The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANATARY n, 1847

NEW BIOGRAPHICAL WOR K S. paid "the cost of many great public works of a per-
JUST
PUBLISHED BY MR. BENTLEY.
manent nature" Still we must believe that Sinde is
I.
Sir HARRIS NiCoLAs's LIFE
TOPHER HATTON. Bvo. with Portrait, 58.b0 TIMES
und. OF so CHRIS- a most costly appendage! Besides this, Sir CHARLES
has supported ' a police of 2,400 men, 1,000 beim,-
THE LIFE OF
CIPAL MILITARY AN GENED
POLITRAL PEPE
ICA, CLOMPRISINGEVENTS OF MODERN THE PRPA- cavalry, out of the revenues of Sinde." So much
ITALY. Written by Himself. 3 vols., post 8.0., 11. 1 Is. 61. for the burden of this new conquest; so much
MEMOIRS OF THE MARQUIS WELLESLEY. By ROBERT for the extravagant disbursements required annually
ROUIERE PEARCE, REL. second Edition. 3 vols. avo., with for the continuance of British authority along the
Portraits, 2/. 2s.
banks of the Indus. But what is the reverse calcula-
tion advanced by the historian of the Peninsula ?
Why, it is to the effect that Sir CHARLES Name, has
paid into the general treasury the following perio-
dical surplus :—For 1844, 2,7001. ; for 1845, nearly
200,0001. ;7, for 1846, 310,0001. And it is antici-
pated that on the conclusion of the ensuing year,
ending in April, a surplus of somewhere about
360,0001. will be forthcoming. So much for the
truthfulness and the precision of the depreciators of
Sinde. Their figures are as vapoury and fluctuating
as an ignis fatuus ; their picture of Sinde is as un-
real and visionary as the) pictures disclosed by
the Fata Atorgana. Instead of a province calculated
to exhaust the exchequer of British India, we dis-
cover in Sinde a province, which, within a few
months of its occupation, is capable of supporting its
own institutions. Instead of requiring a payment
of her expenses, the Government of Bombay is
considerably indebted to its new territories for
its affording support to an extensive civil de-
partment and a numerous police. In simple terms,
the deficiency of from 3,000,0001. to 4,500,0001., is
transformed into a surplus of 512,700/. ! After con-
quering the country of Sinde by military stratagies
and personal prowess, Sir CHARLES Narme, has had
to conquer the opinions of his countrymen by the
internal administration of the territory with which his
name is so honourably and brilliantly associated.

IT.
THE DIARIES AND CORRESPONDENCE OP THE EARL
OF A/ALMESBURY. Edited by his GRANDSON, the THIRD
EARL. Second Edition. 4 Tole. Bro., with Portraits, 31.

MISS COSTELLO'S MEMOIRS OF EMINENT ENGLISH
WOMEN. 4 vols. Bve., with Portraits, 21. 16s.

TI.
MEMOIRS of RICHARD LOVELL EDGEWORTH, BEGUN by
HIMSELF, and CONCLUDED by HIS DAUGHTER, MISS EDGE-
WORTH. Now Edition, 1 vol. Bvo., with Portraits, les. 6d.

VII.
GEORGE SELWYN and HIS CONTEMPORARIES. By J.
HEANAGE JESSE, Esq. 4 vols., Bvo., with Portraits, 21. 16s.

BOURIENNES' MEMOIRSVIII. of the EMPEROR NAPOLEON.
4 vols., tiro., with numerous Illustrations, 303., bound.

IX.
DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO THE QUEEN.
MEMOIRS of HENRY THE FIFTH AS PRINCE OF WALES
AND KING OF ENGLAND. By J. ENDELL TYLER, B.D. 2 vols.
Bvo., with Portraits, 21s.

MEMOIRS OF GRIMALDI, the CLOWN. Edited by " BOZ."
With ADDITIONS and NOTES by CHAS. WIIITEHEAD. New
Edition, in 1 vol., with Illustrations, by George Crukshank, 6s.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
To be had, also, of all Booksellers.

Now ready at all the Libraries, la 3 vols.,
MRS. TROLL OP E' S NEW WORK,
FATHER EUSTACE,

A Tale of the Jesuits.
" While the social scenes make this one of the most amusing of
Mrs. Trollope's productions, the grayer portions of the narrative, as
exhibiting the most ardent passions, and the severest struggles of
the human breast, give the work a higher character, and entitle it
to be placed among the best examples of modern romances."—
Britannia.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlboreugh-street.

ALISON'S HISTORY of EUROPE,
IN MONTHLY VOLUMES.
This Edition is handsomely printed in Crown Octavo, price Six
Shillings each Volume; the First is published, and may be had of all
Booksellers.
Volume Second will be published on February Ist.
William Blackwood and Sons, 45, George-street, Edinburgh, and
37, Paternoster-row, London.

THE DRAINAGE ACT.

We return to the subject of reducing the duty on
tea, in consequence of a deputationfrom the London
Association, formed for the accomplishment of this
object, having last week waited upon the Premier to
represent the existing state of our commerce with
China, and the benefits to be derived from a sensible
diminution of the duty upon one of the chief articles
of consumption in this country. Our anxiety to
enforce the importance of this matter continues un-
abated, and we feel assured that a Free-trade Govern-
ment will not be found hesitating to give their sanc-
tion to the fiscal modification respecting the import of
teas, and in preference, we should hope, to a reduction
of duty upon any other article, so soon as the
state of the revenue will justify the recommendation.
The hopeful condition of the revenue, as recently in-
dicated by what has been officially laid before the
public, serves to enliven our hope that the national
exchequer will, without any considerable interval, be
so far invigorated, that the large deficiency which
must, in the first instance, attend a relaxation of the
duty to the extent desired, could, with a due regard
to public credit, be safely encountered.
There are some people who have been arguing that
any approximation to unrestricted commerce in tea
would not benefit the consumer, but only the grower,
for that the increased demand which would follow the
reduction of the duty, would only serve to enhance
the price in China. This is an exploded
dogma of the old school of political economists, whose
principles are being in rapid succession almost daily
consigned "to the tomb of the Capulets." It is pos-
sible, and natural, that where there is a sudden de-
mand, and only a limited supply of any article, that
the effect would be as indicated by these wiseacres,
but then it would be only temporary. The resources
of nature and the energies of man soon regulate
production by consumption, to the reciprocal benefit
of all parties interested in any particular branch of
commerce. But these sudden demands are of rare
occurrence. Not only, however, is a well-regu-
lated commerce antagonistical, generally speaking,
to inequality between demand and supply, but
laws affecting staple commodities, and in respect
to which a most extensive trade is carried on, are not
hastily repealed in a country whose commerce is in a
highly artificial state ; and the thousands of miles
that lie between China and England imposes another
salutary check against the existence of those com-
mercial irregularities, on the assumption of which it
is contended that a reduction in the duties leviable
upon tea would not advantage the consumer. The
best practical answer to be given to the ridiculous
apprehension entertained that China will be unable to
provide for our increased demand for tea, should the
duty be considerably diminished, is furnished, as Sir
GEORGE LARPENT aptly observed to Lord JOHN
RussimL, by the Custom-house returns, which "show
that while the consumption in this country had in-
creased from 5,000,0001b5. to 50,000,0001b5., the price
in China, so far from being raised, was at the present
moment rather lower than at the period when our
imports of tea only amounted to about :5,000,0001b5.
annually." It appears, moreover, that in years when
the trade has doubled itself, and when there has been
an extensive demand for any peculiar variety of tea,
our demands have been readily met, without any
advance in prices. Looking at the vast expanse of
the Chinese empire, its variety of climate, its amazing
population of four hundred millions (equal to one
twenty-fifth of the supposed population of the whole
earth), to the activity, intelligence, and indefatigable
industry of the inhabitants, it appears to us to be the
height of folly to assume—in opposition, too, to our
actual experience—that China would be unable to
produce tea in the quantity we should desire, under
the auspices of an amended tariff. We rejoice that
this subject is to receive "the fullest consideration of
her MAJESTY'S Government." Upon the moral and
commercial benefits that would accrue, if the
duty were to be only Is. per lb., we
have frequently enlarged, and need not therefore re-
peat our observations. It is a lamentable fact that
the import returns are considerably below the quan-
tity of tea sold under that name in this country, so
that the poor must purchase a deleterious article, and
the honest dealer be defrauded. Another grievous
circumstance is, that, owing tothe dearness of tea, the
humbler classes are prevented from using a whole-
some beverage as a substitute for the noxious stimu-
lants to which they now have recourse. Let but the
revenue continue to prosper, and we shall soon see our
countrymen relieved of these impediments to their
social comfort and prosperity.

I.
AN ANALYSIS and EXPOSITION of ACT
9 and 10 VICTORIA, Cap. 101. With an APPENDIX,
containing THE ACT, and OFFICIAL FORMS and DOCUMENTS.
By WILLIAM S. WALKER. Price 25. 6d.

AMANUAL of PRACTICAL DRAINING.
By HENRY STEPHENS, Esq., F.R.S.E., Author of " The
Book of the Farm." Price 3s. 6d., with Sixty-two Engravings on
Wood.

William Blackwood and Sons, 45, George-street, Edinburgh, and
37, Paternoster-row, London.

BIRMINGHAM and OXFORD JUNCTION
RAILWAY,
Persons requiring to Register Shares in this Company are informed
that the BOOKS for TRANSFER are NOT CLOSED, and that
Transfers can be registered till the 15th inst., without payment of the
Call. They;are reminded that, to prevent obstacles, the Registration
Fee of 2s. 6d. had better be paid at the same time that the Transfers
are deposited at the oftice of the Company to Birmingham.
January 9, 1847.

RAILWAY SHARMS BY PUBLIC SALE.
MESSRS. LAMOND and Co., RAILWAY
SHARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support anti patronage, and
to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c.,
take place every TUESDAY and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the
Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
favours, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectitilly
requested to be addressed.
11l Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day
orevious to their being offered ; aid advices of results will be
brwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds !imme-
diately disposed of according to instructions.
Offices. Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street, London.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
We do not take up the quarrels or complaints of parties with
other journals. We have quite enough of our own.

THE WEATHER.—Sox OFFICE, JANUARY 10.
THERNOMETER, Lowest, 28; Highest. 35 ; Noon, 32,

BAROMETER, 30.33.
WIND E., fine frosty weather.
JANUARY H.

THERMOMETER, Lowest, 25; Highest, 33 ; Noon, 32,

BAROMETER, 30.18.—WIND E., fine.

HIGH WATER. AT LoN1)ON-13RIDGE THIS DAY.
Morning .. 4 minutes after 8. I Evening .. 40 minutes after 8,

The general meeting the
Peers, Members of Par-
ament, and landed proprietors of Ireland has been
fixed for Thursday next, the 14th t ins ant, and is
to be held at the Rotunda, in Dublin. Circulars have
been forwarded to all parts of the country by the
secretaries of the Reproductive Employment cora.-
mittee, requesting the attendance of the parties to
whom they are sent, and that they should commu.
nicate the contents to the several landlords in the
neighbourhood, and urge their attendance also at the
proposed meeting, admission to which can only be
obtained by tickets. By a very proper resolution of
the committee the proceedings are to be confined
exclusively to the consideration of the social condition
of the country, and all extraneous topics and party
politics are to be strictly excluded. We do not,
however, coincide in another determination that has
been arrived at. It has been decided that the public
press is to be excluded, and that no part of the pro-
ceedings is to be published except the resolutions
agreed to and the names of the parties who may
attend. Now this we think a most injudicious course.
The great value of such a meeting is the full publicity,
the extensive circulation that may be afforded to the
sentiments of the several speakers. A very small
proportion only of those interested in the land will
be able to attend ; many will be compelled to remain
at home, attending to the pressing wants and im-
perative necessities of the poor on their own and the
neighbouring estates, while many others will not feel
themselves justified in expending anything that could
possibly be avoided, and which they would regard as
wantonly abstracted from the exigencies of the suffer-
ing poor. All such persons would anxiously look for,
and would be entitled to receive, a full and copious
report of all that may take place. The very differ-
ences of opinion may lead to something beneficial ;
but that is to be withheld, and the advantages of the
general assembly is to be restricted to the compara-

tively small number who may be enabled to attend
on the occasion. This is not as it should be, and we
trust that an alteration will take place that will give
the public generally full information. The meeting
is not solely one for conference and discussion ;
elaborate preparation has been made, the very reso-
lutions that are to be proposed have been already
prepared and circulated throughout the country, and
their adoption or rejection will be of little use unless

it is known what can be urged pro and con., either in
their behalf or in opposition to them.
The proposed resolutions are thirteen in number,
they chiefly relate to questions that have already
been. considered by the committee and distributed
through the country. Some of them contain excel-
lent suggestions, which may be most beneficially
adopted, while others are of a more doubtful charac-
ter, and will require some modification and discussion
before the principles involved in them are sanctioned
or approved of. They relate chiefly to temporary mea-
sures, rendered necessary by the present emergency,and
are thus termed in the circulars in which they are
enclosed. The first four of these resolutions are di-
rected to the supply of food. They assert the signal
failure of the present system, and call upon the Go-
vernment, in the most imperative terms, to take such
measures as will secure local supplies of food suffi-
cient to keep the people alive, and to sacrifice any,
sum of money that may be necessary for that pur-
pose, and declaring that any neglect or delay will
render them responsible for the safety of the people.
There appears in this something too much of the de-
pendence on others, that we have so often lamented
in the Irish nation. They seem to expect that every-
thing is to be done, that Government is to be all-
powerful, and that they themselves are to be spared
from all trouble—to have provisions made for the
people without any exertion on their own
part. If Government provide them with
means which, if duly used, will enable
them to provide for the wants of their own poor, it
is all that can be reasonably expected; and the at-
tempt to cast the responsibility of providing for the
safety of the people on the Executive appears an un-
fair attempt to evade and escape from their own so-
lemn duties, and to shift them on other shoulders.
We agree that everything should be done for the
miserable and starving people ; that no expense
should be spared to provide for their wants, and to alle-
viate their sufferings ; that not one single human being
should be suffered to perish in a Christian land, no
matter what may be required for the purpose ; but the
means must be fully and maturely considered. There
must be no grasping at temporary expedients that
may eventually lead to mischiefs of a more
dangerous character than those they are in-
tended to provide a remedy for. And the
landlords must consider that they themselves are the
parties on whom the first duty of providing for the
poor of their respective estates devolves, and that
they should be grateful for the assistance rendered to
them to enable them to discharge that duty effectually,
They call also on the Government to remove all
artificial impediments to the supply of the deficiency,
of food, by the temporary suspension of the naviga-
tion laws and the duties on the importation of corn,
and to permit such vessels of her MAJESTY'S navy as
can be spared, to be employed in the transport of
provisions ; and also demand that the unrestricted
use of sugar and molasses should be permitted in
breweries and distilleries, and that relief committees
should be allowed to sell food at less than first
cost to the destitute in their respective neigh-
bourhoods, and that their doing so should not
disentitle them to Government contributions in
aid of, their funds. Every one must assent to the
object proposed by these several measures, but very
serious questions will arise as to how far the means
Sanodmtehaotf
tmh ae
,baet
least,calculateda
utdo
ma
at ttauirne
et he
na ta
doebrjaetcite.n
the possible evils that may arise from their adoption,
may be fully inquired into. The fifth resolution re-
commends that seed dep4ts should be established by
the Government throughout the country. We are
convinced that every means will be adopted by the
Government to assist the landowners in having due
preparation made for the ensuing harvest, that the
frightful miseries of famine may be averted. But we
must again remind the landlords that it is they them-
selves that should take the first steps; that they can
only expect to be aided in that which is
wholly beyond their power, and that they
are not to look on in helpless imbecility while
their lands are lying waste and uncultivated, calling
on others to do that which they should at leas

_
attempt in the first instance.
The next four resolutions are directed to throw the
burden off their own shoulders, and to make it fall
on the empire at large ; and not exclusively on Ire-
land more particularly, not upon the lands which
would certainly appear to be responsible in the first
instance. These propositions, too, would require
some discussion, in order to convince those not now
responsible of the justice of the substitution. To
that part of the tenth resolution that declares that
each proprietor should be enabled to take upon him-
self his proportion of the baronial assessment, to be
expended in reproductive works on his own property,
and that he should be enabled thereby to discharge
himself from any further taxation in reference to
that assessment, we fully and entirely assent. We
have long advocated its adoption, and we are con-
vinced that, if judiciously brought into operation, it
would be most advantageous to the country. The
state of preparation for the ensuing harvest, loans by
the Government to railway companies, and a system
of emigration, form the topics of the other three
resolutions. We think the discussion of every one
of these proposals would be useful ; but to make it
really so, the press should be freely admitted, and full
publicity given to all the proceedings.

Tiflis, relative to the affairs of the
The German Journal of Frankfort has the fol-
lowing
c aueais u froms :
___

operationslatest ce o
in s receivedthat
quarter from
havethe
Caucasus,‘‘A cc
or
According
not been interrupted by the winter season. The Chief
of the Mundes has not been discouraged by the victories
gained by the Russians in northern Daghestan, for some
days after the combat which took place near Rataschi,
which cost the Russians more than 1,500 men, 4,000 of
the Tschetschenses passed the Terek, carried the ad-
vanced posts, and marching forward as far as
the environs of Kislar, made a considerable booty in
the mountain. At the same time a body of Schamyl's
forces spread terror to the very neighbourhood of
Gromaza, and although a larger body of Russians
advanced against them, they were not repulsed
until after some severe fighting, in which the loss
on both sides was very considerable. Camil Bey, at the
head of 2,000 Tschetchenses, made a fresh irruption into
Cachetin, where he was carrying on the war against the
Russians with alternate success and repulse. On the
Kouban the intrepid M.
ansour Bey had again taken up
arms against the Russians. It is said that he has rallied
around him a great part of the tribe of the Abchuses and
the warlike race of the Übichs. He has already suc-
ceeded in taking a fortress on the Kouban, and has even
threatened Jckatchergeod. er. These events on the left
wing of the Russian position has compelled the General-
in-Chief to dispatch considerable reinforcements to that
quarter. The energy of Schamyl and of his partisans,
who have resumed the offensive against the Russians, lead
to the presumption that operations on an extensive scale
will shortly take place.
" The Russian officers who reckoned on getting some
repose at Tiflis look very sad at these accounts. Schamyl
has dispatched numerous emissaries even as far as the
environs of Erzeroom, to preach up a holy war against
the Russians. He has lately made several expeditions
even under the walls of the Russian forts, and has in-
flicted a severe chastisement on those tribes who have
been faithless to his cause, which has spread great dis-
couragement amongst them, seeing that the Russian
forces have not been able to protect them. The par-
tisans of Russia are far from satisfied, and in spite of
the bombastic bulletins which are published at St.
Petersburgh, announcing the successive defeats of
Schamyl, affairs in the Caucasus are really anything
but favourable for Russia."

Advices have been received from Lisbon to the 6th
January by the Achilles steamer. The Miguelite
General, MACDONNELL, had been defeated by CASAL,
and expelled from Braga, with a loss of 240 killed.
The Miguelite force amounted to 2,000. MACDON-
NELL, at the head of 1,200 men, fell back upon
Guimares after the action, and eventually retreated
to Amirante. DAS ANTAS had not made any stand
at Coimbra, but, with the Marquis of Lou La's con •
tingent, was continuing
his retreat on Oporto, fol-
lowed by SALDANIIA, whose forces were in
possession of Coimbra. Several of DAS AN-
TAS'S men had deserted to SALDANHA. The
troops under VASCONCELLAS, after evacuating
Santarem, have retreated upon Abrantes, where they
are fortifying themselves. The Count De MELLo
still occupies Evora, and commands the provinces of
Alemtejo and the Algarves. SCHWALEACK is ad-
vancing against him from St. Übes. Negotiations
are still going on between the Miguelites and the
Junta of Oporto to form an union. To this, however,
SA DA BANDEIRA refuses to listen, and declares that
should it be carried into effect, he will resign his com-
mand and leave the country. The number of volun-
teers in garrison at Oporto does not fall far short of
8;000 men. In Lisbon everything was quiet, but
there was no business transacted.
The discount on bank notes has got up to 26 per cent.

Messrs. BARING, Brothers, of London, have con-
tracted for the completion of the next dividend.

Madrid papers of the 2d have arrived.

There were 150 Deputies assembled in the
capital. The election committee of the Chambers
was busy in the verification of the qualifications of
the newly-elected Deputies, and considerable curi-
osity was excited as to the manner in which
they would deal with the case of Senor OLo-
ZAGA, hut, as the names are arranged alpha-
betically, some days will probably elapse be-
fore they come to his name. He has, it is said,
addressed a petition to the Chamber demanding
to be set at liberty, or sent back to France. He
passed through Aranda de Douro on the 30th, so
rigorously guarded that it was with difficulty he was
permitted to send a verbal message to his family.
Among the first measures submitted to the Cortes
will be those for reforming the tariff, the tributary
system, and the monetary laws.

MADRID BOLBA7 JAN. 2.—The Three per Cents. were
done at 31i ex. div. for cash; the Five per Cents, at 20 ;
the Coupons at 18i ; the Debt without Interest at 6 ;
and the Vales at 81.

it is :supposed to settle the draft of :the Royal
Speech to be delivered on the opening of the
Chambers on Monday. This royal speech wig'
said, be of a remarkably reserved character.
No allusion whatever will be made to England,
except the usual paragraph announcing that the
relations of France with the different foreign powers
are of such a nature as not to permit a doubt of the
maintenance of peace can be described as such. The
Montpensier marriage will be alluded to merely as
yet further strengthening the family bonds that unite
France to Spain, and the incorporation of Cracow
will be spoken of as an event to be regretted (un
erenement regrettable), against which, as having
violated the sanctity of treaties, France had, as in
duty bound, protested. These, it is said, are all the
allusions to Foreign affairs which the speech will
contain.
The Minister of War has directed the intendants
of military divisions to forbid the victualling agents
under their orders to purchase any wheat in the
markets of towns, as the grain necessary for their
purposes has been provided through another channel.
The distress among the working classes seems spread-
ing in all parts of France. As might be naturally
expected, distress has given rise to disturbances.
According to the Journal des Debats serious
emeutes have taken place in the department of the
Vienne, in consequence of the high price of corn.
Several National Guards who attempted to prevent
sacks of wheat from being pillaged were disarmed ;
and even a body of gendarmes were obliged to re-
treat before the victorious mob, and to intrench
themselves in their barracks. These occurrences
took place at the market of Leucloitre, near Chatel
Herault.

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.
The Debats and the Presse still continue to specu-
late on the alleged schism in the Opposition camp,
which as they contend, notwithstanding the denial
of the Constitutionnel, still exists.
The most important document to be found in these
papers is the circular note of M. GUIZOT on the in-
corporation of Cracow, an imperfect copy of which
appeared some time since in the France, and the
authenticity of which was denied by the Ministerial
journals. The France of Friday publishes this famous
note textually, introducing it by the following re-
marks :
"On the immediate approach of the session, at the
moment when the Chambers and committees shall have
to take into consideration the diplomatic documents re-
lating to the question of Cracow, we feel ourselves bound
in conscience to publish integrally, and without a word
more or a word less, the famous circular note, on the
subject of which the Cabinet of the Tuileries ventured
but, timidly to contradict us. M. Guizot, we hope, will
appreciate our scruples on an incident which has
occupied the whole of the European press. He
will comprehend that there is in this more than
a question of amour-propre. It is a question of
honour; for, though there may be journals which
occasionally show themselves to be but little anxious
about the honour of the press, we hold ourselves
bound, both in our honour and in the honour of our
friends, and in the honour of the flag under which we
march, not to leave the slightest doubt upon our truth
and probity. The first note that we published contained,
it is true, some trifling omissions, but those, though
modifying the text, made very little alteration in the
tenor of the document. We were the first to recognise
these omissions; but, to deprive the organs of the Mi-
nistry of every pretext for denegation, we have procured
a new and perfectly correct copy, which we have now
lying before us. We publish it entire, in order that we
may this time give complete satisfaction to the Minister
for Foreign Affairs, and at the same time spare the
Deputies the trouble of going to search for it among
the bundles of papers that are about to be deposited in
the Chamber."
The France then gives the note, as follows :
" Sir,—The Austrian Charge d'Affaires came to me
on the 18th of the last month to communicate dispatches
from Prince Metternich, dated the 6th, announcing to
the King's Government that the incorporation with the
Austrian empire of the city and territory of Cracow had
been decided upon by the Courts of Vienna, Berlin, and
St. Petersburgh, and explaining the motives of this re-
solution. Annexed I transmit you a copy. On the 20th
the Prussian Minister and the Russian Chargai d'Affaires
made me a precisely similar communication. .1 rendered
an account of this to the King in Council. The King's
Government experienced from it a profound and painful
surprise. We received in February and March last,
as in 1836 and 1838, the assurance that the occupation
of Cracow by the.troops of the three Powers was a mea-
sure purely military, and not political, commanded by
necessity, and that it would cease with that necessity.
It is now said that a temporary occupation was not suffi-
cient, and that the measure adopted by the three
Courts is indispensable for guaranteeing definitively in
their states order and peace, incessantly disturbed by the
conspiracies and insurrections of which Cracow had be-
come the permanent focus. But, for the suppression of
the small state of Cracow to put an effectual termination
to these disorders, its independent existence must be the
only, or at least the principal, cause. This supposition
is not admissible. The frequently recurring,fermentation
of the ancient Polish provinces arises from a cause more
general and more powerful. It comes from the scattered
members of a great state violently destroyed, which still
agitate and attempt to rise again. Treaties which show
the existence of such facts cannot make the wounds, and
the agonies resulting from them, at once disappear.
Time, equity, a constantly active benevolence, and
long-continued good government alone can succeed in
doing this ; for these are the only means which the
present civilised state of Europe renders possible and
practicable. The sovereigns and statesmen assembled
at the Congress of Vienna judged thus. They wished,
even at the moment when united Europe was decid-
ing the partition of Poland, to give to the Polish nation,
and to the conscience of Europe, disturbed by that par-
tition, a certain moral satisfaction. They had, at the
same time, held out to Polish subjects a perspective of
ameliorations in the institutions and internal government
of their country. Serious disturbances may have inter-
rupted the course of this wise, and at the same time
generous policy, not, however, to cause it to be entirely
abandoned and abolished. Nothing can more ccmpro-
mise a Government than for it to declare that it is not
in a condition, even slowly, and by force of time, to fulfil
its promises, and the hopes which it has itself raised.
The destruction of the small state of Cracow may create
for Polish conspiracy and insurrection some means of
action ; but it may also keep up and even irritate the
feelings which these deplorable enterprises so obsti-
nately excite and revive. In the meantime it takes
from the influence which • might prevent them a great
portion of its authority. It weakens throughout
Europe in this painful question the principles
of order and conservatism, to the strengthening
of blind passions and violent designs. Article
9 of the Treaty of Vienna imposed upon the republic
of Cracow the obligation of expelling from its territory
all perturbators; and the three protecting Powers had
an undoubted right to insist upon this obligation being
fulfilled. But were there not, for attaining this end,
other means than an annihilation of the independence of
this small state, and the suppression of it? The narrow
limits of the republic, the immense strength of the three
great Powers in the states within which it is enclosed,
the rights of protection conferred on these same Powers
by article 6 of the treaty, everything, in fact, leads to a
conviction that measures carefully combined and vigi-
lantly watched over in their execution would have
been sufficient to combat the evil with efficacy, with- FIRE IN THE STRAND.—This day, at about hal.
out having recourse to these extreme measures ; past twelve o'clock, an alarming fire broke out on the
which, while overcoming some dangers, frequently premises of Mr. Taylor, who carries on an extensive
create other and serious evils. It was, in any case, the business as a printer, at No. 1, Pickett-place, Strand.
incontestable right of all the Powers who were parties Considerable alarm was created when the flames first
to the Treaty of Vienna to interfere in all delibera- burst forth, owing to the inflammable nature of the
tions and decisions by which the republic of Cracow goods on the premises, chiefly consisting of books, papers,
might be affected. Prince Metternich says, in his &c., and also from the fact of its being almost in con-
dispatch of November 6, that the three Powers had, by tact with the large printing establishment of Mr. Nex,
their own will alone, on the 3d of May, 1815, created which extends from the termination of Pickett-place
the small state of Cracow, and that they had afterwards nearly to Clement's-lane. Immediately after, the fire,
' presented to the Congress of Vienna, for enrolment, which apparently commenced in the underground por-
the convention entered into between them.' The King's tion of the buildings, had been discovered, messengers
were dispatched to the different fire-engine stations, and
Government knows not how to admit an assertion so
foreign to the principles, and even to the arrangements several engines were speedily upon the spot. A plenti
which constitute the public law of Europe. Independent -
ful supply of water being obtained, at a quarter to two
Powers, who treat on a footing of perfect equality, and all danger of further extension was at an end. Consi-
discuss their common interests, are never called upon to derable damage, however, appears, we regret to say, to
enrol determinations and acts adopted without their par- have been done to the furniture and stock in trade, both
ticipation. So far as regards Cracow and Poland, remi- by removal and water. A large body of the F division
niscences and public documents attest that prolonged of police were in attendance, and succeeded in keeping
incertitudes and long discussions between the representa-
order, and driving back the immense number of persons
tives of all the Powers at the Congress of Vienna pre- who thronged round the premises.
ceded the conclusion of the special treaty of the 3d May, We read in a letter from Berne of the 4th :
which is now said to have regulated the interests of the " Scarcely had the new Directory been installed in
three Powers co-participators in the division of Poland, office, when its attention was excited by grave events in
without any concurrence of the other Powers of Europe, the canton of Fribourg. It will be remembered that
The very text of the Treaty of Vienna shows that the about a month ago two popular assemblies were held
lot of Poland was settled by an European deliberation. at Morat, and that an address was voted to the Grand
It was with Poland that this treaty was first occupied, Council _of Fribourg, demanding that the Canton
as being the most important of the general questions
1,2, 3,4, and should cease to form part of the Ultra-Montane league.
5,
upon which it had to decide. Articlesln order, however, to strengthen this application, a
define the portions which each of the three co-participat- popular meeting was held soon afterwards at Este-
ing Powers were to have of the territory of the Grand
coyer, the chief town of a district bordering on the Lake
Duchy of Warsaw. Articles 6,7, 8, and 9 constitute the
of Neufchatel, and another took place in the district
republic of Cracow. There is not the slightest difference of Gruyere. At both these meetings resolutions were
The Council of
between these articles and those which gave to Prussia a further •
part of the states of the King of Saxony. The founds- State of Fribourg interfered to prevent inani-
tion to similar to those of Morat.
tion of the republic of Cracow is placed on the same line
festations, and the
Prefect of Estavoyer was ordered
as the stipulations which formed other states, created to arrest the two most influential members of the Li-
kingdoms, recognised the free towns of Germany, and beral Committee,la on the 31st ultimo, but they were no
sooner ce Fusel and M. Duruz, These
established the Germanic Confederation. Two articles arrests
of the general treaty of June 9—articles 10 and 118— rknown than the people rose, the tocsin was
took
s
make mention of the special treaty concluded on May 3,
sounded,
marched to Estavoyer, singing the Marseillaise. The and several hundred men from the villages
and they declare that the provisions contained in thist
treaty shall have the ' same force and value as if they had insurgents demanded the release of the prisoners, and
the prefect, taking alarm, set them at liberty. The
been textually inserted in the general act.' Most assur-
Council of State, when informed of these events, sent
edly, far from rendering the existence of the republic o f
commissioners to Estavoyer, and adopted means of
Cracow more precarious, these words, adopted and.
repression which have occasioned great
signed by all Europe, had for their object to give tohiet
It is said that there was a meeting yesterday at excitement,Bulle
much stronger and more authentic guarantees.
the chief town of the Gruyere country, at which
was resolved to support the demands of the Liberals it
King's Government is only exercising an evidentd right, the
and, at the same time, fulfillingEstavoyer, and it is added that the Governmentof
canton de Vaud has given notice to the Government of
the
an imperious u y,rie.
solemnly protesting against the suppression of the
Fribourg, that if it attempts to send troops to put down
public of Cracow—an act directly contrar o the letter
the liberal manifestations, they will not be permitted to
as well as the meaning of the Treaty of Vienna of the
passthrough theVaud territory, without doing which
9th of June, 1815. After long and redoubtable agirtaes
•
they cannot get to .Estavoyer. The affair is now beforeleh
tions, which have so profoundly ha.ken Europe, it is by
spect to treaties and the rights shey have rendered sacred
founded and can be main- the Vorort, but as yet no decision has been come to as
to the course to be pursued."
that the order of Europe is t
tained. No Power can force itself from them without at
the same time setting the other Powers free. France 1:11E WEATHER ABROAD.—It appears by a letter
has not given anyl
example of such an attempt upon the wl3 a contemporary has published, that even in Genoa,
policy of conservatism and peace. Franco has not tor- so much resorted to by invalids for winter quarters on
posed upon her by the account of its mild el:mate, there has been extremely
gotten the painful seen
and even the
treaties of 1815. She might rejoice at an act which severe frost, and all the adjacent heights, -
would authorise her, by a just reciprocity, never to con- shipping in the harbour, were covered with snow. The
sult henceforth.
anything but provident calculations
her own interests. And yet, she itis who calls to a the gardens, have been destroyed.
This intense cold
faithful observance of these treaties those Powers who was preceded by a fearful and destructive hurricane,
have gathered from them the principal advantages ! She which took place on the 14th ult.
with the maintenancof
it is who is occupied, above all, e REPEAL OF THE MALT TAX —On Friday, the
acquired rights and the respect due to the independence Bth instant, at a meeting of the Cheshire Agricultural
ci
stateety,fp
" GUIZOT. Protection S • held
übaliteCurffeawires,, it. .was resolved that
Dl' states.
in the presento
"Paris, Dec. 4, 1846."
it la inexpedient to
,& Council of ministers was held ou Thursday, promote any lUoTewent for a meal of the malt Tax.

A letter from St. Aignan, dated January 3, which
is published in the l?eforme, says—
" Disasters of every kind are being accumulated
on our heads. Inundations, dearness of provisions, and
riots,—l repeat riots; simple peasants, ordinarily most
peaceable, have had the great temerity to complain too
loudly of their sufferings, to menace the authorities, and
to destroy some measures used by dealers in corn which
were found to be deficient in capacity. This demon-
stration produced a visit from the officers of the Crown
to St. Aignan, accompanied by an immense military
force, when some poor wretches were arrested and con-
demned to pay fines and suffer imprisonment, whilst the
inhabitants are compelled to feed and lodge the troops
dispatched from Blois. Our small town presents the
most afflicting spectacle. At Tours the prisons are
filled to excess. All the towns in the neighbourhood,
as Romorantin, Chatillon-sur-Indre, and Montrichard,
are treated with equal severity. When will all this
finish 2"

In the same journal we find a letter from Yvetot
in Normandy, which says—
" The misery existing in this country is frightful
We reckon 300 indigent families out of a population o
10,000. Charitable workhouses have been established
where all the unemployed are received, but those
houses entail considerable expense on the inhabitants ;
and, notwithstanding the collections -made, and the
other means adopted to procure funds, it is to be feared
that the available resources of the town will be speedily
exhausted."

The Courrier Francais says—
"M. Olozaga did not apply for his passports at the
Embassy at Paris, as is stated in the Spanish journals.
M. Olozaga had not received at Paris the official docu-
ments connected with his election ; they were not sent
to the Embassy at Paris, but to the Consulate at
Bayonne. It is, therefore, only at Bayonne that he
could ask for a Spanish passport. Hs left Paris with
his French one."

The Council-General of the Roads and Bridges
have reported to the Minister of Public Works that
in their opinion, the site of the grand terminus of
the Paris and Lyons Railroad should be established
on the Boulevard Contrescarpe, near the Place de
la Bastile, and will require the construction of a
costly viaduct over the streets Moreau and Tra-
versiere, and the grounds of the new prison of La
Force.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on
Saturday at 79f. 75c. ; the Five per Cents., 118 f. 25c. ;
the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,242 f. 50c. ; Rouen, 907 f. 50c. ;
Havre, 691 f. 25c ; Great Northern, 636 f. 25c ; Avignon, 865 f. ;
Vierzon, 600 f. ; Bordeaux, 557 f. 50c. ; Basle, 217 f. 50c. ; Paris
and Strasburg, 482 f. 50c ; Paris and Lyons, 507 f. 50c. ;
Tours and Nantes, 485 f. ; Lyons and Avignon, 487 f. 50e. ;
Bordeaux and Cette, 452 f. 50c. ; Spanish Passives, 534.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JANUARY 9.
Boulogne and Amiens, 1514? —Central of France (Orleans
and Vierzon), 13 1/4--Dutch Rhenish, 4%—Jamaica South
Midland Junction, I%—Luxembourg, %—Northern of
France, 1014—Orleans and Bordeaux, B—Over Yssel,
2 j 4
dis.—Rouen and Havre, 27—Sambre and Meuse, 5%.

REPRESENTATION OF MID-
DLESEX.
The lamented death of Mr. Byng, which we this day
announce, causes an earlier vacancy for the county of
Middlesex than was anticipated. That Mr. Byng did
not intend to offer himself again has been for some time
known, although the public announcement by himself
was only made on the 31st December last. A requisi-
tion to Lord Robert Grosvenor to come forwitra on the
first election, had been in course of signature by the
electors, and had the full concurrence -of Mr. Byng
himself, who highly esteemed and valued the Noble
Lo rd. That requisition was in the following words:—
" TO THE LORD ROBERT GROSVENOR.

" We the undersigned electors of the county of Mid-
dlesex, having heard with much regret that it is not the
intention of our highly valued and faithful representa-
tive in Parliament, George Byng, Esq., to offer himself
again for re-election, and having, from your known
character and public services, a full conviction that we
shall find in your Lordship a successor worthy to follow
him, and fitly to represent the Liberal constituency of
this county, do hereby request you to come forward as
a candidate, and pledge ourselves to give you our full and
earnest support."

This requisition had been most numerously and
respectably signed, and left no doubt of the unopposed
and triumphant return of Lord Robert Grosvenor, if
the invitation were accepted by him. Until the last
melancholy duties are paid to Mr. Byng, no further
public demonstration can be made, but we can state
without doubt that Lord Robert Grosvenor will accept
the requisition, and that his return is sure.

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