The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-02 00:00:00

-. 43 7,198 457
-. 179 6,559 625

Total outwards ... 222 13,757

1,082

" Timber, flax, wool, provisions, oil, grain, copper,
&e., are the chief exports, and amounted in value last
year to about 56,0001. Coal quite equal to that ob-
tained at Newcastle (New South Wales) abounds at the
Nelson settlement, and has been burned on board her
Majesty's steamers. The European population is about
14,000, and the natives, a bold, hardy race, capable of
being trained to useful industry, and a totally different
race from the Australians, who melt like snow before a
summer sun, are estimated by Mr. Halswell at not more
than 107,000.

" Governor Grey has ably brought the war to a close,
and it is to be hoped every aid will be given to the New
Zealand Company to carry out colonization on a large
scale with. those fine islands in the Southern Pacific,
which are very near our antipodes. A Scotch colony is
being now planted in Otago, in connexion with the
Church of Scotland. This settlement, which comprises
400,000 acres, is situated on the middle island, and
where there are not more than 1,000 natives. This
system of colonizing, by providing religious instruction
on the outset, is a revival of the ancient system of colo-
nizing ; and Captain Cargill, the leader of the colonists,
will, it is to be hoped, have his noble efforts crowned
with success.

" Sir Robert Peel rightly said—' When I look to the
extent of New Zealand, the line of the coast, the quan-
tity of land, but, above all, its position, I think it
is destined to occupy a most important station in the
world. Its relation with this dountry is most important.'
• " The passage from New Zealand to Sydney is about
a week; by means of the India and Australia Steam
Company,' Auckland, the seat of Government, would
have a regular post from London in less than 70 days.
Such a measure would rapidly raise the value of all
property in
.the colony, and give a greatly enhanced
importance to the lands of the New Zealand Company."

HEALTH AND MORTALITY RE-

TURNS FOR THE LAST QUARTER.
The Registrar-General's report on the health and
mortality in 117 districts of England for the quarter
ending, Sept.,3o, 1847, has just been published.
" The quarterly returns are obtained from 117
districts, sub-disided into 582 sub-districts. Thirty-
six districts are in the metropolis, and the remaining
81. comprise, with some agricultural districts, the

prineipa-1 towns and cities of England. The popu-

:ationwas 6,612,800 in 1841."

The deaths, registered in this quarter were 49,479 ;
a number less by one thousand nine hundred and
forty-eight than were registered in the corresponding
quarter of 1846; but 7,007 more than the corrected
average of the September quarters of 1838-46.
Upon the whole there is a slight improvement in the
health of the country.
The summer season of 1847 must, however, be
considered on the whole unhealthy, ina-much as the
deaths have exceeded the average proportion by
7,007, the actual number of deaths having been
49,479, whereas the average number deduced from
the average of 1838-46, had the mortality been
uniform, and had the numbers increased at the rate of
1-75 per cent. annually, would have been only
42,472. As compared with the corresponding
quarter of last year, however, there is a decrease, the

number of deaths during the quarter ending Septem-
ber 30, 1i146, having amounted to 51,427. It

,
appears from the tables of mortality here given of the
deaths in each quarter since 1838 that a small rise in
the mortality took place in the spring after the mild
winter of 184 G, that a sudden advance occurred in

summer—that the mortality reached the maximum

(56,105) in the winter of 1i347, and has since slowly
subsided.

In London, which includes the district of Lewisham,
and the sub-district of Hampstead, there has been no
sign of improvement; 10,957, 12,601, and 13,187
deaths were registered in the September quarters of
1845, 1846, and 1847. The deaths in the summer

quarters of the three years from small-pox were
76, 51, and 320; measles, 688, 78, and 521 ; scarla-
tina, 194, 208, and 316 ; diarrhoea, 449, 1,5-19, and
1,196 ; cholera, 26, 197, and 98 ; dysentery, 43, 75,
and 143 ; remittent fever, 8, 12, 23 ; typhus, 273,

403, and 895 ; erysipelas, 56, 92, and 126; the
zymotic class of diseases generally, 2,409, 3,234, and
4,061. The deaths from diseases of the respiratory
organs were nearly stationary; 1,558, 1,784, and
1,581 persons died of consumption ; 1,111, 977, and
1,071 persons died of inflammatory and other diseases
of the lungs. Two, three, and sixteen deaths were
directly ascribed to various kinds of privation in the
three last September quarters. The increase in the
deaths by external violence, which were 342, 403,
and 425, may have arisen from erysipelas and other
affections supervening on accidents in an unusual
proportion.
In the first nine weeks of the quarter the mean
temperature of the atmosphere, and of the waters of
the Thames, was above 60 deg. ; the mortality in
London from diarrhoea, dysentery, and cholera, rose
from 17 on the first to 188 on the seventh week of the
quarter, and gradually fell to 107 on the last week.
Typhus raged with unusual virulence. The weekly
deaths were never below 50, and in the third week of
September 111 persons died of this disease. The
weekly average was 30 for the same quarter of five
preceding years.
The epidemic of fever has been more fatal in Lan-
cashire than in London. In Manchester, Salford,
and Chorlton, 4,154 deaths were registered:from all
causes. Diarrhoea and fever were the prevalent dis-
eases. Typhus carries off men and women in the
prime of life. Diarrhoea destroys more children,
and becomes dangerous to adults in the form of
cholera.

Liverpool—created in haste by commerce ; by:men
too intent on immediate gain ; reared without any
very tender regard for flesh or blood; and flourishing
while her working population was rotting in cellars
—has been severely taught the lesson that a part of
the population, whether in cellars or on distant
shores, cannot suffer without involving the whole
community in calamity. In itself one of the un-
healthiest towns of the kingdom, Liverpool, has for a
year been the hospital and cemetery of Ireland. The
sdol
f:e69alG3t
89h4
4s, registered 72 ,0T 9
endingh se
2i
4n 6i n,
and
populationtn hd
Septembere fouro2 7L35i
Liverpool
suri quarters rt t
toe3hlr,
es(
)w6t oahB fs
7421 e:
844302,
09a5,rvi4at,
quarters
were
the last census. It is impossible to represent more
correctly than is done by the short notes of the re-
gistrars the piteous spectacle which this great town
presented ; with the floating lazarettos on the Mersey,
the workhouses crowded with destitute paupers, the
three large " sheds which will hold 300 persons,
nearly full of patients at the present time," and the
fever " getting ~more prevalent among the upper

classes."
The mortality remains high in Birmingham, Dud-
ley, Wolverhampton, Shrewsbury, in many of the
towns of Lancashire, in Leeds, Hull, York, and Sun-
derland. The returns from the other towns of the
kingdom present nothing unusual, the mortality
being much the same as in previous years. This re-
fers to the relative mortality. The absolute mortality
is always higher by from 10 to 50 per cent. in towns
than in open country districts. This is illustrated by
a comparison of the deaths registered in London
during the last 13 weeks, and of the deaths which
would have happened if the rate of mortality had
been the same as in Dorsetshire, one of the agricul-
tural counties, in which the wages are low, and in
which the condition of the labourer is far from what
it is desirable that it should be.
'l'ne total number of deaths registered in London
during the 13 weeks ending September 30, 1847, was
13,187 ; the number, had the mortality been at the
same rate as in Dorsetshire, would have been only
8,109, showing an excess of 5,078 deaths as against
London.
3,506 children under 15 years of age were de-
stroyed in London, in addition to 3,078 carried off by
causes which may be supposed to be the same a
those fatal in the country. The mortality is equal
at the age 15-35, when London receives healthy
re-
cruits from the various counties. After the
35 the mortality is 45 per cent. higher in Laogned oon
than in Dorsetshire. If the chance hat a man above
35 will die in th country during the summer quar-
ter be represented by 2, the chance that he will die
in London is nearly 3. It may be admitted that
part of the London population is poisoned by alcohol,
and that in their houses and persons they are dirtier
than the country people ; still the great excess of
mortality, and in part, perhaps, the intemperance and
impurity must be ascribed to the crowding, the want
of water, decaying animal and vegetable matters un-
iremoved, and the inefficiency of the sewers, which
neither carry off the solid, liquid, or gaseous matters
poured into or generated within them every day. If