The Sun.
London, England, 1840-11-12 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

(From the United Service Gazette.)
WARRANT REGULATING THE APPOINTMENTS AND PAY
OF ARMY MEDICAL OFFICERS.
VICTORIA R ,

Whereas it has been represented unto us, that the
rank of Assistant Inspector of Hospitals can Le dis-
pensed with ; and that with a view to extend the means
of promotion in the medical department of our army,
it is expedient to institute a second class of staff sur-
geons, who shall, in rank and pay, correspond and be
on a footing with the regimental surgeons, and at the
same time to improve the pay and advantages of the
first or superior class of staff surgeons. We are there-
fore pleased to direct, that from and after the date of
this our warrant, all former rules and orders respecting
the titles, ranks, periods of service, and pay of the me-
dical officers of our army shall cease and dotes mine ;
and that this our warrant shall, from and after the Ist
day of October 1840, be considered the sole and stand-
ing autholity upon this subject.
1. The medical officers of the army are in future to
be distinguished by the following ranks and commis-
sions, viz. :—Assistant Surgeon, Regimental Surgeon,
and Staff Surgeon, 2d class ; Staff Surgeon, Ist class ;
Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals ; Inspector-
General of Hospitals.
2. ASSISTANT SUIIGEON.—No medical candidate
who has not passed his examinations at the Royal Col-
lege of Surgeons of London, Edinburgh, or Dublin,
shall be eligible for this commission, and the Assistant
Surgeon must have served on fall-pay five years be-
fore he shall be eligible for promotion to the rank of
Regimental Surgeon, or of Staff Surgeon of the second
class.

3. Regimental Surgeons and Staff Surgeons of the
sceoni class must have served ten years in the army
on full-pay before they shall be eligible for the next
step of rank.

4. A Staff-Surgeon of the Ist class must have served
three years at home, or two years abroad in this rank,
before he shall be eligible for promotion.
A Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals must have
served five years at home, or three years abroad in this
rank, before he shall be eligible for promotion to the
highest rank of Inspector-General.
6. The rates of daily pay for the before-mentioned
ranks are to be in future regulated by the length of time
which the officers of each class shall have served upon
full-pay according to the annexed scale ; provided always
that whe❑ any officer is hereafter promoted he shall com-
mence upon the minimum pay of his new rank, not-
withstanding his length of service, agreeably to the
said scale, may give him a claim to a higher rate of
pay, as before he shall be allowed such higher rate of
pay he will be required to serve on each inferior rate of
pay attached to his rank, the following period, namely,
one year, if he had been in the medical department an-
tecedently to 29th July, 1830, and two years if he re-
ceived his first medical commission subsequently to that
date ; but if the officer thus promoted had higher pay
in his old rank than the minimum of his new rank, he
shall commence upon that rate of pay which may be
next above his former pay, and before he obtains any
further increase shall serve the period above pre-
scribed, viz. :

RANKS.

Rates of Daily Pay subject to the above
Provisions.

After 25 ! After
years' 'but under
actual 25, actual!
service. I service. I

Assis ant Surgeon 11:0 :0
Regimental Surgeon and!

aft. Surgeon, Second

Cla,s - 1 •2 0
StaffSurgt on, First Clascl 1 4 (1
Deputy luyp.etor Gene-I

I I l 0 0

Cal Of Ho' iutls
Inspector General of
Hospitall i 0 0

40 10 U

After 10, ;Ler lu
,but under' )ears'
tO, actual actual
service. I NCIViCe.

10 0

1.4:L)

015 0 015 0 013 0
1 2 0 0 111 0 ...

1801 1 4 0

HHO

1 16 0

7. In addition to the pay of their ranks, the cflicers
at the head of the medical department on foreign sta-
tions shall receive allowances at the undermentioned
rates when serving under the following circumstances :
If with an army in the field of 10,000 men
or upwards
Do 5,000 do. 15s.
Do. any less number 105.
If servim., in a colon•, where the forces con-
sist of 1,500 men, or upward. ss.
Given at our Court, at Windsor, this 14th day of
October, 1840, in the fourth year of our reign.
By her Majesty's command,
T. B. MACAULAY.

FLOODS IN FRANCE.

FUkTIII:11 YARTICULA 1:S.

The Courrier du Ganef mentions that the Rhone has
made an extensive inundation at Beaucaire, and that a great
part of the island of La Camargue, together with the plain
of Uzes, has been kid under water. The bridge of boats
from Arles to Triniquc-Taille has been carried away.
A Macon letter of the 4th inst. says—
" In several villages there arc net more than one cr two
houscs, and those stone-built, lett standing ; the others,
being chiefly constructed of clay, have been washed down
and carried away, with all their furniture, crops, and other
stores. Many cattle which could not be got out of the
stables and sheds have perished. A great number of the
inhabitants from the banks of the Saone have come into
Macon for shelter, but two-thirds of the houses are invaded
by the waters, and several have already fallen down."
Extract of a letter from Chalons, quoted by the Capi-
tole :

" It is now 238 years since the Saone attained the
height it has now risen to. On the Place des Carmes
and the Place de Beaune the water is five feet in depth.
All the streets of Chalons are navigated by boats, and on
the Quai des Messageties even sails arc seen passing along.
The Magistracy has put the whole of the steam-boats in
requisition. The following excellent conduct of Messrs.
Lereyer, brothers, one of them Director of the Gondoleg,
and the other Captain of one of these steamers, deserves
mention. They alone have braved the fury of the waters,
and carried relief to the neighbouring communes,with which,
all communication had been cut off. It being impossible
to pass the bridge of Chalons, they took their steamer
round the town, over the flooded meadows and wooded
Plains breaking through the tops of the poplars which
raise above the wa:crs, and regained the river, after over-
coming a thousend dangers, and after a further voyage of
eight leagues, attended with equal risk, reached Verjux
with I,ooolb. of bread, and at last took on board 140 in-
habi'ants and four boat-loads of cattle, all of whom they
brought back to Chalons. Immediately afterwards they
again renewed their pci dons voyage. The Sub-Prefect
has sent a report to the King, recommending M. Lereyer,
the Director, to be naturalized in France, he being by
birth a Genevcse. At this time 80 houses have been de-
stroyed at Verjux, and 40 at Marnay. The whole country
forms an immense lake."

The Patriole de Saone ct Loire, after attributing the
floods to the rapid melting of the snows which had prema-
turely covered the Vesges and Jura mountains, and the
heavy and incessant rains Which had fallen at the end of
October in Franche Comte and Burgundy, says, that the
disasters have been prolonged by the temperature of the
air, the thermometer of the Centigrade scale not having
been lower than 10 degrees above zero, or BO of Fahren-
heit, the wind having constantly blown from the west and
south-west. " The river banks," it adds, " were broken
through on the 2d inst., whereby Verdun was isolated, and
had the lower part of the town inundated. Fortunately,
no one has perished, nor has there been any serious acci-
dent there to deplore. By a most providential chance,
two old men, who had been left in their beds, were re-
leased in the afternoon of the 4th unhurt. The roof of the
house being broken through, they were found lodged in
one of the chimneys."
The Marne, according to a letter of the 3d from Saint
Dizier, had suddenly risen three days before about air feet,
had become unnavigable, and was likely so to remain for
several days, even should not the rains, which had abated,
be renewed. The wcod merchants there have experienced
great losses.
M. Conte, Director-General of the Post-effice, has sent

four extra inspectors, with instructions to establish tempo-
rary arrangements for the conveyance of the mails along
all such lines of road as have been intercepted by the in-
undations.

HANOVER, Nov. 4.—lt is said that the war
department has received orders immediately to put the
whole army on the war establishment, and in readiness to
march.—Hamburgh Borsen Halle, Nov. 7,
PRINCE LOUIS NAPOLEON.—The Temps
states that a person, duly authorised by Prince Louis Na-
poleon, received on Saturday, at the Caisse des Depots at
Consignations, the sum deposited there after the seizure
made on board the steamer at Boulogne. Out of this sum,
which was rather more than 400,000 f., the expenses of the
trial before the Court of Peers, amounting to 4,000 f.,
were deducted. The Cbotidienite staies that the money
which has been restored to Prince Louis Napoleon was
only 46,000 f. in gold, and a few thousand francs worth of
bank-uotes, instead of 400,000 f., as has been stated.
Madame do Faverolles, and M. Noel, notary, were the
persons who received for the Prince the money, and various
trifling articles found in his trunks, seised on board the
steamer at Boulogne.
RETIRENIENT OV MLLE. MARS. This
greatest of comic actresses is to retire from the stage in
April next. Ilippol3 te Mars, the daughter of the cele.
brated comedian Monvel and of a tragic actress of inferior:
note, was born at Paris on the sth of February, 1779, and
ascended the stage before the age of twelve.
eldest
son Hon. Win. H. Adelbert Fielding,
eof
son of the Earl of Denbigh, has been appointed on
thz Queen Dowager's pages of honour. The young page
' is about five years old.
of 14, letting off
pupils,a fihavinogylighted a maroon
burst, Id shgttered his right hand
ofi fr
ecOwootlirokltisehlwe
and
tin,hdighliisitrsfo.c.fiNio‘tei,ebssmtri: instant,
ne b the eldest
to throw off, it instantly
cam
IN CHURCIIILL.---We
the death of his Lordship on
announced,
some
shiptimeaf Do'ruid, at Macao, on the 3d June,
to atoms.rim
leigeeived by the overland mail
board her Majesty.'sstr .lopiautated the hand.
i account of the funeral ;-
- gives
theinterred in the British buryi
LATESir l 3
L. Bort°tDdi
ng-ground
The corpse w°s .
v the morning of the
early on
consisted of his Excellency the Governor of
procession stet,
,fojlulostwi:
detachment of the garrison, Captains 'Eliot,
maao and a ,
'Trot Chaldnitao:lgßegt,
Smith, and W arren, several officers of the squadron, a de.
aclunent of sailors and marines, by nearly all the foreA a •
trcsidents, and many of the inhabitants of Macao.
Portuguese band played the " Dead March;" Captaia
Elliot read the funeral service most impressivsbly, and,
1 after the body had been committed to the earth, the Por-
i tuguese detachment tired thrce volleys over the gram."

!:VENING EDITIOI-4.!

•----- •
MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

(WEDNESDAY EVENING.)
TIMES.—The Consol market has experienced an
advance to-day, under the influence of the rise in the
Paris market, and a continued scarcity of stock. It
amounts to about per cent., and would have been
greater, in the opinion of the leading jobbers, but for
the news from India and China, which is thought dis-
couraging. There was a decline in Bank Stock in the
course of the day, owing to a sale said to have been
made under an order from the Court of Chancery,
which is not an Unusual thing in that Court, with funds
under its administration, which it is the practice to con-
vert always into English Three per Cents. The market
being rather weak, the price obtained for it was 1.57 i ;
the last quotation of that stock was 158 to 160. There
was a disposition to sell India Stock, but no bargains of
any consequence took place.
Private letters from Manchester mention the con-
tinuation of the pressure for cash. The banks, who
for the last two or three weeks have been discounting
across the counter at 7 per cent., have almost declined
their accommodations, and this has led to serious in-
conveniences.
The Moniteur contains a circular addressed by the
French Minister of Agriculture and Commerce to
the members of the Chamber of Commerce and of
the Deliberative Chambers of Arts and Manu-
factures, in order that they may specify such new
questions of general interest as they consider re-
quire immediate discussion, as he promises to give
the result of their deliberations to his Majesty, that
he may form it into an ordinance for assembling the
Councils General of Agriculture, Manufactures, and
Commerce. He adopts this course because he is
unwilling to take from their business the great num-
ber of persons who are required to form a Council Ge-
sieral, without first ascertaining from the Chambers spe-
cified above whether there be matters of sufficient im-
portance to warrant such a convocation. Two years
have now elapsed since the last meeting of the Councils
General, and at that of 1837 many important questions
were brought forward, the whole ot which are not as
let solved.' Among these the question of the admis-
lion a foreign cattle is one that is still under
delibgeation, embracing a great number of points.
The law of patents was considered by the Councils
General, and is ready to be submit tad to the dis-
eustsion of, the Legislature, the 'Minister giving it as
;his opinion that that body will - act with confi•
deuce, knowing the deliberations which the Councils
have bestowed upon it. Last year the employment of
,children in factories was discussed in the Chamber of
Veers, and will come before the Chamber of Deputies
early in the present Session. Of the many questions
ulna came before the meeting of 1837, those coucernin
,gar, tlaxen and hempen thread amid webs, steam-en-
gites for internal navigation, the tariff of cotton threads
of .he higLer numbers, the expenses of the customs on
interior eutrepets, the prohibition of several exports,
have been solved either completely or provisioeally.
'Sue greater number belong at present to the Minis-
te, inl department, and have no more to be submitted to
time Cauncils. Of these, the principal concern tbt!
public sale cf merchandise, the arbitration of en:Tic:need
persons, file insur,:nces, and the responsibility ot ship-
owners.

CHROMPLE.—Tue suspension of the blockade 101
.':.ickandri.t to the iiWant, and the latest ac-
co_ints trom P..ris, afford indications of a pacific settle-
most of the dispute about the possession of Syria;
consinerahle fall in the price of cotton was locked
for tit :14; and cext month at Bombay-, owing to an ex-
ported accumulatiou of stock, the stoppage of tire
China 'laic, and the excess of export this year in com-
parison with the last to Great Britain. Opium was sell-
ing at 740 rupees per chest.
United States 13atik Snares were quoted at 66 at
York, and the Exchange no Loadon ltlSh to 109 ;
"s;,,ilana 12:‘,-; per Cents. had been sold at 7:31.
Jaudoa, the ageu: Itir the Bank of the United
S:at. 4,is now on his passage to Lumina. It is iuby en-
pee'etu that he will bring with him a complete vijimus
ui the ittfatrs of that beak to 4 very recent date, so that
the sbarebblders will be able to ascertain its real
lion. Tne.;;Vew York Herald, which for some time past
been a bitter foe to the credit and stability of the
traited States Bank, has cow become one of i!i
we, rmest panegy.ists, Tae opinions of that plper are
not of vAlue either way, but- Lacy tend to show hick
way. the wind blows. . The
.Learned Editor now foresees
shat the friends of the back are in the ascend Ant, and I
1 has ntmordingly made up his mind to sail along with,'
slit stream.

liar not been thought necessa; v I
ut.dee 'lns bead to advert to the distres9ing eircum- I
gut, ceg connee:el with the temporary erub,rrassments
of Johnston, th,o old well-known and respect-
ithe firm ef Irish merchants and hankers, as those
zenti,,yett tlimaiev,.s, with a praiseworthy solicitude, ;
sere the first throw! it authorised agews to mAlte the
Cit.e,atmittocas known through the pr,ss, and
to aonottocw theta o•vo suspcuslon, until the extent
the nefarious syscro of plunder pr:ictiscd upon theta tar
TuirtteJ late y is their confidence could ha fully aseer-
taLwd, wi.,h the atiount likely to .he recovered.
the !lest insonce they th e etnslves were disposed, as a
reugh estiinate, to set down the anoint of lands sur-
reptitiously a'astracted; or obtained possession of by
_fraud, at not tar short of 100,0001. According to the
report of investigations yet in progress, it is believed
however that the result will turn out much more
favourably, and that some considerable portion of the
prur,erty will be got back, although much of it not
avatable. One of the cbij parties impl.-
eated in tale abuse of their confidence is said to
show every disposifpn to repair the consequences of
,tds evil conduct so far as in his power, by all such in-
formation and endeavours as may aid in regaining pos-
seseion of the property of which Messrs. Johnston
have baen defrauded, wherever it may be found.
Portions of it to some considerable extent are said to
sound their way to S.:tith Australia, where existing
,now In the shape of houses in the town of Ade-
laide, and lots of " land sections," in the interior of
the country. - -

SUN.—The market for the English Sceurities has
been firm with a business doing, and a scarcity of stock.
\Vc are informed that the supply of stock has not been
equal to the demand, and that a good deal of difficulty
s experienced in making up the quantity required, so
that at one period a baccadation of full i per cent.
existed, or, in other words, Consols fur present transfer
were worth S 9, when for the 26th instant they were
on►y quoted 89k. Tub extreme value of the former
was 89 to 894, and of the latter 89i to, the market
leaving off at the highest of these quotations. Excbe•
quer Bills remained at par to 2s. premium, Bank Stock
declined to 1591 to 158, and East India Stock was
marked 242. The New Three-and-a-Half per Cents.
ranged from 98 to 98i, the Reduced Three-and-a-
Half per Cents. from 97* to 97-a, and the Three per
Cent. Annuities from 88 to 88k.
Some parties regard the intelligence from China as
aintavourable, but we believe this relers rather to those
connected with the Tea than with the Stock Market.
There was not much doing in the Foreign Market,
but good prices were in general obtained. For the
Active Spanish Bonds the quotation was advanced
from 2l to 22 to h ; for the New Five per Cents. of
-Portugal, from 34 to 344 and 35 ; and for the Three
per Cents., 224 to Colombian Bonds of 1824 im-
proved from 25 to 251 ; Mexican of 1837, from 284
to 291 ; and Peruvian, from 141 to 151 ; Chilian were
steady at 56 ; Austrian Bonds realized 1051 ; Dutch
Two-and-a-Half per Cents. were marked 31 kto ;
and the Five per Cents. 99.
The Railway Shares were all higher to-day.
The private advices from India per post have not yet
been delivered.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

sent inducements to their enginemen to be regular
their conduct, to endeavour to acquire mechanic
knowledge of the locomotive engine, and to increas
their general fitness for the duty they have undertaken
and prizes are given for punctuality in driving, and
for keeping their engines in sound order. These are
commendable and judicious systems ; but what the pub-
lic are entitled to expect is, that their safety is not in-
trusted to any but skilful drivers, and I see no other
means of insuring this but by the drivers being li-
censed." He then proceeds to discuss the subject of
breaks in a manner not less conclusive and satisfac-
tory. After showing the importance not only of using
these appliances, but of their proper position, he
concludes his suggestions on this point as follows :
, " I have frequently observed that due attention is not
given to the position in which the break carriage is
placed, and it is not uncommon to see trains without
1 any break carriage whatever. Indeed, in my journies
to investigate the causes of the accidents now under
consideration, it happened that I travelled with two
trains in which there was no break carriage. This I
consider to be very unsafe, and the public should not
be exposed to such risks. I would suggest, as a ge-
neral rule, that no train should be permitted to leave a
station without being provided with one or more breaks ;
and in passenger trains a fair proportion would be one
to every third carriage. The principal guard should be
upon the last carriage of the train, which should
have a break, and the station of the under-guard should
be upon one of the intermediate break carriages. This
is the least that the pubiic have a right to expect on
this important head, and I would recommend that the
matter should be pressed upon the consideration of the
Railway Companies in general, though I should observe
that on some of the great lines the attention of the ma-
nagement is directed to this point. I have further to
suggest that buffer•springs should be adopted for
every carriage, waggon, truck, or horsebox used on
railways." The report also contains extremely valuable
suggestions upon the subject of the interposition of
goods' waggons between the engine and the passengers'
carriages—a practice which, with certain cautions and
limitations, is recommended as conducive to safety—
upon the appoletment of a proper officer to examine per-
sonally all the carriages and trucks laden with merchan-
dise, with a view to safety, before starting—upon the
manner in which this officer's reports ought to be made,
and upon other matters of detail which hefound conducted
in a manner likely to make precautions, proper and
laudable in themselves, degenerate into matters of
form. Sir Frederick Smith has made another report
upon the recent accidents on the North Midland
Railway, which we hope shortly to be enabled to lay
before our readers. Similar investigations have been
made, or directed to be made, with reference to the
accidents on the South-Western and Eastern Counties
lines, and we shall be anxious to hear of their results.
Too great praise cannot be given to the Board of
Trade for originating these inquiries with so much
promptness and decision ; and it eould not be easy to
overrate the benefits which may be expected to accrue
to the public in conseguence. Already one great vic-
tory has been gained, in a point of cardinal import-
ance ; for after the report of Sir Frederick Smith, no
d 'At can be eutertained that an Act will be passed
:n the next session of Parliament for regulating the
qualifications of enginemen, and the test by which
these qualifications are to be ascertained. And although
we are not unwilling to give credit to the testimony of
the same gallant officer, when he speaks of the " ear-
nest desire" of the railway directors with Whoiri his in-
quiries have broUght him in contact, "to leave no means
untried for insuring the safety of travellers on their re-
.epeetive lines, and to deserve the confidence of the pub-
he,' still we cannot but tilink that in the matter of
breaks- also, and on every point where the necessity of a
given regulation, not already in general use, is placed
beyend controversy, it will be infinitely the wisest, the
saiest, and the most satisfactory course for Parliament
to scale the question, and leave no latitude for indivi-
duai perversity or caprice.. There are persons whom
wattling short of personal experience can ever convince
of she neceseity o! the most obvious precautions.
(From the Morning Herald.)
Sir William Molesworth addressed a 'public meeting
of the inhabitants of Leeds, on Saturday, in reference to
the war with France, which to the Hon. Baronet seems
tii he impending. Sir Williern deprecates War with
re 'nee, in such a cause as that which divides France
eee England, as the greatest of national calamities.
,lie. arguments appear te us in some respects sound ;
exia, in other respects, he would seem to have indulged
a e y copiously in the exaggerated slang which is fend-
•iar to his political party. That Russia is the only Power
iel.iell earl eventually derive advantage from the settle-
se ent of the " Eastern Question" on the principles 'of
the Treaty of London, has long been obviouS to calm
eisservers ; while no one may doubt that of all the
possible results of such a " settlement," a war he-
ten France and England would most decidedly and
, %I, u,-ilvely advance the interests of our northern ene-
my. In c-.msuring, however, the policy of our Whig
, rulers in regard to ltusfila, we are by no means calk,i
'Oil to apple.mt -the spirit evinced by the war party in
`h%-ance. That spirit has, on the contrary, manifcstca
itself in certain most absurd and mischievous forms ;
no; is it quite certain, that M. Tillers and some of his
sunearters have not been animated by motives of an
(exceedingly unworthy character. After heaping, how-
ever, on the tactics of the late French Minister, all the
odium which may justly attach to the course of action
which he adopted, still the policy of Lord Palmerston
and of his colleagues will remain utterly irreconcileab!e
ti itit those principles which ought at all times to regu-
?ere the foreign policy of England. The " successes,''
as they are styled, in Syria, afford no vindication ot
the principles in the assertion
.of which those " see-
n:sB;2S" have occurred. The " successes" in ques-
tion may, indeed, be, in the first instance, at
the cost of 'Mehemet Ad, but, eventually, Eng.'
land will be the chief loser by them. The only
gainer by the triumphs which have crowned
the Sultan's arms, will be the great enemy of the
Sultan, and of England. In these fears as to the dae•
gers to be anticipated from Russia, Sir William Moles-
worth does not participate. No ; the Honourable
Baronet is too " philosophical" to dread anything from
the aggressive policy of Russia, so long as political eco-
namy shall be recognised as a science, and the princi-
ples of free trade shall be assumed to contain in their
operation the corrective of all those ills to which the
intercourse of nation with nation is liable. To the
truth of Sir William Mclesworth's conclusions as to the
absurdity of the policy which we are now pursuing in
reference to the eastern question, we repeat, that we
most cordially subscribe. England is, indeed, as he ob-
serves, smoothing the way to the occupation by Russia
of the City of the Sultan. But we differ utterly from
the Honourable Baronet, in the estimate which he
has formed of the resources of Russia, and
of her means to maintain and extend her con-
quests. It' Russia were, in truth, the feeble and
disorganised power which the Member for Leeds
assumes her to be, the policy of our Whig rulers would
admit of a comparatively easy vindication. The occu-
pation of Constantinople by the armies of the Autocrat,
would, if Sir William Molcsworth's estimate of the re-
sources of that great pritentate were correct, become., a
matter of secondary importance. But history, and :11
the events that are passing before our eyes, prove te ,t
the Honourable Baronet is utterly in error. For 1-
wards of a hundred years Russia has been become
gradually more and more formidable. Her poll, y
has been invariably crowned with success. Her ter-
ritories have been prodigiously increased in extent.
Her armies have been rendered the best disciplined,
perhaps, in the world. Hey fleets (which but five and
twenty years ago had scarcely any other than a nominal
existence) are now, in many respects, at least equal to
those of England and France. The cultivation of the
useful arts in Russia within the last twenty years has
been extended in a manner, never witnessed during the
same period, in any other country. Her diplomatists
surpass in skill those of all the other European states.
The energy of her executive can scarcely be surpassed.
(From the Times.) Sir William Moiesworth commits, in short, the ludi-
The Railway Times of Saturday last gives the sub- crous mistake of supposing that a nation which does not
stance of a Report made by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir derive the rules of its fiscal and
financial administration
Frederick Smith, to the Board of Trade, upon the two from the " laws of political economy" cannot be a
with
Selby Railway in August and September last, and into the riches of that pure wisdom, which political econo-
sthe causes of which that able officer was appointed to mists diffuse. A pleasant illusion, truly,—and in admi-
inquire. Sir Frederick Smith confirms in every res ectl Table accordance with some of the most instructive facts
the ludgment which we had formed and repeatedly ex- f in history. If, however, Sir William Molesworth under-
-pressed upon the subject of both these accidents. The values the power and resources of Russia, be, by no
first he attributes to "great and unpardonable neglect" means, errs, after the same feshion, in speculating on
on the part of the Company's servants, whose business the means of defence and of aggression possessed by
it was to attend to the securing of heavy goods for England —" Never was England better able to carry
y ; and at the time carriage at Sella same censures the on a war than at the present moment. Never were the
onsafee* flimsy construction of the trucks used for resources of the people greater. Never was victory
esieh pultoses upon that line. The second accident he
to be "evidently attributable to two causes ; more certain, Some persons indeed • have attempted to
deny our strength, and have represented our naval forces
states
first, the want of experience, prudence, and judA'neot as weak and feeble. These representations I know are
engine-man ; and secondly, to there being ro utterly false, and that. the persons who have made them
break to any of the carriages of the train." are animated by the worst motives, I denounce them
After going minutely into the particulars of these I to you as miserable and contemptible wretches, who
two accidents, Sir Frederick Smith proceeds, in obedi- \ have forgotten they are Englishmen in their base eager-
emit; to the instructions of the Board of Trade, to re- tress to further patty objects.—(Hear, hear.) I hold
port, his opinion on the precautions proper to lie taleen I them up to public execration and scorn as the vilest de-
against the recurrence of similar di ' t- • •of b^"country.-{Cheers.) I repeat that
in order to guard - ,actors tor
re gratified
to find his sag_ ;bath by sea and land we are p averful enough to bid de-
ters ; and here again we a Aft --
\
air tions in entire accordance with our own. er some fiance to any one, and to maintain our pnsition as one of
-es -forcible observations upon the danger arise 1 the greatest of the European nations." These are
very just and
of unskilful persons as enoa. ; " brave words." Yet it is natural,sthat the same mind
ing from the employment
that ractice—a point to I which can discern danger to England in the charac•
neer* and the frequency of p
.no
.
, , tae I tern'. Russian
which we were the first to invite attention —lie uurge, ,
I appliances policy, shoult., see
' in the extant of the
necessity of 'legislative interference for the fut 7 pre- .
.. ,
e.O war, and of self-defence, now at the dis-
says Im'" of Luniand, ouly matter for exultation !
vention of so serious an evil :—" In nay opinion,
•.
ecomotive (From tiMorning•Post.)
he," no person should be allowed to drive a I I In
the ,
.n. ie
.. engine for passenger trains who has not undergoneheat
' think it rilaltt of quiet- perseverance with which we
;Strict examination, and proved his competency for t •
it
in
relation
cominue the advocacy of Church prin-
. Oetty, before some properly constituted Board. This cep
caplet,
our effo-otns to
the conduct of public affairs, we
appears to too to be as important a measure as the ex'- ' rocti,
..
n'inati°o of pilots, and it will be eas to devise a method state, with moderation. ar.el disinterestedness, what our
.of examining and licensing persons tar engine men. S::eh al g" mu;
• •), real! • is. In reference
y ,• _ to en article published
. no arrangement, while it would tend materially to in this Journal on Saturday
last, it has been asserted
increase the safety of railway travelling,ell by another-Journel (the
wou t also.,Globe) that " the • l •
cone usion
'raise the standard of these • lit to establiah by the principles
men, and in all probability we soup advanced is,
lead to a better class of persons turning their ' that the S!ate ehouhl la: suliordinate to the Church in
attentiou
to this employment, the
'0 wages of which already' hold all its procce • e . .a n t let we
out considerable temptations. Several Companies pre- 'did not seek to establish any such conclusion, and we

cannot conceive how our adversary should have sup-
posed we did, for in another place he quietly states
what we had set forth as the substance of our argu-
ment, namely, that the State should be regulated by
Church principles. Surely we may contend for this
without being at all bound to the conclusion that the
State must be subordinate to the Church in all its pro-
ceedings. There is a distinction, obvious enough, be-
tween the Church and Church principles. Our adver.
saries do not seem to be able to get rid of the vulgar
notion that we are contending for additional political
power being thrown into the hands of certain ecclesias-
tical personages. Nothing can be more wide of our
purpose. We desire the establishment of an authority,
not of individuals, but of principles—an authority which
shall be a guide to the people, and a sure reliance in
time of trouble and anxiety—which shall give them
peace and liberty such as they cannot enjoy so long as
they are subjected in mind and body to the tyranny of
chance circumstances, and the various wilfulness of the
mixed mass. The Globe, after quoting some nine lines
from our article of Saturday, proceeds to say that the
passage " contains an epitome of the claims and argu-
ments which a daily increasing party in the Church is
putting forth for the purpose of repeating in the nine-
teenth century attempts which have in former times
been urged with alternate success and defeat until the
Reformation gave what was hoped to be a death-blow
to the unconstitutional doctrines here advanced:'
They who are accustomed to legitimately conduct-
ed discussion will see at once that this mode of
controversy which our adversaries adopt is both un-
just and shallow. They are continually imputing to
us a purpose, and exclaiming against that. What right
have they to impute a purpose? If the purpose be in
their opinion self-evident from what we say, let them
state that it is, and place in juxta-position the words we
have used, and their inference from them. Then it
will be seen whether their imputation is a fair one. As
people generally prefer a fair mode of proceeding in ar-
gument, except when they think it would not serve their
purpose, we believe that men accustomed to argument
will conclude, from the adoption by our adversaries of
. the mode of controversy we have described, that they
. are afraid of the legitimate mode.

FROM THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
(From the Globe.)
We will not yield to the Times, or to Sir 'William
Mojesworth (the latter of whom we are sure is sincerely
the friend of peace, which we may doubt of the former),
in our desire for peace with France, and for alliance
with her on sound principles—that is to say, on mu-
tual well-understood interests—which we are fully

convinced would furnish. a sufficient basis for lasting
alliance—an alliance, however, which will be impossi-
ble, if a lurking jealousy of every object and interest
of the one Power i 3 the prime motive of the other.
This sort of feeling is too apt to arise between Powers
of equal pretensions. We shall not at present say on
which side we consider it to have been must operative,
but we do not scruple to say that we regret deeply thy

state of affairs which we consider to have resulted from
its suppressed workings. While we are not prepared to
admit that France has any right to dictate to Europe.
we certainly deeply regret to see France and England
divided, as they.are at present, upon supposed differences
of interest (for it is idle to talk of verbal punctilios).
which we cannot but think are susceptible of easy
adjustment ; •provided each Power clearly under-
stood where its - ()um interi'st ' lies. It would he
hunentible but it would be true=if
altimatelil—that it would Merely arise. because inapous
(and some statesmen) dO not clearly define to them-
selves the positive ends and objects at which they really
are aiming. This was remarkably true of the late French
Government, of which the Journal des Debuts says
with some. justicc—" It must be confessed, the Ministry
of the Ist of March was not a government. It was a
journal; that is to say, it yielded to the impulse of
circumstances, and the emotions of the day,--a thing
suitable enough to a journal, but not altogether becom-
ing in statesmen." We trust no such reproach will ever
ihr applicable nearer home. There is one government
at least in Europe which is certainly no journal ; and to
which, however we wish to speak of it with all proper
consideration, we certainly desire no triumph over the
discords of western Europe.
. (From the Courier.)
It will not be forgotten by our readers that on the
first announcement of the rashly projected expedition
to Cabal, we protested against it AS impolitic, unwise,
nod prolific of perillous compromise and disgraces for
the future. With the exception of the Morning Herald
with which at the time we had the:_misfortune to disa-

... ...._ .... ...... ...
grce or. the Chinese question, the Courier stood alone,
we believe, in the condemnation of that war and the anti-
cipations, now so soon in part realised, of its inevitably.
consequences. We may add, indeed, the support of a
higher authority still, for the Duke of Wellington
himself was understood to view with disapproval the
sickly ambition grasping at for distant conquests,
whose retention - was impracticable, even if desirable,:
and whcse addition must cankerously prey upon tlic;
vitals, instead of fortifying the power, -of an empire, be, ,
fore too uusvcildy, almost , f-or the. purposes of- good
i 'n•overoment and compact organization. We-no more,
doubted the triumph of British arms, and the indomi-
table energies of British troops, in that wanton
incursion into Affgbanistan, than the great Duke him!
self; but the false glare of Gbiznee could not blind
reasoning men to the fatal sin of the short•sighteci
policy in which it originated. Of the final results of
that policy we have now a foretaste in the defeat of
Major Clibborne by the Belcoches,which may be regarded
as the beginning of the end, and the first.. immediate
eact of which must probably be to efface the prestige
of invincibility 'so dearly purchased by the storm and
slaughter of the Affghan fortress.