The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-21 00:00:00

The prevailing gradient is 20 feet.
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fourths of the whole distance.
Three Summits—Mertham, 9 miles 24 chains ; Bal-
combe, 23 miles 28.64 chains ; Clayton, 27 miles.
The width of the embankments at top is 24 feet
There are 99 bridges overand under the Railway, which
are built chiefly of brick, with stone dressings. The
stones used are partly obtained from the Heddon Quar-
ries near Newcastle-on -Tyne.
The arches of the Railway are in span 30 feet, in
thickness 5 rings, and 16 feet in height. Between the
parapets of bridges carrying the Railway over the roads,
the clear width is 27 feet 10 inches, and 1 bricks in
thickness.
Over the Ouse valley is the largest viaduct on the line,
462 yards long, and 60 feet high, with 37 arches. The
estimated costi.of the three tunnels at Merstham, Bal_
comb, and Clayton Hill is 150,000/.
Earthworks—The cuttings amount to 6,861,683 cubic
yards, or at the rate of upwards of 156,000 cubic yards
per mile.
In July 1839, according to Mr. Rastrick, there were
4,769 men and 570 horses engaged in the removal of
earth.; in January 1840, there were 4,370 men and 695
horses employed, and five locomotive: engines; and in
July there were 6,206 men and 960 horses, besides
five locomotives.
The Merstham tunnel, north cutting, is the largest work
in this department, being nearly a million- of cubic
yards, consisting principally of chalk.
The principal embankments are at Earl's Wood-com-
mon and Vale Pool, containing each about half a million •
of cubic yards. The rails are four feet nine inches
'part, and are in lengths of 15 feet, weighing 761 b, to
the yard. Some are on liyanised wooden sleepers, anti
some upon atone blocks. Where blocks have been used
the patent felt is inserted between the chair and the
block. The cost per mile is about 39,0001.
The Greenwich Railway, and the London and Croy-
don Railways, are at present used by the Brighton Rail-
way Company. The Brighton line commences at aboa:
9% miles from London, and proceeds to the left of Croy -
don. Near the station is Addiscornbe House, the East
India Company's Military Academy.
Croydon is distant about ten miles from London, con-
sists principally of a well-built street of a mile in length,
and is divided into the old and new town ; in the form;l
is the Church, a spacious building, with a lofty embat-
tled tower, containing the remains and monument
erected to the memory of Archbishops Sheldon, Wade,
Grindall, Whitgift, Potter, and Herring. The monu-
ment of Archbishop Sheldon is a fine piece of sculpture, •
representing that prelate in his episcopal robes.
The remains of the Archiepiscopal mansion, said to
have been a Royal Palace .erected soon after the Con-
quest, is well worthy the attention of the visitor.
Whitgift 's Hospital is a fine brick building, erected
by Archbishop Whitgift, in 1596, at an expense of 2,7004
and endowed for twenty. eight poor brethren and sisters,
being parishioners of Croydon or Lambeth, and nomi-
nated by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The chapel i
the hospital contains a fine portrait of the founder.
Addiscome-place, near Croydon, which was purchased
in 1809 of E. H. D. Radcliffe, Esq., was previously the
residence of the late Earl of Liverpool. The land con-
sists of 63 acres freehold (including 5 acres purchased
in 1823), and 24 rent-hold. The present mansion is a
brick edifice, by W. Draper, Esq. (the architect being
probably Vanburgh), in a fanciful style of architecture'
bordering upon the Elizabethan, and consists of a
basement, two state stories, and an attic. The
walls and ceilings of the grand staircase and saloon
Ire decorated with paintings by Sir James Thornhill,
from the heathen mythology, finished in a masterly man-
ner. The Cadets' dining-hall is situated in those part,
)f the building to the north of the mansion, and is a
grand room, about 43 feet square, having windows on the
north and south sides, decorated with seagliola pilasters.
of the Corinthian order, and the centre part having co-
lumns and entablature supporting the roof, all in the
Grecian style. The mansion is an elegant residence,
and now in the occupation of Major-General Sir Ephraim
Stanners, C. 8., the Lieutenant-Governor of the Institu-
tion, who has assigned a portion as quarters for the
stafkaptain, &c.
The character of the design of the east front, or public
entrance, is not so imposing as its extent of frcintage
ought have admitted ; but the garden front, which is
scarcely seen, produces a.more pleasing effect. Previous
to its conversion into a military seminary, the--edirditiorr--
,)f the Company's cadets was conducted partly at the
Royal Military College, Marlow. partly at the Royal
Military Academy, Woolwich, or in part privately.
The annual total expense of the seminary, upon an
average of the six years ending Midsummer, 1835, may
be taken at about 20,0007., of which the Company's pro-
portion was between 11,000/. and 12,000/. The number
of cadets qualified during this period was—engineers,
58, artillery, 80, infantry, 242. The age for admission
to the institution is from fourteen to eighteen, subject
also to a preliminary examination in arithmetic and
Latin of the candidates, who are nominated by the mem-
bers of the Court of Directors, and by the President of
Board of Control. The cadets have temporary Commis-
and the local rank as ensigns in her Majesty's
army, whilst doing duty at the establishment for field

instruction.
Around Croydon are several fine seats and residences;
amongst which is Beddington Park, the ancient seat
the Carewes. Finally, Sir James Carewe entertained
Queen Elizabeth during her progresses at this seat, and
here the first orange trees were raised in England, from
pips supplied by Sir Walter Raleigh, the brother-in law
of Carewe.

The next station is the Stoat's Nest, and through
the chalk hill of Merstham, through which a tunnel is cut.
A short distance from Red-hill is the junction of the
South Eastern Railway. There is another tunnel at Bal-
combe. A third tunnel near Wiversfield ; a fourth
at Clayton ; and the short tunnel entering Brighton-
Near one of the stations is Gatton Inn, famous as being
one of the old rotten boroughs. Before the passing of the
Reform Bill it returned two Members to Parliament.
The franchise was given in the reign of Henry VI.
Gatton Park, one quarter of a mile from the line, is a
very fine place. The approach to the house from the
101 e on the summit of the Reigate Hills, is most beauti-
ful. The grounds are well laid out, the lake, forty acres in
extent, is tastefully embellished by two small well-
phlnted islands ; the water abounds in wild fowl. A littl
farther is Reigate, a neat town, standing on the
chalk. The church contains some very fine monuments
The entrance to the station at Brighton is a very fine
structure; indeed throughout the line Mr. Rastrick has
executed his -work with a masterly hand, and we enter-
tain no doubt that the Railway will be the means of
increasing the property of the town, and that its progress
r, ill be onward, as it has hitherto been. The
increased value of property may be estimated when
we find that Mr. Kemp claimed 34,0001. for
13 acres 4 roods of land required by the Railway Com-
pany, and 10,0001. for compensation for damages, and
that the jury awarded him 10,000/. for land, and 2,950 t
foe compensation for damages. The Shoreham branch
v. as opened to the public on the 12th of May, 1840, and
cost 148,003.

SINGULAR REFLUX IN THE SEA.—Sunday
last was a misty dark day, with wind S.S.W. to S.
About noon the low growl of distant thunder was heard,
and the wind lulled, which rendered the fog more dense.
At Kihnore, 10 miles south of this town, and directly
opposite the Saltee Islands, the attention of the inha-
bitants was attracted about noontime to a number of

short, loud, but rather smothered reports, like cannons,
and it was supposed that they proceeded from some ship
bewildered by the fog. The tide had flowed pretty well
at the time, and the fishing-boats in the pier were all
afloat, when in the space of two or three minutes the
water receded from the pier, and some walked d ryshod
where that short space before the boats had been floating
in five or six feet water. In the course of five minutes
the waters began to return much in the same way as
they had receded, and the tide continued to rise for the
n ual time. There was no extraordinary commotion.
may an increased surf. After repeated rolls of thunder,
n l some heavy showers, the sky cleared up. It is the
b. lief generally that this singular motion was the effect
o 1 an earthquake, whose shocks have of late been so fre-
vently experienced in the north of Scotland.—Wc.rford
Conservative.
THE MONARCHICAL EFFIGIES OF THE
I. TE

.OYAL EXCHANGE.—The stone figures which
Inerly stood in the niches of the walls of the Royal
Exchange, and which so much attracted the notice' of
.reigners who were in the habit of frequenting that
b: ildmg for the pinpose.of transacting their mercantile
n-gotiations, are now lying in a dilapidated and neglected
state on the premises of a statuary and mason in the
Vauxhall-road. The heads are detached from the
ii,;:tres, and the limbs of most of the latter are broken,
an:l were it not for the costumes, which alone distinguish
them, they would not be recognized as being what they
once were, excellent models of the likenesses and ops-
tomes worn by the Kings and Queens of England, prom__
tilt: time of the Conquest up to the re.ign'af George IV.
The General Steam Navii;ation ComPanY
Packet, the Columbineorwobod, from Rotterdam,
arrived off the Custom- se on Sunday with the Dutch

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