The Sun.
London, England, 1840-10-01 00:00:00

WITH A MAP OF AUSTRALIND.

THE COLONIAL MAGAZINE for OC-
TOBER, No. 10, Edited by R. MONTGOMERY
NI ARTIN, Esq.
Contents:-1. Union, Commercial, Social, and Legislative,
between England anu Ireland-2. Free cheaper than Slave La-
bour-3. On the Entomo-Geographical Character of the
African Continent-4. •Parochial Colonization-5. Slavery,
Domestic and Prwdial, in British India-6: Effects of Climate
upon Man-7. New South Wales, Statistics-8. Powers of
Colonial Governments-9. Van Diemen's Land—Hint; for
Emigrants-10. Tiniana Insula, by the Marquis Wellesley-
-11.• Australind-12. England's Prospects as a Commercial
Power and her immense Colonial Advantages, &c., &c.
- Fisher, Son, and Co., Newgate.street, London. .

rrHE PRICESS AUGUSTA.—A FOR
RECT PORTRAIT of her I.OYAL HIGHNESS.
—The Mourning to Abe worn on the lamented Death of the
Princess—Seven Plate.; of Fashions, embellish THE WORLD
OF FASHION Monthly" Magazine of the Courts of London
and Paris. Full Descriptions of the Mouriiing. Price only
Two Shillings.
...Office, 209, Strand, London. Sold by all. Booksellers.

THE CATHOLIC MAGAZINE, No. 45,
for OCTOBER, contains—War or Peace—Reminis-
cences' of My Uncle Barnaby, Chap. ll.—Stray Leaves of My
Journal, The Holy Sepulchre—Letters of Henry Vlll.—En-
couragement, from the German of Salis—Poverty and the
Baronet's Family—A Sunday in France—On the Conversion
of England—English Ecclesiastical Reforms—Hospitals of
Rome—Ecclesiastical and Miscellaneous Intelligence, &c.
Dolman, 61, New Bond-street ; and Jones, 63, Paternoster-
row.

Just published, price 2s. 6d.
PRACTICAL ,SSAY on the DEBILI-
T I E§ of the GN4ERATIVE SYSTEM, their Va-
rietiei-, CauSes, Tieatrue-rtZand,Cure
ByaillEhlFlEß of theIIOYAL COLLEGE of SURGEONS,
Lonsloii;-: and Sur.geon to a Metropolitan Infirmary.
• "1 am iinpotent,—and no tit to live7'--Last's Records of. L
Onwhyn, Catherine-street, Strand ; Rciss and
Nightingale, Liverpool ; Barlow, Birmingham ;: and all Book-
sellers in Itmn avid Cointly.
• Dbp. Perispns in the Country may hate this work forwarded
lay post (free), bp:On addressing .either of..the above Booksellers,
and; iriclpsing &remittance of. 35..

liist-puhliihed; in ro±al'lBmo.; cloth, price 33. ; and sent in
'Town or Country free, by pest, 3s. 6d.,
ItifArNHOOD: Me AUSES of its PRE-
. MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for
.ITS,<PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those suf-
fering from.tlie **destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habito,:Or Infection ; followed by Observations on the
TREATMENT of SYPHILIS; GONORRHEA, GLEET,
&c. Illustrated with Cases, Sic.
By J. L. CURTIS "and COMPANY,
Consulting Surgeons, London.
published' by the Authors, and sold by .Ralliere, Medical
Bookseller, 219, Regent-street ; 011ivier, 59, Pall Mall ;
S range, 21, Paternoster-row ; Pattie, 4, Brydges-street,
Strand Machen and Co., 8, D'Olier-street, Dublin ; Duncan
114, High-street,lEdinburgh ; and to be had of all Booksellers.
The Work which is now presented to the public is the result
of very extended experience in a class of diseases and affec-
tions, which far some unaccountable reason have been either
altogether overlooked, or treated with apathy, and almost in-
difference, by the c dinary practitioner. To enter into the
details of these affections, to point out their causes, and to
mark the terrific consequences, social, moral, and physical,
which are sure to follow from indulgence; 'in certain habits,
• would.be entirely out of place in au advertisement. We have
no hesitation, however, in saying that there is no member of
society, by whom the book will not be found interesting, whe-
ther we consider such person to hold the relation it a PA-
RENT, a'PRECEPTOR, or a CLERGYMAN.

The PARENT, who beholds his beloved child pining away,
and fast approaching to a premature grave, in consequence of
some disease, which for want of a careful investigation of its
real cause, has been set clOwo,, to the ticoreig consumption,
will, on perusing this, wailt,bc.ait.Mtiabool. to 644, that in. 131.41
tenths of the cases of young perstms of both sexes; who perish
of what is called pulmonary consumption, heart disease, tabes,
&c., the sole and exclusive origin has been the indulgence in
certain destructive habits, practised by youth much more fre-
quently than is at all suspected.
The PRECEPTOR, also, who holds temporarily, at least
the relation and responsibility of a parent, will, by perusing this
work, be directed, and very much assisted in investigating and
detecting the too often concealed practict g so often introduced
into schools, whereby the health and ultimately the lives of his
pupils are sure to be compromised, unless the evil be checked
in proper time. He will here find a clue to guide him through
the intricate mazes of this moral labyrinth, and a standard
whereby to judge, when delicacy of health should appear to
attack any of his young charges, what the rea rause of such
attack may he, and thus he will be enabled to check the evil in

its incipient state.
The CLERGYMAN, in whose sacred character, is at once
concentrated the twofold relation cf parent and instructor, will
here be directed as to the nature of those habits, to which
youth is addicted ; he will also be enabled to point out the
disastrous consequences which are sure to follow from them, if
not relinquished.
Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their
residence, No, 7, Frith-street, Soho, from Ten till 'three, and
Five till Eight in the Evering ; and Country Patients are re-
quested to be as roinnte as possible in the detail of their cases,
—as to the duration of the complaint, the symptoms, age, ge-
neral habits of living, and occupation in life of the party ; the
communication must be accompanied by the " usual Consulta-
tion Fee of 11.," without which no notice whatever can be
taken of their application ; and in all cases, the most inviolable
secrecy may be relied on.
N.B. Seven doors from Soho-square.

WAX CANDLES, ls. 2d. per lb.; Fine
Wax, Is. sd. ; Transparent Lights, with the im-
proved plaited Wicks, ls. gd. ; Genuine Wax, 2s. ld. ; Ge-
nuine Sperm, is 9d. ; Store Candles, 61d. ; Extra-fine Waxed
Wick Moulds, Bd. ; Yellow Soap, 465., 545., and tiOs. per
1121bs. ; Mottled, 625. and 665. ; Windsor, ls. 4d. per pac-
ket ; Palm, ls. 4d. ; Old Brown Windsor, Is. 9d. ; Rose, 2s. ;
Superior Almond, 2s. 6d. ; Superfine Sealing Wax, 4s. 6d.
per lb. ; Genuine Sperm Oil, 9s. Od. per Gallon; Common,
for the new Solar Lamp, 3s.
For Cash, at DAVIES'S Old-Established Warehouse, 63,
St. Martin's-lane, Trafalgar-square, opposite New Slaughter's
Coffee- House.

COPAIBA AND CUBEBS ENTIRELY SUPERSEDED.
WRAY'S BALSAMIC PILLS, a certain,
safe, and the most speedy remedy ever discovered for
the permanent and effectual cure of gonnorhcea, Meets, stric-
tures, seminal weakness, whites, pains in the loins, affections
of the kidneys, gravel, rheumatism, lumbago, local debility,
irritation of the bladder or urethra, and other diseases of the
urinary passages. The unprecedented success that has attended
the administration of these pills, since they were made public,
has acquired for them a sale more extensive than any other
proprietary medicine extant ; and the circumstance of their en-
tirely obviating the necessity of having recourse to those dis-
gusting, nauseous, and iu many cases highly injurious medi-
cines (as copaiba, cubebs, &c.) has obtained for them a repu-
tation unequalled in the annals of medicine. Prior to being
advertised, these pills were employed in private practice in up-
wards of I,boo cases, many of them most inveterate—in many
thousand cases since, and in no one instance known to fail, or
to produce those unpleasant symptoms so often experienced
while taking copaiba, and that class of medicines usually re-
sorted to in these complaints. The proprietor pledges himself
that not one particle of copaiba, either resin or balsam, cubebs,
or any deleterious ingredient enters their composition. Copaiba
and cubebs have long been the most commonly employed medi-
cines in the above complaints; but, from the uncertainty in
their effects, together with their utter inefficacy in many cases,
are fast declining in reputation ; and from the unpleasant
symptoms invariably produced from taking copaiba, especially
in the early stage of the complaint, many of the most able
modern practitioners condemn it as dangerous, and a medicine
not to be depended upon. Many persons, after having suffered
more from the effects of the remedy than the virulence of the
disease, and after a patient but painful perseverance, have been
compelled to relinquish its use, the whole systernhaving become
more or less affected and the disease as bad, if not worse than
at the commencement. As regards cubebs, it is true that
such violent effects are not experienced as while taking co-
paiba ; but they seldom effect a cure, unless more active medi-
cines are administered. The Balsamic Pills are free from any
of the above objections ; they act specifically on the urinary
passages ; and, from their tonic properties tend to strengthen
the system and improve the general !tealth. They require
neither confinement nor alteration of diet (except abstinence
from stimulants, where considerable inflammation exists) ; and,
as experience has amply proved, they will effect a cure sooner
than copaiba (the dangerous results of which, in the inflam-
matory stages, are too well known to need further comment),
or any other medicine in present use, and may be justly consi-
dered the only safe and efficacious remedy in all' stages of those
disorders. In addition to these advantages, the very convenient
form in which this invaluable preparation is offered to the pub-
lic must also be considered a desideratum.
Prepared only by M. 0. Wray, and sold wholesale and retail,
at 118, Holborn-hill; at the \Vest-end Depot, 9, Agar-street,
Strand, opposite Charing-cross Hospital, London ; and, for the
accommodation of shippers and seafaring people, at No. 8,
Darkhouse-lane, Lower Thames-street. May also be had of
all respectable medicine venders in town and country, at 2s. 9d.,
4s. 6d. , and 1 ls. each box.
Patients in the remotest parts of the country can be treated
successfully on describing minutely their case, and enclosing a
remittance for medicine, which can be forwarded to any part of
the world, securely packed, and carefully protected from ob-
servation.

THE NELSON -EMORIAI:

Yesterday afternoon the foundation stone of the
Nelson Memorial was laid on the site in Trafalgar-
square, presented to the Committee by her Majesty's
Government. The proceedings were conducted in a
private manner, owing to the absence from town of no-
blemen and gentlemen comprising the Committee. The
stone was laid in order that the work might not be de-
layed. C. D. Scott, Esq., the Honorary Secretary of
the Committee, officiated on the occasion. _ .

At half-past four o'clock, after the arrangement of the
numerous preliminaries, a massive block of Dartmoor
stone, weighing fourteen tons, was raised, and Mr.
Scott then placed in a bottle, which he hermetically
sealed, the various coins of the realm, from a sovereign
to a silver penny, which have been struck during the
reign of her Majesty the Queen, as also a list of
the distinguished members of the Committee and Trus-
tees, together with a statement of their proceedings
in connection with the commencement of the work,
and the following inscription engraved on vellum
" Memorial of the Achievements
of the late
Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson.
" At a general meeting held at the Thatched House,
St. James's-street, on Thursday, Feb: 22, 1838,
4. Resolved—That this meeting, impressed with the
deepest veneration for the memory of Lord Nelson, pro-
posed that a general subscription be raised for the pur-
pose of erecting a national monument in a conspicuous
part. of this metropolis in commemoration of his glo-
rious achievements.
" Resolved—That the following noblemen and gen
tmleitmteeen'towict the Cog
this object into effect."
[Here follow the names of the noblemen and gentle
carry
hrrpyower to add to. their numbers, be

plo to the memory of Admiral Lord Vis-
INSCRIPTION.
the..
BTrhiteisfhoupnedoation-stone of this column, the tribute o.
to the departed hero, who fell
with
board the Victory, in the
count Nelson, was laid on the 30th day of September, in
the year of our Lord I 840,and the fourth year of the reign
of her Majesty Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ire-
land, by Chas. Davison Scott, Esq., son of John
Sc
ever-memorable battle of Trafalgar, on the twenty-first
day of October, in the year 1805, when Divine Pro-
vidence blessed the fleet under his command with the
most signal and decisive victory over the combined fleets
of France and Spain.
his Lordship
srar
oYn
.. His memory shall endure
when this Column shall
Have perished.
.. This column was erected by Messrs. Grissell and
Pao, from the designs and under the immediate super-
intendence of William Itailton, Esq.',
The bottle containing the coins and inscriptions was
here inserted in a cavity in the foundation under the
stone, and the block was then lowered to its resting-
place, amidst the cheers of those present.
The usual formula 3 connected with procedings of this
nature were then gone through.

Ponson_e
in Bolton-row,
and nephew to Viscount
Pxopnisendb y ,
ta Ambassador
Porte, and Countess Grey,
row, on Monday
Pb
Mr. Robert VVentworth onsonby, youngest son
of the Hon. George
mansion
evening. Mr. Ponsonby, who had been for some time an
invalid, was in his twenty-sixth year.
erothefani il
to th
y
The Great Western Railway will, we under
stand, be further opened, before the end of the year, to
Wooton Bassett, and from Cheltenham to Cirencester,
and the entire length of the railway on the Ist of June
i next.

All accounts agree that the pop
in consequence of the conscription and the forced labour
to which the industrious classes have been subjected.
" Mr. Moore," says Dr. Bowring, "estimates the mili-
tary forces of Syria at from 40,000 to 50,000 men. The
last conscription added about ifi,ooo men to the army,
and between 7,000 and 8,000 had reached Syria from
Egypt. Since the Egyptian conquest there have been
three conscriptions. They are carried on in the most
irregular manner, by a' sort of general arrest, which is
conutieted about the streets, in the fields, and in the
'dwellings of the people. A medical examination takes
place. The suitable men are detained, and the others
dismissed ; but those who are dismissed obtain no security
against a second capture. Every new conscription adds
to the difficulty on the part of the Government, and the
dreai on the part of the people.- They almost invariably
detest the military service, of which banishment from their
country and enrolment for life are the common conditions.
• . Like, as in every other" part
of the East, the exhaustion of the population by constantly
returning conscriptions is perpectually checking the ,tin-
-dencies towards improvement. In .scarcely any emits of
the rural districts are hands enough left to cultivate the
soil. Almost all the young and strong male/population
has been drafted into the Nizam ; and there were some
villages in which a fourth of the inhabitantst had been so
taken possession of. ,
" There is indeed no grievance so universally felt among
the Mussulman population in Syria as that of the'ciniscrip-
tion, which,' says Mr. Wessy, is effected forcibly, with-
out reference to the wants of families' for the service of the

youth or any other consideration, beyond choosing the
stoutest pod most able-bodied for the military service.'
The service is for an unlimited period. Conscripts are
obtained with great difficulty, and against the will of the
mass of the population. No conscription had taken place
since the beginning of the winter of 1835 until the general
One of this year; the former I calculated at 27,000, the
numbers obtained from a person attached to the Egyptian
army, but I added 18,000 more, making the total of the
conscriptions at about that period 45,000, though the
former was the military return.
" As to the question whether population is increasing or
decreasing, and the causes of its augmentation or decline,
Mr. Weny says it has been ascertained from the Ferdeli
Register,' that the population of the great to•cns and vil-
lages has decreased. The principal cause is the conscrip-
tion, though the numbers taken for the service does not
make the difference. Emigration may be• considered as
filling lip the wasting numbers, and had this cause not ez•
isted, I am of opinion that the population would have in-
creased ; but when it is considered that a majority of the
young and most robust part of the male population is take❑
for the military service—and of those who escape the con.
scription, a great proportion emigrates ; this alone, with-
out other considerations which check the propagation of
the human species, is a sufficient cause for a decline of
population."
We can easily believe that " it requires great suffer-
ing to induce the farmers to quit their homes, and fly
to a strange country." The following extract from a
representation of the British mercantile firms at Aleppo,
speaks volumes as to the misery caused in Syria by the
iron rule of the Pacha. Among the grievances com-
plained of are—
" The seizing of camels and mules by Government for
its own purposes without giving notice, without leaving
portions for the purposes of trade, and without remunerat-
ing the owners ; the consequences of which are, that the
camcliers and muleteers, being compelled to give so ranch
labour gratis, increase the price of their labour to the
merchants in proportion to what they lose by the Govern-
ment. That the seizures often happen when large stocks
of goods arc landed at the coast for transmission to Aleppo,
and being left there for lack of conveyance we suffer loss
of interest, and often loss of market ; and in the same way
when stocks arc here for shipment to the coast, that the
seizing system is aggravated by the practice of seizing
camels and mules going down, under actual contract with
British houses to bring up their goods, and in some eases
even when loaded with British property ; and we think
that the after admission by the government of the army
does not compensate us for the loss, now that such admission,
in each case, while such cases are continually recurring,
gives any evidence that there is a real desire to abandon
the system.
" The system of seizing conscripts for the army from
all classes by force, and tor a period of indefinite service
in a foreign country, produces to us these consequences :
Debtors flee to hiding, and are often taken for sol-
diers, whereby our debts are often endangered, and always
delayed.
" A large proportion of the able and industrious youth
are taken from the cities—the agricultural producers from
the villages—decreasing the industry and production of
the country, and by consequence the consumption of Bri-
tish goods.
" But the evil of this system is wider and deeper spread
—debtors flee, and dshts arc endangered—the earners of
wages are taken, and the incomes of families reduced. But
the 'Turks suffer more from the insolence of the men ern-

pioyed to take away their young men—the rob'rery of
their women, when, (as has frequently occurred) their
houses are forcibly entered—and the general dest►uction
of their peace and security ; so that many families arc emi-
grating from the cities and villages, and, to employ their
own phrase, ' they have no heart to buy.' We find that,
under such circumstances, the Turkish population entirely
neglect the decoration of their persons and houses ; and
as they are our best customers for the better sorts of
British manufactures, the market for these descriptions
of our imports is lamentably deteriorated by the recent con-
scriptions."
It were endless to multiply proof of the calamities
oc-
casioned by the endeavour of Mehemet Ali to make
himself a powerful s uler. The boasted improvements
of Mehemet Ali seem to reduce themselves to this, that

- _
having a large and well organized army, there is no
spot saved from his oppression. Under the former
state of things there were, no doubt, many irregu-
larities, and the peace of the country was frequently
disturbed by the quarrels of rival Chiefs. But the peo-
ple were used to these irregularities, and had many
ways of protecting themselves. But they are alto-
gether without defence against the grinding oppression
of Mehemet Ali, The rule of Mehemet Ali does not
benefit the Syrians, and is positively injurious to him-
self. The resources of Egypt are wasted on Syria and
his other Asiatic conqausts. We are, therefore,
utterly at a loss tro understand how matters can be
made worse, as the French Journals pretend, by the
compelling the Pacha to give up Syria. No state
of things can be worse for the inhabitants of Syria
than the present. And as for the Pacha himself,
Syria can only be of importance to him as a means
of aiding his views in Turkey. If he wish to remain
at peace, he would ,be better off with Egypt alone
than with Syria added to it. The inhabitants of Syria
would seem under their former Governments, bad as
they were, to have enjoyed a considerable share of hap-
piness. Dr. Bowring describes the labouring classes as
better off than the same classes in England :
" The condition of the labouring classes," he says, " is
comparatively with those in England, easy and good.
They feed on mutton at three piastres per oke, several
times a week, bread daily, sometimes rice pillaus, and
' always bulgur pillaus ; bulgur is a preparation of wheat,
husked and bruised, or half ground, after having been
moistened and dried; their pillaus are made eititer with
butter, olive or sesam oil ; lebon, Joghourt, cheese, eggs,
olives, various dried fruits and an abundance of vegeta-
bles, beet roots, turnips, and radishes, preserved in brine
or vinegar, and cucumbers an f capsicums in vinegar, for
winter use. Their clothing is not very coarse; the fine
climate permits them to wear light cotton and other simi-
lar apparel, and in the short winter they are generally well
covered. Their lodging is good ; generally each family
etas a separate house or a set of rooms ; in the towns and
villages a house. The prices of lodging vary according to
locality ; lodging generally in Syria for all classes is cheap,
comparatively with most other countries."
The condition of the inhabitants of Mount Lebanon
in particular seems to have been enviable.
" They are," says Dr. Bowring, " an active and labo•
rious race, who turn to good account such parts of their
soil as are suited to agricultural production. Their per-
sonal bearing is far more proud and independent than that
of the Syrians in general. In many parts of the mountain
range the land is laid out in terraces, much resembling the
almost horticultural cultivation of Tuscany and Lucca.
There is no part of Syria in which there
is so obvious an activity—none in which the inhabitants
appear so prosperous or so happy."
In Egypt the inhabitants have, in all time, been sub-
ject to task-masters, and a very small force can enforce
submission. But Syria can never be governed on the
same system, and the expenditure of the revenues of
Egypt in an endeavour to introduce that system, may
cause unspeakable misery, but must prove abortive.
The French Journals talk of the inability of tile Sultan
to enforce submission in Syria. The French are con-
stantly confounding strong governments with national
welfare. What if the Government of then ultan be not
stronger than it has been ? A country, which the
labouring classes are better off than the same classes in
England, with mountainous ranges like Lebanon, ex-
hibiting high cultivation by an industrious and spirited
population, was not in a condition generally to be pitied.
And it appears that the people of Syria would gladly

(From the Titres.)
The vacant Professorship of Divinity in the Univer-
sity of Glasgow is, we believe, the most lucrative, as it
is unquestionably the most important, of all the theolo-
gical choirs in Scotland. Of course it is in the highest
degree desirable, both for the credit of that re-
spectable seat of learning and for the good of religion
generally, that the office should be bestowed, irre-
spective of all sinister influence, on the most eminent
divine within the pale of the northern Establishment.
Among the candidates for the vacancy in question we
find Mr. Lee, of Catnpsie ; Dr. Hill, of Dailly ; and
Dr. Muir, of Edinberrc,ll. Mr. Lee is, doubtless, a
venerable divine of long standing in the Church. Dr.
Hill's patrimonial claims as the son of a respectable
sire, are precisely parallel with those of Lord Howick
to be Prime Minister of Great Britain. Of worthy
Dr. Muir, though wholly unknown beyond his own
immediate congregation in Edinburgh, we would not
offer a single disparaging word. But whilst
these are the only gentlemen who hare been men-
tioned as candidates for this important chair.
neither of whom in our opinion posseses the slightest
claim to it, there is a really distinguished individual
who, though delicately abstaining from the competition,
cannot be passed by in this affair without the grossest
injustice to himself, and the most serious detriment to
the public. We allude to Dr. Chalmers. On the pro-
fessional qualifications possessed by that celebrated per-
son, as contrasted with those of the venerable Mr. Lee,
or those of the respectable Dr. Hill, or those of the ex-
cellent Dr. Muir, we could not possibly descant, with-
out inflicting a severe sarcasm upon the respective pre-
tensions of those candidates, which, by all means, we
are anxious to avoid. We are told that the University
Senate arc so equally divided as to the filling up of the.
vacancy, that the -appointment now depends upon the
casting vote of Sir James Graham, the Lord Rector.
How this may be, we cannot say ; but should the
rumour be true, we entertain a sanguine hope, that
on a fair consideration of the case, Sir James will
not only give his own rote in favour of Doctor
Chalmers, but use his influence with the learned Se-
nalus to render the election unanimous. The nature
and extent of the Doctor's claims may be stated in a word
or two. In the first place, having now been tried for
some years in the University of Edinburgh, he has
proved himself one of the most attractive and efficient
Professors of Divinity which the Church of Scotland
has ever had. Such a charm has he given to his
lectures, that crowds of lay gentlemen have been in
the habit of attending them, while the bland and
profound theology with which they are imbued has
produced a race of licentiates inferior to none, we
believe, in any part of Christendom. The attainments
of Dr. Chalmers in regard to the evidences in favour
of revealed religion, on which subject lie has pro-
duced one of the most masterly treatises of modern
times, appears to us, besides giving him a high claim upon
public gratitude, to fit him peculiarly for the chair of
Glasgow—a city where it is understood there is a great
deal of speculative infidelity, which diffuses its poison
more or less over the whole of the west of Scotland.
With such an accomplished Professor, leavening a
large body of students and laymen with the invincible
reasoning whereby Christianity is upheld, the very best
results may be looked for in that great emporium of
manufactures and trade. It will not do in the present
day to have a second-rate man in such a divinity
-chair as that of Glasgow. A daring and licentious
spirit of scepticism is now abroad, which, in order to
counteract it, demands the very highest powers that
Scotland can supply. And we may add, as another
reason why Dr. Chalmers should be preferred, that
a number of Unitarian students, educated on the per-
version of Dr. Williams's ortliorlox endowment, are
sent annually to Glasgow, and would, in all probability,
be attracted to attend Dr. Chalmers's lectures, with a
clear advantage both to themselves and to genuine
religion.

(From the Morning Advertiser.)
Every person who has the happiness to be acquainted
with Mr. Alderman Harmer has the highest opinion
of his honour and integrity, and fully impressed with
the conviction of his liberality and worth. Not to speak
of his subscriptions and personal support to public cha-
rities, his purse is always open to the poor and distressed
widow and orphan, of which it would be a work of
supererogation to enumerate the instances. The oppo-
sition to his election to the office of Lord Mayor is at
once personal and political ; personal from spite and
private pique, political in order to serve the purposes of
faction, for we believe that in paint of fact the Alderman
is very moderate in his politics ; that in truth his only
politics are love. of his country and her institutions,
and a detL-rivinutton to maintain them. We arc assured
that to-morrow the worthy Alderman will be conside-
rably at the head of the poll, and we heartily wish him
success.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

INL WMARKET FIRST OCTOBER MEETING.

WEITSiiSDAY.
Fifty Pounds; for three yrs old, ist 51b; four, Bst Slb ;
five, tlst 13Ib ; six and aged, 9.t. D. I.
Col. Peel's The Dey of Algiers, 4 yre (Nat) 1
Mr. Sandiland's Oswald, aged 2
dtol on the Dey. It would b^ a mockery to call this
a lace ; The Dey had it all to himself, and won by at lutist
one hundred yards.
The St. Leger Stakes of 25 sous. each, for three yrs old ;
colts, S t 71b; and fillies, Bst 41b. D. I. 113 Subs.)
General Yates'_ Gibraltar (Nat) 1
Mr. Treen's Fitzroy

Lord Lynedocli's Jcffy
Lord Exetcr's Aniuratli
Lord Exeter's Scutari
Duke of Bedford's ch f Billow

Betting-6 to son Gibraltar, 4to 1 agst Scutari, 6to
1 agst Jethy, 7 to 1 agst Amurath, and 8 to 1 agst Fitzroy.
Jeffy made the running at a moderate pace, followed by
Fitzroy to the turn of the lands, where Fitzroy took it up ;
at the Duke's Stand Gibraltar headed Jeffy, and at the
cords went up to Fitzroy, whom he defeated cleverly by
half a length.
General Grosvenor's Diploma, 83t, received forfeit from
Lord Lichfield'i Defendant, Sst 31b. Ab. M. 100, h ft.

TUESDAY'S RACES CONCLUDED.
Thl dead heat for the Grand Duke was run off at four
o'clock, and decided as follow :
Lord Exeter's Amurath
Lord Jerse)'s Muley Ishmael
The following are particulars of the two races :—First
Heat—Amurath and Perseus cut out the work, the grey
and Capote lying c:o.e up into the bottom, where the
grey shut up; the other thane ran almost head and head,
Tuley Ishmael waiting on them till half way up the hill,
IA here he made a desperate rush, caught Amurath on the
post, and made it a dead heat. Capote was an excellent
third, heating Perseus by about a neck. Second Heat—
to 4on Muley Ishmael. Amurath made all the running,
was never headed, and won by half a length.
Buckenham Stakes.—Wahab took the lead, kept it to
the end, and won cleverly by a length.
Hopeful Stakes.—Huon made first running, having
Limerick and Messene in close attendance till near the
bushes, where Messene went in advance. Benedetti, how-
ever, went up at the top of the bill, kept the lead to the
end, and won by a length. Huon, Limerick, and E. 0.
followed Messene past the chair so close together that we
cannot take upon ourselves to say which was third.
BETTING ON THE NEWMARKET ST. LEOER.

Even and 6 to b on General Yates's Gibraltar—taken

3 to 1 agst Lord Lynedoch's Jeffy
4 to 1 agst Mr. Treen's Fitzroy—taken
DERBY.

18 to 1 agst Mr. Wreford's Wahab, Margellina c—tak.
22 to I Duke of Rutland's Sir Hans
22 to 1 agst Mr. Greville's Brother to Mango
20 to 1 agst Mr. Thornhill's lot—taken
40 to 1 agst Mr. Buckley's Brother to Tom—taken
40 to 1 agst Lord Westminster's Morning Star—taken
In the morning 20 to 1 was laid agst Wahab, and 40 to
1 agst Abydos.
The weather was remarkably fine, and the sport much
better than had been anticipated. The company, however,
was thin, old comprised only the following short list of
fashionables :—Duke of Rutland, Marquis of Exeter,
Earl of Jersey, Earl and Countess of Albemarle, Lord C.
Manners, Lord G. Bentinck, Lord Godolphin, Lord J.
Fitzroy, Sir John Shelley, Hon. Captain Rous, Hon. G.
S. Byng, Hon. G. Fitzroy, Hon. General and Mrs.
Grosvenor, Colonel Peel, Messrs. C. Greville, Payne,
Portman, T. Gardner, Wreford, Eaton, Newton, Baston,
Irby, Neville, Thornhill (and Lady), Broadhead, Easton,
Fulwar Craven, &c.

MANCHESTER—TUFSDAY EVENING.
There was very little done this forenoon. The room
was certainly well attended ; but we did not witness
anything like brisk busatess.. Several parties were on
the move for the York meeting. 4to I was offered on
the field for the Mostyn Mile race ; 6 to 1 bar ono
was offered.

Alarshal Macdonald's body will be embalmed by
the Gannal process, his family having already sent for that
artist.
A YEAR AMONG THE CIRCASSIANS, BY
J. A. LoNGWoaTit, Esc .--" These volumes will be read
with much interest. The subject alone—Circassia—is a
powerful attraction, and the manner in which the author
has recounted his adventures among the Circassians, the
Vivacity of his descriptions, the shrewdness and justness of
his observations, and the extent of his information, fulfil
the expectations of the reader. There are two classes of
persons who will find in this work the sort of information
they require—those who delight to contemplate a new
phase of human character, a new condition of social exis-
tence ; and those whose more practical object is to under-
I stand the political character and condition of the Circas-
sians, the nature of their relations to Turkey,
expectations from England ; and the probability or
to
im-
probability of their ultimate successful resistance
Russia."—The Times. and of their

(WEDNESDAY EVENING.)
TIMES.—The stock-market has been firm to-day,
and left off at some advance on the price of yesterday.
This is chiefly ascribed to scale large put chases, amount•
inn together to nearly 200,000/, of which a vrtion was
fur the Court of Chancery, and the larger part, as sup-
posed, :s a temporary investment of the assets of Ham.
merslcy's bank. As there was riothing prominent in
political affairs, the whole effect must be traceable to
this source.
A correspondent writes on the subject of the anti-
cipated famine in the south-western districts of Bengal,
which he thinks is more to be regretted as the land
throughout the province cf Orissa is well calculated for
the growth of rice. The inundations in the wet seasons
' arc, it is stated, chiefly owing to the inefficient mariner
in which the bands (embankments) are constructed in
givown way
underson e
tpial
er tps
roe fs.
stuhree
() f district.th e t rl:ehnetsse
%%a,
hich come
eto d
og
mountain passes and overwhelm the country. There are, it
seems, but four inspcctors of there bands tar a distance of
nearly ;300 miles, between Calcutta and Khoordah,
though the high road is intersected by ten largo rivcrs,
besides tributary streams. One of these Inspectors is
stationed at Jumlook, one at Balasore, a third at Cut-
tack, and a fourth at Poorce (Juggurn,:u.). Cuttack is
a peninsula formed by the Ciorjurce. arid Mahanuddee
rivers, and was. 300 years ago, so effectually embanked
by the Mahrattas as to be quite secure against inunda-
tion. The embankment consists of a line of stone but-
tresses raised close to the town against the banks of the
Gonjuree, which has been known to rise as high as 18
feet in one night. Should this band give way, it is
supposed that the whole town would be carried off by
the torrent. While on the subject of inundations, our
correspondent refers to the memorable one of 1831,
when no less than 35 villages were washed away, and the
country was depopulated for miles. On this occasion
the bridges between Cuttack and Dantonn were car-
ried away by the force of the waters ; and those who were
not destroyed by the flood were unable to procure pro-
visions, while the corn factors residing at Balasore took
advantage of their situation and raised to an excessive
degree the trice of grain. They were afterwards forced
by the loca. Magistrate to retail the corn at a lower
price. However, it seems that the monopoly of grain still
continues, and our correspondent would enforce the sup-
pression of this evil and a close attention to the state of
:the hands. Part of the criminals who are now employed
on the roads might, he tbinks, be engaged with profit
in constructing embankments. It is observed as a de-
feet, that the persons who superintend the embankments
arc not experienced, but that any one is engaged, who
contracts for so much per month. Hence, both in the
number and quality of the persons employed in prevent-
ing such fatal mischief as arises from inundation the pre-
sent system appears to be faulty.

POST.--The general money market has been with-
out much movement during the present day, but ap-
pearances have been certainly more cheerful, and in
Consols a rather important advance has taken place.
The settlement of the half-monthly account in shares
and foreign stocks has been adjusted without any diffi-
culty, th transactions having been on a limited and
cautious scale for the last two weeks. Money has
been more abundant to-day, and the rates of continua-
tion on the two accounts have been moderate, the con-
sequence of the gradually-disappearing apprehensions
of a general war. The foreign exchanges were, how-
ever, no higher yesterday, and the exportations of
silver have been larger in the course of the week ;
but the Custom-house returns show distinctly that the
places to which silver is principally exported are not
the corn-exporting ports, and that the depressed ex-
changes are in reality the consequence of warlike ap-
prehensions and preparations throughout several of the
European States. This is becoming so apparent in the
City, that the condemnation of the Gulrnment is
very severe amongst the capitalists that `lie Eastern
question is allowed to drag its slow length along, to the
great depression and derangement of almost every
branch of foreign and domestic trade.
'l'hc share market has also been generally better, an
advance of 2/. having been established in the old and
new shares of the Great Western Railway, 1/. in
Southampton and Brighton, and 10s. in the Eastern
Counties lines. The facility of obtaining money for carry-
ing over the account in shares created the speculative
business which 'caused the above tendency to advancing
quotations, and the reports from Liverpool were also of
a rather more favourable tenour in the course of the
present day.
The intelligence received this morning from the
United States, by the Roscoe packet-ship, is considered
to be favourable with respect to the monetary and mer-
cantile affairs of the Union. The only news which is
deficient in the letters of this morning is relating to the
election of the President, of which nothing further is
mentioned, although several days had elapsed since the
preceding accounts, and although the settlement of this
election is known to determine the monetary policy of
the country for some years to come. Orders for manu-
factured goods are arriving more liberally from the
United States, the President steam-ship leaving Liver-
pool to-rnorow morning with 600 tons of merchan-
dise, whiell sae taken at a high rate of freight.
market for metals has very marls advanced
during' the-t;:mewt,ib""l-1-Piedis_inco the coliemenee-
ment of the ruteefessen of a general—Enrcfcao war.
British lead, copper, and tin have all been benign*
largely by speculators, no less titan 200 tons of tin
having been exported to France within the last few
days. Owing to previous large accumulations of
British iron, this metal has not advanced in value
at a corresponding rate ; but the provincial newspapers
contain accounts of large orders for railroad iron for
the United States, which have no foundation in reality,
and are conjectured to be put forward by certain iron-
masters in the midland counties for the purpose of ob-
taining an advance in the price of iron at the ensuing
quarterly meeting of the trade. The only order for rail-
read iron for the United States is one of :5,000 tons for
the Eric railway, the contract for which has been taken
conjointly by two London houses, the iron to be fur-
nished by the British Iran Company from their
works in Wales. The iron-masters of Staffordshire
are at ail times unab:c to furnish bar iron at the same
low rates as the ironmasters of Wales, and these pre-
tended orders being announced in the Journals of the
midland counties, leads to the belief that the Stafford-
shire iron manufacturers are about to raise the value, of
a material already sufficiently high for the benefit of the
general manufacturers of iron goods. So far as the
approaching meeting of the Staffordshire ironmasters
may be intended for such a purpose, we can distinctly
assure the public of the midland counties that the late
paragraphs in the Newspapers are entirely without foun-
dation, and that not one bar of iron has been ordered in
Staffordshire for the market of the United States.
The ordinance of the King of the French reducing
certain duties on imported goods includes the articles of
fishhooks and needles, in which latter article particularly
it is thought that a considerable trade may be estab-
lished from Birmingham to France.

SUN.—By an arrival at Baltimore, we have advices of
17th August, from Jamaica, two days later than those
brought by the W est India mail. They notice the con-
tinuance of the most disastrous drought by which the
coffee crops were nearly destroyed. Ground previsions
were exceedingly scarce, and in numerous instances, the
cattle had come down from the savannahs of their own
accord to the rivers at some distance from them, and,
after satiating their intolerable thirst, had expired on the
banks. Fortunately, some supplies of grain had come
in from America to relieve the pressing wants of the
community. The robberies by the natives were in-
' creasing.
To-day there was a decided improvement in the
Stock Market, partly owing to the receipt of the news
from Egypt, relative to Mehemet Ali's proposal to the
powers, only intended, however, in our opinion, to gain
time, and partly on account of purchases making b. y
some of the jobbers who are putting their houses in
order for the 14th proximo, or settling day. Consols
closed at 881 for money, and 88g for account. Ex-
chequer Bills remained at 5 to 7 premium.
To-day the Active Spanish Stock was dealt in to
some extent at 22i to 234, but the Portuguese Five
per Cents. were dull at 33i to 34 for the account,
being however an improvement on the previous rates.
The Three per Cents. were 22 to `)1-i, ; Colombian
Six per Cents. declined to 221 ; Brazil Stock was at
; Belgian Bonds fell to 96 to 97k, and Dutch Teo
and-a-Half per Cents. rallied to 501.
The Railway Shares were dull.