The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-22 00:00:00

The admirable arguments by which Mr. EN-
DERBY enforces his views we shall hereafter
refer to. They establish the calamitous re-
sults a system of cash payments,
h has
subjected the nation to no less than
six hc
convulsionsofpursu ding
during the periods from 1793 to 1797,
w
and from 1822 to 1847, being, on the average, " one
in every five years," while from 1797 to 1822 (during
the suspension of cash payments), a period of twenty-
five years, and those the most momentous of our
times, with the transition from a war to a peace esta-
blishment, the country experienced but one panic,
the causes of which are explained.

The Suisse of the 18th states that letters have been
received at Berne announcing the intention of the
authorities of Lucerne and other Sonderbund cantons
to capitulate. Great numbers of the Sonderbund
troops are deserting to the Federalists. In the same
paper we find the following:--
" The seat of war is now carried into Lucerne.
The only troops left in Friburg are the forces neces-
sary to maintain public order, and to keep down, if
necessary, the fanatics of the landsturm. A great
part of Burckhardt's division, as well as the reserve
battalions commanded by Colonel Ochsenbein, have
already taken the route for Central Switzerland,
where the Sonderbund has retired within its en-
trenchments. The Commander in-Chief has trans-
ferred his head-quarters to Arau. The divisions of
Colonels Donatz, Ziegler, and Gmur are on the fron
tiers of Zug and Lucerne. The division of Colonel
Rilliet is in front of the Valais. The division of
Colonel Luvini is watching the canton of Uri. The
Federal army now consists of 102 battalions of in •
fantry, 45 companies of carbineers, 27 of cavalry, 53
companies of artillery, and 280 pieces of artillery ;
the whole amounting to 94,000 men. About 40,000
are directed against Lucerne and its four allies. The
day of the attack is not yet known."
A letter from Berne of the 16th, says :
" The staff of the division of reserve, and that of
the General-in-Chief, returned y sterday to this
place. They were immediately followed by Four re-
serve battalions, a company of Vaudese chasseurs•
cheval, three companies of carbineers, and two bat-
teries of artillery. All these troops left Berne this
morning, on their way to Lucerne. To-day also the
brigade Frei, of the division Buckhardt, composed of
three battalions of infantry, two companies of
carabineers, and two batteries of artillery, passed
through the town, but without stopping. They were
all well equipped, and it would have been difficult to
imagine that they had just bivouacked during four
nights in such unfavourable weather. The conduct
of the federal troops since their being called under
arms has been most exemplary for discipline
and good-will ; and the utmost cheerfulness
has been manifested amidst all the priva•
tions which they have had to endure. I cannot
resist repeating to you some of the stories which I
have heard from the soldiers, and which will show
you to what a degree of superstition the priests who
act for the Jesuits have reduced the Friburg peasants.
On the latter were seized medals of the Virgin Mary,
which were to render them invulnerable. To each
medal the priests added, for the price of from 2 to 7
bat (a batz is 14cl. English), a bit of writing which
wag to render it more efficacious still. That which 1
sisy contains the following words :---‘ 0 Mary, pray
for ais; who put our trust in thee,' and then whoever
shall wear one of these miraculous medals, and shall
repeat' with fervour this invocation, shall be placed
under the special protection of the Mother of God ;
it is a promise which Mary herself has given.' Such
are the means employed by the Jesuits and their
creatures to fanaticise the country people, and extort
from them their last resources. In the German dis-
trict, where these manoeuvres are put in practice, our
soldiers state that
the wretchedness is extreme, and
that great indignation is felt against the plotters of
Friburg, who have abused their credulity. The
General-in-Chief, who arrived yesterday at Berne,
had a long interview with the Vice-President of the
Diet, Councillor of State Schneider, and told him that
before a week was over he hoped to behold the reduc-
tion of the whole of the Sonderbund. A brilliant
, who at six in the
Aarau. M. Ochsenbein
smeroernnaindge
was
ss gonivhenis wtotahye
tGoeAnearraal
also arrived yesterday at Berne with his division of
reserve, and he left this morning with all his troops,
proceeding towards Sumiswald, ilutwy I, and Lan-
genthal, whence he will cross the Lucerne frontier,
when the movement shall have been combined with
the divisions of Colonels Donate (Soleure), Ziegler
(Aarau), and Gmur (Zurich). Regular communi-
cations have not yet been re-established with Friburg;
but it is known that after a popular assembly which
provisional government. Amongst
.
took place yesterday, the downfal of the superior
administration was pronounced, and that it was re-
placed by
the
byfollowinga persons are named as forming
part of it:—M. Julien Schaller, ex-inspector of
forests, son of the avoyer of that name; Colonel
\Vicky, formerly an officer in the army of the em-
pire; M. Pitet, formerly deputy of Bull; M. Cha-
tonnay, of Morat; and M. Robadey of Romont, all
decided Liberals. The greatest part of the fallen
and amongst the rest the too
It is not known either where
e'sdv:ho se military reputation is now
CeGeool
levobenrreani
anFit haveaurrdn
oi
on a level with his political one, can be found. The
premises of the Jesuits have been turned into a
barrack, and a number of soldiers are lodged in the
convents. Baron de Sydow, Minister of Prussia in
Switzerland, has transported the rest of the legation
to Neufchatel.

"EIGHT IN THE EVENING. ---- The brigade Bon-
temps, of the Burckhardt division, 4,000 men strong,
has just arrived. It leaves to-morrow at six, to pro-
ceed against Lucerne. Thus 10,000 men have been
detached from the army of operations of Friburg, to
reinforce the forces destined to reduce Lucerne, and
the primitive cantons."

A Berne letter of the 16th, in the Helvetie, says :
" I have just arrived at Berne, and learn that the
principal positions of Lucerne are captured. What
remains to be done is not great ; and the reduction
of Friburg will powerfully contribute to the submis-
sion of the Sonderbund. The Ziegler division has
entered the canton of Lucerne, and made 1,500 pri-
soners. The poor inhabitants of Friburg are much
to be pitied. Nearly all the houses in the environs
of the capital are empty, and the provisions are ex-
hausted.. The villagers are affected to tears at seeing.
our. soldiers paying threefold the value of. articles
which they might have taken without paying any-
thing for them. I have seen the release of the poli-
tical prisoners, the delivering up of the colours and
arms of the contingent of Friburg and of the land-
sturm. The killed and wounded of the federal army
in the battle of Saturday amounted to 41. The losses
on the part of Friburg are considerable, particularly
by the landsturm."

Accounts from Rome state that Professor BETT
has been reinstated as Censor of the Press.
The Roman Council of State vvas to meet on
the 15th.

The POPE had appointed one of the halls of the
Vatican for the meeting of the provincial deputies
and placed ten court carriages at their disposal.
The Earl of MINT() had an audience of the Porn
on the Bth.

Monsignor Colmam Bussi left Turin on the 9th
for Modena, for the purpose of inviting the Duke to
join the Customs Union.

A letter from Florence, of the 13th says, " Great
agitation still prevails throughout all Tuscany, owing
to the occupation of Fivizzano. The Austrians are
approaching the Duchy of Modena. According to
the Alba, diffeit.eut companies of the Imperial troops
have already entered Carpi in the Molenese states,
and others have taken possession of .MasEa Carrara."
The following proclamation has been published by
the Grand Duke of TUSCANY

We LeopcirtlL, Archduke of Austria, Grand

consideration, and to which we gladly invite the
public attention. Mr. ENDER.BY has meditated long
and deeply upon the subject on which he has written.
He has been a steady and consistent opponent of our
monetary code for more than twenty years past, and he
has repeatedly, during the last ten years, put forward
sound and clear views of the injurious operation and
mischievous tendency of our currency laws—offering
many valuable suggestions, and hazarding predictions
which have unfortunately been too fatally verified.
One of these, " The Fallacy of our Monetary System
as deduced from its author Sir R. PEEL'S definition of
a Pound," has been recently published. In that work
Mr. ENDERBY grapples with the question " what
is a pound ?" which the arch bullionist so triumph-
antly asks, and with the answer " that it is neither
more nor less than a definite quantity of gold with a
mark upon it to determine its weight and fineness,"
and demonstrates that this definition is fal6e in theory,
and that " the class of measures founded thereon are
ruinous in practice." He maintains that the expres-
sion " pound "is merely a number--a conventional
term—an ideal unit, and consequently that " the other
class of measures," which Sir ROBERT admits to be in-
volved in the proposition, should be adopted, and the
proposes in both his recent publications, " Ist,
the abolition of the gold standard, and he
convertibility of the paper currency into gold,
at its market price; 2dly, the limitations of the
issues to one or at most three banks (that is, one
for each of the three kingdoms), and the regulation
of those issues by a fixed rate of interest, say 4 per
cent."