The Sun.
London, England, 1840-05-07 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

HORACE WALPOLE'S LETTERS. VOL. 3.
Bentley, London, 1840.

The present volume of these letters embraces a
period of six years, from 1753 to 1759. Wal-
pole's chief correspondents during this period ap-
pear to have been Sir Horace Mann and Mr. Richard
Bentley, a relative of the famous Master of Trinity
College, Cambridge ; and to these gentlemen he de-
tails, in the lively, gossiping manner peculiar to:him,
all the small-talk, &c., of the day. One of his
cleverest letters is that wherein he gives a descrip-
tion of his pet-castle, Strawberry-hill, which Burke,
it may be remembered, made on one occasion
the object of his most caustic ridicule. His
account of the dinner-party at Garrick's, too,
and of that adroit actor's flattery, is replete with
arch, quiet sarcasm, and prove how thoroughly aris-
tocratic Walpole was in all his tastes and habits.
He actually seems to think it necessary to apologise
for having condescended to dine with a player—
and that player Garrick !—and hints pretty broadly
that he did so, in the hope of benefiting his neigh-
bour, Mrs. Clive, the celebrated comic actress.
The volume is embellished with several portraits
of distinguished characters.

GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. PART VII.
Hayward and Moore, London, 1840.
This Part contains the account of Gullivcr's
residence among the Houyhnhnms—one the most
diverting chapters in his Travels ; and is illustrated
with several characteristic wood-engravings, and
pertinent, explanatory notes from the pen of Dr.
Taylor.

POEMS OF SCHILLER EXPLAINED.
Black and Armstrong, London, 1840.
A useful, unpretending little volume, wherein the
Poems of Schiller are explained, especially as re-
gards:his historical and other allusions. The author
is a gentleman named Bach.

ROBINSON CRUSOE.
Ti, as, London, 1840.
This work is here brought to a close, and, in ad-
dition to three hundred engravings with which it is
embellished, it contains a memoir of the author
and a brief criticism on his genius, by Douglas
Jerrold, who has executed his task with much
ability.

BRITISH MAGAZINE.
Rivington, London, 1840.
A monthly register of religious and ecclesiastical
information, parochial history, documents respect-
ing the sate of the poor, progress of education,
Sze., on all which matters it is very minute and
copious in its details. The most readable article
in the Number before us is that entitled " Events
of the Month."

PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. PART XIX.
Knight, London, 1840.
In this Part we hare the entire play of " All's
Well that Ends Well," embellished, as usual, with
numerous spirited plates, executed in the best style
of art ; and accompanied by brief explanatory
notes—to say nothing of a " Supplementary
Notice," wherein Johnson's estimate of the cha-
racter of Parolles is somewhat roughly handled.
Among the notes we find a quotation from the
preface to Leigh Hunt's " Legend of Florence,"
wherein that gentleman, alluding to Shakspeare's
rhythm, observes, " high above all dramatists,
Shakspeare has almost sanctified a ten-syllable regu-
larity of structure, scarcely ever varied by a syllable."
Now it happens, curiously enough, that in the very
page to which this note is attached, we find, within
the short compass of ten lines, not less than three
lines which, from their loose, irregular, and faulty
construction. completely give the lie to Mr. Hunt's
dogmatic assertion ! The truth is, this gentleman's
theory of a " ten syllable regularity of structure"
has very little force or meaning as applied to the
rhythm of Shakspeare.

REFLECTIONS ON RECENT PRESSURE
ON THE MONEY MARKET, AND THE
MEANS SUGGESTED TO PREVENT
FUTURE MONETARY DIFFICULTIES.
B, DAVID SALOMONS, Esq.
Mr. Salomons seems determined to obtain in-
fluence over the Legislature by his writings, if he
cannot make his voice be heard in the House of
Commons. His pamphlet on the Corn-las won
him much reputation, and it may be at once con-
cluded that he is better acquainted with money
than with corn, and will gain even more credit by
his present than by his former pamphlet. We
are, however, compelled to admit, whatever excel-
lence there may be in the heart of the dwelling,
that to us he seems to have stumbled at the
threshold. He says, " It appears to be a sound
and judicious rule, that the circulation of the
country should be governed by the state of foreign
exchanges." If by the circulation of the country
Mr. Salomons understands the metallic money in
use, the assertion that it ought to be regulated by
the foreign exchanges—the means of bringing in
and carrying out gold—no person will dispute.
The proposed rule is in truth only the expression
of a fact, and the two propositions of the sentence
we have quoted are identical, only one is put forth
in the oracular shape of a rule or principle. If
by the circulation of the country be meant the paper
which serves to supply the place of metallic money,
as well as this latter species of money, then nothing
can be more absurd than the assertion that the sending
abroad and bringing home foreign gold, ought to
regulate our circulation. The paper is credit ;
what relation is:there between the foreign exchanges
and credit, that one should regulate the other ?
The foreign exchanges concern only one small
part of the multifarious operations of trade, the
business of the bullion importer, 'and we see no
wisdom in making that the rule for all the rest.
Again, if under the idea of circulation, the Bank
of England alone be thought of, as its paper circu-
lation ought to be regulated by the gold in its
coffers, and as that is mainly regulated by the
course of the exchanges, it is a good rule to say that
the foreign exchanges ought to regulate the circu-
lation.
Undoubtedly it ought to regulate the
issues of the Bank of England ; but the paper cir-
culation of the Bank is only a small part of the
whole, and the whole ought not to be regulated by
that of the Bank of England. Such general
statements made without discrimination, indicate in
Mr. Salomons a mind little trained to the exhaus-
tive and inductive processes of reasoning.
We can hardly venture to specify the purpose of
Mr. Salomon's pamphlet, if purpose he have had
beyond gaining additional notoriety for himself.
He says, indeed,—
His object has been to bring a few facts which have
come within the scope of his personal observation, under
the notice of the public. As an observer of passing events
and occasionally engaged in banking operations, he has had
many opportunities of studying the rates of exchange and
the fluctuations of the money market. He has, there-
fore, ventured at this season to present his views, not with
the expectation of being able to controvert opinions al
ready promulgated, and which arc supported by a course of
reasoning he cannot hope to equal ; nevertbeles-, with an
earnest desire to arrest judgment until all the bearings of
the new doctrines shall have been considered, and their
applicability to existing circumstances fully investigated.
With this object he has brought together a num-
ber of statements, most of which are familiar to the
public, and, as far as we can discover, throw no
new light on the late monetary convulsions, nor
provide means to avoid such convulsions in future.
He blames country banks a little, joint stock
more, and the Bank of England on the whole, we
think, most of all. One circumstance which he
mentions to account for the plentifulness of gold
in 1838 and its scarcity in 1839 is novel to us for
the bearings he ascribes to it, hut we are inclined to
think he much overrates it. Here it is—
Whilst the measures adopted by the Bank were inducing
the flow of bullion towards this country, an event happened
at home which must have had considerable influence on
the exchanges. This new occurrence was the coronation
of her Majesty during 'the year 1838. The number of
British families resident abroad is very great, whilst the
many noble and opulent travellers moving on the Continent
in all directions dispose of considerable sums drawn from
this country which, in the aggregate, mny be supposed to
exert some influence on the exchanges. The accession of
her Majesty to the throne turned the tide of British travel-
lers towards home, and a general immigration from abroad
took place. The subsequent coronation invited hither a
very great number of distinguished foreigners from all
parts of the world. All the foreign powers showed their
respect to the youthful Queen, and their kindly feelings
towards the people of this country by accrediting noble-
men of the highest rank to be present at that interesting
ceremony. Not alone was it unnecessary to make the re-
mittances usual to provide for the ordinary demands of
British absentees, but an universal current set towards this
country by the number of illustrious visitors who flocked
hither to witness the coronation of Queen Victoria. A vast
Population was assembled in London; and all these cir-
cumstances combined could riot fel! to have a marked influ-
ence on the treasure of the Bank of England:
The eireulatien must have been in a wretched

condition if her Majesty's coronation sufficed to de-
range it.

Mr. Salomons seems on the whole friendly to
local banks, though he betrays no symptom of a
knowledge of the principles on which they arc su-
perior to all others, and on which all general and
national banks must be comparatively mischievous.
In the favour of local banks, and in opposition to
the Bank of England, he makes the following per-
tinent observations, which we quote in order to
show to what lengths the principle of the Govern-
ment interfering to regulate credit-currency must
go to be successful, if that be possible. It must not
only take measures to prevent any private banker
from issuing an undue quantity of paper, not only
must it also limit the issue of bills, but it must fur-
ther limit the number of bankers, and take on itself
to prescribe, as is done in some towns of Germany,
the number of tradesmen who shall be established
within a given circuit. Mr. Salomons says--
But if the abuse of credit is the principal cause of that
commercial disturbance, which, affecting the rate of ex-
change, deranges the circulation and defies the power of
the Bank of England, a limitation should also be put on
the creation of banking establishments, which arc the prime
movers in the extension of credit, being the sources from
whence all over-trading might he supposed to emanate. It
is to be presumed that no one would contemplate an in-
terference so objectionable as to meddle with the employ-
ment of capital, limiting by law the circulation of commer-
cial credit or prohibiting the formation of either private or
joint-stock banks. Yet if it be true, that the action of the
country banks be the cause of the difficulty experienced by
the Bank of England in their endeavour to regulate the
circulation according to the rates of exchange, the mere
depriving the country banks of the right of issue of notes
payable on demand would appear an unavailing and insuffi-
cient measure.

In taking leave of Mr. Salomons, let us venture
to recommend him to study elementary works on
the principles of political economy, before he writes
more pamphlets. He will then be better able to
appreciate the national value of the facts which fall
within the limited circle of his own trade.

MURDER OF
LORD WM. RUSSELL.

THE INQUEST.

The Jury assembled at six o'clock yesterday evening at
the City of Norwich Arms, Norfolk-street, within a
few doors of the residence of the late lamented Noble.
man. The room was densely crowded with persons
who were anxious to hear the details of this calamitous
event, that has produced the greatest excitement and
sympathy throughout the metropolis. Among those
present we observed the Hon. Fox Manic, Mr. E. J.
Stanley, of the Treasury, Mr. Fitzstcphen French, M.P.,
and a solicitor, whose name we did not learn, but who
stated that he attended on behalf of the relatives of
the decased.

Mr. Higgs, the Deputy-Coroner for Westminster,
having taken his seat, the Jury were immediately
sworn, the foreman being the Right Hon. G. R. Daw-
son. The Coroner and Jury then proceeded to view
the body, and on their return the following witnesses
were sworn and examined

Henry Elsgood, surgeon, corner of Park-street and
Brook-street—l never attended the deceased profes•
sionally. I was sent for at half-past seven this morning,
and saw the body in a bed with a cloth over the
face. He was lying on his back. He was in his
night-dress, and was lying partially inclined to the right
side. He appeared to have been dead three or four
hours. The body was perfectly cold ; it was covered
up with the bed-clothes. I examined the body and
found a wound extending from the shoulder on the left
side round to the trachea. It was about seven
inches in length, and about four or five inches
deep near the shoulder, dividing the vessels and the
trachea. The wound must have caused immediate
death. It appeared to have been inflicted by a knife,
or some very sharp instrument. There was no wound
on any other part of the body.
A Juror—There was a wound on the thumb.
By a Juror.—l saw no wound in the thumb.

Another Juror—The ball of the right thumb is cut off.

To the Coroner.—The wound must have been in-
flicted by a razor, or some very sharp instrument ; there
were no jagged edges. There was very little blood
on the bed. I saw finger marks on the sheets and
on the pillow. The carotid, external, and jugular arte-
ries were divided. There did not appear to have been
any blood spurted out. There was no blood upon the
hands of the deceased, but there was a great deal on the
body and in the bed. The finger marks might have been
caused by the policeman in raising the body. I have
carefully examined the body, and saw no other wounds.
I think it impossible that the wound could have been
inflicted by the deceased himself. The napkin which I
saw over the face could not have been placed there by
himself.

By a Juror—ln such a case the razor must have
been found on the bed. He could not after such a wound
have placed a cloth over his face. &o razor, or any
other sharp instrument was found in the bed. Witneis
never saw a cut so extensive inflicted by the party himself.
In his opinion the party who inflicted the wound must
have had his hand covered with blood.

Mr. J. Nussey, Cleveland-row, had attended the de-
ceased as a medical man for several years. Had heard
the deposition of the last witness, and upon what he
observed upon his artrival this morning, he thought it
correct. Observed that the ball of deceased's right
thumb was cut off and hanging to it. Had examined
the bed and room with Mr. Elsgood, for the purpose
of seeing if there was any sharp instrnmen t there, and
found none. Was quite satisfied that it was totally
impossible he could have done the deed himself. The
fact of the towel being over his face, the depth of the
wound, and the situation of it, showed it to be im-
possible that the deceased could have inflicted
the wound himself. I also infer that from the position
of the wound itself. It was not a wound which would
be inflicted by a person attempting to cut his own throat,
inasmuch as it deviated from the throat, there being an
incision in the middle between the neck and the shoulder
commencing at the clavicle and extending down towards
the skull. The gash was so wide that I could put all
my fingers into it. It extended from the cervical ver-
tebrae to the other side of the throat. Such a wound
could not have been inflicted by any person upon himself.
The deceased was a little deaf, but in perfect possession
of his faculties. I had not seen the deceased the last
three weeks, but I have been in the habit of seeing the
deceased frequently, both professionally and otherwise.
He was not in a state of health to require a medical
man—indeed it was only yesterday he was boasting how
well he was. The deceased had been out of town
during the recess. I account for the wound in the
thumb by the instrument which inflicted the main
wound catching it.

S irah Mancel—l was housemaid to the late Lord
W. Russell, and got up this morning about half-past
six. Ido not generally get up so soon. I went down
stairs about a quarter before seven. I went first into
the back-drawing-room, and there 1 saw his Lordship's
papers, and his writing-desk broken open. His glass
and other articles were lying on the carpet and
hearth-rug. Then I went down stairs, and saw
several things behind the front-door. They were
his Lordship's cloak, his opera glass ; the cook's silver
thimble they had taken out of a work-box in the kitchen,
and several small silver things tied up in a cloth. I don't
know the name of all the things, but there was his pen-
cil-case and tooth-pick. Then I opened the front (lin-
ing-room door, and there I saw all the knives, several
silver candlesticks, and other silver things, and the
drawers open ; they were not broken, but pulled
open. These things were on the floor.
I immediately went up stairs to my fellow-servant the
cook. She was in bed. She slept in the same room
with me on the front attic. That room is over Lord
William's room. I asked the cook if she had heard
anything, and she said she had not. I generally waka
about the same hour but I do not always require to get
up so soon. I told her all the silver was about. She
said go to the man, meaning the valet. There were
three servants sleeping in the house, the cook, the valet,
and myself. There were no other persons except his
Lordship sleeping in the house. The valet's name is
Francis ; he is a Swiss. I called the valet, and found
him in his own room, which was next our's, dressed
except his coat. I asked him what he was doing to
the silver that it was all about? and he said he had
been doing nothing to it. We then went down to the
pantry, and found all the drawers open. He said some
one has been robbing us. He went up the staircase
again, when I said, for God's sake go and see where
his Lordship is. He went and opened the shutters,
and I went after him, and there I saw his Lordship
lying on the bed, dead. We easily got into his Lord-
ship's bed-room, because lie never locked the door. When
I saw his Lordship murdered and his throat cut, 1 ran out
of the room, and told my fellow-servants that some one
had murdered his Lordship. When I came down stairs,
I went out, over the way, to No. 23, rang the bell, and
fetched the butler to assist us. He came over, and then
went out for a policeman. The policeman came di-
rectly. When I first went into the soon), I saw his
Lordship lying on the bed, and I saw also blood on
the pillow. The curtains of his Lordship's bed-
room were never drawn, because they were new.
The curtains of the bed near the door were drawn,
but the deceased never had them closed. At the
foot of the bed, on the side next the window,
I did not see any cloth. I saw his head and one side
of his face. I did not see any cloth over it. I did
not see a miniature on the bed. I believe his head was
on the nearest pillow to the window, which he always
slept on. No one disturbed the pillows till the police
came. The man-servant, during this time, was in
the dining-room. i went up with the police-
man alone. When I went in the first time,
the man servant went in with me. He appeared