The Sun.
London, England, 1841-11-17 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEINIBER 17, 1841-

PUBLICATIONS

Now ready, New Edition revised, with a New Preface, in
3 vols. post Bvo. bound, •
H E "STA G ET •
BOTH BEFORE atid BEHIND the CURTAIN."
By ALFRED BUNN, Esq.
" Abounds with amusing anecdotes and traits of character.
It is in other respects a highly valuable wo k."—The Times.
" One of the mo,,t amusing works which has issued front the
metropolitan press for many vears."—Observer.
Richard Bentley, New Burl;ngton-street.

TREATY OF NAVIGATION
TWEEN SAWINIA. AND ENGLAND.
We have received by express from Genoa the ori-
ginal text of the Treaty of Navigation concluded at
Turin on the of: September between the King of
Sardinia on the one hand, and the Queen of England
on the ether, the ratifications of which were exchanged
on the 6th instant, at Turin ;
Charlee Albert, by the grace of God King of Sar-
dinia, Cyprus, and Jerusaletn, Duke of Savoy, Genoa,
Monferrat, and Aoste, Prince of Piedmont, Marquis
of Italy, of Saluzzo, of Ceva, and Maro and of Savona,
Count of Maurienne, .Geneva, Nice, Tonde, Romont,
Asti, Alexandria, Goecan, Novare, Tortona, Vigevano,
and Robbie, Baron of Vaud and 'faussigny, Lord of
Vereeil, Vignerol, Tarantaise, and of the Valley of
Tesia, &c. &c.
To all those to whom these presents may concern,
greeting.
Having seen and examined the treaty of navigation
signed at Turin by virtue of our full powers, on the
sixth of September last, lay the Count Clement Solar
de la Marguerite, our
.Chief Secretary. of State for Fo-
reign Affairs, and by the Hon. R.lph Abercromby,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of
her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, also furnished with full
powers from his august Sovereign, the tenor of which
treaty was as Woes
" His Majesty the
,King of Sardinia and her Majesty
the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, wishing to
ameliorate, extend, and regulate the commercial rela-
tions between their respective countries and being de-
sirous of furnishing every facility and encouragement
for such of their respective subjects as are connected
by commercial communicetions, and being persuaded
that nothing could contribute in a greater degree to-
wards the attainment of this desirable object than the
reciprocal abrogation -ta.f,all the differential rights of
navigation, whatsoever.they may be, with respect to
the ships of each country when in ells ports of the
other, have appointed Plenipotentiaries to conclude a
trtaty to the following effect :
" His Majesty the King of Sardinis, the Count
Clement Solar de la ..Marguerite, Knight Grand Cor-
don of the religious and military Order of Saints
Maurice and Lozarc, Grand Cross of the Order of
Isabella of Spain and of Saint Gregory the Great,
Knight of the Order of Christ, Grand Cross of the
Orders of Merit, of Saint Joseph of Tuscany, and
Leopold of Belgium, Commander of the Order of the
Polar St it of S seden, his fir. t Secretary of St ate for
Foreign Affairs, State Notary, and Ireendant-General
of the Pos.-office.
" And her INlsjesty the Queen of the Unite.' King-
doms of Great Britain and Ireland and the Honour-
able R.lph Abereromby, her Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Pia nipotentiary at the Court of his Ma-
jesty the King of Sardinia, who, having exchange I their
tull powsrs, and having duly recognised them, hare
agreed to the ff hewing articles :
" Art. 1. Such S..rdluian ship as may arrive laden
in the ports of the United Kingdom of Gre It Britain
and Ireland, having sailed from the ports of Sardinia,
and reciprocally such British ships as may arrive laden
in the ports of Sardinia, sailhig from Great Britain, and
also such Sardinian or British ships as may arrive in
ballast from any voyage whatsover, in the ports of either
the one or the other of these two countries, shall be
treated at th sir entry, during their stay, and at their
goihg hut, on the same footing as the national ships in
all that -regards tonnage, freight, pilotage, quarantine,
lighthouses, signals, and such ether rights of navigation,
whatsoever they may be, which may in any way affect
shipning, which have been es,ablished in the name and
for the profit of the Government, of public functionaries,
of townships, or any other establishment whatsoever.
" Art. 2. In order to avoid any misunderstanding
which might arise with respect to the regulations for
establishing the nationality of shipping, it has been
agreed upon that shall be considered as Sardinian ships.
" All such ships as have either been built in the
States of his Majesty the King of Sardinia, or which,
}ravine been taken from the enemy by the ships of war
of his Majesty, or by any of his subjects who have been
furnished with letters of marque, shall have been regu-
larly declared as lawful prizes by one of the Admiralty
Courts of Sardinia, arid also all such ships as have been
condemned by any competent Court whatsover for in-
fraction of the slave-trade laws, provided they may be
navigated and registered according to the laws of the
aforesaid country, and provided they be the property of
one or more of the subjects of his Majesty the King of
Sardinia, and provided the captain and three-fourths of
the crew be Sardinian subjects.
" Also to ba considered as British ships, all such
ships as have been built in the States of her Majesty
the Queen of Great Britain, and all such ships as have
been taken from the enemy by the ships of war of her
Majesty, or by any of her subjects who may have been
provided with letters of marque from the Lords Com-
missioners of the Admiralty, may have been decl are.l
lawful prizes by any of the Admiralty Courts of her
Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, as well as all
such ships as have been condemned by any competent
Court whatsoever for infraction of the slave trade laws,
provided they be navigated and registered according to
the laws of Great Britain, and provided they be the
property of one or more subjects of her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain, and the captain and three-
fourths of the crew be English subjects.
" Art. 3. In all that concerns the placing of ships,
their loading and unloading in the ports, basins, road-
steads, or harbours of these two States, no privilege
shall be granted to the national ships of one country
which is not also granted to the ships of the other
country, it being the wish of the contracting parties
that the ships of each country be treated on a footing
of perfect reciprocity.
" Art. 4. The ships of either port may discharge the
whole or only part of their cargo, in any of the ports
of the States belonging to one or the other of the
high contracting parties, according as the captain, pro-
prieters, or any other such persons as may be duly
authorised in the port to represent the interests of the
°lacer of the ship or cargo, shall think fit, and may
then sail with the remainder of the cargo to any other
ort f the same State.
" Art. 5. Should it happen that any ship of war or
teacher t ship of one of the two State, be wrecked on
the coast of the other, such ship, or the wreck thereof,
the carps, riggirg, merchandise, and anything belong-
ing, thereto that may have been saved from the wreck,
or the product of the sale thereof, shall be restored to
the proprietors, or their authorised representatives at
tl eir &wind and provided none of these aforesaid
persons on on the spot, all the cargo, merchandise, &c.,
or the produce thereof, as well as all papers found on
board such ships, shalt he consigned to the Sardinian
or British Consul of the district in which the shipwreck
shall have taken place ; and no demand whatsoever
shall be made, either by the Consul, the proprietors, or
their representatives, beyond the payment of the legi-
tinsate expenses for the preservation of such property,
and the salvage dues, which would be levied under simi-
lar circumstances on the ships of either country.
" Art. 6. It is, moreover, expressly to be understood
that 'the preceding articles do not apply to the coasting
trade, which is an exclusive reservation by each of the
high contracting parties.
" Art. 7. Ail Sardinian ships sailing to the ports of
the isle of Malta or Gibraltar, shall enjoy all the advan-
tages nhich are insured to them by virtue of this pre-
sent convention, in the United Kingdom of Great Bri-
tain and Ireland ; and reciprocally all British ships
sailing from the ports of Malta and Gibraltar shall
e: joy in the ports of his Majesty the King of Sar-
dinia the same advantages as are accorded to ships
sailing from the United K ngdom of Urreat Britain and
Ireland.
" Art. 8. This prc;ent convention shall continue in
operation during ten years, to commence from the date
of the exchange of ratifications, and beyond this term
until the expiration of twelve months, at the end of
which period either of the high contracting Powers may
announce its secession therefrom, each of the two parties
reserving to itself the right of declaring such intention at
the expiration of the ten years.
Art. 9. The ratifications of this present convention
shell be exchanged at Turin within the space of six
months from the date of the signature, or sooner if
possible.
Ia virtue of which we, the Plenipotentiaries, hay©
signed the duplicate copies of this convention, and have
affixed thereto the seals of our arms.
" Given at Turin, this sixth of September, 1841.
(Signed) " SOLAR DE LA MARGUERITE.
RALPH ABERCROMBY.
we having given our adhesion to this treaty of
navigation, do declare that, inasmuch as it concerns
oureelves, as well as our heirs and successors, that
it is accepted, approved, ratified, and confirmed, by
these presents. We accept it, approve it, ratify it,
and confirm it, giving our faith and word of a King
that we will respect, and cause to be respected, all and
each of its separate articles. In faith and testimony of
which we have signed with our hand these presents,
and have caused them to be countersigned by the
Chevalier 'Doi ee Bioret, Knight of our Order of
, Commander of the Order
Saints Maurice and Lam-
of Merit, of Saint Joseph of Tuscany, of the Order
of Saint Gregory the Great of Rime, Knight of the
Order of the Polar Star of Sweden, Lieutenant-Colonel
of Cavalry, our Chief Officer for the Administration of
Foreign Affairs, and have caused our Grand Royal Sea
to be affixed thereto.
" Given at Turin this 16th of the month of October, in
the seer of Grace one thousand eight hundred and
forty. one, and the eleventh year of our reign.
(Signed) CHARLES ALBERT.
DE I3UTRET.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE DAILY rAritßs OF YESTERDAY.

GLOBE.—We are quite aware that the question of
capital punishments cannot be tranchee on either side ;
and in the few observations we made yesterday on a
murderer's executine, we did not of course imagine that
we ha I exhausted or settled that question. Some of
our Contemporaries appear more confident of their '
power to demolish conclusively the views which are
opposite to their own. We shall be very happy to
be demolished, as soon as our friends can do the bus-
fleas. We are far from having any preddiction for
capital punishments, any more than for amputation!,
or whatever may be most painful to feel or witnees.
Let it be shown too we repeat, that they do not strike
the highest terrors of the law, and impress upon coarser
minds the highest sense of the abhorrence of society
against those crimes of violence which are most hostile
to its peace and existence, and our disposition to regard
death punishments as appropriate even to those crimes
will cease. Our Contemporaries are exceedingly confident
t hat a very short process does show this.Tney must permit
us, however, to tell them that their reasoning is more curt
than close, and that though we are exceedingly willing
to be convinced that the doom of death isunnecessary,and
that the social power and determination can be made
as sensible by unseen punishments, we are not yet cot-
vincel of it by any arguments they have put forward.
Still we admit that it is not a question to be pe-
remptorily dismissed and disposed of; and it is not so
much any desire on our part to force conviction upon
others, as a strong repugnance to submit to that opera-
tion ourselves, on such very loose grounds as those for
the most part alleged by the opponents of all death
punishment, that induces us to state the views which
appear so obnoxious to their sentiments. And in tl.e
first place, sentiment is an excellent thing ; but it
ought to carry some equity with it. "It is fashionable
lately," observes a New York Contemporary. " to affect
great tenderness for the lives of individuals,' and it is,
we acknowledge, a very proper feeling, and one that
should not fail of being cherished ; but how does it re-
concile its acts in the modern mode of its exercise ? If
it be so praiseworthy to watch with such vigilance over
the life of him who murders, why should it forget its
sympathy for the friends of the murdered ? How come)
it to overlook the right of the community ?"
STANDARD.—We copy the fol:owing curious no-
tice to correspondents from the Limerick Reporter, a
vary ably conducted Romanist Radical paper :—" Ap-
plications for places under Government cannot succeed
without some Member of Parliament takes the matter
up in earnest, or there happens to be strong private in-
fluence with one of the Lords of the Treasury." We
should be pleased could we treat this notice, which is a
grate and bona fide advice, as an intimation of the spirit
in which the late Irish Government was administered, and
net is idastrating a national characteristic.We are however
bound to confess in ca :dour, that the appetite for " a
place under Government " is not confined to any party in
Ireland. We have lately had disgusting testimony to the
prevalence of that appetite among men and parties who
ought to be ashamed of it. If we were to conclude from
whet we have seen in even some of the most respectable
of the Dublin papers of the last week, the only object of
political exertion in Ireland is to provide places for leaders
and friends. The greatest offence that can be committed
against a party, is the neglect of its favourites in the
distribution of patronage. And what makes the matter
worse is, that they who profess most indignation at such
neglect, are the very same who jtedified, upon grounds
of party conven;ence, the surrender of political power,
and the spoliation of political rights. They who,
against his will, vindicate angrily the supposed
clai:ns of the representative of Dublin city to a place,
and threaten the dissolution of the Conservative
party as the effect of overlooking his claims, are the
very same parties who denounced as " impracticable
ultras," and " sordid jobbers," the defenders of the
vested rights of the Protestant corporation—so much
more precious in their eyes are pieces than
principle. We confess that we cannot compare the
conduct pursued on the two occasions—the coldness,
and even hostility, with which the rights of the hum-
ble Conservatarss were abandoned, with the eager fury
displayed in urging the mere expectation of a Consesa-
tive of rathipa high rank, without a sense of pain and a
feeling far removed from respect ; the importance at-
tached to place is further disgraced, if possible, by the
base disposition to tuft-hunting. The Irish Conservatives
must divest themselves of both these unworthy attributes,
if they would be worthy of their English brethren,
or hold the station they ought to hold in their
own country. W.th us principles are ever}thing,
pl.ce nothipg. Nobody thirks that Mr. Nl:stern-an
ought to be Chancellor of tire Exchequer because
he cov.tested tl.e capital of the empire success-
fully upon the Conservative interest, though we are
all fully convinced of Mr. Masternian's quelifica-
t'ons for any high financial office. C iptain Rotes,
who drove the Radical candidate from Westminster
so gloriously, is still Captain Rous, not Admiral of
the flet, and we are not aware that he has even got
a ship to reward his aehievements upon the hustings.
We might add fifty proofs that in England we think
the honour of representing a great constituency
quite sufficient reward in itself aye, even the
honour of making, though unsuccessfully, a good
tight in a great constituency, a distinction suffi-
ciently enviable to preclude any other remunerae
tion. Our Irish brethren must come to this
same conviction if they would be honestly served
by their representatives. If they send men to Par-
liament as the portal of place, they may be sure that
the majority of their representatives will forget them
in the eagerness of bargain making, and they will be
rerreserted as they have been. We can say nettling
worse of their prospects ; for it is our conviction that if
an Irish place bill, excluding all Irish representatives
from office, at the time and for the future, had been in
operation during the last twenty years, not one of the
measures which Irish Conservatives most regret would
ever have passed through Parliament.
COURIER.—We adverted lately to the opposition
given in the Presbytery of Irvine to the presentee of the
Duke of Portland to the benefice of Kilmarnock. The
attempt to veto this gentleman having failed, an objez-
tion to his induction, under his Grace's nomination, was
offered, on the ground that he had officiated for one of
the ministers of Strathbogie since the deposition of that
minister by the General Assembly; and time was taken
by the Presbytery to consider this objection. It was
found, we suppose, a rather hazadous step to refuse in-
duction to a benefice, because the person legally pre-
sented had countenanced those who had obeyed the law,
and whose deposition for this cffsnce by the Assembly
had been suspended by the Court of Session ; and
accordingly, this objection, it appears, was departed
from, and the nominee of the Duke has been re.
fused induction to the benefice, because, in the opi-
nion of a majority of the Presbytery of Irvine " it is
not for edification" that he should be inducted !
Why or wherefore it is not for edification " the
deponents," as we understand, " say not !" Now,
our readers must know, that in what the Kirk has here
done in regard to the Duke of Portland's nominee,
she is exercising what Dr. Chalmers, in his letter to
Lord Aberdeen, calls her " liberunz arbitrium"—a
power, which, if she really poisesses under the law of
Scotland, transfers every living to herself, and utterly
annihilates the rights of patrons. We only wonder that,
with such a power in her hands, she should have ever
thought of a veto law. But we marvel still more at her
ralacity, inasmuch as, in this particular case, (and she
may in any case), she has annihilated the privileges of
the people! the majority of male beads of families
under the veto, being in favour of the Duke's presen-
tee, and all spcc'al objections to him by other parties
having been withdrawn 1 In the meantime, while one
Presbytery in the south of Scotland is exercising
this liherum arbitrium to " keep out" the popular
minister, another Presbytery in the north—that of
Garioch—has employed it to " put in" the unpopular!
In this last case, to which we referred in our paper of
the sth instant, we are told sceaes of the most disorderly
and disgraceful nature took place—the members of the
Presbytery requiring the protection of the Procurator-
Fiscal in the discharge of their duty ; and even with
his assistance unable to conduct the usual divine service
in the Church. We imagine Lord Aberdeen himself
has by this time become satisfied that nothing but a re-
p they were dialed
ipnetlifiti9o3n, ocfan" prruht et
bRi nagbsb tliongrigAtictstsin"