The Sun.
London, England, 1847-06-03 00:00:00

--.---- se_ ------_
an insignificant fishing place—is, consequently, re- every species of virulence against their native
garded as among those spots which have been sancti- manufacturer who, by his zeal, energy, and corn-
fied by the presence of the childhood of genius. Every manding ability, directed the mrowovementsthe of the 1
endeavour seems to have been made for the development gigantic League f the of most
of those seeds of wisdom which, we maintain, with all iniquitous monopoly that ever oppressed an en-
deference to the immortal LOCKE, were visibly im- t lightened people. No effort was spared to make us
planted by Paovusesics in his fruitful and capacious believe that the powerful machinery which he had
intellect. From the first there was manifestly an developed, and so successfully controlled, was highly
innate tendency towards the acquisition of know- unconstitutional, as well as to impute the most sordid
ledge and the exercise of virtue on the part of motives to all who had engaged themselves in the
THOMAS CHALMERS; that tendency was assiduously ever-memorable crusade against the corn-laws. Vain
encouraged by his scholastic and spiritual instructors, was the struggle of the Protectionists. Mr. COBDEN,
at the University of St. Andrew's. Such were the conscious of the rectitude of his cause, despised
distinguished indication:: of his ability while a student every missile of petty malignancy that was
in that northern academy of learning, that he was hurled at him and at his devoted followers, and
frequently selected as a mathematical assistant at the armed alone with the unerring weapon of pure rea-
classes of Professor VILANT. On his presentation, in son, he discomfited his akisag;on'tsts at every turn, and
1803, to the incumbency of Kilmany, THOMAS CHAT.- finally reduced their stronghold to a state 'of complete
MERS was a living contradiction te that assertion of demolition. ii it isothng proved more galling to the
Professor PLAYrAIR that the Scottish cSeAgy vas feelings of our unbending arkstoerazi than that Sir
unadorned by the combination of rhetorical fluency Ites-ssr PEEL (whom, for ten long years, they had
and profound erudition, graceful 4ecial4ation and incessantly laboured ,c restore to power) should, hi
bookish enlightenment. From the first ponsent of 'rise hour of their defeat and hunailialion, have !‘ gone
his appearanee in the pulpit of Kilmany out of his alai" try nass a high eulogium upon. the
Church the renown of CHALMERS resounded brilliant caree; of: the riop. Itlansher for Stock-
through the whole of the istand. The music of port. Turning our minds to what has reeently
his tongue, rising from the golden chanshcra of his 1 passed in Italy, how different is the pic-
imagination, and harmonised by the breathings of his . hire! Tharp the nobility have been foremost to
morality, entranced his hearers, took their judgments pay their homage en masse to Mr. COBDEN wherever
by storm, ravished their senses as it were with the he was found among them. No artificial or miserable
utterances of a prophet. conventionalities of pride kept them aloof. The hum-
Dr. CHALMERS, however, was immeasurably greater bier the birtn of their guest; the more striking became
as a moralist than he was as an orator. it woos by the nobility of his mind. His philanthropic genius
the combination of those two marvellous qualifications shone with greater brilliancy from not being over-
that he acquired such supreme influence over his con- laid with any outward emblem of state. Others
temporaries, and elicited so much of the admiration may owe their transient importance and dignity in
of mankind. As an orator and as a moralist, Dr. the eyes of their fellow-men to the honorary
Chaseeres must hold for ever a conspicuous place distinctions which they have derived from the Crown,
among the promoters of civilisation and the but, with Mr. COBDEN, nature had patented his no-
practical benefactors of the human family. His bility with her own hand. Regarding him, then, as
greatness in this respect is undoubted and permanent. the greatest benefactor of his age, the nobles of Turin
Nor were the efforts of this extraordinary man re- have set their own rank in the fairest light by the
stricted within the limits of oral tuition ; as an ethical public demonstration of respect and admiration which
and metaphysical writer he has assumed a bright and they so spontaneously made in favour of Mr. COBDEN.
enviable position. His literary compositions are in The Honourable Gentleman's speech was replete with
effect essentially of a declamatory character, they in- his usual wisdom. His remarks always strike home.
dicate unmistakably the spontaneous torrent of elo- No sooner are they uttered than the judgment is
quenee that rushed perpetually through his mind— convinced. What truths are contained in the follow-
aodvee m e rI ts
Every
follow-
the eloquence of the very conception of his thoughts, lowing graphic sentences!—
r and the eloquence with which those thoughts were of ssshteisannice-blosehoaast'eb bdtheeenbe contri ebuting towards free
‘, Ever since te cof war th discoveries an im-
habitually expressed. Whether he indicated his ideas
an
fa-
by the movement of the lip or of the pen the language vour—every mile of railroad was a reproach ar
to the restrictive
riitcs tii,.
tsi3litem. Locomotives and fiscal prohibitions were incompa-
was always resonant with wisdom, it was occasionally b etai
They could
disdained the ancient custom-house
embellished by rhetorical decorations, and was
restraints.B N N
y could not nurse their modern giant in an
invariably inculcative of generous and ennobling old-fashioned cradle."
principles.
In a n
Nwas audience;assured ith
thatt the heKipnrngi oc fi p
1e
s h
SARDINIA,
y 0 c
aAtlera.
Upon the remarkable ecclesiastical movement CoD E
which in 1843 attached so much of mingled obloquy were highly approved, and in proof of the same the
and applause to the name of Dr. CHALMERS, we shall KING announced that reductions would be made in
say nothing. It is scarcely possible to conceive, his tariff at the earliest possible moment.

however, that this virtuous and learned man was actu

ated in that movement by any but the purest motives

and the loftiest aspirations. THOMAS CHALMERS might,
. _ ..

from the fallibility of human nature, unwittingly fal

into a mistake—be could never designedly be guilty

of any dereliction of duty.
Gifted beyond most men in the capacity and bril-
liancy of his intelligence, THOMAS CHALMERS was in
like manner gifted with a sublime elevation of pur-
pose. His memory is his panegyric.

The quondam "Reproductive Employment Com-
mittee " held their first meeting at the Rotunda on
Tuesday under their new title of the " Irish Coun-
cil." There was a fair attendance of persons repre-
senting every shade and variety of politics—the
Orangeman and Conservative, the Whig and Radical,
the Old Ireland and Young Ireland repealer. The
advantages that may be derived from the
association are wholly dependent on the man-
ner in which its members will act, on
the fidelity with which they may adhere to the lead-
ing principle of their society. If they will honestly
and conscientiously waive all selfish and party con-
siderations ; if they will, irrespective of political or
religious differences, cordially and energetically co-
operate together for the good of their common coun-
try, for her elevation in the social scale, and the ame-
lioration of her children's condition, their exertions
will be valuable indeed, and greatly tend to the
attainment of the desired object. But, on the other
hand, if they suffer bickerings or discussions to pre-
vail, no matter what may be the exciting causes, if
they endeavour to promote the interests of any
class in* preference to the general welfare of all,
their meetings will be productive of evil in place
of good, and it would be well if they had never
met. There are certain topics which, if at all intro-
duced, must inevitably lead to contentions, but there
is a wide field for their deliberation without trespassing
on this debateable land. The line of demarcation is
clearly indicated. It must be manifest to the dullest
comprehension what questions are certain to call up
an opponent and to excite angry discussion in an
Irish society, and all such questions should be most
religiously eschewed, and if for a moment brought
forward in the heat of argument, should forthwith
be suppressed by the authority of the chair.

Madrid papers of the 27th have arrived.

The KING still continues at the Prado, where he
has been visited by his father, who had a long inter.
view with him, but nothing has transpired as to what
passed between them. It was reported in Madrid
that the KING intended going to the Escurial. The
Tiempo states that it is his intention to take up his
residence in the capital of one of the provinces. The
QUEEN continues her daily excursions, in which she
is accompanied, as usual, by her uncle and her cousin.
The effects of Don FRANCISCO DE PAULA have been
removed to the Royal Palace.

MADRID BOLSA, MAY 27.—The Three per Cents. were
done at 30% cash, 301% paper; the Four per Cents., 18
cash; Five per Cents., 181 cash, 181 j paper; Debt without
Interest, 53 cash, 6 paper; Exchange on London, 49 cash.

We are not amongst those squeamish and nervous
persons who think that there is danger to the institu-
tions of the country from regular and periodical dis-
cussion with respect thereto. Those which are really
sound will bear any ordeal to which they may be
subjected. However vigorous the attack may be, a
corresponding defence will be forthcoming, if they
are based on equity and justice, and deserving of
public support. Whatever may be the case, truth
will eventually be elicited, and more accurate views
produced from the arguments used on either
side. The glorious triumph of free trade the
abolition of the gigantic and pestilential monopoly
that so long brooded over the nation, that fettered
our commerce and impaired our energies, was owing
to, the cogent reasoning, the convincing proofs adduced
by the members of the League at their meetings, and
wafted on the wings of the press throughout the
length and breadth of the land, which clearly pointed
out and established the injurious results of, and the
gross injustice perpetuated by, an adherence to the old
and now, happily, obsolete system. We have often
known the .most beneficial effects flow from public
meetings and pablic discussions, but rarely, if ever,
anything baneful or injurious. Publicity, however,
is essentially necessary ; the moment privacy is
resorted to, under any circumstances, or on any pre-
text, that moment the usefulness of the body has de-
parted; you may be certain that some insidious
proposition is about to be brought forward which
will not bear the light of which its advocates, and
supporters are at heart ashamed. The Irish Council
in deciding that the press shall be admitted to all
their proceedings, have given the best guarantee of
the purity of their motives and intentions; and so
long as they continue to do so—so long as everything
brought Forward is open to the world, and subject to
the commeats of the journalists, there can be no
danger from the indiscretions to which all men are
subject. For a long series of years the fatal rule,
" Divide et imperil' has been acted on towards
Ireland with fatal success. Her weakness has been
,chiefly owing to the differences of her chil-
dren, to the blind and reckless hostility they have
exhibited, and the animosities which they have felt
towards each other. If these feelings can be altered,
if they can be induced to regard each other ae
labourers in the same vineyard, to support and
strengther: their mutual exertions, so long as they are
directed to the same end and object—to regard each
other as natives of the same great family, with be-
nignity and kindness—the chief difficulty that has
hitherto retarded the regeneration of Ireland will be
obviated, and a fair prospect afforded for her ultimate
prosperity and welfare.

We have received the Paris papers of Tuesday.
The Presse continues its attacks on the Ministry
for not intervening in Spain to support French in-
terests. The article (which is one of a series to ap-
pear day by day) is well seasoned with abuse of
England, her policy, her religion, and her Govern-
ment. Rumours of an impending change of I.lli-
nistry still continue rife in the French capital.
The National says—
" According to certain journals 111. Duchatel was to have
returned to Paris yesterday, and to have resumed his func-
tions as Minister of the Interior; according to certain others
he was to spend not fewer than eight or ten days at Ram-
bouillet. All were mistaken—M. Duchatel did not return to
Paris yesterday, and he hardly passed forty-eight hours at
Rambouillet. It is probable that the air of the forest did
not agree with him, for we learn that he thought right to
approach the sea, and that he is at this moment at Trouville.
We are assured that Trouville will not be his last station,
and that before coming to Paris he will try several other
places. This state of things annoys M. Guizot exceedingly ;
he had never greater need of a man who knows the Chamber
well, and how to manage it. If he be obliged to reach
the end of the session without the help of M. Duchatel, the
campaign will be a severe one for him, as in the month of
August next it is probable that he will, like M. Duchatel,
feel the necessity of a change of air, and of improving the
health of body and mind far from Paris."
We read in the Union illonarchique

"It appears certain that the Ministry, whilst putting on
airs of triumph for the very equivocal victory which it ob-
tained on the question of postal reform, was, at the bottom
of its heart, very seriously frightened at the small and un-
accustomed figure of a majority of 25 votes. We learn, in
fact, in the most positive manner, that after a long and pro-
found deliberation on the dangers of the present situation, it
was decided in the last Council of Ministers that the Govern-
ment should endeavour to the end of the session to avoid all
kinds of debates on questions of administrative and financial
reform. In consequence of this resolution, it was decided
that no opposition should be offered—at least to the principle
of the proposition of the Hon. M. Demesmay, relative to the
duty on salt, which is about to be submitted to the Chamber,
and that the amendment of the Committee, adjourning the
execution of the proposed measure to 1849, should be sup-
ported, or, if necessary, enlarged."
The affair of General CUBIERES still continues to
excite great attention. The report of the Committee,
which is considerably advanced, will extend to more
than 800 folio pages. The National says that " the
Committee is determined to pursue its labours how-
ever high the station of the persons compromised."
When the report shall have been distributed to the
Peers the Chamber will assemble and discuss with
closed doors the question as to whether it will be ad-
visable to institute ulterior proceedings.
" It is announced (says the Cow-rier Francais)
that Bou MAL", is about to return shortly to
Algeria, and that the Government has determined
to confide to him the command of a body of native
troops. He is, it is said, to be placed under the orders
of General Yusur."

Mr. CHARLES KINNAIRD SHERIDAN (son of the
late THOMAS SHERIDAN, and grandson Of RICHARD
BRINSLEY SHERIDAN), one of the Attaches of the
British Embassy at Paris, died in the hotel of the
Embassy on Sunday night last, May 30, in the 30th
year of his age.
The Sentinelle des Pyrenees states that the Carlist
General ALZAA and another Spanish refugee named
PEREZ were taken into custody on Thursday last, at
Bayonne. General ALZAA is said to have been in the
environs of Bayonne for more than a month, and to
have taken several journeys into the Guipuscoa.
The Echo de l'Agriculture announces a fall in the
price of grain in almost all the markets of France.

The Constitutionnel states that " the appearances
of the forthcoming harvest are particularly fine in the
department of the Eure and Loire. In the depart-
ments of the Meuse, the Vosges, and the Moselle
likewise, the crops are magnificent, and unless some
fortuitous calamity occur, the produce will not only
be abundant, but the harvest particularly early."
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Tues-
day at 78f. 95c.; the Five per Cents., 117 f. 25c. ; Orleans
Railroad Shares, 1,265 f.; Rouen, 97f. ; Havre, 660 f. ;
Great Northern, 612 f. 50c. ; Avignon, 760 f. ; Vierzon, 590 f. ;
Bordeaux, 511 f. 25c. ; Basle, 187 f. 50c. ; Paris and Strasburg,
430 f. ; Tours and Nantes, 415 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 435 f. •
Lyons and Avignon, 447 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 447 f
50c.; Spanish Three per Cents., 35 ; Ditto, Domestic Debt,
221 h.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JUNK 2.

Boulogne and Amiens, 161j—Central of France (Orleans
and Vierzon), 1514—Dutch Rhenish, 4—Namur and Liege,
31—Northern of France, 12—Paris and Lyons, 5.

Upwards of 50,000 persons have visited the Royal
Surrey Zoological Gardens since Whit Monday. Among
them were the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess
of Northumberland, the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough,
Espartero, Duke of Victoria, and party; Earl of Sheffield,
Earl Digby and party, Sir Charles Monk and party, Count
D'Oraay, Sir Cfr. Wilson, and numerous others.
The plan for the adoption of a uniform penny re-
ceipt stazt.p, althougii hitherto neglected by the Government,
is Still urged in the City, and a petition on the subject has
jisat been prozented to the Louse of Commons. The existing
tar posseaaes .the two great-qualities which invariably tempt
to evasion, .nee, from its zomplications, it is no less incon-
venient than burdensoisi.e. in 1783 the estimated produce
of the receipt stamp tax, as then proposed to Parliament, at
the rate of 2d. between 2/. and 20/., and 4d. for all higher
sums, was 250,000/. ayear, and notwithstanding the fact of
the tax having since been increased to rates varying from
6d. up to 10s., the produce in 1843 was no more than 174,755/.
Taking into account the extension of business
.between these
periods, the evidence is plain of some unfitness in the system,
at least on its present scale, with the prevailing habits of
business, anti there can be little doubt that if suffered to con-
tinue without n,ioditication, it will rapidly fall into total dis-
regard.

Mr. COBDEN, M.P., has made his farewell speech
in Italy. The inhabitants of Turin were foiled in
their eager desire to receive their distinguished %1.-
sitor in the same magnificent manner in which be had
been entertained in other cities of their beautifal
country, owing to their having no public building
containing a hall or apartment of sufficient dimensions
to contain the numerous admirers who were anxious
to greet the presence of our celebrated countryman.
and v i
Nevertheless the influential nobles did their utmost,
untarily invited sixty guests to a banquet,
which they had determined upon giving in Honour of
the great commercial regenerator
of
contrast
county
nineteenth
century. What a reflective contist here
n3pre-
sented between the trans-
Alpine
own ! Little better than a twelvemonthu
greater portion of the English aristocracy . the
and
indulged inr