The Sun.
London, England, 1841-08-11 00:00:00

-41

LONDON:
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 11, 1341.

It might have been expected from the com-
ments of the Tories that the result of the elec-
tions, so favourable to them, would at once have
restored confidence to agriculture and trade, and
at once have revived national prosperity. Ac-
cording to them, the end of the Whig Ministry
should be the beginning of the national happi-
ness, hut as yet no signs of its approach
are visible. On the contrary, every day
brings more gloomy accounts ; and Whigs,
Tories, and Radicals, in the manufacturing dis-
tricts, agree in saying they never saw trade so
bad.. As if to spite the Tories, commercial
failures, and almost unexampled manufacturing
distress, have set in, as the Tories are yelling with
exultation at their own success. The rising sun
of an harmonious Legislature—Peers and Com-
mons being one—and of a strong and united Go-
vernment, combining the caution of PEEL with
the fervour of STANLEY, and the administrative
talents of GRAHAM, backed by the military re-
putation of the Duke of WELLINGTON and the
legal acumen ofLYN DR uusT,supported, too, by the
trading knowledge of ASHBURTON, and the diplo-
matic skill of ABERDEEN, far from clearing up
the horizon, has only made the whole atmos-
phere look dark and murky, as if a great storm
were at hand.

We can account for this; to the Tories it must
be inexplicable. Though the Whigs have been
in office during the last eleven years, Tory policy
has on too many points prevailed, and caused all
the mischief we now suffer, or are threatened
with. Restrictions on trade, the Corn-laws,
high discriminating duties on sugar, the timber
duties, are all Tory regulations ; and if some
Whigs objected to the removal of them, the
Tories to a man vehemently opposed it. They
cannot forget, and we believe the public have
not forgotten, that they threw out the two mea-
sures brought forward by Colonel SALWEY and
Lord SYDENHA➢I, to allow foreign corn to be
ground in bond, as they opposed and defeated
every other measure to lessen the restrictions on
trade. 'Whatever, therefore, might have been
the inclination of Ministers, it is clear that on all
questions of free trade they would be deserted by
the landlords of their party, and they, therefore,
had no alternative but to acquiesce in the laws
they could not overturn. They never had the
power to repeal the Corn-laws. At present
the authors of all the mischievous restrictions
on our trade are coming into office; they
are in a considerable majoritY ; and hence
that bankruptcy,' gloom, and alarm which
have rapidly extended since the returns were
known, and which are only, we are afraid, the
heralds of those greater convulsions which will
attend or follow the seizure of the Government
by the Tories.

However much statesmen may talk about the
effect of laws and government, and however

MORN INC SUN.

eloquent the clergy may be about the fallen 11a-
ture of man and the necessity for more religion,
the fact is, that the evils of society are all eco-
nomical or pecuniary, and not to be cured by
any cunningly contrived statutes, or any amount
of preaching. Starvation is not to be remedied
by coercion, unless it proceed so far as speedily
to terminate the life which has become almost a
burden; but in the present condition
of the
community, too many lives must be taken to
make this a feasible undertaking for any modern
HEROD. Religion will not fill men's bellies, and
they must be fed before they can be taught.
The two nostrums, then, of more law, or more
Government, and more Church, to cure our
present wants—which are hunger and destitution,
low wages, little employment, and scanty profit
—whatever may have been their efficacy in other
times, are now utterly valueless, and to rely on
them in the present danger will be imbecile
quackery.
The hulk of the people are already sick of the
law and the Church, which, existing for their
protection and comfort, give them neither. Of
what use are they, if they do not secure the
people meat, clothes, and fire ? Without these
they cannot live, and these they have not. ft
will not do to say they have no right to then ;
for if they have no right, what right have the
law-makers and parsons to possess them in abun-
dance ? We know that there is a great repil;
nance to enter into a discussion of the rights 0'
the different classes, and more particularly of the
rights of property; but these kinds of disc'
sions are now forced on the people by the vas'
distress of the industrious classes, and the
copu-
lence of those who pretend to protect them and
provide for their welfare. No right will long be
safe or respected in such a condition of society
and the sooner men make up their minds to laY
aside their squeamishness and look our present
danger full in the face, the sooner it will be sur-
mounted.
We had occasion to remark on WednesdaY,,io
an article on a " Passage of the Edinburgh -be;
view," that, fast as the population has increase"
since the Revolution, the wealth of the commu-
nity has increased much faster. But all that in'

crease of wealth has somehow or other been Tll°c;
nopolized by the law-makers, by the clergy, and
by some few favoured and protected classes'
while the bulk of the labourers are worse off
than were their ancestors, if that be possible, in
respect to the great necessaries of life, nieat,
x'.
clothes, fire, and shelter. The following passage
from Mr. J. ASHTON YATES' letter to the la
owners and farmers of Carlow confirms this view'
and points out some of its consequences on the
present condition of trade :
Had a more liberal policy prevailed in the couneila
UOf
,
the nation towards the working classes,—had the .„
g
vernments of
,this country been more intent on raisin
the condition of their own subjects by education an
economical and financial reforms, than upon sustaining
the ancient systems of feudal domination throughout t
other States of Europe, it is probable, that we 511030,
not at this moment have been so dependent as we no
~a
find ourselves upon foreign countries for the consul:oV"
of a large portion of the cottons, woollens, hardwares'
&c., which we now produce. It is owing princiPa".l
therefore, to the low condition in which our worknies
live, that we are subject to those frequent revulsiont
in trade, which bring want of employment and grentici
privation to the poor, followed by great losses a. 0.
dangers to the rich and middle classes. For not 111,7;
is more clear than that in proportion as you raise
the
character and condition of the people, you inspirei „..
desire and the power to-increase their comforts and e-
joyments—and that when these improved habits are aeL,
quired, the exchange of their labour and ingenuitY ,th
superior clothing, food, and lodging, is continued wAto
equal advantage to the labourer and the landowne,r-:he
the farmer and the capitalist—to the artisan and "of
manufacturer. The best consumers of the produce
..r
our looms and our mines, as well as of our fields, are ou.
own fellow-subjects ; and greatly indeed do those Per,
sons err, who conceive that it is by keeping low wagee
and a degraded condition of the workmen, that the trader.
and agriculture of the country are to be made to prosper.
But different principleshave prevailed
still maintain them, point to our great advance _
d pro-
allstea Y ell.
the arts of civilization, as well as to our
gress in population, as proofs that the system works well.
They might as well adduce the vast growth of population.ag
and the increase of cultivation in Ireland, as proofs
the goodness of the system ; and that the Irish pea-
sants must necessarily be very prosperous and happh
because they pay high rents for the bog lands, winch
;and thions:nt
they formerly eut for fuel without paying any or the
most trifling rents. It is admitted, that the owners of
the land have been enormously enriched; that their re-
venues are three or four times greater in Proportion t°
their acres, than in any other countries ; even their
stewards and agents, their servants and drivers, have
become potent lords of the soil—by their prudence and
ingenuity not unfrequently changing places with their
employers ; and it is also true, that by the same sr'
tern, rich manufacturers and merchants have arisen
in numbers from the ranks of the operatives and over-
seers of the trading community, whose children, beeeir
ins lords of the soil, have vied with the nobles of the
land in splendour and power. and at length become Lords
of the ascendant by the same talents and perseverance
which first raised their families out of their low estate'
But the sad reality still remains, that the condition of
the
bulk of the working classes, especially in agriculture! 11_
worse than it was, both in England and Ireland, previous,
to this great advance in our national wealth, and the grew'
increase in the value of the lands.
Now it will become those gentlemen vrhe,
bawl for more law and stronger Government and
more Church, to show that the suffering people,
have not done their duty, and that the law ilea
the Church have. What is the duty of the
working classes? To sustain and nourish the
community; and most admirably have they per-
formed it. The amount of national wealth liar
gone on increasing; the number of persons wile
have been sustained in absolute idleness, or iii
what is called unproductive occupations, has,
been vastly and wonderfully augmented. Al
the other classes, the owners of rent, the Po"
sessors of tithes, the recipients of taxes, the re"
ceivers of profit and interest, have all been!
amazingly enriched, and that part of the social..
;task which is appropriated to the industriong
people has been skilfully, vigilantly, and une/c"
ceptionally performed.
What is the duty of the law-makers, of the
Executive Government, and the Church ?
guide, protect, comfort, and instruct the ind°l-,
trious classes. Have they done their duty as we':
as the industrious classes have provided for them'
They have not. They are enriched; the.'
wallow in opulence and ease ; and the industrious
classes are doomed to penury, ignorance, old
great distress. It is unnecessary to go into de'
tails, unless to trace out the individual acts by
which the result has been brought about. The
plain, unanswerable fact is that the law-makers
and the clergy have claimed for themselves the
office of protecting, instructing, and comforting
the people; and the people are neither protected,
instructed, nor comforted. They want the
)mmon necessaries of life, and their distress i 5
I I llnplete proof that the ruling classes have
grossly neglected their duty to the working
classes, who so amply provide fbr them.
Some unthinking, unobserving Tory scribblers
would have the world believe that the distress of
the people is the consequence of the extension
of commerce. But the person least acquainted
with the laws of nature is aware that the greater
the number of any phenomena embraced 13
any rule the less is the chance of fluc-
tuation, and the more steady and undeviating the
rule. Why should not this hold good of com-
merce, and fluctuations decrease as trade ex"
tends? That, in fact, is the natural course, and
trade only fluctuates beyond the fluctuations of
the seasons—which are neutralized in proportion
as trade includes the whole earth, the average of
all being perpetual and undeviating fruitfulness
—because it is limited, restrained, and perverted
by Tory- and other ignorant law-makers. This
alleged cause of distress is one of the pretexts
by which the Tories seek to hide from the ill-
dustrious classes the wrongs they do them.
Some persons seem to suppose that the rignt
of property stands in the way of the
People,
is the cause of their distress. If that be so, it I
the duty of the law-makers to alter the right of
property, for it behoves them, above all thing,
to protect the industrious classes. The funda-
mental idea of a Government is that of one
oil-
man keeping watch and ward, while
AV
The
hole
other provides food and clothes. end
modern
Governments have properly no other object than
to they are
ban
'
to protect the producing classes . •
engaged in their toils, and in the enjoyment nt
their produce. If the right of property',
established or sanctioned by the law-maker,
of the cumbrous contrivances of

MORNING SUN•

tit a •
la Lie way of the Government performing
that great and chief duty, the right of property
sloat be modified. To protect industry, and the
itdustrious classes, is the first duty of the Go-
Vernment.
As it is plain that they are not protected, it is
equally plain that the ruling classes grossly neg-
A:et their duties. For many years these ruling
elaases have been Tories, and Tory principles
have been followed, and Tories have made the
tit". Every Sovereign is at heart, it is said, a
Tory, implying that despotism or misrule and
Toryism
are one. Owing to the influence of
Toryism, industry has been deprived of its
lights, and the industrious classes have not been
protected. Toryism in fact is now, and has been
r the last half century, another name for a
system of plundering, instead of protecting those
cusses. Hence its probable advent to power is
ken by them with dismay or horror, and is
heralded by deep gloom, numerous bankrupt-
cea, great distress, and—let us solemnly warn
,at Quack who is at the head of the Tories—
still greater apprehension and greater danger.
It was not to be expected that the Standard 0
'could silently behold the Times mauling and
maiming the Protestant Association—that be-
loved body, with THE CnisnoLm at its head—
Ind not ende.avour to shield it. The Evening
Tory is, however, too prudent, or too faint-
14,!arted, to quarrel with the Morning Tory, and
lc it protects the Association, without hitting at
tl.e Times. It modestly contents itself with say-
11*.g that the Association, the language and con-
duct of which the Times vituperated, " surely
eserwes the support of the country." The Times
and th e country think not, fur the Association is
ttst dwindling into a collection of self-appointed
tEce-hearers. Our Contemporaries are becom-
lag at variance on so vital a point as the support
t f Protestantism ; and as that will scarcely ad-
Lit of compromise, we expect to see them, ere
ong, renew their former animosity.
To both, who have lent their columns to the
iale and unfounded stories of the Irish Orange
Journals, we must say that the tales they record
1)f voters being carried off and hunted out, can-
llot he true; for such offences, whether practised
1127 Catholics or Protestants, would be offences
at law, and might be severely punished. If, in-
ked, the voters consented, and the violence were
simulated as a means of protecting
Wrorii the vengeance of their la ndlords, for
\thorn the electors would not vote, and
ligainst whom they dared not vote, there
Would be a good reason why the offenders
lihould not be prosecuted. On no other supposi-
tion can we account that the numerous pretended
outrages recorded in the Irish papers, and thence
transferred to the columns of the London Tory
Plats, have not led to as many complaints and
Zlrosecutions by the abducted and outraged vo-
ters. The law in Ireland is strong and rigorous
'enough to punish such offences; and to affirm
that they are committed without being punished'
to calumniate the Tory electors and the Orange
magistrates, who have the administration of the
avr in their own hands.

A Correspondent, vvhom we have every reason
o believe well informed on such matters, begs
Iv
will call attention to the reprehensible and
labecoming liberties which Tory gentlemen, so
`called, and Tory ladies, we grieve to say, take
mirth her MAJESTY'S name and character. It is a
`common practice, we are told, particularly in shops,
411 and where the word of the said Tories, whether
'he's or she's, must not be contradicted, to lament
'that VICTORIA is Queen, and to throw out
hints that she is unworthy to reign. It is quite
%sufficient to prevent these Tories from buying an
trticle to be told that it is named VICTORIA.
I will buy nothing," is the remark, " called
After the QUEEN, she is a bad woman." Whe-
ther meant or not, such insinuations produce a
`considerable effect on the minds of shopmen,
who shake their heads when the QUEEN is spoken
of, and shopwornen, who thank their stars
they are not like her MAJESTY. It is a gross
"Iffence to speak ill of the political dignitary;
hvlt to calumniate the woman is in the highest
4Evree offensive. The super-pure Tory ladies
and gentlemen who do so cannot be too severely
'-ensured. We are prone to believe these state-
ments, because it is our fervent conviction that
the Tories will do anything to get into office,
and anything to voiat their spite at being kept
out. The men and 'women who do not hesitate
tto Consign thousands of their toiling countrymen
load countrywomen to .a premature death, will
not stick at such a trifle as calumniating her
MAJESTY.

We publish, in another part of The Sun, Lord
FRANCIS EGERTON'S letter, explaining the cir-
cumstances of the formation of a corps of yeo-
Tanry, attributed to his Lordship. Than the
Noble Lord there is personally no more amiable
%ad enlightened gentleman ; but the political
Principles which he has now u.lhappily em-
braced, and the political party to which he, un-
Tortunately for him, belongs, compel ug to say
that, as a politician, nothing can be suspected of
hill which is too bad. The great party of op:t-
ient idle gentlemen, who can combine to with-
hold food from their labouring fellow-country-
luen, and who annually starve a great number
'Dut of existence, must not be surprised at the
Public readily entertaining a notion that they
Would have no hesitation to put those to death
Y the sword whom they put to death by the
!Law. Before Lord EGERTON'S yeomanry were
heard of, we had pointed out the exist-
ence of an armed body of men exclu-
sively under the control of the owners of
=rent—and no better than serfs in all
Inestions—as giving them a fearful prepondes-
Ivace, and as being intended to enable them to
Sustain their system of plunder. Suppose that
Lord FRANCIS EGERTON had done exactly what
the Manchester Times and the Liverpool Mercury
describe, he would only have acted consis-
tently with. the principles of his party and his
order. Tie cannot complain of that being attri-
buted to him which he would be ready to do,
And what his friends and companions glory in,
luomely, arming themselves to maintain the
supremacy of the law, and to enforce obedience
to it, though that law b e the Devil's law, and
the law which withholds food from the people.

The French Journals of Sunday have aii
reached us, but their contents are of little inte-
rest. They confirm the reports which have bear
-hitherto circulated respecting the intrigues which
the KING of the FRENCH is carrying on
in Spain. A revolution for upsetting the Re-
gency is already organised, and it is reported that
large bodies of the National Guards and troops
of the line have been bribed to support it. But
tSPARTERO is a man of energy and courage, and
we are confident that if an attempt to overturn
the Government be made, he will not be wanting
in those resources for the protection of the State
'which the Cortes have placed at his disposal.
The following are extracts from these Journals :
PARIS, Auo. B.—Petitions to the Chamber are pre-
Paring for the abrogation of the law of the fortifications.
--Le Gazette de France.
PARIS, AUG. B.—The illoniteur of the Bth has no otli•
eial part.
M. Guizot set out for Eu yesterday morning.
We have received this morning the Toulouse jour,
pals of the sth.
The Journal de To: douse announces that on the
)211orning of the stei numerous arrests took place at the
'onetime in different parts of the city.
M. Arzat received on tke 4th a summons to ap-
pear on the sth to give his evidence as a witness before
the President, in the affair of the disturbances.
The Emancipation says that in consequence of the
arrest of the editor of the Univers, M. Arzat has sus-
pended the publication of that paper ; the inquiry into
I,ole affairs of the disturbances proceeds with great ac-
tivity. It is announced that M. Denormand, formerly
Caulmis- sary of Police, 'who has been arrested at Paris,
'will shortly arrive at Toulouse.—Lc Constitutionnel,
August 8.
:PARIS, AUG. 7.—The King will remain at Eu till
the end of the month, when he will tome and reside at
St. Cloud.
„ --- Couriers are sent every day to Eu, with despatches
tor ti to several Ministerial departments.
PA IS, AUG. B.—ThelEmancipat ion of Toulouse of