The Sun.
London, England, 1847-03-12 00:00:00

high character of the Alinister who had for so many
Years directed the measures of Austria, he need hardly
site that he alluded to Prince Metternich, yet he looked
u
Pen the Convention of Vienna as a guarantee for
European security, and if one clause was to betaken
out of the treaty of Vienna, why not take all out. That
Powers,
had been agreed upon by five of the great
and he did not see why three of those Powers
should act independently. The motion brought forward
by the lion. Member for Montrose was merely an ab-
stract motion, and although no one was more anxious
e°34ePort the independence of Cracow than he was, yet
luefelt bound to support the Ministry on the first reso-
lution !which had been proposed by him. It was true
that the law officers of the Crown had given their
°Pinions in favour of this payment, but nevertheless he
eu uti not assent to the principle which they had ad-
'
, ftneed. He did hope that the words that had been
uttered in that house would not be lost upon the three
powers, ers,, but that they would convince them that the
bad arrived when they must respect the rights and
liberties of their neighbours.
R. H. INGLIS thought that this country ought to
finite with other powers in restorit:g that State, which
here,ll°Ped was not altogether extinct, but only suspended.
weer, Noble Lord at the head of the Government said ho
as prepared to support any abstract resolution upon
the
subject. Now, was not the resolution which had
been placed in the hands of the Speaker sufficiently ab-
Fraet• It was merely a respectful echo of the speech
Treaty
the throne upon this manifest violation of the
tie
eeaty of Vienna,and without troubling the House upon
Pounds, shillings, and pence of the matter, it merely
sent to affirm that the extinction of Cracow, as a free
petate, was an unjustifiable act. The House unanimously
eessed the speech from the throne, and he could not un-
tmeestand upon what ground a resolution, echoing a por-
, Grit in a substantive form was to be rejected. The
n ele which justified the annexation of Cracow
ti-u'd equally justify the extinction of Frankfort,the ex-
rlet•
ion of Hanaburgh, or any of the German States,
orse freedom had long been conceded and respected.—
tesear.) Until a treaty should cease to be an oblige-
ten between two nations or a charter existing between
tan great Powers, and become simply a piece of parch-
went never
te piece of sealing-wax dangling from it, he
di'ind never scruple to denounce acts of the kind under
3eu ssion in the strongest possible language, or formally
Place his opinion with regard to it on record.—(Hear,
tiepsr') Every individual from her Majesty on the
t,;„,c4te, down to individual Members of that House con-
eG-o"eu in reprehending this act, and he trusted
the'ernment and the House would do themselves
ee honour and Poland the justice, to pass these
.esoi„.• ,
ftel"oris unanimously without one dissentient voice,
--(io`e"ear, hear.) The Noble Lord at the head of the
'erliment seemed to concur in its spirit, and as no
reeeplber of the" Government had moved any amend-
h et, he would sit down expressing a fervent hope that
ceer Majesty's advisers would still, for the sake of prin-
teirPrised justice, see the necessity ofallowing the House
the first part of the 'resolution as a renewed ex-
j,,,,e4ssiell of their opinion upon this all-important sub-
of'? connected, as it was, with the rights and privileges
irlelonl.—( Hear, hear.)
tr G. BENTINCK said the Hon. Member for Mon-
rh ec)r-r; • las good en. ough.to inform the House that he was
Btieeß• et Y ashamed of his Hon. Friend the Member for
sbury for the course he had taken on the motion for
atedaddress in answer to the speech from het Crown
to h, e Was sorry to say that the course he was going.
tie4ee to-night would not enhance him in the estima-
ee'neof the Hon. blember for Montrose. He had list-
-rn with great attention to the speech of the Hon.
v_ernber for Montrose. but it contained only three sen-
t7ters he agreed with. The first was, that they must
t forget pounds, shillings, and pence ; the second was,
naati Peace was the greatest blessing that could befal a
rnr, ; and the third was, that they ought to have the
c'ral courage to be honest. Now, with regard to the
ost,tr thought the Hon. Member took a strange
!,e In his endeavour to prove to the House that he
a great desire to act honestly when he proposed that
11:11 the slight grounds he had stated they
1011 d deny the Emperor of Russia his due.
Disraeli
Hon. Friend the Member for Shrewsbury (Mr.
eesraee
in a speech unanswered, as well as other Hon.
flembers who aereed with him, had entered their pro-
test the 'declaration that had been made from the
rtee• But, still further, the mover of the address, in
the H
Swer to the speech from the Throne, avoided pledging
house to any opinion upon that section of the speech;
Only went so far as to pledge them to thanks to her
ejesty for the information which she had given them,
namely. that she had ordered a protest to be made to the
Emperors
of Russia and Austria, and the King of Prussia,
egeinst that which appeared to her to be a manifest vio-
lation of the treaty of Vienna; and her Majesty at the
!lune time informed the House that papers woula be laid
be ore the House which would elucidate the matter.
They had not been called upon to pledge themselves
either the one way or the other, to say that it was a mani-
fest violation of the treaty of Vienna. But he (Lord
George Bentinck) after the most patient study
of the papers which had been laid before
the House, had come to the conclusion that
there was no violation of the treaty of Vienna whatever.
—(Hear, heat ) In treating of what he must call the
minor question, the payment of the money, he concurred
so entirely with the Hon. Member for Southwark (Sir
Molesworth) that he should detain the House for a
eery few minutes on that point. But he must be allowed
to observe on one point which had not been noticed by
InY preceding speaker, viz., that it was admitted in the
?onvention of 1831, and it was also recited in the Act passed
by the House, that it was in consideration of Russia having
given her adhesion to the general provisions of the treaty
4f Vienna, which were still in force, that the convention
Gls Filmed and the Act of Parliament passed. Now it
tiuumtiurnal• be recollected that the 9th article of the treaty of
warhich related to Cracow, recited that complete
ti,
no • '.`'tY was guaranteed to Cracow, and that
to b
force, on any pretence whatever, was
be y
Permitted to enter the free state of Cracow.
could infringeent of te rticle relating t Cracow
ee taken asm a manifest violation of theo treaty of
tie it.ne, unless it was clear that a violation of the treaty
the Vienna had been committed in the year 1831, for at
seetverY time that that convention was signed, and the
reilitq Parliament passed by the House, Russia was in
Dec arY occupation of Cracow. The military occupation
Of thrnsenw, though in contradiction to some of the articles
tree," treaty of Vienna, was no violation of the general
WO' of Vienna, which then continued in full force.
le en Honourable Gentlemen talked of treaties they
tested to forget that there were two parties to a
▪ , and that treaties, like 'other contracts, must
trti "Pt on both sides. Although it was quite
v. that ono of the conditions of the treaty of
the nrla Was that no military force should occupy
treat free state of Cracow, it was also a condition of the
eeo,Y of Vienna that Cracow should observe a strict
teet"rality, and that she should give no asylum. or pro-
go lon to any refugees or other persons hostile to the
estelerninent. If they were to believe the statements
e upon this point, there was no State which was a
ketiater delinquent in this respect than was the free
abate of Cracow. In the year 1831, there were no less
ele; 2,000 refugees in that State. It had been said that
sett.-6, ,was no just cause for interference on tho part of
ese,ns,:and the Noble Lord et the head of the Govern-
nad said, on a former occasion. that he thought the
austurbances of Cracow might not have been altogether
iseaeeie,ePtable to that country. Never was a charge so
ka),Y without foundation as that. It Mr.
Peenis were to be trusted, it would rip-
pow, , that Austria had done all in her
tee'e to maintain the peace of Cracow, and so soon as
Au Senate of Cracow called upon the Emperor of
aticist,ria for assistance, he sent a force of 800 strong,
't Was not till the Polish emigrants appeared in
it free of 5,000 strong that General Collin thought
prudent to retire. It appeared that upon the 18th of
tpbruary the Austrian troops advanced to Cracow, and
le4ett ,the 224 General Collin retired. Upon the same
fee'thtne manifesto of the Polish Government was put
wee", in which they stated that their brethren in Posen
Pole in arms, and prepared to avenge the wrongs of
eedsnd, and called upon the people of Poland to unite
thetake an oath swearing fidelity to their country.
hoped that Hon. Gentlemen who seemed to connect
e,°u)4 'dem of the Polish Government with that of liberty,
look a little closely at the constitution of the re-
em• utionary Government of Poland. What were the
terl'eles of that Government? They first made the
a,,:."titnent so far as Poland was concerned, universal
oie absolute: The second article imposed the penalty
th death upon any person who should refuse to occupy
si Place under the Government, which might be as-
eneeTled to them The third compelled every person ca.
11." bearing arms, to assemble within twenty-four
4;ra after the manifesto of the national Government
the Put forth, and place themselves at the disposal of
And authorities of the place near which they resided,
treythe event of their not doing so, they were to be
erti tl as deserters, and punished as such. The fourth
theth'Ae, Punished with death all who did not submit
Pealleires to the revolutionary Government. The fifth
loets—eled with death also every person who should be-
of 't7se'ci 50y committee or society, without the sanction
eel," Government. The sixth, punished with death
trYu oPeraon who should destroy the signals of the coun-
S renterrupt any officer in the execution of that duty.
eisod° don. Member had spoken rather severely of the
Gullet of the Austrian Government in encouraging the
try e,jans to murder the landed proprietors of the coun-
freol But how did that matter stand ? It appeared
de-4 the statement of Mr. Magenis that upwards of
_
!ante:me from the Gallician peasantry waited upon
the striae re
polish Government, praying for assistance against
had 41 emigrants, and it was not until the landlords
Join -inet down some of the peasantry who had refused,. to
rose ill the insurrection, that the peasantry of Gallicia
deree self-defence against their persecutors and inur-
ket
uPwards of 600 of them. Well, did Prince
dread rnieh say that
the peasantry of Gallicia
teetited the restoration of the Polish Govern-
oppt: Which only reminded them of their former
sertee"i"e, and the time when they were nothing hut
ustr•while, under the favourable rule of the house o!
the 'a, they were nearly all proprietors of land. Was
rise ti", to be wondered at, that the Gallicians should
4lao 3 One man against the Polish emigrants? It had
;iris
breakil"n said that Austria had no just ground for
Cr ecurieg the treaty with Cracow. The Poles, or the
Austri -ass and Poles together, were the first to invade
ate, t ; they crossed the Vistula with a force of 5,000
Part c
ntand proceeded -to the salt mines—the richest
staed Austria—and he could not, therefore, under.
AuBt ttP°ll what argument it could be pretended that
the oit.ti,a, had no right to carry the war into the heart of
nat• iOnueeracow, and to treat her as a conquered
lte,sift, With respect to the pretence that Austria,
that 'Part °d Prussia, had no right to alter
Prised via'" of
the treaty of Vienna corn-
reeily re__2.the article relating to Cracow, he could
ew,esrieirloy.e...:lo.tuh,eoartghuments used on a former occasion by
ettott
tilige:riend the Member for Shrewsbury, and re-
at the articles relating to Cracow
den, 8 not
signed in chief by Great Britain, France, Swe-
lioyee:til, or Portugal. The law of nations,
"1404 amused treaties s far different light