The Sun.
London, England, 1847-07-14 00:00:00

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Under the Management of Mrs. Frances Davidge, Lessee.
THIS EVENING

Will be performed SONNAMBULA ; or,
The Village Phantom. Rodolpho, Mr. Leffler ; Elvino, Mr. Harri-
s. n ; AlessiO, Mr. Honicastle ; Amina, Miss Rainforth ; Lisa, Miss
R. Isaacs ; Teresa, Mrs. Daly ; Annette, Miss Vaughan.
After which Dibdin's cemedietta of THE QUAKER. Steady,
Mr. Leffler ; Lubin, Mr. lionicastle ; Gillian, Miss Isaacs.
To conclude with TIIE STRANGER. Stranger, Mr. J. R. Scott.

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed a grand historical drama, entitled WALTER
TYRRELL, THE SAXON AVENGER; or, The Life and Death of
King William If. William 11., Mr. Dale; Walter Tyrrell, Mr.
Hicks ; Editha, Miss Vincent.
To be followed by a splendid drama, by Fitzball, called JANE
PAUL ; or, the Victim of Persecution. Jane Paul, Miss Vincent ;
Michael Pail, Mr. Hicks; Necker, Mr. Bird; Hedgehog Jack, Mr.
Searle.
To conclude with THE MYSTERIES OF THE FAIRY LADY.
Boxes, is.; Half Price, 6d. Pit, 6d. ; Gallery, 3d.

ROYAL. SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
Re-engagement of M. Jullien for Ten Nights more.
THIS DAY,
Thursday, and Friday, July 14th, 15th, 16th.
Daylight -View of Gibraltar—Splendid Menagerie—Promenade
Concert by lullien's band of One Hundred performers, two of whom
will perform a solo each evening ; Conductor, M. Jullien ; Leader,
Mr. Godfrey. All the attractions of the gardens will be added, con-
cluding with the grand Pyrotechnic Display of the Siege of Gibraltar.
Feeding the Animals at Five; Concert, Quarter-past Six; Fire-
works, Quarter-past Nine:—No extra charge.
The Celebrated HARMONIC ROCK BAND will perform previous
to and between the parts of the Concert.
Achnission to the whole, One Shilling.

LIM WEATH?R.—SvN OFFICE, JULY 14.
TtiERMOMETER, Lowest, 65; Highest. 84 ; Noon, 83,
BAROMETER, 30.27.--WIND W.N.W. ; fine.

111(11.1 WATER. AT E.ONDON-BRIDON TIHi DAY.
Morning .. 0 minutes after 3. I Evening 20 minutes Atte, 3.

cleanliness is in a more particular manner demanded
in any one position, that position is assuredly dis-
i
cerniblelprl/4 ong the crew and passengers of an emigrant
ship. A tage may rival a dove-cot in dimensions
and a pig-stps in na*ness, but the cottager has an
opportunity of inhaling a purer atmosphere, and of
obtaininglhealthful exercise, during the better part
of the fiur-and-twenty hours, on the adjoining
highway, or in the fields where he gains hislivelihood.
These opportunities are wholly denied to the emi-
grant. During so many weeks, formerly during so
many months, he is cooped up with a swarm of
fellow-voyagers in a structure quite inadequate in
regard to size, and a vast deal more than inadequate
in regard to comfort. Bodily exercise is out of the
question ; ablutions bear rather the character of
luxuries than of diurnal duties ; ventilation to those
confined to their berths by sickness is reduced to the
agreeable alternating of suffocation or draughts.
During these journeys across the ocean, moreover,
there is accumulating under the sleeping places and
the dining places of the passengers that foetid mass of
liquid stagnation termed bilge water, carrying an
incipient plague in every globule.
Cleanliness, therefore, is the best, and certainly the
cheapest, method of reducing the amount of mortality
on board the emigrant ships. Government might do
better in rendering this cleanliness compulsory on the
proprietors and officers of the emigrant ships than in
providing medical attendants to the alarming
number of seven hundred. Another consideration
shows that this cleanliness must be enforced under
penalty, seeing that the emigrants are emigrants
merely from their necessitous condition, and knowing
that filth and poverty are very nearly allied. What-
ever may be the fate of the Health of Towns Bill,
for which our aspirations are still so numerous and
earnest—and which has only been quashed through
the opposition of that Country Party, whose affected
loyalty to the Soil has been surpassed by their un-
affected love for Dirt—we do hope that the Colonial
Department will extend the benefits of the sanatory
code to the victims of a systematic emigration.

There are certain crimes which have repeatedly
attracted the attention of the Legislature, against
which the most stringent provisions have been
enacted, the most serious punishment sanctioned.
Every person will readily concur in acknowledging the
gravity of these offences, and the necessity of putting
them down by the strong arm of the law, and yet, not-
withstanding every effort, they flourish and attain a
rank luxuriance, and are practised openly and un-
blushingly by men of otherwise unblemished cha-
racter, with a total disregard of the provi-
sions of the law, and a practical impunity from
any unpleasant consequences from its violation. The
most mischievous and demoralizing amongst these,
so far as the public is concerned, is that of bribery
at elections, to which Lord BROUGHAM directed
the attention of the House of Lords on Monday even-
ing, and we may now dread that within a short
period it will prevail throughout all parts of the
kingdom. It is notorious that there are many con-
stituencies who are wholly regardless of the personal
character or qualifications of the candidates for their
suffrages. The only test which they look to is their
wealth, and (what they term) liberality; or, in other
words, the freedom and recklessness with which they
will scatter money amongst the debased recipients of
their bribes, and open public-houses at which the
independent electors may wallow in the most beastly
intoxication for some time previous to the con-
test. The greatest talent or ability, the most
sterling political honesty and independence on
the part of the candidate, will be wholly
disregarded by such persons. His eloquence may
lead an admiring senate; he may have devoted him-
self to the investigation and exposure of abuses, have
introduced the most valuable reforms, and ever been
found the efficient advocate and the unflinching as-
sertor of the rights of the many, but he either cannot
or will not purchase their suffrages, and he must
yield to one without perhaps a single valuable qua-
lity, who expends his money as a mere speculation,
and is quite prepared to sell to the highest bidder,
and totally to disregard the interests of those whom
he has purchased at an extravagant price.
Although, happily, there are not now the
same number of places which may openly
be purchased as existed heretofore, before
the passing of the Reform Bill, yet there are very
few constituencies among which some venal electors
are not numbered, who may turn the scale in the
event of a close contest. It is too notorious that there
are many ready to accept head-money, treating, or
any other description of benefits under which bribery
may be disguised, in return for their votes, and that
it is only in cases where the candidates wholly and
positively refuse to sanction the least vestige of cor-
ruption that the purity of election is maintained. In-
deed—and bitterly do we regret the humiliating
fact—wherever there is a person ready to give, there
are numbers ready to accept at his hands ; and al-
though the fact may be perfectly notorious that money
has been given, the matter has been managed so pri-
vately and secretly, and with such precaution, as to defy
detection and a conviction for the offence, so as to
subject the party to the penalties prescribed by the
law. Any enactment, therefore, to prove effectual
must be directed towards the candidates and not the
electors. Let the bribery oath be administered to
the former and not the latter; prohibit the party
desirous of being elected from expending a single
shilling even of what are now termed legal expenses,
which should be defrayed by the place about to
return a representative ; you will thus, and thus
only, obtain a full and fair representation of the
people—a House collectively and individually selected
and chosen without any impropriety ; you will carry
into practice the constitutional theory, and you may
look forward in due season for the fruits of the whole-
some seed you have sown.
But these are not the only reasons for the change,
vast and important as they undoubtedly are. By so
doing, you will abolish a fertile source of crime.
How few of the parties who have accepted bribes will
hesitate to take the bribery oath if administered ! As
the Noble Lord remarked, there are probably not five
in a hundred who would not fill up the full measure
of the guilt, and stain their conscience with the crime
of wilful and corrupt perjury. How fearful is this
state of things, and how likely to lead to future guilt
and misery. The party who at first would only act
with the herd, will speedily become callous to every
moral obligation, and willing to plunge into still
greater guilt for any fancied benefit. The money he
may have obtained by such infamous means will be
wasted in the most criminal indulgences, for which
a taste will be acquired, and the party ready to com-
mit any crime to continue the enjoyment of his new
propensities. In fact there is everything to be urged
in favour of the change, and nothing can be alleged
in favOur of the present system. It is deeply to Le
regretted that it is now too late to obtain an efficient
measure to preserve the country from the contamina-
tion to which it must soon be exposed. The state-
ment of the Noble Lord will, however, we trust, have
some effect in serving as a warning to those about to
engage in contests, that their actions will be scruti-
nized, and that if they expose themselves to the penal-
ties of the law, it will be jealously enforced, and the
offenders subjected to all its stringent provisions.

Letters from Rome, of the 3d instant, state that
the Cardinals had presented to the POPE a list of 100
names of persons whom they recommended to be
banished from the Roman states. This his Holiness
refused, and the fact having been notified to the
people, p
reforms
oins
the commotion, which was assuming an alarm-
ing character, was tranquillised, and it is hoped that
h
promised by his Holiness will have the
effect of satisfying all parties. It is added that the
brother of his Holiness is to be appointed to the
command of the National Guard about to be or-
ganized.

Madrid papers of the 7th have arrived.
It was reported that the English house of Saturn
had refused to negotiate the new loan on the terms
offered by the Government, and it was believed that
no Spanish house would venture to undertake it.
According to the Clamor Public°, the negotiations
for the formation of a Serrano Cabinet have been
revived.

A Carlist agent, on whose person has been found
documents of importance, has been arrested in Gal-
licia. lie had a letter of credit for 20,000 piastres.
It is said that the Ministers are seriously engaged in
the project of the QUEEN'S divorce. A grand ban-
quet has been given at the Palace to Cardinal'Bitu.,

timm, the POPE'S Envoy. The 'departures Ollllip
FRANCISCO DE PAULA and his family for San Sebas-
tian is fixed for the 7th.

The QUEEN is expected shortly at La Granja.
MADRID BOLSA, JULY 7.—The Three per Cents,
closed at 27 cash ; the Five per Cents. 17i ; Passives,

5+ cash.

We have received the Paris papers of Monday.
The financial situation of France is exciting general
uneasiness, which the demand for a new loan has not
at all tended to allay. On this subject the Courrier
Francais says—
" The budget has this year reached the almost incre-
dible amount of 1,600 millions of francs; taxes• have
wrung from France, ruined by innundations and protec-
tive duties, 1,600 millions—from France, forced by the
want of foresight of its Government, to pay a premium
of 1,200 millions to have bread ! But these 1,600 mil-
lions have not been sufficient to pay all the expenses, to
make up all the voids left by waste and peculation.
There is an enormous deficit of 750 millions! why such
used to be the whole budget of the empire, sufficient for
the glory of Austerlitz, Jena, Friedland, and Wagram
Our cheap Government, with its modest policy, had well
accustomed us to deficits; for the last ten years we have
had one regularly, but what no one ever witnessed was a
deficit of 750 millions! The Government itself appears
moved at the frightful consequences of such a disorder.
Meanwhile all the sources of public wealth are dried up,
and labour is generally suspended throughout the
country, yet the necessities of the moment must be
provided for, this deficit of 750 millions must be made
up, not reckoning the deficit of the next year. The
new Minister of Finance has for that purpose presented
a Bill for a first loan of 350 millions; and as, on the
other hand, the Chamber has lately augmented the amount
of the Treasury bonds by 200 millions, there remain
only 200 millions to be made up. The so-much-boasted-
of cleverness consisting only in living by expedients, it
is exceedingly probable that the 200 millions in question
will be obtained by a new emission of Treasury bonds.
It is so easy a mode of obtaining money! It is true that
it is the most certain means of ruining oneself; it is the
great resource of spendthrifts, who beforehand pledge
their revenues, and—as the phrase goes—eat the horse
in the stable. Why should it not be the resource of our
great statesmen? The amount of Treasury bonds will
be augmented, or, in other words, the budget will be
devoured beforehand! Such was the custom of the old
regime, that Government of great nobles, initiated by
our upstart gentlemen. The former perished in the
most frightful political tempest that history speaks of.
Will their imitators be more clear-sighted and more
fortunate? What is certain is, that this demand of 350
millions has profoundly moved the Bourse, and that
sad prognostications are made."
The Committee of the Chamber of Deputies on the

budget of receipts have completed their labours. In
their report they give a summary of the financial

situation of the country, and calculate that the year
1848 will add a new deficit of 90,000,000 f. to the
696,000,000 f. of previous deficits. The committee
on the budget of receipts, like that on expenses, con-
jures the Government to apply an immediate and
energetic remedy to this state of things by establish-
ing an equilibrium between the ordinary receipts and
expenses, and by confining the extraordinary ex-
penses within the limits of the reserves of the sinking
fund, which the Minister of Finance formally pro-
mised in his exposé des motifs on the loan. The com-
mittee proposes the pure and simple maintenance of
the receipts inscribed in the budget, which amount
to the sum of 1,391,126,510 f. In this sum

20,148,800 f. arise from the portion of the loan of
450,000,000 f., authorised in 1841, and applicable in
1848 to extraordinary public works. The committee
has only introduced some slight modifications in the
wording of some articles, and especially in Art. 14
on caution-money, to be deposited by receivers-
general, receivers of arrondissements, and percepteurs,
such modifications being suggested by the Minister
of Finance himself.

It is evident that the proceedings at the Reform
banquet have caused some alarm to the Ministry.
The Journal des Debats, which at first was silent on
the subject, and then endeavoured to sneer it down as
a matter of no importance, now indirectly admits the
positive importance of the event, by endeavouring to
show that it is not relatively so important as the
Opposition would make it appear, because it was not
attended by MM. TRIERS, ARAGO, and REMUSAT,
and because the number of Deputies present were
only between forty and fifty, instead of between fifty
and sixty. The presence, however, of M. ODILON

BARROT, M. GUSTAVE DE BEAUMONT, M. DUVER-
GIER DE HAURANNE, and ➢l. LEON DE MALLEVILLE
(who is Vice-President of the Chamber of Deputies,

having recently beaten the Ministerial candidate for
that office), is quite sufficient to render this gathering
an affair of great importance.

The trial of General CUBIERES and his co-accused
was continued on Saturday, and the evidence tended
greatly to implicate M. TESTE. Private letters from
Paris of a later date than these papers state that M.
TESTE admitted his guilt on Monday, and had at-
tempted suicide.

The prospects of the harvest are most promising.
New wheat has already been brought to market in
the south of France.

The heat in Paris is intense. On Monday at ninc
o'clock in the morning the thermometer was at 90
(Fahrenheit).

The Three• per Cents. closed at 77f. 60c. ; the Five per
Cents. at 1181 45c. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,271 f.
25c. ; Rouen, 961 f. 25c. ; Havre, 640 f. ; Great Northern,
571 f. 25c. ; Avignon, 642 f. 50c. ; Vierzon, 593 f. 75c. ; Bordeaux,
501 f. 25c. ; Boulogne, 395 f. ; Troyes and Montereau, 270 f. ;
Basle, 183 f. 75c. ; Dieppe, 310 f.; Paris and Strasburg, 425 f. ;
Paris and Lyons, 428 E 75c. ; Lyons and Avignon, 433 f. 75c. ;
Bordeaux and Cette, 460.

MARSEILLES, JULY B.—Marseilles and Avignon, 661
25c.; Northern, 567 f. 50c.

LYONS, JULY 10.—Paris and Rouen, 9501. ; Avignon
; and Marseilles, 643 f. 75c. Vierzon, 590 f. ; Nortern, 563 f.
75c. ; Paris and Lyons, 4261. 25c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JULY 13.
Boulogne and Amiens, 154—East Indian, 1/4—Luxem-
bourg, 11/2—Northern of France, NlA—West Flanders, 4.

LECTURES ON LIFE ASSURANCE. —Under the
auspices of the British Empire Mutual Life Assurance
Company several lectures have lately been delivered in
various parts of the metropolis, by Mr. Stanesby, for the
purpose of explaining and illustrating the principles and
advantages of life assurance, especially in its application,
in which the company referred to appears to be taking
the lead, to the circumstances and requirements of the
working classes, the smaller order of tradesmen, and
such parties as form the bulk of our savings' bank de-
positors, shareholders in building societies, and members
of benefit and burial clubs. In one of these lectures, de
livered on Wednesday evening last at the British School
Rooms, Denniark-street, Islington, before a respectable
company of both sexes, the Rev. J. Blackburn occupying
the chair, Mr. Stanesby dwelt much upon the lamentable
fact that thousands of the industrial classes are paying
very dearly for the insecure benefits offered by burial
clubs (the fallacious character of their basis being, as
his calculations clearly proved, fully sufficient to account
for their frequent failure, without imputing any dis-
honesty to their managers), while the cheap and secure
benefits of genuine life assurance, based upon accurate
vital statistics, had been hitherto, practically, beyond
their reach. By treating on precisely the same advan-
tageous terms the labouring man who can only insure for
201. and the merchant or gentleman who insures for
5,0001., the above-mentioned company offers a remedy
for this state of thin ;s; while, by various ingenious ap-
plications of the assurance principle, it affords facilities,
as the lecturer explained by various familiar ilustrations,
for securing endowments for children, marriage portions,
apprenticeship fees or premiums, and funds for the re
demption of mortgages, the renewal of leases, and other
contingencies in which the man of business is interested.
One novel branch of assurance business transacted by
the comprny appears especially to deserve the attention
of investors in building societies and savings' banks.
We refer to the Investment Assurances, by which a safe
and profitable channel is provided for even the most
moderate savings. We cannot too urgently call atten-
tion to the duty of making such provision against the
uncertainty of life as it is the object of these lectures
to explain, illustrate, and enforce. Every husband and
father owes it to his wife and family to shield them
against the distress which might arise from his death,
and owes it to society at large that he should adopt such
measures as may prevent those whom he is the means
of bringing into the world from becoming a public bur-
den. Could
be
odfosnoembey a
hundredspenny oaf
day?"
den. Could the lecturer's answer to the question, "What
thousandsbe brought oocogrh
ot
ulib e ft or
yr emtehoe,
it would effect a deadly thrust at pauperism; and could it
beimpressed upon the minds of our fair countrywomen,
not a few would follow out his advice, to give husbands'
no rest, and would-be husbands no consent, until they
had done something in the way of insuring that
most valuable, most universal, but most insecure of all
possessions, the property depending upon human life.
DEVASTATION BY INSECTS.—The wood known as
Dungeon Wood, at Lockwood, near Huddersfield, now
presents
a somewhat naked appearance, in consequence
of the ravages committed on the foliage of the oak by a
small green grub (the aphides quercus) of about half an
inch in length, and commonly known as the plant louse.
The tiny devastator can, by means of a thread which it
spins, voluntarily raise or lower itself, so that when the
leaves are devoured in one place it can proceed to an-
other. The genial warmth of the summer sun seems to
be of great assistance to it
.in its labourers, and in propa-
gation of its kind, for while the trees on the south side
almost naked, the north side is very little worse. W. e
are
eed hardly say that the trees, in consequence of being
thus deprived of their clothing at a. seasonh when it must
be required, are already cracking in.t e bark.
Nearly
the whole of the trees being oak (for touches..ne other)
the wood, when viewed from an eminence in its neigh-
bourhood, has the appearance of premature decay.—
fiatffax Guardian.
A correspondent states that the earning • sof three
of what are termed the halfpenny steam boats, which
ply between London-bridge and the Adelphi. average
1004 per day each,

aArk .spit i .14,4
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