The Sun.
London, England, 1841-11-26 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN MEXICO.

In the New York papers which arrived about a week
ago, there was an account of the sanguinary contest in
Mexico, brought down to the 2d of September. How-
ever, in the German papers which reached town yester-
day, we find later intelligence. A private letter, dated
from the Mexican capital September 14, received by a
house in Hamburgh, gives a variety of details, from
which we make a few extracts :
" MEXICO, SEPT. 14.
" About midnight en the 31st of August I hastened to
the window in consequence of an uncommon noise in the
street. I saw an immense number of people running
here and there. At first I thought they were avoiding
the rain, which was then falling very heavily, but I soon
observed that our neighbours were carefully shutting
and fastening their windows. Very soon, to my great
astonishment, I learned that General Valencia, a near re-
lation of the PI eiident Bustamente, who a few years ago,
fought against the revolution, and who on that account
received within these few weeks the honourable prese-
tation of a valuable sabre, had declared against the
Government. I ' ere such men are apt Laid to rebel, they
only pronounce, and the rebels call themselves' Pronun-
ciados.' The best troops have proneunced with General
Valencia, and he has taken possession of the citadel,
which was once a tobacco manufactory, but is now for-
tified and surrounded by a ditch. The number of the
insurgent troops is said to have varied from,7oo to 2,000,
but it is not thought that Valencia will venture to do
much until Santa Anna comes from Vera Cruz. The
President Bustamente has a very inferior force. Ile has
left the Palace, and was on the Ist instant in the Monas-
tery of St. AUgustin, near which I live. During the
whole of that night I heard the soldiers calling out their
watchwords, Quiezi vive!' sentinela alerte . All
warehouses and stores have been closed since the Ist.
That morning there was a good deal of firing from St.
Augustin ; but I understand it was directed only against
the route taken by some deserters, who were making
their escape.
" On the 7th the Cortes was declared in a state of
siege. On the 11th the President advanced with his
troops against the Citadel, but he soon fell back, as he
was afraid of being cut off. It is said that Santa Anna
is in Peroti, and it is thought he will not be able to ad-
vance any further, as it is said the Government has
fproosmt e dp
a7sosoi
ncavalryr.
liani
n such
of
pa
umeballner as to prevent him
" Since the French blockade, the Government is afraid
of giving offence to European Powers. A bulletin has
therefore been addressed to the foreigners, desiring
them to put out their national flags on their houses, so
that if there should be any plundering, it should all fall
upon the Mexicans only ; but as yet no flags have ap-
peared. The Archbishop went yesterday to the Ca-
thedral to try to make peace, but the Pronunciados
will not listen to him. General Paredes is expected to
arrive on the 17th with fourteen pieces of cannon and
3,000 men. It is probable that Bustamente will then be
abandoned by all his troops. The leaders have issued
long proclamations, addressed to their respective parti-
sans ; that of Bustamente is dated the 10th, Valencia's is
dated the 13th."

EMIGRATION PROJECT OF THE

GOVERNMENT.
It is announced that the Cabinet will bring forward,
next Session, an extensive measure of emigration, as•one
of the means of relieving public distress. We-believe a
well considered system of emigration to be a desirable
measure iu an old and densely-peopled country ; which
has immense colonies : it may, in some degree, benefit
the mother-country, and' still more the dependency—
may give a population to the latter, and customers to
the former. It is, however, in the first instance, an
expensive and a slowly-operating method of relief; and
it cannot be concealed, that our colonies have hitherto
entailed upon us great cost to defend them in war, and
to give them the monopoly of our market in peace.
Such dangers ought to be guarded against in future.
For ourselves, we regard the emigration of Englishmen
more as a benefit to the world at large, by spreading the
religion, the civilization, the arts, and the literature of
England, than as any material advantage to this coun-
try. But when the avowed object of emigration is to
relieve the superabundant population of Great Britain,
we cannot avoid putting in our strong protes;. against
the assumption that our population is superabundant,
until the monstrous and wicked policy of preventing
our people from importing food to maintain themselves
at home shall have been abandoned, and wo have tried
whether Britain may not support its present, or even a
much larger, population in comfort and prosperity. Why
should we send the flower of our industrious workmen
and tradesmen to the Antipodes, to raise their food
from the wilderness, when, if allowed to obtain, it from
neighbouring countries, thqpight employ their ener-
gies amidst all the comforts-4tlaeir native home ; and,
by increasing the population auk wealth of our own
island, augment its power and its influence in the
world? Is it not a perfect burlesque on statesmanship,
to banish your people across the globe, because you
dwthhiel sat, itif is
is there for
won't let them eat European corn at home ? Whilst
bread is sixty per cent. cheaper on theit
t 0
00utthhe of the
made Straits
permanently
mDa
no:
ne
trl
yt haaan
bi
yt is`
law,on whatthe north,prete
pretence
end
talking of emigration ? Open your ports,—receive all
athhaeatopdratvheattathaelitwtioer,ldgaciannaseeanrdchyaofts
of Polynesia or Australasia. But a man might as well
complain of hunger who refuses to open his mouth to
receive food, as a nation complain of excessive numbers
to
grantrece of public
i ve food
m
for themot
ez a
supply of those
d
be pro-
posed in aid of emigration, we hope it wilFbe proposed
numbers.whiwhich
reu s flefs a
as an amendment that the money be raised exclusively
by a land-tax, and payable.only by the friends of the
Corn-law.—Leeds Mercury.

THE BLUSH OF DAwN.—We learn from the
Manchester Times, that at the conclusion of the business
for iwhich the Anti-Corn-law deputies had been
fpoarrt thorough of the
spe-
cially convened, the chair having. been vacated and
a new chairman appointed, JosePh stSturges.,,,,_ ,
of Birmingham, brought forward the ' que,tion "lo.f
complete suffrage. He was listened to with marked
attention—the conversation which ensued, exhi-
biteddeputiesa, to
elsaldesire on the
promote a movement
Reform, and we understand that a resolution requesting
Joseph Sturge and Sharman Crawford to draw up a
document on the subject, which, after signature by the.
Deputies, might be published, was passed unanimously.
This is the first blush of daNvnafter a long pOlitical night.
In as far as it goes, it is a courteous, manly, noble move
on the part of the League towards reconciliation with the
labouring classes.—Nonconformist.
THE OLDHAM BRANCH RAILWA".I.---We
were in error in stating that the Oldham Branch Rail.
way (copied from a Liverpool paper) would be partially
opened in July or August next. We expect it will be
opened throughout by the Ist of March.

POPULATION OF LANCASHIRE.
The official account of the population of each county
in Great Britain, which wa give e:se'.here, enables us
to arrive at some facts strikingly illustrative of the great
and increased importance of this manufacturing county ;
which has now become the first county in England, and
indeed, in the United Kingdom, in amount of population.
Yorkshire, which in every preceding census stood first,
is now the second county in this respect, and Middle.
sex is the third, it having hitherto stood second ; so
that the population of Lancashire has increased with
such rapidity during the last ten years, as to advance it
from the rank of third to that of the first county in the
kingdom in this respect. It is interesting to mark the
gradual rise and development of these three great coun-
ties in point of population, as exhibited in the following
figures :
Census of Lancashire. Yorkshire. Middlesex.
1801 672,731 858,892. 818,129
1811 828,309 986,174 953,276
1821 1,052,859 1,173,187 1,144,531
1831 1,336,854 1,371,359 1,358,330
1841 1,667,064 1,591,584 1,576,616

Lancashire has, therefore, the largest population of
any county in the kingdom,—numbering 75,480 more
inhabitants than Yorkshire, and 90,448 more inhabi-
tants than Middlesex (which includes so large a portion
of the metropolis itself). But the importance of this
county, in reference to the number of its population, is
equally striking when we take its area, compared with
that of Yorkshire, as in the followed figures :
Area in Statute Acres. Area in Square Miles.
Yorkshire . . 3,81.5,040 . . .5,961
Lancashire. . 1,171,840 . . 1,831
These figures enable us to ascertain that the popula-
tion of Lancashire is at the rate of 9101 inhabitants to
every square mile of its surface, while in Yorkshire the
number of inhabitants is only 267 to the square mile.
Another mode of showing the vast relative impor-
tance of this great county is, to find bow many of the
smaller counties of England are required to make up
an aggregate of population equivalent to that of Lan-
cashire. Let us take, for instance, Bedfordshire, Berk-
shire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Dorsetshire,
Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Mon-
mouthshire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Rutland,
and Westmoreland—thirteen counties ; and we find
that their aggregate population is just 1,666,570 ; so
that in the whole of these counties there aro really 494
fewer inhabitants than in this single county. It would
lead us too far astray to contrast the respective legis-
have power and influence of these two masses of po-
pulation ; but these facts cannot fail to claim for this
county a larger share of attention and respect on the
part of the Executive than it is receiving even at the
present time. A respected Contemporary, in a neigh-
bouring county, observes, that the three counties of
Lancaster, York, and Middlesex, compaise 4,835,264
inhabitants, nearly one-third of the whole population of
England.—Manchester Guardian.