The Sun.
London, England, 1847-06-07 00:00:00

MIGRATIONS OF HERRINGS•

The great rendezvous of the herring is within the
arctic circle, and there tley spend many months of
the year. In the spring, this mighty army begins to
put itself in motion. We distinguish the united
shoals by that name, because the word herring comes
from the German beer, an army, and expresses their
number. They begin to appear off the Shetland Isles
in April and May—these are only the forerunners
of the great shoal which comes in June ; and their
appearance is marked by the number of birds, gannet,
and other sea-fowl which come to prey upon them.
When the main body appears, its breadth and depth are
such as to alter the appearance of the very ocean. It is
divided into distinct columns of five or six miles in
length, and three or four in breadth, and they drive
the water before them with a kind of rippling, some-
times they sink for the space of ten or fifteen minutes,
and then rise to the surface ; and in fine weather re-
flect a variety of splendid colours, like a field of the
most precious gems ; in which light this gift of Pro-
vidence ought to be viewed. The first check this army
meets with in its journey south, is from the Shetland
Iles, which divide it into two parts ; one wing takes to
the eastern, the other to the western shores of Great
Britain, and fill every bay and creek with their numbers;
others pass on towards Yarmouth, the great and ancient
mart of herrings ; they then pass through the British
Channel, and after that disappear. The other wing, which
takes a westerly direction, after presenting themselves at
the Hebrides, where the great stationary fishery is,
proceed to the north of Ireland, where they meet
with a second interruption, and are obliged to divide
again; one party takes the west of Ireland and is
soon imperceptible in the immensity of the Atlantic ;
but the shoal passing into the Irish sea, feeds the
inhabitants of its coast. These last are often capri-
cious in their motions, and do not like the grand
body, show an invariable attachment to their old
haunts. The object which induces this yearly migration
is the spawning or depositing of their eggs. Herrings
are found also in vast shoals on the coast of America, as
low down as Carolina. Chesapeake Bay is inundated
with them. We find them also in Kamtschatka, and
they probably visit Japan. The Dutch are passionately
fond of pickled herrings, and the first boat that arrives
is entitled to a prize. The herring dies as soon as it is
taken out of the water; hence the proverb " as dead as
a herring." The Dutch call a merry-andrew " pickle-
herring," and from this also we borrow some colloquial
expressions.

PROTEST AGAINST THE THIRD
READING OF THE FACTORY BILL.
1. Because any legislative restraints imposed on the
freedom of adult labour is inconsistent with all sound
principle, and with the successful development and ade-
quate reward of industry.
2. Because a limitation. by law of the hours of labour
must diminish the profifelif capital or- 024. wago. of the
workmen ; or may probably lead to both these results:
in one case discouraging the application of capital to the
production of wealth, in another pressing severely on the
comforts of the labouring classes ; and in both cases
tending to check the progress of important national in-
terests.

3. Because, so far as such interference with industry
raises prices, it must necessarily abridge the command
which the consumer possesses over the comforts and ne-
cessaries of life, whilst at the same time wages suffer
depression, thus subjecting the working classes to the
double evil of lessened receipt and of increased expen-
diture.

4. Because this Bill is no less opposed to all sound
principle than to all experience ; the periods daring
which fluctuations of trade compel manufacturers to
work short time being invariably periods of depression
and privation to the working classes, and there appear-
ing no practical difference between a legislative reduc-
tion of the hours of labour and that which results from a
reduction of demand, excepting that the one proceeds
from causes which cannot be controlled, whilst the other
is the gratuitous act of the supreme power of the State.
5. Because at a time when so vast a portion of British
industry is dependent on foreign trade, to impose on our
home producers artificial restraint, from which their
rivals abroad are exempt, is to create an overwhelming
and fatal competition against ourselves, placing at risk
our greatest interests, financial as well as commercial.
6. Because if the productiveness of capital invested in
domestic manufactures is lessened by unwise laws, this
change cannot fail to operate as a bounty upon the
transfer of capital to foreign countries—a transfer inju-
rious to the British producer and consumer, to the Bri-
tish labourer and to the employer of labour.
7. Because at all times when deficient harvests or
other causes render an increased supply of food requisite
from abroad, an enhancement of the cost of our menu-
' factures must likewise enhance our difficulty in paying
for an imported food, tending to force an export of bul-
lion, deranging our currency, and endangering public
and private credit.
8. Because as the restraints of this Bill apply exclu-
sively to labour in factories, whilst labour infinitely
more severe and injurious to health is left without analo-
gous restriction, the consequence must not be not to
improve, but to deteriorate the physical condition of the
working classes.
9. Because the enactments of this Bill are founded on
the fallacy that it lies within the competency of Parlia-
ment to give a batter protection to workmen in their in-
dustry than is derived from their own reason and intel-
ligence, and must also encourage the dangerous delusion
that the interests of the employers and the employed are
necessarily opposed and conflicting ; requiring the pro-
tection of the law for the regulation of hours of work,
the amount, profits, and the rate of wages—matters de-
pending upon principles which no direct legislation can
reach, and with which no Legislature can intermeddle,
consistently either with sound policy or with justice.
10. Because the enactment of the Bill, while appa-
rently limited to the labour of children and young per-
sons, practically restrains the profitable employment of
adult labour.

MONTEAGLE of Brandon,
ASHBURTON,
RADNOR,
FOLEY,
WROTTESLEY.

D
-METROPOLITAN IAIpROVEMENTS.—NEW OXFOR h
iseTanseEhE-roid—ersOnofFNriedwayotxhlrdlo-nsgtree- cotntaesntdedthdeispcurtoewbnetcowemenintise.
fsoiorna ionerswg broughttimasepast
loud
t/a close. It will be remembered that
complaints have been raised (and
much publicity given to them) on account of the fact that
those who have been indaced to -embark their capital in the
purchase of the around have not, as they have alleged, been
supported in the maintenance of their original agreement,
such agreement being that the whole of the well-known
" Rookery" should be removed " forthwith." This has
clearly not. been the case, New Oxtord-street having been
commenced as far back as August, 1840, and one of the
worst portions of the Rookery still suffered to remain. The
portion ofh thep ar oalmd
ebnut i
ad
ni nag se
sue
wq uheesri tmei opanrsol ivt a she
me be
mostnete
sn
bgeinme
upr
pal
el I t
oje
evidences of the want of sanatory '
the present moment, the poor creatures who inhabited them
are compelled, by the force of circumstances, to remain in
their unhealthy dwellings, rendered still more so by the
new and lofty buildings around them. During the course
of the present week Lord Morpeth has personally. inspected
the locality, and to this fact may probably be attributed the
termination of the long-pending dispute. The Commis-
sioners have at length determined on the removal of the
remnant of the Rookery, and still more spirited improve-
ments in this neighbourhood will, without delay, be corn-
mneced.

A CURIOUS WEDDING PAYMENT.—A short time
ago an affectionate couple went to be married at a church not
a hundred miles from Penistone. When the ceremony was
closed, and the necessary fee had to be paid, the youth, after
ransacking the whole of his pockets for " the needful," said,
" Ha, Mestur, 'am. rather short 't sum, but al tell yo wot, hov
toat'are a varry nice heah-top kidneys—al let yo hey for't dif-„
ference, if ye wont onny." Of course the.clergyman, smiling,
refused the novel payment.
The Royal Botanic Society's second exhibition of
plants and flowers in the Regen't's Park will take place
, on Wednesday next.

NAVAL INTELL_ IGENCE.
- __.
i PORTSMOUTH, JUNE 6.—On Friday night a special
I messenger came down to this port from her Majesty the
Queen Dowager, conveying a letter for his:Serene High-
ness Prince Henry of Hesselbemboard, who was onboard the
Danish corvette Flora, Captain 'Ellbrecht, which passed
. through Spithead on Thursday morning, -and anchored
, at Cowes. Her Majesty had heard his Serene Highness
was on board the corvette, and hid immediately sent
the aboie messenger to invite and conduct him to her
MajestY's _residence, Marlborough-house. The mes-
senger arrived at this port at half-past ten P.M., and was
_ immediately conducted to Sir Charles Ogle, the Com-
mander-in-Chief, who.ordered the 3113rtle steam-tender,
Acting Master-Commander"Balliseon, -to. take him to
Cowes immediately, embark Prince Henry, and convey
him to Southampton, whence he would proceed to Lon-
don bi the _South-Western Railway. On arriving at
Cowes, Aowever, the corvette had sailed at three o'clock
on Friday morning for the Mediterranean.
Orders were reoeived yesterday for the Terrible
steam-frigate, Captain Ramsay, to prepare for sea imme-
diately, and be ready to proceed for Lisbon on the ar-
rival of the dispatches, for the further expediting
which a boat was ordered to be in waiting at the Cla-
rence Victaalling-yard; ',all letters, packages; and su-
. pernumetlxies for the squadron were.accordingly put on
board of her, and she got her steam up early in the
evening. The messenger from the Foreign-office bear
ieg the dispatches did not arrive, however, 411.....1 12.30
A.M. on Sunday by the mail train, and it leas conse-
quently nearly 2 A.M. when he left the dock3rrd. The
steamer sailed this morning at 4, going tOough the
Needle's passage.
. The Frolic, 16, Commander C. B. Hamila, was off
the Lizard at nine A.M. on Friday morning ;-,;she had on
board upwards of a million and a half of d-olhirs. . She is
_,.!-,••
expected at Spithead hourly.
The Growler steam-sloop, Commander J3l. Potbury,
sailed on Friday evening for Plymouth, iliiiibe she will
proceed to the coast of Africa. '
The Joseph Somes, convict ship, -sailed •at the same
time with prisoners, for Van Diemen's Land.
. The Seaflower cutter, Commander H. Damaresq,
sailed yesterday morning for. Brighton, to protect the
fiihery. • -
,
The Acheren steam-vessel, .Lieut.-Commander A. R.
Du.nlop, arrived this morning from Cork. She has been
employed as one of the relief squadron,
The. Scourge steam-sloop, Commander J.-Caffin, went
outside the Nab Light yesterday to try the effects of firing
20 shells from her 13-inch mortar, temporarily fitted on
the plan of Lieut. J. Robers, R.M. The result was
highly approved Of. Captain Chads, C. 8., of the Excel-
lent,
aria a. number of other officers; both naval and mili-
tary, were on board. ,

The following are the promotions and appointments
for the past week:—

PROMOTION.
Lieutenant—Richard Murdoch Robertson, first of the
St. Vincent, to the rank of Commander. Commander
Robertson was a lieutenant of 1838, and he has been
actively employed on the coast of Africa, Portugal, ex-
perimental squadrons, and other important services
during the last twenty-three years. As a zealous and
indefatigable service man, Commander Robertson will
always be an acquisition to a ship or squadron. The
refitment of the St. Vincent alone, in which perfect
work he of course took a prominent part, being her first
lieutenant, entitled him to a large quota of praise and
credit, which we are very glad to see farther acknow-
ledged by his promotion. He was most unjustly
passed over in the late brevet, as were the other lieu-
tenants of the St. Vincent, much to the suprise of the
service.

APPOINTMENTS.
Commanders—H. Schomberg, and W. C. Aldham, to
study at the steam-factory, Woolwich.
Lieutenants—W. Amphlett and H. Caldwell, to the
Excellent; R. Hopkins, to the Odin; J. R. Black, re-
L.ppointed to the transport service; T. A. Butler, to the
coast guard service; H. Phelps, to be Flag Lieutenant
to Rear-Admiral Sir C. Napier.
Master—T. Edwards, to the Vixen.
Surgeons—Dr. H. W. Mahon, to be surgeon-superin-
tendent of the Minerva convict-ship; Mr. Thompson to
the Odin.

Clerks—H. S. Collins, to be acting paymaster and
purser of the Vixen; J. G. Barnes, to the Odin.
Assistant-Surgeons—A. R. R. Preston, to the Bull-
dog; J. W. Bradshaw, to the Victory.
Second Master—H. M'Causland, to be acting master
of the Growler; C. Albert, to the Penelope.
Masters' Assistants—G. B. Jackson, to the Growler;
G. H. Domiuy, to the Queen; C. J. Slaughter, to the
Dart; Digby de la Motte, to the Odin.
Naval Cadets—H. P. Knevitt, to the Odin; L. H.
P. Strachey, to the Hibernia; E. White, to the Howe;
E. J. Pollard, to the Canopus; H. Dunlop, to the Ven-
geance.

Royal Marines—Lieutenant Buck and a detachment
of Marine Artillery embarked on board the Odin on Sa-
turday.
Coast Guard.—Appointments—Lieutenant T. A. But-
kr, to command a station, and appointed to Bourn-
mouth; Commander H. C. Harston, to be an inspecting
commander. Removals—Lieutenant E. Digby, from
North Yarmouth to St. Alban's Head; Lieutenant W.
inspecting
lie from Glenarm to Killibegs Station, as
lie utenant.

CITA.THAM, JUNE 4.—The Garland steam-vessel,
Captain L. Smithett, left this port on the Ist inst., to re-
sume her station as a packet-boat, to run between Dover
ono Calais. She is of 120-horse power, and her speed is
about 16 miles per hour.
The Arab, 16 guns, fitting for sea, is nearly ready,
and she is expected in a few days to be placed in com-
mission.

The Terpsichore, 18 guns, also fitting for sea, is so far
advanced that she will be ready for the pendant about
the 24th inst.

The Antelope steam-packet, in dock, is ordered to be
brought forward for commissioning ; cones,l4ibit.

a-mincers. new at iheir
dinner-hours, and until eight o'clock at night.
Two pensioners from the Royal Marines are to be en-
gaged as sergeant-majors, for the service of the Dock-
yard battalion. The guns for the practice-battery,
erected at the east end of the Dockyard, for the exercise
of the Dockyard company of Artillery, consisting of
four 8-inch, were received this day from the gun-wharf,
andT halesoofooourciwguilzs
Pledge
redggun e -na boattepr, rafs atilcoe.
ding with stores
for Woolwich and Deptford yards; and the Rochester,
Sedgwick master, is loading for Sheerness.
WOOLWICH, JUNE s.—The Monkey steam-vessel left
Woolwich this morning, with a detachment of Royal
Sappers and Miners (volunteers), who have offered their
services to proceed to the Arctic regions in the spring of
next year, in the event of no intelligence being received
from the latter by that time. The detachment of Royal
Sappers and Miners consists of one non. commissioned
officer and 15 privates, and they will embark in the Prince
Rupert, one of the Hudson's Bay Company's vessels, at
Gravesend, and leave immediately after for their destina-
tion, to pass the winter in the Company's territory. Sir
John Richardson, who is to have charge of the search-
ing expedition, will join the Prince Rupert at Gravesend.
The stores were brought round from Portsmouth, in the
Hecate, and put on board the Company's vessels Prince
Rupert and Westminster.

The Black Eagle steam-vessel, Master-Commander
S. B. Cook, went down the river to-day with the Hon.
11. G. Ward, Secretary to the Admiralty, and a few of
his friends.

FASHIONS.
(From the Lady's Newspaper.)
The fancy of the Parisian couturieres is at work on
the invention of a new form of sleeve. We regret to
observe symptoms of a return to full sleeves—that is to
say, sleeves full at the shoulders. Nothing, certainly,
can be more unbecoming, or more calculated to disfigure
the finest female form. The skirts of dresses continue
very wide and very long; indeed, much too long for
walking. To remedy the inconvenience of these long
dresses, when worn out of doors, a sort of brooch
.has
been introduced in Paris, for the purpose of gathering
up the skirt of the dress on one or both sides.
The collars worn with high dresses are exceedingly
small, and are shaped so as to fit closely round the
throat. The needlework which adorns them is exquisite,
both as to design and execution. Very small cuffs of
worked muslin are sometimes seen turned up on the
sleeve ; but the cuff most generally worn consists of a
narrow edging of worked muslin, or a piece of lace set
on full, and falling over the hand. For home neglig‘
canezous of worked muslin are very generally worn.
Mantelets of worked muslin, trimmed v‘ith white lace,
r,ro in preparation, but their appearance will, of course,
be deferred till the warm days of sumin,r.
For those of our f:tir readers, who are unfortunately
under the necessity of wearing mourning, we subjoin the
following remarks :
Though mourning admits of comparatively little
variety, being subject to certain laws-of convention and
usage, yet it nevertheless has its little changes, a few of
it;gwhichan wed n willeg
high endeavour
dresses to point
of ou
int.ez:iFnoor.
cdaesehpinmeroeu;rnre-
bteere trimmed with crape, or with
now made expressly for
a alone
sort wo
fo rbnl a
c.
FiThpersemmayen
mourning. A material somewhat more elegant, and like-
ise worn in deep mourning, is called barpour. It is a
twilled tissue, composed of a mixture of wool and
silk. The dresses made of barpour are high to the throat,
or nearly so, and the sleeves are plain and tight to
the arms. For full dress, the skirts may be flounced,
each. flounce being edged with crape ; the corsages
halt-high, and the sleeves demi-long, with under sleeves
of crape. Shawls for neglige are of merino
.cashmere,
edged with crape or fringe; or, for a superior style of
costume, a mantelet of crape, with two deep volants.
The
mantelet may be either lined with thin silk, or worn
unlined. A high dress, either of barpour or silk, is
trimmed up the front with ornaments of passementerie
or jet. For very deep mourning, crape bonnets, trim-
med with crape, are indispensable. For more slight
mourning, black feathers, crepes, and black flowers
with bugles may be appropriately substituted for crape.
For full dress mourning there have lately been intro-
duced some very beautiful feathers, called sanles, or
willows, consisting of small,and very light ostrich plumes,.
craped, and bespangled with jet.

ARTESIAN WELLS AT VENICE.—As the first well
of the kind bored on Campo St. Paolo has yielded satisfactory
results, another has been made, of late, on the same locality.
At a depth of 60 metres strata of grit were attained, which
being perforated, yielded an abundant stream of water. The
column rises eight
thorough
above the ground, and yields
every minute 160 litres of water. It created a though
astonishment with the assembled multitude, that the stream
of water, being brought in contact with a flame, burnt in a
most vivid manner, which is produced by the carburetted
hydrogen gas it contains. This gas, which is often a comi-
_taut of artesian springs, has been used for ages past as a
means of lighting coal-mines in China, where it astonished
-some of the French missionaries, even before the introduction
of gas-lighting in Europe. It is, however, an important
question, whether such hydrogenized water as that of
Venice will turn out potable.—The Builder.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Morning .. 2 minutes after 8. 1 Evening .. 38 minutes after S.

14, -
_0111•111.4, /
i4r
•• temb..:lll Alt,- •
- 4111. 6-1' ox,gb
,:tta 4