The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-13 00:00:00

MAGAZINES, &c. --(CONTINUED.)

stead of gold, such issues of notes as they may re- from one part of the United Kingdom to another, or from
quire beyond the limits affixed to their respective cir- tiT United Kingdom to the Isle of Man, or from the
the
culations by the existing Act ;" and " that the Bank I "t. Atari to the United Kingdom ex e 1,5 in British
Thilirestriction, so far as passengeis are con-
of England should hold, at all Limes, a portion of its
‘1,a.4 .ir-timposed in 1845."
assets in the public securities of Continental State,
in speaking of tho objections raised against the
abandonment of this. system the Edinburgh acknow-
in lieu of an equivalent amount of the British securi-
ledges that " the first and greatest obstacle" is the
ties at present held by that establishment." There is
also a " Second Letter to Country People on Coun-
sanction,givento it by " the Master of Economic
try Banks," "The Savings' Bank Operations during
Science. ' We cannot, however, with all our dis-
onthe last Half-year," " Banking and Commercial Law
inclination to see a total abrogation of the existing
Frauds with Cheques drawn without Effects," and
enactments, but coincide with the reviewer in think-
the usual reports and communications.
ing that the reasoning of the celebrated passage in
which Adam Smith calls the Act of Navigation "per-
haps the wisest of all the commercial regulations of
England" in a very great measure at " variance with
its conclusions." Many of the facts and figures given
in this adroit paper are forcible, and are such as
would admit of quotation in the House of Commons,
when the matter is agitated during the approaching
session. " Antiquarianism in England" is a calm,
critical, and toothsome compilation ; it would (to
employ a vulgar but expressive term) have been nuts
to Jonathan Oldbuck. " Germrny, from the Con-
gress of Rastadt to the Battle of Jena" is an histo-
rical synopsis of the events which transpired in
Vaterland during that memorable interval. To
those who have perused the last volume published
of M. Thiers' " History of the Consulate and the
Empire" it will be curious reading, seeing how
frequently the writer is at variance with the eloquent
historian of Napoleon. In the course of an excellent
review of "Macgregor's Progress of America," the
Edinburgh remarks:(and with perfect truth), that
the present Member for the city of Glasgow "is so
thoroughly conversant with the art of dealing with
statistical figures, and long habit (as Secretary to
the Board of Trade) has rendered him such a master
of arrangement, that an inquirer, even moderately
familiar with such studies, will find himself easily
enabled to turn to the particular pigeon-hole
in which the materials he is in search of
are deposited." " The Study of the Christian
Evidences" is a singular examination of some
discourses and essays upon miracles and ethical doc-
trines, by Messrs. Palmer, Newman, and Parker.
" Holland; itsfßural Industry and its Drainage,"
will be read with satisfaction by all those farmers
who have recovered from their chagrin at the destruc-
tion of the protective system, and who are ready to
gird up their loins and compete valiantly and confi-
dently with continental agriculturists. " Napier's
Florentine History " is reviewed at some considerable
length, and most assuredly has furnished the text for
the most charming and delightful article for October.
In speaking of the work of this intelligent sea-
captain, the reviewer says, " It is agreeable to meet
with a history which is neither a compilation nor an
abridgment, and with an historian who reflects in his
rough and racy style the picturesque simplicity of
his originals." A few sentences, covering just five
pages of the Edinburgh, are devoted to the considera-
tion of " the Papal States and Pius IX." What is
said, however, upon this subject is said emphatically,
and although the dictionary has been very nearly
" used up ' in regard to eulogistic epithets by
the hundreds who have written and spoken
of the reforming Pontiff, the reviewer adds
another exclamatory panegyric to those which have
already resounded throughout Europe. " Pius IX."
he says, " is a ruler, resolute as Luther, yet gentler
than Melancthon." The commendation is as beau-
tiful as it is deserved. When alluding further on to
the Austrian policy towards the Italians, the same
writer remarks, " the instant that a spark of life
appears in Italy, the hoof of the Croat is set in
motion to tread it out." Yes, that has been true
almost for centuries, but it is true no longer. The
spark has spread into a conflagration, and the life
which has now appeared in Italy is the eternal and
unquenchable vitality of Freedom. In reference to
Louis Philippe's astute President of the Council and
Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Edinburgh senten-
tiously observes, " Whoever wishes to study severe
morality on paper, will do well to read M. Guizot's
writings: whoever wishes tesstudy loose morality, illus-
trated by examples, cannot do better than track him
in his late Ministerial career." The remaining pages
of this liberal quarterly are devoted to the examina-
tion of the problem as to whether the prevention of
crime, by the extension of popular education, is
possible, and of the rights of property, as connected
with the " Celtic Clearings, Free Sites, and High-
land Passes." The character of No. 174 is more
sombre and matter-of-fact than is usual with the Edin-
burgh; yet that difference, however, is, for the time
being, acceptable.

DOUGLAS JERROLD.

Mr. 101 l concludes hi.A va!uable series of papers on
Young `Pats :n in this number. The description of
the escape of this i:l.starred youth to America has all
the absorb.ng interest of a romance. After describing
his leaving Mr. Holl's house, at Camden Town, the
writer thus proceeds :
" His next removal was to Pendrill's house in New-
gate-street, and but a short distance from Beckwith's
shop, the scene oil his mad folly, the cause of so much
peril to himself and others, and of death to his ill starred
rescuer.
" The execution of Cashman was fixed for the next
play, and the noise of busy preparation in the erection of
his scaffold, reached Watson as he lay. Barriers were
thrown up to keep the people back, who were expected
in multitudes to witness the execution, and the ham-
mering, or heavy fall of timber, struck upon his ear the
dreadful coming of the morrow! The man who saved
his life was to suffer death—death for his fault! The
thought was maddening, and each fresh sound smote as
on his heart.
" The outdoor sympathy for the condemned Cashman
was great, and fearful of an outbreak, or attempt at rescue,
the military had orders to be under arms, in readiness to
lepel any attempt of the expected multitude.
" With the dim morning, the people came! The gal-
ows was up! 'The man was to die! The fearful knell
of the dying, and his awful doom, called them forth as
with a soft voice from distant home and bed ' to see the
sight;' and the best view of mortal suffering was bartered
from many a window front or house-top.
" The grey morn had scarcely mixed with the black
night, and seekers for the best places came straggling on,
when a door opened, and Young Watson, Pendrill, and
Moggridge, passed forth, and made their way through
those who came or those who had already made their
stand. Passed by the very side of those who had sought
him far and wide. Him, whoso name uttered on that
spot, would have made them spring as at a started deer.
He and his companions passed unsuspected on, and meet-
ing still at every turn fresh comers to the scene of death,
shaped their way towards Gravesend,
" The vessel in which he had secured his berth, the
' Venus,' had dropped down the river, from the docks;
and once on board, he trusted to escape a doom, the
dismal preparations for which he had so lately left
behind. On they went, walking with stout limbs and
eager hopes to Gravesend.
" Meanwhile, the game of death went on! The day-
light came, and the busy crowd streamed in to see
their fellow suffer. The barriers erected kept them in
partial check, and aided by numerous police-officers
and their assistants, the people were held back from
pressing too closely on the immediate neighbourhood
of the gallows.
" The bell had tolled. Newgate gave up its prey,
and the cart came on.
"The multitude was vast. And as the sheriffs ad-
vanced with that fearful cart and its death-doomed load,
the mob, in expression of their indignation, began to
groan and hiss ; attempts were made at rescue, and to
rush forward, but the barriers prevented their encroach-
ment, and the crowd was beaten back. Cashman alone
seemed careless of the fate awaiting him, and on leaving
Newgate, had said: 'I am going to die, but I shall not
shrink. I have done nothing against my king and
country, I have always fought for them.'
" The cart came rolling on—halted—and Cashman
mounted the gallows steps with a light and bounding
tread. The moment he appeared on the platform, the
groans of indignation mingled with hisses, were redoubled.
The executioner, to hasten his work, began to draw the
cap over his face, when he exclaimed, "For God's sake,
let me see to the last.' His wish was complied with.
The bolt was drawn—the man was dead—dead without
a struggle.
" The street was thronged as for a fair; windows and
house-tops, filled with eager eyes, gazed on the sickening
spectacle! Alone, the house of Beckwith looked with
darkened windows on the sight!
" Meanwhile, Watson and his companions journeyed
on their way to Gravesend. Hoping, but fearful in their
hope, they passed along, and covered the long miles with
willing feet. The town was gained ; the vessel was in
sight. Yes, there it lay upon the waters, to him, at
least, a thing of life, of hope, and liberty.
" As it was not thought advisable to Young Watson's
companions that they should accompany him on board,
with a ' God bless you !' they parted with the flying
man, and after resting from their lengthened walk, they
journeyed back as best they could, and left Young Wat-
son to the accomplishment of his flight.
" On deck, and mid the murmur of a hundred tongues,
he dwelt alone upon the thought of freedom—of escape
from danger and pursuit. Yet up and down he walked
and felt each eye was on his, eager and suspicious!
Fearful himself, he conjured up a thousand and a thou-
sand foes, who crossed him as he walked! Who shall
know the thoughts of that young man, who fled from
death, yet feared its peril still at every turn? Alone,
he walked the deck, away from friends, from kindred, all
he valued—alone, and with but one thought—life!
" The time had come, and the vessel was to sail. Fond
eyes were stretching to the distant shore, while others
looked with sadness on their own, and wondered if they
ever should see it more! The vessel was to sail, the
goods were shipped, the passengers on board. The sails
were spread, and swelling in the wind, the ready ship
obeyed their impulse, and with eager leap ploughed up
the tide! All looked with curious eyes upon the sea-
man's craft, as sail on sail came swaying down, and
caught the willing breeze—all looked—but there was
still a pair of eyes, that looked intense, and burning!
The anchor weighed, and all was ready for a start, when
—Bomb! A gun was fired from the shore, the signal to
lie to.

THE MIRROR.

The novel of "Paul Pevensey," of which we have four
additional chapters in the present number, is a work
which the world will not willingly let die. It is
years since a novel has appeared so perfect in all re-
spects as Paul Pevensey. The descriptions are beau-
tiful exceedingly, the diction is eloquent, the dialogue
appropriate, and the incidents striking, without being
improbable. The author's great forte, however, is in
the conception and delineation of character. Paul him-
self, Wilkinson, the showman, and his wife and
attendants, are all living, moving, breathing, human
beings, not as is too often the case mere lay figures.
It is, however, in the character of Kate Pevensey, that
the originality and genius of the author are most
cleverly manifested. A woman of great natural
powers, but of uncultivated intellect, brought up as a'
labourer in a coal mine, Kate Pevensey meets with a
gentleman of education, who is attraced by her per-
sonal charms. Seduced by his refinement and edu-
cation, she falls a victim to his arts. He deserts her,
and she gives birth to a son. She indulges in the
hope of meeting him again, or at least of hearing
from him, and she determines to learn to read. For
this purpose she applies to the daughter of the clergy-
man of the parish for assistance, and becomes an
accomplished scholar, one able to read and
admire and appreciate Shakspere, and yet obliged to
earn her subsistence by working in a coal mine,
feeling keenly the disgust which fiery cultivated
mind must feel at being brought into constant and
close contact with the persons with whom she must
daily mix in such an avocation. We look with great
interest to the development of the character of Kate
Pevensey. Our author has studied the subject of
education, and his incidental observations thereon are
worthy of serious consideration.
" All the world now talks of education, but few think
of making silence and solitude an element of it, or of
enriching the youthful mind with those associations
which familiarity with external nature in her gentlest
and quietest moods is calculated to create. Nothing,
however, can be more wholesome or strengthening than
playing freely on the lap of our great mother when we
are engaged in the search after ideas. By so doing we
acquire a taste for the vast and the infinite, and escape
being absorbed by those frivolous amusements, or those
worldly habits, which are too apt to sway the minds of
those who are brought up exclusively in towns. Not
that we think meanly of the habitations of man, or of
that ocean of life and intelligence which rolls through
cities, for by this also we may profit; but that it is better
the soul should conceive its ofspring in tranquillity,
wherever it may afterwards bring forth.
" Paul Pevensey, at any rate, was compelled by cir-
cumstances to build up the first stratum of his know-
ledge with out of-door materials. What he had learned
in the pits we already know. He had, since his acquaint-
ance with the Wilkinsons, acquired many ideas of a
different class from woods and streams, from corn-fields
and new-mown hay, from moonlight walks in forests,
from mountain rills, from grassy springs and lakes, and
the infinite variety of sunrises and sunsets. Something,
too, he had observed of the habits of animals, and of
the virtues and vices of men, for among the showman's
attendants were fellows of all sorts; and the frequenting
of markets and fairs opened up a prolific field of study,
in the manners and incidents of vulgar life. To this
must be added the experience of Tom Link, whose ima-
gination bad been imbued with the colours of the East,
and who delighted in interesting and astonishing his
pupil by the most exciting and extravagant descriptions
of what he had himself witnessed or heard."

Is not this a more useful education than can be learned
in schools ? This passage alone is sufficient to prove
that the author of Paul Pevensey is no common man.
Mr. Percy St. John continues his novel of " Cecilia
Armand," and Mr. John Oxenford gives us some
exquisite translations from Jean Paul. We have a
curious collection of alliterative aphorisms, by B.
Barnett, and an admirable review of Mr. St. John's
work on the Eastern Archipelago. This is the best
number of the Mirror which has yet appeared.

THE MAN IN THE MOON. Edited by Alber

Smith and Angus B. Reach.
From an excellent quiz on the " Folk Lore," so
pompously paraded in the Athencrum, we extract the
following on " Smoke :"

THE QUARTERLY REYIE W. .No. CLXII.
In an elaborate paper, headed "Parliamentary
Prospects," the Quarterly reviews the character and
the numerical peculiarities of the newly-elected House
of Commons. It is amusing to observe what flattering
unctions are laid to the soul of Conservatism by the
only distinguished organ still remaining to that once
powerful, but now discomfited and powerless party.
Out of the most adverse circumstances the most
flattering and encouraging possibilities are prophesied.
Out of the most forlorn returns the most miraculously
propitious divisions are anticipated. While acknow-
ledging that the Ministerial Members will muster in
St. Stephen's (though under the incongruous category
of Whigs, Radicals, Repealers, and Chartists) some-
where about 330 in number, the Quarterly estimates
the Peelites at nearly 80, and calculates that there
will be upwards of 236 Protectionists. A most san-
guine disposition certainly I Yet even in this sup-
position of the relative proportions in the House there
must be an overwhelming superiority on the side of
the Russell Cabinet. For during
.the whole of the
last session it was manifest that those individuals
who are distinguished as Peelites were unananimous
and consistent in this coincidence with the views of
the Right Hon. Baronet the Member for Tamworth,
and that upon all occasions where popular reforms
were brought under the consideration of the Legisla-
ture, Sir Robert afforded the utmost assistance to
Lord John, both in the debates and in the division
lists. Such being the case, there is a moral certainty
that the Peelites will upon all important points swell
the majorities of the Administration, and taking the
modest estimate of the Protectionist organ as the cor-
rect one, that would give to Lord John Russell,
besides his original 327, an accession of numbers
which would raise his followers in numerical force to
407. We speak of the 327 being in principle Minis-
terialists, and we do so because, whatever may be the
opinions of the Repealers in regard to the administra-
tion of affairs in Ireland, it is certain that upon all
motions in which social and political reforms are
embodied, they, as well as the Radicals and the
Chartists, will fall in with the recognised supporters
of the Cabinet. Howevermuch the representatives
who are classified as Radicals and Chartists may
aspire to effect still more sweeping
measures of inno-
vation, they will, as sagacious and provident re-
formers, afford every aid for the realization of lesser
improvements, if only
as preliminary to others more
in accordance with their wishes. Having
put the
numbers in this matter-of-fact way, we doubt
not but that the Protectionists would confess the
reality of the preposition somewhat after the irre-
levant, spiteful, and very evasive manner of Mrs.
Gamp, when driven into a corner by her " frequend
pardner"—" IVho deniges of it, Betsy Prig ?—Betsy
Prig, who deniges of it ?" So far then we may esti-
mate the supporters of Lord John Russell (even to
the showing of the Quarterly) at 407: and taking
into account the Members still unenumerated—
Two double returns
Undeclared and doubtful
—and awarding these in the most partial manner—
namely, seven to the Protectionists, and siz to the
Ministerialists, the numbers would stand in this pro-
porton :
Ministerialists .................... 413
Protectionists
• ..... 2411
Sudbury disfranchised ..............

"In some of the suburbs of the metropolis a singular
practice prevails. Youths, generally under years of dis-
cretion, set out, towards dusk, on an expedition which
leads them to the obscure haunt of a female, usually of
the Hebrew race. With winks and other symbols, con-
veyed with aid of a patois peculiar to the individuals,
they express their meaning, and from the female they
receive several little brown rolls, of a disagreeable smell.
Lighting these at one end, the ignorant boys will suck
them during a whole evening, believing two strange
things—first, that the rolls in question come from a dis-
tant country, instead of an adjacent cabbage garden ;
and, secondly, that those who thus suck them appear
manly and dignified."

Had the shot struck his brain, it would scarce have
pained him loss. Young Watson sank upon a seat, sick,
and powerless.
" With straining eyes, he saw a boat put from the
shore—near and nearer it came to the stayed ship, and
seated in the fatal craft, he recognised Vickery and
Lavender, two Bow-street officers.
" Fancy,' he said when writing from a distant land.
Fancy my feeling of despair, when as the boat neared
the vessel's side, I saw my old enemies—Vickery and
Lavender, seated in the stern. They had some clue to
my method of escape—they had tracked me, and I gave
myself up for lost. The boat reached the gangway—
was fastened to it, and the two officers, attended by a
magistrate, mounted the ship's side. They were followed
—Young Watson could scarce believe the evidence of his
sight—by an old and bosom friend of his—a Mr. Whit-
taker, a clerk in Somerset House. Escape was hopeless
—he was in their grasp!
"It afterwards appeared this young man had been
pressed into the aid of the police (who had evidently
obtained some clue to Youn& Watson's means of escape)
in the hopes some sudden look, or exclamation, would
betray him to their sight. For there is no reason to
suppose Mr. Whittaker ever would have played so false
a part as to turn bloodhound in the service of the law,
and scent his early friend unto his death. Whether or
not he recognised Young Watson, and had sufficient
command over his countenance not to betray him, must
ever remain a mystery, though the young man's appear-
ance was 'so changed, that even his old friend might pass
him by, unheeded and unknown.
•` Once on board, the officers eyed round them with a
keen and searching look. They came,' they said,
in search of some person who had committed murder.'
Every one was subject to the strictest scrutiny, and,
fearful of detection, Young Watson was about to go
below, and so to fi❑d a hiding-place among the many
recesses of the vessel ; 'twas well that he did not—for a
list of passengers was demanded by the officers, who
told them off by their names. The crew was subject to
the like inspection, and the vessel strictly searched.
" The officers were evidently at fault ; all were on
deck, and one by one they were made to run the
gauntlet,' and to pass between the officers, the magis-
trate, and young Watson's friend. A lynx-eyed watch
was kept, not only on his countenance, but on that of
each who passed ; when, strange to state, and affording
another proof of the singularity of Young Watson's
escapes, a young woman who was about to pass between the
officers fainted—whether from fear or what, we know not:
she was about joining a brother in America, and had
lately come on board ; feat ful, as it was supposed, of
detention or some hindrance to her passage, she fainted
as she was about to pass, and drew upon herself the
greedy oyes of the police, who looked with much sus-
picion and distrust upon her fainting form. Young
Watson, with a quickness and readiness of wit only met
with in trying circumstances, immediately proffered his
assistance to ' support the young lady while they pursued
their search.' The offer was accepted, and the search
went on. Passengers, crew, all passed ; and, one by
one, they underwent the keen and searching inspection
of the police.
" In the mean time Watson placed the fainting woman
on a seat, and moved between the officers as they stood
—less, perhaps, an object of suspicion, from his recent
ready aid, than those who but obeyed the call and went
thrpugh the ordeal with indifference or complaint. He
walked between them, and his heart, in his anxiety, beat
with such a heavy pulse, he feared the officer must
have heard it as he passed.' The peril of his situation,
and fear of his detection, made it distinct, at least to
high He passed ; and his joy may be conceived, when
he heard one officer whisper to the other, He is not
here.' "

The illustrations to this number are as usual ex,
cellent.

THE PATRICIAN. Edited by John Burke, Esq.
The trial of Spencer Cowper, brother of Lord
Chancellor Cowper, for the murder of Miss Stout, a
Quaker lady, is perhaps one of the most interesting
trials ever recorded. The subsequent career of Mr.
Spencer Cowper (who was acquitted) renders this
trial still more interesting. He subsequently entered
Parliament, and eventually became one of the Justices
of the Court of Common Pleas. This is the only
instance on record of the elevation to the Bench of
any person who had been tried for murder. He was
the grandfather of Cowper, the poet. The series
entitled " Deaths of the Sovereigns of England," is
concluded in this number; and "The Clubs of Lon-
don" are continued. The author gives us the history
of clubs from the Kit-Cat to the Beef-steak. We
have also several interesting fragments of family his-
tory in this number of the Patrician.

THE QUARTERLIES.

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW. No. CLXXIV.

A rather superficial, but ingenious, treatise upOn.
the " Laws respecting Navigation," is the principal
article in this quarter's number of the Edinburgh.
The question is becoming one of such extreme im-
portance, however, that any additional argument,
either pro or contra, is acceptable, if it be only con-
ducted with an honest impartiality. We are gratified,
therefore, in perusing a paper upon this interesting
subject in this eminent organ clad in blue and buff,
even though the writer has adventured upon his
theme without being thoroughly conversant with
the details of his subject. In his anxiety
to enter at once into the consideration of

the matter, he has exceeded the bounds of
discretion, but he has at least afforded another testi-
mony of how eminently necessary the final adjust-
ment of the enactments respecting navigation has
become since the doctrines of free trade have been
admitted by the Legislature into the commercial
portion of the constitution.: Besides its other labours,
Parliament will have to enter earnestly into the
examination of the preceding codes, and we are satis-
fied that, although the entire abrogation of the exist-
ing laws upon navigation would, at least yet awhile,
be most injudicious, as jeopardizing our maritime
preponderance, it will be found that some com-
prehensive modification is absolutely requisite
for the facilitation of trade and the full de-
velopment of our mercantile resources. The
changes which have been already made from
time to time show that the question is one of very con-
siderable difficulty. An Act passed in 1651 declared
that no commodities grown, produced, or manufac-
tured in Africa, Asia, or America could be imported
to the United Kingdom or its dependencies other-
wise than from the place of their production, and in
vessels manned, commanded, and owned by British
subjects. Another Act (the 12th Charles IL, c. 18)
ordained that, in as far as the restriction applied to
goods of all descriptions, it was limited geographically
to the goods of Turkey and Russia ; and that else-
, where it affected merely those commodities which
have been since known as "the enumerated articles."
" By the law as it now stands, and has stood sincelMr.
Huskisson's amendment of it in 1825, the produce of
Africa, Asia, or America may be imported from places
out of Europe into the United Kingdom, if to be used
therein, in foreign as well as British ships; provided
such foreign ships be ships of the country of which the
goods are the produce, and from which they are imported.
And as regards the produce of Europe, the enumerated
articles' may now be brought in British ships, or in
ships of the country of which the goods are the produce,
or in ships of the country from which the goods are im-
ported.' Goods not enumerated in the Act, which are
the produce of Europe, may be brought thence in the
ships of any country.
" All intercourse between the United Kingdom and its
possessions in all quarters of the globe, including the
Channel Islands, is confined to British ships; and the like
restriction applies to our inter-colonial trade. No goods
may be carried from any British possession in Asia,
Africa, or America, to any other of such possessions, nor
from one part of such possessions to another part of the
same, except in British ships.
" No goods can be imported into any British possessir n
in Asia, Africa, or America, in any foreign ships, unless
they be ships of the country of which the goods are the
produce, and from which the goods are imported.
" No ship is admitted to be a ship of any particular
country, u❑less she be of the build of such country, or
have been made prize of war to such country, or for
felted under any law made for the prevention of the
slave trade, or be British built; nor unless navigated by
a master who is a subject of such foreign country, and
by a crew of whom three-fourths at least are subjects <.f
such country, nor unless wholly owned by subjects of
such country.

the
" But," the Quarterly would doubtless ar 658"
243 Protectionists are a concrete, or rather 'h
whomoo-
geneous mass of politicians, while these 413,
I you are pleased to call Ministerialists, are the most
incongruous, the most disunite
d, the most hetero-
geneous, and distracted body of innovators, pulling in
all imaginable directions, and thereby counteracting
each other in influence and in purpose.,,
p Su er-
ficially that objection would be forcible. It consti•
tutes, indeed, the most specious foundation upon
which to build up the hopes of
the followers of Lord
George Bentinck. But examine it for a moment, and
how the illusion evaporates Probe it, and how
shallow is its apparent profundity How is it that
the Protectionists are united ? They are united in
the advocacy of a chimera, a dream, an impossibility,
a mirage which had long lured the nations on into a'
wilderness, but which has now been dissipated for
ever. They are united for the restoration of restric-
tive laws which can never by possibility be written
again upon the statute-book, because they have been
burnt from the tablets of the Constitution by the
lightnings of Human Reason. They are united_
not by principle, not by
anaturalalliance—but by
spleen and despair, for the revival o. a vision, and the
gratification of a spite! Whs.!, on the other hand, is
the disunion supposed to exist among these 413
Ministerialists, composed of an apparently incongru-
ous jumble of parties—Whigs, Radicals, Repealers,
Chartists, and Peelites ? What is their disunion ?
The Whigs may strive to continue. in office,
the Radicals may agitate for universal suf-
frage, the Repealers may revile the Act of Union,
the Chartists may struggle for the acceptance of all
the several points of their Charter, the Peelites may
persist in preserving those golden apples of 1819 and
1844, which, according to a contemporary, have
proved to be " ashes in the mouth., But, in spite of
all this, as advocates of social and political reform, as
admirers of the popular movement, as men who are
in the van of social and political progression, Wings,
Radicals, Repealers, Chartists, and Peelites are

" The Dreamer and the Worker" is continued, and
Paul Bell gives us a paper on " Testimonials and
Tests ;" but after reading the account of the escape
of Young Watson, all other matters appear " stale,
dull, flat, and unprofitable."

THE AZINE.I
BIivKERS,
NAG
This is an excellent number of this extremely use-
fuo o
ul
op
te roi
fo dtihcea lrof th
.
'We
ac-
recovery have
aelready extracted the ac-
Rogers and Co., in 1844. n stolen from Messrs.
Thereotes
the present position of the issue ids eapagrotmodenatrtiocfl et on
ne
Bank of England, in which it
tshownhe Bank th
oa that the
tihse
o t s
sepa-
ration of the two departments of
o
great an improvement as the supporters
Cur-
rency Act conceive it to be. " Elements of the Cur
rency Question is continued, the present part
re:
ferring to the fixed price of gold. " Scheme of a New
Currency Act" is also continued; in the former number
two propositions were submitted and discussed—viz
that the fixed issues of the Bank be abandoned, and
the rate of interest to be charged on advances be
limited ; and, 2dly, that the Bank be authorised to
issue one-pound notes. Three additional propositions
are put forward in the present number—viz., " that the
country banks in England, in addition to their issues
as fixed by the Act of 1844, should be authorised to
extend those issues to an amount which shall not at
any time exceed the sum held by the banks in current
coin of the realm, or its equivalent one-pound notes ;"
" that the banks in Ireland and Scotland should have
the option of basing on Government securities, in-

" No goods, or passengers, shall be carried coastwise

TilE SUN, LON-DON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 1847.

united—are unanimous—are identical. So much
then, for the cavillers at the new Parliament. So
nitleh for the preponderance of the Protectionists in
the House of Commons. So much for the vulnerabi-
lity and instability of the Russell Administration.
" escott's Conquest of Peru" affords a fruitful
theme for disquisition upon the overthrow (f the
Incas of Peru by a body of Spanish adventurers, in
the opening. article of the Quarterly. " Evelyn's
Life of Mrs. Godolphin" is the subject of the
second paper, and, as its very title would lead
one to conjecture, is a pleasant melange of
gossip and anecdote. The most scholarly
contribution for the present quarter is, however, the
criticism upon the essays on Homer, written by
Herrn Lachmann. All those who thumb the im-
mortal Iliad or Achilleid, as Mr. Grote would have it
called, will read this paper with a zest. Lachmann
was the first who had the hardihood to point out this
part, and this, and this, and this, as so many spurious
interpolations. Had the learned German fingered
the sword instead of the goose-quill, he would have
stood alone upon the bridge like Horatius Cockles, he
would have stabbed the lieutenant of Porsenna, he
would have led the French on among the quagmires
of Arcola. No man ever had more of moral audacity
than Lachmann, but Lachmann is a German critic,
and as the Quarterly says with emphasis—" At
every feast in the halls of literature the Ger-
mans, like Ajax at the table of Agamemnon,
will be entitled to the honours of the chine."
" Paddiana " is a facetious notice of a facetious
book. An article entitled "Fanny Kemble and
Lear in Italy," being a double review of two works on
that inexhaustible subject by Mrs. Butler and Edward
Lear, is not at all to our taste, being flippant and
straggling beyond all allowable limits. "Jewish
Disabilities" is a powerful argument against the
admission of Jews into Parliament. There are, be-
sides, two able articles on "Talbot's English Etymolo-
gies," and on "Blackwood's Voyage and Darwin's
Structure of the Coral Reef." With much of pre-
judice and partiality, both political and religious, the
Quarterly evinces, as usual, the most distinguished
ability.

THE WESTUINSTER and FOREIGN QUAR-
TERLY. No. XCIV. and M. LXXIX.
As a supplementary addition—one, too, of a very
valuable description—this duplex Quarterly contains
a list of the Parliamentary Returns of 1841 and 1847,
printed with remarkable accuracy and distinctness.
The first paper deserves especial mention, being an
able inquiry into the " Improvement of Landed
Property. A rather dilatory notice of Leigh
Hunt's "Wit and Humour" follows, in which
divers other specimens selected from our national poets
are introduced. A hurried biography (suggested by
the one in Lord Campbell's recent publication) of
Lord Somers follows, and full justice is done to that
eminent and enlightened statesman. After this
comes a searching examination into Irish Municipal
Government; it might almost be called a diatribe on
its abuses. Stirling's "Philosophy of Trade" affords
a theme for critism not unwelcome at this period of
dilemmas in the money market, although the argu-
ments contained in the article are rather at variance
with those supported by the ability of the Westminster
Review on a preceding occasion. The project of the
"Colney Hatch Asylum," namely, an additional
asylum for lunatics in Middlesex, is considered in a
spirit of laudable earnestness in a subsequent contri-
bution, and due mention is made of the services con-
ferred upon suffering humanity by Dr. Conolly, the
admirable superintendent of Hanwell. We are by
no means satisfied with the next criticism, respecting
the "Natural History of Creation," and marvel at
the pernicious theories of a superficial and anonymous
geologist receiving such extravagant commendation
from a publication such as the Westminster Review.
The literary intelligence and miscellaneous notices
contained in the Foreign Quarterly are remarkable
for their variety and general excellence.

HURCH OF ENGLAND QUARTERLY RE-
VIEW. No. XLIV.
One of the most admirable numbers, both for depth
of thought and treasures of language, yet published.
" Ecclesiastical and Civil History" is a comprehen-
sive and temperate disquisition upon the past occur-
rences of Christianity, accompanied with sanguine
anticipations as to the future vicissitudes and ultimate
combination of the faithful. The second edition of
Ranke's " Reformation in Germany" has elicited a
review of very considerable length and minuteness :
while Merle D'Aubigne's vindication of the character
of " Cromwell the Protector," is awarded immeasur-
ably more praise than it is entitled to, without that
mention of the name and writings of Thomas Carlyle
which that illustrious author should have commanded.
" The Saracenic and Tatar Hordes" are depicted, or
rather their history is detailed in the following
article, being one hinted by the work of Simon
Ockley, of Cambridge, and the travels of a gentle-
man with a most appalling name, videlicit, Xavier
Hommarie de Hell. A description of " Jeru-
salem and the Holy Sepulchre" demands perusal,
and will rivet the attention of the reader. " De-
votional Poetry" is an eulogistic paper upon
those bards who have turned their lyres to the key
of the Canticle of Canticles. We are gratified to see
an old favourite (too little read) receiving that ap-
plause which his verse, from its grace of sentiment
and sweetness of language merit—we mean good,
honest George Herbert. " Speculative Philosophy in
the Nineteenth Century" is a bold and judicious
catalogue of all the principal speculative philosophers
or metaphysicians who have appeared in the last half
century. The briefer notices of books, forming a
supplement to the Church of England Quarterly, are
occasionally clever, and peculiarly miscellaneous.
TH"

.1E OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE RE VIEW.
The first, and by far the best, article in the present
number, " The Life of Spinoza," defends the charac-
ter of the philsopher from the various charges of
Atheism, Pantheism, and Mysticism, that have been
so freely urged against him. It asserts that Dr.
Clarke's celebrated "Demonstration of the Being and
Attributes of God" is taken word for word (the pro-
positions, that is, on which it is built) from the writ-
ings of the man alleged to be an Atheist. Ridley, in
the 9th number of " The Churches of London," con-
tinues his touching Jeremiad on the absence and
disregard of those formalities in which the Puseyites
appear to believe the essentials of religion to consist.
He attacks Sir Christopher Wren, although professing
admiration for him as an able and enterprising archi-
tect, for not ► aying sufficient attention to the " Ne-
cessary Syrnoolism of Church Architecture." In fact,
not a single one of his erections, in the opinion of the
author, presents a correct model of a good parish
church. " The Colliery Act in 1847" appears to be
a continuation of an article published some months since
on the report of Mr.Tremenheere, the Government
inspector of collieries, in which fears and anticipations
were expressed of the very moderate utility of one
inspector over so large a field. That view is sup-
ported and the conclusion drawn, " that the Colliery
Act at present is not carried out, and never will be
carried out with only one inspector." " Revelations
of a Poll Book" is a curious examination into the
classes by whom the opposing candidates, Messrs.
Round and Gladstone, were supported during the late
election for the University of Oxford, showing that a
large proportion of the senior masters supported the
former gentleman, while the latter had a considerable
majority of the junior members. The doctors and
bachelors of divinity were more favourable to Mr.
Round, while the professors of the University sip-
ported his opponent in the proportion of three to two,
the public tutors rather more than two to one, and
the private tutors five to one. " Sunny Spots" and
" The Bedouin's Leap" are the other contributions
in the present number.

IMPORTANT FROM THE CAPE.
We, have late papers from the Cape of Good
Hope, which contain the following from Graham's
Town :

...-:;,--li
_,.'&6' .fr -... li_ ii.:•,

" GRAHAM'S TOWN, JULY 27.

" Krieli assembled the great body of his people at
his great place, publicly to announce his intention to
join in earnest in the war. He added that he had
received proposals from Sandella to form a general
confederacy of the whole of the Kaffir tribes, in order
to make one united effort to overcome the English.
To-day, said he, we all fight; let us bury all our past
misunderstandings as a people, and unite against the
common enemy as one Kaffir nation. A unanimous
response was given to this proposal by his people, who
expressed themselves as most anxious to commence
the fight. They then formed a plan to send off small
parties to the frontier, while the main body remains
at home to fight the army when it comes out. 14.1a-
passa, the Tambookie chief, has joined Krieli with all
his people, and Pato with all his people."

DRAM OF SIR THOMAS PIGOTT, BART.—WC re-
gret to learn that Sir Thome, Pigott,. Bart., expired
suddenly, on the 7th inst., at Denston Hall, Suffolk.
The deceased, who was son of Sir George Pigott, first
baronet, by his marriage with Miss Kelly, daughter of
the Bight Hon. Thomas Kelly, was born in 1796, and
married in 1831 Miss Brummell, daughter of Mr.
William Brummell, of Wyvenhoe, Fasex, by whom he
leaves a young family. The late Baronet was formerly
captain in the Royal Horse Guards (Blue.).
DEATH FROM MACHlNERY.—Yesterday Mr.
Wakley, M.P., held an inquest, at the Elephant and
Castle, Agar-town, on the body of Alfred Ford, aged
35, a stone-sawyer, who met a frightful and sudden death
on Saturday last, at St. Pancras saw-mills, Cambridge-
street, as already mentioned in our columns. The
Coroner remarked that no blame could be imputed to
any one except the unfortunate deceased. Verdic',
" Accidental Death."
A BRITISH SPORTSMAN.—J, S. Drinkald F
,
who owns St. Lawrence, the winner of the last Chester
Tradesmen's Plate, has given 100 sous. to be applied in
relieving the poor of Chester. The donation has been
placed at the disposal of the Right Worshipful the
Mayor.

ft (--.,141

CITY, FIVE O'CLOCK.
Barclay, Brothers, the merchants, are in difficulties.
The amount of their engagements is said to be large.

NEWMARKET RACES.

(THIS DAY.)

BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.

The Bedford Stakes of 50 sovs. each, &c. (17 Subs.
So t terley
..•
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