The Sun.
London, England, 1840-10-12 00:00:00

CHINA.

EXTRACT OF A PRIVATE LETTER FROM MR. MARE
MOSS, BRITISH MERCHANT, TO Ins PARTNER IN
LONDON.

" SINGAPORE, JUNE 20.

" In addition to the foregoing,.l have to inform you
that the Admiral (Elliot), from the Cape, arrived here
on the 16th instant, and sailed for China on the 18th.
I bad an audience with him through an introduction of
the Governor of this place (Mr. Bonham), and he told
me that my case (the Black Joke barbarities) should be
looked into as soon as possible. I now wish you to
keep Lord Palmerston's mind open upon my losses in
China ; I also request you to make inquiries as to what,
or if any, measures the Government means to adopt re-
specting the six Lascars who were murdered in the
Black Joke on the night I received such barbarous
treatment, and escaped with the loss of one of my ears.
" M. M."

EGYPTIAN STATISTICS.

A report upon Egypt and Candia has lately been ad.
dressed to Lord Palmerston by Dr. Bowriag, and pre-
sented to both Houses of Parliament by command of
her Majesty. The report includes almost every in:-
portant subject connected with the condition of those
countries ; but the portion which possesses most inte-
rest at the present moment is that which relates to the
resources of Egypt—the number, condition, and charac-
ter of its population, and the strength, discipline, and
disposition of the navy and military force, together with
the available amount of the munitions of war and of the
revenues of the-State.
The total population of Egypt is estimated by the Go-
vernment at 3,20(1,000 souls ; but Dr. Bearing " found
it impossible to come to anything like a certain calcula-
tion" upon the subject. He states, however, as the
opinion of those who arc best informed upon the subject,
that the number of the population ranges from 2,000,000
to 2,500.000, and that the females are to the less worthy
part of the community in the ratio of two to three.
The classes which principally make up the mass of
the population are Turks, Mahornedan Fellabs, Chris-
tian Copts, Franks, and Levantines. The Turkish
race rarely perpetuates itself in Egypt, as the children
invariably die, and the Turkish population is kept up by
an importation of Mamelukes. The Turks, however,
though comparatively few in number (between 18,000
and 20,000 altogether), have nearly a monopoly of all
the considerable situations of an official character in the
country, and this principle is carried so far, that " it is
scarcely allowable even to send a message to a person
in authority by an Arab servant." The Fellaheen
comprises nearly all the agricultural population of
Egypt, and are the class from which the Government
draws all its soldiers, artisans, and labourers. This im-
portant part of the people is characterised by the re-
port as being submissive to authority, gay, joyous,
careless of the future, and contented with little. The
Fellah is distinguished for the mildness of his temper,
the resignation of his disposition, an intense love of
peace, and an equally intense horror of everything con-
nected with a military life, to avoid which he inflicts
upon himself the most dreadful mutilations, and even
abandons his native village in the valley of the Nile,
although his affection for the locality is such that in
absence he speedily perishes of the homeache, whilst
even surrounded by the excitement of an army, in which
he enjoys a far larger amount of material and animal
comforts than he could possess at home, and in which
the wives, mistresses, and parents of the conscripts arc
allowed to accompany them. Amongst such a popu-
lation the consequence of the conscription is that it de •
privet; agriculture of more men than it produces to the
army, an effect which is increased by the oppressions
committed in what may be called the relation of landlord
and tenant, and which is still further heightened by the
dreadful practice of rat:Oa-ion, which deprives the
wretched object of those members without which he is
equally unfit for the situation of a husbandman or a sol-
iedifficult to imagine anything very for
midr;ble It
(tois
very
European
forces, at least) in an army
d
com-
posed of such materials. The character of the Fel-
labs was, however, of singular advantage to Mehemet
Ali in the execution of his project for introducing Eu-
ropean military tactics into the army of Egypt. Upon
this subject Dr. Bow ring says,—
" The tractable and gentle character of the Egyptian
Fellahs made them docile instruments
oforbr:n-ging about
so remarkable an alteration ; and
if,is,a to the
nce theone
hand,
their
l
soil
a an tdt a
le hi i
ge attachment—strong, s tron
producedg, almosta vi
violent res
idolatrous—to their
so
conscription which removed them from n their homes ; on
the other, their presence in the country was rarely ac-
companied with such acts of violence
ge-
nerally marked the conduct of the and rapine as
m
amelukes. The sol-
diery became prott eters instead of destroyers of property;
they formed pat t of a structu.rle of social improvement,
which, with some attendantevi
brought an incompara-
bly greater portion of benefits. The effect of this better
organisation has been
immense Even in the populous
PORTUGUESE NEWS. parts of Egypt, bcfore theti •
me of Mehemet Ali,there was
" A divergency exists in the Cabinet as to the most \ little security for life or property ; in the Desert none
proper time for Proroguing the Cortex, some of its mem- whatever. But the Bed • who easily resisted
bere being of opinion that it should take place Immo- the irregular troops of theowllnlsa,melukes, or Janissa:
diately, and others that it would he better to spin it out. \ ries, scarcely beater disciplined than themselves, found
until the 15th of the ensuing month, the expiration of themselves unable to withstand the artillery, cavalry,
the prolonged suspension of the Habeas Corpus, and and infantry, who, by their manaiuvres, were enabled

ACCOUCHEMENT OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN

DONNA MARIA.
LISBON, OCT. 5, 2 O'CLOCk. r. m.—A. gloom has
been spread over the Luzitanian capital by tho un-
happy accouchement of her Majesty the Queen, who
:vas delivered yesterday forenoon, at a quarter before
I 1 o'clock, of a Princess, who, I regret to state, did
not survive beyond some minutes.
The following supplement to the Diario di Govrrno
was issued late last evening :

" PALACE OF NECESSIDAPES, OCT. 4, 11 A. lit.—
Her Majesty the Queen began to feel the pains of la-
bour at three o'clock yesterday morning. They con-
tinued during the day, excepting at intervals. Up to
three o'clock this morning- there were hopes of a happy
delivery.
" Since that time there began to appear indications
of difficulty, which became more alarming about seven
o'clock, A.M. Under such circumstances, the physi-
cians and surgeons of the Royal Household, who from
the commencement had been in attendance upon her
Majesty, decided that it was indispensable to cause
an extraction of the foetus by artificial meats. This
was effected at about three-quarters past JO to-day,
with the most favourable resu!ts, as regards the preser-
vation of the important life of her Majesty. The In-
fanta was extracted with sufficient signs of life to receive
the rites of Baptism. Her Majesty bore the operation
with the greatest courag9 and resolution, and is at this
hour free from any other inconvenience excepting that
unavoidably attendant upon so lanicntable a delivery.
" Baron de ALME WA, Counsellor'
" FRANCISCO SOARES FRANCO.
"IGNACIO ANTONIO da FONCECA BE.
NEVIDES, Effective Household Physician.
" FRANCISCO ELIAS RODRIQUES do
SILVEIRA, Physician of the Royal Household.
" MANOEL CARLOS TEXEIRA, Surgeo❑
of the Royal Household.
"ANTONIO JOAQUIM FARTO, First Sur-
geon.
"JOAQUIM da ROCHA MAZAREM, Sur-
geon of the Royal Household."

BULLETIN.
(From the Diane di Governo of this day.)
" Palace of Necessidades, Oct. 4, 8 o'clock p.m.
" Iler Majesty the Queen continues as well as could
be expected under existing circumstances, there being
no symptoms which create the least alarm.
Baron de ALMEIDA, Physician to her Ma-
jesty the Queen.
" Dr. KESSLEB, Physician to his Majesty
the King.
" N. 13.—8 y mistake the name of Dr. Kessler in
the supplement of yesterday was left out."
I have this moment, three minutes to two o'clock,
received a message direct from the Palace of Nccessi-
dades, which left exactly a quarter of an hour since, con-
vey-iug the highly gratifying and pleasing intelligence
that her Majesty the Queen passed a good night, is
now considerably better, and doing exceedingly well.
The Royal Infanta will be embalmed this after-
neen, and the funeral state procession will leave the Pa-
lace for the church of San Vicente de Fora, the place
of interment, to-morrow, at three o'clock, P. 111*