The Sun.
London, England, 1823-07-29 00:00:00

FOURTH CORPS.

BADALONA, JULY, 20.---Individuals who have recently
quitted Banel?na say, that the discontent and fermentation
there are increasing. .

It appears that the bulk of the corps of Milans snd
bergs, to the number of about 000 men, have not moved from
Villa Franca, and theta strong detachment only had advanced
towards Igualada. 'Disorder and distrust reign in the ranks of
the enemy.
They are no.doubt informed at Villa Franca of the defection
of many regiments of the corps of liallasteros. This event will
. necessarily produce a lively sensation, and lead to the most im-
portant results.
The garrison of 'Barcelona has this morning made a sortie
towards Hospitalet, anti attacked us with sufficient resolution,
but was repulsed with still wore. 'We have only had a few
wounded.
•PA MS, JULY 20.—The corvette LaYictorieuse, forming
part of the Naval division cruising in the
_Mediterranean, pre-
sented itself on the 13th inst. before Peniscola, and its Com-
manders summoned the Governer of the fortress to make his
submission.to the Regency established at Madrid.
The Journal des Debuts proceeds to observe, that the Officers
who were the bearers of. this proposal were received with the
gftatest enthusiasm by the population,
_hut that the Governor,
who was one of the Judges of. General Elio, would listen to
no accommodation—another proof of the fact, that with the
exception of a fel light-headed officers, the whole population
of 'pain beholds the destruction of the Constitution with en-
thusiasm. _ _ _

( From the Cuustilutionnel.)
PARIS, JULY 20.—The article in which we spoke of the
passage of foreign soldiers, gave rise op Friday to the seizure of
our Jqurnal. We were surprized at the measure, because, if
the statement was incorrect, nothing was more easy than to
rectify it by explanations which we ourselves solicited, and
which we should have felt it a duty to publish. Two., words
of explanation would, we confess, have appeared to us% more
peremptory refutation than a seizure.
[From the Courier Francais.)
PAnxs, JULY 24 —Although the telegraphic dispatch insert-
ed in the Moniteur of this day, is as laconic as such sort of com-
munications must necessarily be, it is yet long enough to
enable us to appreciate the veracity of some assertions in the
Ministerial Journals. They told us that the troops at the Isle
of Leon and Cadiz did not. exceed 4,000 men, badly clothed
and armed ; some of them said 6,000, but no one made the
number greater. The telegraphic dispatch says that 9,000
made a sortie, which'shews what confidence those Journals de-
serve which. accuse us so frequently of incorrectness. The
Journal der Delats said that there was not, according to the
certain information: it had received,. one hundred cartridges in
the place. Since the Jotiriralyeceived this intelligence, there
must have been great activity in Cadiz, for it is hardly probable
that 9,000 men mime a sortie with only 100 cartridges, that being
..Only:qnf for.eveuy 90 men, even admitting that they had carried
' \villi'them the Whole stock of the 'garrison.

MENU! OFFICIAL ACCOUNT. OP TIIg SORTIE

FitOIII'6ADIZ.

MADIXII). '2O;

..
On the morning of .the 030;8,000 or 0,000 men, supported
by the fire of AO pieces of cannon. end
.9 gun-boata, made a
sortie from the isle of Leon and Trocatiero, advancing in six
columns on the:different points-of our line. . . ,_
. The right ,column, shout 2,000
,strong,. passed the mina by
the fort of St- Petri. Three other columns debauched by the
bridge of Sueze; one consisting of between MOO end :i..000:
men, with artillery,. took' the dieection,of chiclana; Another,
consisting of bent een j,201) and l,eoo men anti ,150 cavalry, .
Advaneed on the red'oulet,of Relluno i and another, amounting
to „between .1,200 and. 1,800 Olen, marched' on, the mill of
elaii:l27loo)fltetstile.
111i:it:fill:a
tfshiifiliichc:torlaaheitlcalitont; , con e i eteng,
Otiiiii which war !baffled.nod etcUpied by a company of. eharp-
of between 1,000 and
!,ont.iniztet)tt_
itoints,ytatriedsreoillulle,otooßlienh:
issued limn the Trocatlero. . .. . .
All these columns crossed the canal, fornietl themselves
under the
withpro a tectiboonidoni
of the
,i
dte.ibi.eafth sticli tu
teriee anitlvacnotmaxn.were cedtchaelir
flo..
culated to inspire. , In order to augment the enemy's confi-
dence,, and to induce him to more beyond the reach of the
erape.eitot of his irtillery, Generet BiAlesonfie in addition to
the arringeMents Which he lied already Meile, gaVe oleic:1401m,
with the exception of his fortified post, his troops should retire;
but the ardour with Which they were animated did not permit,
them to, execute the retrograde moveinent of which their Ge.:
neral wished to take advantage, with the vice, of ultimately
preventing the enemy from returning into his intienehinents.
,At Pteerto Real a company of greneiliere and, one of sharp.
shooters or the :36th, after waiting until the enemy .came with-
in 20 paces before they fired, advanced on his flank with such
boldness, that he retired in the greatest confusion, pursued as
for fetes pontoon bridge by our two companiee, who, notwitie.
standing the firing of. 20 pieces of artillery, made several pre.
sonar : . the Spaniards lied also many wounded and drowned.
.The column Which issued front the, Caraecaprocceded to
Yenta Nueva, but at company of the :1-fth having appeared in
eight, this column suspended - its offensive moVenstienpot, .rittnleta,
though the troops, which occupied the redoubt Ruffin had be.
gun to fall back in conformity to their"ordert, the enemy did
not venture beyond the
_cover of time fire of two gums-boats and
the batteries of the Canteen. . •
The column destined to attack the mill of Osie, m
by the fire of at gun-boat, Met with so *wen a reception from a
eurapany of sharpshooters of the 34th, who occupied that poste
tion, that they retiredekaving the ground-covered with their
dead and wounded. .
. e Time column Which marche# en the redoubt of Belleno met
' with no better success. It was received by the well-nutintain-
ed tire of two companies, supported by two battalions en
echelon ; and after having returned time fire for half an hour, it
i
' retired to unite itself with the column that was attaictsltiunngsuthpe.
• mill of Osio, and tailed with it In that attempt. The company
isivtarttiedoneetal
litnrtathiet
wmitillhszderi
tts
hethact talicigkhoest
rttroalesoelu nns,' atnountz; by
mg together to .2,500 men, who, after, maitgliinitig a fusillade
for time space of an-hour, and-sustaining considerable loss, were
forced to retire.
The column which bad advanced along the road of Wawa,'
presuming that the fortified house, situated in etivence of the
town, was abetulonedt
who occupied
deploy, but General Count de Betisy,
marched on with greaet::scopnafi
ceceseoeifthtoe
it, reed of the sharp-shooters stationed In its reef. The co-
hcrouiesseo,f it 'wVasivraecßelievrd'hly the()n figerioviinfheat troops who
who had two battalions, and , three
Ilona then attempted to
pieces of artillery of the
guard, tnasked in the wood, gave orders for firing, art mftreh.
mg on the column, forced it t retire. ' It was pursued nearly
to the canal, and suffered greao t loss.
. Thectune ol that issued from a point near the fort of St. Pe.:
trilled arrived within en-shot of the chapel of St. Anne, near
Chiclana, and- the ,Prince de ettrignano, who occupied that
point with a battalion of the 20th, iimnediately engaged et it.
Protected•by various obstacles, it had maintained its ground
for upwards of an hour, when heat rel lietisy, having driven
back the troopsthat had Marched upon him, advanced with a
battalion upon St. Anne. This last column then experienced
the fait of all the rest. It retired in disorder, and with thin-
culty regained its boats, which -our troops-attempted teeeeizei
notwithetantling the cross tires. fr S
ont tile Fort of taint Petri,
a battery, and two gun-Ito:ifs.. Its line was very near the
,
boats. • bstaedin . ' • I
In this affair the cocas •,
note•it e his ei vantageS in
number and artillery, was every where tepolsed, having-1,40
men killed or woum 'ed. According to_ the first accounts, we
have sixteen killed and sixty-five wounded, among • weem.ate.
five officers.

What has happened to the steamboat* from London is one
of the greatest humiliations that the British flag can suffer, and
all the English here murmur at • lt was authoritatively
summoned, made to appioseh bZ Cannon.shot, the passengers
and letters sent onshore, and the stearn.boat ordered to go to
San Lncar, thoUghit had uaCargo Whatii,er. As thd Spanish
passengers were not incommoded with the letterS stopped, the
only object must haVe been to insult the British vessel, That
Government well deserVeS this and other insults which it daily
experiences, since it is certain that the Fritsch have placed their
blockade within Gibraltar. The vessels at the bar of Cadiz
mock all the power of Great Britain, Whlld there is not a day
passes that feluccas and boats of
.all other nations do not cater
this port. * (This was the Royal George.)
Juti 4.—General Zayas has arrived at MaTags, Where he
has found the people full of enthusiasm in the cause of the con.:
itituelon. The French blockading squadron is constantly in
sight, but cannot hinder the entrance of a single boat.—
Many arrive with provisions of all kindi. The Cortes oii
tinue to take such measures as the crisis dentands.—(Es.peeta.
dor, July A.)
At two this morning a column of 2,000 men left La Ma,
and advanced towards Chiclana, for the purpose of destroying
some houses which might serve to cover the enemies works. Our
troops drew up in front of the position occnpied by. the French,
and offered battle ; but the latter declined accepting it. The
houses were destroyed by our sappers without molestation, and
our troops then returned to their lines. A Decree has been
issued, authorizing all Governors and other Authorities to expel
from the territory under their jurisdiction all foreigners, in the
least suspected as being spies.—(lbid.)
.lirt,v s.—This afternoon the brilliant battalion of San Mar.
cial left this city for La Isla. In marching through the square
of the Constitution, the Commander harangued his troops ; and
at the conclusion of his speech, the soldiers answered *WI the
most enthusiastic shouts.

This afternoon an officer has arrived from the third Army
of Operations, sent by Gen. Zayes with dispatches for Govern-,
ment. The accounts he brings are most faVourable, and
lead us to hope that we shall soon have another Army in
Operation.'
CORUNNA, JtILY 10.
The Diaria Constitnthinal publishes the Proclamation of
General lllorillo, dated Lugo, .June 26. Sir Robert Wilson
proposed to employ the muskets to he received from Eng-
land to arm the Militia of Corunna, which was approVed by
General Quiroga. _

• " VIGO, JULY 1.
"My dear friends and companions in arms--I am on the point
of removing to Corunna. I would willingly have remained with
you in this conjuncture, but the public interest is yours, and this
must always take place of every consideration. I left my
country to join the ranks of a valiant people, contending for its
independence against a 'foreign enemy—not to interfere in its
internal concerns; but to attain this end, adopting means
which may conduce to it, I shall remain faithful to my
,obligu- ,
tion so long as the Spanish nation preserves its loyalty to -the
Government which it swore to defend against the dictates of
the tyrannical invader.
" The prudence and firtnnesvf your political and military
chiefs are the best pledges of the wise and Item administration of
your affairs during. the present crisis ; and your patriotism,
Jadgment, and spirit, will ensure the ,maintenance of order, and
the performance of all the duties which the country. has a right
to demand, and which it expect.% from you ; and you may he
confident that the freemen of Great Ilritain will. Aver abandon.
your =use while the enemy treads your soil,and you.you valves'
remain faithful to it.

(Signed)

"It. J. WILSON.

• " Vigo, June 30,- . 7• - .
ISLAND or I,Eosi, Ju.ILY 4.--This morning a battelion of
infantry and a squadron of cavalry went out by the bridge of
Smizo, in search of the enemy, who withdrew to.. Port St,.
illary's and Chielann. Our advanced cavalry. went very near
both pincer, but the enemy
,showed no disposition to skirmish,
This afternoon it has been noticed that part of the enemy have
left (Jbiclnna and Port St. Mary's, to. erica* in the Pinar.
Many vessels laden Withprovisions have entered-on-the side of
Sam Petri. • This .morning *detachment or ehasseurs made
sortie from..the Trocadero ; but the enemy did not make his
appearance. • • •
On.a•risrisitri•rE 20—General Plasseneia, who comMands
here, is•assembling a large body of men. -Neither in this. pro.
Vince, nor that of Malaga, do we know of the existence of an
enemy, or any .tlf the factions. liallastariiii is expected-here to.,
night, with 200 cavalry. Pit army is kit at Alcoy,' amounting
to 10 or 12,000 men." •

PROCLAMATION . .
or THE POWTIPAILcume OF OItENSL•

INHABITANTS or"rpE PuoviNct: OF 011ENSE,

It is now three months since the French troops entered, SPain,
and made war on us without any previous declaration. Ilobbeni
enter clandestinely the habitations of °thefts, to assassinate the
owners.

, .
_ ......_ . ~ . .
NapOleon, in 1000, : endeavoured in like manner, to get poG.
session of Spain, anti be was assisted by traitors by hundreds,-,
the. result was, teat of 500,Q00 soldiers that entered Spain, there
did not return 200 000. ..
_. . .

Money in abundance is brought by the French Oenerals whol
are now combating against us, and who promise themselves to'
get it hack with abundant interest ; in the mean tune, however,
it serves 'them to purcllase traitors, and to do by this means
What they cannot do by force., They pay fbr, and stir up civil
war, in order that we may destroy one another, and thereby
smooth the way, to vanquish and master Us.
In fialicia they have tried their usual arts; and you well
know that in some provinces,' they sticeeeded in causing fu-
rious discord, to arm bands of robbers, assassins, banditti; and
people without character, who carry nfi' by force the wretched
peasantry in crowds to he Sacrificed, that by.their assistance
they may rob, plunder, kill, and cover the country with havoc
and lamentation.
Neftwithstanding all this, however, they dared.net to enter
(Wid' e because. having only in Aitorga, Leon, mid all CaS.
tile, anti the moilntains towards Btirgos, a breath from Galicia
Would have been sufficient 'to exterminate them. Treachery
was necessary for them, and they have succeeded in obtain-
Mg it. . • ,
General thatiunt of` Carthagena has changed the GoVern-
Ment in Lugo, establishing another without method at his good
pleasure ; and 'by orders which we received from him yester-
day, he informs its that. we de the same, that we • must as-
semble a Junta arbitrarily, and Authorities of all classes;'
•.
that we name a new Ayuntannento in the city at our pleasure,
or leave the present, or retail that of The past year ; that we' do
the same in all the other Canton's, according as we think kit ;
that we arrest and send to his head-quarters whomsoever we
please; and that we preserve the Stones of the Constitution f
but the Constitution does not
,permit any thing_ arbitrary. :It
commands the laws to he observed, that the Kiniq. governing
according to Them shall be obeyed, and that; in Spain. ,the Ro-
Man Catholic Religion shall alone be obeyed..... this we have
sworn ; this we will execute.
The. Count de Carthagena commands also that a Junta of
Government be formed, to consult with it respecting afrairs
that appear to him serious, always, however, yielding obe.:
dience to his will. This is making himself a despot, and the
Constitution allows no despots,—tbis is usurping the rights'
which the Constitutim gives only to our Lord Don Ferdinand
the V 11th—it is paving the way to much More : Napoleon did
not dare so much.

The pretext foi, these tumultuary and arbitrary innovations
is, that the French troops uproot hing Seville, the Cortes,
made arrangements for removing themselves and the Go-
verinitelit to Cadiz ; that having sent a messenger to the
Xing, D II
on Ferdinand the V. refused compliance; that' he
would consent to his removal as an individual, but that he
could not consent as,a King and for the good of his people.--'
This is known Itsrely through the papers of the French, through
the Gazettes of the so called Regency appointed in Madrid by
the I d'Angoulerne, General. of the French troops :.sett
to these Ottettes and• papers the Count (1;2: Carthagena and
.those who surround hint choose to give credit,
If the Cortes in Seville took the means allegl on ap.
preach of the French troops, having no other °alternative, they

If the servants of the King deceived and sedueeil hint, a‘
happened on other occasions, and they decided on'ttot'lltakitig
the necessary dispositions for his removal, it was neciiiary
to seek a remedy. To.name an interim Ana proViiiquit Re-
gency merely for that object, was the first Width offered itself ;
but that the Cortex actually did so, and the.wholecireuitAtioces
of the case we only know through the papers:Of tlie•Fienth;
and the traitors who take their part. They saYwliWtAittits
them, and what is necessary to deceive and disunite us..
Cadiz la 'lsla could not•he entered by 50,000 men of Bap.
naparte. There the person of the King will be"accure, and
thence he issues hii orders„which we will obey. 1.•
If in Cadiz anti the Isla it should happen that the King can.
not remain in security, let him come among us,.and in Galicia
we will preserve him and obey the Jaws. The King eftti the
Cortei may agree to regulate theirdifferenees, and to agree in
What may be must for the good of the natioo.tuld the general
tranquillity; but no Frenchmen let the traitors go with thou,
and, in the mean time, no peace.
The Count de Carthagena at once sent a floret truce to ilia
General of the French troops in Leon end Astorga, proposing
the sending-of Commissioners to treat with•the Duke d'Angott:
4eine, and demanding passports for them r but for a General to
treat with the enemies, without any knowledge of the Government,
and whilst the other Generals are standing.out and combating for
the defence of the liberty of the nation, renders it necessary for
us to state how things are. When the Government determine
on greeting, when the Genera/1s of the other armies, agree on
this, when in this manner there is uniformity, and the nation is
not divided, then there will be no repugnance• or; our Tait, and
we shall be prompt in yielding obedience to what ,the general
good demands; but in the meantime, let us. be. quit of the
French ; let the traitors accompany theth, and till then let
there be no peace; .
. „ .
Soldiers who happen tb be in thii Provinee, its superior au-
thorities . will not consent to your being sold. Before Lit the oc-
currences of go, and of the disorder which it pretended
thoteis every where, all the money was taken from this pro-
vince, it was bleeded ; it was wished that the national militia
should be with the army ; but we shall not want resources, nor
shall be afraid of not being able to defend ourselves, and to sus.
tain at all hazards the liberty of the flatten and, the holy religion
which we profess. „
• •
Soldiers!► however you may be Situated, the ftithful 'and
pacific province of Orme, and with it all Galicia, shall be the
Asylum of the worthy military who shall do their duty. No
foreigners who conic to, dishonour us ; nopaitors, who sell our
soldiers ; no disorganizers of our army in order that the French
may destroy it. •
The Political Chief PEDRO BOA DO SANCHEZ.
The General Military Commandant ANTONIO ROSELLO.
• Orenre, .June 29, 1023.

LISBON PAPERS.

Jut.V t.

The following fi the form of the. paper which the Generals,
commanding In the provinces are to get signed by a those
under their command, for the purpose of executing, as far as
they are concerned, the Law, of the of June this year
T, the übdersigned, bind myself not to belong from this
day forward to any secret Society subjecting myself in ease.
should, have the misfortune to foil in this promise, either by,
frequenting the said Societies, or enrolling myself in theni, tri
the penalty imposed by Article sth of the Law of the 2llth of
June 1323.

" Quarters at of July 1823."
A Portuguese brig, in ten days from. the island of Terceira,
brings word that the inhabitants of thatisland received with
great satisfaction the news from Traz.os-Montes, and resolved
•to proclaim the King independent; that they had had 4 meet...
ire; on the Ist of June in the suburb of Angra, Which was
opposed by the. Judge of that city and the. Military. Authori-
ties i • but the people obtained their ohject, not without blood-
shed,, caused by their dislike to those who bed adopted the sys.
tern that then governed.
.7 u On the 7th the Junta, created by the, Decree of
the 19th ofJune to prepare, a plan, fur the Constitution of mhoPortnguese,Manarchy, had its first sitting.at the. Palace of
Reef°. All the ,members composing the Junta, being assembled
the most illustrious 3farquis do Paimella, tlresident,.addressed
the :Meting in it speech to the following etfilet,t—
-" When the Portuguese, by a spontanootui Wpvelllen 4. threw
oil; the yoke of thp iimttluitous and disorganisingfaerton'Whieit
tyrannised over tlism the unanimous sentiments; !tvidelt tenor
had restrained, leudlY declared tlieent,elves. 0(1 141proolitiont4
theaugust name of the King our SoVereign,, the savitair of the
country, to whom the nation, with general anti nnlithited cOn-
lidenee, left the (Tecigion of its fiirther destinies.
!•"rias eyibch in the history of Pommel will certainlY be its.
mortal In the memory of mankind; •and posterity will take
example from the heroism and loyalty of, a will° who know
how to remove In time•the veil of error, and to stop at the brink
of the precipice to which they had been led by ayerverse and
ambitious sect,,which, abusing, the name of liberty and an-
nouncing a visionary regeneratien, aimed at dissolving till the
hands of seciety,,by plimging us in the horrors of anarchy ; and
in a short time would have effitted the illustrious name of Por-
tugal from the Map of Europe."
Extellenek then went at great length into a detail of the
fatal effects produced he the rash measures of those who had
promised the people all manner of blessings cor the change
which they had;effeeted ; these having led to, general discon-
tent, and to a unanimous resolution of the nation to restore his
Majesty tan his ancient situation, and to abjure the despotism at'
the tortes. The King,. acting on 4 a same firOVIAS that hail
before induced hint to adhere to the Constitution, now yielded
to what ho evidently saw to be the general wish of his people.
But his Majesty, resuming his supreme power, seeks only to
consolidate a Monarchy, in the organization of which, without
losing sight of the Portuguese Government, the dignity of the
Throne may bo combined with the rights of 'the several classes
in the State, and the security which the laws ought to afford to
every individual. Ile desires to premulgate a A-;ode not in-
tended for the developement of vain mai abatract theories, but
whichmay practically guarantee the most essential rights, and
tit the public safety on a solid basis, giving room for progres-
sive einelioration„ and preserving U prAcm analogy with the
wisest institutions ot,the other Monarchies of Europe, not only
because their advantages have been proved by ciperienett, but
because our intinutte relations with Other States how de-
sirable it is that the 'fistful tient; 0(411 the powtra way lipproxi,
mate to clich other AS much as possible.
For this purpose his Miesty has been * situ aged to apai tilesOresent Junta, have thp,honour to be I 'resident,
and which, being compOsed of nien of ;hell acknowledged
merit, will doubtless fulfil its honourable commiSsion, and
draw up a plan of our Constitution worthy of his Majesty's
royal• approbation, anti which may establish for .ntany 'ages the
happiness of the Portuguese nation. .
• Juix 10.—. A circular letter from the iiarquisl.Paimella to
the Foreign Ministers; &c acquaints them, that he has, by his
Majesty's order, intimated to Don Memel Mona de Aguilar,
that in coosequence of the unheard-of insult put upon his Ca-
tholic Majesty.at Seville, the governMent of his moat. Faithful
Majesty cannot recognize him as agent, of the Government of
Cadii ; that all official correspondence with him, must therefore
cease, but he may remain at lAisbon as a private individual.—
This measure, _however, by no means involves any hostile dis-
position towards Spain, but is merely a measure conaistent
with the principles of this Government, and conforgiable to the
Aonduet observed by the representatives of all the miter Powers
of Europe who were at Seville on the 604SiOri of the offence to
hill Catholic Majesty," •• •

, .
CO It i'ls,luxe 345 --A boat on(ler • G reek
- r•
colours; with a flag of truce, entered our port yosterilar and
:tailed two itytlTS linen 1t is affittlital that tt eamo tottignify.to
G the overrtinent of Corfu that a6' reek Squadron of 12 sail;
which had arriycd at was cowing ,to our serol to
cruise 'on. the coast of. Albania : an filet, two tiree it art.ae d brigs
have been Seen
.to.day tho port of A.lotirlos, opposite bur island.
Fa A N 14)1ii","jile. V 1 9.-. g;lta riel Spectator
says—We have' atllieting news' from Egypt; A lekandrut is deso-
la ced by the plague. f.)ai the 3d or May, th4itt disorder appeared
on board of more than 2(1 European vessels of different nations,
end several sailora-have-died aft; T E
he uropoan vtssel which
brings this imiapaloly intelligence has, happily, no merchan.
dist; on hoard.' It OF Singular 'that ltosetta, I.)amit,t-ths nom.
and enyirom, wciefsvpapt from this dreadful scourge. iflut
flotilla arlitlTT,..TotT AIT bad not yet sailed frinu. Egypt fur.
Caudits ; it-wait vi,Aiting fertile moo.

v,

TBIE SUN.

aor.raff ours orcenr. f.itsum 4111.1D,EAD

LONDON,
TURSDAY, JULY 24, 1823.

We have, in our front page, given copious
extracts from the Foreign Journal►, including
toresting articles relative to the state of affairs in
s,pain and Portugal. Amongst them is the French
account of the sortie by the garrison of
Cadiz ; but although even that account only
proves the resolution :and activity of the
Constitutional troops, we 'have been made
so well acquainted with the quality of the
French statements, by the Bulletins of Marshal
ritonicaY, that we leek with eagerness for the
arrival of the Spanish accounts of the actions
before Cadiz, in the'confident expectation that

they will prove that the Prena suffered severely
from the determined attacks which they were
compelled to sustain. With respect to the in-
telligence from Lisbon,—we are desirous of
saying as little as possible relative to the affairs of
Portugal, until we see what sort of a Constitu-
tion is to be presented to that country, and until
the war in Spain. has been brought to an issue.---
It is impossible, however, to pass over unnoticed
a curious part of the speech of Count PA utt ELLA)
in which he says it is desirable that the nature of
the Government of Portugal should approximate
as much as possible to that of the other Euro-
pean Powers, and that in fact it is necessary that
all the European States should bear a political
resemblance to each other. Does the Count mean
an approximation to the Constitution of England,
—to that of France,—or to the kind of Go-
vernment established at Vienna, Berlin, and
St. Petersburgh ? And, if a political affinity is
to be created between all those Governments,
which of them are to undergo the necessary mo-
difications ? Is England to adopt the French
Charter, or to place herself under the sway of an
absolute Monarch ?' Or, are France and- the
great Powers of the Holy Alliance to adopt the
Constitution of England ? PALMELLA
seems to have indulged in a reverie !

The Lisbon Mail has brought us letters and
papers from Vigo up to the 3d July, which,
though of a date long anterior to the operations
in that quarter on which all eyes are now
directed, are still valuable, as shewiug the spirit
which the treachery of Mottn.Lo has excited
throughout the Provinces. The addresses
of several Political Chiefs which have been
transmitted to us, breathe nothing but ar-
dent patriotism, and indignation against Mo-
LtILLO. We have translated ►hat of the Chief
of Orense as a specimen. That of the Political
Chief of Vigo, dated July 2, commences, " Citi-
zens, the strange conduct of the Count de CAR..
TIIAGENA, in abandoning the cause of his country,
if he has caused me the strongest disgust, has, at
the same time, afforded me the satisfaction of
witnessing your noble sentiments, and the indig-
nation which it has excited in you." The Chief
of Corunna protests," in the face of the nation,
that he swore to the Constitution or death, and
that be will seal his oath with his blood."

We have received Cadiz Papers to the Bth
instant, sad subjoin an outline of their contents,
of which the proceedings of: the Cortes form the
most important part :

In the Sitting of the oth, the election of a new President
took place. Senors Zu LIT ET A and GAL ttioto had most votes
on the first'nomination, but on the final ballot the former 1145
chosen by 68 votes out of 86. Senor TOP4AS was chosen Vice-
President, and Senor N.AVAII.IIO TEJEIIIO, Secretary.

111.0 President stated, that the subject for discussion was the
report of the-committee on the proposition of Senor NAVARRO,
for the suspension of some of the forms prescribed by the Con-
stitution. The report of the Committee was in the form of a
decree consisting of nine articles. The first eight relating to
the suspension of several articles of the• Constitution, and limit-
ing that suspension to several cases, as well as to the districts
declared to be in a state of war, were after a short debate agreed
to. The ninth article is in the following terms :—" Finally,
the provision made by article 30E of the Constitution is sus-
pended."
In the Committee Senor CASTESON, one of its members.,
bad objected to this article, and the report had for an appendix
his particular vote in these terms :—" To my infinite regret I
cannot accede to the Opinion of the CoMmittoe with regard to
the proposed suspension of article 306 of the Constitution, be-
causal do.not believe that the tenor of the said article is cont.
prehended in the forms referred to in article 308."
In order to the right understanding of the question, it is ne-
cessary to state,tliat the articles of the constitution provisionally
suspended by the first eight articles of the report (which are
contained in Title V. Chapter 3d,, on the administration of jus-
tice in criminal affairs) relate to the forms of proceeding in
cases of arrest. The article 308, which is held to sanction their
suspension, is the last .in the chapter. It provides that " in
extraordinary circumstances, should-the safety of the state in
all or any of its parts require the suspension of any of the forms
prescribed in this chapter . for the arrest of delinquents, the
Cortes have power to decree such suspension for a certain
period."
Article 306, to the suspension of which Senor Castejon ob-
jected, declares " that no • house belonging 'to any Spaniard
shall be forcibly entersdi cceptinthose eases'which the law
may determine for the good order and safety-of the state."
Several Deputies, and among others Arguelles, concurred in
objecting to the article, on account of the forict in which it was
expressed.

The Secretary of State for Grace and Justice proposed a mo-
dification, to the effect that the houses of Spaniards might be
entered in the cases, during the time, and in the districts re-
ferred to in the first and Second of the preceding eight articles.
In this shape the article waa agreed to, and the whole report
adopted.

The Cortes next proceeded to the consideration of the Report
of A Committee on the proposition of Senores Genet, Santos
Saute; and Varella, for allowing neutrals to carry the produce
of the Isle of Cuba the same as Spanish ships, on paying a
duty of 4 per cent. as a license for the flag. The Committee
recommended the adoption of the following draught of a
decree:—

" Art. I. During the present war, and until two months
after the publication of peace in the respective ports. trading is
permitted between the Peninsula and adjacent islands, and the
transmarine provinces, in foreign vessels under a friendly or
neutral P.m.
" 2. The cargoes which they may carry shall pay the duties
established for the Spanish vessels, with the addition of 4 per
cent. for qualifying the Ilag.
" 3. Outward cargoes shall pay to the respective custom.

houses the regular duties, notwithstanding the provisions of
Art. 18 of the tariff regulations of the 29th December, 1821.
" 4. The provisions of the preceding articles are to be under-
stood without prejudice to anterior decrees of the Cones of 31st
of January and the 26th of June of the present year."
Arguelles said it would be with much regret if he objected
to this report in the present circumstances, but he hoped that
means would be found to counteract, in some measure, the
injury which such an innovation was calculated to inflict on the
remains of Spanish commerce.
The Finance Minister observed, that the naval force which
France had stationed on the coasts of the Peninsula rendered
the proposed measure not only useful, but absolutely necessary.
After several other Deputies had spoken, it was resolved that
there was ground for voting on the whole of the Reports but
the question on its final adoption was deferred until a subse-
quent sitting.
In the course of the debate, Senor Adan asked whether the
Government had knowledge of an order of the French Minister
of Marine, intimating that hostilities were not to be directed
against Spanish commerce?

The Secretary of Finance said the Government had as yet
received no official notice of the order alluded toby Senor Man,
but he could declare that he himself had seen quite the con-
trary conduct. He had seen French cruisers make Spanish
merchantmen put back from the port, and even disarm them,
which was the same thing as giving them up to the pirates.
Even before the war commenced, the Velar. Mariana, a ship
which was private property, was captured.
From the shipping lists in the Cadiz Papers, it appears that
the French blockade is quite inefficient. Vessels of all nations,
French excepted, daily enter. On the sth no less than 40 sail,
chiefly laden with provisions, arrived. Among them is men-
tioned " the English brig Leopold, from Guayaquil, with
cocoa ;" and the announcement of this arrival is accompanied
by the following note :—" As this brig was standing in, one of
the French men of war hailed her in order to overhaul her, to
which, however, she paid no attention, and the Frenchman
gave chase and fired four guns at the brigantine, but found it
impossible to come up with her. On entering the bay the
brigantine neared the coast of Puerto, from the castle of which
the French also fired some cannon, but still without doing the
least injury to the brigantine, which entered safe and sound,
thus frustrating and covering with ridicule the French skill in
seamanship and artillery."
A decree of the Cones, dated July 2, deprives such Spaniards
as still adhere to the enemy of all the rights and guarantees to
which they would be entitled by the Constitution.
The anniversary of the 7th of July, the day on which the
insurrection of the Guards was defeated, was celebrated with
great solemnity.

The Especlador of the 2d contains the follow-
ing information on the state of Portugal:—

" The passengers who arrived yesterday by the steam-boat
give a most melancholy picture of the state of Lisbon. The
merchants are confounded and mortified. The army, which
suffered itself to be seduced to destroy the liberty of the
country, is in 'a state of complete insubordination, and every
thing announces that the revolution in Portugal is now only
about to begin.

" At present three parties are distinguishable—namely, the
Constitutionalists, the Absolutists, and a middle party, which
may be called that of the Padilcators. It appears that the
Minister Palmella leads the last. The Queen and the In-
fanta Don-Miguel direct the second. As for the King, he is
a mere cipher, and his late conduct has lost him the favour of
all parties. • .

" Some of the Deputies of the Cortes are thrown into pri-
son others have fled. The Colonels of most of the regiments
have been changed, tiut the soldiers refuse to recognise these
new carrananderi, and insist on the restoration of their old ones.
In fine, their insubordination has reached such a height, that
the partisans of despotism publicly declare that they cannot
depend on the troops, and it is necessary to call in a foreign
army. Such is the quiet and peace which the Portuguese have
obtained from those who told them that there could be no
tranquillity while the Constitution existed ! Such would be
the picture which Spain would present were the Government
to be dissolved, and our enemies to carry their intentions into
effect!"

Various letters have been received this morn-
ing from Cadiz, particularly one of the 9th inst.,
which describes that city to be in the highest
spirits, and they entertain sanguine hopes of com-
pelling the French to raise the blockade. Pro-
visions are there in abundance, and very cheap.
Three very large American ships, in de-
fiance of the blockade by the French squadron,
laden with flour, have entered the port. The
military force consists of 15 thousand regulars,
besides which a numerous body of militia and
volunteers, consisting in the whole of 25,000 men
in arms. Another sortie was expected to take
place. General LOPEZ Bows is going to be
tried by a Court-martial, for having abandoned
20 pieces of artillery, which fell into the hands of
the French, without being spiked.

Private letters from Paris describe the French
cavalry in Spain the most superb that France
ever had, bat the infantry are just the reverse,
and are
becoming heartily sick of the moun-
tainous warfare.

French scrip has been done this morning at
par to s Premium.

We yesterday gave, in u Second Edition, an
unqualified assurance that our Government had
no information which could induce them to be-
lieve that a resolution had actually been formed
to withdraw the French army to the northern side
of the Ebro. One of our contemporaries has gone
much further than we have, and has asserted that
the alleged intention to retrograde to the Ebro
" is without foundation !" Now, this positive
contradiction to the original story appears to us
to be as unworthy of credit as the statement
which it impugns, and to be infinitely more
absurd ; for it is impossible that an authentic
contradiction could he any where obtained, ex-
cept from the French Ministry or from the
Duke d'AtfoouLENE; and there is no knowu

mode of conveyance by which communica-
tions on the subject could have been in-
terchanged between London and Madrid, or be-
tween London and Paris, in the short space of
time intervening from Saturday night to Monday
forenoon ! There is, however, reason to think,
that our Contemporary founds his disbelief of the
intended retreat to the Ebro on these considera-
tions, as stated by himself :-Ist. That " Every
preparation is making by the French Ge'vern-
ment to prosecute the war with increased
vigour ;" and, 2dly, that " The fortresses in
Spain are becoming more closely invested, and
the moment that the necessary, artillery can be
brought up, the blockading forces will attempt
their reduction !"—But all this may be true ;
and yet the French Government may nevertheless
have resolved on withdrawing the invading army
to the Ebro; and it may all be be very true ;—and
yet the, Duke d'ANaouLEmE may soon be com-
pelled to retrograde to the Ebro, whether he will
or no !—For, Ist, The " prosecution,of the war
with increased
,vigour," on the part of the French,
must surely be necessary, if, as the very last ac-
counts have stated, the Cortes are as determined

as ever not to listen to overtures for an accom.
modation with the foreigners! It is not, how-

ever, necessarily the most 46 vigorous" way of
carrying on the war, for the French to spread
their troops all over Spain, where they are
in momentary danger of being cut to pieces;
and their concentration on the Ebro, therefore,
may be a requisite preliminary to the com-
mencement of vigorous and really effective
operations against the numerous fortresses and
other places of strength which the French
have had the imprudence to leave in their
rear. 2dly, When our contemporary says that
" the fortresses In Spain are becoming more
closely invested," wen pprehend that he only means
to say that it is intended to render the invest-
ment of some of them more close; for on the
very day when his assertion was made, it was
announced by the French Ultra Papers that it
had become necessary to relinquish the opera-
tions against Barcelona,—on that very day it
was ascertained that General Botinck had been
obliged to withdraw his troops from within can-
non shot of Corunna,---and on that very day it
was announced that the garrison of. Cadiz
had made a powerful sortie with 9000 men !-
3dly, It is true that it has been for some
time known that the French have been mak-
ing exertions to bring up their heavy ar-
tillery with the view of attempting the reduce
tion of some of the Spanish fortresses ; but it is
very well known that these efforts are directed
towards fortresses on the north side of the Ebro;
and therefore this part of the statement is in no
way contradictory of the alleged determination
to make a grand retreat to that river. In fact,
we do not know of any one fortress, south of the
Ebro, which is invested, except Corunna and,
Cadiz; and therefore, when it is considered that
the assailants have been repulsed and virtually
beaten at Corunna, and that the force before
Cadiz is acknowledged to be utterly insuffi-
cient for its reduction, the assertion that " the
fortresses in Spain are becoming more closely
invested evidently cannot refer to them!'
—All these circumstances, therefore, rather
strengthen the probability that a retreat to
the Ebro is either already intended, or
will soon become indispensable. The truth is,
that the French, in presumptuous reliance on
their own strength, on the fallacious premises of
the Royalists, and on the purchased defection of
some of the principal Constitutional Comman-
ders, have penetrated throughout Spain, in de-
fiance of all the dictates of military precaution.,
By leaving the strong fortresses in their rear un-
subdned, and by leaving Aims. to make an abso-
lute play-thing of the army of Marshal MoNcEY,
they have literally done nothing to convince the
Constitutionalists of their military superiority ;
but on the contrary have afforded them the most
abundant proofs that the national troops are
every way competent to contend with the enemy,
when their leaders are faithful to their oaths.-1
If they had advanced more cautiously, and more
surely,—if they had been satisfied with retaining
the position of the Ebro, until Pampeluna and
St. Sebastian had fallen,—if they had, in like
manners employed a sufficient force effectually to
clear Catalonia, Arragon, and Navarre,and to re-
duce these fortresses, their eventual success, even
although these operations had occupied them
a whole campaign, would have been more certain,
and indeed almost secure. After the fame of
I these exploits, and after the solid increase of
power and security which would have been their
results, enabling them to advance and to ex-
tend their operations with their whole force,
then, indeed, the defection of Monter.o' would
most likely have placed Gallicia in their
hands without a blow ;—and then, indeed,!

the treason of ABISBAL might have been fatal
to the Spanish cause ! To retire to the
Ebro, and to try to accomplish these operations,
which should have been their first care, would
even yet, perhaps, be the best and wisest thing
the French could do,—if it be now in their power
to retire to the Ebro with safety!--But to remain
in their present situation, or to attempt a re-
treat, seem to be nearly equally dangerous!—
In the latter case, they must pass through a
country, every field of which would teem with
armed men thirsting for their blood, and scatter-
ing vengeance and death amongst them at every
step,--in their front, on their flanks, and in their
rear ; and they must lay their account with excit-
ing a ferment in France itself, (for the sake
of whose tranquillity we have been told that
this unholy war was undertaken), which may pa-
ralyze the vigour of France at a moment when
her utmost energies would be necessary for her
own safety ! We have always suspected that
the design of the illustrious MINA, in hovering
over the French frontier, was to make a dash
into France, with the tricolor standard, in the
event of any important blow being struck at the'
French army in the 'interior of Spain. The
treason or some of his Military Colleagues has
hitherto disappointed the hopes and frustrated
the grand design of that patriotic Chieftain.—
According to yesterday's accounts, however, he
is again in the rear of Marshal MONCEY
with nine thousand men, and is again threa-
tening the frontier by his mysterious move-
ments ! Any serious disaster to the French
at Madrid or in Andalusia, or their flight
from
those dangerous positions in which they are now
placed, might, and, as we strongly suspect,
would, be followed by a movement on the Pot
of MINA, which might soon render it necessary
for the whole of the French army to return into
France!

If our observations on the preceding. subject
are disagreeable to the friends of the French Go-
vernment, they must thank their own favourite
and favoured newspaper for having given rise to
so very delicate a discussion, by its extraordinary
statement of last Saturday. The prayer for
defence against our friends was never breathed
with more propriety than it may now be
put up by the French Government. If
they had had the good luck to prohibit the
Courier instead of the Sun, and if they could
have rendered their prohibition efOcacious, they
would have prevented the appearance of an Eng-
lish paper in France, which, although- sufficiently
zealous in the service of despotism and' the in-
quisition, has been guilty of the unaccountable
folly of prematurely announcing the utter dis-
comfiture of its patrons, and of sending forth an
article, with all the solemnity of a French
demi-official annunciation, than which nothing
almost could be better calculated to excite
insurrection in France itself!—The writer of
the present article was the very first, in this
country, that endeavoured to rally the spirits of
the friends to the repose of Europe, in the
moment of universal dismay occasioned by the
appalling return of BUONAPARTE from Elba to
Paris, and was the first,—while all other pub-
lic journalists, amazed and confounded •by
the suddenness and by the successful rapidity
of the Usurper's march, looked on the prodigy
as an operation of Providence intended to baffle
the schemes of Cabinets, and to annihilate the
hopes of mankind,—wino endeavoured to prove,
and succeeded in proving, that NAPOLEON was
not indebted for his seeming triumh to the' sup-
port or to the favourable dispos pitions of the
French, ration, and who therefore predicted,
downfal from
thatand giddypred elevationictedtruly,taltios.hsii:eheldiey
had rebound d
from his first fall ! The same hand wrote the
e
recent articles in this paper which have proved
so offensive to the Ministers.,of the restored
French Bourbons! We were then inintictli to
unprin-
cipled iefopte,4tiod.tei:rde:Argedirsigii,tsdohritefteirtgsixa andßos 100 ti
eitm.alepeoi,}etails:rlt:yeeritesochaseitne princi('i~
rd
f
s of launlanit}, au'l
of civilized
The French Government, therefore, by' ender
souring
;t Tux Sun, has done what it "li
to excluehdioeieldnallyyr
addressingfriend,
it
iwhoseu tohnel y
wholesome
ou s
owrnaes
gott Itru'ilaaiestnedadoaly enemy,
done i ort
given every facility wtohitkh'eatintth:eodsuacmteiotniliolef'ait has
:or earselves, bmyorheisin
jianryyrittidiaenncael,l
iadversaries couldohfavaefirtilefitiledtesdti stillupon
rietwittisnaoanligtyieleatrr,dasoairruisyut;
which has drawn down upon
if the daily and rapid increase of our circulation be
the consequence of having pursued a line of con-
ductwe have only further to say, that
us the prohibi-
tion of France, we owe our hearty thanks to those
who have conferred upon us that mark of their

e

1

resentment : We can tell them, for their comfort,
that they have, by their ridiculous denunciation
against us, induced great numbers of additional
persons in this country to send off THE SUN to
their friends and connections abroad ; and we
doubt not that we shall feel the effects of an in-
creased demand from the Continent, particularly
from France and Spain, occasioned by the curio-
sity which the pitiful prohibition against us has
most probably excited in our favour !

New York Papers to the 27th June, arrived
this • morning, but contain nothing of importance.

•
A Pamphlet, entitled the " Provisional Consti-
tution of Greece," which has just been published,
contains, besides a copy of the Constitution, and
various Proclamations, &c. &c., " a General
View of the Origin and Progress of the Revolu-
tion," by " a Grecian Eye-witness." This his-
torical sketch we have read with great interest ;
and, although we cannot agree in the opinions of
the author with respect to the policy of all the
Christian Cabinets towards the Greek nation, yet
we think that enough is shewn to prove, that
none of, the European Powers, at the time when
the struggles of the Greeks for their indepen.
dence were the most arduous, treated that inte-
resting/deeply injured, and suffering and heroic
people, with the liberality to which they were en-
titled bY their religion, and by their other claims
to the'sympathy and commiseration of the civi-
lized world • It is consolatory to think that
England, at least, has not only relaxed the fri-
gidity and indifference with which the efforts of
the Greeks were too generally viewed, but has
even manifested a disposition to secure to them
the-treatment pi:escribed by the laws of nations
towards. a people de facto independent, and strug-
gling fOr the establishment of its national exist-
ence !!—lt appears from the. sketch, prefixed
to • the 44 Provisional Greek Constitution," that
the present promising aspect of the affairs of the
Greeks, and particularly the harmony and good
understanding amongst their leading characters,
are chiefly attributable to the indefatigable exer-
tions of MAVROCORDATO, whose services in this
respect almost entitle him to the appellation of
the saviour of his country.—The political world
will be surprised to learn, from the author of this
tract, that Russia had not, in fact, any share in
producing that formidable insurrection of the
'Greeks; which was so 'generally believed to have
been excited by her agents, and by the solemn
assurances of the Cabinet of St. Petersburgli, that
he insurrectionary war would be supported by
the co-operation of a Russian army. Our
Readers will recollect that we have on several
recent occasions stated that the English Cabinet
was perfectly satisfied of the pacific dispositions
of the Emperor ALEXANDER ; and that no fears
were entertained of a war of aggrandizement
being undertaken by Russia, during the life of
bis present Imperial Majesty.—The following
is an extract
INSURRECTION OF GREECE.
• Alexander Hypsilanti, eldest son of the Prince of that name,
having served in the Russian armies, was placed by the second
Of the associations which I have mentioned, at the head of the
ebterprize. He took the title of General in Chief, anti Com-
missioner of the General Government, and displayed a tricolour
banner, bearing for emblem a Phoenix rising out of its ashes.
Is order to draw the nation into an insurrection for which it
' *as so little prepared, deceived by his own emissaries, he found
himself obliged to practice the like deception on Greece, and I
he declared, by a proclamation dated from Yassy (in Moldavia),
Feb. 24, 1821, O. S. that a great power was prepared to sup.
port her. At the same time, he published a circular to the mem-
bers of the society; to exhort them to make patriotic contribu-
tions towards the expenses of war. The erroneous idea, which
these two documents spread, led Europe for several months to
suppose, that Russia was fomenting our insurrection in the hope
of advancing her frontiers towards the south. Hence arose
against us an unfavourable impression, which seemed to justify
the animosity of England and Austria. In fact it waectss di
of thefficult
tA suppose that Russia was ignorant of the proj
Idetretists, till the moment when they openly quitted her states,
or thetshe had not even promised to aid them eventually ; but
*tie probably thought the moment premature or inopportune
tor advancing her interests. Subsequently, the assembled So-
vereigns, deceived by a coincidence in the events, considered our
attempt as a " sequel to the criminal machinations, which have
troubled the west of Europe." This accusation has been al-
ready refuted by the satement of our political situation. It dif-
fered too widely from that of nations subject to a Christian
Government, for us to be placed, without manifest injustice,
upon the same line, or for our conduct to be judged by the same
The event of the expedition in 'Wallachia is well known. It
was owing tp the inexperience of the Chief, the incapacity or
treachery of those who surrounded him, the insubordination of
and tai cabal on
f
his troops, which indisposed the inhabitants, ad
is
the Austrian agents, especially Mr. Oudrki. Greece i
this onfortunate expedition saw her immortal Chief Georgaki
perish, the victim of patriotism; she saw him bury himself
with his companions under the blazing ruins of a convent, which
he defended till it was deluged with the blood of his enemies ;
Greece then lost, too, that noble body of youths, the Sacred
Battalion, which was offered up as a holocaust to their country's
honour, at the battle of Dragachan.
flypsilanti, instead of gloriously falling at the head of these
heroes, preferred taking refuge in the Austrian
dated terrimtory. There
e
he secretly circulated an order of the day, Rinik, t
Bth of June, in which he imputes to the soldiers and to their
commanders the fatal consequences of his own faults. Greece
owes him many bitter reproaches. Austria confined him in
the prison of Mongatz.
Te insurrection in Wallachia served as a pretext to the
barbarians to practise upon the innocent the most horrible
ctuujties. But at the same time it. created a diversion extreme-
ly ssrviceable to the first operations of the Greeks in Mama
and,Epirus ; for these operations, which were only intended to
feel the way, might at the time have been easily suffocated by
the Turkish troops which were sent hastily beyond the Danube,
by ;mans of a rational policy, if the Turks had been capable
of it.
Meanwhile, about the end of March, the standard of the
Crtise was raised at Calavryta, a town in Achaia. The insur-
rection soon spread, and the Alainotes crossed their mountains
under the guidance of their noble chief Petro Alavromichali.
Araireas Metaxas, of Cephalonia, left his family, squandered
his property, and ventured, with a chosen band of valiant
lonlims, to attack Lala, a strong position, defended by the
most warlike Turks of the Morea, and though severely wound.
tat, after prodigies of valour, he forced them to retire on Patras.
Ths Archbishop of that city encouraged the combatants by his
example; and by his pastoral exhortadons. The brave chiefs,
Colocotroni, Nicetas,. latraco, &c. conduct them to victory.
The Turks are driven from the whole open country, and con-
tined In their fortresses. A junta of notables assembles at Ca-
'mate in Messenia, presided by the Director of Main ap-
pointed Commander-in-Chief of the Morea. They implore, h
art address dated the 26th of March, the European Courts to aid
the people of Greece.
At esara, Spezzia, and Hydra, the Apostoli, the Nei, the
iictassi, anti the Coundourioti, the Toumbasi, the Bout ouri,
the Tzsmado, and their friends, fitted out for eruiziug, and
commanded in person their merchant vessels.
The Greeks of Candle, and at their bead the warriors of
Sphakia„ engaged the Turks in various and deadly combats.
Lower Epirus, profiting by the revolt of Ali Pasha,
VfiLe4ho-
to
arum under the conduct of the chiefs Zonka, Caraisco,
poulo, 111acri, &c., and treads closely in the steps of the
Still lima.
• The eastern portion of the Greek Continent pours forth its
warriors, and their first blow is a splendid victory ,gained by

their brave General, Goura, at Fontalio, in Phocis, over three
Pashas, on the 23d and 24th of August. Afterwards, the
chieftains Mitzo, Contojanni, Panouria, Scaltzodimo, and
above all Odysseus, add new exploits of their own to these
early successes. •
The strong-holds of Monernvasia and Navarino fall shortly
after into our hands ; and Tripolitza is closely surrounded.
While Heaven was thus favouring our efforts, Demetrius,
Hypsilanti was crossing the Austrian states in the disguise of
a servant ; he embarked, at Trieste, arrived at Hydra, and
crossed over into the ilorea. There he assumed the title of
Highness, of generalissimo, and lieutenant of his brother, and
displayed the same colours and emblems. The persons who
surrounded him hastened to spread a report that he was com-
missioned by a great power to assume the direction of affairs in
Greece, and that his brother Alexander was rapidly advancing
upon Adrianople. The people believed these declarations,
took courage, and showed an enthusiastic deference for this
new chieftain, whom they hailed every where as a deliverer.
If Demetrius Hypsilanti had been born for great things, he
might from that moment have mastered Greece and his own
fortune; but although gifted with firmness, when in a camp
lie displayed little capacity. His suite, composed of vain and
ambitious persons, perhaps diminished his means, while thee
heightened his self-conceit. He indisposed the Nobles, ana
the Senate, which .he had formed, by arrogating a ridiculous
pre-eminence. He paralyzed, instead of strengthening, its ac-
tion, and was destitute of those dazzling qualities, and those
mental resources which might have permanently bound to him
the military chiefs and the people. Accordingly the illusion
which was spread around him at first, began speedily to fade
away, and the non-appearanee of the fiweign succours, which
he had promised, still farther increased his discredit. Thus
the military operations were not in fact subject to any central
direction. Each chieftain adopted his own manoeuvres at
pleasure, and the only principle which gave a sort of unity to
their individual efforts, was a sympathetic eagerness to harass
the Turks.

It was, however, under this state of anarchy, that Tripo.
litza, the capital of the Morea, already distressed by famine,
and summoned several times to surrender, was taken by assault.
Considerable riches became the booty of the numerous assail.
ants. The Albanian garrison having capitulated, were
sent to. their ••own country. The families of the Supreme
Governor, and of the Turkish lords, were made prisoners; -all
the rest *ere slaughtered, or carried into the provinces.
Far. from approving of such excesses, I most deeply lament
them. Would I could blot them out from our history ! Others
have condemned them before me, but they have done it with
more bitterness than WAS ever poured over the most cruel extra.
vagancies of civilized nations. Have our detractors forgotten
that, during four centuries, the Greek nation has been growing
worse and worse beneath the yoke of oppression ? Is it wonder.
ful that die most dreadful tyranny should have stung the suf-
ferers to exasperation. and almost to madness ? Our soldiers
only used the right of reprisal, and in that intoxication of victory
which followed the assault of Tripolitza no human power could
have restrained them. Each soldier had to assuage personal
hatred—to revenge domestic injuries. The Turks had been just
glutting their vengeance upon thousands of unarmed Greeks.
The chief of their religion, a patriarch almost eighty years old,
and the aged members of his synod, had been torn from their
sacred chairs, hi the very midst of the Easter solemnities, and
ignominiously executed, and their bodies had been dragged
about by Jews. The chief families in the provinces had been
decimated ; Cydonia, a flourishing city in Asia Minor, had
been sacked, and its temples overthrown, or profaned. The
Lieutenant of the Governor of the Morea, occupied with Ali
Pasha, had forced a passage from Epirus to Tripolitza, and
marked his road by carnage arid conflagration. The Greek
hostages at Tripolitza had been put to death. Lastly, the gar-
rison of hloneinvasia, which had been transported to Asia .Mi.
nor, had, in open violation of the convention, resumed their
arms, and were then practising upon our countrymen the most
horrible cruelties. Such is the evidence which the accused have
to offer ; let impartial judges decide.
On the 27th of May, our sailors commenced their operations
by burning a Turkish ship of the line, before the island of
Mytilene; they then rescued as many as they could of the Greek
familes who had fled from Asia Minor, of whom several wo.
men were seized with the pangs of childbirth on board,
and they established these unhappy beings in different
islands of the Archipelago ". Our squadrons prevented
by various means the debarkation of Turkish troops in the
islands, and made head against the numerous fleets of the
enemy. On the 50th of September, a Turkish brig of war was
sunk by our broadsides before Zante. Afterwards, five Gre-
cian vessels, separated by a calm from the rest of the squadron,
sustained with intrepidity the fire of all the enemy's fleet, which
was forced to retire after five hours of fruitless combat. All
these expeditions were under the cornniand of Jacoumaki Town.
basi, of Hydra.
Thus did our nation squander Its efforts against a powerful
enemy, cherishing the most flattering hopes of that European
assistance which both humanity and religion claimed in our
favour. But already several chieftains were recovering from
their tirst illusion about fuie.ign politics; uncertain concerning
the future, and considering their country's resoarees as inade-
quate to securing her freedom, they begun to reflect on the part
which they ought to adopt. Some talked of invoking the pa-
tronage of Russia ; others cast their eyes towards France ; there
were even persona who inclined towards those very English,
who, in concert with Turks, were at that moment encouraging
recantations among us, which struck a death-blow at our in.
Pant liberty.t In short the passions and rivalities of indivi.
duals were beginning materially to aggravate these gloomy
symptoms of dissolution.

Alexander Mavrocordato, ex-minister of the Prince of 'Wal-
lachia, emerged without a stain from the corruption and ef-
feminacy of despotism, throwing aside every personal consi-
deration, offered his whole fortune to his country, anddisembark-
ed on the coasts of ./Etolic„. The gentleness of his disposition,
and his extensive information, soon won him all hearts. lie
traversed Greece in the simple character of a mediator, endue.
ing every fatigue, and exposing himself to every danger. By
his patience and his mere moral authority, he calmed the dis.
cordant pretensions which had arisen on all sides, at the um-
'Dent when the yoke of oppression was broken, and which had
already materially prejud►ced the public good. In Greece, in
fact, some primates were but subordinate tyrants ; some
captains, but the agents of a different species of despotism.
These men, commanding under the Turks a sort of Christian
police or militia, when they conceived themselves aggrieved by
their governors, took refuge at all risks in the mountains,—
There, resuming almost the independence of nature, they prac-
tised knight-errantry, sometimes like Hercules, sometimes like
Procroustes, and always to the national detriment.:
It was in the union.and combination of these unsuitable ele-
ments, that the skill of Mevrocordato achieved a bloodless
triumph ; anti from him we derived the incalculable advantage
of being able to oppose to our enemies a greater concentration
of resistance and force. Ile availed himself with utility of
Theodore Negii—a man both active and intelligent, in organ.
izing the eastern part of the Grecian continent.§ And it was
under auspices like these that the deputies of the districts already
freed, and those of the principal islands, were convoked to-
wards the end of the year, in a national assembly at Epi-
daurus.

* The following is an extract from the letter which they ad-
dressed to the islanders upon this subject:—
" The inhabitants of Cydonia (Alvah) have still stronger
claims on our assistance, because they contributed to enlighten
our nation, by erecting their college, by the establishment of
learned professors, and by the hospitality which they displayed
towards the young students of Greece, who, initiated in the
sound doctrines of literature and of philosophy, scattered, each
in his respective country, the seeds of civilization, at d raised
our nation from that abyss of ignorance into which tyranny had
triumphantly plunged it."
t Without speaking of the Mahometen zeal of Messrs. Green
and Mayer, two English Consuls, I will just subjoin what Mr.
Berthold, the agent at Patras, wrote to the primates_of
longhi :—" Immediately restore Omer Aga (a Turk), or pre-
pare for the terrible visit of a British squadron ! Christians !
open your eyes ; your hopes are vain, your destruction is cer-
tain. Ali Pasha is in the hands of Chourschid Pasha, and
within ten days your blood will flow like a deluge. Pave com-
passion upon your families, for it is still time ! Come prostrate
yourselves, and implore the clemency of Youssouf Pasha."—
The municipality of Missolonghi answered, among other things,
" Tisat they were prepared to receive Choursclnd Pasha with
arms in their hands ; that they did not wish for an ensnaring cle-
mency ; and that an agent of England ought to have spared
himself the baseness of exhorting a desperate people, ignomini-
ously to return into servitude." The Turk was released, upon
a friendly letter from M. Pouqueville.
Under an oppressive and a barbarous rule, such was the
resource of offended courage. When liberty and justice become
favours or privileges, lie who cannot obtain them by intrigue,
enforces his claim with his arms in his hands. But good often
flows from a fountain of evil. It is through these intrepid
Kleptes that the use of arms has been preserved among us. It
is well known that their exploits against those who attempted
their subjugation were the object of general admiration and the
theme of our war-songs, so remarkable for the poetry and the
generous feelings they breathe.
§ The Gerousia, or Provincial Senate of this part of Greece,
has received the name of Areopagus.

We have reason to believe that the translator
of this important Pamphlet is CHARLES BRINSLEY
SHERIDAN EN.) the son of our late celebrated
Orator, Statesman and Poet ; and who himself
obviously manifests his descent from so distin.
guished an origin.