The Sun.
London, England, 1841-02-11 00:00:00

not see why their delicate neighbours should be
offended at the stagnate blood and offal of their
, slaughter-houses ; still less why they should be taxed
to relieve such delicacy. Dr. Lynch, the medical
officer of the West London Union, adds a similar in-
stance. In a place called Black Bear-alley, of about 300
yards in extent, forty cases of typhus fever occurred with-
in a period of six months. The City expended some 9001.
is draining and in improving the ventilation of this spot,
and the fever altogether ceased. But " the proprietors of
the houses gave as much opposition as they possibly could ;
the Commissioners of the City of London required they
should pay one.third towards the outlay, but they refused
to contribute ;" and there are, it appears, no existing means
of compulsion. Such facts not only evince the necessity
of a protecting power being exercised by the Legislature,
in favour of the public, and against the cupidity or preju-
dice of proprietors, but they also indicate a difficulty which
the public itself may, at first sight, shrink from encounter-
' ing. Beyond his own ground no landlord, as such, can
fairly be taxed for the drainage of a town or parish. There
must be something Ile a general system, and a correspond-
lag outlay on the part of the district.
(From the Morning Advertiser.)
We have received the following observations from a
Correspondent, but we cannot agree with him in all his
views. Admiral Elliot has given a greet chance away.
The Tories are feigning the utmost alarm lest the expe-
dition to Chins should turn out a complete failure; and
in the hopes of imparting a portion of it to the public,
have assured us that the latest intelligence, so far from
warranting hopes of an advantageous settlement, an-
nounces that everything is going amiss. We are at a
loss to know upon whet grounds they have built this
presumption, Events have certainly not justified the
inference, and the opinion of the mercantile world, and
of those most conversant with the scene of action, and
with the Chinese character, may be inferred from the
significant fact that the intelligence received by the
latest advises has had little or no effect upon that seri-
sitii e barometer in anything relating to the affairs of
China—the tea market. We have no doubt that such a
calamity as the abortive issue of the costly enterprise upon
which so much depends, from whatever causes it might
proceed, would be balanced in Tory estimation by the un-
popularity it might cast upon the Whigs, The avidity
with which their organs of the press seize upon the slightest
unfavourable rumour, and depreciate the greatest success,
proves how much they would prefer to see the failure of the
great national objects of this expedition, to witnessing its
favourable contrast with their own futile measures from
Lord Macartncy's embassy down to Lord Napier's. But
remote as is the scene of action, it is not under Whig
councils that such want of energy will be displayed. The
Governor-General of India is not the man to be either out-
witted or hoodwinked by Chinese cunning, as so many of
his Tory predecessors were.
( From the Times.)
The Journals of yesterday apprised the public of the
manner in which the poll at St. Alban's had terminated.
We say the poll, as contradistinguishcd front the " elec-
tion," because the election cannot, strictly speaking, be
considered at an end until the Member named by the re
turning officer shall have sat in Parliament beyond the
time limited for presenting petitions, or shall by the elec-
tion committee have been declared duly elected. The can-
didate defeatesl (pro tempore) on this occasion is Mr. Ben-
jamin Bond Cabbell, whose name and character have long
been known wherever there is a charitable institution to be
found within this country. This gentleman appeared, at the
close of the poll, to have had but 205 votes in his favour, while
his adversary had ever him a nominal majority of 47 votes.
And who was that adversary of Mr. Cabbell? No other
than the Earl of Listowel, an Irish Peer, who further de-
scribed himself in his speech to the electors, that he was
" a true Reformer," and of course (for the word implies
it) a steadfast enemy of corruption in the wry " broadest
sense ;" that he " desired to see all abuses corrected"—
that he " gave the Ministers his free and independent sup-
port, following the dictates of his conscience.' " /is
conscience 1 (" Hear ye that ?" quoth old R.,bert
Adams.) But the Irish Peer goes on It is ob.
jested to me that I am the nominee of the Govern-
ment, a Lord of the Bedchamber," &e. " I am
no nominee, but an unpledged man / unshackled by
any restraint"—save and except always that of his
" conscience"—" I am, it is true, a Lord of the Bed.
chamber, and that, I think, ought to be some recommenda-
tion to me, rather than a reproach. It is a recommenda-
tion that her Gracious Majesty has thought me worthy
of a high station in her household." Certainly, every-
body
must admit the value of such a recommendation,
it being well known that her Gracious Majesty is as
nice in her selection of Lords of the Bedchamber as
she is inflexible in her adherence to them when ap-
pointed. Lord Listowel, then, goes down to the bo-
rough of St. Alban's, as a pure and incorrupt reformer
—a conscientious Bedchamber Lord—and above all, no
nominee of the Court or Minister, but a man of
perfectly free and unshackled independence. To be
sure there were those on the hustings of St. Alban's
who dissented slightly from the above estimate of the
noble placeman's merits, given in by the Noble Lord
himself. Mr. Story, for instance, who proposed Mr. Cab-
bell, nearly laughed outright at what seemed to him the
unparalleled effrontery of his Lordship. " Unflinching
Reformer, indeed," exclaimed Mr. Story, " why, the thing
is impossible, it is incompatible with possession of the tinsel
of office, and the enjoyment of a large salary. The Noble
Lord is the instrument of the Government, sent down to St.
Alban's to repair their fellen fortunes at Canterbury and
Walsall, and those who hear me may take my word that
the whole of the Noble Lord's expenses in this contest
will come out of their pockets." As for the Noble
Lord's being " sent down " to St. Alban's, the thing is
quite notorious, and speaks for itself.
(From the Morning Herald.)
Neither Lord Melbourne in the Upper House, nor Lord
Palmerston in the Lower, have, in answer to the questions
put to them respectively relative to the case of Colonel
M'Leod, given Parliament and the country any assurance
that the Queen's Government have taken the course, and
the only course, that became the dignity of the British
Crown, and suited the exigency of the case, which was to
demand peremptorily the instant liberation of the prisoner,
or to take the consequence of immediate reprisals in the
event of a refusal. Any course short of this, after the cool
and insulting answers given by the Government at Wash-
ington to the civil remonstrances of Mr. Fox, would only
indicate weakness and irresolution, more likely to seal
the fate of the intended victim than to save his life. ,

...e.
If Ministers, since they received intelligence of the
abortive result of Mr. Fox's communications with Mr.
Forsyth, had, with the promptitude which the case de-
manded, taken this energetic and determined step, neither
Lord Melbourne nor Lord Palmerston would have been
afraid or ashamed to make it known. In such a matter as
this there can be no creditable motive for concealing any
part of the transaction. And yet, if it had not been for
the publication of the correspondence between Mr. Fox
and Mr. Forsyth, by the American Government, the Bri-
tish public would have been allowed to remain in profound
ignorance of that which has excited so great a sensa-
tion throughout England—the deliberate determina-
tion of the American Government to allow a jury of " sym.
pathisers" in the State of New York to perform the ope-
ration of Lynch-law (for it could be nothing else) upon a
loyal subject of the British Crown, for faithfully obeying
the commands of his Government, and discharging his
duty to his Sovereign and his country.
(From the it forging Post.)
It is impossible to have read the debate in the House
of Commons on the second reading of the Bill fo: pro-
longing the existence of the Poor-law Commission with-
out being struck by the vast preponderance of authority
in favour of the principle of that measure. We are far
from wishing to discourage in others, or being content
to relinquish for ourselves, that independence of thought
which refuses to be implicity guided upon any sub-
ject by mere authority, however high. Yet, when
we find the lending men of every party in the
State concurring in their views upon a subject of
domestic regulation—when we find a vast majority of those
Members of the two Houses of Parliament wi,o are known
to take the most active interest in the welfare of the dis-
tricts in which their respective properties are situated, and
in which they severally reside during a large part of every
year, concurring in the same opinion, and when we are
bound to acknowledge that among this vast array of
eminent Statesmen, of powerful Peers, and of wealthy
commoners, whom even the habitual antagonism of
party cannot separate upon this one subject, there are
few, if any, who do not enjoy and deserve in public and
in pi ivate life a high reputation for intelligence, integrity,
and benevolence—when we look at this overwhelming
weight of authority, it is impossible not to feel that anyin-
dividual judgment, in so far as it is opposed to theirs, can
but of very little value; that there is a boldness in dif-
fering from them which nothing but the strongest reasons
can excuse ; that in such a case vague (Lela:nation or
angry invective are as unseemly as they are futile ; and
that even such arguments as may seem most solid and con-
vincing to the individuals advancing them would lose
nothing of their power though produced with modesty and
relied upon with diffidence.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS

more hostile there than he was in the viclaity of the island
of which he had taken possession. Much is heard of the
refusal of the Chinese to sell us tea in the event of the
blockade being removed, or of a desire being shown by Ad-
miral Elliot to allow the trade to be carried on whilst nego-
tiations are pending. Now, the conduct of the ex. (lover-
nor Lin, and Captain Elliot, at the commencement of
last season, does not warrant the supposition that such a
policy will be resorted to, and the position of the trading
communities is very much the same. Tea has come down
to Canton for sale, and the Hong merchants are there
as crafty and avaricious as ever. Ships sailing under
all colours were at Macao laden with cotton and other
articles of import to an immense ♦alue, while mer-
chants, with an abundance of specie, were anxiously
watching an opportunity of commencing operations,
the Hong merchants pressing their Government on the one
hand, the European merchants urging their authorities
with equal earnestness on the other, to aid them in the
accomplishment of their purposes. And as the interests
of the two countries are identical, a repetition of what oc-
curred last year may be reasonably anticipated. Captain
Elliot, the Superintendent of the trade is, on the part of
England, the active Plenipotentiary though for Lin an-
other officer is substituted. Captain Elliot knows per-
fectly well the value and nature of the popularity that
must accrue to him from the sending home of another
season's supply of tiA. Ile is quite familiar with all the
advantages of commercial intercourse, and hence it is con-
sidered that he will not fail to do his best to promote it.
It is, we presume, in the faith principally of opinions
founded upon a course of reasoning somewhat analogous
to this that speculation has been for the moment suspended,
and the more cautious line of conduct adopted, as com-
pared with what was witnessed in the trade last year.
Besides which, the price of tea in the spring of 1839 was
for the common qualities, but Is. ld. to la. 3.1. per lb. ;
whereas it is now Is. 6d. to Is. 83. per lb. The same scope
far speculation is not, therefore, afforded ; and whenever
the negotiations shall terminate amicably, pace prices
may be again expected to prevail.

lIE R. A I.l).—The impression made by the M`Lood
case alluded to yesterday as considered of a most serious
complexion, has been, viewed to-day, after the additional
light cast upon it by such ambiguous explanations as could
he extracted last evening from the Foreign Secretary, as
of a graver character still, and as one the solution of which
is barely practicable without an appeal to arms. It has
been strongly rumoured all day in the City that the final
instructions spoken of last evening by the Fore:gn Secre-
tary as to be sent off to-day, and which vain get to the.
United States a day after the fair, as usual in Govern-
ment business, are to the effect of conveying positive or-
ders to Mr. Fox, the British Nlieister at Washington, to
make his bow and take his leave instanter, unless Mr.
M'Leod be released from prison and permitted to de-
part in safety for Canada; but rumour does not say
whether any and what sort of indemnity is to be demanded
and exacted also for the atrocious outrage committed upon
that much-abused gentleman by the kidnapping pirates of
New York. in fact, however, it is believed that these
instructions from home will reach Washington too late to
save the life of Mr. APLeod, unless an appeal has been
managed in the meantime from State tribunals to the Su-
preme Court of Judicature of the Union ; for as to State
law, State justice, Stato Courts and State morals they do
not appear by any means so well settled and conclusively
organised as State execution in t`•e gouging, 13 nching,
and bowie-knife line. It is airily time to deal with
these pirates and marauders in a different fashion than
by diplomatic notes at Vv'aslaing.on to a ricketty Go-
vernment without the shadow of power beyond the
two or three miles of the district of Columbia where
the Government house and halls of Congress happen
to be located ; a Government, all vox et prceterea
nihil, in fact, whose authority disregarded in Maine and
despised at New York, as well as in every other State of
the Union, should be treated with contempt only abroad
when so powerless and pusillanimous in enforcing respect
at home. It may be remarked, moreover, that this Go-
vernment, so wordily rigorous in the matter of morals and
justice against others, is itself a standard patron and pen-
sioner of miscreant incendiaries and border brigands, for
not only was the infamous Bill Johnson of smuggling no,
toriety, who fired the Sir Robert Peel Canadian steamer,
screened from punishment, but lie has since been, and is
now, according to credible accounts, actively engaged in
the service of the pure and moral administration of Van
Buren at the rate of five dollars a day fire and blood money.
The facts and considerations here treated of as the current
talk among City people contributed to induce the persuasion
that war cannot much longer be postponed with the United
States, unless a Government more powerful to enforce
order and obedience to the laws at home, and more loyally
inclined to act with good faith abroad, come to be esta-
blished, is beginning to be general in the City, and of
course continues to affect the prices of stocks. Consols
are still drooping and fell to-day to 87 to 8 for Money,
and 83 to for Account.

SUN.—There has been a very heavy market for the
puhlic securities to-day, more so in fact than might have
been reasonably expected, seeing the absence of any
further foreign intelligence of interest. The fact, how-
ever, seems to be that prices are affected by the retro-
grade movement at Paris, and by the industrious efforts
of many parties to keep down the market, under the
plea of a possible collision with the United States, on
account of Mr. M'Leod's arrest and confinement. We
may mention, however, that money is rather tighter,
owing in sonic measure to the great impediments thrown
in the way of trade by the suspension of river and canal
navig,tion, not a single ship, for example, having been
entered at the Custom-house yesterday.
Consols gradually declined to-day from BSi to 878,
and closed at 88 for present transfer, while for account
they alternated between 881 and 88. Exchequer
Bills brought ss. to 7s. premium, and India Bonds 12s.
to 163. discount. Bank Stock was at 1631, and India
Stock at •246}. The Reduced Three-and-a-Half per
Cents. realised 971 to
In the Foreign Market there were a few sales this
afternoon. Spanish Active Bonds were quoted at 23i-
to 2:n ; Portuguese New Five per Cents. receded to
31,1 to 311 ; Colombian Bonds of 1824 to 221 to ;
Mexican of 1825 to 271 ; French Five per Cents. to
11 if. 25c. ; and Dutch Two-and-a-Half par Cents. to
491
The Railway Shares gave way. Great Western
were at 221 to 231 ; the New at 9i ; and the South
Western at 18k to 19i premium. Brighton were about
71, and South Eastern 16k discount. British North
American Bank shares realised 5 dis.

STATE OF GLASGOW IN 1583 92.

(WEDNESDAY EVENING.)
PO S T.—The disclosures made in the House of Com-
mons last night respecting the seizure of Mr. M'Leod by
the State authorities of New York have produced a marked
(keine in our public secui ides. It was currently rero.ted
that Lord Palmerston, having prom:unced the detention of
Mr. M'Leod illegal, had forwarded instructions to Mr.
Fox, in the event of his not being forthwith liberated, to
return to Europe. A favourable result to the trial is
hoped for ; but, in the alternative of a conviction being
obtained, it is considered very unlikely in this part of the
town that the American Government—at any rate the
party now in power—will yield the point.
The tea market since the receipt of the Chinese
despatches by the overland mail, has been comparatively
and, indeed, unusually calm. Oa the day of the arrival an
advar.ce of about one penny per pound took place in the
speculative walks, but the trade seem inclined only to buy
from hand to mouth, as their orders happen to come
forward, little disposition being evinced to " go into
stock," as it is termed. No surprise can be felt that
suche is the case. The experience of the last year must
bstrong in their recollection. The consequences of
the engagements entered into during that period are too
finresshimtielarad
rilts.ofputTrhhchair)yinvolving themselves so speedily
poli-
tically speaking, anoyrthminsag arebut
wnho
awt
t haware u
gthlita
tt affairsbe.
.ui
n
China, though
warfareo
that hnnesoet
commercially right, are, poli-
miralmEodlleiotonfiay,
the wisest and soundest counsel not, have
Laebldfubettephietn i s actingcle clear i nu whatn(ier
adopting the concilia-
toryhe has done ho has reserved to him
a shoot powerso, t heel. ‘layingole
waste, should it be found expedient' to de
littoral of China. Avoiding thins,
obxeceLting is
extreme cases of provocation or necessity,
en-
tered into preliminary arrangements for a negotiation,
•e
and is so far content with them that he had agreed to
prosecute the correspondence at Canton. sub,e_
quently, whilst he remained at Chusan, he ordered some
dunks
' to be restored to the Chinese, and removed
thei blockade of the river at Ningpo. With these
manifestations of a pacific tendency he will arrive
at Canton, and it is not to be expected that he will be

In tie last number of the " New Statisecal Account
of Scotland," are some curious details concerning the
manners and religion of the Scotch people at the com-
mencement of the Reformation. They are extracted
from the "Kirk Session Book" of the above date, in the
reign of James VI., which has lately been discovered
and decyphered with great difficulty. At that period
Glasgow contained less than 6,000 inhabitants, one
church in which religious rites were performed by the
clergyman, assisted by thirty-four elders, twenty dea-
cons, and a numerous body of Christian readers. These
read public prayers and the Scriptures, sometiees cele-
brated marriages, and administered discipline, which was
no trifle in those days. Great delinquents were pu-
nished by the pillory or a ducking in the Clyde :
Turning (says the compiler of the extracts) from
those who may be called office-bearers in the Church,
we may now attend to the members; and here,
following the session record as our guide, we find
that all were not indiscriminately admitted to ordinances,
as in some modern Churches, but, on the contrary, that no
parent could receive baptism for his child unless lie could
" distinctly tell the commandments of the E•ernal God ;
the articles of faith, and the Lord's prayer." When ho
was found ignorant or judged unworthy, "some other godly
man was to receive the bairn of the ignorant to be bap-
tized," and he was to be subjected to the discipline of the
Church.

The communion seems to have been celebrated more
frequently than once a year. The Commendator of Blan-
tyre, who, according to law, was required to provide the
elements, objected to furnishing the bread and wine more
frequently than once a year; but his objection was imme-
diately met and overcome. Several members of session
were appointed to taste the wine, and see that it was of the
best quaky. No person was admitted to the Lord's table
until he had undergone a satisfactory examination as to his
knowledge and character, and there were regular cateche-
tical exercises during the year. Those who did not attend
them, though they had been previously admitted to the
ordinance, were excluded. Any one presuming to sit down
at the Lord's table, who had contravened these rules of
the Church, was to be immediately " raised from the table,
and called before the session to answer for his absence
from his examinations, and for his presuming to come to
the communion."

The Church in those days wide sonic of the mach.
bets responsible, under a penalty, for the instruction of
their brethren :

Andrew Barrie was made responsible for Andrew Black-
rode and his wife, under the pain of ten merks ; John Park
for Michael Brooke is under the vain of 11. ; Robert Hut-
cheson for Janet Park, under the pain of 41., or become
cautioners and sureties that the said persons shall learn the
commandments betwixt this and the next communion time.
A singular entry in the record under this bead is
found in April 1592 :—" The session, perceiving the Sab-
bath to be profaned anew by the beggars and youth in the
tuwr, in bickering and bringing in of vain plays or dances,
that hereafter there be neither men's sons, apprentices, nor
poor ones, that shall be found to bicker on the Sunday, or
profane the said day by their plays ; but that the fathers of
the said sons, and the masters ut the said apprentices, shall
pay to the treasurer of the Kirk fur :he first fault 203., for
the second 303., and so on toties ploties ; and that the
beggars be banished the town for ever without hope of
their regress to the same."
The poor, too, were required to attend the public prayers
on the Lord's day, and only those who did so were allowed
"to get meat in the town." Thus did the Church make
her charity subservient to the spiritual welfare of the poor ;
and while the poor were cared for, no encouragement was
given to sturdy beggars. Application was made to tho Ma-
gistrates to disperse them. In 1536, they seem to have
stood in crowds round the church-door plate, and to have
troubled the coll. eters. It is ordained that they shall all
be put forth beyond the kirk-door and style, " except the
poor old woman who sits in the barrow within the kirk."
Tho writer, the Rev. J. G. Lorimer, of Glasgow,
thus concludes :
If we are startled in reading of kirk-sessions imprison-
ing or banishing serious delinquents, or sending them to
the pillory, or requiring them to appear several Sabbath
days in succession at the church-door in sackcloth, bare-
headed and beret. footed, or ducking them in the Clyde, it
is to be remembered that no rank, however exalted, was
spared, and that a special severity was exercised towards
ministers and elders and office-bearers in the Church when
they offended. There was no favouritism. A Lord Sem-
ple's handwriting is found in the record, acknowledging

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, FIAMMTARY 11, IX4I

TUALLERS.

sin, and for his offence he is required to stand in sack-
cloth in the presence of the congregation. In very many
cases it is to be considered, too, that the punishmentin-
flicted by the session, is all which is suffered fur that of-
fence. In such circumstances, even where civil penalties
are incurred, it cannot bt accounted undue:

SOCIETY OF LICKNSED VIC-

The forty-seventh anniversary of this Society took
place yesterday, at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-strect.
The great Room of the Tavern being inadequate to the
accommodation of the company which assembled on the
occasion, two other large rooms were appropriated to the
use of the society. The Governor of the Society ( Mr.
Lancaster) took the chair. The cross table was occupied
by the Committee and past officers of the Corporation
The gallery was filled with ladies, vveno appeared to take a
lively interest in the proceedings.
After the usual loyal toasts the Secretary read a Report
of the rise and progress of this Society to the present
time. To exhibit in a few words a general estimate of the
extensive benefits emanating from the Society of Licensed
Victuallers, it will be sufficient to state that, from its es
tablishment to Christmas last, the sums distributed from its
funds for charitable purposes are as follow, viz.:
From the Permanent Fund X110,014 13 8
From the Subscription Fund E4 614 10 9
From the Charity Box 3,527 9 6

Grand Total £208,156 13 11
" The Governor," " the Governor Elect," and " the
Trustees of the Incorporated Society of Licensad Victual-
lers," were drank with all due honour, and suitable
speeches made in acknowledgment.
Mr BLEADEN then proposed the health of " The Editor,
Secretary, and other Gentlemen on the establishment
of the Morning Advertiser," The Editor of the Morn-
ing Advertiser, he said, conducted that paper accord-
ing to his own views ; and be did so ably, satisfac-
torily, and profitably ; and therefore was he entitled to
their applause. Of their Secretary he could not speak
too highly—his services were equally invaluable and un-
remitting. And there were other Gentlemen connected
with the establishment, who, though not co often men-
tioned as the head of it, still rendered efficient and valuable
services. They were under great obligations to them for
the devotion of their minds, talents, and strength, to the
advancement of that excellent Journal.
The SECRETARY ( Mr. Blake) returned thanks, and the
meeting shortly after broke up.