The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 12, 1847,

of duty upon any other article, so soon as the
state of the revenue will justify the recommendation.
The hopeful condition of the revenue, as recently in-
dicated by what has been officially laid before Oa
public, serves to enliven our hope that the national
exchequer will, without any considerable interval, be
so far invigorated, that the large deficiency which
must, in the first instance, attend a relaxation of the
duty to the extent desired, could, with a due regard
to public credit, be safely encountered.
There are some people who have been arguing that
any approximation to unrestricted commerce in tea
would not benefit the consumer, but only the grower,
for that the increased demand which would follow the
reduction of the duty, would only serve to enhance
the price in China. This is an exploded
dogma of the old school of political economists, whose
principles are being in rapid succession almost daily
consigned "to the tomb of the Capulets." It is pos-
sible, and natural, that where there is a sudden de-
mand, and only a limited supply of any article, that
the effect would be as indicated by these wiseacres,
but then it would be only temporary. The resources
of nature and the energies of man soon regulate
production by consumption, to the reciprocal benefit
of all parties interested in any particular branch of
commerce. But these sudden demands are of rare
occurrence. Not only, however, is a well-regu-
lated commerce antagonistical, generally speaking,
to inequality between demand and supply, but
laws affecting staple commodities, and in respect
to which a most extensive trade is carried on, are not
hastily repealed in a countsly whose commerce is in a
highly artificial state ; and the thousands of miles
that lie between China and England imposes another
salutary check against the existence of those com-
mercial irregularities, on the assumption of which it
is contended that a reduction in the duties leviable
upon tea would not advantage the consumer. The
best practical answer to be given to the ridiculous
apprehension entertained that China will be unable to
provide for our increased demand for tea, should the
duty be considerably diminished, is furnished, as Sir
GEORGE LARPENT aptly observed to Lord JOIIN
RUSSELL, by the Custom-house returns, which "show
that while the consumption in this country had in-
creased from 5,000,0001b5. to 50,000,0001b5., the price
in China, so far from being raised, was at the present
moment rather lower than at the period when our
imports of tea only amounted to about 5,000,0001b5.
annually." It appears, moreover, that in years when
the trade has doubled itself, and when there has been
an extensive demand for any peculiar variety of tea
our demands have been readily met, without any
advance in prices. Looking at the vast expanse of
the Chinese empire, its variety of climate, its amazing
population of four hundred millions (equal to one
twenty-fifth of the supposed population of the whole
earth), to the activity, intelligence, and indefatigable
industry of the inhabitants, it appears to us to be the
height of folly to assume—in opposition, too, to our
actual experience—that China would be unable to
produce tea in the quantity we should desire, under
the auspices of an amended tariff. We rejoice that
this subject is to receive " the fullest consideration of
her MAJESTY'S Government." Upon the moral and
commercial benefits that would accrue, if the
duty were to be only ]s. per lb., we
have frequently enlarged, and need not therefore re.
peat our observations. It is a lamentable fact that
the import returns are considerably below the quan-
tity of tea sold under that name in this country, so
that the poor must purchase a deleterious article, and
the honest dealer be defrauded. Another grievous
circumstance is, that, owing tothe dearness of tea, the
humbler classes are prevented from using a whole-
some beverage as a substitute for the noxious stimu-
lants to which they now have recourse. Let but the
revenue continue to prosper, and we shall soon see our
countrymen relieved of these impediments to their
social comfort and prosperity.

they should be grateful for the assistance rendered to
them to enable them to discharge that duty effectually.
They call also on the Government to remove all
artificial impediments to the supply of the deficiency
of food, by the temporary suspension of the naviga-
tion laws and the duties on the importation of corn,
and to permit such vessels of her MAJESTY'S navy as
can be spared, to be employed in the transport of
provisions ; and also demand that the unrestricted
use of sugar and molasses should be permitted in
breweries and distilleries, and that relief committees
should be allowed to sell food at less than first
cost to the destitute in their respective neigh-
bourhoods, and that their doing So should not
disentitle them to Government contributions in
aid of their funds. Every one must assent to the
object proposed by these several measures, but very
serious questions will arise as to how far the means
may be calculated to attain that object. Some of
them, at least, demand mature consideration, and that
the possible evils that may arise from their adoption,
may be fully inquired into. The fifth resolution re-
commends that seed depots should be established by
the Government throughout the country. We are
convinced that every means will be adopted by the
Government to assist the landowners in having due
preparation made for the ensuing harvest, that the
frightful miseries of famine may be averted. But we
must again remind the landlords that it is they them-
selves that should take the first steps; that they can
only expect to be aided in that which is
wholly beyond their power, and that they
are not to look on in helpless imbecility while
their lands are lying waste and uncultivated, calling
on others to do that which they should at least
attempt in the first instance.

march, not to leave the slightest doubt upon our truth
and probity. The first note that we published contained,
it is true, some trifling omissions, but these, though
modifying the text, made very little alteration in the
tenor of the document. We were the first to reeogni. e
these omissions; but, to deprive the organs of the Mi•
nietry of every pretext for dcnegation, we have procured
a new and perfectly correct .copy, which we have now
lying before us. We publish it entire, in order that e
may this time give complete satisfaction to the Minieter
for Foreign Affairs, and at the same time spare the
Deputies the trouble of going to search for it among
the bundles of papers that are about to be deposited in
the Chamber."
The France then gives the note, as follows :
" Sir,—The Austrian Charge d'Affaires came to me
on the 18th of the last month to communicate dispatches
from Prince Metternich, dated the 6th, announcing to
the King's Government that the incorporation with the
Austrian empire of the city and territory of Cracow had
been decided upon by the Courts of Vienna, Berlin, and
St. Petersburgh, and explaining the motives of this re-
solution. Annexed I transmit you a copy. On the 20th
the Prussian Minister and the Russian Chargi d'Affaires
made :ne a precisely similar communication. I rendered
an account of this to the King in Council. The King's
Government experienced from it a profound and painfui
surprise. We received in February and March last,
as in 1836 and 1838, the assurance that the eecupetion
of Cracow by the troops of the three Powers was a mea-
sure purely military, and not political, commanded by
necessity, and that it would cease with that necessity.
It is now said that a temporary occupation was not suffi-
cient, and that the measure adopted by the On e
Courts is indi- pensahle for guaranteeing definitively in
their states 'order and peace, incessantly disturbed by the
conspiracies and insurrections of which Cracow had be-
come the permanent focus. But, for the suppression of
the small state of Cracow to put an effectual termination
to these disorders, its independent existence must be the
only, or at least the principal, cause. This supposition
is not admissible. The frequently recurring fermentation
of the ancient Polish provinces arises from a cause more
general and more powerful. It comes from the scattered
members of a great state violently destroyed, n hich 'still
agitate and attempt to rise again. Treaties which show
the existence of such facts cannot make the wounds, and
the agonies resulting from them, at once disappear.
Time, equity, a constantly active benevolence, and
long-continued good government alone can succeed in
doing this ; for these are the only means which the
present civilised state of Europe renders possible and
practicable. The sovereigns and statesmen assembled
at the Congress of Vienna judged thus. They n iehecl,
even at the moment when united Europe was decid-
ing the partition of Poland, to give to the Polish nation,
and to the conscience of Europe, disturbed by that par •
tition, a certain moral satisfaction. They had, at the
same time, held out to Polish subjects a perspective of
ameliorations in the institutions and internal government
of their country. Serious disturbances may have inter-
rupted the course of this wise, and at the same time
generous policy, not, however, to cause it to be entirely
abandoned and abolished. Nothing can more ecaipro-
mise a Government than for it to declare that it is test
in a condition, even slowly, and by force of time, to fulfil
its premises, and the hopes which it has itself raised.
The destruction of the small state of Cracow may create
for Polish conspiracy and insurrection some means of
action ; but it may also keep up and even irritate the
feelings which these deplorable enterprises so obsti-
nately excite and revive. In the meantime it takes
from the influence which might prevent them a great
portion of its authority. It weakens throughout
Europe in this painful question the principles
of order and conservatism, to the strengthening
of blind passions and violent designs. Article
9 of the Treaty of Vienna imposed upon the republic
of Cracow the obligation of expelling from its territory
all perturbators; and the three protecting Powers had
an undoubted right to insist upon this obligation I.eing
fulfilled. But were there not, for attaining this end,
other means than an annihilation of the independence of
this small state, and the suppression of it ? The narrow
limits of the republic, the immense strength of the three
great Powers in the states within which it is enclosed,
the rights of protection conferred on these same Powers
by article 6 of the treaty, everything, in fact, leads to a
conviction that measures carefully combined and vigi-
lantly watched over in their execution would have
been sufficient to combat the evil with efficacy, with-
out having recourse to there extreme measures ;
which, while overcoming some dangers, frequently
create other and serious evils. It was, in any case, the
incontestable right of all the Powers who were parties
to the Treaty of Vienna to interfere in all delibera-
tions and decisions by which the republic of CracoW
might be affected. Prince Metternich says, in his
dispatch of November I, that the three Powers had, by
their own will alone, on the 3d of May, 1815, created
the small state of Cracow, and that they had afterwards
' presented to the Congress of Vienna, for enrolment,
the convention entered into between them.' The King's
Government knows not how to admit an assertion so
foreign to the principles, and even to the arrangements
which constitute the public law of Europe. Independent
Powers, who treat on a footing of perfect equality, and
discuss their common interests, are never called upon to
enrol determinations and acts elected without their par-
ticipation. So far as regards Cracow and Poland, remi-
niscences and public documents attest that prolonged
incertitudes and long discussions between the representa-
tives of all the Powers at the Congress of Vienna pre-
ceded the conclusion of the special treaty of the 3d May,
whioh is pow said to have regulated the interests of the
three Powers co-participators in the division of Poland,
without any concurrence of the other Powers of Europe.
The very text of the Treaty of Vienna shows that the
lot of Poland was settled by an European deliberation.
It was with Poland that this treaty was first occupied,
as being the most important of the general questions
upon which it had to decide. Articles 1,2, 3,4, and 5,
define the portions which each of the three co-participat-
ing Powers were to have of the territory of the Grand
Duchy of Warsaw. Articles 6,7, 8, and 9 constitute the
republic of Cracow. There is not the slightest differents
between these articles and those which gave to Prussia a
part of the states of the King of Saxony. The founda-
tion of the republic of Cracow is placed on the same line
as the stipulations which formed other states, created
kingdoms, recognised the free towns of Germany, and
established the Germanic Confederation. Two articles
of the general treaty of June 9—articles 10 and 118—
make mention of the special treaty concluded on May 3,
and they declare that the provisions contained in this
treaty shall have the 'same force and value as if they had
been textually inserted in the general act.' Most assur-
edly, far from rendering the existence of the republic o f
Cracow more precarious, these words, adopted and
signed by all Europe, had for their object to give to it
much stronger and more authentic guarantees. The
King's Government is only exercising an evident right,
and, at the same time, fulfilling an imperious duty, in
solemnly protesting against the suppression of the re-
public of Cracow—an act directly contrary to the letter
as well as the meaning of the Treaty of Vienna of the
9th of June, 1815. After long and redoubtable agita-
tions, which have so profoundly shaken Europe, it is by re
spect to treaties and the rights they have rendered sacred
that the order of Europe is founded and can be main-
tained. No Power can force itself from them without at
the same time setting the other Powers free. France
has not given any example of such an attempt upon the
policy of conservatism and peace. France has not for-
gotten the painful sacrifices imposed upon her by the
treaties of 1815. She might rejoice at an act which
would authorise her, by a just reciprocity, never to con-
sult henceforth anything but provident calculations of
her own interests. And yet, she it is who calls to a
faithful observance of these treaties those Powers who
have gathered from them the principal advantages ! She
it is who is occupied, above all, with the maintenance of
acquired rights and the respect due to the independence
of states. " GUIZOT.
" Paris, Dec. 4, 1846."
A Council of Ministers was held on Thursday,
it is 'supposed to settle the draft of ;the Royal
Speech to be delivered on the opening of the
Chambers on Monday. This royal speech will, it is
said, be of a remarkably reserved character.
No allusion whatever will be made to England,
except the usual paragraph announcing that the
relations of France with the different foreign powers
are of such a nature as not to permit a doubt of the
maintenance of peace can be described as such. The
Montpensier marriage will be alluded to merely as
yet further strengthening the family bonds that unite
France to Spain, and the incorporation of Cracow
will be spoken of as an event to be regretted (en '
evenement regrettable), against which, as having
violated the sanctity of treaties, France had, as in
duty bound, protested. These, it is said, are all the
allusions to Foreign affairs which the speech wil
contain.

The next four resolutions are directed to throw the
burden off their own shoulders, and to make it fall
on the empire at large; and not exclusively on Ire-
land more particularly, not upon the lands which
would certainly appear to be responsible in the first
instance. These propositions, too, would require
some discussion, in order to convince those not now
responsible of the justice of the substitution. To
that part of the tenth resolution that declares that
each proprietor should be enabled to take upon him-
self his proportion of the baronial assessment, to be
expended in reproductive works on his own property,
and that he should be enabled thereby to discharge
himself from any further taxation in reference to
that assessment, we fully and entirely assent. We
have long advocated its adoption, and we are con-
vinced that, if judiciously brought into operation, it
would be most advantageous to the country. The
state of preparation for the ensuing harvest, loans by
the Government to railway companies, and a system
of emigration, form the topics of the other three
resolutions. We think the discussion of every one
of these proposals would be useful ; but to make it
really so, the press should be freely admitted, and full
publicity given to all the proceedings.

The German Journal of Frankfort has the fol-
lowing from Tiflis, relative to the affairs of the
Caucasus:—

" According to the latest accounts received from the
Caucasus, the military operations in that quarter have
not been interrupted by the winter season. The Chief
of the Mundes has not been discouraged by the victories
gained by the Russians in northern llagliestan, for some
days after the combat which took place near Rataschi,
which cost the Russians more than 1,500 men, 4,000 of
the Tschctschenses passed the Terek, carried the ad-
vanced posts, and marching forward as far as
the environs of Kislar, made a considerable booty in
the mountain. At the same time a body of Scharnyfs
forces spread terror to the very neighbourhood of
Gromaza, and although a larger body of Russians
advanced against them, they were not repulsed
until after some severe fighting, in which the loss
on both sides was very considerable. Camil Bey, at the
head of 2,000 Tschetchenses, made a fresh irruption into
Cachetin, where he was carrying on the war against the
Russians with alternate success and repulse. On the
Kouban the intrepid Mansour Bey had again taken up
arms against the Russians. It is said that he has rallied
around him a great part of the tribe of the Abchuses and
the warlike race of the Übichs. He has already suc-
ceeded in taking a fortress on the Kouban, and has even
threatened Jckatcbergnoder. These events on the left
wing of the Russian position have compelled the Gensral-
in-Chief to dispatch considerable reinforcements to that
quarter. The energy of•Schamyl and of his partisans,
who have resumed the offensive against the Russians, lead
to the presumption that operations on an extensive scale
will shortly take place.
" The Russian officers who reckoned on getting some
repose at Tiflis look very sad at these accounts. Schamyl
'has dispatched numerous emissaries even as far as the
environs of Erzeroom, to preach up a holy war against
the Russians. He has lately made several expeditions
even under the walls of the Russian forts, and has in-
flicted a severe chastisement on those tribes who have
been faithless to his cause, which has spread great dis-
couragement amongst them, seeing that the Russian
forces have not been able to protect them. The par-
ti,ans of Russia are far from satisfied, and in spite of
the bombastic bulletins which are published at St.
Petersburgh, announcing the successive defeats of
Schamyl, affairs in the Caucasus are really anything
but favourable for Russia."

The general meeting of the Peers, Members of Par-
ament, and landed proprietors of Ireland has been
fixed for Thursday next, the 14th instant, and is
to be held at the Rotunda, in Dublin. Circulars have
been forwarded to all parts of the country by the
secretaries of the Reproductive Employment Com-
mittee, requesting the attendance of the parties to
whom they are sent, and that they should commu-
nicate the contents to the several landlords in the
neighbourhood, and urge their attendance also at the
proposed meeting, admission to which can only be
obtained by tickets. By a very proper resolution of
the committee the proceedings are to be -confined
exclusively to the consideration of the social condition
of the country, and all extraneous topics and party
politics are to be strictly excluded. We do note
however, coincide in another determination that has
been arrived at. It has been decided that the public
press is to be excluded, and that no part of the pro-
ceedings is to be published except the resolutions
agreed to and the names of the parties who may
attend. Now this we think a most injudicious course.
The great value of such a meeting is the full publicity,
the extensive circulation that may be afforded to the
sentiments of the several speakers. A very small
proportion only of those interested in the land will
be able to attend; many will be compelled to remain
at home, attending to the pressing wants and im-
perative necessities of the poor on their own and the
neighbouring estates, while many others will not feel
themselves justified in expending anything that could
possibly be avoided, and which they would regard as
wantonly abstracted from the exigencies of the suffer-
ing poor. All such persons would anxiously look for,
and would be entitled to receive, a full and copious
report of all that may take place. The very differ-
ences of opinion may lead to something beneficial ;
but that is to be withheld, and the advantages of the
general assembly is to be restricted to the compara-
tively small number who may be enabled to attend
on the occasion. This is not as it should be, and we
trust that an alteration will take place that will give
the public generally full information. The meeting
is not solely one for conference and discussion ;
elaborate preparation has been made, the very reso-
lutions that are to be proposed have been already
prepared and circulated throughout the country, and
their adoption or rejection will be of little use unless
it is known what can be urged pro and con., either in
their behalf or in opposition to them.
The proposed resolutions are thirteen in number,
they chiefly relate to questions that have already
been considered by the committee and distributed
through the country. Some of them contain excel-
lent suggestions, which may be most beneficially
adopted, while others are of a more doubtful charac-
ter, and will require some modification and discussion
before the principles involved in them are sanctioned
or approved of. They relate chiefly to temporary mea-
sures, rendered necessary by the present emergency,and
are thus termed in the circulars in which they are
enclosed. The first four of these resolutions are di

Advices have been received from Lisbon to the 6th
January by the Achilles steamer. The Miguelite
General, MAcnoansiELL, had been defeated by CASAL,
foOrnrCeßraanrou, amounted to 2,000. MACDON-
with a loss of 240 killed.
NTallEhleLe.f Taigetltki
edte frGuimares after the action, and eventually retreated
to Amirante. DAS ANTas had not made any stand
theli head of 1,200 men, fell back upon
at Coimbra, but, with the Marquis of 'JOULE'S con •
tingent, was continuing his retreat on Oporto, fol-
lowed by SALDANHA, whose forces were in
of Coimbra.
possession Several of DAS AN-
TAS'S men had deserted to SALDANHA. The
troops under VASCONCELLAS, after evacuating
Santarem, have retreated upon Abrantes, where they
are fortifying themselves. The Count DE MELLO
the. Algarves. SCRIVALEACK is ad-
vancing against him from St. Übes. Negotiations
are still going on between the Miguelites and the
Juntaocfuljos Evora, and commands the provinces of
A and
Oporto to form an union. To this, however,
8
Tul refuses to listen, and declares that
should D.
- t
Bd
into effect, he will resign his com-
m The number of volun-
teers in garrison at Oporto does not fall far short of
com-
mand and i bAe
leavel cDaErrie
the
country.
8,000 men. In Lisbon everything was quiet,' but
there was no business transacted.

V
..-•
The discount on bank notes has got up to 26 percent
Messrs. BARING, Brothers, of London, have con,
tracted for the completion of the next dividend.

Madrid papers of the 2d have arrived.
There were 150 Deputies assembled in the
capital. The election committee of the Chambers
was busy in the verification of the qualifications of
the newly-elected Deputies, and considerable curi-
osity was excited as to the manner in which
they would deal with the case of Senor OLo-
zAGA, but, as the names are arranged alpha.
betically, some days will probably elapse be-
fore they come to his name. He has, it is said,
addressed a petition to the Chamber demanding
to be set at liberty, or sent back to France. He
passed through Aranda de Douro on the 30th, so
rigorously guarded that it was with difficulty he was
permitted to send a verbal message to his
Among the first measures submitted to the Cortes
will be those for reforming the tariff, the tributary
system, and the monetary laws.
MADRID BOLSA JAN. 2.--The Three per Cents. were
done
At 31i ex.div: for cash; the Five per Cents, at 204 •
the Coupons at 181. ; the Debt without Interest at 61
and the Vales at 811.

rected to the supply of food. They assert the signal
failure of the present system, and call upon the Go-
vernment, in the most imperative terms, to take such
measures as will secure local supplies of food suffi-

cient to keep the people alive, and to sacrifice any
sum of money that may be necessary for that pur-
pose, and declaring that any neglect or delay will

The Minister of War has directed the intendants
of military divisions to forbid the victualling agents
under their orders to purchase any wheat in the
markets of towns, as the grain necessary for their
purposes has been provided through another channel.
The distress among the working classes seems spread.
log in all parts of France. As might be naturally
expected, distress has given rise to disturbances.
According to the Journal des Debuts serious
emeutes have taken place in the department of the
Vienne, in consequence of the high price of corn.
Several National Guards who attempted to prevent
sacks of wheat from being pillaged were disarmed ;
and even a body of gendarmes were obliged to re-
treat before tht victorious mob, and to intrench

render them responsible for the safety of the people,
There appears in this something too much of the de-

pendence on others, that we have so often lamented
in the Irish nation. They seem to expect that every-
thing is to be done, that Government is to be all-

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.
The Debats and the Presse still continue to specu-
late on the alleged schism in the Opposition camp,
which as they contend, notwithstanding the denial
of the Constitutionnel, still exists.
The most important document to be found in these
papers is the circular note of M. GUIZOT on the in-
corporation of Cracow, an imperfect copy of which
appeared some time since in the France, and the
authenticity of which was denied by the Ministerial
journals. The France of Friday publishes this famous
note textually, introducing it by the following re-
marks :

powerful, and that they themselves are to be spared
from all trouble—to have provisions made for the

people without any exertion on their own

If Government provide them with

means which, if duly used, will enable
them to provide for the wants of their own poor, it

is all that can be reasonably expected ; and the at-

.empt to cast the responsibility of providing for the

,hemselves in their barracks. These occurrences

safety of the people on the Executive appears an un-
fair attempt to evade and escape from their own so-

,00k place at the market of Leucloitre, near Chatel

llerault.

lernn duties, and to shift them on other shoulders.
We agree that everything should be done for the
miserable and starving people; that no expense

A letter from St. Aignan, dated January 3, which
is published in the Reforme, says—
" Disasters of every kind are being accumulated
on our heads. Inundations, dearness of provisions, and
riots,—l repeat riots; simple peasants, ordinarily most
peaceable, have had the great temerity to complain too
loudly of their sufferings, to menace the authorities, and
to destroy some measures used by dealers in corn which
were found to be deficient in oapacity. This demon-
stration produced a visit from the officers of the Crown
to St. Aignan, accompanied by an immense military
force, when some poor wretches were arrested and con-
demned to pay fines and suffer imprisonment, whilst the
inhabitants are compelled to feed and lodge the troop;
dispatched from Blois. Our small town presents the
most afflicting spectacle. At Tours the prisons are
filled to excess. All the towns in the neighbourhood,
as Roraorantin, Chatillon-sur-Indre, and Montriehard,

" On the immediate approach of the session, at the
moment when the Chambers and committees shall have
to take into consideration the diplomatic documents re-
lating to the question of Cracow, Ate feel ourselves bound
in conscience to publish integrally, and without a word
more or a word less, the famous circular note, on the
subject of which the Cabinet of the Tuileries ventured
but timidly to contradict us. M. Guiaot, we hope, will
appreciate our scruples on an incident which has
occupied the whole of the European press. He
will comprehend that there is in this more than
a question of amour-propre. It is a question of
honour; for, though there may be journals which
occasionally show themselves to be but little anxious
about the honour of the press, we hold ourselves
bound, both in our honour and in the honour of our
friends, and in the honour of the flag under which we

should be spared to provide for their wants, and to all.-
viate their sufferings ; that not one single human being

should be suffered to perish in a Christian land, no
matter what may be required for the purpose; but the

means must be fully and maturely considered. There
must be no grasping at temporary expedients that

may eventually lead to mischiefs of a more

dangerous character than those they are in-
tended to provide a remedy for. And the
landlords must consider that they themselves are the
parties on whom the first duty of providing for the
poor of their respective estates devolves, and that

- are treated treated with equal severity. When will all this
finish ?"
In the same journal we find a letter from Yvetot
in Normandy, which sari—
" The misery existing in thi- country is frightful
We reckon 300 indigent families dut of a population o
10,000. Charitable workhouses have been esta,hlishtli
where all the unemployed are received, but those
houses entail considerable expense on the inhabirants ;
and, notwithstanding the collections made, and the
other means alopted to procure funds, it is to be feared
that the available resources of the town will be speedily
exhausted."

The Courrier Francais says—
" M. Olozaga did not apply for hit; passports at the
Embassy at Pa-is, as is stated in the Spanish journals.
M. Olowlga had not received at Paris the oftioial docu
ments connected with his election ; they were not. s.:nt.
to the Embassy at Paris, but to the Con,iulate at
Bayonne. It is, therefore, only at Bayonne that he
could ask for a Spanish pasvort. Ile left Paris with
his French one."

The Council-General of the Roads and Bridges
hare reported to the Minister of Public Works that
in their opinion, the site of tile grand terminus of
the Paris and Lyons RAilroad should be established
on the Boulevard Contrescarpe, near the Place de
la Bastile, and will require the construction of a
coAly viaduct over the streets Moreau and Tra-
versiere, and the grounds of the new prison of La
Force.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on
Saturday at 791. 75c. the Five p,r Cents., 1181. 25c.;
the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,242 f. 50c. ; Rouen, 9071. 50c. ,
Havre, 691 f. 25c ; Great Northern, 6361: 25c ; Avignon, 8651. ;
Vicrzon, 6001. ; Bordeaux, 5571. 50e. ; Basle, 217 f. 50c, ; Paris
and Strasburg, 482 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 507 f. 50e. ;
Tours and Nantes, 4851; Lyons. and Avignon, 487 f. 50c.;
Bordeaux and Cette, 452 f. 50c.; Spanish Passives.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JANUARY 9.
• Boulogne and Amiens, 15 —Central of France (Orleans
and Vierzon), 131/--Dutch Rhenish, 43—Jamaica South
Midland Junction, 11/2—Luxembourg, %—Northern of
France, 1014—Orleans and Bordeaux, B—Over Yssel, 2.71
dis.—Rouen and Havre, 27—Sambre and Meuse, 51,i.

REPRESENTATION OF MID-
. DLESEX.
The lamented death of Mr. Byng, which we this day
announce, causes an earlier vacancy for the county of
Middlesex than was anticipated. That Mr. Byng did
❑ot intend to offer himself again has been for sonic time
known, although the public announcement by himself
was only made on the 31st Deceu,ber last. A requisi-
tion to Lord Robert Grosvenor to come forward on the
first election, had been in course of signature by the
electors, and had the full concurrence of Mr. Byng
himself, who highly esteemed and valued the Noble
Lord. That requisition was in the following words:—
" TO THE LORD ROBERT GROSVENOR.

" We the undersigned electors of the county of Mid-
dlesex, having beard with much regret that it is not the
intention of our highly valued and faithful representa-
tive in Parliament, George Byng, Esq., to offer himself
again for re-election, and having, from your known
character and public services, a full conviction that we
shall find in your Lordship a successor worthy to follow
him, and fitly to represent the Liberal constituency of
this county, do hereby request you to come forward as
a candidate, and pledge ourselves to give you our full and
earnest support."

This requisition had been most numerously and
respectably signed, and lt ft no doubt of the unopposed
and triumphant return of Lord Robert Grosvenor, if
the invitation were accepted by him, Until the last
melancholy duties are paid to Mr. Byng, no further
public demonstration can be made, but we can state
without doubt that Lord Robert Grosvenor will accept
the requisition, and that his return is sure.

FLANDERS MAIL.

BRUSSELS, JAN. B.—The Moniteur of this date pub-
lishes the convention concluded and signed at Berlin on
234 November, 1846, between his Majesty the King of
the Belgians and his Majesty the King of Prussia, to re-
gulate the postal communication between their respec-
tive dominions. With this convention the Moniteur
publishes also the articles agreed upon between the Bel-
gian and the Prussian post-officers fur the execution of
this convention. Sir Hamilton Seymour the English
Ambassador, who was to quit Brussels yesterday and
return to London, has been obliged to _defer his depar-
ture in consequence of indisposition. His Excellency will
not set out for London before Saturday or Sunday. Sir
H. Seymour will remain in London for a month, when
he will proceed to Lisbon to exercise the functions of
British Ambassador in Portugal, to which be has been
appointed by his Sovereign. Sir 11. Seymour's
successor at Brussels is not ex pt cte,l till
some time in April. The Journal de Flanders
says the appeal made by the Bishop of Ghent to the
charity of the rich inhabitants of the eiy, will produce,
we may believe persons well acquainted with his Eir
nence, an immense sum. A journal of this city reckons
a sum of more than 100,000 francs.
The Journal of Liege mentions a serious affair which
happened a fear weeks ago in the Communal Council
Rotnse +, in consequence of the departure of a priest
who was appointed by the Bishop of Liege to another
cure. T?tat journal publishes the following extract from
the official proceedings of the sitting of the 9th or
of December:—" The burgomaster informs the council
that, having had a conference with the Bishop, the latter
toll him ' that he intended not to appoint any pastor at
Romsfe till the council should desist from its pretensions
respecting the school attached to the parsonage of
Romski.' The Bishop charged me with this communi-
cation, and desired me to tell Mr. D— to wait upon
him, that they might confer together, or that the
council should go to him in a body." In consequence of
this communication, the council decided totauhnously
that it has nothing to discuss with the Bishop; that he
is at liberty to send or not to send a priest to Romse i;
and as for the school contiguous to the narsonage, the
interest of the commune in which the Bishop appears to
demand as a condition sine qua non to give a priest to
Rom:6e, the council intends to maintain the just rights
of the commune to the property of it.
FROM THE RUSSIAN FRONTIERS, DEC. 28.—Prepa-
rations are being made in Cracow, which indicate that
the whole territory will be immediately included in the
boundary of the Austrian tolls. In the Cracow Gazette,
however, there are several letters addressed to Austria,
which originate is Berlin; in Breslaw especially the
hope is entertained that they may not be entirely unin-
fluential on the
,proposed measures, nay, it is even
affirmed, on good authority, that Vienna will avail it.self
of this opportunity to approximate more closely to the
Zollvereite I have been already informed that the Rus-
sian post was removed from Cracow on the 15th instant,
and is now at Buchaowitz. The Russian Post-office still
remains, and will do so till all the arrears for postage,
&c., are entirely settled.
The incorporation of Poland with Russia, which is so
much spoken of, and commented upon by .the public
newspapers, has produced not the slightest impression
here, for it is well-known and felt that this incorpora-
tion has in all essential matters taken place long since.
If the regrets expressed have any signification what-
ever they must refer to the East; but Russian policy
has without doubt been long clear on this point,
and it is not to be presumed that this policy should in
tend to set the giving up of Cracow to be the step for fur •
ther incorporations. The energy, we might almost say
vehemence, with which the affair of Cracow was pushed
by St. Petersburgh, arose front the personal sentiments
of the Emperor—they are thesame sentiments by which,
guided by a misunderstanding it is true, he was induced,
disregarding the interests of his dynasty, to treat the
affair of the King of Denmark, in the Slesing Holstein
question, in a friendly light—they are the same senti-
ments which induced him sternly to refuse the Poles who
approached his throne with their well-known petition—
in short, they are the same sentiments which owe their
origin to the unconditional disagreement of his mode of
thinking with every revolutionary tendency. We may
think what we like of the Russian policy, which is go
verned rather by the imperious necessity than by the
will of any human being; yet it is impossible to deny
our tribute of respect to the honourable, unswerving con-
sistency of the Monarch.
We learn from Dresden that the notorious Tyssonski,
who is still imprisoned at Konig.tein is to receive his dis-
missal for America; this has been effected with Austria,
with the intervention of the Saxon Cabinet; every further
punishment is remitted, and the expenses of his trans-
portation are to be defrayed by the Austrian Govern.
went.

VIENNA, JAN. 2.—ln consequence of the very afflict-
ing event by which the families of Prince Metternich
and others of the principal nobility have been plunged
into deep affliction, the usual presentation of the diplo-
made body to his Highness the Prince Chancellor did
not take place yesterday, New Year's Day.

A MAN KILLED BY AN ALE BARREL.-011 SOUP'
day, an inquest was held by Mr. Bedford, at St. George's
ll?s'' spital, on the body of Thomas Hughes, aged 50. It
appeared from the evidence that the deceased, who was
a gentleman's coachman, was at Mr. Wyatt., s, the Lord
Nelson beer shop, Brya»stone-street, Bryanstone• square,
on Monday morning last, when some beer was brought
from Messrs. Mawr and Cross's, and, at the request
of
the landlady, he accompanied the drayrnan into :he
cellar. A 36-gallon barrel of ale having to go back,
ropes were slung round it, and it was being pulled up
from the cellar by four men, but, when within an inch of
the top, it slipped from the ropes, and, before deceased,
who was beneath it, could get out of the way, it struck
him to the ground, resting on his left leg. He was ex-
tricated as quickly as possible, in great agony, and con-
veyed to the above hospital, where the limb was found to
be so severely shattered, that the only chance of saving
his life was to have it amputated. To that he strenu-
ously objected, saying that he would rather die with his
leg on, and, after lingering till eight o'clock on Wednes-
day night, he died perfectly insensible, from exhaustion,
consequent on the dreadful injuries sustained. Verdict
"Accidental death."
THE Low PKICE OF GAME AND POULTRY.—OH
Saturday, in moat of the London markets, poultry and
game were selling at extraordinarily low prices, caused
by the frequent continental importations. Geese were
to be had for 2s. 6d. each; ducks, 2s. 6d. a pair; and
Ostend rabbits, weighing from 31b. to 41b. each, for
Is. 3d., and hares for Is. each.
THE QUEEN DOWAGER.—We regret to state that
her ALljesl Queen A t!elaide has been ind spored cor
some dAys, and requires the close atttendance of her
physician, Sir David Davies, who is Liow in residence at
Cashiobury Park.