The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-20 00:00:00

HALLWAY SIIAItEs.

St. Gerrnsip
1 ersalik3,ll. B 450 450 ... 450 45 ;
L. 8....... 312 50 312 50 .. 310 .3 2 Z.O
()deans .

Str:...stturg to Bale

It is a melancholy thing in the present state cif
Europe to be always having to complain of the
unprincipled conduct of Liberal Governments.
States blessed with free institutions might be sup-
posed anxious on all occasions to prove by example
how much more conducive such institutions are to
the promotion of human happiness, than those sub •
Hect to a despotical form of government. Such ex
amples Spain and Portugal are especially boUnd to
give the world, after so recently passing throUgh the
fiery furnace of civil war, rather than bend the knee
hofore the footstools of Carlist and Miguelite despot-
ism. Speaking an almost common language, having
a common origin, with institutions in perfect
harmony with other, is it not, therefore, disgraceful
to find these countries ready to'cut each whet's
throats about the instant settlement of a question
which has been five years in abeyance without pro-
voking a word of remonstrance or complaint ?
The Douro question is in the same state now that
it was five years ago, and yet we are told that Es-
PA RTERO refuses to allow the Portuguese Govern-
ment a single day after the 31st of the current
month to settle it, although it cannot be co►istitu-
tionally settled without the consent of the Car-
tes. The champion of the Spanish Constitution
openly threatens the violation of that of Portugal.
No.v, Portugal having asked and obtained Bri-
tish mediation, ESPA RTERO cannot hope to cross
the frontier without offering a deep insult to the
British nation—a nation. for whose sympathy he
ought to have a profound respect, seeing that it
saved constitutional freedom in Spain, and mate-
rially assisted in making a Regent of a soldier of
fortune, who otherwise would have shared tire-Tate of
the equally brave and patriotic General RI EGO. But,
however warlike may he the feelings of ESPA R-
TERO, we cannot suppose that in a step which
would force Spain into a collision with Great Bri-
tain in any way, he would obtain a majority of votes in
the Council of Regency. Spain would not readily par-
don the Cabinet that would deprive her of that British
sympathy which so mainly contributed to the suc-
cess of her revolution. Possibly, however, we
over-rate the danger of a hostile collision. Such
at least is the opinion of the Journal des Debats,
in whose columns of Monday we find the follow-

ing paragraph :
" We think that too much importance is attached
to the vivacity with which the Spanish journals and
the Madrid Official Gazette express themselves with
regard to the Portuguese Government. The passage
of the speech of the Queen of Portugal relative to the
affair of the Douro, and the terms of which have ap-
peared offensive to the Spanish Government, is the
sole motive of this momentary excitement. The Re-
gency declares that it will enforce by arms the execution
of the treaty ; there is every reason to believe that the
treaty will be executed without its being necessary to
have recourse to this extremity. Portugal has already
applied for the mediation of England ; and as the
British Government, according to the language of its
organs, recognises the justice of the Spanish claims, it
is very probable that the difference will end in a pacific
solution."

Both Portugal and Spain want repose, to con-
solidate their civil and ecclesiastical institutions, to
foster industry, paralysed by civil dissensions, and
to extend their commerce. If ESPARTERO wants
employment for his army, let him employ them in
making roads, building bridges, and other great
works calculated to benefit his country. Ili this
way only can he increase his claims to the gratitude
of his contemporaries and of posterity.

The Madrid Journals of the 11th inst. have
reached us. The report of a new treaty of com-
merce between England and France, by which the
duty on French wines imported into England would
be reduced from 321. 10s. to 101. had seriously
alarmed the Spanish wine-growers. It: was fur-
ther dreaded that the British Government, dis-
pleased with the new Spanish tariff, would increase
the duty on Spanish wines. The merchants of
Xeres had deputed an agent to England to watch
over their interests.

On the Bourse the F►ve per Cents. were it
much demand on the 11th. They opened al
t?.B 11-16ths, and closed at 28a for cash..

The private intelligence teceiveil from Constan

tinople of the 28th ult., brings a very different ac
count from that previously communicated to us o

the conditions upon which the SULTAN has signed
the firman granting the hereditary Government of
Egypt to MEHEMET ALIT In fact, from the
statements now made in private letters from the
Turkish capital, it appears to us that the VICE-

ROY has been very shamefully treated ; and from
the tenor of an article, of which we quote an
extract in another column, from the Manzari Shark,
an English journal, published at Smyrna, and
supposed to speak the sentiments of Lord PONSONBY
upon all questions connected with Egypt, we

fear that our Ambassador has had a larg,
share in the proposed humiliation of a Chief of
whom his Lordship has long been supposed to en
tertain a strong personal dislike. The correspon-
dent of a Contemporary, whose letter from Constanti-
nople is dated the 28th ult., gives the following
account of the conditions upon which the SULTAN
consents to allow MEHEMET ALI to retain the
Pachalic of Egypt :
The Supreme Council has at length decided on the
terms to be conceded to Mehemet Ali; they are such only es
t conqueror would ia.puse on an enemy completely at his
mercy ; and the insolent spirit in which they are dictated
may be characteri,ed in two words, Vice vielis ! The tenure on
hch he will be allowed to retain the Pachalic ofiEgypt will
he no better than that of any other Pacha of the Porte. H.
is to have neither army, fleet, nor revenue; he is to bo as
signed a yearly salary, while the Pate appoints its own
mouhasails for the collection of the public taxes. The
Egyptian troops are, to a certain extent, to
quartered every year in Turkey, and to be replaced
by a Turkish force, which is to be commanded by
Paellas of inferior rank, nominated by the Porte.
Such part also of the Egyptian fleet as it shall deem
expedient must be delivered, together with the Turkish,
nto the hands of L•;:op;erd. The cif' et of thee"
previsions will, if duly executed, be to reduce. Mehemet Ali
in the Government, a here he has or the last 30 years en-
joyed sovereign and undisputed authority, to a mere cipher.
He would, in short, be placed by
them so completely in the
power of the Sultan that he would have no security for his
head, which, indeed, there has already been some question
in the Council of declaring forfeit. The Sheikh Islam, .
doubtless at the instance of Reschid Paella, and in order
to silence the supporters of Mehemet Ali in the Council,
openly denounced him as one with whom no terms could
be observed, and who, by his treason and his crimes (the
most atrocious of which was having put to death two of
the principal Sheikhs), had forfeited all claim to mercy. It
is evident, therefore, if the Four Powers still lend their
assistance to the Porte, that the Pacha has little to expect
from its forbearance.

We sincerely trust that the Four Powers, and es-
pecially England, will not constitute themselves
mere executioners of the vengeance of the Porte.
MEHEMET ALI'S right to the Government of

Egypt on the conditions at first proposed by the
Four Powers, and sanctioned by the Porte, is as
~aerod a, ABD-I,L-IkLEDJID'S to the oivus,-
ture of the sword and mantle of the Prophet.
Now these conditions implied the uncontrolled do.
minion of Egypt, civil, military, and financial. It
was in this sense they were understood by the
VICEROY, by the Four Powers, and by France.
If the Porte meditated treachery from the com-
mencement, let us be no parties to it. Oo the
contrary, it is our especial duty, having signed a
convention with the PACHA, to protect him in
every right which we thereby, acting with the con-
sent of the Porte, guaranteed to him.

Dr. It lACII, who was attached to the embassy
of Sir JOHN NPNEIL, proceeded, on the 27th tilt,
from Constantinople to Teheran, charged with the
ultimatum of the British Government to the Shah
of PEIISIA.

THE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY).

CORN EXCHANGE.

The arrivals this week have been moderate, with so
lilac dispAition to business that the sale of all kinds of
Corn has been very small, as the buyers arc looking
for larger supplies soon. Flour very little in demand.
NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL.

All descriptions of Game and Poultry were in good re-
quest, in consequence of the small supply received since
Saturday, and prices were as last quoted. Eggs in good
demand at 6s. to Bs. for English. Meat was in very short
supply ; the trade was rather lively, and the market was
cleared at the prices of last week.