The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-11 00:00:00

L,cl'-

LONDON :
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1841.

In makitag a few remarks yesterday on the
schism which prevails amongst the Liberals as to
the Extension of the Franchise, we wished to
bring the fact dearly before our friends, with a
view to their providing a remedy. We shall
never get over the schism by shutting our eyes
to its existence. If the Liberal party is to be
built up, some clearly-defined principles of ac-
tion, some common objects of pursuit, must be
azreed to. Compromises of opinion must take
place, and however cogent may be the argu-
ments by which the Editors of the aristocratic
Whig Journals can support the diminution of the
suffrage, they must keep them for their own
private circle, and not ruin their party by de-
nouncifig hi its name the object which i 5 dearest
to the heart of the unenfraaehiscd.

It will not do fbr these gentlemen to tell us
that they are full of a burning zeal for the sys-
tem of restriction, and that they cannot restrain
the impulses of their own genius. It will not do for
them to say that they must preach their gospel
of monopAy or die. Oa other subjects they can
close their hands firmly enough, and will not,
unless it suits the purpose of the party, allow
the smallest portion of the truths they have
locked on to escape. They must exercise the
same restraint as to the SufFrage; and how-
ever ardent Ipcal and other rivalries may have
made them in disseminating their Opinions, they
,rust, as organs of the Whigs, cease to advocate
a 'nova limited constituency.
We agree with the 117-072-Conformist, " that
principles will henceforth engage the public
mind." cc Government by party," it says, "is
ast edming to an end." Names and individuals
f
will no longer engross the public attention, but
systems. What is one unit, though it be called
WELLINGTON or PEEL, to the 130,000,000 of
similar units who now dwell within the wide
limits of our empire ? What can there-possibly
be in the thoughts of that one man, engaged in
his own narrow and selfish pursuits, and ignorant
of the diversified pursuits of the great multitude,
that he should be a rule for ail others, and that
they should wait his guidance arid his bidding?
The command, or the wish of Lord J. RUSSELL,
no more than the command or the wish of Sir R.
PEEL, can henceforth be the law of his party.
One advantage of the new position of the Libe-
rals is, that they cannot now be hushed into
qui taess by the whisper, " You endanger
the Government." Principles alone can hence-
forth be the basis on which the Liberal party is
to be fbunded, and they must be clear, defined,
and homogeneous.

Two systems now appeal to mankind for pre-
ference. ney stand thee to face, and plead for
the honour of mouldiag an 1 governing society.
Oa the one hand is the supreinacy of one or a few ;
on the other, the equality of all, save and
except the differences amongE.l iniividuals not
inferiority, Nv:i;cll are to be found
a:nongst all the children of men: No two are
alike. Oa the one hand is distrust, generated
by fear; Oil the other, mutual confidence, grow-
ing from mutual service. On the one hand,
terror alone is relied on to keep slaves obedient;
on the other, obedience, or rather concord, is
dictated by manifold personal advantages. On
the one hand there is nothing but restrictions
imposed by the few on the many, but equally
noxious to all; restrictions on locomotion, re-
and selling, restrictions on
strictions on buying
speaking, writing, and printing, all of which are
amazingly costly to society to maintain, employing

,4
its brightest talents, and wasting its most prolific
resources. On the other hand there is nothing
but freedom, the reason and moral power of the
many, without the exertion of physical force
keeping the units subservient to the general
system, and adding by mutual co-operation to
the powers of all. In it there is no sacrifice of
rights, but an augmentation of privileges. The
one system is founded on a debasing theory,
both of man and his CREATOR, supposing that the
former is the single cast away of all creation,
and
.that the latter gave man and society no
rules for guidance, till a METTERNICH, a
GUIZOT, or a PEEL stepped forward to save the
cast away of creation from universal wreck.
The other system supposes that man, like all
other animals, is adapted to the world in which
he is placed, and that his CREATOR has esta-
blished rules for the guidance of the individual
and society, which it is a high duty, and ought
to be a great pleasure to study, learn, and obey.
These two systems, as adverse from one another
as darkness from light, now appeal to the reason
of mankind and bid them choose.

Nor is the world without a perfect example
of each, in the same society, to guide its choice.
The free, or natural system, is exemplified by
the manner in which society is fed and clothed.
The thousand different classes of productive la-
bourers, all mutually supplying each other's
wants, without one knowing that the other is
in existence. The. Manchester weaver, who
clothes the Kentish hop-grower, while the latter
supplies the former with the material of his
beer—if, in his present destitution, he can get
beer—are not acquainted with each other. and
yet they do most delightfully contribute
to supply each other's need. But this
system is not confined to any one political
society ; it pervades the whole family of man-
kind; and the cotton-grower of Kentucky and
the Sheeld cutler help to clothe and feed each
other, like the Kentish hop-grower and the
Manchester-weaver. The system of mutual and
reciprocal service, ensuring mutual and reci-
procal obedience, which grows from division of
labour, is an example of the natural system of
society.

In a Church which, maintained by force
and extortion, violates all the principles it pre-
tends to teach, and is a perpetual source of con-
tentions and quarrels—in a rampant aristocracy,
full of arrogance and pride, committing the most
heinous offences, by legislation, against morality,
in order to sustain their power; acting in the
very teeth of the principles on which they assert
Government is founded, in the separation of class
from class—manufacturers hating landowners,
and landowners trying to starve out manufac-
turers in the unnecessary restraints which the
Legislature is perpetually renewing, though they
rarely or never answer • the end proposed—we
have an example of that system of distrust and
terror which still woos the obedience of mankind.

Such being, in rude outline, the true system,
and the Tories being the avowed upholders and
defenders of the system of distrust and terror, the
Whigs, if they mean really to be in opposition,
must embrace the other system. They must
adopt, in spirit and in truth, that principle they
have so long toasted, " the sovereignty of the
people ;" they must trust the multitude; they
must confide in human nature; they must recog-
nise a regulating power in society independently
of the Legislature ; and they must set out on the
plan of gradually substituting, as circumstances
will allow, the system of nature and of freedom
for the system of Toryism and of slavery. That
should be the ultimate aim of the Liberal party,
and the means by which they should attempt
to reach it are what should now engage their
attention.

Amongst them, and one of the foremost, if not
the very foremost, as strictly coincident with the
main article of the Liberal creed—confidence in
man—confidence in the multitude—stands the ex-
tension of the suffrage. The present moment may
not be propitious to stir up agitation in order to
obtain that, but it must at once be recognized as
an essential principle in order to produce any
effectual co-operation. If the abolition of mo-
nopoly in trade be, as we assert, one of its prin-
ciples, and that one which necessity now recom-
mends and enforces, the abolition of a monopoly of
law-making must be another. The unenfranchised
are now excluded from the Constitution. They
are serfs in their native land. They can take no
part in public proceedings which has not for its
object to obtain their own liberty, which is, and
ought to be, a passion for them ; and the Liberal
party cannot hope for their support unless it
adopt an extension of the suffrage as a chief
article of its political creed, if not the chief and
immediate object of its greatest exertions. The
dispute is really between the aristocracy and the
democracy, and if the Whigs will not go with
the domocracy, they can no longer be the leaders
of any part of the nation.

In the speech which Mr. THOMP3ON made on
Thursday evening, at the formation of the Young
Mens' Anti-Bread Tax Society, the following
passage occurs :

" Out of more than 200 letters sent me in conseqnence
of my connection with a great meeting held elsewhere—
a meeting of the ministers of religion of all denomina-
tions, who have unanimously pledged themselves to co-
operate with you—one of the last letters out of the 200
was from a clergyman in Lancashire, who informed me
that just before he had penned the letter he had visited
thc hovel of a wretched family—that he saw there
stretched upon the ground three human beings—a grand-
mother dead, whom they could not bury for want of the
means • her daughter, who had been three days confined,
but without nourishment ; and the infant to whom she
had given birth starving by her side. Had not he stepped
in the way they would all have perished from want.
He told me that from his own observation he could attest
the fact that that portion of our species that we would
wish to hold most holy, most chaste, and most spotless,
were fast abandoning themselves to the ways of vice, and
giving themselves up as the victims of profligacy for a
morsel of bread."—(Sensation.)
We earnestly wish that we could command
the attention of the law-makers to these few
words. They describe people dying of hunger,
and women prostituting themselves for bread.
Supposing that idleness, dissoluteness, and even
depravity, may have led to this con-
summation of misery, by what right do
the Dukes of BUCKINGHAM and RICHMOND, by
stopping the supply of food, aggravate these
regretted characteristics of human nature, and
sink the weak and the wicked into deeper want
and deeper woe ? Right!—they have no right.
They have the power, because the unthinking
people, who, by obeying the starvation laws, are
almost as wicked as the law makers, bestow it
on them ; but their whole conduct, so far as the
Corn-law is concerned, is a violation of
all right. At length, however, that is now
generally described as immoral and irreligious.
The Corn-law is taken up as a religious and mo-
ral question; and the discussions on it are intro-
ducing new and more healthy principles nto
legislation.

We are afraid that counterparts to Mr. Tnomp-
soN's pictures must have been presented to all
those who come into contact with the lower classes.
The unhappy circumstance of women prosti-
tuting themselves for bread is probably of fre-
quent occurrence. The streets of London at
night, which we are compelled to traverse,
abound with outcasts and objects piteously de-
manding charity. But what can the great
Dukes, who never thread the streets on foot
at night, and perhaps are never out of
their own domains, or their own carriages,
or their splendid drawing-room—what can they
know of the poor multitude whom they reck-
lessly doom to short allowance of food—that
great calamity of a shipwrecked crew—or to
absolute starvation ? They make laws for the
multitude, bat they know as little of them as of
the Siberians. Shame! triple shame ! on the
heartless sybarites, who, to 101 l a little more
at their ease, inflict on women the dreadful cala-
mity of prostitution to get bread to eat.

visip
We have received the whole of the French
Journals of Thursday. The Journal des Debuts
has a long article on the projected commercial
treaty between Belgium and France, the real
gist of which is, that if a market of 35 millions of

consumers be opened to Belgium she will 1):2
required to secure a market for French produce
free front foreign competition—or, in other words,
that England must be shut out from all compe-
tition with France in the Belgian market. Bel-
gium produces iron, coal, linen, woollen, wool,
horses, beeves, and skins; France—wines, brandy,
silk, hosiery, clocks, watches, and all articles of
household ornament. Now, France !produces iron,
coal, and linen, as well as Belgium, though at a
greater expense, so that at the very onset there
is a rivalry of interests. In the new Treaty
Belgium will be the chief gainer, for as she
produces cheaply and in abundance many articles
of prime consumption in France, and can, there-
fore, easily undersell the French producer in
his own market ; so on the other hand,
with the exception of wines and articles Of
bfjouterie, in little demand among a people
so inartificial as t 'ae Belgians, she pro-
duces newly every thing necessary for her
own consumption. But as Belgium was the
high road through which English manufactures
found their way into France, the French Go-
vernment, finding that the frontier could not be
protected, made overtures to King LEOPOLD to
conclude the Treaty which is now pending.
Whether Belgium will venture upon the course
which France suggests with respect to England
we are not prepared to say. That our
Government will tamely suffer Belgium to bene-
fit France at our expense, without remonstrating
against such unjust partiality, we are not in-
clined to believe. Were Lord PALMERSTON at
the head of our foreign policy, we should be sure
of proper protection being extended to the inter-
ests of British commerce. The offer made to Bel-
gium by France is very tempting. It amounts to
this :—" Assist us in excluding England from a
competition with our manufacturers, and you
shall share the market with them. All that we
now want from England which you can supply
shall be purchased entirely from you." Belgium
left to herself will hardly resist such a bribe.
It is for the British Government to take care
betimes that the interest of English traders are
not wantonly sacrificed.

A Toulon letter states, that the Diligente cor-
vette had been ordered to sail for Candia with
dispatches from the French Government to the
Consul there. The Semaphore, of Marseilles,
states, that, on the 12th ult., as the the Tartan
Vigneron, from Tunis, arrived off Cape Bi-
zerte, she was hailed by fifteen armed men
in a large boat, one of whom came on board,
and descending with the Captain to the ca-
bin, took away gold to the amount of
19,000 francs. The pirates then allowed the
vessel to proceed. Now, considering that be-
sides the crew there were seventeen passengers
on board, we cannot applaud the heroism of
Captain MOURRUT who offered no resistance to
the pirates. It was supposed that the Trident
which had gone to meet the Triton and Marengo
on their way from Algiers, with instructions for
them to proceed to Mahon, would be on the
look-out for the pirates.
Notwithstanding the official contradiction
there is in Paris a renewal of the rumour that
a French vessel was detained for a fortnight by
the Spanish authorities at Mahon, and that
the French Government is now demanding ex-
planations in a tone of strong resentment.
Some French ships of war are said to have sailed
for that port.

Rumours of disaffection in the French army
have been for some time been prevalent. It now
appears that the removal of the 66th regiment of
the line from Paris was in consequence of a dis-
covery of a revolutionary plot, in which several
of the officers were implicated. The Govern-
ment has had the good sense to make as little
stir about this affair as possible.
Pens, SEPT. 9.—The Muniteur of this morning has
no official part.

The Ministers of Foreign Affairs, of Commerce, and
Finance, and .NI. Lehon, Ambassador of the King of
the Belgians, have had conferences for some days past,
relative to the Treaty of Commerce with Belgium. The
Commissioners for that country are Count Menlemeare,
lately Minister, and Messrs. Liedts and Deschamps, both
Members of the Chamber of Representatives. The
Commissioners on the part of Finance are Messrs. de
Maisonneuve, Director of the Foreign Commerce, and
Greterin, Director of the Customs. The negotiations
will be carried on rapidly.. The question appears to be
now clearly defined. If we may believe public report,
.the suppression of the line of Custom-houses between
the two countries is abandoned, or at least definitly ad-
journed, and the only thing to be determined is the
mutual concessions to be made in respect to the impost
duties imposed on the most important productions of
the two countries.—Journal des I)ebats.

"M. Dulcat, advocate at Perpignan, has been con-
demned to-day (the 4th), to a fine and costs Ibr having
closed the doors of his house against the controller of
the indirect taxes who was making the census in concert
with the municipal authority.—(Journal des Pyrenees
Orientales.)—Le Constitutionul.
PARIS, SEPT. 9.—The Sud of Marseilles of the 6th,
says, " The families of General Bugeaud and of General
Bar, embarked on Saturday for Algeria, accompanied
by M. Egnard, Aide-de-Camp to General Bugeaud."
A letter from Mexico, of the Ist of July (in the Me-
morial Bordellis of the 7th instant), says that the Mexi-
can Government has contracted a loan for two millions
of piastres, and that the affair of Don Luca Alaman was
arranged.—Le Commerce, Sept. 9.
BOURSE—PARIS, THURSDAY, SEPT. 9.

first Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Pricy. Price
French 5 per Centt. ex. div. 114 65 ... fl 4 70 ... 1, 455 ... 114 70
4 per Cents 97 SO ... 97 80 ... 5.7 80 .. 9'7 80
3 per Cents... 77 45 ... :7 70 ... 77 45 ... 17 70
fllnk of France
tt.igian Bank
:,:punish Aci.ive t21,4 ... 2244 ... 214.4 ... 12
Passive 5 ... 5 ... 4% ... 4%
Sezn•olitan
ttinnan 103% ... 103% ...1(3% ...10.i%
HA)LWA N ,•kiANFb.
3t t;ettnzin
Versailles, (...It ... 195 ... i 97 50 ... 19.5 ... 196 25
ft. B • 307 50 ... 207 5 , ... 302 50 ... 31/2 50
Rouen 4;2 .0 ... 45! 50 ... 4 4 54 ... 45, 50
uricati. .
Strastntreto Bali ,shares red 238 75
__ 242 50 ... 2&.. '76 ... 242 50

Ali:44u eCr."--rDNUS.—VIENNA, SEPT: 1 --
---
t tve per Coats. Metalliques
Fakir per Cents. ..... „.................
Three p...r Cents.
Bank shares
—Allgemeine Zeitung. Sept. 5
HAMBU rtG BORSENH ALLE. SEPT. 1.
ills. Money
Austrian 5 per Cents.
Haas: shares l6OO 151i5
Anglo-Russian Low, JO-% loto4
Russian 5 per Cent. lit aeries, C,:rtilicate
Inscription, Ist Seii,s lO2 101%
Rus:iati 5 per Cent. Hope and Co. 3d and 4th
Series OB% OS
Ditto in Certificates
Ncw 4 per Cent. (1840) 86% FR
Dutch ,sctual Debt, 2}4 pe Cent LO% LO,
Ditto ', per Cent _
Polish Bonds
New picket
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Ceet 7a% 75%
N.,twegian Loan, 1834, 4 per Cu 11:........., 11:34 10.
Sp4nish. New 5 per Cents. .„. l6
EXCHANGES; 0!4 LONDON.
HAMBURG, SEPT. 7.-13 64.—Two months, 13 4%
STO1:3l101,M, AUG. 31.—Seventy.five days, 12 U.
14:tif.tts, SEPT, 4.—Three months, 6. 181 Monty.
LEWEIC, SEPT a—Two mo. ths, 6. LI.
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—Bsitus4 SEPT. 4.
Bills Money.
St. Schuld. Sch., 4,5. percent. l,i4li IC4 44
Prussian English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 102 1013
li.zotiange on Landon, three months 6 1834
—Prussian State Gazelle. Sept. 5

STATE OF TRADE AT NOT TINGHAM.—We
are sorry to say that there is no perceptible improve.
ment in the hosiery trade ; many of the senior houses
declining to make stock, employ their work-people only
upon orders. This may be sound, but it is a very dis-
tressing policy to the artisan : it is generally practised
upon the Continent, but has not been found by expe-
rience the way to
.prosperity. The warp blonde trade is
much in the same state it has been for some time past ;
the question of the wages is not yet settled. The warp
tatting trade is slowly improving, but the hands are suf-
fering great privations from inadequate wages. The
bobbin-net trade, such as fancy tattings, is yet very dull,
but plat nets are at fever height, particularly in Calais,
the French machine owners being extremely active in
seducing plat workmen from this vicinity. No less than
five went last week. Their wages are 3/. per week.
The agents state to the workmen that the English
patentee has no controul in France over the manufacture
of plat net, as the French manufacturers obtained their
patents for making the manufacture three days before
the English patentee obtained his French patent. How-
ever this may be, it is a great inducement, in conjunc-
tion with the high wages, for the workmen to emigrate.
—Nottingham Review.

I: seems that the Wiltshire Members have found
favour in the eyes of Sir Robert Peel, and that they arc
among the shining lights whom he delighteth to honor.
Of course Lord Ernest Bruce's and Mr. Baring's seats
are safe ; and we suppose the influence and gold of Mr.
Neeld will make all right at Chippenham ; but whether
the independent electors of South Wilts will suffer Mr.
Herbert to walk over the course without opposition re-
mains to be seen.— Wiltshire Independent.
A new mode of communication at sca, by a
trumpet called the Telephonic, or far-sounding system,
invented by M. Sudre, instead of the ordinary system of
signals, has recently been tried by the squadron of Ad-
miral Ilugon, and found to answer completely. The
sound may, it is said, be distinctly heard, in favourable
weather, at a distance of 2,200 toises—about two and a-
half English miles.

The approach to Plymouth by the beautiful
valley of the Exe, made such an impression on a legal
coach-top passenger, that he declared, if he were a judge,
he would issue on the river a writ Ne Exe-at Regno.
This would be a breakwater !—Literary Gazette.