The Sun.
London, England, 1847-06-23 00:00:00

half of the rental of that country is taken from the
landlords by mortgagees and other claimants. They
are, therefore, without the means of improving their
properties, however beneficial the consequences would
be to themselves and to the people in general. But this is
not all, the inducement to do so is also withheld. By far
the greater portion of these properties are secured in
strict settlement and by binding entails. The needy
owner, who may hare a large family of younger
children, eamparatively portionless, will not seek
still further to enrich his eldest son at the
expense of the remainder of his family. He
cannot charge the inheritance of the lands
with the sums expended on their improvements, not-
withstanding that inheritance may be thereby ren-
dered far more valuable. He cannot alienate the
useless acres to others, who would be ready and
willing to convert them into rich arable and pasture,
he cannot even grant a long lease, being tied down
in the strictest manner by powers, apparently framed
under the supposition that he would, if possible, rob
his successor in the most barefaced manner. By
these means he is rendered utterly helpless, and unable
to take any efficient steps for the introduction of
a better system. Of course there are many who
form striking exceptions to this class, who well and
efficiently discharge the duties incidental to their po-
sition. But, unfortunately, the great majority are
such as we have described, and improvements
in such cases are wholly impracticable. But
even had the owner the absolute property in
his lands, there is a great, although not an insuper-
able, difficulty interposed, by reason of the compli-
cated character of the law of real property. Should
he desire to borrow money, in order himself to take
the necessary steps, or to lease the land to others for
that purpose, it will be necessary for him to make
out his title thereto, in the first instance, and any one
who is at all acquainted with the delays, difficulties,
and expenses of such a proceeding in the Green
Island, will not be surprised at hearing that it
operates as an effectual bar to any step being taken
in the great majority of instances.
We have thus stated the causes of this singular
neglect and apathy—they are not merely the want
of capital, but also the want of means, by which the
persons effecting the improvements may be
made certain of enjoying the fruits thereof,
or at least of being recompensed for the
amount of their outlay, if deprived of the
lands themselves. Extensive leasing powers should
be granted to every person possessing even a life
interest with respect to lands of less than a certain
value. A. compulsory law should be introduced
by which every man, unable or unwilling to bring
his lands into cultivation, should be obliged to dis-
pose of them at the fair value to those who would
do so. The Government are fully alive to the ne-
cessity of introducing a just and comprehensive mea-
sure ; the extraordinary pressure of business, during
the present sitting, compelled them to postpone that
intention, but we have no doubt that due advantage
will be taken of the recess, and that we shall be pre-
sented with a Bill well matured, and fully equal to
meet the difficulties it is desirable to overcome.

The Swiss Catholic Gazette contains the following,
under date Lucerne, 14th instant :
" The Committee charged with preparing the instruc-
tions to be given to the Diet agreed yesterday to pro-
pose the following resolution to the Grand Council:—
The deputation will declare to the Diet that the Can-
ton of Lucerne is opposed to all intervention on the part
of a majority of twelve cantons in the affair of the Ca-
tholic League and the Jesuits, and will resist with arms
all attempts to enforce the execution of any decree the
may issue on the subject."'

In its sitting of the 16th the three states of the
Prussian Diet adopted, by 220 votes against 115, the
Bill for the admission of Jews to all places, except
such as are connected with the exercise of other
furies of worship, or with religious instruction. The
Government communicated on the 16th an order for
prolonging the session of the States until the orders
of the day shall have been got through. The session
is expected to terminate at the end of the present
month. The Committee of the first Order has voted
by seven votes against three in favour of the periodi-
cal meetings of the Diet, and it was stated that it had
also voted by the same majority against quadrennial
committees, and against the deputation. It was even
added, that the KING had renounced the right of nomi-
nating such committees. It was stated that his MA-
JESTY would close the session by a speech, in which he
will reply to all the representations that have been
made to him relative to the constitution of the States.
In the sitting of the 17th, the Diet voted by 254
votes against 212 the admission of Jews to political
and municipal offices, by 222 against 183 for their
admission as professors of mathematical, medical, and
natural sciences in the Universities, by 223 to 156
votes for the creation of a Jewish theological chair in
one of the Universities; but the Diet determined, by
260 votes against 180, that Jews should be excluded
from employments connected with elementary in-
struction, and by 220 votes to 219 against their being
allowed to be elected Deputies of the general or pro-
vincial Diets.

The Observateur of Brussels states that orders have
been given that the Prussian State Gazette shall not
be allowed to enter Austria. - •

The High Court of Justice of Vienna lately pro-1
nounced judgment in a case of 33 soldiers, accused of
high treason, for participation in the Polish conspi-
racy of 1835. It acquitted 17, reserving, however,
the right to prosecute 'them again if circumstances,
should render it advisable. The other 16 were de-
clared guilty, and condemned to death. The Em-
PEROR, however, remitted the penalty of death, and
ordered the Aulic Council of War to fix other degrees
of punishment. This it has just done, by condemn-
ing the prisoners to hard labour in fortresses for 18;
15, 12, and 10 years.

The Madrid mail had not arrived in Paris vibe]
the post left on Monday.

We have received the Paris papers of Monday.
The Court of Peers met on Monday to hear the
report of the Committee on the CUBIERES affair
After hearing the report read, the Peers, of whorn
202 were present, proceeded to consider whether
there was sufficient ground to place MM.
CUBIERES, TESTS, PAEMENTIER, and PALLp-
PRAT on their trial. The proceedings are
to remain secret until the Court shall have decided
on this point. It is said that in the case of M. EMILE
DE GIRARDIN a different sort of justice will be dealt
out, and that although General CUBIERES has been
permitted to expose the corruption alleged to have
been practised by M. TESTE, M. EMILE DR GIRARDIN
will not be permitted to expose the corruption alleged
to have been practised by MM. GnizoT and Dc-
CHATEL- , We can scarcely credit this assertion,
su.b:cefctthtehediescolousrrurieesr Foa.]
sin gmai.sde sa
' which is made by the Union Monarchique. On this
f
yGsi—rardin and M. Thi-
baudeau do not produce for MM. Guizot and Duchatel a
situation exactly similar to that which the disclosures of
General Cubiiires have produced for M. Teste, we do not
know what logic is—we cannot comprehend what ho-
nour is! M. Duchatel protests with force, cries out
calumny, and meets all these grievances with the
strongest denials. But what matter the denial of M.
Duchatel ? Has not M. Teste also thrown back the
accusation from the first moment that it was brought
forward? Has ho not strongly defended himself in the
tribune? Is he the less obliged to appear at the bar of
the Court of Peers? We do not say that M. Duchatel
is culpable; we merely wish to see him establishing
his innocence as clearly as possible. Do you
suppose that M. Teste has allowed himself to
be guilty ? Do you suppose that at the pre-
sent moment he is not endeavouring to justify himself
completely? And is M. Teste on that account less
obliged to appear at the bar. of the Court of Peers ? Once
more, we repeat, we do not say that M. Duchatel and
111. uizot are guilty; it is sufficient for us now to declare
that they are accused! And, of what offences? Our pen
hesitates to state them, so ctifficult is it for us to restrain
our disgust. They are accused of having wanted to sell
promises of peerages! of having wanted to sell laws! of
having sold a theatrical privilege for 100,000f.1 If the
accusers are to be crecli,;e d, nothing is sacred for our
Ministers, neither the f artune of the citizens nor the
public revenue! nothing, not even the law! nothing, not
even the character of the legislator! And you suppose,
gentlemen, you shall get, for the vague denials which you
have uttered in the trib ane of Palais-Bourbon! You are
innocent, you say. Fio much the better; we shall be
happy if such infamie ,s did not take place under our con-
stitutional regime. But let your innocence be shown
clearly in the open day! It is your interest above all
that it should be so! It is your interest that a minute
inquiry should remo, fe from your foreheads even
, the
shadow of a stain, the • appearance of a suspicion.'
An active intrigi ae is going on in Paris to bring
about the downfal • of the Pacheco Ministry in Spain,
and to raise General NAEVAEZ to the post of Prime
Minister. The tereneral, it is said, is in hourly
expectation
ed. legraphic dispatch, requiring his