The Sun.
London, England, 1840-11-04 00:00:00

OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, OCT. 31.

( Abridged from the Manchester Guardian.)
The Committee of the Manchester Anti-Corn-law
Association gave a tea party on Thursday evening last.
Upwards of MO tickets were issued. The attendance of
ladies wan very numerous.
The Chairman was supported on his right by R. H.
Greg, Esq., M.P., and on his left by Sir Thomas Pot-
ter, Mayor of Manehester ; and at the cross table we ob-
served, amongst other gentlemen. Joseph Brotherton,
Esq , ; David Ainsworth, Esq., boroughreeve of
Manchester; John Brooks, Esq., the ex-boroughreeve ;
James Heywood, Esq. ; Robert Stuart, Esq. ; C. J. S.
Walker, Esq. ; Edmund Ashworth, Esq, ; Hutton,
Esq., brother to the Member for Dublin ; J. B. Sebith,
Esq , president of the Manchester Anti- Corn-letv Asso-
cietkn; George Hutchinson Hall, Esq., the new borough-
reeve of Salford ; Thomas Bazley, jun., Esq., ex-borough-
reeve of Salford ; Lawrence Hey worth, Esq , of Liver-
pool ; Messrs. Richard Cobden, J. C. Dyer. W. Har-
vey, W. Rawson, William Bow, George Wilson, &re
At the upper end of the room, behind the chair,
was a large screen of pink and white drapery, hav-
ing inscribed on it, " The total and immediate repeal
of the Corn-laws." Opposite to it, at the lower
end of the room, was a very large banner, bearing the fol-
lowing inscription :—" Texts for law-making landlords :
*--` Oppression drives a wise man mad ;" He that with-
holdeth corn, the people shall curse him,' Prov. xi. 21 ;
The bread of the needy is his life , he that defraudeth
him thereof is a man of blood,' Eccles. xxiv. 21," And
at each side of the room were draperies, bearing the in-
scriptions, " Free trade and peace with all the world;"
" A fixed duty is a fixed injustice."
The CHAIRMAN gave " The health of our young and
virtuous Queen ; her Majesty, Duchess of Lancaster."
(The toast was received with three times three.)
The next toast was " Prince Albert and the rest of the
Royal Family."
The CHAIRMAN next gave, " Lord Fitzwilliam, and
those Peers who have assisted us, in connection with the
Corn-laws, when debated in the House of Lords."— ( Ap.
plause. ) We have no Peer amongst us; but, as Lord
Fitzwilliam is not present—( I wish he was)—l will call
upon our friend Mr. Brotherton to respond to the senti-
ment.—( Applause. )
JOSEPH BROTHERTON, Esq., M.P., on coming forward,
was loudly cheered. He said we have very few friends to
the repeal of the Corn-laws in the House of Peers, and
therefore it behoves us to make the best use of those we have.
—( Hear.) I am not one much dispOsed to worship the
Nobility merely on account of their rank ; but when we
see associated with that rank, talent, virtue, and honesty—
( Hear)—when we see men like Earl Fitzwilliam, and other
Peers, stand forward to endeavour to do justice to the mil-
lions, by advocating the repeal of the Corn-laws, I do
conceive we owe them a debt of gratitude ; and I for one
feel grateful to them for what they have done; and I trust
that their influence will be extended, and that it will be
like leaven, operating for good in the midst of their or-
der.—(Applause.) But whether we have the support of
the Lords or not, I conceive that it is of the utmost im-
portance that we should ourselves do our duty. The
cause in which we are assembled this evening is the cause
of justice and of humanity.—(" Hear," and applause.) It
is one of vital importance to this manufacturing and com-
mercial district; and, that being so, I think it a sufficient
recommendation to the support of the great and respectable
assembly whom I have now the honour to address. I have
the most thorough conviction, that this is a reuestion of
life and death to the manufacturing interest—( Hear)—and
I am convinced, that if tbis iniquitous law is not soon re-
pealed, whatever may be the rank or station of any indi-
vidual in this room, there is not one that can safely assure
himself that he may not live to see the day when either
his own family, or that of any of his friends, may be in
want of bread. I am well aware that there cannot be per-
fect equality ; for the laws cannot secure equality of ta-
lent, ability, or even the comforts of life, because the laws
should protect every one in those gifts which nature
bestows ; and if some by industry, talent, or economy,
raise themselves in society, they have a right to what
they possess.—(Hear, hear.) But when we see laws
made to make the rich richer, and the potent more
powerful, then I contend that the humbler classes have a
ri ;ht to complain, because the rich have it in their power
to amend the laws.—( Applause.) All monopoly, then,
of one class is a robbery on somebody else. And will
Christians, will those who are in behalf of justice, support
robbery ?—( Hear, hear.) If a person steals with his own
hand, he is tried, condemned, and probably transported;
but, if a whole class are to be robbed under the pretence
of law, I say every just man should do his endeavour to
obtain repeal of that law.—( Applause.) You will go with
me, then, upon the principle of justice. I will allude then
to the inhumanity of the law ; for it must be inhuman to
' raise by law the price of food so that the poor man cannot
obtain it ; that he should be doomed to incessant toil in
order to support his family, and then by law to be deprived
of the opportunity of disposing of the produce of his la-
bour in the best market. I admit that the landed inte-
rests have a right to their estates, and to dispose of their
produce as they choose.; but surely the labouring man
has as much a vested right in the produce of his labour—
(Hear,, hear)—and therefore I shall always insist upon the
right of, the poor to dispose of the produce of their labour
jiz t.fie,beitt market. Having stated these principles,
let s
attend to fillook arTlfeCuru=lia -We-
&
see' that; upon an average of 20 yeais, corn in this country
has been 50 per cent. higher than in France and upon the
Continent; that is a fact. It must have a cause. I be-
lieve that the Corn-laws were enacted for the purpose of
raising rents—( Hear)—that it is a landlord's question. It
is said that it is for the protection of the agricultural inte-
rests; but I contend that neither the farmers nor the
labeurers are benefited by the Corn- laws—( Applause)—
and although the landlords might be benefited for a time,
yet ultimately it must be injurious to themselves, therefore
those present who come forward to advocate the princi.
pies of justice, will find in the end that it is always
wise policy. We ace, then, that those laws are calcu-
lated to raise the price of wheat, and we see their
injustice as operating upon the poor man. I f it were
equally pressing upon all the community, that would
be different ; but take a poor weaver, earning 93. a-
week ; he pays one-third of his earnings in a tax upon
his food, whereas the man of 5001. a year is only taxed to
the amount of one-tenth of his income. Can that be just?
If not, then that system ought to be removed. A friend of
mine has, to-day, put into my hand a calculation which
proves that the bread-tax is greater in amount than
all the other taxes put together. For instance, in
the township of Salford (which has been the founda-
tion of the calculation put into my hands) the amount
of the tax paid by the people on the increased price
of their bread amounts to double what they pay in all

Royal Regiment of Artillery—First Lieut. R. M. Pouldon
to be Second Captain, vice Gillespie, retired on full-pay ;
Second Lieutenant R. P. Jones to be First Lieutenant, vice
Poulden, Oct. 22.

Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire.
T. B. M. Baskerville, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant, Sept. 7.

DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY.

THOMAS LAW, jun., miller, Hamer Mill, near Rochdale.

BANKRUPTS.

JOHN BANFIELD, jeweller, Cheapside, to surrender Nov.
10, and Dec. 15, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Pen-
nell official assignee ; Swain, Stevens, Maples, Pearse, and
Stevens, Frederick's-place, 014.ikvr
JAMES SMITH, stationer, t glisset, IroV. 25,
at twelve, and Dec. 15, at one, st•Catrt of Bankruptcy.
Lackington, official assignee, Coleman-street-buildings.; smith
and Weir, Coers'-hall,.Easing3all-atreet.
•
Nov. 13, and Dee. 15, at one, at the Commercial-rooms, '
Bris-
tol. Al‘Leed and Stcnning, London-street, Fenchurch-street;
London ; Bevans, Bristol.
VINCENT ROBERT ALFRED BROOKS, stationer,
Robert-street, Hampstead-road, Nov. 11, at twelve, and Dec.
15, at eleven, at the Court of Bvikruptcy. Lackington, Cole-
man-street-buildings, official assignee ; Mills, Brunswick-
place, City-road.
ALEXANDER DUFF, silk-manufacturer, Fort-street,
Spitalfields, Nov. 11, and Dec. 15, at two, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Johnson, official assignee, Basinghall-street ;
Crowder and Maynard, Mansion-house-place.
THOMAS COATES, coach proprietor, Leeds, Nov. 10,
and Dec. 15, at ten, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Leeds.
Dunning, Leeds ; Smithson and Milton, Southampton-build-
ings, Chancery-lane, London.
JAMES GREEN, merchant, Great Winchester-street,
London, Nov. 17, and Dec. 15, at eleven, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Edwards, official assignee, Frederick's-place,
Old' Jewry ; Peile, Great Winchester-street, Old Broad-
street.

JOHN CARTER LUCAS and THOMAS LUCAS, drug-
gists, Aldersgate-street, Nov. 11, at eleven, and Dec. 15, at
twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Gibson, official assignee,
Basinghall-street ; Wood and Blake, Falcon-street, Alders-
gate-street, London.
WILLIAM BURCH, carpenter, Woolwich, Nov. 13, at
twelve, and Dec. 15, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Turquand, Copthall-buildings, official assignee; Willoughby
and Jacquet, Clifford's Inn.
JOHN •BEECHAM, plumber, Dover, Nov. 11, at one, and
Dec, 15, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson,
I3asinghall.street, official assignee; Gregson and Kewell,
Angel-court, Throgmorton-street.
DIVIDENDS.
At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street.
R. Swansborough and H. Oake, wSrehousemen,Bread-street,
London, Nov. 26, at twelve—R. Johnston and E. R. Danson,
wholesale iron-manger, Gracechurch-street, Nov. 25, at eleven.
In the Country.
E. Gowen and A. Shanks, common brewers, Morpeth,
Northumberland, N0v.,27, at three, at the Bankrupt Commis-
sion-rooms, Newcastle-upon-Tyne—J. Richardson, wool-mer-
chant, Leeds, Dec. 21, at eleven, at the Commissioners'-rooms,
Leeds—H. Philliski rk, tailor, Leeds, Nev. 24, at twelve, at
the Commissioners-rooms, Leeds—T. Laycock, cloth-manu-
facturer, Leeds, Dec. 17, at twelve, at the Commissioners'.
rooms, Leeds—J. P. Butler, wine-merchant, Cheltenham,
Gloucestershire, Nov. 25, at twelve, at the Royal Hotel, chel..
tenham—W. Harris, bearding-house-keeper, Manchester, Nov.
26,t e, lea vt etnh,e atc thea stl e Commissioners'-rooms, i
Ts sai ounn et
or sn' °Go
Lm.
aßsn,ecaaAusi niorcenhts Ve Vr
Throssell, saddler, Bridgwater, Somersetshire, Dec. 1, at
Nov.rooms, Leeds—T. Simons, builder, Exeter,26, at one, at
the Royal Clarence Hotel, Exeter—W. VT. Bullet', merchant,
Pudsey, Yorkshire, Nov. 27, at twelve,
Liverpool, Nov. 25, at one, at the Clarendon-rooms, Liverpool.
machine-maker,
BTlEacSk—buNrno,
at
E. Dale,
th2e4.Commissioners,:
Price,S.
ma linen-manufacturer,
u f
ame
taucCrheEirnß,
Younger an 1
C. Irving, publishers, Crane-court, Fleet-street, London 4
Innes and C. S. Bracher, common brewers, Old D..
in
""ro pton,
eßarnsley, Yorkshire—R. B.
Middlesex. _ _ _

, Waddesdon, T.
Frosja'n(cloal.
Bartlett,men coach-make-s
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
J. Fullaway and J. Scott, boot-makers, Southgate, Mid
sex—G. Perton and W. Sabin, jewellers, Birmingham_ dle-
_i_ick-
ißobbins s h
iandre_ T. \EV
de eddoowne s cattle-salesmen, 1
je -. ss
nington, Surrey—W. G. Pinhey and J. Arnistronr , Ken-
Chibnall, meat-salesmen, Newgateinastirket—H. Rawsthorn ailn.
R. Stott, domet-manufacturers, H litngden, Lancashire aid
merchants, Tranquil-vale,
_Blackheath_l3. w.
A. and J. M. Leigh, booksellers, Strand—
H• Bas hire_
.
T., and G. Spencer, woolsi apler.s, lif
ax, Yorkshire (s' fa.,
1.1 Boul
as regards T. Spencer)—M. B ton and J. watt—Jr
Jr
Clarke and *M. Myers, lacernen,ch rook-steet, Grosvenor-
square—J. N. Balme and W. S olefield, wo
millers, Stratford]-merchants,
Leeds—R. Payze and T.
BiTonfounde , Essex—O.
and J. Doe and W. Walker,
and G. Pars, Brampton., Derby-
shire—T. Smith, B. Webb, ..
an , jgeit coal masters, Deli;
Field, Sedgley, Staffordshire— n
Middlesex—R, B.
Jenkins, cabinet-
makers,' Great Prescott-street.
of
_,
LiNx—R. M. Adam and J.
M. Skinner, commission-mer I.' ts
den, Shro esrl—S. Glover and
W. Eddowes, surgeons, Limsgter—J. Sutcliffe andll shire—H• Heurt-
ley and T. Roberts, I
1‘ anch Lancashire—C• iff
L.
Collinge,
booksellers, Cliviger, Whalley,.
Stourbrid e—C. Wakefield and
H. Richmond, innkeepers,
arrmen,gz. Worcestershire —L.
Hockaday and J. Webber,wen, Stephen's by Sah-
li see., and Av.
ash, Cornwall—J. FotheroiFothergill, engra-
vers,D. Manchester—J.
Hale' s Throstle- Baron,lt Bridge, and J.
Maden, cotton manufacturer_to
ie)-- mill, near Bacup, Lan-
cashire (as far as regardsJ. ii y_
hill Unlli Nock and F. C. Mot-
teram, coal-masters, Ball's-_, r,ue,ry, West Bromwich, Staf-
fordshire—F. K. Fowell, S. H. "aa
f , and E. T. Crawfurd,
wine-merchants, Piccadilly (so
drapers, as regards S. H. Budd)
J, and E. Sayre and S. leaE STliStoeliport, Cheshire.
SCOTCH S TION S.
ARCHIBALD .AR3ISTRONG, merchant, N
w
d 2s, at twelve, ecastleton,
by Langholm, Nov. 7, an , at the Crown Inn.
Langholm.
cattle-dealer, John 13'
WILLIAM on% ea 2, Johns hill Lochwinnoch,
Renfrewshire, Nov. 11, and Dec. at twelve, at the Saracen's
Head Inn Paisley.
ALEX'ANDER 1110HTIMER and
Lemon CO.
. bakers, Aberdeen,
Nov. 10, and 30, at twelve, at the Tree Tavern, Aber-

deen.
PATRICK FOTHERINGHAAIE, Comptroller of the
Customs at Kirkwall, Orkney, Nov. 11, and 28, at twelve, at
the Town House, Kirkwall.

. .
local taxes. Probably, if the Corn-laws were repealed, it
might reduce the price of bread to what it was in the year
1835, when the 41b. leaf was sd. ; now it is 7d.; being
difference of 2d. in the 41b. loaf. A calculation has been
made as to the consumption in each family of the quantity of
bread; and, taking only the same consumption that is al-
lowed in the workhouse, the tax upon the inhabitants of

Salford for bread is upwards of 30 0001 a year —( Hear)—
while all their local taxes, poor-rates, highway rates, county
rats, police rate, &c. only amount to about 14.0001. a
year....—( Hear, hear, hear.) The law was made by
the landlords, in order to keep up their rents ;
and it was actually urged, that this law ought
not to be repealed, as it would reduce the price of
bread one-half.---( Hear.) If that be so, what arc we to
think of those men who made such an iniquitous law as to
tax the people of this country 50 per cent. for their bread,
solely for their own advantage ? I want to know what
right they have to protection. Just and equal laws are
what we want; and why should one man have an Act of
Parliament to make him richer, while another by the same
law is made poor? There was a time when this country
exported corn; and what would then have been said of the
manufacturer or the eater of bread, if he had told them,
" You have no right to export this corn ; you must retain
it in the country ; let the price be lower, and let us have the
benefit of it." If they had a right, then, to export corn to
keep up the price, surely they have no right now to tax
the import of corn. Sorely it ought to be reciprocal.
Another mode of deceiving the working classes was to
state, that when corn is cheap its effect will be to injure
the working classes, and to cause a reduction of wages.
Those who have not understood the subject have been de •
ludcd by this assertion. It is contrary to all experience,
because we have known that, when provisions are low,
trade is more flourishing, and the people generally mere
prosperous. I will now refer to the year 1835, when
bread was 51. the 41b. loaf. It is now 7d. or Bd., and
will any one say that because corn has advanced in price
wages have risen in the same proportion? By no means.
We always find that the labouring class are best off when
provisions are low, and trade is flourishing. I was some
time in conversation with a gentleman from the island of
Guernsey. In that island they have the liberty of im-
porting corn free of duty, and also of exporting it free
I era. I asked him what was the effect of it ; and he
said, that they imported all the corn they used themselves,
and exported all they grew. They could import corn
at half the price for which they could produce
it on their own soil. Was the farmer better off? By
no means, because the land was nearly double
the rent that the same quality of land was in England,
which showed clearly that when there was an increased
price for the produce the landlords got an increased price
for their land. But, say the landlords, " Oh, but you
should have the home market : the home markets are the
best customers of the manufacturers." This is a delusion
which I wish to dispel. The only benefit of the home
market is this, that we sell them cheap goods for very dear
corn. It is a fact, that the improvement in our machi-
nery, and the depreciation in the price of labour, have
been such that a piece of calico, that in 1814 or 1815
would sell for 30s. may now be bought for 6s. ; and that,
although great improvements have been made in agricul-
ture, so that the produce has been increased in many in-
stances threefold, they keep up the price of wheat as high
as it was then. This shows that all the improvements of
the manufacturers go to the benefit of the landholders, and
that.their improvements are put into their pockets.—( Hear.)
You complain that you are taxed to the extent of thirty
or forty millions a year, and you are taxed by this law to
the same extent, in addition to all you pay to the bens fit
of the state. Now, for my own part, will say, put the
landlord on the pension list ; let us know how much we
have to pay, and, I believe, it would be the cheaper mode
of proceeding.—( Cheers and laughter.) If they cannot
support their establishments without aid from the country,
let us have a fair tax, if the people will agree to it, to sup-
port them ; I have no objection. But it is remarkable,
that more than thirty millions are paid fcr raw materials
produced in other countries to manufacture and export

CAPTAINhREYNOLDS.—Such is the sympathy
with
that throughout the kingdom, both in
this gentleman, R
town and villages, a subscription has been set on foot to
remunerate him for the loss he has suffered from the ill-
treatment of his Colonel, Lord Cardigan. Hull, we are
glad to say, is not an exception. As in most other places,
a penny subscription has been commenced, which, we have
no doubt, will raise a very handsome sum.—lltill Gazette

ployment and to the distress among the poor, than to yard, as doing great good during the Session of Parea-
anything else ; and if we really wish for the public weal, ment ; and said, that Mrs. Breaks was present, because,
we shall unite cordially to repeal these laws ; and then we rearing her Bible, she was satisfied of the
iniquity of the
might expect that the people would be prosperous, crime Corn laws.
would be much reduced, and the people generally would Mr. Alderman COBDEN said—The sentiment to which
be content and happy. you have responded, that of the
and, in makieg those
requires my acknowledgments ,
J. B. SNIITII, Eq., proposed the next toast. " The 4, Anti-Corn-taw.
.Leaguee:
Hon. Charles Villiers, and our friends in the House of acknowledgments,
Commons."—( Applause.) You all know the singular
which
it is necessarycallet and what it has takop upon itself,
I would
io'
order
redaelrl
tyoo your
ake attentionth that
t tLeagueotha t
ability with which he has advocated cur case in that Ho- what
nourable House. \Ve are also indebted to the Members perhaps, with some .
the part
self—" national." It requires great efforts on
who have supported Mr. Villiers in the various motions he degree of assurance , 1,, call it-
, has made in the House of Commons. When our honour-
of but I am
ri its.
imembers and friends to enable- it truly to merit
tele It is not a mere league towns ; able representative stood up to speak the sentiments of the that . • .
pecp7e of Manchester on the Corn-laws, he was re- very happy and proud to say, that its members are in vete'
ceived with all sorts of Jai's, cock-crowing, and every close league and alliance, upon the great principle 0f..,:f1e1e.1,d
sound from the snorting of a pig to the braying of a jack- tics, with everything else that is good and national 1 1!
te
ass.—(" Shame.") It was indeed a truly agricultural country ; and I hold that the man who is in favour oft 1.\..
meeting.—(Laughter.) I had no idea of the distress Corn-laws can never be morally right on any other gre, e
there is in this town. As an illustration of this, Mr. question. What do I see on the table ? An invitation
Ashworth has put into my hands a paper, which he given us by someetng of
on
Wednesdaythegood "friends of peace"—[to
got at the New Bailey; from whice it appears, that, in a Public meeting,
1835 and 1836, when corn was 40s, a quarter, the the Town Hall,] doubtlesseonC eveningludetht everynex 'm
an
number cf prisoners tried was 873 in 1835, and 972 in , who is in favour of the repeal of the Corn-laws is ',ritu-
a
1836. But mark the difference caused by the price of
rlly in favour of penes.—(Applause.) I find behind me
an excellent apostle of the teetotal society, Mr. Lawrence
corn being raised from 40s. to 80s. In 1839, when corn
was 80s. a quarter, the number had risen from 873 to Heyworth, from Liverpool, coming here probably with
1,117, and in 1840 the number was 1,532.—( Hear.) Then the conviction that temperance is a good thing, and the
again, the prisoners brought up at the Salford Sessions repeal of the Corn-laws is a good thing, and that,
in the year 1835, for the October quarter, was 324. Corn therefore, the friends of both ought to cooperate with
was then 40s. a quarter. But in 1840, when corn had
each other.—( Applause.) This reminds me of a pare-
graph I met with in a bread-taxers journal the other
risen to 80s. the number had increased front 324 to 526,
so that you see crime follows poverty and distress.—( Hear, day, headed in large characters—" Important Fact." It
stated, " It is a notorious fact, that the ardent liquors con-
hear.) There is one circumstance ibis meeting reminds
sullied by the people of this country amount to upwards:me of. For fifty ;ears the wise, the virtuous, and the
good laboured in vain to achieve the emancipation of the of 30 millions sterling per annum. Half the amount
slaves ; and then it was that our fair countrywomen rose (says the paragraph) which is spent in bread every year.
goes for the consumption of gin. (Then comes the moral.)
up, and said the horrible traffic in human flesh and blood
And with this important fact staring us in the face, why do
should no longer exist. Men could ❑no longer resist female
we hear so much about the Corn-laws?" Now, I gather
influence, and the shackles of the slave ware broken._
from this paragraph, the fact, that, whereas the teetotallers
(Applause.) I take courage, therefore. when I see my
are with us in the good cause, the drunkards (at least
fair country-women assembled around us on this occasion,
I fancy so) are the allies of the landlords.—( Laughter.)
to declare that the infamous bread-tax shall exist no longer. That is the very best argument they can find in favour of
—( Applause.) I have never-failing confidence that truth
the Corn-laws, that people fuddle themselves with gin, and
and justice will ultimately triumph, but think this therefore give them (the landlords) an opportunity of
effort on the part of the ladies will hasten that period,
picking their pockets. We can never meet together with-
I see before me what reminds me of a most remarkable
thing (pointing to the banner on which was inscribed, out some breaking out upon the sugar duties, the Bank of
England, or some other gigantic system of monopoly', all
" Texts for law-making landlords:—' Oppression drives
of which claim co-operation at our hands to get them aeo;
a wise man mad;" He that withholdeth bread, the people fished. I conceive
this moral affinity of all that is PM.
shall curse him;' The bread of the needy is his life • he
to be the very best feature in our case, and look upon
that defraudeth liimi thereof is a man of blood.' ")
You that affinity which the League has for all other
may remember, that, either from accident or from an in- ood cause to be a much stronger bond of union than an alli-
cendiary, the great banquet room where we assembled in
January last was burned ; the whole of the ornaments were once merely of Manchester with Liverpool, Glasgow, Edin-
consumed, with the exception of that banner you see before burgh, and other large towns. Ours is a tiles,
you. It has been proposed that it should be presented to ti ate it will find it just and holy, and as its great
just and holy cause; as every one who will inves-
the House of Lords, and placed opposite the Bench of mg: .ortancc will be admitted by all who look at
Bishops.—(Applause.) It is astonishing to me that any it ras a question merely of economy,—can a man,
man, or body of men, who profess to be followers of Jesus woman, or child, hold back from supporting it ?
Christ, who profess to take the Bible for their rule of faith Will you not all, with hands open, aid us in this
and conduct, can read that, and be for the Corn-laws : great cause ? Lectures arc costly ; the Anti-Corn-lain
" Oppression drives the wise man mad." Holy writ says, Circular is costly ; postage and printing are costly ;
"He that r.ithholdeth corn, the people shall curse him. already 5,000/. or 6,000/. have passed through our
The bread of the needy is his life; he that defraudeth him hands, and we shall want twice as much before we
thereof is a man of blood." Ido not venture to say these beat the enemy. We are talking of the League ; but
things to the Bishops; they are not my words, but the the League has been in effect the " Manchester Anti-
words of holy writ; let them look at them, and vote for the Corn-law Association." We have good assistance
bread-tax if they dare.--( Applause.) I have been lately from Leeds, and co-operation from other quarters ;
abroad. The effects of twenty-five years peace was bat the great fountain which has filled the streams
visible on every side ; flourishing towns were rising hp, which arc now flowing through this country, agi-
' and there was an appearance of comfort among the inns- tating the question from one end of it to the other, has
bitants, and I said to myself, " Here is Europe, increasing been the Manchester Anti-Correlaw Association ; and it is
in wealth, civilization, and comforts; what a pity it is we from your purses, men of Manchester, that the great bulk
cannot trade with them ! How is it, that after a peace of of the money must come to suppert this cause. I will
twenty-five years, and :en increase of fifty millions of people, conclude, ardently hoping that whether you find yourselves
that our commerce with this people is-less titan it was the in sal trade or good, you will contribute to this cause. If
first five years after the peace ?" The only way we can is had trade, think of the Anti-Corn-law Association, and
account 'for it is that we refuse to take their produce, do not pass Newell's Buildings without leaving something
Igo to Belgium, and feel as if I were at home. I meet to aid in making your trade better.—( Hear.) If in good
Englishmen everywhere. I found Englishmen at the head trade, still leave something to enable you to see that trade
of iron establishments. I went along the railways, and i better still.—(Applause).
saw Sharp and Roberts's engines. and they' Wit-d----Btrgli.l._ •__ ~,..,. ,r„
-...,-,-„iiOMAS POTTER, Mayor of Manchester, was proud
engineers. A valet do place said to me that times had to show bin-melt' in such on assembly as that, particularly
been very bad; for the last two years the price of bread when so very large an assembiage of ladies had honoured
had been double; wad that they never bad dear bread, the meeting with their presence. The sentiment he had
but they said it wns the English who were so rich that to propose, he was sure, they would receive, as he gare
when they wanted bread they bought it all up. So that
it, with very great pleasure and satisfaction. It
view the effect' of our Corn.laws is not only to injure our-
" the health of their worthy Chairman, Mr. ldark
selves, but to create great misery among the poorer
wheipsw.....( Loud applause)—and thanks to him for
classes on the Continent. Instead of having a regular his kindness in presiding this evening. He had
supply, we only go in a season of scarcity, and himself been brought up a farmer, and, previ-
buy, not of their abundance, but of that which they have ously to his coming to Manchester 35 years ago,
provided oath for themselves. I hope we shall take fresh had been a farmer for fourteen years, during which perioe,
courage, and that front this time henceforth we shall unite the landlord was content and was living in luxury ; the
in the great object—the total and immediate repeal cd the farmer was saving money, and also living in luxury ;
Corn-laws.—( Applause.) I regret to say that our noble and iii the eiliage where his father's farm was situate,
leader, Mr. Villiers, when I last heard from him, was in he could safely say from recollection (which at his time
a poor state of health. lam sure he has our good wishes of lite was often more familiar with distant events than
for his recovery ; and I hope that, at the time when he with more recent occurrences), that there was not a
brings forward the motion for which he has given notice, single individual in that village but what was living in
he will be in a good state of health to fight our battles; comfort.—( Hear.) In Tadeaster, about a mile and a
and let us rally round him till we carry it in triumph. quarter distant, there was not an individual but then had
R. IL Gene, Esq., M.P., said, on rising to return sufficient food and clothing. He could vouch for this, not
thanks for Mr. Villiers, whose absence on this occa- only in that immediate neighbourhood, but through the int--
siol I sincerely deplore, I cannot but for a moment rounding districts, the landlords, farmers, and the people
thepresent scene with that which I witnessed generally, seemed to be in t
compare he same state. Now, perhaps,
when here on the last occasion. What a calm, amiable, some of the gentlemen of the League could account for these
delightful, interesting spectacle, do I behold—a large things ; but all he knew about it was, that there was no
assembly of the people, graced too by the presence of Corn-law then.--( Hear, and loud cheers.) The landlord,
the ladies, met together to testify their warm attach- instead of stopping at home, as be did in the days jest
ment to those great principles of free trade, and most referred to, now lives beyond his income, and goes abroad.
of all this branch of free trade in corn, the food of to retrench. He thought we were in a fair way for getting-
man, the staff of life ! But when I was here on the rid of these laws, when he saw so many ladies present,.
last occasion, about eighteen months ago, what did I possessing, as they did, such powerful influence over their
then witness ? When, with my fellow-delegates, I re- husbands, fathers, brothers, and sweethearts.—( Laughter.),
turned, after a long campaign in London, we were He had no doubt that they would rightly exercise that in-
received not only with noisy threats, but the hustings on fluence, and that this meeting would pi educe at, excellent
which we stood were attacked vi et armis, and myself and effect. Once more he called on them to unite with him
colleagues were obliged to fly amidst showers of chande- ' in the expression of thanks to their worthy Chairmen.—
lien and broken glass. Had the working classes joined (Applause.)
us on that occasion, as I believe they have joined us since, Mr. MARK PHILIPS (the chairman) returned thanks.
we should have secured them the greatest amount of prat. Ile then retercd to the debate in the House of Commons.
tical good he repealing the Corn-laws, which I believe would What were the arguments urged in the House, he said.
then have been carried. Mr. Greg, after adverting to the when Mr. Villiers brought forward his motion, by tee up.
success of the Anti-Corn-law League, which he described holders of the Corn-laws? Why, in the first instance, a
as very considerable, continued. But there is one view of Noble Lord, the representative of a great agricultural
the question not often taken, and which will perhaps put county, rose up, and seemed to think it was really a matter
it in a clear view, which shows the particular hardship of impertinence, and almost of insult, that the opponents of
on the manufacturing and commercial interests • and that the Corn-laws should moot a question oftheastga
erieati
is by reversing the case as it now exists, and putting when, as ite said, all their arguments
had been kind again,
is
the question in the position that the manufacturing and the previous Session 1
Answered
were they ? Not by
though be was a speaker
commercial interests occupy. Now, snpposo for a mo- the Noble Lord certainly,
meet, that the power of manufacturing were a limited
whenever the question was
mooted. It was as mue.k
• teed of being an unlimited one, because from as to say
to the Anti-Corn-law members, "Gentle
power, Ins
the immense supply of capital, of population, and of men, consider yourselves answered," and reminded'
moving power, it is in fact an unlimited one. But him of the man shaking au umbrella at another, and,.
pose for a moment, that Wattshad never existed, ,
or. sup-lia dby a similar figure of speech saying to him, "Sir.
never succeeded in perfecting the steam-engine and consider yourself horsewhipped."—(Laughter.) He (Mr.
Philips) did not think they had been answered; and of
that the only power for our mills was waterand power,
all the weak and futile arguments he had ever beard:
which, like the land, is limited in
were
as aluappos
land is- brought forward, certainly those brought forward by this
ins then that our manufactures
hd limited
limited. Suppose, en the other an, that land, instead Noble Lord were the most ridiculous; yet he seemed
of being limited, were unlimited, and that England, in- to think it a piece of pure impertinence 3 on our parts,
stead of being an island. lying on the ground
was a large continent, and that- that we should stir again, instead of
capital also was unlimited, or capable. of a rapid increase, like dead men, killed the session before.—( Hear, and
anotherTcohueinttybegan to talk of ."
the ark of the
representative of a large
In this state of things at first a certahinanqgueadntfiotyr oaf
emeratnauia- a
lig
uir
gi
c
hu
tl
et
ru
.r)a
l
factured articles, saw clothing,
Why, if
The want mor clothing for persons here opposed tothe Corn-lawsll- aws*
• i
quantity of agricultural prodTuchei.s exchanged
and bye the number covenant," as he called the Cor 1
were to indulge'
more la • '
take in land , in expressions of that kind, it would
o themselves
agri cul t uarai sdt s
their increase.
families
•t • to be little be deemed in then
capital and labour to the cultivation of 1 , short of blasphemy. Another Member.
they apply more ilies ; they
a great northern county, wondered how
They find that the quantity of we representatives they produce a larger
Tamount of food, and bring this in likewise, for
exchange for clothing. . !ves of the great manufacturing interests
~that they, the sacred lords or the soli, could
theybut the quantity itself is be "so
clothing is limited, but still must have it. Some may could think
get more, and some may
theyget less,k soft (for those were his words) as to yield upon
a question of that kind. But who were the framers of
the same. By arid bye
.ta
.e in more land, and send
their wheat to the West Indies in exchange. for sugar and these beautiful laws? What was their birth and pa-
coffee, and so forth ; and they bring these luxuries home, rentage ? Let us look a little at their pedigree ; we know-
and carry them and their corn and cattle into the clothing their performances. These laws were introduced in 11415.
clothing, which every day they arc By whom ? Had we, the people of Manchester,
market to purchase more .
f 1 le •l• •
in greater wantof. But still the gm) ntity o c ot ing is imited held
, in making these laws ? Who were the parties who
that
and all this old amount, and the new amount, is given away the representation of this country in their hands at that
the
for the clothing they want. Now, it is true, that these time ? The lords of the soil, the representatives ofno
countries
' to which they send their wheat to purchase these rotten b h (H boroughs.—(Hear, 5....- ear, hear.) Manchester had
luxuries also produce clothing ; but the English millowners great cora-
voice in the making of these laws. If this
time, and
have a majority in the Legislature, they make laws to pro- martial community bad had a voice at thatowed to
a voice,
to the whole
hibit the purchase of clothing in foreign countries, and had so far fortten the duty they owe
give very good reasons for so doing. It is quite true that community the be would say
, had consented
the agriculturists would not attach equal power to these bcr, that we had indeed been "soft; i
was this grand ask
reasons, and would much rather exchange their produce, to the making of such laws. What
which was
was in so rotten and
and get this clothing; but this they cannot do. The mill- of the Constitution, but a vessel
_oate
_,
a d that in fifteen
owners, who are in the majority, have a monopoly, which dcondition before she was
with thaft
we
eonourable Mem-
decae a
every day grows mere and more valuable. They make years they were obliged to .
laws for protecting it ; they grow more and A• h considerable repairs and refittinga, and after all
bring her into dry dock, to put
more idle, die- her throwg
pose of their concerns, and get enormous rents for them, she was found to be utterly
it aiincompetent,jey.7i iu...a.Ennl theyAi3l
actgloarn:l.al
and thereby influence a new body of men insupport of not make her sail well, trim
tte)
ehr
efagriculturists,or e
b e
had fora
them. But, by and bye, these agricultunstssburioli to Too landlords
hadtriedand they bad failed the
suspect the truth ; they find,to prove
country,had legislated from
land they take in, whatever quantity ofof
anything but that they
He mu selfish and
and silver they bring
.g
partial motives.—.
(Hear,hear.)
.happened to spend
see that the quantity tlothethamt
atvrkheatt,evethreqyuahnegtgitin
to
of interests of this
of clothing is the market is
limited quantity, and whatever •of it was his
fortune to be connected with
deal.w iwith
1i o f
manufactures,
nmuer a
cetvuerreys , year
and
d with
the land as
quantity produce they
bring must be given for that limited • (A nlause.) we
quantity.—(Applause.) Pe
Now, that is of opportunity of deciding between both
really the case, or, rather, it is a reversal interests with
which he was connected, as to what would
the case; the manufacturer really occupying whathave
I - w equitable adjustment between theta, be a fair and
supposed to be the position of the agriculturist. That is
.He must confess
r maim- teat it was utterly impossible
for any man of honest
our unfortunate ease : it is seen in the exports ofjou
or mindl and convictions to co factures. This fact is undeniable, that, for twenty a a goodllas
me to any other conclusion
thirty years, the amount of manufactures haslaws
doubled per- , than that these were established upon an unsound
of principle and for a selfish
haps in ten years, whilst the value, the money value,purpose.—( Applause.). .
They
re founded, und• *
all that enormous quantity remains continually thesame, or, . we isguisedly, upon this principle, which

!:VENING EDITION.

'nothing but casuistry could justify, and nothing could ! countenance from the State. While such superstitions
maintain them but the improper vesting of power in , formerly were agreeable to the general mind of society,
the hands of those who do not represent the fair in- they were not publicly or generally laughed at, but
terests of the community at large—(Applause.) He ; looked on with reverence and awe, and were not only
would net consent to be the advocate of the landed in- l countenanced by the State, but frequently made the
iciest ; for he eould not join in the opinion that they
basis of enactments, and were enforced by the terror of
were entitled to any protection; nor did he see how I
the sword. Individuals may still, like &r Thomas
then could claim it. It was always his wish that this the
More, believe in the Real Presence, but no State in
'question should not be discussed as a manufacturing
tor an agricultural question. It was in fact a question I Europe would now behead a man fur either denying or
of the free labour of this country against the landed entertaining such a belief. What was formerly the ge-
interest of this country ; and he never felt more con- neral rule is now the exception, and the Reviewer, cap-
vinced of anything than that this great question was tivated apparently by leis own striking illustrations, con-
es() more a tenant's question than a question of parties eludes from the exception, in the teeth of many facts,
living in another planet. The interest of the tenant that the rule still holds good. Here is one great error.
wes ejee interest of the consumer ; for though a producer, Now, let us notice a general fact with which his doctrine
be viTa after all a consumer. It had been asked by our is incompatible.
opponents, " What is to become of this country if we are He says_
to become dependent to any extent for the necessaries of
" One reservation indeed must be made. The books
life upon foreign countries ?" His answer to that was,
and traditions of a sect may contain, with propositions
to tell the parties to look at our cotton trade.—( Hear,
strictly theological, other propositions, purporting to rest
'bear.) Not more than one-fifth of the cotton eon-
on the same authority, which relate to physics. If new
*tamed in this country was of the growth of British colo-
discoseries should throw discredit on the physical propo-
enes ; the rest came from foreign countries; d
an sitions, the theological propositions, unless the) can be
what had those individuals done in Parliament who
separated from the physical propositions, will share iu that
talked so much against our depending upon foreign coup- discredit. Ia this way, undoubtedly, the pregn so of scieece
tries? A case came to his (Mr. Phillips') own know-
ledge last year, exemplifying the feelings with which
may indirectly serve the cause of religions troth. The Ilin-
other Governments regarded us. A great number of
doe mythology, for example, is bound up with a most ab-
surdgeography.eorap4hy. Every young Brahmin, therefore, who
English merchants at Naples, bearing that wheat was
learns geography in our celleges learns to mile at the
rising in England, and finding that there was a surplus
Hindoo mythology."
stock there, entered into negotiations to purchase on
He also
H
.+ The geograplucal frontier between the two religions
says—
'contract a very considerable quantity of wheat, to be
shipped for this country. The wheat was ready to be
shipped, when in stepped the Government, and said, " No, has continued to run almost precisely where it ran at the
'
you are a nuisance; you shall not send this wheat away. What close of the Thirty Years War ;7 nor has Protestantism
are we to do when it is gone? Yea have raised the price of given any roofs of that expansive ,power which has bean
wheat' already." The wheat was actually stopped ; the ascribed to it. But the Protestant.; lioasts, and most justly,
merchants applied to him (Mr. Philips), and he wentthat wealthand intelligence have increased
wea civilization ,
far more on, the northern than onthe southern side of the
eo Oevernment upon the subject, accompanying a
that bounda, v ; that countries so little 'favoured by nature as
deputation of the merchants, to state their loss ;
Scotland and Prussia are now among the most flourishing
but to this hour not a single bushel of
esxample of the nuisance that our Corn-laws were to other palaces of Greece are deserted—while banditti infest the
beautiful shores of Campania—while the fertile sea-coast
Jnations.--s( Hear, hear.) Instead of taking corn of them
of the Pontifical state is abandoned to buffaloes and wild
readily and steadily, like any other article of commerce,
boars. It cannot be doubted that since the I.6tti century
we exclude it for leisg periods, and then go to these coon- the Protestant nations—fair allowance being made for
tries by sudden plunges from time to time, and so arc voted
physical disadvantages—have made decidedly greater pro-
fs nuisance from one end of Europe to the other. The
eress than their neighbours The progress made by
foreign trade of this country was becoming daily more
those nations in which Protestantism, though net
aid more jeopardized ; the free exercise of capital was
finally successful, yet maintained a long struggle and
easeorsting daily more and more restricted; and, here we
left permament traces has generally been c insiderable.
were, with all the means and appliances to boot, that any
But when we come to the Catholic land, to the
civilised nation could require, yet, for want of that free
part of Europe in which the first spark of Reformation
agency *at we had a right to possess, to buy and sell
was trodden out as soon as it appeared, and from which
where we please, we were allowing our foreign trade
proceeded the impulse which drove Protestantism back,
to be lost, particularly with the continent of Europe,
we find best,very Iprogress, and m the
at a E )%ir
which was supplying itself with those commodities
whole a retrogression. Compare Denmark and Portugal.
whiel; we formerly supplied and might jet do, if we had
When Luther began to preach, the superiority of the Danes
that which all the, advocates of free trade so earn-
estly desire.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") He " , .
,4" , was unquestionable. At present the interiority ot• the
:act with au argument so curious, that he must mention it Danes is no less so. Compare Edinburgh and Florence.
before ho sat down. One Honourable Member had Edinburgh has owed less to climate, to soil, and to the
-argued—and to look at him an fostering care of rulers, than any capital, Protestant or
y one would have su posed
Catholic. In all these respects Florence has been singu-
4iirn to be serious—that if the Corn-law should be littered,
lady happy, yet whoever knows what Florence and Edin-
it would be a serious evil, for we should be short of straw !
burgh were in the generation preceding the Reformation
--(Laughter.) We should convert arable land into pas-
and what they are now, will acknowledge that sonic great
sure land ; and although we might find that we could ini
port foreign wheat, it did not follow that we could import
cause has during the last three centuries operated to raise
straw with it.—(Laughter.) The people must inform
one part of the European family, and to depress the other.
Compare the History of England and Spain, curing the
themselves on these subjects, and not rely on their repro- last century. In arms, arts, sciences, letters, commerce,
sentatives, reauy of whom they must always suspect—
agriculture, the contrast is most striking. The distinc-
( Laughter)—and if their representatives could not get a
non is not confined to this side of the Atlantic. The
'nearing it, the House of Commons, the people must make
of these petitions, and the numbers signing them, in their own voice heard there by their petitions.--( Hear.)
colonies planted by England in America have immeasure-
Ile had great pleasure in seeing the progress in the num-
ably overgrown in power those planted by Spain, yet we
have no reason to believe that at the beginning of the
'4):::*
sixteenth century, the Castilian was in any respect in-
Teferenee to the repeal of the Corn-laws. la the Session
farior to the Englishman. Our firm belief is. that the
of 1669 lie had Lad the honour of presenting a petition
North owes its great civilization and prosperity chiefly 1
from Olenchester, signed by 39,679 individuals. —( Hear. )
to he: moral effects of the Protestant Reformation, and
To mark the progress
.which had been made with refs-
that the decay of the Southern countries of Europe,
rence to this question In the public mind since that time,
i to be mainly ascribed to the great Catholic revival."
lee might state that in the Session recently closed he had
We have in the first of these two passages an admit-
p' emated another petition from Manchester, signed by
.56.765 persons.—(Applause.) Then there was a classthat theological. doctrine or superstition will be
sion a
which always had his sympathy—the unfortunate hand- destroyed by the progress of knowledge~ if
loom weavers. From them, in 1839, he had received a posed to physical truth , and • we have in the second
petition signed, he thought, by upwards of 4,000 passage a collection of proofs that the Papacy, or the
w ravers. In the last Session he presented another, Catholic Church, is inimical to the most important of
which was signed by 5,144, being an increase of about all truths, the physical welfare of man. Such proofs
sop signatures in that body since the preceding year. will and must continually accumulate, and the reserve-
-( Hear, bear.) He was sure that what had induced time mentioned by the Reviewer will, in the progress of
so many of our fellow-townsmen to sign petitions society, teach all men to laugh at the pretensions of the
against the Corn-laws, had been that appalling state of Papacy or the priesthood. We can no more believe
distress by which they bad been surrounded since that
that such facts will not make men reject the dominion
great question was mooted two years ago in that place.
He thought that already privation had reached a point be- o P
f the riesthood, than we can believe that the different
you'd which any one with a heart would be anxious it should seasons have no influence on making them wear clothing.
act go —( Hear, hear.) It was a question, then, which Our hope of that alternate and no very distant result
seam(' home to every individual who earned his livelihood is strengthened by some observations made by the writer
by the sweat oar his brow, and which must come home to of the first article in the Review. In the notice of
every working man throughout the whole of the British M. de Tocqueville's Democracy in AMerica, it is satis-
Island : and the sooner we could revert to a sound and factorily proved that there is a progress towards demo-
butithy state of things, the sooner we might expect to see cracy or equality in all the societies of the civilized
a happy and contented people. world. In fact, nature has created mankind with a
illr. J. C. DYER proposed " The Anti-Corn-law Asso- rough equality,
and her laws to preserve her creations
ciatlons;" and the toast was responded to by Mr. LAW- Piave a continual tendency to put an end to the mono-
Reece HEYWORTII; but the length at which we have re-
,plies
and , . .
potted the previous proceedings, precludes us from giving usurpation w u s hi di the ambition of individuals
even an outline of their speeches. and classes prompts them to erect. Democracy or equa-
The whole of the proceedings passed off with great Pity is congenial to her laws, and must, however Inter-
order and regularity. We have never seen an assemblage rupted, in the long run prevail. It
is at the same
of between 800 and 900 persons conducted so quietly, time proved, both by Nl.de Tocqueville and theßeviewer,
during a long evening ; and this, which has now become that " a democratic state of society evidently tends to
a distinguishing feature of the great Anti-Corn-law meet- give the strongest impulse to the taste for physical well-
ings, is highly credit to all concerned, aryl must have its being." Thus society has a democratic tendency ;
weight in influencing public opinion, as to the cause itself. the democratic tendency strengthens the desire fur
physical enjoyment, and the Papacy or the priest-
hood, being inimical to social prosperity, must be
continually in collision with knowledge. In those
circumstances we find one of the strongest passions
of mankind—in fact, the very passion which prompts
the priesthood in their exertions—enlisted against
their dominion. That passion is itself a very im-
portant physical truth opposed to the dominion of
the Papacy, and, like every other passion, it will be
richly suggestive of minor truths, directly contradictory
of those propositions on which the Papacy seeks to per-
petuate and strengthen its dominion. We rely on the
influence of these truths, and believe that they will in
the end be more powerful than the Papacy.
On these grounds we demur to the doctrines of the
Reviewer. The Papacy has not stood its ground
since the days of Elizabeth, and the doctrines it
teaches, on the Reviewer's chewing, are contradicted
by some of the most important and most influential
moral truths. There is good reason, therefore, to hope
that the Papacy or priestcreft is destined at no distant
day to perish, nor is it difficult to conceive in what
way. We have thought it our duty to overturn, as
far as we can, the basis of the distrust, and the de-
spair of the ultimate triumph of human reason, on
which the Reviewer has erected a system of scepti-
cism favourable to the continuance of superstition.
Now that we have briefly performed our task, we may
express a hope that the enlightened Secretary at War,
to whose pen the review is, we believe, justly attri-
buted, will never be a party to chaining man to a
system of superstition, lest liberty should make him wild.
With the narrower question, at least narrower in
terms, which the Reviewer discusses between Protes-
tantism and Catholicism, we have no desire to meddle
Protcstantistn, whether it be Church of Englandism,
Presbyterianism, Wesleyism, Baptistism, or any other
of the various isms into which the dissent from the Pa-
pacy has branched, is, in the essential quality of subdu-
ing and mastering the mind of other men to those who
teach certain doctrines, appealing to our future hopes
and fears—or in priestcratt, in no case distinguishable
from the Papacy, except that the latter had a far better
organised system of government than all the others.
Its polity is described by the Reviewer " as the very
masterpiece of human wisdom." Nevertheless it has,
like all things human, gone to decay. Its opponents
have contributed to the progress of opulence, by want-
ing its power. They have been obliged to shut their
eyes to what they regarded as heresies, because they
could not, like it, aided by the State, persecute men
unto death. Not their doctrines but their enforced tole-
! ration, nothing positive in their dogmas but their latitu•
dinarianism, has been favourable to the development of
knowledge and of wealth. In these circumstances, there
is a negative recommendation of Protestaotism, which,
wanting the arrogance of infallible assurance as claimed
by the Church of Rome, has a less hold of the mind
than that Church, but can otherwise find nothing in the
progress of intelligence to add to its power.
We are rather pleased than otherwise to see it proved
in the Review that Protestantism has not extended
while the Papacy has surely gone to decay. At pre-
sent, all that recommends Protestantism to enlightened
people—its freedom, its latitudinarianism, its toleration
—is discarded by our priesthood. The Church of
EnE,,land, like the Church of Rome, has had a revival, of
which Dr. Blornfield is the Caraffa, and Mr. Gladstone
the Loyola. At the end of three centuries the Re-
viewer can demonstrate that the revived and purified
Papacy has been greatly inimical to human welfare ; but
so long a time will not elapse before our people become
convinced that the present holy zeal of our Caraffas and
Loyolas, and of all our Church-building and Church-ex-
tending Jesuits, lay and clerical, is no more beneficial
to society than was the zeal which revived, purified,
and extended the Papacy after the first blush of Luther's
great success.

THE UNFOUNDED DESPAIR OF

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW.

On a somewhat more careful examination of" the
spirited and eloquent notice of Ranke's History of the
Popes," in the late number of the Edinburgh Review,
to which we adverted on the 23d instant, we find a
passage, or rather, a train of reasonings, more brilliant
than sound, the fallacy of which requires to be noticed,
and exposed.
The Reviewer, as we then mentioned, maintains
that the

" Papacy is not in decay—not a mere antique, but
full of lite and youthful vigour." " The Catholic
Church," he boldly assures us, "is sill sending
forth to the furthest ends of the earth missionaries
as zealous as those who landed in Kent with Augu,tine ;
and still confronting hostile kings with the same spirit
with which she confronted Atila. The number of her
children is greater than in any former age. The mem-
bers of her communion are certainly not fewer than a hun-
dred and fifty millions ; and it will be difficult to show that
all the otherChristisn sects united amount to a hundred and
twenty millions. Nor do we see any sign which indicates
that the te. mof her long dominion is approaching. She
saw the commencement of all the Governments, and of all
the ecclesiastical establishments that now exist in the
world ; and we feel no assurance that she is not destined
to see the cud of them all."

is we then said, these remarks are just with a re-
:servation. The Papacy itself is no longer the Papacy
of the oarly ages. The Catholic Church is no longer
the gersecuting fire-and-faggot body against which our
forefathers fought. She has no longer any temporal
power, which, united with her spiritual power, made her
more than a match for the surrounding States. She
is eon a spiritual power only, depending for her
existence on the success of her unaided appeal
to the hopes and fears of a future life. The words Papacy
and Catholic Church, as used by the Reviewer, mean, the
rat, less Che Pope of Rome, and the long order of priests
-who acknowledge him as their head, than priestcraft in
general, ►raving a strong worldly interest in founding and
anaintaining a dominion over men's minds, and ever an-
live in seeking means of aggrandisement ; and the
second, less that Church than religion in general
—the ignorance of man—and therefore his vague
lopes and fears of a future life, which has been
:from the beginning and will be to the end of time. To
tell us that priestcraft was before the Saxon set foot in
Britain, and religion " may exist in undiminiihed vigour
when some traveller from New Zealand shall in the
luidst of a vast solitude take his stand on a broken arch
of London Bridge to sketch the ruins of St. Paul," is
trier* to clothe in rhetorical phrases the admitted and
undoubted fact, that pricstcraft has always prevailed,
and that man will always be prone to worship, from his
immovable ignorance of the life after death.
But the Reviewer, not contented with stating in his
zrhetorical way that man will always be religious, though

onvernments change and empires pass away, goes on to
express Isis doubts whether the mind will ever throw off
the dominion of priesteraft, and comes to the despairing
conclusion," that the progress of knowledge will not be
neceeserily fatal to the Papacy (meaning, as tie under-
srand, priestcraft), which has stood its ground in spite
of the immense progress which has been made since the
ide7s of queen Elizabeth." He adds—
" During the last seven centuries the public mind of
Europe has made constant progress in every department
of secular knowledge. But in religion we can trace no
constant progress. The ecclesiastical history of that long
'period is a history of movement to and fro. Four times
since the authority of the Church of Rome was established
in Western Christendom has the human intellect risen
sip against her yoke. Twice she remained completely
victorious. Twice she came forth from the conflict bear-
iag the marks of cruel wounds, but with the principle of
life gill strong within her. . When we reflect on the tre-
mendous as cults she has sun tired, we find It difficult to con-
ceive in what way she is to perish."
Such a conciwiott is calculated to dishearten those
who look forward to emancipate the human mind from
priesteraft, and struggle to arrive at that goal. It seems
a duty, therefore, in those
who have more Confidence
titan the Reviewer in human reason, and brighter hope
of thefuture, to state the grounds of the faith that is in
Lem.
L: t us first observe that the
Papacy, whether the
Word lei taken mean priest-
sose or to in its restricted (
'raft, has nat stood its ground since thee
both. It is not yet completely swept away,
day's
uotf
has
acceded a considerable distance towards annihilation.
The po.ver of the griesthoed every where
questioned,
some countries overthrown, in most despoiled
of the
a dependent property it once enjoyed, and reduced to
dependence on the State, is undoubtedly in every part
of Europe ileiuelt less than it was in the days of Elizabeth.
The iestinces which the Reviewer quotes of n:odern
arperstition, " the prophecies of Brothers, the miracles
•1 Prince Hohenlohe, the success of Johanna South-
tote, the vagaries of Mr. Irving and his friends, have
tbi, to distinguish them from similar examples of super-
/6w times, that they ..re the exceptions to
tie gcneell, condition of the mind of society ; they are
pc blicly laughed at by the majority, and receive 1p

Lord Segrave gives a grand entertainment at
Pe keley Castle, Gloucestershire, to-day, to the Glou-
cester and Berkeley troops of Yeomanry Cavalry. On
Friday his Lordship leaves for his villa at Cheltenham, for
the bunting season. His Lordship's stagbounds removed
Loin Berkeley Castle to Cheltenham on Saturday last.
ELECTRICAL CLOCK.—A German artist now
in London isaboutto take out a patent for tile invention
ft
of a clock worked
only of a pendulum,
luY mby electricity. The machine, which is
remarkable chic for its extreme simplicity, is composed
suoenhe
alarge wheel, two escapements
and a quadrature. ,
suppose, however, that a
greatsee
pinion and a wheel form the corn-
re the visible parts. We must
a .w h eTe lh
ea n
pendulumd the qua darta teuarech,
munication between this
vt hi
boruagt
iho
at h ec sa ea
seer:e
annoet
ot o be
r
the escapements to advance the
I great wheel one tooth, which
we find, on exa-
rthis movement has a
As pause, making the dead second.there is no metallic
i mov;ng power to set the machine
going,
supply
mininu, what keeps up the motion tthe pendulum
( which is almost out of proportion with
the clock) de-
scends into a case, and there, at each vibration, the ball
or body, •Allich is furnished with a conduetor, approaches
pl
alternately two poles, to which voltaic
pilessotmliztetantlsicortnhdeuleulracc,trwichiPtey alter_
n y oncetheir
putlti portion
uiciioitioeille,ertertiaciiy,
it by retains
nately drawn from the two poles.