The Sun.
London, England, 1841-05-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, MAY 18, Ik4l.

commercial capitalists whom the bread-taxers try
tcraegrade and ruin.

In the other House of Parliament Mr. HODGES
correctly observed that the farmers were gene-
rally comparatively poor men, and that they
were under so many obligations that they were nct
likely to become wealthy. We cannot look to
them, therefore, for the means of executing great
national undertakings; neither can we calculate
on landowners, who are generally immersed in
frivolous dissipation, executing such works. The
capitalists of the manufacturing districts, skilful
and enterprising,; are amongst the foremost men
of the day in promoting those great works which
will be the credit of this age in succeeding gene-
rations, and it would be to the honour of their
Lordships if they were to cherish such men in-
stead of envying and trying to oppress them. Lord
ASHBURTON, in endeavouring to make out a
charge of unreasonable discontent against the
capitalists of the manufacturing districts, showed
that they conferrad a great benefit on the public,
which it might look forM vain to either the land-
lords or their dependent tenants.

The system of legislation implied in the com-
bination of the sinister interests to defeat the
Ministers, is that of mutual and reciprocal pro-
tection, which means, as is now acknowledged,
mutual and reciprocal plunder, with the addi-
tional enormity, that they are all to plunder the
unprotected -classes, in the name of the law.
Of the thorough, unprincipled iniquity of this
system we say nothing ; we shall only make a
few remarks on its impracticability.
It is now avowed, on all hands, that the un-
protected classes cannot be fleeced any more.
Annihilated they may be, but, to squeeze any
thing more out of them is impossible. What
can possibly be got from Irish labourers whose
wages are sixpence a-day, and whose only food is
lumpers ? What can be wrung from a hand-
loom weaver who has 4s. :2d. per week to main-

tain a family of seven persons ; or from an agri-
cultural labourer, who has, while in work, the
great wages of II s. a-week ? No, the labouring
class is ground down very nearly to the lowest
stage of existence, and more than they have
heretofore yielded, they cannot yield. The pro-
babilities indeed, are, that waxing wroth with
oppression, or worn out by its heavy hand, they
will yield less, or will die exhausted under its
loads.

The unprotected classes, then, yielding nothing
more, the protected classes will have to get what
they can from each other. At present they are
united to resist an attack on their common mo-
nopolies, but whenever Sir ROBERT PEEL shall
be quietly installed in office, the selfish interest
of each class will come into full operation, and
the contest will be which shall have
most. If Sir ROBERT fancies that the
protected classes will remain each contented with

its present share of plunder, he will undoubtedly
find himself mistaken. The landed interest and

the monied interest already regard each other with
envious eyes, and the landed gentlemen who have
triumphed over the starving people will not long
submit to the operation of Peel's Bill. The first
fertile season which lowers prices to the level of
1836 will again see the CAYLEYS and the BUCK-.
INGITAMS advocating a reduction of the standard,
and threatening rebellion if the price of barley
be10.,375. Does Sir ROBERT expect that
,he w,iikivisintain the present plan of the cur-
gitlitai the same time preserve the support
• ,10 csclasses of the present combinators?
04
s quite certain that with the present
t.estrictiop4,fin trade, the profits on capital in
erY-`'depa'rtment of industry must decline.
Thdy, are' now stagnant, and if the channels of en-
terprise continue to be blocked up by the law,
down they must go. Your great Brazilian
mine sreculators, Bank Directors, iron-mas;-
ters, • ship-owners, &c., will then begin to
think it is time to get a slice off the landlords'
protection, and to loggerheads these mutual and
reciprocal protectors will assuredly go. A nice
task the Right Hon. Baronet will have to ap-
pease the unappeasable maws of avarice in its
various shapes and forms ; if he were dis-
posed to keep things exactly as they are,
hemay be sure that circumstances, which
are for ever varying, will not allow him,
and he will have to adjust and re-adjust to the
continual falling away of some one class of his
supporters, the rival claims of the mutually acd
reciprocally protected classes.

But if these should really out of dread of the
general foe, the despoiled and outraged people,
subdue their rivalries, there is one pro-
tected class which will take no denial,
and which even now demands an addi-
tional share of the general spoliation. Sir R.
INGLis's motion for Church Extension stands for
this day. Sir R. PEEL voted for it on a former
occasion, and must again give it his support. He
must, for consistency sake, and from gratitude, ex-
tend the Church, and extend the power and wealth
of the priesthood. He can, however, get nothing
more from the people. He must take something
from the mutually and reciprocally protected
classes, and then comes the squabble which of
them shall give, or which of them shall let go
protection. flow many months will Sir ROBERT
be able to postpone such a contest, and postpone
the breaking up of his party? We confidently
answer, not twelve. Dishonest men cannot
agree when each has much less than he
desires and thinks he merits, and the corn-
binators, at whose head Sir ROBERT PEEL
is to seize the Government, will very soon
break .up his Administration, as they are now
breaking up Lord MELBOURNE'S, for attempting
to relieve the people from a little portion of their
rapacity. The goodness of GOD pervades alike
the moral and the physical world, and He has
so ordered both, that honesty and gravity are
sure, in -the long run, to pull down the most soar
ing ambitions to the general level of the earth.
When the Government of the combinators shall
break into pieces by its inherent wickedness, as
break to pieces it will, a nice mess it will leave
the country in.

Even while we were writing the above re-
marks, a discussion in the House of Commons
was supplying an illustration of them. Mr.
HODGES, the Member for West Kent, had
a sly hit at the tithes, and made it
appear that they were the burden on
the laud which would prevent the landlords
from repealing the Corn-law. If, said the Hon.
Member, a man formerly allowed his field to re-
man unploughed, he had no tithe to pay as he
had no crop but now, whether he plough it or
not, the tithes are a fixed rent-charge on the
estate, and he must pay it, though his land do
not yield the amount of the tithes. The land-
owners and the tithe-owners will soon quarrel
with each other, when the people can no longer
yield enough to satisfy the demands of these
mutually and reciprocally protected classes.

We have not room to insert an account of all
the numerous meetings which have taken place
in the metropolis to support the measures of Mi-
nisters. A noble spirit is at length awakened,
and the example of the Metropolis will give a
stimulus to exertion throughout the empire.

The Paris Journals of Sunday have been duly
received. The debate in the British Parliament
on the sugar duties and bread-tax is exciting the
liveliest interest in France. Most of the Journals
support Ministers, and recommend a dissolution
of Parliament in the event of their being de-
feated on a division. They contend that the
Ministers cannot resign without betraying the
country, as the first act of Sir ROBERT PEEL, on
taking office, would be to dissolve Parliament,
and so bring all the influence of Government
to bear against the people at a new election.
From the House of Commons there lies an ap-
peal to the nation, and this Ministers ought con-
fidentlY tci'make before giving way to the Tories.
Lord WARWleleti taunting the peer with tick

• -

"

ignorance and inability to sign petitions, praying.
for leave to fill their bellies with cheaper bread, is
severely commented upon in the Siecle of Sun-
day. That Journal, says very truly, that the Aris-
tocracy rob the poor of their earnings in the shape
of a bread tax, and then sneer at them for not
being qualified to write begging letters to Parlia-
ment. If the tax were remitted, the people would
be in a condition to defray the charges of a
writing-master. Their Lordships, too, would be
saved the trouble of rejecting so many begging
letters.

The French Journals are very angry with some
of our Contemporaries for asserting that Louis
PHILIPPE promised to evacuate Algiers. We
regard the question with the utmost indifference.
If France cannot live without fighting, there is
no battle-field upon which she can let blood with
less injury to the progress of knowledge and civi-
lization than the theatre of her recent struggles
in Africa. A conquest which costs France
20,000 men annually, and burthens her people
with taxation, ought not to be grudged her by
those who limit her will to disturb the repose of
Europe by her power.

There is no domestic news of any importance
in the French Papers.
" Queen Christina," says the Gazette de France, " goes
daily from the Palais Royal to the Tuileries to breakfast and
dine with the Royal Family. One of the Royal carriages goes
regularly, morning and evening, to convey her Majesty from
one palace to the other, and conducts her back to her apart-
ments. Two sentinels are posted at the doors, and the guard
turns out every time the Queen goes and returns, the drums
beating a Royal salute. The same honours are paid to her at
the Tuileries, The Queen passes all her leisure time in w riting,
and after dinner is thus employed till 11, and sometimes 12 at
night."
We have received the following letter from Vienna, dated
the Bth of May :—" The nomination of Baron Munch-Bell-
inghausen, our Ambassador in the Diet of Frankfort, and the
President of that Assembly, to the dignity of Minister of
State and Conferences, which is published to-day in the offi-
cial Gazette of Vienna, is considered by those persons who
are acquainted with the internal policy of Austria, as the pre-
lude to a more important elevation. Baron Bellinghausen, it
is said, will soon be recalled to Vienna, to act in conjunction
with Prince Metternich, whose successor it is presumed he
will be, for it is well known that though still young he is con-
sidered as the most able of the diplomatists of Austria, next
to Prince Metternich. After the death of Count Clarn
Martinitz it was thought that Baron Figuelmont would
succeed the present Minister ; but since the influence
exercised last year by Baron Bellinghausen in the Department
of the Archchancellor during the absenee of Prince Metternich.
There is no doubt that the Prince has chosen him for his suc-
cessor."

The peace of Europe is again confirmed, as the Journal du.
Frankfort assures us, in announcing the solution of the Eastern
question, the honour of which result it ascribes to the policy of
Prince Metternich. As for France, it asks whether it has
gained by its policy of separating itself from the other Powers,
and it does not hesitate to declare that it does net think
so. It states, in the following terms, the result sprepared by the
retreat of M. Thiers, and by the declaration of peace on any
terms of M. Guizot :—" This policy has consolidated
the influence of England in the East, to the pre-
judice of that of France. It has caused the Viceroy
to lose the fortress of St. Jean d'Acre, and all the ad-
vantage which the Treaty of the 15th July offered him, and
France, as probably lost a friend and an ally. If the fortification
of Paris is represented to us as a happy result of that isolation,
we answer only one word, as soon as the Emperor Aurelian
had caused Rome to be surrounded with a rampart, the internal
city visibly hastened to its ruin ; it was, says Gibbon, a great
but deplorable enterprise, for the fortification of the capital an-
nounced the faU of the empire."—Le Commerce.

Letters from Athens, of the 18th ult., announce
that the Greeks are eager to join the Candiotes
in the war which these oppressed islanders are
waging against the Turks. In one now before
us we find the following passage :
Numbers are starting for Candia every day. A party of
130 a few evenings ago marched down to the Pirteus, singing
national songs, headed by a flag with the arms of Candia
crossing the Greek stripes, so that the Government can no
longer plead ignorance ; they calculate in all, that no less than
4,000 men have left Greece for Candia ; the Cretan colonies
of Nauplia, 3lonambasia, Modon, Coron, &c., are completely
abandoned. A small goelette also left the Pirrens a few
evenings since for Mount Athos, with 153 men and 80 barrels
of powder; the powder, however, was bought at Hydra and
Spezzia.

'We have various accounts from Thessaly, but, however, they
all agree on one point—that about 800 men are concealed in
the passes between Mount Athos and the main land, and are
well supplied with provisions from the two Greek villages there.
They seem to be waiting the arrival of a chief, supposed to be
Tzamis Karatassos (who is under surveillance at Nauplia) ;
for the moment they are under the orders of a priest, the
Greeks generally feel pretty confident of success, from the state
of Turkey, the really small Turkish population, and the preju-
dices of the Turks themselves, who have a prediction that their
reign in Europe is nearly over.

Against the insurgent Candiotes the Porte is
sending 6,000 men, besides the military force
already in the island. As such a body of troops
is not greatly disproportioned to the number of
the disaffected, the contest will be dreadful, if the
Great Powers decline to interfere in fa.vour of
the unhappy Christians. But the revolt of the
Candiotes forms but a tithe of the troubles of the
Porte. A letter from tonstantinople, dated the
27th ult. says :

" A Government Tatar, who arrived in Constantinople on
the 25th, was the bearer of the alarming intelligence of a ge-
neral insurrection of the people in Albania and Bosnia. Sixty
thousand men were said to be in arms against the Porte and
its authorities, and there was every appearance of deep and
extensive organisation in the plans of the insurgents, which are
in all probability connected with the outbreak in Cantlia. The
amount of troops to be embarked for the present expedition will
be from 5,000 to 6,000, a force which, it is thought, will be quite
inadequate to the task of crushing the rebels, whose numbers,
thanks to the foolish interference of the European Consuls,
have, though originally not more than two or three hundred.
swelled to fi'teen thousand. A Turkish steamer arrived here
the day before yesterday from lileyrout, bringing rather unsatis-
factory accounts with respect to the state of Syria. Amongst
other causes of discontent there, was the establishment of the
quarantine, which the more bigotted Mussulmans, who abound
in those provinces, declare to be quite at 'variance with the pre-
cepts of the Koran."

Whatever be the result of the present insur-
rectionary movements in European Turkey, it
requires but little sagacity to see in them the
germs of a great revolution, the accomplish-
ment of which cannot be much longer delayed.
It is in this light that European statesmen ought
to regard them. It is in this light that Russia
considers them ; and therefore it is that all
her policy is directed to attach the disaffected
to herself, in the hope of inducing them to re-
place the yoke of ABD-UL-MEDJID for the iron
despotism of NICHOLAS. Now it is the interest
of England and France to prevent this. The
crescent is rapidly waning in Europe. The ter-
ritory which it ceases to overshadow ought to
form an independent barrier state, limiting
Russian aggression on the side of Constantinople.

His GRACE TIIE DUKE OF RUTLAND.—The readers of
The Sun will not have forgotten, we think, that the
Duke of Rutland was the man to move a resolution, in
1839, in the Poor-law Union of which he is a Guardian,
to lower and degrade the pauper's diet, in order to keep it
down to the level to which the agricultural labourers had
been obliged to degrade their diet. This high and mighty
Nobleman, who was complimented by more than one
of his brother Peers, last night assured their Lordships
that the labourers in his district were well off, that he
gave his labourers 12s. a week, and that wages had
risen with the price of provisions. If so, how came the
labourers in 1839 to live worse than they did before ?
and how came it to be necessary for the Duke of Rut-
land to move a resolution to lower the diet of the
paupers ? We hope his Grace will explain this mat-
ter to an observing public, that is far less prone to
praise Noble Lords than they seem prone, if we may
judge from what occurred last night—to praise one an-
other.

CORN-LAws.—Meetings in favour of the Ministerial
measure of Corn-law Reform were held yesterday at St.
George's, Southwark, and in the wards of Aldgate and
Bishopsgate. Stirring
meeting also, in furtherance of
the same object, were held at Greenwich and Wands-
worth. In the provinces, public meetings are daily taking
place in all quarters.

At the meeting of the borough of Finsbury,
Mr. Richard Taylor objected to the use of the term " Tories"
in one of the resolutions. They were now, he said, divided
into two great classes—monopolists and no monopolists. Mr.
Richard Taylor has hit the nail on the head. Let the words
Tories and Conservatives be proscribed. These terms have now
no meaning. There are now only the classes who, by mears
of monopoly, wish to starve the people, and the enemies
of monopoly, who wish to allow free scope to in-
dustry. e term Conservative or Tory is obsolete.
r lh
The monster whom the people have now to combat says
to the working-man—" I have you in my power—if I
choose to purchase to fruits of your industry from you, 1 take it
on my own terms ; but whether or not, you must take my corn
from me at the price I choose to ask for it, or starve." The
Monopolist has superseded the Conservative. Origin is now
of secondary consequence. Deserters from the Whig camp, as
well as old Tories, are banded together to oppress the people
THE QUEEN TO VISIT
by monopolies ; and many who were Tories have, on the other
hand, joined the people. Let " Down with the monopolists!"
be, then, everywhere the watchword of the people.— Chronicle.
THE PETITION TO
IRELAND.—Her Majesty has been apprised of the intention of
her Irish subjects to present a petition to her, praying her to
honour Ireland by a visit this summer. I understand that her
Majesty has expressed her lively satisfaction at this proof of
their affection, but it is well known that she will be unahle to
leave England this year.—London Correspondent of the Dub-
lin Monitor.
He assured " .
HORSE-DEALING MORALITY.—Having oc-
casion for a horse in 1759, I mentioned it to an acquaintance.
showed in the stable, and held the candle pretty high, for fear
of the straw. I told him it was needless to examine him, for
me had one that would exactly suit me, which he
I should rely upon his word, being conscious he was too much
caused him to be sent homym friend to deceive me ; thereue. But by pon he, bargained at once, and
I the light of the sun next
morning,
- Perceived that he was greased on all fours. I there-
fore, in gentle terms, upbraided my friend with duplicity, when
he replied with some warmth, " I would cheat my ownbrother
lit It hens r,....1y, zunter's ufe.

weal- •

Tratz

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS

CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, MkY 17.—A rather
better business has been done in the Cotton Market to-day,
and the market in one some degree firmer. The sales comprise
3,000 bales. _

LIVERPOOL SHARE-MARKET, MAY 17.—There has been
scarcely any thing doing in the Stock Exchange this day.
The transactions comprise only Birmingham and Gloucester
New Shares, 3/. 16s. 6d. ; Eastern Counties Debentures, 64.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, MAY 17.—There iS
but little disposition to speculate in the Share Market, buyers
are scarce, although railway stock is not pressed upon the mar-
ket. Bank Shares are steady. Manchester and Leeds, 55/ to
57i ; London and South Western, 561 57k ; Grand Junction
New Quarters, 25it 26k, Midland Counties New Shares, 213
22 ; Manchester and Birmingham, 25 253 ; Manchester,
Bolton, and Birmingham, 53 54 ; Bank of Manchester, 7 7} ;
Union Bank, 73 7i.

The Hamburgh Mail of the 14th instant has arrived with
papers of the same date, bringing the Exchange upon London,
13 51, being * shilling higher than last arrival ; Gold, 4314,
also higher ; Metal, 108* ; Bank Actions, 1,656.