The Sun.
London, England, 1847-03-12 00:00:00

to
inspection of the papers relating to this subject•_,
have an establishment of the independency si:_ssj
kingdom of Poland. The Emperor of .Austris.,,f;iti
to so laudable an object ; but the Emperor 0! lag.
insisted upon an absolute connexion hetween ts!nsti
(loins' of Poland and Russia. To this Atistrt acs
England objected, and that so strongly that thel:ros,
every expectation of the breaking up of the Cftvesb'ess
and the recommencement of war. A COrani" .001
then appointed of Russia, Prussia, France, Ans/rlootS
England, and called the Committee of Saxony, Worths
was intrusted, the arrangement of the matters, beore
31st of December the Emperor Alexander laid of die
the committee his proposition for the partition icon
Duchy of Warsaw, and it was in that Pt°r'h, e
toy
that it was offered to allOw Cracow
free, independent, and neutral city. Aftefheseto ;ss'
modifications; that was agreed to, and that was
te It
dation of the independence of the city of. Crept of
was therefore clear that when the final arrangiewpssse
the Duchy of Warsaw was made, England arl111!' mot
were parties to it, for shortly afterwards the pee of
ence of Cracow was declared. How' in easttb. cts
these simple facts, could the Austrians declare te ifete
cow became a political body by the will, of was oee
protecting Powers alone, surprised him; for it s ever
of the most extraordinary assertions which ,wared tbe,
made, The Emperor Alexander afterwards desa end
independence of Cracow to the Poles themsls; pas
stated that it }fad been agreed upon, that in thos othe„r
tions of Poland submitted to the authoriti,
powers, they should be governed and reguisteulit'asitst
own magistrates, elected by themselves. liclepribs,°'
to be trusted to such a promise was shortly a"-ejstssl
and how little the Polish people might, b tels Ate
upon the fulfilment of that part of it win° low'
to the independence of Cracow, was denloo tstlesl
It was impossible to read the documents of 414 b,,
without being convinced' of the truth of "yob.% ed
stated ; that Cracow had all along rrisin7ssigelt
greatest moderation in regard to whateVel;o"
forward in Poland. But from the moment tw"
fell, it was clear that the three powers wouldielis
portunity of annihilating the independence of ""oseale
state whenever a chance occurred, At.l_,,„,°°
held some time subsequent to the fall of w'"-tisas,
determination was fully shown in the deliberbitia,
the three powers. With regard to the disturAustrit
Gallicia, and the entry of Cracow by tbieheepsr„
troops, from first to last every endeavour ben, "--,0
to irritate the inhabitants of that city, 911" he
them to commit excesses. No one could reed t sodef'
tota s
lations of General Collin, the Austrian v 10,4
without being convinced of this fact. Cra°°,ssati
consequence suppressed ; a step which he well srisegsr_s
would never have been resorted to if France and von
had but acted in concert in the matter. A joist,-1/41.,,,'
from, the Governments of these two coat:alio it:
havo I,sse.sisted this melancholy catastrophe. A do:
also firmly persuaded, that had the Noble
the head sl/4f the Foreign Departnient sent t: fir
Cracow to watch over British interests there, ti'sl'ottr
would have been independent now. But the useiti
went which succerded had shown itself no Mere 10,1°
than the one before; nothing was done riblitnehs
avert the fall of the unfortunate republic. shesP
Prussia, and Austria, determined that Crassrad kt
be suppressed, and it was done, the reason usgig-slleßra
it being the disturbances in Gallicia, and the etas/
tion that no peace could be secured till Cracqo fie
to be the focus of insurrectionary intrigues. 'be dr,
circumstances, however, were well known, fr°llltosr.s
cussions last year that took place in ParliamSe's,
subject. It appeared that the Austrian treNeths;
vacated Cracow, taking with them all the locl oterew
rities, on which an insurgent democratic forse,eis Sol
and established a provisional Government. II:eof
was alleged to have made itself the moving st pit
the rebellious proceedings that then too," dig:
exterior to Cracow, and hence the violent IrTosett:
that took place in ,Gallicia. In the latter eel:: its ti
greatest cruelties were practised ; the pessanfWssa
gated by the Austrian authorities, rising UP, „psi'
every direction destroying all the landed proprittibeir
gentry supposed to tie friendly to the cause ofto beet
sureents. These were the causes which
assigned for the suppression of the free State o'.
the Hon. Member here read extracts from certantaillie
ments of the Austrian anthorities in illustrati9°,
matters to which he had referred ; also some ..b
pondence from the diplomatic agent of the IRZToIb:
vernment at the Austrian Court, to the effect t."..„5
time of the disturbances, no intinsation had °":„
by Austria of any intention to 051 suppress Crace,".o% s
the answers of the British Government, OP!. sCre
hope that whatever was done, the indepen deno
cow would be maintained inviolate. In revietribres
whole case, he much regretted that, among theca 11
Powers, he found one, Prussia, from rrieolie
had hoped better things, and to whom he he'":„ Oer
for the progress of constitutional freedom "0 lye
many. Having said thus much, he would, tjDyself
remaining observations he had to make, coal'e hatch
to the question before the House—the Bost Ver.
loan. After giving his best consideration to ty-0111'a
tion, he found there were two distinct conditions to
tits
convention of 1832—one, that England would
pay Russia the interest of the Dutch loan, an Dr
Russia on that condition agreed to the general agr
ments of the Treaty of Vienna. If :he Housewol
with him that the stipulation with the duchy ntd
was an important part of the treaty, they COn' ,telswi
with him to be ofopiuion that Russia had clearly an y
the Treaty of Vienna.—(Hear.) The treaty rte Or;
of Parliament as it were, and must therefore _
and
preted as one, and certainly considered as solemn
acsrpllionwdinags .;-m( g ht
oegarr2p It np13,1 but lt6itok
rli?e'd;
ness'of her dominions was no argument in lava net,
annexation in opposition to the treaty ; itwas
his opinion, a small question, and he could 11()%i;ori
with the Hon. Gentleman, the Member for Shrew'' Off
(Mr. Disraeli), that it was a matter of small dirl— d os
because he saw on one hand a small weak state, enstran
the other three powerful oppressors—Russia. A° on
and Prussia—its powerful executioners. Ile did oj,
looking at the whole transaction, that there was!ssao
cause for blame; because if this spirit of aggrePiCTotel
to be tolerated, there would be no safety for weak: was
who had powerful neighbours. —(Hear, hear.) l_ftlets, of
to be tolerated, what security was there fur tha
Switzerland, and for the awakening liberty of 11*'„,re
(Hear, hear.) Certainly, when solemn treaties of
ef
thus violated, there was little security ler thehs: whole
the countries of Europe. Yet, looking et great
proceedings, he might justly exclaim wit" d___..stle
Roman moralist, there was still hope for r"l'ln bear.)
quando dormit jus, mother nunquain !"—(11"1. -
Lord DALMENY concurred in tbc obserricraceo
the Hon. Gentleman, that the annexation 0l hssd or;
was one of the greatest cases of oppression thaths hs"
curred for years. If the lion. Gentleman, w ply°
proposed the three resolutions, had adhered si!led to
the first, which would confirm, if it were acc7,oo
that, in the opinion of that House, the threes la
had committed a gross breach of faith, in vifspbea
solemn treaty, to which they were parties ; "-Or °
he asked them to deal with it as a mere Obey's!
pounds, shillings, and pence, he considered 033/ sr big;
asking them to do that which would lowor thLiroseso
national character. Let them protect the oPPoei'
and do their best to reinstate them in their formerecter
tion ; but do not let them so desecrate the eiTheere
of that House, by lowering the question to ,11 part
matter of economy. If they adopted th'st abet
of his proposition, foreigners would declare tie pea
were not actuated by philanthropy, but h)„,. /1-„etletsesn
spirit of self-interest. He trusted the Hon. ure-nortit
the Member for Montrose would withdraw the „rids! r
of his motion to which he objected, because it w`ctfoll'
wrong if he divided the House upon such a propolsipera
Dr. BO WRING explained that the Noble Lord the
Dalmeny) would not pledge himself to the part °a sea'
resolutions to which he objected if he voted tor Sib The
timent of the resolution of whiCh he approren 00°
question which the resolution raised was not sitnPitoo
of money, but of "Poland and the Poles."—(Hear')ssre°/‘
thought when Cracow was spared from the general itte*
of Poland that it would continue to remain a livinb
nant of the nationality of Poland; but Austria, Pr°,7-d bee;
Russia, having violated a sulemn treaty, Cracow na ofe`
destroyed, and the last vestige of Poland delivered istri
to universal darkness. But if Cracow was to heotber
quietly destroyed, the safety and peace of thins tole°
countries of Europe was jeopardised. He wished id 110$
peace between' England and France, but he n°,.120
help thinking that the King of the French had "e-.trar'i
advised as to his conduct in this matter ._(Hear'
The promiseS wade have- all beeti forfeited.. The POO4
mises made to Bessarabia have all been violatunsies
princes are seated, or are deposed, and in those 01:01
there is an universal feeling of discontent. He 5,1,40;
that crisis which Mr. Canning had predicted' fast
struggle between the oppressor and the oppresse"; wbe
be brought to a conclusion, and though he was °ll-d of
shared in the disgust ads violation of' treaties ht:ia&the
cited, he was yet one of those who was glad
question had been brought to an issue—not the Veto to
as to whether Cracow was to be restored, but
whether the nationality of Poland was to be rest° .$OO
Sir W. MOLESWORTH said that there were` the
questions before the House. The first was, `vbeth
coed'
W
payment of 48,0001. was to be continued; and tne"-• '
e°
whether they were to take part in the great P&
oohs
revolutions of Europe. He shared in the opini°lltiat it
Noble Lord the Member for the city of London,
rested on the question as to whether the colonies Naito
had been taken from the Dutch should be restore _.lO,
them or not, by the convention of the 15th of liticraTbo
1814. By that convention the colonies of til/„ef
ffi ottr
and Berbice were to be restored in the event of
failing in these payments to the Dutch. '4OO
the engagement, and the result was, that w/ .—hired
pay not exceeding 1,000,0001. sterling. icasts
guaranteed by the convention of 1803, or, k for
that we should pay not exceeding 6,000,°°" f the
the defences of Holland and in satisfaction o otic
engagements between the Netherlands and Buseitt'
thi-
was the origin of the Russian Dutch loan, and Pa ape
country made it a debt, or, in the event of our not P ope
this money, we should restore the colonies of the &et.
of Good Hope, Essequibo, and Berbice. This enef.d
meat was made with the understanding that IlollaniaZih
Belgium should be considered as one country, allassairty
the understanding, also, that Russia should be a :4;e
to the combination of the two treaties. This was ID
under the convention in 1801 ; but a different arrauto
meat was made at the Congress of Vienna ;eou
he did not see that this made any differ a see.
for if we intended to deviate from that eng fhe
ment there ought to have been some clause to eto
effect, that we repudiated this engagement, °!..,..t05,
we ought to have restored those colonies to the lit
ss,,
and if we did either one or the other we ought t° Psvo
acted differently, or we should be acting on the sitsg:d
principles as those by which Russia, Austria,
Prussia had been guided. Lord MAHON had listened with the greatest
atten-
tion to the sp a
eech of the Noble Lord the Member
London, but still he remained unconvinced,fcl
no one was more anxious to express his feeling
L!d although for