 30 to 45 feet in height.
The low ground over which the above embankment is
carried is the great marsh called Maldraeth. It may
be considered by some that it would not be sound
enough to carry an embankment of the height described.
I am quite confident, however, that there are no grounds
for apprehending any danger from this cause.

On the north side of the marsh the heaviest cutting
in Anglesey is approached it is a mile in length, 78
fret deep at the highest point, and areraging about 40
feet ; it is of very hard material, but being in an open
cutting it will be much more easily managed than if it
had to he tunnelled through ; the whole of the material
will be required for making the embankment across the
marsh. After leaving the above cutting, the next
miles rise one foot, and in this distance an embankment

will be required for three-eighths of a mile, averaging
about 2.5 feet in height.
The next 3i miles fall at the rate of 1 in 377, Or
14 feet per mile, passing Llanfaelog. For the whole
of this length, about an equal quantity of cutting and
embankment occurs of a moderate description.
The line then runs to Holyhead, with inclinations
varying from five to eight feet per mile, a distance of
seven miles ; the country slightly undulating for this
distance, and the works of an easy description. The
termination of the line will be on the level of the
ground near the Royal Hotel, and the line to the
packet station will be upon the surface of the ground.
I'OIiTDYNLLAEN RAILWAY.
Before commencing a description of the route from
Portdynllaen near to Chirk, I may inform you that the
additional information I have now before me, since my
former Report, enables me to go much more into detail
than I could do at that time.
My former Report stated that the country from g
Portdynllaen to near Tremadoc was tolerably favourable
for a railway, and might be carried into execution at the
average cost of railways. I now find, by the levels that
have been taken, that this part of the line cannot be
executed at anything like their average cost ; in fact,
this part of the line is fully equal in magnitude to the
worst part of the Holyhead Railway.
The line commences at the Cliffs. near Portdynllaen,
at 60 feet above high water, and passes by Pwllheli,
Tremadoc, Harlech, Barmouth, Dolgelly, and Drews-
y-nant to Bala, passing on the south side of the lake,
along the valley of the Dee, by Corwen, Llangollen,
and Pontcysylte to Chirk thence to the Gracd Junc-
tion Railway near Wolverhampton.
I shalt row describe the nature of the works. The
live commencing at Portdynllaen is 60 feet above high
water. An inclined plane will be required at this place,
so as te get the goods from the low to the high level,
which must be worked by a stationary engine. The
first three miles rise at the rate of 1 in 720, or seven
feet four inches per mile, with tolerably easy work ; at
this point, where the line begins to fall for five miles at
the rate of I in 367, or 11 feet five inches per mile, a
heavy ridge has to be encountered, through which there
must be a tunnel upwards of a mile in length. Upon
the section given is the Irish Report two ridges are
shown, one of 105 feet and the other 96 feet deep,
with a brook between; but this section can only be ob-
tained by very sharp and inadmissible curves, and the
tunnel above stated must be resorted to.
In adproaching Pwllheli an embankment commences,
varying from 16 to 34 feet deep, and extends nearly
five miles, crossing the harbour of Pwllheli at 83- miles
from Portdynllaen, and interfering very injuriously
with the present convenience of the harbour. Six miles
from Pwllholi are level, with moderate work ; tht line
then rises 5 1-7 miles, at the rate of one in 1,043, or
five feet per mile. In passing Cricceith two ridges
have to be encountered, one 60 feet, and the other 9
feet deep.
_

From this point to Tremadoc the line is particularly
heavy, the cuttings being of considerable depth and
length, and the embankments in crossing two lakes of
great height. For nearly two miles the cuttings are of
the following depths :-68 feet, 52 feet, and 57 feet ;
the embankments over the lakes arc 45 and 53 feet re-
spectively, and about mile long. The whole of the
cuttings here alluded to are of a very hard material.
The line falls past Tremadoc for three miles, at the
rate of lin 804, or 6 feet 6 inches per mile. The
crossing of Traeth-mawr, near Portmadoc, is the next
work, and the height of embankment from 20 to 28
feet. The next 1-7th mire fall at the rate of one in
3,161, or one foot eight inches per mile. On crossing
the Traeth-.mawr a ridge presents itself, 200 feet high,
which separates it from Traeth-bath ; and, although it
is mentioned in the section that this extraordinary cut-
' ting may be avoided by carrying the line round, on a
curve, yet, that curve is such that must preclude its
being adopted ; a tunnel half a mile long is therefore in-
dispensible.
The Traeth-bath has now to be crossed, and is
about the same length as the Traeth.mawr, the height
being from 18 to 20 feet. Leaving this, a cutting 55
feet in depth, and about half-a mile length, brings the
line past Lanfihangel Church to the flat marsh land
below Harlech ; 81 miles past Harlech are level.
The flat ground extends from the Llanfihangel cutting
for about three mils, which is very favourable. In ap-
proaching the estuary below Llanbedr the line passes
under a cliff, the extreme height of which is 161 feet.
Some portion of this may be avoided by curving, but
about 200 yards of deep cutting or tunnelling must be
adopted.

From the estuary favourable ground presents itself
by Llanduwe to Llanber, and to near Barmouth, where
a tunnel is necessary in passing the town. This has
been reduced to had a mile upon the section, by
cutting 80 feet, and 70 feet at each end ; it is through
very hard material, of the clay-slate formation. A
sharp curve is necessary at both ends of the tunnel, ex-
tremely objectionable for locomotive engines, and the
cutting in approaching and leaving it will vary from
100 to GO feet. 'rho line is now rising at the rate of
1 in 462, or 11 feet 5 inches per mile, for 14 miles. At
the mouth of the tunnel a valley is crossed by embank-
ment 63 feet high, and the line takes the sloping ground
on the north-west side of the Barmouth river.

As far as Llanelltyd the section exhibits a favourable
surface line ; but along this country a longitudinal sec-
tion only does not at all give a correct description of
the work necessary in the formation of the line. The
ground slopes very steeply, and although the section shows
only 16 or 18 feet embankment, yet in many places It
would be three times that height ; and even to obtain
this section, the line must be very tortuous in its course,
to suit the irregularities of the ground. At the crossing of
the Maw Valley, near Dolgelly, is the greatest work on
the line, as regards embanking or bridges. It is 170 feet
in extreme height, and from bank to bank measures
three-fourths of a mile. From this point the inclined
plane commences, rising 1 in 150, or 35 feet 2 inches
per mile, For 10 1-6th miles. The cutting through the
ridge at Hengwrt is 75 feet in extreme depth, three-
quarters of a mile in length ; beyond which, by adopt-
ing a tortuous course, a fair section o f the line has been
shown, but certainly no such section can be procured
with curves suitable for locomotive engines.
The works approaching the tunnel are of immense
magnitude. It appears from the levels I 'save had
taken, that the summit cannot be passed at a less length
of tunnel than three miles.

The nature of the material at this place sets at de-
fiance the probability of making a tunnel, and there can
be no way of getting over this summit but by station-
ary engines and inclined planes.
The inclination through the tunnel is shown to be at
the rate of 1 in 211, or 25 feet per mile, for two miles.
The line then descends from the summit of the country,
on favourable gradients, past 13a1a and Corwen, with
work of ordinary description.
In approaching Llangollen, in the course of three
miles three tunnels are necessary, of the length of half
a mile, 27 chains, and a quarter of a mile, through ma-
terialof a very hard nature.

It is stated-that the inclinations need not exceed 12
feet per mile ; but I find that 5i miles must fall at the
rate of 26 feet per mile. If the line were to follow the

course of the river, it might be attained at about 10
feet per mile, but any one acquainted with the circuitous
route of the river by Llangollen, must be aware that no
line can be made to follow its course. I have, there-
fore, taken the line direct, as represented on the section.
From Llangollen to Chirk Aqueduct, the works are
extremely heavy ; and at the crossing of the Dee of
Pontycysylte, very expensive works must be resorted
to, the height being from GO to 80 feet for about half a

mile in length.
On the line from Chirk to Wolverhampton, a distance
of 54 miles, no section is given in the Commissioners,
Report, nor have I considered it necessary to have it
levelled, as they have not shown any route detinitivelv
fixed.

I know, however, enough of the country, to state,
that it is very rough, and that no railway could be made

in that direction without an enormous cost.

Haviqg now given a detailed account of the works to
be executed upon the line from Chester to Holyhead,
and also from Portdynllaen to Chill, I shall endeavour
to draw a comparison of the principal features of the
two routes.

From Chester to Holyhead the line passes through
a generally flat country, free from any serious difficulties
of execution, and with curves and inclinations of a most
favourable nature ; while I must again repeat, that
further examination and eQnsideration nave only proved
to me that the works upon the Inn! from Portdvnllaen
by Bala are of a nature that ought never to be attempted,
and are totally impracticable, especially at the summit.
In point of distance of railway to be made, the Holy-
head line has the advantage of having 61 miles less of
railway to make.

MILES.
From Wolverbampion to Po..ldynllaen
Great Holyhead Railway B5

As rcg•ards the distance from London, in my former
Report th, saving by the Holyhead line was only stated
at two miles, in consequence of taking the Portdynliaen
route at 260 miles, es given by the Irish Commis-
sioners*, whereas it appears, from measurement, to be
272 miles, and the saving as 10 miles :

MILES,

London to Portdynllacn, by Wolverhampton, Shrews-
bury, Sec. ................................................ 271
London to Holyhead, by Rugby, Tannworth, Chester,
and Bangor

Saving by the Great Holyhead Railway ............... 10
The line i by Chester runs n the most direct route to

The first show for the season of the flower and irrils
exhibited for the prizes given for the best specimens by
this Society, took place on Saturday at the Gardens of
the Society, at Chiswick. Notwithstanding the showery
state of the early part of the day, by three o'clock a
great assemblage of the nobility and gentry were pre.
sent, and promenading was continued till nearly seven
o'clock upon the beautiful turf of the gardens. The
show of flowers was superb ; the azaleas and gera-
niums were perhaps superior to the show on any former
season, and obtained the uni‘ersal approbation of 4110
spectators. The exotic orchidaceai were also particu-
larly fineu,as evinced
and the
the a
various
re,tskillconservatoryof
t
flowers and
forced growers.
The tents, furnished by Mr. B. Edgington, of Duke-
street, Borough, were of such enokmeus dimensions,
and so well constructed, that everybody was screened
from the sun, and had the rain descended as it did
in the morning, ample shelter would have been afforded
from the rain ; fortunately there was no necessity le
resort to their protection on that account. The very
beautiful flower, the Wisteria Sinetisis, with which tire
wait of the garden is in one place covered for nedi
100 yards, is in full flower, and presents a gorgeolin
display of deep purple.