The Sun.
London, England, 1824-06-29 00:00:00

SLAVE TRADE

We extract from the New York Mercantile
Advertiser of the Ist instant, the fallowing con-
vention, to which we alluded in our Paper of
yesterday. Congress adjourned on the 29th of
May (after a session of nearly six months) to the

first Monday in December :
" The United States of America, and his Majesty the King
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, beini;
desirous to co-operate for the complete suppression of the Afri-
can Slave Trade, by making the law of piracy, as applied to
that traffic under the statutes of their respective legislatures,
immediately and reciprocally operative on the vessels and sub-
jects, or citizens, of each other, have respectively appointed
their Plenipotentiaries to negociate and conclude a convention
for that Purpose—that is to say, on the part of the United
States of America, Richard Rush, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary from those States to the Court of his
Majesty; and, on the part of hiS Britannic Majesty, the Right
Honourable William Iluskissolf+ a Member of his Majesty's
Most Honourable Privy Counci), President of the Committee
of Privy Council for Affairs of Trade and Foreign Plantations,
Treasurer of his Majesty's Navy, and a Member of the Parlia-
ment of the United Kingdom ; and the Right Honourable
Stratford Canning, a Member of his said Majesty's Most
Honourable Privy Council, and his Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of Ame-
rica ; which Plenipotentiaries, after 'duly communicating to
each other their respective full powers, found to be in pro-
per form, have agreed upon, and concluded the following ar-
ticles
" Art. 1. The commanders and commissioned officers of
each of the two high contracting parties, duly authorized, under
the regulations and instructions of their respective Governments,
to cruise on the coasts of 'Africa, of America, and of the West
Indies, for the suppression of the Slave Trade, shall be em-
powered, under the conditions, limitations, and restrictions,
hereinafter specified, to detain, examine, capture, and deliver
over for trial and adjudication, by some competent tribunal of
whichever of the two countries it shall be found, on examina-

tion, to belong to, any ship or vessel concerned in the illicit
traffic of slaves, and carrying the flag of the other, or owned by
any subjects or citizens of either of the two Contracting Parties,
except when in the presence of a ship of war of its own nation :
and it is further agreed, that any such ship or vessel, so cap-
tured, shall be either carried, or sent by the capturing officer,
to some port of the country to which it belongs, and there given
up to the competent authorities, or be delivered up for the same
purpose to any duly commissioned officer of the other party ;
it being the intention of the high Contracting Powers, that any
ship or vessel within the purview of this convention, and seized
on that account, shall be tried and adjudged by the tribunals of
the captured party, and not by those of the captor.
" Art. 2. In the case of any ship or vessel detained under
this convention, by the cruisers of either of the two contract-
ing parties, on suspicion of carrying on the Slave Trade, being
found, on due examination by the boarding officer, to be char-
tered on account of any of the subjects or citizen of the other
party, although not actually bearing the flag of that party, nor
owned by the individuals on whose account she is chartered, or
by any other citizens or subjects of the same nation ; it is here-
by agreed that, in such case also, upon the delivery of the said
vessel to the tribunals of that country to which the persons on
whose account she is chartered, belong, the vessel, cargo, and
crew, shall be proceeded against in like manner as any other
vessel, cargo, and crew, within the purview of this conven-
tion, in so far as the general practice under the law of nations
will allow.
" Art. 3. Whenever any naval commander, or commis-
sioned officer of either of the two Contracting Powers, shall,
on the high seas, or any where not within the exclusive ju-
risdiction of either party, board or cause to be boarded, any
merchant vessel bearing the flag of the other power, and visit
the same as a slave trader, or on suspicion of her being concern-
ed in the Slave Trade ; in every such case, whether the vessel
so visited shall, or shall not, be captured and delivered over, or
sent into the ports of her own country for trial and adjudica-
tion, the boarding officer shall deliver to the master or com-
mander of the visited vessel, a certificate, in writing, signed by
the said hoarding officer, and specifying his rank in the navy of
his country, together with the names of the commander by
whose orders he is acting, and of the nation—al vessel commanded
by him ; and the said certificate shall further contain a decla-
ration, purporting that the only object of the visit is to ascer-
tain whether the merchant vessel in question is engaged in the
Slave Trade or not; and, if found to be so engaged, to take
and deliver her to the officers or tribunals of her own country,
being that of one of the two Contracting Parties, for trial and
adjudication. In all such cases, the commander of the national
vessel, whether belonging to Great Britain or to the United States,
shall, when he makes delivery of his capture, either to the offi-
cers or to the tribunals of the other Power, deliver all the papers
found on board'the captured vessel, indicating her national cha-
racter, and the objects of her voyage, and together with them,
a certificate as above of tile visit, signed with his name, and
specifying his rank in the navy of his country, as well as the
name of the vessel commanded by him, together with the name
and professional rank of the boarding officer by whom the said
visit has been made. This certificate shall also contain a list
of all the papers received from the master of the vessel detained
or visited, as well as those found on board the said vessel: it shall
also contain an exact description of the state in which the vessel
was found when detained, and a statement of the changes, if
any, which have taken place in it, and of the number of slaves,
if any, found on board at the moment of the detention.
" Art. 4. Whenever any merchant vessel of either nation
shall be visited under this convention, on suspicion of such
vessel being engaged in the Slave Trade, no search shall, in any
such case, be made on board the said vessel, except what is ne-
cessary for ascertaining, by due and sufficient proofs, whether
she is or is not engaged in that illicit traffic. No person shall
be taken out of the vessel so visited (though such reasonable
restraints as may be indispensable for the detention and safe
delivery of the vessel may be sued against the crew) by the
commanding officer of the visiting vessel, or under his orders;
nor shall any part of the cargo of the visited vessel be taken out of
her, till after her delivery to the officers or tribunals of her own
nation, excepting only when the removal of all, or a part of the
slaves, if any, found on board the visited vessel, shall he indis-
pensable, either for the preservation of their lives, or from any
other urgent consideration of humanity, or for the safety of the
person charged with the navigation of the said vessel after her
capture. And any of the slaves so removed shall he duly ac-
counted for to the Government of that country to which the
visited vessel belongs, and shall be disposed of according to the
laws of the country into which they are carried ; the regular
bounty, or head-money, allowed by law, being in each in-
stance secured to the captors, for their use and behefit, by the
receiving Government.
" Art. 5. Whenever any merchant vessel of either nation
shall be captured under this convention, it shall be the duty of
the commander of any ship belonging to the public service of
the other, charged with the instructions of his Government for
carrying into execution the provisions of this -convention, at
the requisition of the commander of the capturing vessel, to
receive into his custody the vessel so captured, and to carry or
send the same for trial and adjudication into some port of his
own country, or its dependencies, In every such case, at the
time of the delivery of the vessel, an authentic declaration shall
be drawn up in triplicate, and signed by the commanders, both
of the delivering and receiving vessels ; one copy signed by
both to be kept by each of them, stating the circumstances of
the delivery, the condition of the captured vessel at the time of
the delivery, ineluding the names of her master or comman-
der, and of every other person, not a slave, on board at
the time, and exhibiting the number of the slaves, if any,
then on board her, and a list of all the papers received or
found on board at the time of capture, and delivered over
with her. The third copy of the said declaration shall
be left in the captured vessel, with the papers found on
board, to be produced before the tribunal charged with the
adjudication of the capture-. And the commander of the cap.
turning vessel shall be authorized to send any one of the officers
under his command, and one or two of his crew, with the cap-
tured vessel, to appear before the competent tribunal, as wit-
nesses of the facts regarding her detention and capture ; the
reasonable expences of which witnesses, in proceeding to the
place of trial, during their detention there, and for their return
to their own country, or to their station in its service, shall he
allowed by the Court of Adjudication, and defrayed, in the
event of the vessel being condemned, out of the proceeds of its
sale ; in case of the acquittal of the vessel, the expences, as
above specified, of those witnesses, shall be defrayed by the go-
iernment of the capturing Officer.
" Art. 6. Whenever any capture shall be made, under this
convention, by the officers of either of the Contracting Parties,

and no national vessel of that country to which the captured
vessel belongs is cruising on the same station where the capture
takes place, the Commander of the capturing vessel shall, in
such case, either carry or send his prize to some convenient
port of its own country, or of any of its dependencies, where a
()cant of Vice-Admiralty has jurisdiction, and'there give it up
to competent authorities, for trial and adjudication. The cap-
tured vessel shall then be liberated according to the practice of
the Court taking cognizance of the case ; and, if condemned,
the proceeds of the sale thereof, and its cargo, if also condemned,
shall be paid to the Commander of the capturing vessel, for the
benefit of the captors, to be distributed among them, according
to the rules of their service respecting prize-money.
Art. 7. The commander and crew of any vessel captured
under this convention, and sent in for trial, shall be proceeded
against conformably to the laws of the country whereunto they
shall be brought as pirates engaged in the African Slave Trade;
and it is further agreed, that any individual, being a citizen or
subject of either of the two contracting parties,- who shall be
found on board any vessel not carrying the flag of the other party,
nor belonging to the subjects or citizens of either, but engaged
in the illicit traffic of slaves, and lawfully seized on that account
by the cruisers of the other party, or condemned under circum-
stances which, by involving such individual in the guilt of slave
trading, would subject him to the penalties of piracy,he shall be
sent fer trial before the competent Court in the ceyuntry to which
he belongs ; and the reasonable expellees of any witnessgt be-
longing to the capturing vessel, in proceeding to the Bice of
trial, during their detention there, and for their return to their
own country, or to their station in its service, shall, in every
such case, be allowed by the Court, and defrayed by the coun-
try in which the trial takes place; but every witness belonging
to the capturing vessel shall, upon the criminal trial for piracy,
be liable to be challenged by the accused person ; and set
aside as incompetent, unless he shall release his claim to any
part of the prize-money, upon the condemnation of the vessel
and cargo.
Art. 8. The right reciprocally conceded by the two Con-
tracting Powers, of visiting, capturing, and delivering over for
trial, the merchant vessels of the other, engaged in die traffic
of slaves, shall be exercised only by such commissioned officers
of their respective navies as shall be furnished with instruc-
tions for executing the laws of their respective countries against
the Slave Trade. For every vexatious and abusive exercise
of this right, the boarding officer and the commander of the
capturing or searching vessel shall, in each case, be person-
ally liable, in costs and damages, to the master and owners
of any merchant vessel delivered over, detained, or visited by
them, under the provisions of this convention. Whatever Court
of Admiralty shall have cognizance of the cause, as regards
the captured vessel, in each case the same Court shall be com-
petent to hear the complaint of the master or owners, or of any
person -or persons on board the said vessel, or interested in the
property of her cargo, at the time of her detention ; and, on due
and 'sufficient proof being given to the court of any vexation
and abuse having been practised during the search or deten-
tion of the said vessel, contrary to the provisions arid meaning
of this Convention, to award reasonable costs and damages to
the sufferers, to be paid by the commanding or boarding offi-
cer convicted of such misconduct. The Government of the
party thus cast in damages and costs shall cause the amount of
the same to be paid, in each instance, agreeable to the judg-
ment of the Courts, within twelve months from the date there-
of. In case of any such vexation and abuse occurring in the
detention or search of a vessel detained under this Convention,
and not afterwards delivered over for trial, the persons ag-
grieved, being such as were specified above, or any of them,
shall be heard by any Court of Admiralty of the country of
the captors, before which they make complaint thereof ; and
the commanding and boarding officer of the detaining ves-
sel shall, in such instance, be liable as above in costs and
damages to the complainants, according to the judgment of
the court; and their Government shall equally cause payment
of the same to be made within twelve months from the time
when such judgment shall have been pronounced.
" Art. 9. Copies of this Convention, and of the laws of both
countries actually in force for the prohibition and Suppression'
of the African Slave-trade, shall be furnished to every com-
mander of the national vessels of either party charged with the
execution of those laws; and in case any such commanding
officer shall be accused by either of the two Governments of
having deviated in any respect from the provisions of this Con-
vention, and the instructions of his own Government in con-
formity thereto,, the Government to which such complaint shall
be addressed agrees hereby to make inquiry into the circum-
stances of the case, and to inflict on the officer complained of,
in the event of his appearing to deserve it, a punishment ade-
quate to his transgression.
" Art. 10. The high contracting parties declare, that the
right which, in the foregoing articles, they have each recipro-
cally conceded, of detaining, visiting, capturing, and deliver-
ing over for trial, the merchant vessels of the other engaged in
the African Slave-trade, is wholly and exclusively grounded on
the consideration of their havir, made that traffic piracy by
their respective laws ; and further, that the reciprocal conces-
sion of the said right, as guarded, limited, and regulated by
this convention, shall not be so construed as to authorize the
detention or search of the mrxchant vessels of either nation by
the officers of the navy of the other, except vessels engaged, or
suspected of being engaged, in the African Slave-trade ; or for
any other purpose whatever than that of seizing and delivering
up the persons and vessels concerned in that traffic, for trial
and adjudication, by the tribunals and laws of their own coun-
try ; nor be taken to affect, in any other way, the existing rights
of either of the high contracting parties. And they do also
hereby agree and engage to use their influence, respectively,
with other maritime and civilized powers, to the end that the
African slave-trade may be declared to be piracy under the law
of nations.
" Art. 11. The present convention, consisting of 11 articles,
shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at London,
within the term of twelve months, or as much sooner as
possible.
" In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have
signed the same, and have affixed thereunto the seals of their
arms.
" Done at London, the 13th day of March, in the year of
our Lord 1824.

(L. S.) " RICHARD RUSH,
(L. " W. HUSKISSON,
(L. S.) " STRATFORD CANNING,

gi IN SENATE, MAY 22, 1824.

" Resolved, two-thirds of the Senators present concurring
therein. That the Senate do advise and consent to the ratifica-
tion of the convention made and concluded at London the 13th
day of March, 1824, between the United States of America,
and the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, with the exception of the words of America,' in line four,
of the first article : with the exception of the second article;
and of the following words in the seventh article—And it
is further agreed, that any individual, being a citizen or subject
of either of the two Contracting Parties, who shall be found on
board any vessel not carrying the flag of the other party, nor be-
lorigingto the subjects or citizens of either, but engaged in the
illicit traffic of slaves, andseized or condemned on that account
by the cruisers of the other party, under circumstances which, by
involving such individual in the guilt of Slave Trading, would
subject him to the penalties of piracy, he shall be sent for trial
before the competent Court in the country to which he be-
longs, and the reasonable expences of any witnesses belonging
to the capturing vessel, in proceeding to the place of trial,
during their detention there, and for their return to their own
country, or to their station in its service, shall, in every such
case, be allowed by the Court, and defrayed by the country in
which the trial takes place.' Provided, That an article be add-
ed, whereby it shall be free to either of the parties at any time,
to renounce the said convention, giving six months notice be-
fore-hand."

It was observed by Captain FRANKLIN, that
during the severe whiter they experienced near
the Copper Mine River the fish froze as they
were taken out of the nets. In a short time this
became a solid mass of ice, and by a blow or
two with the hatchet were easily split open. If
in the completely frozen state they were thawed
before the fire, they recovered their animation.
This is a very remarkable instance of how com-
pletely animation can be suspended in cold blood-,
ed animals. Captain F. states that a carp has
recovered so as to leap about with much vigour,
after being frozen thirty-six hours.

The following account of this singular plant is
extracted from Gemelli Carer,' :--

" As for the wax, it is the finest and whitest
that may be had, though of bees, and there is
such plenty as serves the whole empire. Several
provinces produce it, but that of Huquam ex-
ceeds all the others as well in quantity as white-
ness. It is gathered in tlu province of Xantung,
upon little trees ; but in that of nuquatn, upon
large ones, as big as those of the Indian pagods,
or chestnut trees, of Europe. The way nature
has found to produce it, to us appears strango
enough. There is ►n this province a creature or
insect, of the bigness of a flea, so sharp at sting-
ing, that it not only pierces the skins of men and

beasts, but tho boughs and bodies of trees.—
Those of the prirrince of Xantung are much va-
lued, where the inhabitants gather their eggs
from the trees, and carry them to sell in the pro-
vince of Huquam. In the spring, there come
from these eggs certain worms, which, about the
beginning of the summer, they place at the foot
of the tree, whence they, creep up, spreading
themselves wonderfully over all the branches.

Having placed themselves there, they gnaw,
pierce, and' bore tQ the very pith, and their
nourishment they convert into wax, as white as
snow, which they drive out to the mouth
of the hole they have made, where it remains
congealed in drops by the wind and cold. Here
the owners of the trees gather it, and make it

into cakes as we do, which are sold about China.
—Do [IALDE says, however, that the worms
fastens on the leaves of. the tree, and in a short
time form combs of wax, mush smaller than the
honey, comb.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF CHANCERY, JUNE 28,

The Lon]) CHANCELLOR was again occupied during the
whole of the day with the exceptions to the Master's Report in
the case Browne v. De Tastet—a case that has been long before
the public. His Lordship intimated that he was to attend the
Recorder's Report on Wednesday.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, JUNE 28.
QUO WARRANTO.-TIIE KING V. SOUTHEY.

Mr. ATTORNEY-GENERAL obtained a rule, calling upon
the defendant to shew cause why an information in the nature
of a quo warranto should not be filed against him, for exercising
the privileges of a capital.burgess for the borough of East Lobe,
in Cornwall.
Their Lordships rose at one o'clock, and the Lord Chief Jus4
tice proceeded to try Common Jury causes at Nisi Prius, but
no case of public interest occurred.