The Sun.
London, England, 1841-03-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH 18, 1841

of several intermediate points of the river St. Croix on
its expanded lake surface, have been accurately ascer-
tained.

" Another officer was at the same time charged with
tracing a line of levels from the base of the same monu-
ment, along the due-north line, as marked by the Com-
missioner, by which it is intended that every undulation,
with the absolute heights above the plane of mean low
water at Calais, shall be shown along the whole extent
of that line.

" At Park's Hill, distant nearly twelve miles from
the monument, a second station for astronomical obser-
vations was established, and a camp suitable for that
purpose was formed. On the 26th of October, whilst oc-
cupied in completing the promulgation of the meridian
line to that point, and in establishing a camp there, the
party was visited by a snow-storm, which covered the
ground to a depth of four inches in the course of six
hours. This was succeeded by six days of dark stormy
weather, which entirely interrupted all progress, and
terminated by a ran with a change to a milder tem•
perature, ..7hich cleared away the snow. During this
untoward event the parties made themselves as comfort-
able as p acticable in their tents, and were occupied
in compe ing many of the astronomical and other ob-
servation previously made.
" On the 2d of November the weather became clear,
and the necessary astronomical observations were im-
mediotely commenced at Park's Hill. From this ele-
vated poat the first station could be distinctly seen by
means of small heliotropes during the day, and bright
lights erected upon it at night. Its direction, with that
of several intermediate stations due south of Park's
Hill, was verified by a new series of transit observations
upon high and low stars, both north and south of the
zenith. By the same means the line was prolonged to
the nortt,.

" In one week after commencing the observations at
Park's IEII the weather beca.ne again unfavourable ;
the sky was so constantly overcast as to preclude all
agronomical observations, and the atmosphere so thick
as to prevent a view to the north, which would not
permit new stations to be estal.l shed with suffic:ent
accuracy i❑ that direction. Unwilling to quit the
Geld while there was a prospect of the weather be-
coming sufficiently favourable for the party to reach
the latitude of Mars Hill, or even proceed beyond
it, it was determined that some of the party should
continue in the tents, and there -occupy themselves
with such calculations as ought to be made before
qui ting the field. The officers charged with the Inc of
levels and with the reconnoissance in advance for the
selection of new positions for stations, continued their
labours in their field, notwithstanding they were fre-
quently exposed to slight rain and snow storms, as
these portions of the work could go on without a
clear sky.

" On the 13th of November a severe snow storm oc-
curred, which in a single night and a portion of the fol-
lowing morning covered the surface of the whole coun-
try, and the roofs of the tents, to a depth of sixteen
inchee. The northern extremity of the avenue which
had been cleared by the surveyors of 1817 was
now reached, and in addition to the young growth
which had sprung up since that period upon the
previous part of the line, several miles had le en
cleared through the dense forest of heavy timber, in
order to proceed with the line of levels, which had
reached nearly the Meduxnakeag. The depth of snow
now on the ground rendered it impracticable to con-
tinue the levelling with the requisite accuracy any far-
ther ; and that part of the work was accordingly sus-
Ponder/ for the season. The thermometer had long
since assumed a range extending during the night, and
frequently luring a great portion of the day, to many
degrees below the freezi❑g point.
" The highlands bordering on the Aroostock, distant
40 miles to the north of the party, were distinctly seen
from an elevated position, whenever the ataiasphere
was clear ; and a long extent of intermediate country, of
inferior elevation to the position then occupied, pre-
sented itself to the view, with the two peaks of Ma's
Hi 1 rising abruptly abave the general surface which
surrounded their base. The eastern extremity of the
base of the easternmost peak was nearly two degrees of
an acre, or nine-tenths of a mile in space to the west of
the line as it passed the same latitude.
"To erect stations opposite to the base of Mars
Hill, and upon the heights of the Aroostock, in order
to obtain exact comparisons with the old line at these
points, were considered objects of so much importance,
as to determine the Commissioner to continue the ope
rations in the field to the latest practicable period, in
hopes of accomplishing these cads.
" On the 18th day of November the party succeeded
in erecting a station opposite Mars Hill, and very near
the meridian line. It was thus proved that the line
woul.l pass from nine-tenths of a mile to one mile east,of
the eastern extremity of the base of the north-eastern-
most peak of Mars Hill.
" On the 30th of November a series of signals was
commenced to ho interchanged at night between •the
position—of the transit instrument on Park's Hill, and
the highlands of the Aroostock. These were continued
at intervals, whenever the weather was sufficiently clear,
until, by successive approximations, a station was, on
the 9th of December, est iblished on the heights one
mile south of that river, and on the meridian line. Toe
point thus reached is more than 50 miles from the
monument at the source iof the Saint Croix, as ascer-
tained from the land surveys made under the authority
of tho S ate; of Maine and Massachusetts. The mea-
surements of the party could not be extended to this
last point, owing to the depth of the snow, which lay
upon the ground since the middle of November ; but
the distance derived from the land surveys n:ust be a
very near approximation to the truth. A permanent
station was erected at the position established on the
Aroostock heights, and a measurement made from it,
due west, to the experimental or exploring line of 1817,
by which the party found itself 2,400 feet to the east of
that line.

..----
" Between the Ist and 15th of December, the obser-
vations were carried on almost exclusively during the
night, and frequently with the thermometer from 0 to
10 and 12 degrees below that point by Fahrenheit's
scale. Although frequently exposed to this tempera-
ture in the performance of their duties in the open air
at night, and to within a few degrees of that tempera-
ture during the hours of sleep, with no other protection
than the tent and camp beds commonly used in the
army, the whole party, both officers and men, enjoyed
excellent health.
" During the day the tents in which the astronomi-
cal computations were carrie] on, were rendered quite
comfortable by means of small stoves; but at night the
fire would become extinguished, and the temperature
reduced to within a few degrees of that of the outward
air. Within the observatory tent the comfort of a fire
could not be indulged in, in consequence of the too
great liability to produce serious errors of observation
by the smeke passing the field of the telescope. The
astronomical observations were therefore always made
in the open air, or in a tent open to the heavens at top
during the hours of observation, and without a fi, e.
"Oa the 16th of December the tents were struck,
and this patty retired from the field for the season,
there being then more than two feet of snow on the
ground. To the unremitting zeal, amidst severe ex-
posures, and to the scientific sad practical attainments
of the oi:icers, both civil and military, who served
under the orders of the Commissioners on this duty, he
acknowiedgee himself in a great measure indebted for
the progress that he was enabled to make, notwithstand-
ing the many difficulties encounte,e3.
6' Observations were made, during portions of three
lunations of the transit of the moon's bright limb, and
of such tabulated stars as differed but little in right
ascension and declination from the moon, in order to
obtain additional data to those furnished by chrono-
metrical comparisons with the meridian of I3)ston, for
computing the longitude of this meridian line.
At the first sta'ion, 4,578 feet north of the monu-
ment, and also at the Park's Hill station, the dip of the
magnetic needle was ascertained by a series of observa-
tions ; in the one case upon two, and in the other upon
three separate needles. The horizontal declination was
also ascertained, at both these stations, by a full set of
observations upon six different needles.
The details of these, and of all the astronomical
observations alluded to, will be prepared as seen as
practical le for the use of the Commission. should
they he required. To his Excellency Major-General
Sir Jol Harvey, K.C.13., Lieut.-Governor of the
province, of New Brunswick, Major Graham ac-
know/ler' ed himself greatly.► indebted for having in the
most of .iging manner extended to him every facility
within his power for prosecuting the examinations.
From Mr. Connell, of Woodstock, a member of the
Colonial Parliament, and from Lieut.-Colonel M‘Laugh-
lin, the British land-agent, very kind attentions were
received. _ _

" Major Graham has also great pleasure in acknow-
ledging his obligations to General Eustis, Commandant
of the Elstern Department ; Colonel Pierce, command-
ing the garrison at Moulton, and to his officers; and
also to Major Ripley, of the Ordnance Department,
comarviding the arsenal at Augusta, for the prompt
and obl.ging manner in which they supplied many arti-
cles useful in the prosecution of the labours of his party.

The transit instrument with which the meridian line
was traced had been binned to the commission by the
Hon. \V. A. Doer, President of Caluml.iia College,
Nuw York, and the Commissioners feet bound to
return their acknowleeigments for the liberality with
which the use of this astronomical instrument was
granted, at a time when: it would have lean difficult,
and perhaps impossible, to have procured one as well
suited to the object.
" All of which is respectfully submitted.
" JAMES RENWICK
JAMES D. GRAI lAM Commissioners.
A. TALCOTT
" Hon. John Forsyth, Secretary of State."

(FURTHER EXTRACTS FROM: 'THE AMERICAN PAPERS.)
DESTRUCTION OF THE CAROLINE.
The following account oil ti.o destruction of the Caro..
line steamer at Navy Islam'., has been aldresso-.1 b 1 Mr. An-
gus M Lew], the brother of the get:amen now imprisoned
in the United States, to the New Yolk Journal of Com-
rncree :
" With the right or nliey) pi tisstroying the Caroline, I

have little or nothing to do. On this side of the line, the
right is questioned by few, and I have little doubt the time
is not far distant when it will also be acknowledged by
the thinking and impartial amongst your own citizens.
Be that as it may, public opinion on either side is evi-
dently not the proper tribunal for a decision of the ques-
tion ; but it is fr. m tho singular position in which my bro-
ther is placed in connection with this case his friends must
take a deep and painful interest, and this must be my ex-
cuse for thus intruding upon you; for although it were
folly in me to suppose I can to any extent influence men's
minds in the matter, yet I consider it my duty to give a
plain unvarnished statement in regard to my brother's al-
leged participation in the act fcr which be stands com-
mitted, as far as I am able, and to correct certain mis-
statements which will be hereafter alluded to.
"On the 29th December, 1837, my brother and my-
self, and thousands besides, were at Chippewa, for the
purpose and with the determination of defending our coun-
try against any attack from several hundreds of rebels and
pirate: assembled on Navy Island. In the course of that
day a small *team boat was seen plying biteeeu Schlosser
and the island, evidently busy in the cause of its occupants.
She was rightly conjectur©d to be the Caroline,' which
it was well known had been getting ready for the pur-
pose, for several days before, at Buffalo. Any patriotic
mind can easily conceive the feelings which the sight
of this boat and her occupants engendered in the minds of
our people, and deep and loud were the imprecations
against her; but not a word of the attempt at capture was
made public, and certain I am my brother was not one of
those to whom it was made known, or very probably he
might ha• e been one of the party. But in the evening,
from the want of accommodations at Chippewa, he rode
down to Stamford (a village four miTes from the former
place), where he staid at a friend's house till next morning.
I went to the quarters of some acquaintances, volun-
taers from this town, where I lay down for the night, but
was awoke about midnight by one of them, who said, We
must turn out—there is something going on.' We did so,
and proceeded to the mouth of the Chippewa, where a fire
was being lighted. Immediately we observed on the oppo-
sit I shore a vessel or, fire, partially at first, but soon in a
blaze, and moving down the river towards the Falls. It
was the Caroline. She had met her fate. What the full
consequences may be time must tell. I remember well,
while I watched her hurrying on to destruction, and felt
that her fate was just ; I likewise thought of the ill feel-
ing she was likely to occasion between the two nations,
considering the cause which the American border people
had espoused. She had barely passed on to complete
destruction, when her captors landed where I stood,
from several boats. Had my brother been there
I should have seen him ; but I confess "I did'
not look for him. I never thought of his being there,
and there he was not. He knew nothing of the burning of
'he Caroline till next morning; and if lam not mistaken
he knew it first from me. The rise of the rumour of his
being the e, I can only account for thus : he wan active
and sufficiently daring to assist in that which in either
of our navies would be only thought a common ' cutting-
s% affair,' and had been round the ialind that day in a
peat ,along with several who were really at the destroying
of the boat. Had he been there, I feel certain that no
fear of consequences would have made him deny it, but to
be siisamat'zed as a murderer on one side, and foolishly
lauded by some as a hero on the other, on account of a
transaction in which he had no share, can be anything but
pleasant.
" It ha, indeed, been asserted that he has boasted of
being at the burring of the boat. To those who know him
and the circumstancen I need spy nothing. To those who
do not, I say it is a gross falsehoed.
" He has been Harried, too, by many for laying himself
open to an arrest by entering the United Stater ; but
what had he in justice to fear ? He had In en vaguely
accused, niihout cause, of being guilty of what we con-
sider no clirac—aad oas this sufficieet to prevent a Bri-
tish subj Cl from entering the United States on his lawful
business It is true a " true bill" had been found by the
grand jury of Niagara county in the early part of 1838
against one Angus M‘Leed, but he VMS not that person,
and though arte,ted on this inclictmeet in August last,
was duly liberated after a short confinement ; but the per-
vering eeerries of all gcod subjects to tke British Crown,
the Patriot,' of the frontier, had not done with him, mid
on again visiting Buffalo, or rather on his return, he must
be again nrres,e I, and by an aacumulation of the most
gross perjury, and against the moat direct and respectable
eriderice in his favour, thrown into prison, where he must
n only abi'c tho uncertain effects of the law, but the
will of tl e mob.

" He his not deEerved such treatment from the hands of
any portion cf the American people. lie had no quarrel
with thAT);—svell end favourably known to many of them%
lihe-al and court,ous to all with whom ho had dealings,
could he have expected the Gcvernmcnt and teJple of a
great pa:ion would look coolly on, while his liberty, and
eve.' his life, was made the sport of a vile conspiracy ?
Yet such has been the case. But he makes no pitiful
complaint; he calls fur no undue sympathy ; his case is
simply that of an injmei British subjec'. He has claimed
the interfe: once and protection of his Government, which
hos been promptly afforded as far as possible; and come
wha,. may, he dreads not the issue. Still his situation is
a very unpleasant one, confined in a miserable gaol, suffer-
ing in heaith, and debarred from society ; and why ? Can
any et-lightened American answer without a blush for his
country ? The laws would allow him to brca he the air of
freedom in his own land of liberty and line, but the people
would not, and it seems they are the higher power. Should
he have a fair trial, and the character of the witre,scs on
b sides be tA;;:u into account, I have Ira fear fur his ac-
quittal, a•id I hope such will be the case; but ii aherwise,
what then?

" I am, Goutlumen, %Niel much respect,
t.; Your obedient humble serval t,
4' /MGT'S L E 0 D."

GENERAL BANK BILL. _,
(Fr,rn the Uhited States. Gazette.)
PHILADELPHIA, Nlirell 1.
Mr. Hinchman, from the Committee on Baßkf,, yest2r-
day reported a Geucral Bill for the Regulation of tho
Bauk9. Knowing the great interest which is fast on the
subject, we have taken pains to °Mr the following digest
of its provisions.
Sec. 1. Prov'des for the suspension of penalties under
the law of April 3, 1840, until the 15th of May, 1843,
prior peaal provisions not to Le revived, and c:aimants to
have their action at common hsv.
Sec. 2. Provi 'ea for the issue of one, two, and three
dollar notes, for five years, to an amount not exceeding
fif ecn per cent. of Cieir cap;tal stock actually paid in, and
tna Lalks not to issue any kind of notes to an amount of
more than 25 per cer:t. e‘er their eapit4l; prohibits the
issue of post notes having longer than 120 days to mature,
nor for a less sum than fivehundrcd dollars, nor amounting
to more than ten per cent, of the whole amount of bills of
every kind issued.

Sec. 3. The total amount of debts and liabilities, ex-
clusive cf deposits, shall not more than double the
capital stock actually paid in nor Phan the total amount
of debts and claims due or becoming due exceed the same
amount.

Sec. 4. Provides that the total amount of kvestments
arid advances, directly or indirectly, in stocks, bonds, or
other securities, including its own stocks ald loans (ex-
cepting only our State stocks), Unit States .stocks,
stocks of ti.L25l counties, boroughz, incorporated districts,
ilstituthms or companies, whether purchased bonu fide,
or Leld as collaterol, shalf not exceed one-tenth part of
the total amount of the debts and liabilitie3 as limited
by ilia 3d section. Nor shall any advance, loan, cr dis-
count, be made on any of the above stocks and securities,
except those of our State, or held collateral, exceeding
two-thirds of their p ,r value, or if below par, nct exceeding
two-thirds of the current market value, provided no_
,I3aok
shall be compelled to reduce the amount of such. loals or
inveatc.-,ent4 made prior to the passing of this Act, in a
greater ra io than per cent. for every ninety days, in
the total amount thereof.

Sec. 5. Provides that the total amount of lirbili ins of
Directors, individually and collectively, for loans, dis-
counts, or advances, made to them directly or indirectly,
oss Itficactl
tkl 1
endoote esxneoete exceed
aggregatextclh,eleae
loans
following
2;slimits. Where the capital
0,
whererfou dollars,the
capital no not
so,v,
v.,,rro ,21-5- -sixth
&Hats, and not above 500,000 dollars, one-eighth part of
the aggregate loans ; where the capit-.1 is over 500,000
dollars, and not over 1,000,000 dollars, not over one-'enth
of the agg:eg rte IJans ; where the capital is betweeri one
and two millions, net to exceed one-twelfth part ; between
two and three millions, not to exceed one-fifteenth part;
over three millions, not to exceed one-twentieth part;
provided that the liabilities now existing shall not be re-
dice..l in a greater ratio than 12} per cent, for every
nit., ty days.
See. 6. No cashier, teller, clerk, or any subordinato
officer, ,ha.t have any loan or discount, or keep a privat.t
or individual account with or in the Bank they are engt ged
by ; and any loans or discounts so made as heretofore; may,
it deemed expedient by the Directors, he teamed, at a
reduction of 121 per cent, for every ninety days.
Sec. 7. At general meetings or elections, each share of
stock not over 50, owned by the same person three mouths
previously, shall entitle the holder to one vote; all shares
lict,eon 50 and 100, one vote fcr every five shares; all
shares above 100, one vote for every :ten shares. No vote
by proxy, unless persons owning stock live more than fifty
miles from the location of the Bank, and the proxy to be 1
the t proxy ,f
made and acknowledged before an aldermen or justice of I
more than two
stockhollers, nor shall any Director or officer of a Bank
hold a proxy in the Bank he is connected with.
Sec. 8. No person shall serve as a Director unless lie
ecptoancl'e. within ten days 0
person to be thenexpreceding such meeting or
el
g stock in the Bank of Penn-
Led, bone fide in his own right, stock in the following pro-
porti n t--
3,000 dollars if the capital is not less than 3,000,000 dollars.
dc.
2,000 do. 2,000,000
do.
is,sillirlaedpienctivaly. But no person shall
1,000 do. 1,000,000
500 do. is less than 1,000,000
provided
3,1 more s t: h aann
i onenowt banki-iomoshrfeaolrtlhan three-
Bank, to the amount of 1,000
sdtl:o:iviaasn_ts.jaa:oerothirniantpstaTith:dieirabsdoatnn,
any to the amount
of 500 dollars, shall be eligible as a Director on the part of
Colombia Bridge Comp
serve as
Gaustao?
eirveecrtyormalowreaytshabne
fourths of the Directors shall be re-elected for the sue-
erodingeligible.
Sec. 9. If any person concerned in tits management
or employ of any bank shall wilfully and
year, except the President,
corruptly make
or cause to be made any false entry on the books, or a
false return to the State, on
fi 1,',1 rn
the condiVen thereof, or forge,
stet, r, cr be privy to any forgery or alteration, of any of the
iriautes of the Board of Directors, or any book or record
of the Bank, t) disguise or conceal its condition, or issue
false papers or ce fficates rclatiag to its affairs or its
ca?i:a! stock, which would increase its liabilities; or shall
embezzle, secrete, or take for hi; own aye or use of other
persons any bullion, money, ncto, bill, cheek, draft, cert,-
fiente. cbligation cr security, or any property or effects of
t' e Bank or of depositors, be shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanour, arid upon conviction before a Court of
competent jurisdiction shall he punished by imprisonment
in the State penitentiary for any term not exceee ing seven
}ears, and be fined not exceeding 2,000 dollars.
Seca ,a 10.—No tli6dend over 7 per cent.- per annum
shall be declaroi ; all surplus profits over 7 per cent. to be

equally divided, one-htlf for the use of the Commonwealth,
and the other half to Le set apart as a contingent fund, to
be ir.vested in State loans. If a bank close its business,
the contingent fund remaining, after redeeming all liabi-
lities, shall be divided, pro rata, among its stockholders.
Provided that the taxes now imposed upon dividends not
exceeding 7 per cent, per annum, by the Act of June 11,
1840, shall not be exempted.
Section 11.—It shall not be lawfal for non-specie paying
banks to declare a dividend exceeding 5 per cent. per an-
num, and be subjected to a tax of 8 percent. on the amount
thereof to the use of the Commonwealth.
Section 12.--Between the Ist and sth days of the
months of January, April, July, and October, the Banks
shall in every year make out a statement, verified by the
oath or affirmation of the President and Cashier, to be
transmitted to the Auditor General.
The Auditcr- General is to prepare quarterly abstracts
of these statements, to be published in one of the daily
papers pubiithed in Philadelphia, Harrisburg, and Pittsburg.
It shall be the duty of the President and Cashier to have
such abstract published once a week for three weeks, in a
paper where the bank is located.
Seat. 13. If the officers of the Bank refuse, for thirty
days, to furnish this abstract, or neglect to publish the
same, or any Director shall violate any of the provisions of
this Act, they shall individually, and severally, be liable
for the whole amount of the debts and liabilities of such
Bank, and be thereafter incapable of holding an office in
such or any other Bank ; and every such neglect or re-
fusal, or any violation of the provisions of this Act, shall be
deemed a forfeiture of charter, the Court of Common
Pleas if in session, or the President Judge thereof, to act
accor:ieg to the re;olutions of April 3, 1840.
Sect. 14. Repeals conflicting and prier Acts.