The Sun.
London, England, 1824-02-07 00:00:00

PROVINCIAL JOURNALS.

I( From the Liverpool Courier, Feb. 4.)
BRAZIL.—A few particulars respecting the
affairs of this country have transpired since our last, which, if
they do not assist much in forming an opinion as to the motives
of the Prince, throw some light upon the state of feeling in his
dominions. It seems sufficiently clear, that a great hostility to the
native Portuguese resident in the Brazils, and especially to the
European part of the Brazilian army exists among the natives. Nor
does this appear to have sprung from the prejudice of place and
country, but to be wholly political. It shows that strongfears exist,
lest the mother-country should attempt a reconquest ; and that
the Europeans arc considered .as enemies within, ready, at a
proper season, to favour the enemy without. Against this
party the Brazilian press was directed. They, in return, took
revenge upon the supposed writers. The Cortes foolishly took
up this quarrel, instead of leaving it to the laws ; the people
were strongly excited, principally,it would seem, against the Eu-
ropeans, and in favour of the Cortes,and this demonstration ap-
pears to have decided the Emperor to dissolve the Representa-
tives, and to assume the government wholly into his own hands.
Seditious and deinocratical designs are charged upon them in
the proclamations of the Emperor; and their voting their sitting
permanent, though in a moment of exasperation, gives' to the
assembly very much of the air of turbulence, and indicates that
it would not have required much effort among its principal
members to be persuaded to declare an open resistance to the
Sovereign. Still, however, the proof of it democratic intention
is a very slender one. This very measure might be one Of pas-
sion, rather than l
betterof deliberate
explanation,
design and abiding principle ;
or, what is a silit might be the result of a
t
belief that the Emperor was engaged in
designs to betray the
country to Portugal, rather than of any purpose to felter the
Executive in the exercise of its legitimate authority. If the
latter was the impression, the pretences set up in the proclama-
tion are unfounded, and the whole affair may be considered as
giving additional countenance to the opinion, that the Emperor
is true to Portugal, but treacherous to Brazil. From the pro-
clamation itself we may, indeed, gather, that rumpus of this
lindwerec
small
ommo
degree, spread, and commonly admitted, and
tended, in no egree, to agitate the public mind ; and they
have
refuted by the Emperor's openly
espousing the u
Europeans and the European part of
ee c
asatisfactorily
s e
of
the
the army. Whether the native Brazilians will succumb to this
faction is, however, a problem not yet solved. The country has
I reached another crisis. If the late measures be followed by
of the European interest, may
bsuccess, i
dt
ehree
d as Emperor,ho holding
nagt tthheehee
oaudntry for Portugal ; if not, we
see not how the Brazilians themselves can triumph without in-
volviin, the Emperor in the fate of the faction for which he has
declated himself. We regard his conduct as at best very ill ad-
vised, for he has placed the people between the alterations of
e consider it and have much reason
,
republicanism, and royalty and restoration
to
o independence
Portugal. andso they
seem
onsidtofor it. His wisest course would have been to have reduced the
power of the Europeans, and to have built his throne on Bra-
zilian felling and Brazilian interest.

THE MOROI:It OF MUS. DONATTY.—A Morn-
ing Paper of yesterday had a long statement,
from tnhich it would appear that disclosures had
lately been made of such a nature as to render it
probable that the murderers, even at this dis-
tance of time, would be brought to justice. This,
however, like many other stories upon the same
subject, has, upon investigation at Bow-street
Office, fallen to the ground, and the chance of
detecting the perpetrators of this atrocious deed
is as distant as ever. The only foundation for
the report was an old woman's story not worthy
of the slightest attention.

MAIDSTONE, FEB. s.—Our town was thrown
into a state of alarm and confusion last evening,
about six o'clock, by a large party of the lower
orders, accompanied by a great concourse of the
watermen who are employed in the vessels trad-
ing to and from the town, parading the streets
with fagots and torches, together with a large
effigy of a man named Pybus, who had by some
means or other incurred the hostility of the
poorer inhabitants during the time he filled the
office of overseer. These fellows having paraded
through the principal streets, proceeded to the Fai-
rfield with the intention of destroying their Guy
Faux; but they were frustrated by the appearance
of the Mayor, who, together with the whole posse-
somitatis, succeeded, after a violent though ineffec-
tual resistance on the part of the mob, in plunging
the said effigy of Mr. Py bus into the river:llNi way,
where, with half a dozen large stones tied round
its neck, it sunk to rise no more. A number of
the inhabitants, who were charged by the police
to aid and assist, received severe contusions on
various parts of their body ; and one man re-
ceived so severe a blow in the stomach, that he
was conveyed home in a state of insensibility.—
Six of the ringleaders were secured and sent
under an escort to the town prison. Every credit
is due to Mr. Tassall, the Mayor, for the promp-
titude and alacrity with which he acted to quell

the riot, as he left a bed of sickness to attend to
his magisterial duties.

SNUFF AND SECARS.

BAD EFFECTS OF TAKING SNUFF AND SMOKING
SEGARS.

Mr. EARLS, in a communication to the Medico-
Chirurgical Society, states, that he has met with
cases of irritable thickening of the upper lip, ap.
proaching the character of incipient cancer, which
were evidently occasioned by thc habitual use of
snuff. This experienced and observant surgeon
" once saw a corroding ulcer of the upper lip
with surrounding hardness, in an elderly gentle-
man." It having been declared to be of a can-
cerous nature, it created great alarm in the mind
of the patient. The total abandonment of the
practice of taking snuff, and the adoption of mild
applications and plugging up the nostrils, to pre-
vent the descent of any irritating discharge, soon
altered the character of the complaint, which ter-
minated favourably, without any operation. One
of Napoleon's physicians attributed the organic
disease of the stomach, which terminated his
life, to the anodyne effects of snuff, for, says
he, more than three parts of the snuff, snuffed
up the nostrils, pass into the stomach. In
cases of irritative ulcerations of the nostrils,
resembling cancer, the use of common snuff
(simple tobacco powder) has been recommended,
to keep down irritation, and in some instances
it has proved beneficial ; Mr. Earle however,
attributes the baneful effects of snuff to its ir-
ritating effects. Mr. Stanley has communicated
to Mr. Earle, a case of pliagedwnic ulcer of each
lip, resembling segars. The thickening and ul-
ceration took place in the parts of the lips
with which the segar came in contact. The ulcers
were very painful, and a few days after their ap.
pearance the absorbent glands under each side
of the jaw swelled, became very painful, and the
general health much impaired. Various appli-
cations were made to the sores, but without in-
fluencing their character. After continuing
troublesome for five weeks, they spontaneously
healed ; but an irruption over the face and neck
followed, which gave way to the blue pill and
decoction of sarsaparilla.. Mr. Stanley could
give no other explanation of the ulcerations of
the lips, thaa by attributing them to the irrita-
tion of the segar. " Perhaps," says he, " the
tobacco acted as a poison to the skin, the suscep-
tibility of this action being derived from the de-
bilitated state of the system, the patient having
been rendered very weak. by a considerable loss
of blood." This is the first time we have
heard of loss of blood rendering the system
more susceptible of the action of a stimulus,
or rendered more liable to irritation. Struc-
tural is, no doubt, very fre.
but it Is also the consequence of a de-
effect of irritation
lymph in the cellular substances or in-
terstices,s)ht de-
posit
state
e stomach,
toooffm t
a h e absorbents;
of
h or
some o t hence
ers c organicu
kept up by a
qt uureanl
y derangement
the
stimulus,
from sluggish circulation and indolent
iscodnisimeaosn in
people who are in the habit of smoking, taking
snuff, opiates, and malt liquor, the latter of
which, when well hopped, or adulterated with
vegetable anodynes, is a powerful sedative or an
irritant. With respect to the use of snuff, Pro-
fessor Cullen states, that he found the stimulat-
ing ones, when they produced a copious discharge
of mucous or serous fluid from the nostrils, to
prove very beneficial in cases of head-ache, either
nervous or plethoric, pain in the ear, and inflam-
mation of the eyes. He also supposed that its
occasional use might prevent apoplezy and palsy.
Morgagni and Van Swieten fancied that a stimu-
lating snuff, by exciting sneezing, might occasion
such a determination of blood to the brain as to
occasion apoplexy in a person pre-disposed to the
disease ; and Dr. Paris, who is of the same opi-
nion, fancies that it was oil account of this effect
of sneezing, that gave rise to the custom in Greece
and Italy, of exclaiming, on hearing a person
sneeze, cc May you live," or " God bless you."
The tobacco snuffs, on nervous subjects, not ac-
customed to their use, often occasion giddiness,
head-ache, and nausea, not by stimulating but
by their anodyne effects, which effects are gene-
rally removed by sneezing. In young subjects,
where arterial plethora prevails, the vessels of
the head become so overloaded by sneezing, as
to occasion bleeding at the nose, and even effu-
sion of the eyes ; but in elderly people, where
venous fulness prevails, sneezing evidently un-
loads the veins and sinuses of the brain, and we
have always found it to prove beneficial even
during the existence of symptoms of impending
apoplexy. There is a great difference between
venous and arterial plenitude. In elderly peo-
ple, the venous system is often so overloaded as
to oppress the heart and arteries, and the arterial
system being in an opposite state, the former is
to be relieved by increasing the action of the
heart and arteries ; and hence sneezing and vomit-
ing, although they increase the determination of
blood to the head, unload the veins and sinuses,
for the circulation of the blood in the veins de-

pends on the power of the heart and arteries.
If blood be taken from the arterial system when
the venous Aystem is overloaded, either by cup-
ping or by opening an artery, the venous plethora
will be increased, and fatal apoplexy has been
known to follow both operations in elderly people.
The sudden fatal termination of apoplexy, and its
occurrence in elderly people, after abstraction
of blood, has been noticed by the celebrated
Holster. Th• doctrine is too modern for the no-
tice of Dr. Paris and his learned college bre-
thren. The cause of the benediction being so
generally bestowed on those who sneeze, in
Greece and Italy, is not on account of the mis-

_
chief it may do in the brain, but because in the
_ _

epidemic of both countries it is often the fore-

runner of death, and when a patient is afflicted
with the epidemic, it being a very unfavourable

indication, the bystanders, on hea►ding it, exclaim,
" May you live," or " God bless you." In the
typhus fever of this country, even when the brain

is apparently overloaded, sneezing is a very fa-
vourable indication. When the editor suffers
from an overloaded state of the blood-vessels of

the brain, o which he is subject, he always takes

a pinch of camphorated asarabacca powder, and
when it excites sneezing it never fails to afford

immediate relief, the circulatiottin the extremi-

ties and the action of the skin being evidently
increased by its and even the distended veins of

the extremities reduced to their natural size.
The operation of sneezing, he is persuaded, equa-
lizes the circulation, and promotes the secretioa
of the skin. The use of an anodyne snuff, as that
of tobacco, by diminishing nervous energy or ar-
terial action, will occasion venomous plenitude of
the brain ; and this is a common effect of com-
mon snuff, when it does not produce sneez-
ing and a secretion from the nostrils. The
cephalic snuff, generally sold in this country, be-.
ing only common tobacco snuff, perfumed with
]he oil of lavender, rosemary, &c. is equally ob-
jectionable. The venous congestion which pre-
vails in the typhus fever, particularly noticed by
Dr. Armstrong, indicates more the use of tonic
medicines than the lancet. The circulation of
blood in the veins as much depends on the action
of the heart as that of the arteries, and when the
veins are overloaded the heart will be proportion-
ably oppressed, and hence blood taken from a
vein will raise the pulse. In such cases, the state
of pulse affords no indication as to the propriety
of bleeding, for after an abstraction of blood, its
cases of venous congestion, it will become fuller
and stronger. If blood be abstracted by leechesi
or by cupping, the pulse will become feeble,
and the general strength of the patient more
reduced ; because the blood thus abstracted
will be more from the arteriat than the venous~
system. After unloading the venous system,
tonic and cordial medicines are often necessary
to restore the equilibrium of the circulation
and hence the practice of bleeding and ex-
hibiting cordial or tonic medicines at the same
time is not " inconsistent," as a certain phar-
macological quack, of the class of legitimate
physicians, from his ignorance of the principle on
which they were adopted, asserts.—(Gazette of
Health.)

Lord BYRON and the Honourable LucEsTEst.
STANHOPE were recently at Zante, on a visit to
that gallant young officer, Sir FREDERICK SToTIN,
the Governor. These travellers were then most
sanguine in their hopes for the ultimate success
of the cause of the Greeks.

Nottwrcn, FEB. 4.--The curiosity excited by
the discovery of the vaults by St. Giles's gates,
seems not in the least abated : during the
last fortnight great numbers have threaded
though this subterraneous labyrinth, among
whom were some of the most distinguished.
families of this city and county. Many of
iaE
those gentlemen who are fond of culling the re-
lics of the ancient world, have amused themselves'
in this retreat for three and four hours together,
and indeed to such virtuosi it affords a rich treat.
The marine shells that have been collected are
numerous, a great portion of which are shown at
the door; as are also some coins, which were
discovered near the entrance. In one of the
finest arches the name of " John Bond, 1517,"
nfuosucnr
idp, t writtennu qr.; i
Gt e
LI; e.)
Ls boemay
sty le of an-
t
has l
TT.—There are at present existing irs
the
an-
tique e nlel
Royal tHospital, Chelsea, several individuals
of the most extraordinary age. One individual,
named Thomas Foresides, is at the advanced age
of 103, and has full possession of his faculties,
can converse with vivacity, take his grog, or crack
a joke with any veteran in the Establishment.
There are a considerable number from the age of
60 to 96 and 97, all in good health. His Royal
Highness the Duke of York visited the Establish-
ment a few days ago to inspect the place, when the
whole of the Pensioners were assembled to•
gether and gave his Royal Highness three hearty
cheers on his entrance. FORESIDES was pointed
out to the Royal visitor as an extrordinary
in-
stance of longevity, when he recounted the vari-
ous engagements he had been in during his long
service, and his Royal Highness seemed highly
delighted with his conversation and demeanour,
and presented him with a donation, which the
old man thankfully received. His Royal High-
ness soon quitted the place, when his health was
drank with enthusiasm, and " God save the King
and Royal Family" were the ruling toasts.

COAL-MARKET, FEB. 6.
Ships at Nlarket. Ships sold
44i Newcastle - - 131 -
5 Sunderland - - 5 -

Price.
34s Od to 41s Oa
343 3d to 38s 6d

COURSE OF EXCHANGE, February G.
Anteteidam
12 2 V. F.
Ditto, at Sight
II 19
Rotterdam
12
Antwerp
.......... 12 4
Hamburgh
37 5 if Us
Altona
Paris,3 Day's sight
Ditto
25 so 2
Boitrdeaux, ditto
a.
Berlin
Frankfort on the Alain
Petersburg!) 9
Vienna lO 10
Trieste lO 10
Madrid
361 Effectivo
Cadiz
961 Effective
Wilma sq Effective
Barcelona
Seville
Qibraltar
Leghorn
G 01,141
..:51-IN"eanpiicees, Ital. Li v.
3287 0
Malta
Palermo
Lisbog
Oporto
Rioiastriro
Bnbia 3l
Dublin .... 91 Cork y. pet Cent.