The Sun.
London, England, 1847-06-18 00:00:00

RAILWAY COMMITTEES,

HOUSE COMMONS.—(YESTERDAY.)
GROUP VIII.
The Select Committee appointed to consider the merits
of the Bills comprised in this group met at the usual
hour this morning ; Mr. Young in the chair.
SOUTH DEVON
E(AMEN DMENT AND
EXTSIO NN).

The Committee was engaged the whole of the day in
searing general evidence in favour of this Bill.
The Committee adjourned at four o'clock.

GROUP X.
The Committee met at the usual time this morning;
Lord Clive in the chair.
EASTERN COI:INTIM; (=FORD TO TlL-
_________

BUILT TORT AND SOUTHEND).
The Committee were engaged the whole of the day
in hearing general and engineering evidence in favour of
this Bill.
The Committee then adjourned.

GROUP XXXIX.
TOILS AND NEWCASTLE (AMENDMENT
01' MAIN LINE).
The Committee met shortly after twelve o'clock, Lord
C. Wellesley in the chair, when
Mr. IidiIOWLES opened the case for the promoters at
consideable length, after which Mr. Woods, an iron-
master at Newcastle, was examined, with other wit-
nesses, on the general merits of the Bill, and in order
and
to
show the respective positions of the petitioners for
sgainst the Leeds and Thirsk project.

STANDING ORDERS COMMITTEE.
HOUSE OF LORDS.—(YESTERDAY.)
The following Bills were passed before Lord Shaftes-
bury's Committee
Lowestoft Railway and Harbour Alteration (near
Iteedham).
London and North-Western Railway (Coventry and
Nuneaton Branches).
Northampton and Banbury Railway.
Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway, and
Manchester and Lincoln Union Railway, and Chester
eld and Gainsborough Canal Amalgamation.
Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock, and Ayr Railway and
Ayresbire and Bridge of Weir Railway.
Dundee and Perth Railway (Alteration and Extension).
Great Southern and Western Railway Extension (Por-
tarlington to Tullamore).
Dublin and Drogheda Railway (Branch from Navin to
Bells).
Dublin, Dundrnm, and Rathfarnham Railway.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL.
The nineteenth anniversary festival of this excellent
society was held on Wednesday at the London Tavern,
13ishopsgate-street.
B. B. Cabbell, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., occupied the chair
on the occasion, and was supported by T. Wakley, Esq,,
M.P., J. Masterman,lEsq., M.P., Mr. Pendarves, M.P., H.
Ilumfroy, Esq., Q.C., Mr. Bain, M.P., Edward Wigram,
Esq., Dr. Rice, Rev. D. Major, Rev. J. Briscoe, Rev.
Sidney Turner, Charles Pearson, Esq., J. Braithwaite,
C.E., &c., &c.
On the removal of the cloth, the Benedictus having
been sung, and the usual loyal and national toasts dis-
posed of,
The CHAIRMAN proposed "Prosperity to the Free
Hospital, and associated with it the name of Dr. Rice,"
and, in doing so, alluded to the benefits which this
society had conferred upon the public; it had released
more cases than the three other kindred institutions in
the Metropolis, viz., King's College, Charing-cross, and
University Hospitals; an he was sorry that Sir Robert
Peel, in presiding at the festival of the King's College
Hospital, had omitted to make any allusion to the bene-
fits conferred upon the poor by it. The present society
was essentially one for the poor; its doors were open
for their admission without any letter or recommenda-
tion whatever. Poverty and sickness were the only
requisites for admission into the asylum. Since the
foundation of ;this charity, in the month of February,
1828, he was happy to say that 231,725 persons had
participated in its benefits, and he found that during
the past year, according. to the medical report, the
number of patients relieved by means of the charity had
been—

Persons afflicted with malignant and con-
tagious diseases 19,432
Ditto, suffering under various diseases
Accidents relieved and sent home BO4

Patients under the dentist

Total
In addition to the above, there have been 1,286
totally destitute persons admitted into the
wards, of whom 68 have died, and 1,189 have
been diseharged cured..

1,286

Total relieved
It was needless for him to dwell upon this amount of
good in order to enforce the claims of the charity on the
liberal support of the public.—(Hear, hear.) He was
ham to learn that the amount of debt was diminished,
but ate total amount still remaining was 5,246/. The
receipts during the year had amounted to 4,632/. Os. 6d.,
while its expenses amounted to 5,0171. 2s. If ever there
was a case made out for the liberal support of the
public, it was that of the Royal Free Hospital; and he
hoped that its friends and supporters would rally round
and support it with a spirit of increased liberality.
Dr. RICE returned thanks, and, in alluding to the
benefits conferred by the charity, stated that, in all his
experience in the medical department of the hospital, he
bad never witnessed any deviation from the strictest
rules of propriety on the part of those who were the re-
cipients of its benefits.
Mr. HIINFREY, Q.C., proposed the next toast, which
was, " The Duke of Buccleuch, the President, and the
Vice-Presidents of the Society." With respect to his
Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, it was a well-known fact
that a large portion of his princely fortune was ex-
pended in charities, and he felt convinced that there
was no charity more worthy of his honoured patronage
and support than that of the Royal Free Hospital.—
(Cheers.) It had been well said that, in order to depict
to lie mind in its full extent the horrors of war, they
must not speak of the extended battle-field, where the
mind was drawn from the contemplation of individual
suffering by the splendour and glories of the scene
before it, but that they must look at some desolate indi-
vidual—some weeping family robbed of its parent
and protector, and then, and then alone, would the mind
feel in all its intensity the full horrors of the dreadful
carnage; so in the case of the Royal Free Hospital, the
mind was drawn from the contemplation of general and
wide-spread distress and misery to a recollection of the
circumstance that more than 20 years since one single
desolate, distressed, and friendless female was found
dying upon the door-steps of a house in this metropolis,
with no one to aid her, and no one to succour her. It
was to the contemplation of that picture of dis
tress that this institution owed its rise, and it
would in the end prove a subject of rejoicing
to every humane heart to feel that the contemplation of
that bitter moment had been the cause of doing so much
good, and that the sacrifice then accomplished had been
the means of saving thousanrls and tens of thousands
from a similar fate.—(Cheers.) Had the friends of this
society wished to inscribe a sentence in which all good
men might unite in its praises, they could not have de-
sired it to be couched in terms more eloquent, or which
would strike more closely to the heart, than that heart-
felt sentence upon the title-page of the report of this
society :
" Foreigners, strangers, and others, in sickness or
disease, having neither friends nor homes, are admitted
into the wards of this hospital on their own application,
so far as the means of the charity will permit. All sick
and diseased persons, having no other means of obtaining
relief, may attend at this hospital every day at one
o'clock, when they will receive medical and surgical ad-
vice and medicine free."
Could any words state more forcibly the claims and
objects of the society than that simple sentence ?
(Hear, hoar.) An appeal was made to the liberality of
those present, which he was sure would meet with a
hearty response, on behalf of those whose life was one
contitued scene of misery and wretchedness, whose
whole life was like the roll of the prophet, written
within and without, and what was written thereon was
"lamentationumourning, and woe."—(Cheers.)
Mr. WAHLICT, M.P., proposed the health of the
Chairman. At one period of his life he (Mr. Wakley)
had been opposed to this institution, but he frankly
avowed his change of opinion on that subject. He was
now one of its most ardent admirers.—(Hear, hear.)
Other institutions of a similar kind, literally gorged
with wealth, and absolutely sleepy with satiety, possess-
ing incomes of from 40,0001. to 60,000/. annually, did
not effect such an amount of good to the distressed poor
as the Royal Free Hospital.—(Cheers.) The main
principle upon which this hospital was founded, and
which he most admired, was that disease and distress
were the only passports required for admission within
its portals.—(Cheers.) He had no doubt that this in-
stitution would soon become the model upon which all
other hospitals would be conducted.
The Criantitax, in a brief and appropriate speech,
Teturned thanks.
Various other toasts were disposed of, and the com-
pany broke up at a late hour.
In the course of the evening subscriptions were an-
nounced to the amount of 1,0951. Among the list of
donors and subscrobetrz,owe noticed the names of Mr.
Peadarves, M.p
Mr. Mastermansl.P , Mr. Shepherd, M.P., 211. ;
T. Wakley, Esq., M.P.,
10/. 10s. Lord So.athanadmepSoon,
5205/1. ; Earl Listowel,
5/. ss. ; Messrs. Reid
.5/. ss. ; Rev. Sidney Turner', 5/. 55.; Allen, Esq.,
;Jlrraithwaite,
,C.E., 10Z 10s. ; Jos. Tucker, Esq., 211. Thos. Fowler,
Esq., 10/. 105. ; Dss..
;11Dasrt.erximaarns,djeunn.,10Etscii,055./.;sivs
Cochrane,
liaxendale, Esq., 101. 105. ; Dr. Rice, (eighth donation),
51.55. ; Miss Fowler, 51. 55. ; Miss Smith, 2/. 25., &c.
The gallery at the end of the room was occupied by
ladies, who not only graced the festival with their pre-
sence, but in addition swelled the catalogue of bene-
factors to the charity by their very substantial donations
to its funds.
The musical arrangements were under the direction of
Mr. Jolley, assisted by Mr. Hobbs, Mr. Genge, Mr. J.
1.. Hatt, and Masters Pope and Baines.
Mr. Higgs officiated as toast-master.
The dinner and the whole of the arrangements were
each as to add to the already well-deserved credit of the
7roprietors of the establishment, and to afford satisfac-
'don to the numerous guests.

The Court of Assizes for Yonne, a few days ago,
co-,ldemned a young woman for the murder of her illegi-
timate twins, to twenty years of hard labour at the
hulks. Her father, who was an accomplice in her crime,
a,nd who earnestly pleaded that he did it only to save
the ,lhuracter of his daughter, was sentenced to death.—
GaliZ rani.

DERBY ELECTION
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16.—At nine o'clock this morn-
ing the members of the Town Council took their places
around the council table of the Guildhall, and W.
Mousley, Esq., the mayor, his seat as returning officer,
when the doors were opened, and every seat in the large
room was soon filled with voters and other inhabitants
of the town. The Hon. Mr. Gower and his friends took
their seats on the right of the mayor, and Mr. M‘Grath
and three of his friends placed themselves on the left.
The precept was then read, and also the Bribery Act,
after which the Mayor briefly stated the object of the
meeting, and hoped they would allow every party to
have an impartial hearing.
DOUGLAS Fox, Esq., then rose amidst loud cheers,
and nominated the Hon. Frederick Leveson Gower as a
fit and proper person to represent the borough of Derby
in Parliament.
Mr. MADELEY seconded the nomination.
A Chartist of the name of M‘Gyath was also nomi-
nated, and received with great cheering by the crowd.
The Hon. Mr. Gowan then rose, amidst great cheer-
ing, and stated his political views on many of those
questions that had been mooted by those gentlemen who
had moved and seconded his nomination. He thanked
them that though a comparative stranger amongst them,
he had during his canvass received much kindness at
their hands, and that if elected it would be his greatest
honour and happiness to promote their welfare and that
of the communityof which they formed a part.—(Cheers.)
The Honourable Gentleman stated that he detested
bigotry, whether amongst the Catholics in foreign
countries, or amongst the " No-Popery" party in
England—was opposed to church rates, and objected to
paying the priesthood of Ireland out of the public funds;
that the surplus resources of the Irish Church ought to
be appropriated to the purposes of education in that
country. Reason and experience had taught him that
free trade was beneficial to the country at large, and the
greatest guarantee of peace with other countries. He
was an advocate for shortening the duration of Parlia-
ments, and his opinions in favour of vote by ballot had
been confirmed during his canvass, where he had met
with many parties who had wished him success, and pro-
mised that if he were endangered by a Tory they would
come to the rescue, who otherwise were inclined, from a
fear of their superiors or employers, not to vote at all.
He should do all he could to put an end to such a spirit
of cruel intimidation. The Hon. Gentleman then went on
to deplore the extreme views of many Dissenters on the
subject of Government aid in education, and hoped they
would never allow those things to give an advantage to
their common enemy—the Tories. He (Mr. G.) repudiated
the doctrine of finality as it respected the franchise,
which he thought should be extended. Many were now
excluded by education and otherwise that ought to be
admitted to so great a privilege ; but the
.best friends of
this cause were those who promoted education—enlighten
the people, and then their cause is irresistible.—
(Cheers.) He did not look upon the Government
scheme of education as a perfect plan. Money WAS
proposed to be given to aid voluntary efforts—
this was soon objected to by those who in 1839, when
such a measure was proposed, not only unopposed
it, but petitioned for it ; therefore, however greatly
he respected the body of dissenters, he deprecated the
divisions they might create on this subject.—(Cheers.)
The Hon. Gentlemen then referred to other measures
affecting the amelioration of the condition of the work-
ing classes, and the removal of taxes from articles of
necessity, to which he should give his attention, if re-
turned their Member, and hoped that if ever he voted
against their interests in this respect, it would be an
error of judgment and not of the heart.—(The Hon. Gen-
tleman sat down amidst loud applause.)
After a long speech from Mr. MGRATH,
The MAYOR called upon the electors for a show of
hands, stating that none were eligible to do so but such
as were voters, and after declaring the same to be in
favour of the Hon. Mr. Gower, his Worship declared
the Hon. F. Leveson Gower duly elected, who returned
;hanks in a few words, and the return was there and
,hen made, the proceedings having lasted three hours.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS.
JUNE 15.—Sir John Rennie, president, in the chair.
The paper read was, " On the law which governs the
discharge of elastic fluids under pressure, through short
tubes and orifices." By William Fronde, M. Inst. C.E.
The subject of the paper admitted of a much longer
communication than could be read at one meet-
ing, and the train of reasoning was such as
could scarcely be perfectly entered into on merely
hearing it read ; nor is it possible within our limits
to give a complete analysis of a paper which, for
accuracy of perception, closeness of reasoning, and terse-
ness of diction, has rarely been equalled in any scientific
society. A succinct review of it must suffice. The law
proposed was a modification of that which has been
usually assumed, viz., a simple application of that
which holds good with respect to non-elastic
fluids. This law is, generally, that the velocity
of issue is directly as the square root of the pres-
sure, and inversely as the square root of the density;
but this law neglects wholly the reaction that must
arise from the expansion necessarily taking place in
the course of issue. The nature of the action was il-
lustrated by the following example :—lf a balance be
supposed, with an equal weight in each scale, one of the
weights being a spiral spring, like that of a spring ba-
lance compressed lengthwise with its axis vertical, and
held in a state of compression by a cord. Now let
the cord be suddenly reversed so that the spring is
enabled to extend itself vertically. The scale in
which it stands will obviously be depressed, the
spring reacting on it as it expands upwards, and conti-
nuing to press till wholly relaxed ; or if the scale in
which it stands were ascending by a preponderance
given to the other scale, the rate of its ascent would
be in the same way retarded. The amount of the
retardation would depend on the strength and the
weight of the spring, and on the length to which it
would extend itself when released. Now in the dis •
charge of an elastic fluid, there is an action, strictly
analogous, operating continuously however instead of
per saltum, the strength and weight of the spring being
represented by the elasticity and density of the fluid, and
the length to which it would extend itself by the degree
of expansion, in the course of issue. The reduction
in quantity of discharge, due to the action, was to be
measured by the velocity imparted by expansion, to
each particle of the elastic fluid in course of issue, the
velocity of each particle after expansion would be its
velocity before expansion, multiplied into the rate of
expansion, and the primary force must be subdivided
in generating each additional unit of velocity, so that
the portion applicable to the generation of velocity be-
fore expansion would be the whole force divided by the
rate of expansion; thus the velocity before expansion
would be divided by the square root of that rate. For
instance, an elastic fluid expanding four times in course
of issue, would be discharged with only half the velocity
of a hon-elastic fluid, under the same circumstances of
pressure and density. This modification was shown to
fulfil the general dynamical law "that a given force acting
for a given time will produce a given momentum, whatever
be the weight of the mass acted upon." This seemed
to be the essence of the law for non-elastic fluids ; but it
was disregarded by the unmodified application of that law
to elastic fluids, in which there would be a great accession
of velocity, of particles issuing under a given pressure,w th-
out any reduction of quantity discharged in a given time;
if, however, the quantity be produced as proposed, in the
ratio of the square root in the density, and the velocity be
accelerated in the same ratio, the final momentum would
be the true equivalent of the pressure. This, in its practical
application, explained what was inexplicable by the ordi-
nary theory ; the difficulty experienced from the back
pressure of the waste steam in locomotive engines, and
a diagram was given, showing that, at sixty miles per
hour, this would be at least equivalent to 81bs. per
inch throughout the stroke, thus showing a loss of
nearly 50 H. P. As applied to the case of air
discharged into an exhausted receiver the re•
sult was highly curious. The rate of discharge
instead of increasing throughout as the degree of
vacuum was increased, would be maximum at fifteen
inches of vacuum, although nearly uniform for many
inches above and below that point ; it would, how-
ever, progressively decrease above that point, because
the expansion would increase in a higher ratio than
the pressure, and ultimately, at the point of per-
fect vacuum, it would be at a minimum (indeed
stationary, were air perfectly elastic), because at
that point the expansion would be infinite, but the pres-
sure only finite, viz., thirty inches of mercury. Experi-
ments made, by permission of Mr. Brunel, with the
South Devon Railway atmospheric apparatus, confirmed
the theory. The line traced by an indicator apparatus
was shown to accord very closely with one traced by this
theory, whilst it was widely at variance with the result
of the ordinary theory.
After the meeting, Mr. Lambert exhibited his flexible
diaphragm water valve, which was intended to remedy
some of the defects of the plug-cock. It avoided the
leakage, and necessity of repairs. There was apparently
no friction, and it appeared very durable, and well calcu-
lated for the newly introduced system of constant
pressure.
The paper announced to be read at the next meeting,
Tuesday, June 22, was " A review of the Plans which
have been proposed for connecting the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans by a Navigable Canal." By Joseph
Glynn, M. Inst., C.E.

SINGULAR RESTORATION OF A LOST NOSE.—On
Saturday night last, a quarrel took place at the Vine
inn, Bilston, amongst a number of working men who
were drinking there, when one of the party, of the
name of Smith, succeeded in getting upon the floor
a young man named Lowe, and in the most
savage manner completely bit off his nose, the
modern Crim-Tartar immediately making his escape.
The injured party, accompanied by some friends, went
to the residence of the nearest surgeon, where the
denuded parts were dressed by his assistant, evi-
dently to the satisfaction of all parties. Lowe, how-
ever, on his returning home, began to reflect on the
unpicturesque effect which a countenance bereft of
the nasal appendage would produce, and he accordingly
determined to have it remedied by any and every
meats •
the possible. On a consultation with his friends,
idea occurred to them that all would be well if they
could only restoreof to its original post of honour the
owner to be a very missing remains what was once considered by the
respectableae nose, although it was
hatchet, or whether it belonged not stated whether the original nose was hooked or
or the turned-up
hour, theyt
Accordinglya they re-
famillonged to the snub, the pug,
turned to the scene of action the Vine, and after
aattLernigth discovered
searching for nearly an
secured their
of the
, to
whormprhize,
the object of their wisliirets.lyhirlagvinn.
room, begrimed with d
the party set off to a surgeon of the town
stated the case, and who very carefully united the partstey
together, and in manner which completely restored the
main element of facial beauty to its former shape and
position, and a happy union of parts having ensued, the
young man appears little the worse for his singular rola-
fortune.—ldirminghamJournal.