The Sun.
London, England, 1824-01-23 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE GLASGOW CHRONICLE.

Szn,—According to the promise made in my
last letter, I proceed to the consideration of the fund for the sup-
port of the sick and aged at New Lanark.
There were two modes of attaining this object : either the
Company might maintain the fund, and adjust the wages of
the work people accordingly—thus controuling and directing
every individual payment, and keeping all dependent upon
them ; or, the fund might be raised by stated contributions
from all who were employed, and the wages rated proportiona-
bly higher. It was of no consequence to the Company, in a
pecuniary view, which mode was adopted ; but, as the latter
tended to secure feelings of independence in the population, it
was preferred.
This arrangement took place upwards of twenty years ago.
It was difficult to determine, prior to experience, the sum that
would be required to meet the expenditure arising from the
claims of the sick and aged, in such a population. A sixtieth
part of the wages of each, or one penny in five shillings (the
maximum payment being 13s. per annum for a male, and es. 6d.
for a female) was fixed upon as the rate of contribution, by way
of experiment,. And, for near 20 years, the money thus raised,
with an addition of an annual donation from the Company of
fifty guineas, was found to be adequate to the purpose. But
in consequence of the prevalence of typhus fever some time
ago, as well as the increase of numbers upon the aged list, the
fund for the last eighteen months had become unequal to the
demands upon it. At first, no alteration was attempted, as
I wished to ascertain whether it was a permanent or only a
tempomrylexcess of expenditure that required to be pro-
vided for.

The fund was under the management of the following in-
dividuals :
Mr. .Tohn Haddow, principal Superintendent of the buildings
and Mechanical Department; in the Company's service about
19 years ; a member of the Church of Scotland.
Mr. Robert Mason, principal Cashier and Superintendent of
the Stores; in the Company's service 22 years; a member of
the Society of Friends.
Mr. John Winning, Assistant Superintendent in the Me-
chanical Department; employed at the establishment 22 years ;
a deacon of the Independent Congregation in the village of New
Lanark. _ .

Mr. Robert M'Kay, assistant superintendent of the Mule
Spinning, employed 32 years at the establishment; a member
of the Church of Scotland.
Mr. William Sinclair, assistant superintendent of the Water
Spinning; employed 35i years at the establishment; an elder
of the Independent Congregation in the village of New Lanark.
And,
Mr. John Alexander, principal superintendent of the Spin_
ning Department; employed 3(3 years in the establishment ; a
member of the Church of Scotland.
These are men, whose integrity no one has yet doubted—of
whose and justice in the fulfilment of the duties of their
situations, esitnycluding the direction of the monthly payments
from this fund, no one has ever complained to me. Ilad there
been the least symptom of partiality.in the conduct of these
persons, or any desire expressed on the part of the people, to
have some of their number associated with them in the distri-
bution of the money, no objection could or would have been
made to their wishes. It can scarcely be necessary to add that
in no one case did I ever interfere in its collection or appropria-
tion, or that not one penny of it ever passed through my hands,
or those of any member of my family. I was amused, however,
a few days ago, while travelling in the mail coach from London,
unknown to my companions, to hear one of the party inform
another, in a conversation about Mr. Owen and his plans, that
by a sfptement he had seen in the newspapers, it appeared that
he had applied several thousand pounds of this fund to his
own use.

Finding the excess of expenditure over the receipts to con-
tinue, it became necessary that the one should be increased, or
:the other diminished ; or dependence and pauperism, the bane
of tire human race, must be allowed to demoralize the popula-
tion. I consulted with the heads of the different departments
on these matters, and it was decided to call a meeting of the
inhabitants, to ascertain whether it would be more agreeable to
their feelings to increase the receipts, or to diminish the ex-
penditure ; the debt which had accumulated, amounting to
about 1701., to be cancelled by the Company's annual dona-
tion. The meeting being called, and its object explained to
them, I recommended that the contributions should be raised,
rather than that the comforts of the sick and aged should be
curtailed, but requested that the parties present would take
time to consider the subject well, and inform me if they could
suggest any improvement in any of the proposed details. I
adopted this course, because I was desirous to discover what
progress the,older inhabitants had made in the acquisition of
good feelings, and the knowledge necessary to enable them to
act with humanity and justice to each other.
I speedily found however by a paper put into my hands, that
a few of the most ignorant and least charitably disposed, work-
ed upon by interested individuals from without the establish-
ment, were attempting to make these proceedings subservient
to the views and measures of those who have latterly arrayed
themselves in opposition to the New System. Seeing this, I
re-considered the subject with those who possessed the most
knowledge and experience, and who were disinterested
as to the receipts and expenditure, and such regulations
were formed as were conceived to be most beneficial for
the whole population. At the same time, at the request
of the above-named managers of the fund, I added to
their number one workman from each department, to be cho-
sen
by the operatives themselves ; stating that they should
have a report monthly of the receipts and expenditure, that
they might have in one view the amount contributed, and the
sums paid out, with the names of individuals receiving relief.
A second meeting was then called the day before I left New
Lanark for London, and as the regulations which were com-
municated to them had evidently been made solely for the be-
nefit of the whole population, I 'concluded that the business
was finally settled.
But I had scarcely departed, it seems, when the individuals
who had been previously instigated to oppose the measures
which had been proposed for the permanent good of the villag-
ers, became very active in concerting a plan to create dissention
and dissatisfaction ; and some of them went so far as to
threaten with violence those who resisted. They formed a
junto, and put the names of some of the most respectable in-
habitants upon the list, without their knowledge or consent,
and thus imposed upon others. They named a President
and a Secretary, and passed such resolutions as appeared in
the Glasgow Chronicle. The President was a man who had been
formerly discharged for misconduct, but who, on account of his
distressed situation, and earnest entreaties, had been again em-
ployed ; and the Secretary was an apprentice in the mechanical
department—the only one who ever left the company's service
before the expiration of the usual period of service, but who
also, at the repeated request of his father, who had long con-
ducted himself well at the works, was again received into em.
ployment. All the respectable part of the inhabitants of the
village, when they discovered who were the instigators and
actors in these proceedings, after warning them of their folly,
kept aloof from them ; and as soon as they knew that a false
statement had been sent to London, immediately forwarded a
counter-representation to the same quarter.
Such is the history of the domestic disturbance which was
fomented in my absence. Upon my return, to preserve the re-
quisite order in an extensive manufactory, it became necessary
at once to put a stop to such proceedings, and I immediately
discharged eight of the principal ringleaders, paying each of
them a months' wages in advance.
Considering the manner in which these people have been
treated for nearly 25 years, it could scarcely be expected that
the most ignorant and irrational of them would accuse me of
tyranny. It has been the leading object of my life, to devise
and carry into execution such measures for the permanent
amelioration of the working classes, as should ultimately super-
sede the necessity for any punishment or severity whatever;
and in so far as these have been introduced at New Lanark, I
have been most successful. During the whole of these 25
years, I do not recollect applying to a court of law to inflict a
single punishment upon any individual. By the rules of the
establishment, different offences were subjected to pecuniary
fines, and these, exclusive of the fines paid on account of
illegitimate children, have not amounted in the aggregate
to 40s. a year, for ten years past, in a population of 2,500
souls. These fines were always paid into the village fund
for relief of the sick and aged. In the schools no punish-
ment is permitted. As the improvement of the population
of New Lanark was a mere speck in the proceedings which
I contemplated, and as the consequent necessity of my being
much from home was foreseen, I adopted two general measures,
by which I endeavoured to secure their independence and their
happiness, as far as regulations could effect this, under the pe-

culiar circumstances in which we stood in relation to each other,
as master and servants in a manufacturing establishment,
carried on for the pecuniary gain of a company of proprietors.
A general store was established for their benefit, and that its
object might never be frustrated, a regulation was made that
no one should ever be asked to purchase there, or be prevented
in any manner from freely purchasing elsewhere, whenever they
thought they could be better served. This was such a check
upon the managers of the store, as rendered it neCessary that
they should purchase the best articles only, at the lowest prices,
and sell them accordingly. The other was, that no advantage
should be taken of the distresses of persons applying for work at
the establishment, by engaging either individuals or families
for Many Years' at fixed wages—a very common practice in
similar manufactories. Therefore if any, found themselves
aggrieved; the)) could remove at any time on giving one month's
notice; but in general, if they thought they could improve
their condition-by a change, they were allowed to go at a day's
notice.
Under such regulations I knew no tgranny could be exercised
by any parties over these people ; and the most active proof of
the happy effects which have been produced, is that the changes
among the managers and work-people have been singularly
few in number. The superintendent of thebychanical depart-
ment has been in his present situation as first andSecbild blaster;
the superintendent of the mills as first and seconclma,ster ; the
superintendent of the store, and the greater part of the heads of
families, from 15 to 38 years.
Still, however, I do not attribute blame to the poor deluded in-
dividuals whom I have been obliged to discharge, or to any of
their associates who remain. I dismissed the former, not be-
cause 1 thought it just, but because, as in every other in-
stance in which I have inflicted punishment, it was expe-
dient and necessary under the circumstances in which I was
placed. The real cause of that which is to be lamented in
their conduct, is referable to the great error which society has
committed, in allowing them to remain in a state of ignorance
which exposes them to such delusion ; and, in the present in-
stance, I attribute blame to myself rather than to these poor
men. I ought long ago to have proceeded, as I intended,
to remove the ignorance of the elder part of the inhabitants
of New Lanark, by instituting regular lectures for their instruc-
tion, to be given after the hours of work ; and if I had done
so, it is not probable that any of them could now have been
influenced to act in direct oppo`eition to their own interest and
happiness. But from the mode of proceeding I was deterred,
by a desire to avoid even any appearance of interfering with
the oninions of the population.
I defer till your next publication some important considera-
tions regarding Christianity and its relation to the New System.
ROBERT OWEN.
New Lanark, Jan. 13, 1824.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF CHANCERY, JANUARY 22.
COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE.

CONST V. HARRIS.
His LORDSHIP did notmean to pronounce any final judgment
in this
tions upon it. The bill filed was, calling upon the Court to
case to-day, although he wished to make some observa-
c°nMel the specific performance of certain articles entered into
n the year 1812; and the motion in the cause now standing for
judgment was, praying to have a manager and receiver of the
theatre appointed, that the profits might be applied according
to the terms of deed of 1812. Of all the persons that
Could be thought of to manage a Theatre, undoubtedly, the
Chancellor of England must be considered the most unfit ; and
he (the Learned Judge) could only say, that in his own
mind he felt perfectly satisfied that the deed set up in
defence, dated 1822, as being a deed to which Mr. Const had
acceded, though not by contract yet by conduct, with respect
to new arrangements amon therties, could not stand.
pa
When the discussion of the motion was closed, a proposition g g
had been mady by Mr. Const to take a rent for his proportion
at the same rate at which Mr. Harris's had been rented, and
which was then refused ; but if they knew, as well as the per-
son then addressing them, the ruinous consequences that would
most certainly be the result of the interference of this Court
to all
es, they would not hesitate to reconsider that refu-
sal.lPnaratiword, he could assure them that, if they compelled
him to make an order, in less than four-anti-twenty hours
afterwards they would most sincerely lament it—and that,
unless they did settle it between themselves befote this day
week, if he lived he would make a decree. The parties were
not to be deceived with the notion that because a decree must
necessarily be mischievous, that therefore the Court would not
make one; the Court had no right to say or to think that any
decree the law of the land called for would be mischievous,
still it might more readily occur to the Court than to the parties,
that in some cases, and particularly in this one, the consequence
would be in some respects
most mischievous : and therefeee
his Lordship earnestly recommended a settlement between the
parties out of Court.
Mr. JAMES thought that IVlr Harris ought to have been made
a party on the record to this
motion ; he was willing to come
in, and wished to have that opportunity, for he was quite able
to make affidavit to prove Mr. Const's acquiescence to the
deed of 1822.

His LonDsHlp observed, that he certainly was most unwill-
ing to act on the stage of a theatre ; but if he was in exist_
ence on this day week,
he would decide upon the state of the
record as it now stood to the best of his judgment, if matters
were not settled before that time.

EX•PARTE GRIMSTEAD, IN RE HOWARD AND 018135.
Mr. Po',Loot followed up the argument in support of the
petition. He particularly spoke to the matters which occurred
in the Nisi Prius trial. He had to complain, not only of much
that had been done, but also of much that had not been done
and ought to have been done in these proceedings. He as a
common lawyer was concerned in that trial, and in the result
of the issue he must have felt that to be the most unfortunate
day of his life, had he not looked up to this Court to do jus-
tice to his unhappy client ultimately. The first thing of which
he Ihad to complain was the conduct of the assignees in de-
parting from the instructions under which this Court sent
them to trial in the Court below. The remarks upon what
was called the Vice-Chancellor's judgment, in the speech of
the then Solicitor-General, were contrary to the common prin-
ciples of the jurisdiction ; for he put it to his Learned Friend,
who pre-tised in those Courts with him (Mr. Wild), if, upon a
new trial granted upon writ of error, it was not the practice to
abstain from every allusion, however distant,to the proceedings
of the former trial. Indeed, for the temporary argument, it
was always assumed that no trial had been had before. The
next evil was the introduction of four letters, which were not
in any manner admissible as evidence against Mr. Grimstead.
They were the only proof advanced of a conspiracy between
Gibbs and Mr. Grimstead ' • and yet, not only had Mr. Grim-
stead nothing to do with the writing of them—they were not
addressed to him—nay more, two of them were written by Por-
ter to Gibbs, on his way to Calais, before he could have seen
Mr. Grimstead. The letters were, however, admitted, though
not without reference to the review which might be had in this
Court of the proceedings—not without controversy on the pro-
priety of admitting them ; nay, if his recollection served him
rightly, he believed that the Chief Justice warned the Soli-
citor-General, that he introduced them at his peril, if he did
not feel quite sure of establishing them as evidence. Among
the directions of the Chief Justice to which he most particu-
larly objected, was this—" The great question in this case is,
Do you, after what you have heard, believe Mr. Gibbs, or do
you not ?" Now this was not the great question in the cause.
They could have made out their case wirhout Mr. Gibbs,
but they called him solely to satisfy the intentions of this
Court. He hoped that his Lordship would decide the case
himself. But if it must go to a new trial, he prayed that Mr.
Grimstead's case might not he clogged with the obloquy of
Mr. Gibbs's evidence. If the other party wished to have him,
let them call him, and then brand bins with infamy and fraud
as grievously as might suit their own case. They made use of
his evidence to atchieve the triumph of the day. They had it,
but they would not he able to hold it long. They were required
by the plaintiff's Counsel to produce the examinations of the
Commissioners, and the ccpies of Gibb's letters to Grimstead,
which they were hound to do in fairness and in justice : for when
this Court sends an issue to trial, it does not intend that the
parties should go to the Courts of Common Law to display
their dexterity in Nisi Pries practice, but to lay all the cir-
cumstancee of the case before the Court and Jury. By the rule
of Nisi Pries, they might in strictness withhold the examina-
tionss ; but these were the very evidence upon which the Peti-
tion came before the Vice-Chancellor : they ought not to have
withheld them ; they were asked to produce them ; they were
braved and even threatened with the consequences; they were
told that an appeal would be made to the Chancellor if they did

not produce them, and yet they withheld them. Had the order
for an issue been drawn up in. January instead of November,
undoubtedly an appeal would have been made instantly. Mr.
Montague was of opinion that they ought nc.t to haveaccepted
the order for a trial at law, and all the counsel were of opinion
that their dury would have been to appeal, .had the order been
drawn up in January instead a November. Nov as to the
charge of usuiry which had been made tn'taint the case when
put in issue, it was not a thing to be surmised and whispered.
It was a matter highly criminal—the penalties wshe. „„re_
the evidence must be positive. In this case the evi4ence might
be divided into oral and written testimony. All the oral evi-
dence was on one side, in favour of Mr. Grimstead. Of the
written testimony, that which was produced was not evidence,
and that which would have confirmed the oral testimony was
most improperly and resolutely withheld. The trial by jury
was not the best for all cases, and this was one for which it was
not suitable. All the matter of evidence was in writing, and
at any rate the proper use Of that mode of trial was not to direct
the jury to determine one way, because Mr. Gibbs hsd sworn
another.

The LORD CIfANCELLORtIid not observe any directions of
the Vice-Chancellor that Gibbe should be examined. Mr.
Grimstead therefore called Mr... Gibbs of his own diacretioe.
It was a very delicate part of the duty of this Court to give di-
rections as to who should be examined in an issue at law, -Mr.
Gibbs, however, was called, and supposing his evidence.to be
entirely destroyed, then the question was, what evidence re-
mained of the crime augury. It would appear, then, that there
would be no evidence left but the pass-book. But another ques-
tion was, whether the case went to the Jury under this view of
it ; end if not, what were the grounds as to usury which were
submitted to them. As to the neglect and want of caution in
Mr. Grinstead, as it seemed to him, without meaning to preju-
dice the case on the other side,that argument seemed to have been
carried much too far ; fOr he very well recollected hearing in the
House of Lords, oh good authority, that Lord Mansfield declar-
ed that he had never looked at any deed that he signed in the
whole course of his life. NOW, supposing that in January
Gibbs had said to Mr. Grimstead, " If you have 10,0001.
ready, I can invest it for you in an annuity. The writings are
not ready, but you may depend upon my seeing them exe-
cuted if you will advance the money." Supposing in six months
afterwards Gibbs were to say again, " I did not invest your
money as I promised to do in January last ; but I shall soon be
able to do it, and in the mean time I will enter in the book a
sum to your credit equal to the produce of an annuity for the
intermediate timee because, if 1 do not, you may recover in an
action against me." He did not know that this would be
usury, and he did not think it would. Suppose, in the mean
time, Howard and Gibbs to become bankrupts, then the claim
for an annuity, which would otherwise sound in damages for
not having effected it, would fall into a debt. Now what he
wanted to know was this—did the evidence of the pass-book
go to the Jury with such distinctions as under these supposed
circumstances it ought to have gone? Because they should
have been, in this case, directed to say what part of those sums
ctihmeragcetdu awl ipt
hr oduus
uc eryo,f awnini
itic
hi t i
oe sf ;t
enmd' omf
itgh oh st ebeen
ctroine
entered for produce were usurious transactions and which' of
othfeimntewreesrte
sidered as the equivalent of the damages to which Mr. Gibbs
could have been liable ; or in the other event, if the whole con-
tents of the pass-book were tainted with usury. And the dis-
tinctions, if any, should have been returned as to the different
sums. God Almighty forbid that this country should ever lose
the blessings of that great institution, the Trial by Jury : but
certainly it was impression on his mind which he never should
be able to get rid of, that there were cases in which it worked
very little benefit to the interests of justice. He very well
gentleman
of some eminence now living,
was tried and convicted, and suffered the pains of perjury.
recollected that a •
He had been accused of defrauding the public by using deficient
that he lad not committed any such fraud, and upon that,
weights, in a contract which he hat 4 and he made an affidavit
after a long trial in the King's Bench, he was found guilty
of perjury. The Attorney:General of the day proceeded against
him in the Court of Exchequer for the several penalties
which lie had incurred. He (the Lord Chancellor) and Mr.
Mansfield were engaged for him in an appeal on the equity side
of the Exchequer, and the hearing lasted for nearly a fortnight.
The Chief Baron at the end of that time overturned all that had
penalties in the Court of King's Bench, and
Court ; declaring that in his opinion a more
honourable man did not breathe than the defendant appeared
to him to be from the whole of the proceedings. And the first
beenin
the dune
a Exchequer
to the
act of Chief Baton
Eyre, when he became first Commissioner,
was to affix the great seal to a pardon, after the defendant had
suffered the pains of perjury.
Mr. POLLOCK felt thankful for the suggestions now thrown
out by the Court, and in gratitude would refrain from troubling
his Lordship with one word more.
Mr. Mosuraor resumed his address in support of the
which he had suspended in courtesy to Mr. Pollock, who
had urgent business in his own Court. The Learned Gentle- ,
man exhausted the rest of the day, and the completion of his I
address was adjourned over to Saturday.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, JAN. 22.

The LORD CnnEF.JusTICE did not sit at Nisi Prins, but
joined the other Judges in the Grand Jury room to hear argu.
merits on motions.

PHILLIPS V. BISTOLLI.

This was an action by Mr. Phillips, the auctioneer, to re-
cover eighty guineas. the price of a pair of brilliant ear-rings,
which had heen knocked down to the defendant at one of the
plaintiff% sales. At the trial before the Lord Chief-Justice, at
Westminster, it appeared that by the conditions of sale, a de-
posit was to be paid, if required, before passing to the next
lot, and the whole price given before the articles were taken
away. The defendant bade for the ear-rings ; they were
knocked down to him at 88 guineas, and given into his hand ;
but lie shortly returned them, objecting that he intended to
hid for them only forty-eight guineas, as the central stones were
not rubies, but only Assyrian garnets. Mr. Scarlett, for the de-
fendant, contended that the plaintiff must be non-suited, on the
ground that there was no delivery and acceptance to satisfy the
provisions of the statute of frauds, as Mr. Phillips might have
stopped the goods until payment f the price. The Lord Chief
Justice, however, declined to nonsuit, and left the case to the
Jury on the question, whether the defendant bade 83 guineas
under a mistake as to price, or whether his objection was an
after-thought; on which they found for the plaintiff. On the
part of the defendant a rule was obtained for a new trial, which
now came on for argument.
Mr. GURNEY and Mr. COMYN showed cause against the
rule, and contended that the verdict was decisive; as the case
had been left to the Jury, not merely on the ground of mistake,
but also on the question, whether one party intended to deliver,
and the other to accept.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE, however, thought that he did
not leave the case so broadly to the Jury, as he would have con-
stituted them Judges of the law.
The COURT made the rule absolute for a new trial, without
costs, and with a strong intimation that there was no evidence
to take the case out of the Statute of Frauds.

MAY V. BROWN.
This was one of several actions brought by Mr. May, the
late vestry-clerk of the parish of Bethnal-green, for the vindi-
cation of his character from aspersions contained in several
alleged libels. After a very long trial, he obtained a verdict,
with 1001. damages ; but two questions were raised, one of
variance, and the other arising from the rejection of evidence
offered on the part of the defendant, upon which a new trial was
granted.
Mr. SCARLETT was about to shew cause, when

The COURT suggested the expediencrof some arrangement
between the parties, as Mr. May had succeeded in clearing his
reputation from the suspicions cast on it in the course of the
unfortunate disputes of this parish.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL, for the defendant, expressed
his willingness to pay the costs of the other actions on having a
stet processles in the present suit.
Mr. SCARLETT said, he could not accede to this proposal in
the absence of the plaintiff, but he would communicate it to
him, it the case stood over.
The COURT ordered the case to stand over, in order to give
opportunity to the plaintiff of considering if he will accept the
proposal.

ELECTION OF A BISHOP.—At a General Meet-
ing of the Clergy of the diocese of Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora,
held in the new parish chapel of St. Joseph, Kinvara, on the
13th instant, the very Rev. Dr. Edmond French, Warden of
Galway, was unanimously elected to.the vacant See ; and the
postulation proceeded to Rome for the approbation and confir-
mation of the Holy See.—( Connaught Journal.)

-
MODERN IMPROVEJONTS IN AYRSHIRE.
Ma. EDITOti—Lt is well known to many of
your Readers, particularly the Gentlemen at
Lam YD'S, that the coast of Ayrshire extends'np-
wards of seventy miles, and is, perhaps, the. most
dangerous of any part of the empire in: hbrth-
west gales—there not being one. natural bay ;or
harhopr of safety indented in it from Lochry'iin
to the Clyde—the small bai-.barbours of Ayi and
Irvine, can scarcely be tendered as exceptions,
even for small craft.

Sometime after the" Conclusion of the 4te wtsr,
I was induced to Make a survey, .an OftCial one—
of the coast of Ayrshireiin.the hope that I should
1 discover some place, which like Cherbourg and
Plymouth Sound, at a:moderate national expense,
might become a place of safety to seamen, and
reduce the number of lives WhiCh ' are'llisCatia-
nually on this dangerous sweep of coast. I was
disappointed in the only places which could in
any way be rendered of national use, and that.
on but a very limited scale, had been already
patriotically seized upon by the Duke of Port-
land and the late Earl of Eglinton. The Duke
having found the Froon-point -(formerly a•ren-
dezvous for smugglers on his estates), considered,
and was advised that it might be made useful to
his estates in Ayrshire, And accordingly his GraCe
set about the improvement at a great expense,
which now completed, fOrnits ships of from 14 to
16 feet draught of water, and whilst the Duke
of Portland has the satisfaction of knowing
the valise of the harbour to his large estates, he
has the nobler satisfaction of knowing that his
fortune so employed, has saved many a gallant
fellow from a watery grave.
Lord Eglinton was not so fortunate as his
noble neighbour. The small rocky inlet of Ar-
drossan was much more disposed by nature to
resist the engineer, and the power of a private
fortune than was Froon ; but all that could be
done was effected, and the result is, that coasters
of ten or twelve feet draug!it may find an indif-
ferent shelter in Ardrossan. His Lordship died
whilst following up his plan to an intended ex-
tent of greater utility.
The next places of great public utility that
present themselves to the notice of the tour-
ist, are the railroad constructed by the Duke
of Portland ; which, after running eleven miles,
through an irregular country of hills, dales, and
mosses, connects the port of Froon with Kilmar-
nock, a large manufacturing town, of which the
Duke is Lord of the Manor—and the very ex-
tensive and extending cotton works at Catrine,
belonging to the powerful firm of Finlay and Ca.
of Glasgow. Here, Sir, is an establishment,
where, while there are no fifings and marchings,'
—no drilling disciplinarians—no Utopian notions
from the Sophiometer, on the capability or per-
fectuality of human nature, there are many hun-
dreds of persons valuably employed who in mo-
rals, manners, and industry, may cope with the
best drill.sergeants of Mr. Owen, at New La-
mark—and would be found more in unison with
the true philosophy of our nature in idea, . and
practises, than is the sage innovator ors the esta-
blished customs of mankind through the long
chaie of ages since the expulsion from Paradise,
whilst passing a few days with Mr. Buchanan,
one of the firm *, and the ingenious manager of
this successful, but unintended rival of New
Lanark, I met, at his table, an accredited agent
of the Emperor of Russia, who was a long time
in Scotland snaking tours of observation, and
plans of our great sources of national wealth,
and I am borne out. by his experience ansl opi-
nion, in giving the preference to the works at
Catrine, in whatever point of view the establish-
ment may be contrasted with that of New La-
nark. Let tne adduce two views only. In Lanark
the workmen are tied down. by certain regula-
tions, which, they confess to strangers, sweep
away their freedom in all things, except their
thoughts ; while at Catrine man is left to the
freedom of his own will after the hours-of la-
bour, and embraces all the happiness which GOD
and education enables him to enjoy.
At Lanark the stores or shops of the Company
are the marts where the workers are expected to
purchase their weekly food and necessaries ;
where qualities or prices must not .be. cavilled
with, whilst at Catrine, an open market is esta-
blished, and all possible encouragement is
given by the excellent manager to farmers and
others to compete, and bring to it efficient sup-
plies. _

Schools are supported by the company, and a
post-office is also established in this rising vil-
lage; a church nods from the hill over the ex-
tensive worlo, and the church is apontnneously
and well attended!

In short, since the purchase of this now va-
luable concern by the house of Finlay and Co.,
and the management of Mr. Buchanan, the whole
face of the neighbouring country has assumed a
better aspect than it ever had before. hills are
levelled, and made subject to the plough ; bogs
are drained and cultivated, and wheat grows
where heath had blossomed for ages ; whilst
waste moorlands are planted with trees that may
yet be valuable to the country. Such is not the
case around New Lanark, with all its advan-
tages of situation, on the more fertile banks of
Clyde. Catrine is on the romantic banks of
Ayr, and takes its name from the family.seat of
our great philosopher Dugald Stewart, iu its
neighbourhood.—l am, Sir,
Your most humble servant,
H. CAMPBELI,‘.

* This gentleman's opinion has often weighed heavily with
Committees of the House of Commons. lle is most ingenious
and acute, and has lately obtained a patent for an important
improvement in mechanism. .

THE GREEKS AND TURKS.

( From The Aastrian Ol:servcr)

- ,
C.ONSTANTINOPLE,, DEC. 10. - the Capstan
Pacha, whose return was retarded by contrary
wisids, entered this port on the 6th of December
with part of his fleet, consisting of a frigate of
44 guns, four corvettes, three brigs, autl two
sloops of war. The rest of the fleet'remains in
die Dardanelles. There are many G reek- Priests
on board the Admiral's ship, who were brought
as !lostagei from the islands of the Archipelago.
'Many of these 4hisids have signified their desire
to submit to the-Porte, if they could be protected
from the oppression of the insurgents.

. .
We c:111 assure our readers that the alleged
defeat of the Capitan Pacha, near the isles of
`;:copolo and Skiotho, is a pure fiction, like many
others that have been circulated in Europe.
Private letters state, that many persons, parti-
cularly Germans, who went to assist the Greeks,
are suffering the utmost distress at Smyrna and
the other ports of the Levant.

FRANKFORT, JAN. 14.—The Oriental Spec-
tator has the following account from Smyrna,
.28th November :—" Letters from Scio state that
the Island enjoys perfect tranquillity. All the
accounts from the interior of Natolia are equally
satisfactory. Abundant rains have fallen, which
are the pledge of a rich harvest : the pob:ic
health is excellent. In our city and the environs
the same order that we have long enjoyed conti-
nues to prevail, and every thing passes as for-
merly in the most peaceful times. Humanity
has now no wish to form., but that of seeing the
-Greek revolution terminated; not violently, but
in a manner that may content both the Turks
and- the Creeks. Unhappily the accomplishment
of this wish is remote. The winter, which has
set in, may cause delay ; and the Greeks, if
they are allowed to repose sonic months, will
enjoy the benefit of the delay, will take breath,
aad vim at all possible means for another cam-
paign. But, on the other hand, their pecuniary
means begin to fail, and it is very doubtful
whether they will find in Philhelleninsi a source
from which they can draw in a degree adequate
to their wants.—(The Journalist here enters
into a justification of his own impartiality.)—
:4".e spoke in our last number of the impartiality
of the Greeks in the Isle of Candia and the
advantages gained by the Turks. News of a
nature directly contrary has been circulated, and
we doubt not but in some parts of Europe pa.
pets, containing our news, and, perhaps, letters,
giving them a formal contradiction, may be re-
ceived at the same time. Time will afford infor-
mation which will support what we advance,
though we will readily retract, if, notwithstand-
ing our caution and experience, we should find
that we have been in some points led into error,
or have been deceived in our conjectures ; for it
is the history, and not the removal of the Greek
revolution, that we have undertaken to write."