The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-23 00:00:00

Price FORTY SHILLINGS.

lIIAMOND OIL LAMP. NEW LIGHT.
The Diamond Lamp is the best light in the world—is used in
all the palaces in Europe—is free from all the imperfections of ordi-
nary oil lamps—so simple it cannot be mismanaged—no cleaning re-
quired for years. The Diamond Lamp is perfection in Light—the
public will have none other. Designs suited to the cottage, and so
on to the mansion of the nobleman.
To be had only, and all the New Lights are burning continually, at
the Establishment of the Metropolitan Light Company, RICHARD
CLARK, Resident Manager, 447, Strand, London, and of the Com-
pany's Agents in every Town in the Kingdom.

PATENT CANDLE Sr CAMPHINE LAMPS.
The literally largest as well as choicest assortment of PAL-
MER'S MAGNUM and other CANDLESTICKS ; Camphine, Ar-
gand, and Solar LAMPS, with all the latest improvements, and of
the newest and most recherche patterns, in ormolu, Bohemian, and
plats glass, or papier mache, in existence, is at WILLIAM S. BUR-
TON'S (late RIPPON and BURTON'S), where all the seasonable no-
velties are now selling at from 20 to 30 per cent. under any house
with whom quality and style are considerations. Palmer's patent
Candle (marked " Palmer ") id. per lb., English's Camphine, in
seged cans, ss. per gallon. The money returned for every article
not -approved of. Detailed catalogues with engravings sent (per
post) free.
NOVELTY in FRENCH CORNICES, from Ils.
A most .varied and beautiful assortment of these elegant
PARISIAN NOVELTIES, wkich threaten entirely to supersede all
of British manufacture, from I Is. and upwards, complete for any
ordinary window (if inlaid with velvet of any colour about 15s. each
extra), is now on SALE at WILLIAM S. BURTON'S (late RIP-
PON and BURTON'S), 39, Oxford-street, corner of Newman-street.
Detailed catalogues, with engravings, as well as of every iron-
mongery article, sent (per post) free.
WILLIAM S. BURTON'S (late RIPPON and BURTON'S) Stock
of general Furnishing Ironmongery is literally the largest in the
world, and as no language can be employed to give a correct idea of
its variety and extent, purchasers are invited to call and inspect it,
—Established in Well-street, 1820.
T 0 MR.

PROUT, 229, STRAND.
" No. 208, Piccadilly, October 19, 1847.
Sir,—lt is now three and a half years since I was sorely afflicted
with Rheumatic Gout, the suffering from which induced rue to try
all the proposed remedies that extensive medical experience could
devise, without obtaining any satisfactory relief from pain. Dining
one of the paroxysms a friend advised me to try BLAIR'S GOUT
and RHEUMATIC PILLS, observing that he had in some severe
cases takeu them himself, and they proved very successful. I in-
stantly adopted his advice, and to my joy the excruciating torment
soon began to abate, and a few boxes restored me to health, since
which I have bad no return of the complaint.
" I trust you will give publicity to my case, that suffering humanity
may know how to obtain a remedy for this distressing disease.
" I am, Sir, your obedient humble servant,
" MICHAEL NAYSMITII."
The above testimonial is a further proof of the efficacy of Blair's
Gout and Rheumatic I'ills, which afford speedy relief to those afflicted
with gout, rheumatism, lumbago, sciatica, tic dolorcux, pains in the
head and face, and an analogous complaints.

Sold by Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London, and most respect-
able Medicine Vendors. Observe the name and address of " Thomas
Prout, 229, Strand, London," in the Government Stamp.

A A E.
31[ One half the world are desolately single, and the ether
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, er a
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
bitter the latter. Thu solitary one.may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
comprosing hurry; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
and social content. The dowry should not be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and justicedensand that health should form an item
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er
neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
MEMOIRS 'On Single and Married Life, " pub. In 2 volt Is
each (by post, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let n• imaginati'vely. refined, er prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
by misinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle cariosity, but
for the closet perusal of those more deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
together, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
little publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " llow to be Happy." They are not merely
pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
iffe, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
on the " sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet •street ; Mann,
39, Cornhill ; Nalson, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other-
wise) from the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings and evenings), 10, Argyll-plaeo Regent-street; aid all
Booksellers.

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS' GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and
ex-
cessive indulgence, decayinfection, and of t the
the inordinate
generativeiaord n atesyassteemof,
.freornicaerxy:
qualifications. Illustrated' andl 26thceoimoaeraednsEoingi.obavyliaatgins.g cßerytalitn.
adaisd-
with remarks on Marriage
Published by the Authors : srers-stroet, Oxford-street, London.
L. PERRY and CO., 19,
150,
Oxford-street
Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ;
Hannay, 63, and Sanger, olr4d-street ; Starie, 23, Titehborne-
street, Haymarket ; and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street.
Six Coloureda Engravings.
physiology of the re-productive
PART I. treats of the anatomy'
organs, and is illustrated by
resulting from excessive incinl-
asystem, producing mental
PART 11. treats of the consequeue
gene*, and their lamentable effects on
and bodily weakness, nervous excitementsgrndigenerative incapacity.
eEdxipsalaanseastorraysaEltnia
garronmegasinlAction, either in
I t
ii:Aiallru
Treatssitiria.tedl T
of the
the primary or secondary form, and contains
their treatment. The consequences of early neglecti' aeatddirections for
of the abase
of mercury, are also clearly pointed out. This tt
see on is illustrated
by Seventeen Coloured Engravings.
PART IV. Treats of Perry's Preventative Lotion, by the use of
which the dangers of infection are obviated. It combines witlstbe
virus chemically, and destroys its power on the system.
PART T. Is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
duties, The causes of unproductive union, are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
THE CORDIAL BALM OF STRIACIIM is exclusively employed I.
treat-
ing nervous and sexual debility, impotence, Ste., lls. and 335. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remeey, for pnrifying the blood in cases of infectio.and n, secondary
er bott symle.
p-
toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, lls. 335. p
Perry's Purifying Specific I'ills, 2s. 11., 4s. 6d., and 1 is. per box, a
certain remedy in gonorrhcea,gleet, strictures, and chronic inflamma-
tion of the bladder. Perry's Preventative Lotion, an application to
obviate the danger of infection, 335. a bottle. Consultation fee, if
by letter, 1/. 51. Packets with advice to be had at the Establishment
onl, by which the fee, 1/., is Saved. Attendance daily at 19, Ber-
nerys.st reet, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Eight ; On Sundays
from Eleven to Que.

ARRIVAL AT MALTA OF
IBRAHIM PACHA.
On the afternoon of the 13th of October the Caire,
French steam-packet, entered the quarantine har-
bour of Malta, with the Egyptian standard flying,
and soon after coming to an anchor it was ascertained
to have been hoisted in honour of his Highness Ibra-
him Pacha, the Generalissimo of the Egyptian army,
who, owing to ill-health, had, by his medical adviser,
Dr. Franc, been ordered a sea voyage, and so alarming
did his case appear, that although he only reached
Alexandria on the 7th at noon, weak and fatigued as he
was, he embarked ou board the Caire on the 9th, at
nine A.M., and she took her departure at four P.M. on
the 10th, in lieu of her remaining until the usual
hour of seven A.M. on the 11th, an arrangement
which the French would have it believed was come
to out of regard to the precarious state of the illus •
trious traveller, though in reality done to secure the
passage money of his Highness and his suite of
fourteen individuals, who no doubt would have pre-
ferred the Peninsular and Oriental Company's noble
steam-ship the Hindostan (a far more desirable con-
veyance), had they been certain that the India mails
were so close at hand as to allow the latter to follow
so soon after the Caire.
From Alexandria it is stated that his Highness
suffers from a disarrangement of the digestive organs,
but we learn that he had been troubled on board by
dysentery, which, though at first was very violent,
has so much subsided, that his Highness has almost
resolved to give up his intention of proceeding on-
wards to Naples, and to return, after receiving pra-
tique at Malta, to Alexandria.
The sudden departure of his Highness on the very
day of an annular eclipse of the sun, a phenomenon
always looked upon with awe by the astrologers of
Egypt, added to the unusual high rise of the Nile
on the two days preceding, had given rise to innume-
rable predictions and forebodings, some of which are
of a very gloomy character.

SOCIETY ISLANDS, SOUTH
PACIFIC.
Letters have been received announcing the official
declaration of the independence of the Society (or
Leeward) Islands. The following is an extract from
a letter, dated Borabora, May 17
" I am happy to inform you that 'the people of Bora-
bora are at length assured, of the independence of this
island, and of all the Leeward group.
"Her Britannic Majesty's ship. Grampus, Captain
H. B. Martin, arrived here on the 4th of this month,
and she is still at anchor in the harbour.
"On Saturday, the 15th inst., the French steamer
Gassendi brought back the native adherents of the
French from Otaheite. They were allowed to land
in peace, and are now repairing to their respective
localities in the settlement to rebuild their houses.
" The steamer brought official documents from
Admiral Sir G. Seymour, conveying the final deci-
sion of the French and English Governments. Our
chief, Tapoa, who accompanied Pomare to Otaheite,
is still there, but is expected to return shortly to his
own land.

" I send annexed the copy of a letter written by
the chiefs to Captain Martin, on receiving the above
documents, and his reply :
"c TO CAPTAIN MARTIN, OF lIER BRITANNIC
MAJESTY'S SHIP GRAMPUS.

" Borabora, May 12.
" Peace be to you from the True God.
" This is what we have to say to you : It has
frequently been reported here that our lands will
become independent, and not be included in the Pro-
tectorate. With these reports we are much pleased,
rejoicing in the thought that we shall not be under
the Protectorate.

" We now think that if our independence is ob-
tained we shall be left to ourselves. And this is what
we wish—that Britain should protect us, our country,
our people, and our religion, that we may not in future
be troubled. We are afraid of any other powerful
kingdom, and on that account we desire you to come
and protect us for ever.'
" This letter was signed by the Regent on behalf of
Tapoa, and by all the principal chiefs.
" The following is the reply of Captain Martin :
" ' Her Britannic Majesty's ship Grampus.
" ' TO TERIIMAEVARUA, AND THE CHIEFS TEVIVI,
HAAPOUA, TIANOA,TAEAETUA, PA, MARE, HURIAI,
RAITABU, TEHUIARII, REO, 13UTOI.
" Borabora, May 14.

" Peace be to you.
" I have received your letter of the 12th of May,
and this is what I have to say to you in reply :
" It gives me great satisfaction to relieve the
anxiety with which you have so long and so patiently
waited for the decision of the Governments of Eng-
land and France respecting the independence of Bora-
bora and the neighbouring islands.

" lam now able to communicate to you that your
complete independence will be acknowledged.
" In order that you may live in peace, you must
norno t
mustc onc e ryn yo
nyourselvesy
owu irtshe tyhe e affairs s
nor
yourof
peopleO t ah e i tteo,
excite the Otaheiteans to rebel against the Protectorate.
Thus you will, I trust, continue on friendly terms
with the French, as with other nations.
"‘ England will not forsake you. She will watch
with interest your improvement and progressive ad-
vance towards civilization ; and the English Admiral
will send his ships to visit you as often as their other
duties will permit.
" In conclusion, I advise you to cultivate your
lands, to educate your children, and to strive by
honesty, industry, and sobriety, and by a steady ad-
herence to the religious truths which the missionaries
have taught you, to improve the moral and social
condition of yourselves and your people.
"I am, your sincere friend,
" ' 13. B MARTIN.'
" This letter, as might be expected, gave much
pleasure and satisfaction to the people, and has, I
hope, filled them with joy and gratitude,
" Those who went over to the French are again
the subjects of Tapoa, and will, we trust, in future
live in peace, and in the observance of the laws of the
country. They all attended chapel yesterday, with
their children, about 100 in number, and, perhaps, a
ninth or tenth of the whole population. After being
landed, the French authorities gave up all claim to
he island."

The Observer of Sunday, October 24, will give the
fullest particulars of the state of the Money Market, the
Funds, Failures, and all Commercial Matters connected
with Monetary Affairs. The Observers of Sunday, Oct.
10 and 17, which together, contained sixteen folio co-
lumns of city, commercial intelligence, revenue tables,
&c., have been twice reprinted, and copies of either can
be had at the office, 170, Strand, all this month of Oc-
tober. Price of the Observer, 6d.
ACCIDENTS ON THE BERWICK RAILWAY.—On
Wednesday last, an accident occurred at the station of
the Newcastle and Berwick Railway, at Tweedmouth,
which might have occasioned a serious loss of life. The
train which leaves Newcastle at half-past two o'clock in
the afternoon, arrived at the terminus about half-past
five, and whilst the guards and porters were collecting
the tickets, an engine which is used for removing car-
riages, &c., at the station, called the Pilot engine, run
into the train with fearful violence, and the consequence
was that some of the carriages were more or less broken,
and the passengers thrown together with such force that
ten or twelve of them received severe bruises and
wounds, but fortunately no bones were broken. One
gentleman was much cut about the head, and was re-
moved to the King's Arms Inn, Berwick, when two
pieces of plate glass were extracted from the wounds ; he
was able to proceed accompanied by a surgeon. A lady
was also much cut and bruised about the face, and had
to remain all night ; but it is not expected that any
serious result will follow. The greatest attention was
paid to those who suffered by the station-master, Captain
Bell, who immediately procured medical assistance. On
Wednesday morning, a man lost his life at the railway
works at Berwick, whilst employed in excavatimg earth,
which, being undermined, fell upon him and crushed him
to death on the spot.
MESSRS. LITTLEDALE AND CO. SUCCESSFUL.—The
express train from London has just arrived, bringing the
gratifying intelligence that the Bank of England have
agreed to assist Messrs. Littledale and Co. in their
present emergency. The reply to all inquiries was,
" They have granted all that was required." This
is very satisfactory, and will go far in esta-
blishing confidence. Those who were present
at the railway station, and saw the intense anxiety
depicted upon the countenances of the large num-
ber of gentlemen deeply interested in bank and mer-
cantile affairs of this town, who were anxiously waiting
the arrival of the train can only judge of the relief which
this news appeared to give them. It was rumoured that
the Bank of England had assisted the Messrs. Littledale
withdine ri: to(a ln,
odd oo atninl
to-day,
dhCine ss
had
all sdd,
a%bt,h,794,
en iaas
tpt
ot,hs
heedi
eclose
imoc
err
.i the market
was
Littledaleun
arrived by the train.—Liverpool Mercury.
The Hon. E. K. Coke, M.P was entertained at
%V
dinner at Holt, on eda( .l
day, by his friends and sup
porters, to congratulate him on his return for the western
division of the county.

THE CURRENCY.
Mr. Muntz, M.P. for Birmingham, has addressed
the following letter to the Editor of the Times:—
Sir, —I can ill afford the time necessary to address
you respecting the subject of your article upon the
most favoured locality of this empire, but I feel that
I should neglect my duty both to my constituents
and to myself if I allowed:such a jumble of misin-
formation and misrepresentation to pass unnoticed.
As you say, Birmingham and the eastern part of its
environs may have some little advantage from being
represented by Mr. Scholefield, Mr. Spooner, Mr.
Newdegate, and myself; but certainly none of us
represent any part of the iron trade, and our consti-
tuents are not only very few of them interested in
the making of railways, or the various articles used
in working them, but they have, during the last four
years, been seriously injured in their general trades,
and still continue to be so, prejudiced by the high rate
of wages which the railway demand for labour in
Staffordshire has enabled mechanics to maintain in
Birmingham. I any willing to admit, that during
the late war the injury which that war generally
produced throughout the country was much neutra-
lised in Birmingham by the large expenditure of the
Government in arms and other necessaries' lA* war ;
and certainly the visitation of the cholera to all of
the populous parts of the kingdom, excepting Bir-
mingham, appeared to be a special interposition.
The reason is, however, very evident. The
town and immediate neighbourhood have scarcely
a flat piece of ground in them. An undulating
surface, founded upon red sandstone and graikl, and
therefore drained by nature far better this* most
places are by art, and higher above the level.of the
sea than almost any place in England, must naturally
be freer from cholera and other epidemics than other
localities. Besides this, the almost universal plan in
Birmingham, of each family having a house to them-
selves, adds greatly to the cleanliness, morality, and
health of the place. But, Sir, Birmingham is more
favoured than most of our other manufacturing towns,
by having its population employed in a great variety
of trades, so that it rarely happens that all are de-
pressed' together. The variety of trades produce
variety of ideas, and therefore each mechanic helps to
enlighten his neighbour. The workmen of Birming-
ham are not confined in rooms at a temperature of
eighty or ninety degrees, without change of air ;
they work very hard, and come in contact with much
fire, smoke, and noise, which have made them, with
both hard hands: and hard heads, as careless and as
few inquiries as to
In
fearless of the thunder of Printing-house-square as of
the still more empty emanations of Downing-street.
tlhte lisoevident yn
d you have
of
made very
and that youer
have lent yourself to the general opinion, that the in-
habitants are more interested in the construction of
railways than those of most other places where com-
panies are formed and shares are held ; and you
assume, therefore, that the inhabitants oppose your
view, that railroads are the main cause of the present '
pressure and extensive ruin.

Never was a greater error committed by any paper.
There is scarcely a person connected with the iron
trade who resides either in the borough of Birming-
ham or in the district of North Warwickshire. The
iron works are all in Staffordshire, of which no part
enters the borough of Birmingham; and, strange to
say, but not less true than strange, there never was
one locomotive engine made in the borough of Bir-
mingham, and, until very lately not one car-
riage. On the other hand, such has been the
injury to the general trades of Birmingham,
from the high wages consequent upon the de-
mand for labour in the neighbouring districts--
which additional charge for labour the manufacturers
were unable to add to their selling prices, in conse-
quence of foreign competition—that scarcely a trade
bears such a profit as covers_general expenses and risk
of bad debts. Yet it is very lately that the increase
of wages, and the consequent consumption of imports
and produce, caused entirely by the railway specu-
lations, have been boasted of by Ministers, who then
declared, as I know to be most true, that there had
been no overtrading, and commerce was never in so
sound a state. The supposition that the capital em-
barked in railways is the principal cause of
the present monetary pressure, is nearly groundless.
If the outlay was in threign railways, or the mate-
rials used were principally imported, the case would
be different. Now the expenditure is home labour,
and English materials and productions ; and although
some indiscreet persons may have suffered from spe-
culation, others have gained, which would leave the
nation as rich as before. The only way in which the
railway speculation has affected the country has been,
as I before stated, by raising wages above the usual
level, and by causing an increased import of foreign
produce, which our present monetary
system cannot
bear.

My opinion about tahret9rrulaeiiteslway system is not at all
aonfd
anlyam
governed by interested motives. I have not any rail-
mw aayn
usfhaaert rail-
shares, e
am, on the contraryt,h
pay, which causes mesri usedunco nonnecrtaeidlwwaiyths. thel
seriously injured by the high
wages which I am,
ao u
lgohs s 0 f a
railway work, obliged to
take, in supposing that Sir, having
corrected your
mis-
take, large sum per
annum. And now,
e majority of the inhabitants
were immediately
leinterested in the construction of
Pd
railways, I cannot guilty to your general charge
of propounding an ninconvertible paper currency. I
sa
am not prepared to that it is impossible to have
an inconvertible paperyeurrency so regulated as to
have all the soundness and solidity of a currency
convertible upon demand
into the precious metals ;
but certainly I have
never yet learned how the
sufficient, insufficient/ or excessive quantity of
such inconvertible paper could be ascertained.
Under such circumstances, and yet convinced that
the present monetaruntenable
„/ I have always, y
system is equally unjust and
cated sucn an alterarays, for thirty-two years, advo-
the bank notes are red" in
the value of gold at which
to all classes and to all interests
as shall be equally just
I shall yet live to see s interests ; and I am confident
worse carried into effeucch change, or something much
all the philosophers, t.
The claptrap argument of
alter the yard, or thatfoot
it is as just and necessary to
value, may satisfy those measure, as the standard of
think for themselves , e superficial persons.who never
know tad,
but yard butand foot
those who will think and
so altered, but that the standard measure never have been
tually altered from 1785 standard of value was vir-
tually
from 1797
stead of suspending tothe 1815, will also see that, if in-
altered our measures f o standard of value we had
period we had more for twenty years, during which
debt, it would have b an trebled our rental and our
the old measures as itee. n as impossible to return to
our old standard of val IS now impossible to return to
ounce. I may herebue of gold at 3/. 17s. 100. per
common resources _ , Y
.caution you against the
"i philosophers and bullionists
when any man advocates
standard—which is an alteration of the
what he owes. in thatm he wants to avoid paying
larger amount owing
toy ease I have always a far
maintain that the effects meor than by me ; yet, as I
not half carried out, and
will the present system are
of all property, produce, and labourt be, until the prices
average prices of 1785 to 1790 are reduced to the
an alteration of the standard, 'nj am, in advocating
loss, but an indirect loss of somoet incurring a direct
shall certainly obtain by reductiotr' which I
present system can be carried out.of prices if the
with your correspondent, " Spectator,'l quite agree
Chancellor of the Exchequer, that no .which means
be done for the public than the Bank more can
under the present system. At the r is now doing,
present standard
only a certain amount of paper canP
be circulated,
whether wanted or not, or whatever ruin
I also am aware that the 1844 Bill is is produced.
quite
if the 1819 Bill and 3/. 17s. 114 d. stand
ite necessary
ard be con-
tinued ; the former Bill is absolutely necessary in
such case to prevent those vacillations in the conduct
of the Bank, and those depreciations and appreciations
in the circulation, which were constantly
between 1819 and 1844. Had the 1819 occurring
been properly worked, by keeping half the
Bill
amount of the paper in circulation in bullion
in
the Bank, without allowing any material deviation
in the amount, the 1844 Bill would not have been
wanted, and is now only useful to ensure
result. Agreeing so far with " Spectator," I am
such
quite at issue with him as to the quantity of
money
now in circulation being enough for the wants of
the country, and opposed to his argumentthat, be-
cause the same amount of notes sufficed at another
time, it should do so now. An increase in prices, or
the extent of transaction, or the discounting only
short-dated paper, will have the same effect in ren-
dering money scarce as a reduction in the amount
issued; and when confidence is once lost,
and the
system will not allow of anything being done to
re-
store it, every individual who bas the power to do so,
by keeping an extra amount of money at command,
impoverishes the whole community. " Spectator"
says, the reign of reason must not be altogether sus-
pended ; that improper monetary and banking re-
strictions are not a prominent cause of the present
difficulties ; that overtrading is the cause, aided by
fictitious credit and railroad enterprise ; and that
tampering with the currency will only increase the
distress.
I say, on the contrary, that nearly the
whole of the mischief arises from an unsound, unjust,
ignorant, and unnatural monetary system, instituted
by men who knew nothing of the subject; that
t here has been no overtrading i that the
railroads

would have done no harm if the system of money
had been sound ; that there has been nothing
but tampering with the currency since 1814 ; but
what has been called legislation upon it would disgrace
a schoolboy; and that, until the system is honestly
revised, and entirely altered, there will be no lasting
prosperity in England. And now, I ask you, who
ought to be believed in preference—a series of Go-
vernments, who for thirty-five years of contined
peace have governed the country on a system which
has added to her national debt, and at repeated periods
brought her to a comparative state of ruin—who
have during that time, and to support that system,
enacted poor-laws, truck-laws, corn-laws, and bank-
, laws, all impolitic, iniquitous, and unjust—whose
every new plan was to be a cure, and whose every
new plan failed; or a number of disinterested men,
who have as repeatedly said that the Government
plans were unsound, and would not succeed, and who
now say that the remedy is easy, and the cure may
be made permanent, and the principle of cure be a
just one ? Of course no one will admit, if they can
avoid it, that anything good can come from Birming-
ham. Nevertheless, the empire is indebted to my
native town for niany useful and valuable discoveries,
not to say anything of my own yellow sheathing,
about which I was so much ridiculed and abused at
first by all classes, and all interests and professions,
but which the nation now saves about 200,000/. per
annum by the use of.
It appears fearful odds to be opposed by the Times,
the Government, the philosophers, Sir R. Peel, and
the money-holders; but no odds are important when
one is acting in accordance with the principles of
nature. It is only a question of time, and success is
inevitably certain. Whether the 3/. 17s. 10d.
standard is partially got rid of by a heavy property-
tax in exchange for indirect taxation, or by any other
insidious plan, it must and will be got rid of. The
other classes will not allow the money class to mono-
polise all their property, produce, profits, and labour,
long without remuneration ; and, in spite of all op •
posi
mtione,n of Bthenairtminh
ionwiallm watlearse long before the resttconfessthatthe o
prac-
ticalf
the people in discovering that the great cause of the
distress and misery of the last thirty-five yeitrs was
attributable to an ignorant, vicious, and unjust legis-
lation upon the monetary system of the empire. You
say that any change in the currency will only be
robbing Peter to pay Paul, but you are
wrong. A proper change in the monetary
system would only prevent Peter from con-
tinuing to rob Paul, as he has been doing for the
last thirty years. If you could show them that all
31. l
pricess I.laidord., colmamhoodualdtedimtmheamdisaetlevleys
atodmthiet
yourstandardof
posi-
tion ; but the far greater proportion of prices have
still to be greatly reduced before they will be in ac
cordance with that standard. A nominal convertibi

ty of bank-notes is not a real convertibility, and
here has been the deception. It is very easy to effect
convertibility when none, or few, want to convert;
but, whenever circumstances make general converti-
bilityp pofr otahceh wretchedness, t c ehden
pressureess, mise misery, ,
nowan d ruin
great,cover
but
pos-
sibly it may be temporarily postponed ; but the present
itt ise tnaong to what we shall yet feel, although cae
nothing
Money Laws will not be carried into full effect until
the value of land, the value of landed produce, and the
value of labour connected with them, are reduced to
the level of 1785. Then, when farmers are ruining,
mortgagees foreclosing, land uncultivated, and both
agricultural and mechanical labourers unemployed,
with the tax-collector clearing away all the existing
profits, you may rejoice in your healthy standard of
31. 17s. 101 d. And now, Sir, I may as well give you
my remedy, as proposed in 1840 to the Commit-
tee upon Banks of Issue, the efficiency and justice
of which the events of the last seven years have
mournfully convinced me. The first and indispen-
sable step is a suspension of cash payments, whilst
the subject is debated and arranged. The second,
an entire separation between the Bank of England
and the Government. The third, taking out of the
hands of the Bank the management of the circulation
of the country, and giving it to a national bank,
managed by commissioners appointed by, and respon-
sible to, Parliament, which bank should issue notes
which should be a legal tender, and in which all other
banks should pay their notes on demand. The fourth,
empowering such commissioners to issue their notes
very gradually, to such extent as should eventually
raise all prices which have fallen, and with them gold
and silver, until silver was 7s. 6d. per ounce, which
would keep wheat at an average price of 7s. 6d. per
bushel, and all other prices in due ratio. And when
such price of 7s. 6d. should have been obtained, the
national bank should at all times receive silver at
7s. 6d. against their notes, and pay the notes on de-
mand in silver at 7s. 6d. per ounce.
The above proposal will be a fine field of cavil for
the philosophers, bullionists, and the press; in the
meantime I have only to say, that I would most
willingly undertake by the above plan to relieve, im-
prove, and entirely restore the country to permanent
prosperity, with satisfaction to all interests, all classes,
and all parties, subject to any forfeiture, even were it
loss of life.—Yours, respectfully,

G. F. MUNTZ.
Ley Hall, near Birmingham, Oct. 18.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlB,—Let the Bank of kniitincf issue ten millions
of Government one pound notes, which notes should
be payable for duty at every custom-house through-
outß England
Oct.lan 2
dan2, and Wales.—Yours,lB47. &c., T.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.
CITY, FRIDAY EVENING.
TIMES.—The fluctuations in the English Funds
have to-day been somewhat less violent. Consols
opened at 79i to a for money, being a slight decline
upon the closing prices of yesterday, advanced to 80*,
receded again to 79k, and closed at 79} to For
the account the first price was 79i to 80i, and, after
ascending to 80k, they left off at 80i to
There was more business transacted in the foreign
exchanges than on any recent post-day. The rates
for Holland, Frankfort, Vienna, and Trieste were
higher, and for other places about the same as last
post.

In London, although at the Bank, out of doors,
and at the Stock Exchange, there has been a strong
demand for money, the day has passed off well. From
the country, reports have been industriously circu-
lated of the stoppage of two joint-stock banks, but in
one case the town agents are wholly without advice
of any such event (while, from the state of the ac-
count with them, they also consider it highly im-
probable), and in the other a contradiction has ap-
peared in the third edition of The Sun.
The arrangement which was described yesterday
as having been made by the Bank of England with
Mr. Littledale, of Liverpool, far the support of his
firm, is now fully ccmpleted, and the house will re-
ceive the required amount.
The letters from Newcastle received this afternoon
mention the existence of considerable excitement in
the town, on account of the stoppage yesterday; but
they are free from news of any further disaster. The
proprietary of the Union Banking Company are very
respectable ; and it is believed that any call that may
be necessary towards the liquidation of the concern
will be promptly met.
Letters from Manchester received this morning
maintain the same comparatively steady tone which
we mentioned a day or two back. Everything
here," says one writer, "continues quiet, and there is
a more hopeful feeling beginning to prevail. We
are likely to have cheap food and cheap cotton, and,
with a beter state of the money-market, business will
certainly improve."
The accounts from India by the present mail, as
regards the affairs of Messrs. Cockerell and Co., are,
it is said, not unsatisfactory. Owing to the better
state of the market for piece goods, the house had
disposed of the old stock, and were proceeding to sell
those of 1847, while, with respect to indigo, it appears
that, although the crop was estimated at only 116,000
maunds, the factories with which the firm are con-
cerned were better than the year preceding, although,
like the crop generally, inferior to what had been
anticipated. Confident expectations were entertained
of large remittances being made during the season to
cover the bills drawn.
CHRONICLE.—Our letters from Liverpool de-
scribe a better state of things as having commenced.
This has arisen, no doubt, from the partial improve-
ment which took place in London, the favourable
reply to Messrs. Littledale's claim for assistance, and
the general belief that the Government will step in to
aid the commerce of the country in its distress.

The Bank returns have, as usual, appeared in the
Gazette this evening, being the account up to Satur-
day last, the IGth inst. Under the circumstances, we
do not think a better return could have been antici.
pated. Compared with the same period of 1846, the
effect of the payment of the dividends this year is less
apparent, although of course the change in the posi-
tion of the Bank is very great.
Much anxiety prevails in the north of England
with regard to tho contemplated stoppage of works,
and the most fatal consequences are apprehended
from a continuance of the present crisis in financial
affairs. The Government have an opportunity for
preventing the further spread of the evil ; but every
hour lost is the addition of more difficulty to be here-
after removed.
the epidemic, which we call_ panic, is on the in-

crease, and although a lull may here and there for a
brief moment occur, yet with the state of feeling
which paralyses the heart of the country, London, we
may be sure that the extremities cannot escape the
pressure which it endures. We hope to see the
matter taken up by the leading firms in the City. It
interests all alike, whether supporters of the Bank
Act of 1844, or its opponents; for it must not be for-
gotten that the original scheme contained a clause
authorising, under certain circumstances, the increased
issue of notes which are now found to be required.
We believe it was to the opposition of the present
Chancellor of the Exchequer that we are indebted for
the exclusion of this clause ; and if so, the Right Hon.
Gentleman has a debt to pay to the commercial commu-
nity, whose troubles are now aggravated by the feeling
that the remedy is a matter involving a responsibility
which the Ministers of the Crown seem but little de-
sirous to incur. To this point, however, they must
come at last; and if the period be delayed, it will be
with the misfortunes tenfold greater. The prestige
of " the proper moment" lost, and their own reputa-
tion as statesmen must be seriously damaged in the
estimation of the country.
HERALD.—The pressure for money to• day in
the discount market, if such a market can now be

said to exist, in the proper sense of the term, was
severe beyond all former precedent, and the rates
charged puts carrying on regular business in any
department of trade utterly out of the question. We
have repeatedly cautioned the public not to look at
the Stock Exchange as affording any criterion what-
ever for the actual state of affairs in the metropolis,
for the prices there are governed to such an extent
by speculative operations that they lead to no con-
clusion that can be relied on. Although, however,
every person having the slightest knowledge of the
subject is perfectly convinced of such being the
fact, it is currently reported in circles that have
ample means of judging, that so limited is the
knowledge, and so narrow the views of the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, that he clings with the
utmost tenacity to the belief that an advance of I
per cent. in the price of Consols for the account
is an irrefragable evidence that things are im-
proving, and that consequently there will be no
necessity for interference on the part of the Govern-
ment. It is scarcely credible that such shallow flip-
pancy could be displayed in such alarming circum-
stances as the country is now placed in, by any man
having the confidence to accept of such an office, and
we have no hesitation in stating that we speak the
mind of a great majority of the country when we
affirm, that if Lord John Russell cannot find a man
with a more expanded grasp of mind to fill the office,
the doom of his Cabinet is sealed.
Reports were industriously circulated, and which
for a time obtained credence in a number of the
banking-houses, that the North and South 'Wales
Bank, the head office of which is at Liverpool, had
suspended payment. As this bank has a number of
branches ramified through Wales, the report in ques•
tion excited considerable interest ; for, being a bank
of issue, the maximum of which is 63,9511., it was
inferred it would create great distress among a num-
ber of poor people. We are very glad to be enabled
to state, that on inquiry at the London and 'West-
minster Bank, who are their agents in town, we were
informed that they had received no advice on the
subject, and bad not only paid and received every-
thing for them during the day, but were to remit a
sum in bank-notes to Liverpool by this evening's
post.

There were other rumours circulated respecting
two or three commercial houses in town being unable
to meet their engagements, consequent on the arrival
of the mails yesterday, but the facts were not attested
on such authority as would render ft prudent to give
them publicity at present.
The letters received from Manchester this morning
announce the stoppage of the private bank of Scholes
and Co., but except as an evidence of the extension
of the pressure, it is not treated as a matter of much
importance. The bank was established in 1790, and
by the return made to the Stamp-office, the partner-
ship consists of Thomas Seddon Scholes, of High-
bank, Prestwich, near Manchester ; and Joseph Sed-
don, Cheatham, near Manchester.

The directors of the North of England Joint-stock
Bank, whose head office is at Newcastle upon-Tyne,
and which suspended payment in March of the pre-
sent year, have been actively engaged in realising
the assets, and have just issued a circular to the
shareholders, together, with a balance-sheet setting
forth the assets and liabilities to the 30th of Octo-
ber, 1847.