The Sun.
London, England, 1840-01-23 00:00:00

/ A
EVENiN G

POLITICAL SUMMARY OF THE

MORNING JOURNALS.

The Morning Chronicle of this day, in a leading
article on the debate last night, in the Commons, on the
breach of privilege.question, observes—" The country will
perceive with satisfaction that the unanimity of the leaders
of the two great parties in the House throughout these
proceedings has been complete. Without the co-opera-
tion of Sir Robert Peel, the House would have been de-
feated in this struggle; but it has been nobly afforded. It
is, indeed, impossible to speak in too high terms of the
high services which the Right Honourable Baronet
has at this critical time afforded to the cause
of the constitution, for such it truly is." The
Morning Advertiser alludes to the breach of privilege
question in the following terms On the important
question of privilege now in debate we have before es-
pressed our opinion to be in concurrence with that of Sir
R. Peel and Lord John Russell. The House mast stand
by its privileges for the sake of the people, or it may open
cdtehne t
la door for much future misehief, by establishing a most
dangerous a:
regardsople 's representatives,the free
expression
T he of the
people's
willprecedent
by e.
tion both in theory and practice lies in a narrow compass.
The House of Commons represents in theory, and ought
to do so in practice, the people's will, from whence
originally all jurisdiction, including the very esta-
blishment of Courts of Justice, must proceed."
The Morning Herald comments as follows on the
same subject :—" Undefined power, whether it be called
' prerogative' or privilege,' is of the essence of tyranny.
It is undefined power which the House of Commons claims,
and that claim is not only advanced by Lord John Rus-
sell, but supported by Sir Robert Peel. Tkus we see the
Whig Minister and his Conservative opponent strug-
gling in unholy alliance to strip the Queen's Courts
of Justice of their peculiar powers, and reduce them to an
abject dependence upon the arbitrary dictates of the de-
mocratic branch of the Legislature. We who have al-
ways understood the word " Conservatism" in the sense of
an enlightened and patriotic attachment to the ancient and
established institutions of the country, and, of course, in.
eluding under it a becoming reverence for lawful authority,
are quite at a loss to understand the principle of conduct of
the Leader of the Conservative opposition." The Mernistg
Post, speaking of the result of last night's discussion in the
Commons, says :—" It is agreeable to find the House re-
covering its senses by degrees." The Times contains a
lengthened summary merely of last night's Parliamentary
proceedings.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(TMIS DAY).

DEAL, JAN. 22.—Wind W.N.W., fresh.—Arrived she
Elizabeth Moore, Moffatt, from Sydney, New South Wales ;
Marianne, Hall, Hobart Town ; Mauritian, Reed, Sau.rabeep
and Mauritius; British Isles, Muirhead, Demerara.

RAMSGATE, JAN. 22.—1 t blew a heavy gale at W. by S.
until two P.M. to-day, when it moderated, and veered to W.N.W.
PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 22.—Wind W.S.W. to W.N.W.,
very squally.—Arrived the St. James, Lebor, from New York,
sailed the 2d inst. Put back, the President, and Lord Dur-
ham. The gale continued all last night, and to-day till noon.
when it moderated.

POOLE, JAN. 22.—Arrived the Superb, Barker, from Cadiz.
FALMOUTH, JAN. 22.—Strong gale from W.N.W.
FALMOUTH, JAN. 21.—Wind W. to W.N.W., tremendous,
gales,:with heavy squalls.
PENZANCE, JAN. 21.—1 t has blown a strong gale from W.
to W. N. W.

TORBAY, JAN. 21.—1 t has blown a gale from W. to S.W.
since the 19th inst., and to-day, accompanied with heavy squalls.
LIVERPOOL, JAN. 22.—Wind W.N.W., very fresh.—
Arrived the Isabel, Reeves, from Valparaiso—sailed Oct. 2,
Bahia Nov. 26 ; Tamerlane, Theobald, Savannah ; Haidee,
Marshall, St. John's, New Brunswick ; Amazon, Lovett, St.
Andrew's, New Brunswick, with rudder damaged, and part of
cargo thrown overboard, having encountered a severe gale. Put
back the Julius Cwsar, with loss of foreyard ; Mary Heartley, and
Newhurn. Mary Ann, Redfern, from Dundalk, is on shore in
Bootle Bay. Part of the wreck of the Alarm, of Woodbridge, has
been washed on shore at Leasowe Castle, and the stern into the
Canning Deck Gut. The Wanderer, arrived here, saw a top
and top-gallant masts, vc ith the sails flying loose, apparently at-
tached to the hull, 20th inst., off the Calf of Man, supposed
be the wreck of the William Huskisson.

MILFORD, JAN. 21.—1 t commenced blowing a very heavy
gale last night at 6 a.m., and increased to a hurricane.—All
the vessels in Ilia Haven are clearing, but no boat can venture
out to render assistance. •

MILITARY FORCE OF AUSTRIA.

The effective roll of the Austrian army, on the 31st
October, 1337, was as follows :.--58 regiments of infantry,
1 regiment and 12 battalions of rifles, 247,526 men.
" Landwehr" battalions, depot, and companies, 41,954
men, 36 regiments of cavalry, 46,779 men, with 41,342
horses. The artillery is composed of five regiments, Ines-
tering 18,285 men; bombardiers and fire-workers, 2,000;
pioneers, sappers and miners, pontoniers and ordnance
train, 6,193 men ; garrison (reserve) artillery, 3,824 men;
gens d'armes, custom-house guards, &c., 1,550 men.
Waggon train, 25,029 men. The efective roll of the re-
gular troops thus amounted (without those of the frontier
colonies) to 392,940 men, with 42,300 horses, of Which
45,411 were called out of the reserve. This is; un- •
questionably the most imposing force on foot in
Europe. The number of Hungarians enlisted must not
be confounded with the quota voted by the Diet, and
maintained at the expense of the nation ; the latter
amount to twelve infantry, and ten cavalry regiments.
The effective roll of the cavalry regiments is 19,531
men; whereas the eleven hussar regiments in actual
service muster 16,883, with 14,534 horses,

. . _.
The military frontier colonies mustered at the same Fe,
rind 44,876 men; of whom 1,226 were hussars (dis-
mounted), and 1,268 boatmen on the Danube.

The navy consists of 4,741 men, including a regiment.
of marines, 1,395 men, and marine artillery, 960 men.
The officers and non-commissioned officers in active
service amount to 230 generals, 831 field officers, 10,464
officers, 29,610 non-commissioned officers. Invalids and
pensioned were 133 generals, 1,048 field officers, 3,769
officers, 6071 non-commissioned officers, 30,274 privates.

QUAKERS AND CHURCH-RATES.

[Having copied an article from the Ipswich Express, in
which imputations were thrown upon the Quakers for their
conduct in the matter of Church-rates, it is but just that
we give equal publicity to the following reply to that ar-
ticle which has appeared in the same journal.]
I believeithe Society of Friends were never more faith-
ful upon this point than at the present time—never mote
impressed with their conscientious objections beiqg based
on sound scriptural views. That an individual now and
then has swerved we know, but no such case has come to
the knowledge of the officers of the Society without beiug
remonstrated against, I believe, I am safe in asserting—=
and very rare is the exception. The attaok must, there"
fore, unless proved, be considered a very unkind one, end a
libel upon that Society which has been foremost in main-
taining a principle against Tithes and those calla*
" Church-rates,' which principle has been held sole?,
on religious grounds. That the constable, with a war-
rant, comes to my oat-heap, and takes a sample and
carries it round, obtains a buyer, and.then takes the exact
quantity to pay the amount of the demand and the Gs,
penses attendant, I acknowledge ; and a case of this kind
occurred last week; but I would inquire of " Publius"
if I could prevent the constable so doing, and if there
can be any collusion on my part. Thp same will of
course apply to samples of shop goods. If the Church-
warden comes without warrant, and the goods are al-
lowed to be taken illegally, then I grant the collusion. If
I allow an account to be set off, lam equally guilty—if I
ask another person to pay it for me, " it will be borrowed
money, and it will be repaid "—it is not only- a collusion,
but a hypocritical collusion, and would be visited as such
by the Society on any of its members. But I again re-
peat, as a member of the Society, that I know of no such
case in this district or any other—neither that members of
the Society have been "very lax ;" and until such as
preyed to be the case, the stigma must be considered es
undeserved and without foundation. It is known to the
Bench of Magistrates that several of our friends, myself
amongst the rest, have of late years attended to summonses
—stated our grounds of dissent, and repeatedly endured
the heavy charges of distraint.
RICHARD DYKES ALEXANDER.
Insa ich, 17th of Ist month, 1840.

A few weeks ago the smack Lively, of Swansea
laden with copper ore, from Swansea to Llanelly, struck on the
south side of Bury River, and soon sunk into the sand, but the
greater part of the ore was got out. Every attempt to
,get the
vessel of proved ineffectual, although very great, exertions were
used by sqamers and a host of men. Ultimately she was
abandoned fo her fate, and given up as s. lost vessel. On the
9th inst., however, Captain John Brabyn, of the New Parlia-
ment, and Mr. James Brabyn, shipwright, of that place, deter.
mined to make an attempt to raise her, notwithstanding the
failures of their predecessors, and persons were willing to make
heavy bets against their success. They succeeded, however, in
their object, much to the astonishment of all who witnessed the
same, and we are happy to state that she lies now safely in one
of the Llanelly docks, without the aid of a steamer or anything
of the kind.— Cambrian.

LIREII.AL LANDLORDS !---=-A laudatory para-
graph has been going the round of the papers in this county,
in which the Earl of St. Germain's is praised for his liberality,
in taking off ten per cent. from his rents ; and it is stated, as a
still higher degree of praise, that this is the fourth time within
six years that the Noble Earl has made a similar reduction.
We are well aware how very pleasing this word reduction is to
a farmer's car when he is not quite prepared with his rent—
when adverse seasons and scanty crone, even with high
prices, do not afford a remuneration to t4he cultivator. Teo
per cent. deducted from a large rental amounts to a
large sum of money ; and giving up this to their tenants has
an appearance of generosity that may well deceive even thinking
men. This system of continual reductions of rent we look
upon as a bad one, for many reasons. Not the feast of these f§,
that when it has been pursued, it induces a tenant to offer more
rent than the land is really worth, in the hope of this very sr-
duction, which is subsequently called an act of generosity ;
and either the landlord gets snore than his just proportion,.
to the injury of the capital of the tenant, or the tenant
is laid under an obligation to his landlord to the injury.
of his independence. A harsh landlord, by this mean?,
picks his tenant's pocket ; a kind landlord robs him of his fry
dom. But even the considerate landlord, who is aware of the •
difficulties to which these high rents must condemn his tenant,
and who strives to mitigate these difficulties by making a at -
duction of ten per cent., is doing more injury to the agricul-
tural body generally than he is conferring a benefit upon Yie
tenantry ; because he artificially increases the rent of htnif--
and affords an excuse to those who are more griping than him,
self to exact the utmost amount their land will fetch. Vie
system leads to speculation in land founded on a false basis;
and, as such, must be injurious to those entering upon it.
West Briton.

Loss OF THE WILLIANI HUSKISSON.
addition to the sum of fifty guineas granted by the City of Deb-
lin Company to Captain Clegg, of the HUddersfield, and a
similar sum to the crew, for their great and effectual exertions
in saving so many human beings from the wreck of this vessel,
the Humane Society have voted Captain Clegg a gold medaL
and 1001. to be divided amongst the crew ; and a subscription
has been opened at the Exchange News-room, Liverpool,,
which already amounts to 1501. for the captain, and 3.51. ler
the crew, the contributions being limited to ss. in the former'
case, and 2s. 61' In the latter. Subscriptions have likewis!
been opened at the Underwriters'-room, the Athenaeum, legal
other places.