The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-26 00:00:00

•
^ 4 C •
THE SON, LONDON,' MONDAY,' j-ULY- 26, 1841'

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE DAILY TAPERS OF THIS DAY.
CHRONICLE.—The Times has at length undertaken to
describe Toryism. It has done it con amore, and shown a per-
fect knowledge and feeling of the subject. In a leader of last
Saturday it described in graphic language the ruin of Toryism,
and states the causes of its " decline and fall." " Toryism
fell," it says, " partly because it became • tainted with those
vices which inevitably accumulate during very long tenure of
power by one description of men; partly because it allowed
the principle of stability," now called Conservatism, " to swal-
low up all others in its esteem, degenerating sometimes into a
despicable via inertia,. at other litimes into an irrational
superstition r " Toryism," it goes on to say, " be-
came a mere hollow crust, and collapsed under the first
thunderstorm which shook the political atmosphere."
In the stead of the system thus denounced as
" tainted with vices " as irrational " and " de-
spicable"—in the stead of this " hollow crust " of Toryism,
the Times recommends the solid ground of Conservatism—
that is, the same system under another name—nay, managed
and conducted by the same leader ! " Sir Robert Peel (it
says), in watching over the formation and growth of this Par-
liamentary (Conservative) party, has performed his office
well, and so as to entitle him to public gratitude." But is he
not the same—the identical Sir Robert Peel who was the
head and (in the House of Commons.) the leader of that very
party which the Times had just before denounced as "tainted
with vices," " hollow," superstitious," and" irrational? Can
the same fountain send forth sweet water and bitter? Can we
trust the man now who formerly advocated and upheld
doctrines and principles which the Times itself admits
were so pernicious, and which it deseribes as so abomina-
ble? But it is not the principles alone to which the
censures of the Times are directed. It reprobates
the men as much as it denounces the measures. " The leaders
of the Tory party (it says) during the last ten years of its
sway, fell into a false position, paying at once too much and
too little regard to their own consistency" (that was, indeed, a
false position !), " dealing plainly neither with themselves nor
their supporters" (admirable moralists t ). " Resisting upon
questions of expediency when it was impossible to resist with
prudence, and conceding upon questions of principle when it
was impossible to concede with honour." Yet these are the
leaders, men who could for ten years resist without prudence,
and concede without honour; these are the leaders to whom
the Times would now leave the direction of the State, and
whom it lauds as distinguished by wisdom and foresight, and as
fitted to be the savious of their country. What must Sir Ro-
bert Peel think and feel when his chief defenders describe the
past political conduct of himself and of his colleagues in the fol-
lowing lanouage:—
" By their conduct with reference to Parliamentary Re-
form, they taught the country to think lightly of their ability
to fortify by legimate means their tenure of office • while by
their conduct on the Roman Catholic question they proved
themselves capable of committing a still more fatal mistake, and
consenting (what is as objectionable in politics as in morals)
• Procter vitam vivendi perdere causas.'
"Aft• this," it is added, "all confidence in the Govern-
ment which had so acted was destroyed. The Tory party
ceased to -be identified with any principle whatever, either
religious, or moral, or political, in the eyes of the people at
ler ge."
Such, as described by the Times, is the " tainted garbage
of Toryism from which the Conservative party is to take its
flight. Such is the party from which the forthcoming Adminis •
tration is to be elected—a party identified, "in the eyes of
the people at large, with no principle, either religious, or
moral, or political." Such are the characters which,
according to the Times, the new servants of the Queen are to
bring with them from their last places ! This, be it remem-
bered, is what their friends say of them ! It is what the
lawyers call " their case." So much for the past. The course
which Sir Robert Peel and his followers are to pursue in
future is marked out by the Times with equal distinctness.
They are called upon to avoid the errors of their predecessors
—" the wholesale machinery of espionage by Commissioners,
the establishment of a rural gendarmerie, and, above all, the
enactment and operation of the new Poor-law"---which means
if it mean anything, that Sir Robert Peel is to discharge the.
Archbishop of Canterbury and the other distinguished indi-
viduals who are acting as Commissioners under the Queen, to
repeal Peel's Police Act, and not to continue in force the New
Poor-law, which (whether they be called Tories or Conserva-
tives) he and his party have almost warmly supported.
TIMES.—Sir Robert Peel is triumphantly borne into power
upon the shoulders of en admiring country. He takes the
reins with a clear majority of ninety at the least. Being thus
placed in a condition which must capacitate him for carrying
his measures irrespective of the demands of crochety indivi-
duals or sectional coteries, he can afford to resist whatever is
unreasonable and to repulse whatever is mercenery. Be the
private badgerings of individuals what they may (and we have
as little to suppose that they will be peculiarly active, as to
anticipate that they will never be exercised at all), the power-
ful Conservative Minister, backed by an immense body of dis-
interested and independent supporters, who being immeasur-
ably above the condition of needy place-hunters, repose in him
an implicit and gratuitous confidence, is consequently enabled
to pursue a straight and inflexible course of political
rectitude, how much soever he may be importuned or threat-
ened, for any sinister purpose. We know well that the great
constitutional phalanx who will sit behind him will, almost to
a man, abstain from embarrassing him with any selfish suppli-
ancy. But should it even prove otherwise, to a partial extent,
the Right Hon. Baronet will allow himself to be dragooned in
nothing from the mere apprehension of losing a few of his sup-
porters. If any such persons should ever approach him in a
tone of miniatory self-importance, we have at length a Govern-
ment who can dare to consult the public welfare in defiance of
individual caprice or personal selfishness. But, what is better
still, nothing of the kind, we can confidently predict, will ever
occur. The very existence of such a large Ministerial majority
as Sir Robert Peel's Cabinet will command, must be just as
effectual for repressing impertinent demands, as for empowering
the Government to resist them.
HERALD.—AIarm appears to have been taken in some
quarters at the negotiations which are said to be now going on
between France and Belgium for a Customs' Union between
the two kingdoms. This alarm is, to say the least of it, rather
premature and unnecessary. The Journal des Debate has,
it is true, lately opened its columns to the advoeacy of some
such project; but others of the French papers distinctly deny
that any proposition having such an object has been under the
consideration of the French Cabinet. The facts of the case
are, we believe, simply these :—The inhabitants of the French
provinces of Alsace and Lorraine have lately importuned
their Minister of Commerce to gain for them the aboli-
tion on the French frontiers bordering on Germany of
the present customs' system, and to establish free inter-
course between Fra nee and Germany, as has lately been done
between France and Holland; at the same time negotiations
have been entered into for the purpose of establishing freedom
of intercourse between France and Belgium, and thus to apply
the principles of the late treaty of commerce with Holland to
the entire northern frontier of France. But so far from these
negotiations having for their object the design of a politico.
commercial league between France and Belgium, it is a tact
that Belgium, while negotiating for this freedom of trade with
France, has proposed to Prussia either to join the German
Commercial Union, or to enter into engagements with that
league similar to those which she may form with France. The
common object of all these negotiations is to make the Blake,
what it never yet has been, a free highway to all the countries
on its banks or those of its tributary rivers. . In such negotia-
tions there, is, we submit, nothing tending to disturb the
existing balance of European power, or to frighten Conserva-
tive statesmen. Whatever may once have been the wish of
many of the Belgians, with respect to a union of their
country with France, no such desire now exists. The
mercantile and manufacturing classes in Belgium deplore,
it is true, the present state of that kingdom ; but they
look forward to another junction with Holland, and not to
either a politico-commercial union with or an annexation to
France. As to what King Leopold may be anxious about, it
is of little matter ; le Roi des .Postilions has about as much
real power in Belgium as the great beggarrnan will shortly
have in Ireland. En route to or in Paris, Wiesbaden, or Lon-
don, LeopOld is an important personage ; at the Lacken, or in
Brussels, he is—a king without power—a monarch withcut
respect. While referring to this subject we may notice one
effect of the late treaty of commerce and navigation which Lord
Palmerston signed with Prusia on behalf of the German Zoll
Vorein. Germany is already reaping the one-sided advan-
tages of that treaty, and German vessels have lately, for the
first time, left the port of Hamburgh laden with German manu-
factures, bound for the British colony of Barbadoes. Others
are taking in similar goods for British North America. So
that by this much vaunted treaty Lord Palmerston has not only
given a political status to the Zoll Vorein, and great encou-
ragement to Germany becoming a naval power, but he has ac-
tually introduced her manufactures in the British colonial
markets, without the intervention of British ships.
POST.—Amongst the deliberate lies put forth by the party
of the beaten Administration this one is conspicuous, that, so
far as town constituencies are concerned, the opinion in favour
of the stupidites lately launched by Ministers on the subject of
sugar, corr • and timber is an increasing opinion. The elec-
tions have plainly demonstrated that it is not. The opposite
views maintained by Conservative never received such support
in the towns since the Reform Bill was enacted as they have
just now received. Nothing can possibly be more marked than
the decisive disapprobation of the Ministers by the towns since
their last absurdities were promulgated, compared with that
which appeared at former elections. The Conservatives have
been returned by town constituencies in a considerably greater
proportion than they were before, and where they did not suc-
ceed in being returned the number of votes in their favour was
very much greater than before. It is, therefore, perfectly clear
that, if the Whig-Radicals still have on their side a small ma-
iority of town Mmbers, they represent a rapidly diminishing

requiring no more than some 10,000!. sterling'per annum in
interest is to be dissolved by a dash of the confiscatory pen of
Senor Bull or any other Minister—whether the five per cent.
obligation exigible in casli,-syrrounded by the most solemn
guarantees that three languages can.eiPress, is to be extracted
from the hands of the holder, and a worthless three, or two, or
one per cent., bond giVen in its stead.
Portugal has been base in many things. She, too, has given
out her Treasury paper, and failed, to this day. to redeem it.
Hitherto, however, she has, at all events, had the grace to pay
punctually the half-yearly stipulated interest.
We abstain from pursuing this business further for the pre-
sent. Senor Bull has inveighed more strongly than ever we
have done against the financial trespasses of his nation upon
the property of foreigners, and it is hard to believe he can have
changed his coat so quickly after taking office. But should it
turn out that the published project is anythifig
more than a
vile and impudent fabrication, intended to injure his character
in England, we certainly shall not spare him. The embassy,
and Mr. Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, the highly-respectable agent,
must in the meanwhile consider it incumbent upon them, as a
point of honour, to ascertain what the fact really is. It can-
not be the wish of the former that the case should be brought
into Court, and this will certainly be the course taken by the
Treasury Bondholders if the outrage upon their property said
to be meditated sboUld be..,,Persevered in. The public are be-
ginning to awaken from their lethargy, and to open their eyes
to the gross delusions practised upon them. Sir C. Williams's
address to the Wakefie!ds the other day in the Court of Bank-
ruptcy Was worthy of the individual. The bankrupts had evi-
dently, by the manner in which they spoke of their want of
" rectitude," no just conception of the magnitude of their guilt
until it was placed in the strongest light before them.
The mass of fraud and corruption concealed under the sur-
face of the foreign loan and financial system, will of necessity
before long be exposed to a wondering nation.

FF

DREADFUL CALAMITY 0
DOVER—EIGHT LIVES LOST.
DOVER, SUNPAY AFTERNOON.—A considerable degree of
painful excitement was created here yesterday, by a report that
no less than 30 persont had perished by a fearful collision be-
tween two vessels off Southland Head. The remarkably fine
Russian barque John, of Riga, laden with timber and long
spars for the use of the Spanish navy, bound for Bilboa, was
about four miles off Southsand Head, about one o'clock yestes-
day morning, when she ran foul of the Prussian barque Pros.
perata (Captain D. W. Albrecht), bound to Ssettin from New-
port, with a cargo of iron rails, carried. away her bow, and
caused her to go down in about 30 fathom water, with eight
souls on board, all of whom perished. The mate of the Pros-
perata, the boatswain, M. Hehendorff, and Eugau, a seaman,
saved themselves by jumping on board the Russian vessel. The
latter, however, sustained a severe injury on the knee, by being
struck by the mainyard, and he now lies in the alms-houses,
in Last-lane, Dover. The John has had four or:five of her stan-
cheons on her larboard side carried away, besides her jib boom,
foretupmasts and yards. A fishing-smack, belonging to a ship-
wright med Johnson, of Dover, brought the John into the
t
bay, an in the course of yesterday- alareaon she was towed in
the wet ek, alongside the harbour, where site will remain to
undergo repairs. ..
The fatal occurrence appears to have originated from the
fluke of the John's anchor coming athwart the bow of the
Prosperata, and the vessels steering a contrary course, the
timbers of the Prussian barque were perforated, and, for some
minutes, it was doubted by the seamen on board either vessel,
if both would not go down. The John, however, was extri-
cated by cutting away her anchor, and she thereby averted
the dreadful fate of the Prosperata.
The agent of Lloyd's hai the calamity thus entered in his
book :
"Arrived the Russian barque, John, of Riga, Captain Edward
Gerard, from Riga for Bilboo, having been in contact last night
off the Southsand Head 1S ith the Prussian barque Prosperata,
of Dantzic, Captain D. W. Albrecht, from Newport for Stettin,
with iron, when the latter sank, the master, six men; and a
boy were drowned, and three men saved themselves by getting
on board the John, and were landed here this day. One man
received a severe hurt on his knee—sent to the alms-himse this
24th of July. The mate and the other seamen at the Crusader
public-house."
The Prosperata with the valuable cargo was not insured. She
was of 200 tons burden.
STATEMENT OF ONE OF THE SURVIVORS.
The mate of the Prosperata, Charles Bethke, who, with
Hehendorff, is staying at the Fresh Endeavour public-house, in
Broad-street, and not at the Crusader, as stated is Lloyd's
memoranda, an intelligent man, makes the following statement.
setting forth the origin of the collision, and the names of those
who met with a watery grave :
" About 11 o'clock we were south-south-east quarter east
and five miles distant from the Goodwin easterly light, keep-
ing our course north-east half north. Our vessel was making
about four knots three-quarters an hour, and about twelve
o'clock we were south-east half east, and about four miles
from the light, and one of the men on watch said there
was a vessel a head. The night was dark, and there were
two men forward keeping a look out, and there were also en
deck myself and a man at the helm. The Captain had gone
to like down, and the other seven hands were in their berths
asleep. Our lull nnmber was 12, but we lost one hand in
the Bristol Channel. When I was told there was a vessel
ahead, I sung out to the man at the helm to keep off and
put the helm up larboard. I also sung out to them on board
the John, but instead of her keeping to windward as she
should have done, she ran foul of us, and her larboard anchor
got fixed in our bow. I beneve there was no look-out on
board the John, and the captain told me that he was below at
the time making up the log, and all the crew were aft hauling
in the braces. The anchor of the John made a hole in our bow
of several feet, and we were both fast with eur stern up-
wards, and did not know which vessel would go down. I
called to our captoin, who came upon deck to see what was
the matter: and upon seeing us foul he asked the othecs if
they were English ? No answer was returned, and we after-
wards heard by their conversation that they were Rus-
sians. The captain of the John inquited why our captain
came so close to him, and the latter answered • My name is
Albrecht.' Our captain then called on us to try to get
clear of the other vessel, and half of us on deck set about
hauling in the main yards, and the others were engaged in
cutting away with an axe the bulwarks of the Prosperata
for the purpose of disengaging her from the anchor of the
John. The carpenter, named Wesling, was called, but did
not come. 1 perceived at this time that there was a large
hole in the bow of our barque, and I told the captain so.
The sea now came up between the vessels, and the captain or-
dered us to get the boats ready. I immediately ran to do so,
and was cutting away the lashings, when the John heaved to,
and struck us again, and our vessel went down immediately.
'rhe captain, when he ordered us to get the boat ready, went
into the cabin to fetch his papers, and he had not time to reach
the deck again. I saved myself on jumping on board the John,
and Hehendorff, the boatswain, and Eugau, a seaman, did the
same. Those that have perished are -D. W. Albrecht, cap-
tain ; Westing, the earpentes ; Scultz, Ladke, Worm, and
Abraham, seamen; and the coxswain's bey and the cabin boy.
They were all in bed except the captain. My opinion is that
it was very wrong of the crew of the John to be hauling in the
braces and all be aft at that time of night, where we were, and
for the captain to be below. He told me himself this was so,
and I never heard of such a thing before. Myself and Hehen-
dorff and Eugau have lost everything that we possessed."
The survivors, who are Prussians, appear to be deeply
.af-
fected at the untimely end which their shipmates have met with.

EXPERIMENTS AT WOOLWICH,
WITH THE PROJECTILE INVENTED BY
THE DUKE OF NORMANDIE.
(From the British Queen.)
The first experiments which took place on Friday at
Woolwich, with the great projectile as prepared by the
Duke of Normandie, although they
did nut prove suc-
cessful in carrying out the intended effects, yet were
sufficient to convince us that he will, in a very few days,
produce other shells, which will entirely remedy the de-
fect in those used on Friday ; and will enable him to
realise the most sanguine expectation entertained of them.
The chief cause of the failure of the. experiments was
in the screw which fixes the brass cap to the shell. It
was fOund by far too weak to resist the force of the
poWder when the cannon was fired';, consequently the
cap, in every case, was instantly broken off, and the in-
ternal preparation of the shell exposed to the blaze of
the powder, which ignited it, and the shell exploded at
the cannon's mouth. This defect can easily be remedied.
One or two other minor defects were pointed out to us
by the inventor, which can be as easily removed. The
caps proved to have too much metal in them, and pro-
ject more than is necessary. In the next experiments
they will be made much lighter ; and, instead of being
fixed on the shell, will be let into it, and form a part of
it, by which means they will become perfectly secure
against the causes which exploded them so prematurely.
FURTHER PARTICULARS.—WOOLWICU, SATURDAY.—
The powerful engine, under the preparation of the Duke
of Normandie, was examined this day, at three o'clock,
in the presence of Major Belson, when it was
ascertained that the ~,,mechanism. which was to .have
given the explosion to the engine was not in action.
It is supposed that the fly did not take motion
when the machine was wound up and set for a
given time, which accounts for the explosion not taking
place at the appointed minute. In consequence of this,
it was determined that the machine should be exploded
by other means. This was done, and the explosion was
of a chart.cter almost impossible to describe ; although
the engine was small, it dislodged and blew to a dis-
tance of several hundred yards, at least 50 square yards
of the clayey stiff soil in which it was buried ; it formed
a crater of about 15 feet deep at the moment of explo-
sion, the air was filled with balls and shells, which
emitted a blaze of light, and then, in falling to the earth,
burst in succession, equalling a discharge of musketry.
We Congratulate the Duke on his siOcess •, and are glad
to, find that the Duke is about immediately to produce
two other engines on the same construction, the ma-
chinery of which shall be made perfect and explode at
the time given. •

THE CENSUS, MANCHESTER TOW,NSHIP.—
The following returns of the census for the town of Man
cliester include the townships of Chorlton-on-Medlock,
Hulme, Ardwick, &c. ; and when it is considered that
in some districts whole rows of houses have been pulled
clown, and their sites occupied by railways, &c., the in-
crease, it will be seen, has been very great. The follow-
ing account, however, must be taken only as an approxi-
mation. the nearest at present to be obtained, to the
census • of this township :—Males, 78,983 ; females,
84,464 ; total, 163,447. The classification of the above
returns is obtained from the five registrars' districts,
which comprise the older, and better known fourteen
police districts of the township. By referring to the
official returns of the census of 1821, and that of 1831,
taking thence the populations at those periods of the
several police districts, included in the above return, in
one registrar's district, we obtain the following result-
-1821, 108,016 ; 1831, 142,026 ; 1841; 163,447. Thus it
will be seen that the total increase of the population of
the township, during the ten years ending in 1831, was
34,010, or about 31i per cent. The increase during the
last ten years ending last month, was 21,421, or little
more than 15 per cent.
Inviviratnhdispieturesque treatment,
subbejecgtlawdill to
GUY FAWKES.—The public
grandyttili
hpucarblisthheadt Miur.a Afeiwnsdwaoyrsth.'5 story
and strange and rapid incident, the new historical romance
surpasses any former work even of the same distinguished
author, who like his French contemporary, Victor Hugo,
has availed himself of sources of interest never hitherto. explored.
Among these, the wild and fearful events which occur on the
great morass in Lancashire called " Chat Moss," will surprise
the reader with the novelty of scene and dreadful circunwances
of action, an excitement kept up in a masterly manner by the
subsequent transactions of the conspirators in London. The
numerous illustrations by George Cruikshank are in his hap-
piest manner.
The General Steam Navigation Company's mail
packet Giraffe arrived off the Custom-house yesterday, with
the Dutch mail. Also the Neptune, Whittingham, from Ham-
' burgh, arrived off the Custom-house at nine; A.M., this day,
with the Hatabargh mail.

IRELAND.

The Evening Mail states that Sir Edward Biakeney having
received information of an intended outbreak of the peasantry
of-Kilkeimy and Carlow " upon an extended scale," has or-
dered a considerable body of troops to march upon those
districts.

The Nenagh Guardian states that a rumour prevailed
yesterday in the town, to the effect that the Baroness Braye
the mother of Robert Otway Cave, Esq., M.P., was dead, and
if this was true, Mr. Cave would take his seat in the Upper
House as Baron Braye.
ARRIVAL OF LORD MORPETH.
Lord Morpeth arrived at Kingstown yesterday evening,
the Post-office steam packet, and proceeded to the Chief Se-
cretary's lodge in Phmnix Park.
The Lord-Lieutenant, Lord Morpeth, and Mr. Norman
Macdonald, Under Secretary, rode in from the Park to Dublin
Castle this afternoon.
MARRIAGE OF THE LORD LIEUTENANT.
The Dublin Evening Post contains the following :—" The
marriage of the Lord Lieutenant and Lady Somerville will be
solemnised on Monday, at the Viceregal Lodge, by the Bishop
of Cashel. In consequence of the recent melancholy event in
his Excellency's family, the ceremony will be performed in the
most private manner, and the attendance will be confined to
small number of the nearest relations of the parties."
The Morning Register of this day says, " A new license
was obtained yesterday, the former one being taken out in thc
name of Viscount Ebrington. The Misses Geale, sisters of his
intended bride, will be the bridesmaids. Mr. Geale, who is on
circuit, arrives in Mountjoy-square to-morrow evening, and on
Monday will have the happiness of giving his accomplished
daughter away."