The Sun.
London, England, 1841-11-20 00:00:00

cultivating the land of some distant settlement. ,
If the Government were not to assume that au-
thority, and were not to undertake this direc-
tion, it is clear that the capital and labourers
would not go where the Government would di-
rect them. So to direct them, therefore, con-
eravenes the soundest, the best established, and
most thorough-going principle of the science
first reduced into order by SMlTH—the principle
that every man is the best judge of his own in-
terest, and the most advantageous mode of em-
ploying his own capital and industry. The con-
travention is, however, only a continuation of
the system of attempting to direct men to em-
plyy their labour and capital in agriculture in-
stead of manufactures, which the Tories approve
of, but which the Liberals condemn. To carry
out their system to all its conclusions is con-
sistent in them ; but for the Liberals to object
to the Corn-laws, and to support the Govern-
ment in directing emigration, is as silly as the
recruit who mutilf.tes himself to escape military
service, and is made to pass his life in the galleys.
On these general principles we oppose the •
plan of Government takingup the scheme of pro-
moting- emigration. We should oppose that at
all times; but for the Government to adopt it
as a panacea for thi, existing distress, is an at-
tempt to bolster r.p one gross interference with
capital and industry by another. The object of
it is to prolong an act of oppression and injustice.
If :Ministers :adopt the plan, it is to give a respite
to the Corn.-laws—to maintain and extend the
dominion of the aristocracy and the priesthood.
It is dou'otful, at the same time, whether it will
relieve -the national distress. The number of
persons who emigrated in 1840 was no less than
83,746; and, according to the accounts from the
manufacturing districts, which state that our
best workmen are fast emigrating—looking, too,
at the wast number of uninhabited houses in the
kingdom, 162,756, or one-seventeenth of the
whole—we cannot assent to the assertion that
emigre tiou requires to be fostered by a bounty, or
proinot,?..d by the interference of Government.
We fbnd from Parliamentary Returns that the
number- of emigrants who went to North
Americ a. alone, in the eleven years ending with
1839, IN 545,216, of whom 273,723 went to the
ti ni ted ;States, and 271,493 to the British colonies ;
which r; ives an annual average emigration to
America , during the eleven years ending with
1833, of 49,564. Last year the number was
65,520. We have not under our hand any ac-
count of the emigration to all our colonies for
the Fame period, but we should set it down at a
low fig are if we were to state it at 10,000 per
year. Our readers are aware that, within a few
years, several new colonies have been founded,
and bounties have been given, from the sale of
lands al td other sources, to induce considerable
numbers to emigrate. We may state, therefore,
in round numbers, that 700,000 persons have
emigrate d during the last twelve years. Of late
the avez2age number of emigrants has in-
creased. Instead of any relief being the result,
the difficulties of the country have increased
year after year. Notwithstanding the formation
of so many new markets, which, according to
the Chronicle, should be so instantly ad-
van tag was, the distress and poverty at
home :have in no wise diminished. It
may be doubted, therefore, whether the fur-
ther transportation of labourers, and the further
exportation of capital, will tend in any degree to
lessen the distress ; and unless that were quite
certain, there is not the shadow of a reason for
tbt Government undertaking to promote emi-
g, ratio' a.

if the cause of the distress were inability
on the part of the people to feed themselves,
emigration might be a suitable remedy; but they
are capable at this moment of buying more food, by
the exertion of their vast mechanical power, than
they could consume, did not the unrighteous and
impious Corn-laws prevent them. There is no
surplus population in England, there is yet
plenty of land untilled, plenty of mines un-
wrought, and plenty of persons in other coun-
tries rmtdy and willing to purchase our pro-
duce. The cause
.of the national distress is
a whole series of unjust laws, of which
the Corn-law is one of the worst. There
is no want. either of a disposition in our people
to emigrate, or places to move to. The wide
world opens its arms to English artisans, and
some are now to be found almost every exist-
ing empire. They sluruld rather be wooed to
stay at home, by amending our legislation, than
be tempted or (J.:lven in greater numbers abroad.
An Act to 'raise a loan to promote emigration,
howe vQr 'temporary might be its provisions, would
only 'add to the mass of unjust legislation which
D.ready encumbers the statute-book, and would
increase the evils under which the people groan.

The promised letter from a Correspondent at
Edinburgh, respecting the persecutions carried
on against the middle arid lower classes in that
city, is withheld, in order not to expose the
writer to the tender mercies of the Inquisition.
It may be convenient, however, to notice the
proceedings of the Town Council regarding the
imprisonment of the shop-keeper, for selling
sweatmeats on Sunday, in whose behalf Lord
KINICAIRD generously subscribed three guineas.
Evidently aware of the public odium incurred
by such relentless severity, the Corporation ap-
pointed a Committee to investigate the matter,
who conclude their Report in these words
There is a suggestion they would respectfully make
to the Magistrates in regard to future cases of a similar
kind. The present prosecution was, it seems, gone into
at the earnest solication of St. John's Kirk Session. The
Sub-Committee suggest, that when a similar application
shall be made in future, it shall be in the perfect option
of the Magistrates to accede to it or not, just as they may
see fit; and either to refuse their authority altogether,
or to grant it under such conditions as they may think
proper.

It thus appears that the Kirk was the insti-
gator of these persecutions; and, like the Ca-
tholic Church in the dark ages, made the arm of
the civil power subservient to its malignant
spirit. The Committee, sensible of the dan-
gerous practice of allowing ecclesiastics to point
out how the law shall be adminished; rebuke
the LORD PROVOST and his Non-Intrusionist
colleagues; and, in language not to be misunder-
derstood, tell them to beware of listening a third
time (another victim is still in prison) to " the
earnest solicitation" of Mr. GUTHRIE'S Kirk Ses-
sion. But these cases are only two out of ten thou-
sand. The inhabitants of Edinburgh are tor-
mented in every possible way by men who pro-
fess to be the followers of the Great Founder
of Christianity, but who in practice are rebels
against his divine laws and example. He
loved little children—he rebuked, not his dis-
ciples who plucked the ears of corn, but the
wle:ed Pharisees, who made the observance o
Sabbath a cloak for every crime—he was
forgiving and merciful, lenient to the frailties of
i2uman nature, and abhorrred the hypocrites
who would inflict imprisonment or death for
the slightest breach of vain rites and ceremo-
nies. " His yoke was easy, and his burden was
light." Is that the character of the religion
which these modern Pharisees are vainly at-
tempting to establish in a land of liberty? The
following statements, for which we have the best
authority, will testify man of the name of
Bullock has been imprisoned since the 31st of
October, for selling one halfpenny-worth of lolli-
pop to a child during divine service—all the
principal reading-rooms in Edinburgh have
Il'en closed during the entire Sunday—
a stop also has been put to the sale
of milk, biscuits, and sweetmeats, to chil-
dren in the King's Park, a place frequented by
the humbler classes on the afternoon of Sunday.
For the last four weeks the police have entered
ahtoidtet, ryien o
d inratoerevteo seryre haoowmotf
isa goingllth
the second-rate
the bed-chambers of the proprietor's Wife and
of
allowed
telltvieenrdqautrioes
ant
inooytn s.reecsNtildroeettai
at drop
aaditrnoaspnt
othhfoestspeeli ltsyshroomur
hnn
ees
is
find it convenient to dine during church service.
The Church in that devoted place is everything
—the very press of Edinburgh appears to be
muzzled, and Lord Provost FORREST and Mr.

GUTHRIE, and the other ministers of the Gos-
pel, seem bent only on making people take
seats .in churches, in order that the ministers'
stipend may be abundant. A day of reckoning,
however, will come ; the over bent bow will re-
lax ; scoffers and infidels will spring up in thou-
sandy:, as in the days of CHARLES II.; and even
the divine religion of the :;Ti!starnerA will
be brought into cont6MPtty; outrageous
conduct of these madmen. Are. At to blame
for calling them madmeni. yhen'tvittild one of
the principal speakers ,at she,. of the
. •
Town Council addressing,.loS,.,,colleagUgs (and
listened to patiently) in °, thc.,:fiillOi)tig „absurd
language? No Mornioniie eituJd indite greater
nonsense :

Dr. Macaulay said, some people might think it ti Small
matter to buy and sell such things as had been bo-ught
and sold in this case on the Sabbath-day, but
Scripture nnd experience warranted them 1D 71ewing
very differently even so small a matter P:, the purchase
practices whet the childre
of a few sweeties. If not taught tietter, did not such
;appetite for spirits ? and
‘iluarrelling, and lead to trial and
h'a't was the use of inviting the chit-
ilmidpr net spirits
t ? excite
:7 te t
drew to t;abbath school, if immediately Opposite the
scho.:ll.l.nere was a shop with sufficient temptation in it
tZ:break at least one of the commandments, which, in
the school, they were taught to respect ? He demurred
entirely to the sympathy expressed for a man who would
thus tamper with one of the divine commandments.
Much had been said about the misery which had fol-
lowed the prosecution. Undoubtedly sin must breed
sorrow ; but that should be considered before thesiwwas
committed.

Had such men as Dr. MACAULAY and Lord
Provost FORREST, and the Rev. T. GUTHRIE,
lived in Judea during the reign of TIBERI us, and
been the chief men of the Synagogues, our
SAVIOUR would have been crucified before his
divine mission was completed, and the people of
Christendom would have been still heathens, or
Pagans, or circumcised adopted Jews.

We direct attention to the energetic resolu-
tions adopted, with unabated hope, by the Anti-
Bread-tax League at Manchester, on Wednesday,
and inserted in another p.u•t of The Sun. We
arc rejoiced to see that the League continues
steady to its resolve to promote measures, with
all its power, for the total and immediate repeal
of the Bread-tax. Nothing less will satisfy the
justice of the case, and nothing less will they
get so easily as that which justice commands.

The Report of the Peers' Committee on the
subject of QUENISSET'S conspiracy, occupies the
leading columns of the French journals received
this morning. Those on the Liberal side ridi-
cule, as they well may, the solemn pomp of
the Chamber of Peers assembled to try a
handful of madmen, whom the Journal des
Debats and the other, organs of the Court
had previously represented as formidably
menacing the existence of social order
in France. Had a conspiracy existed of
the kind intimated by the Debats, it is not
in the columns of that paper that we should
first hear of it. The National contrasts the
conduct of the Belgian Government in the affair
of the conspiracy at Brussels with that of the
French Ministry in the case of QUENISSET and
his accomplices, from which it draws conclu-
sions most unfavourable to the SOULT-GUIZOT
Cabinet. "In Belgium" says that Journal,
" where the conspiracy had ramifications ex-
tending even to the army, the Government
thought it wise and prudent to give as little
importance as possible to the affair, and
even to turn it into ridicule. Here the
direct reverse of such prudent conduct is
shown." The National forgets that it is because
the conspiracy of QUENISSET is so very ridiculous
that the Government exaggerates it so much.
The Government is afraid of setting all France
laughing at the solemn humbugging of the Court
of Peers. This Journal says :

" Here a handful of madmen receive as theories the
dreams of some enfans perdus of the materialist philo-
sophy of the eighteenth century, and whose means of
action consist of only two pistols and a bad receipt
for making gunpowder. Why is so much importance
attached to these poor creatures, that in order to try
them one of the great political bodies of the State is
called together? Why, even in acknowledging, as M.
Bastard has done in his Report, that they are a handful
of men too feeble and too disunited to merit the name
of a sect, is a quarto volume printed to show that
this handful of men places the State in peril ? The
reason' of this difference between the Belgian and
French Governments is, that in Belgium the Orangeist
conspiracy is a real and serious affair, and it is felt that
it is good policy to diminish the importance of it in
the public eye ; whereas, in this country, the men who
govern us think they incur no danger in giving such gi-
gantic propositions to a plot, which had its birth in a
tap•house, from which it never emerged into the world.
If there had really been any danger for the Govern-
ment, for property, and for established order, in the
petty communist and other associations, on which M.
Bastard has bestowed his lucubrations, so much
would not be said of them, and certainly so much
pains would not be taken to exaggerate their import-
ance. If they are held up as a phantom to terrify the
public mind ; if by bringing the Communists before the
Court of Peers, a sort of pedestal is made for them, it is
because it is well known that their folly is not conta-
gious, and that there is no danger in assigning to them
an importance which they do not possess."
The article of the National concludes as follows :
"We should never finish if we were to examine
in all
long and
and indigestible report of M.
all this grand scaffolding
Bastard, i tsd taanilds, e
tt o he
shloo,nv
of conspiracy has been built upon the pretended
disclosures of a wretch, who, upon his own con-
fession, became an assassin from fear, as ho ,
doubtlessly from fear has now became a denunciator.
We think the Court of Peers will be weary and ashamed
of the part which it is called upon to perform, and that
it will disperse with a breath these phantoms of imaginary
plots got up by an odious Ministry, in order to maintain
itself in spite of France and against France."
The Coinmerce takes nearly the same view as the .Na-
//end. We have room only for the following extract :
" The extreme indifference with which the report
of M. de Bastard has been received shows that
the public mind is no longer to be worked
upon by the phantasmagoria with which it has
been continually terrified for the last ten years. There
must be other and very different men from Quenisset and
Boucheron to make us believe that society is in danger
of or near convulsion. There are in France, as in all
countries, turbulent and bad passions, which require to
be watched, but when they are manifested in so absurd
and impotent a manner, the danger is certainly not great."
It was reported in Paris on Thursday that
Prince METTERNICH had entirely approved of
Louis PHILIPPE'S plan of an European Con-
gress to settle the affairs of Spain. There is some
difficulty about Prussia, as that Power refuses to
enter into the question at all, unless Don CAR-
LOS be first set at liberty.
The Clermont papers state that the number of per-
sons in detention fur participating in the late disturb-
ances there is 60, and that from 30 to 40 of them will be
brought to trial. An extra Session of the Court of As-
sizes is to be held for this purpose.
A female, aged 23, an inhabitant of one of the com-
munes of the Basses-Pyrenees„ was lately brought to
bed of three children, who are all living, and suckled
by the mother.
A letter," says the Sentinelle of Bayonne, " has been
found written by Monies de Oca to General O'Donnell,
in which he says:—` This infamous town (Vittoria) has
sold us. Its municipality has written to Zurbano that it
will not resist, but will deliver me up. We must, there-
fore, abandon Vittoria, and take our departure this very
night. We shall go to Bergara. where I hope your Ex-
cellency will join us ; for to-morrow the town will be
occupied by 6 battalions and 300 horse, commanded by
Aleson."

A letter from Tabriz, in Persia, dated the 3d of Sep-
tember, in the Leipsic Gazette, says:—" The English
Ambassador, Sir John M'Neil, has arrived here, and
been received by the Shah in the most flattering manner.
It is hoped that English influence will regain ground—
that of France is entirely gone, and Rue ian influence
is on the decline. General Damas is the only Frenchman
who has arrived in Persia who has found means to get
into favour with the Shah. Some Lazarist Missionaries
having lately resorted to violent means for the convenion
of the infidels, it is believed that the Persian Govern-
ment will order the Lazarists and Jesuits out of the
country. and the French Ambassador will find it diffi-
cult to prevent the order from being carried into exe-
cution."

There was a rumour on Change (says the Courrier
Francais) of the approaching dissolution of the Ministry.
Some persons announced that M. G uizot and M. Hu-
mann would retire ; others contented themselves with
saying that the Ministry was in such a state of dis-
organisation, that it could not survive the week.
The Minister for Foraign Affairs is himself sensible
of the necessity of a ministerial modification ; some say
he has made overtures to Messrs. Dufaure and Pussy.
The lesson has not been thrown away, only there are
persons who, instead of striving to support M. Guizot,
think they can exclude and supplant him.- Constitutionnet
The mails from Havre, Bordeaux, Marseilles, and
London, had not arrived this morning when we went to
press. We never before had such a delay at this season
as we have had within these few days.
While corps of observation are forming in the North
and the South, the disarming of the coasts is commenced
as a preliminary to disarming the fleet. 'We have
already published some notices on the subject. To-day
we find in the National de T Orient the following letter
from Belle Isle en Mer of the 10th of November (the
date is recent) :
" The disarming hqs commenced to-day ; the De la

Montagne has been disarmed. The soldiers of the gar-
rison are employed in removing the bombs and balls to
the citadel. The soldiers who occupy the forts round
the coasts are to return immediately to the Ville
de Palais, as the coast is not to be any longer guarded,"
We ask again what is the meaning of all ethi-
tradictory proceedings? All the journals of the northern
departments are still full of details of the movements of
troops for the formation of the corps of observation.
We should not be surprised to learn soon, from the
same journals, that all these troops are moving in a con-
trary direction, and are returning to the places from
which they came, for we are told that counter orders
have been sent from Paris. It was said long ago
Order and counter-order--disorder. This is surely the
motto of our War Department. Who gains by all this?
The army contractors of 5.2.1 kinds. But the Budget is
swelled and useful pttYlic works are delayed.—Commerce.
BOURSE—PAms, WEDNESDAY, Nov. 17.

lest Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Prics, Prier.
French 5 ..... . 116 10 ... 116 20 ... 116 10 ... 116 15
per Cents lOl 75 101 75 101 75 101 75
3 per Cents Bl 5 80 15 ... 80 5 ... 80 15
Kink or trance
Laffitte Bans 1.0001. Slams 1040 ...le4o ...I(40 ...1040
rreivan-flank,lBll 767 50 ... 775 ... 767 50 ... 7 5
Belgian 5 per Cents.
5 ;.er Cent!., 1840 ... 102 g ... 102%182,4
insnush Active ...... 22% t 2% .2.4% 22%
Neapoittsn
Roman, tx. div 102,4 ... 102% ... 102% ... 102%
RAILWAY SHARP'S.
Versailles. L.B 2ds ... 205 ... 20S ... 205
R. B 316 25 ... 316 15 ... 316 25 311 25
!tenon 455 ... 455 455 ... 455
(Means „
Strasburetoßalr.shares red 230 .. 231 25 ... 230 231 25

From Madrid we have news of the 11th inst.
We regret to have to announce two other exe-
cutions, one on that day in the capital, in the
person of the unfortunate Colonel FuLoosio,
and the other of a priest at Bilbao, by order of
the remorseless Brigadier-General MARTIN
ZURBANO. The ecclesiastic, whose name was
ZAVALA, was a guerilla chief, and therefore bad
in some sort divested himself of the priestly cha-
racter, as well as functions. General SOANE
had been appointed to succeed VAN HALEN as
Captain-General of Catalonia; and on the 9th the
REGENT published a decree, energetically con-
demning the proceedings at Barcelona, and
threatening to punish their authors. The instant
this missive reached its destination, the Junta
took fright, and the members at once fled to
France. It was rumoured in Paris that the Go-
vernment had received despatches stating that
ESPARTERO had entered Barcelona, and that the
city was perfectly tranquil.

We regret to state that the police have com-
menced anew their crusade against publicans for
allowing customers to remain in their houses
after twelve o'clock on Saturday night. Three
were fined yesterday at Marlborough-street
police-office, though in no case was it proved, or
attempted to be proved, that refreshment bad
been served after that hour. Several Magis-
trates have decided that the Act, if it applies at
all, can apply only to the furnishing of liquors,
but Mr. Hardwick, who appears to be a disciple
of the Agnewite school, ruled otherwise, and
punished the defendants with all the relentless
severity of this unfeeling sect. When will the
publicans unite for their own protection against
the spies that infest their houses?

Tlie Gazette of last night contains a Treaty
of Navigation between her Britannic Majesty and
the King of Sardinia, signed at Turin, Septem-
ber 6, 1841, which has already appeared in The
Sun.

We call the attention of our musical readers
in the north to a letter from an Edinburgh Cor-
respondent, respecting the appointment of a
Professor of Music in the University of Edin-
burgh. It would, indeed, be difficult to find any
individual in this country who could furnish such
testimonials as those which Mr. Muller can pro-
duce, from almost every Harmonic Society in
Europe.

DISTRESS
IN SPITALFIELDS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR—Accept my hearty thanks for your ex-
cellent article in The Sun of this morning in
behalf of the poor and really distressed people
of Spitalfields. It is, indeed, a glorious Sun to
the poor and suffering people in this district.
I have enclosed to you a copy of a note I sent
to the Lord Mayor on the 18th instant.
You, Sir, deserve, and may justly claim the
first prize in this great and good work, for ori•
ginating this public undertaking. You have
thus justified my feelings in favour of the
press, expressed in my note to the Lord Mayor,
nameiy—" That the public press, to its great
honour, is always unanimous in pleading the
cause of the poor and distressed."
Now, Sir, the amount of the distress in this
kingdom is most dreadful. The people of Scot-
land were the first to appeal to the benevolent
' people in London. The press placed that appeal
before us. The answer was prompt, and the
first fruit came from Sir Robert Peel, followed
by some others of her Majesty's Ministers.
Now, Sir, may we not fairly calculate upon
Sir Robert's sanction and liberal support in favour
of our own distressed fellow-subjects, and all her
Majesty's servants ?
May we not also calculate on the benevolence
of all our Bishops and Clergy, our Princes,
Dukes, _Lords, and Conanons, and all in authority
over us?

May we not fully depend on all our rich
bankers, the great and wealthy merchants, and
the thousands of private individuals who are
blessed with the riches of this world?

It is, Sir, to the higher orders we must look to
raise such a subscription as will be equal to meet,
or in any degree mitigate, the awful distress.
which now exists in this once happy old England.
his not in the power of the middle classes to
contribute. The distress now existing amongst
tradesmen and shopkeepers is so great, that it is
notorious there are many thousands in the City
of London and its neighbourhood, who are unable
to pay their Assessed Taxes, so that there is only
one step down to place them on the list of charity.
Your obedient servant,
JOHN NICHOLSON.

TO THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD MAYOR.
MY LORD—The numerous meeting at Guildhall
last night, held on behalf of the expatriated Poles,
is a noble proof of the benevolent feelings of all
classes of her Majesty's subjects, and that it is
only necessary to adopt and organise a plan, in
order to bring out the vast stock of benevolence
which exists and lies dormant in this great me-
tropolis, for want of some tangible means of dis-
tribution amongst the famishing poor. The dis-
tress in Scotland has been placed before us by
the public press, which, to its great honour,
is always unanimous in pleading the cause of
the poor.

I fake the liberty of suggesting to your Lord-
ship, whether something cannot be done in fa-
vour of our poor starving neighbours in Spital-
fields. The distress, suffering, and unparalleled
misery now existing in Spitalfields, and .which
must be daily on the increase from the severity
of the weather, can only be known to those
benevolent persons who visit these poor fittnilies,
with their numerous children in a state of
nakedness, and existing on a scanty supply of
potatoes.

-
lam quite sure that a great good might be
done if some plan is adopted, under your Lord-
ship's patronage, to draw out the benevolent feel-
ing which exists in favour of our distressed
neighbours, so as to afford them immediate re
lief; perhaps something might be done at Guild-
hall, as the fittings up yet remain, and would
save a great expense in adopting a similar plan,
for the same benevolent object.
I have named this to several persons, who all
express a strong feeling. on behalf of the poor
in Spitalfields—all that is wanted is to bring it
before the public under your Lordship's pa-
tronage.

I beg to enclose you 151. 16s. as a beginning,
and I hope, and have no doubt, that I can obtain
a considerable sum if sonic plan is fixed on to
carry out this good work.—l am, your Lordship's
most obedient humble servant,

JOHN NICHOLSON.
15, Fenchurch-street, Nov. 18.

FATAL ACCIDENT.—This morning, between
seven and eight o'clock, Robert Atkinson, a bricklayer,
aged forty years, expired at St. Bartholomew's Hospital,
from the dreadful injuries he sustained by falling from
off a scaffold two storeys high. The unfortunate man
has left a widow and four children to deplore his loss ;
they are totally unprovided for.
SUDDEN DEATH.--Last evening an inquest
was held at the Red Lion public-house in Upper king.
stree:, Bloomsbury-square, before Thomas Wakley,
Esq., M.P., the Coroner, on view of the body of Mr.
John Bazeley Took, aged 62 years, a gentleman of very
large fortune, whose death occurred under the following
circumstances:—The deceased was residing with his
wife and a niece, at No. 14, Southampton-row, Russell-
square, and on Friday, the 12th instant, after hav-
ing eaten a hearty dinner, he laid himself on the
sofa, and in a few minutes afterwards was discovered a
corpse, having expired without a groan or struggle. His
death is attributed to an affection of the heart, Verdict,
" Natural death."

It is generally remarked in Westminster Hall,
that notwithstanding the long vacation which has elapsed
since the last sitting of the Courts, the present is the
dullest and most uninteresting term ever remembered
by the oldest legal practitioner.