The Sun.
London, England, 1823-01-10 00:00:00

FOR THE SUN.*

MR. EDITOR--I conceive it to be the duty of
every •man who justly appreciates the bleasingsef
pure religion and civil liherty, enjoyed under
our enviable Constitution, to elucidate truth, and
to expose falsehood ; more especially at the.pre-
sent time, when, in this unhappy Country, the
temporizing party conceal the first, while the
Romish party, -with the Most unparalleled auda-
city,, propagate the grossest falsehoods.
I am led to make these reflections, and, again
to trespass upon your valtrahle Paper, from a cir-ij
cumstance recently. communicated 16 me by
most respectable,. and Active,
Magistrate' of the eauty of Cork. But, befeEe':
I shall introduce it to the attention of yew-
Readers, I hest leave to refer such of theta us
may have your Journals, to the Sun of the 9'2d
of November 181,•the 6th of March, the I ith,
12th, and 17th of April, and the 10th of August;
or those that have rend, or may read the letters of
STONEY in a collected form ~published;
and soirt by Messrs. Itivingtou and '.Other Hooke
sellers in London—to the Supplement to that
Work. In the letters, svlhich appeared in the
four first mentioned Papers, I exposed the grtlf4
misrepresentations of the Roman Catholics of
Ireland, lay as- well as clerical, as, to the vast
preponderance of the members of their Chureh
over the Protestant inhabitants. 'ln the last
I proved, ,from authentic documents, the
fallacy of the assertions of two champions of
Popery, a Noble Lord and a Right Honourable
Gentleman, on the same subject.; and in the I
letter, which appeared in the fifth Paper alluded
to, after stating the grounds of my dissent from
the return of the whole Population of Ireland, I
then recently laid before Parliament, I added— I
." I am aware, that I lay myself open to a charge
of presumption, in thus calling in question the
accuracy of the enumeration lately laid before
Parliament : but in this, as well as in my 'former
Letters, I have steted,,to the utmost of my aid.
the grounds, of my dissent ; and it is for the
eamlid and iutelligent Reader to determine how
far they are stwil-foutrded. At the same time, I
beg it may be distinctly understood, that it is
very remote front psy intention to throw out any
reflection upon the persons eMployed in so Intro,
rious an office 48 making an enumeration of the
.Population of Ireland : my idea is, that in many
Instances they have been imposed upon by thoie
whose object is to mislead the Legislature and
the British Nation, and to intimidatN by an ex.
ngeerated s aeconitt of. liseritysidal*Streligi,th of
Ireland ; and the increase of. the Population of
the Counties of Cork and Limerick, beyond
all credibility, will, in my opinion, fully
warrant such a supposition. Had the Populatien
of the other Counties been particularized in
the public Prints, in the same manner as that of
Cork and Limerick, we might have been en,
allied to discover more Popish miraeles.".
" But, it May be asked, how could imposition
have been practised upon the persons employed
te, make the enumeration ? Nothing, I conceive,
from exising circurnstaeces, more easy. It would
have been imposSible for them to have visited
the cottages of the peasantry, so as to make
their returns front their own ohserVation
therefore, as the RouCsh Bishops 'have become
of consequence, and are high in favour,, they
might have been applied to, to procure frosts their
Priests .a return of the Romish inhabitants in.
their respective parishes ; and those that have
any knowledge of Pispery will not think it any
breach of charity to suppose, that those Priests,
or even their superiors, would have no scruple of
conscience to add'a cypher or tutu; for, if by so
doing they could deceive, or intimidate the Le-
gislature into a compliauce with' their exorbitant
demand, the 'end would fully justify the means
according to the tenets of their Church. l3e that
as it truth I leave it to the gthal sense of the
reader to deteresiue how far it comes within the
range of probability for the pepulatioo of any
country to aadvance itt ninety front little
wore than two millions, II) --pe Burke's account
s
to 6,846,9:19, 'taking into ':consideration too the
Humbert's* isiSerreetknes, and two open rebel,
lions, that have agitated Ireland front the year
1731, to the Tear 1821, particularly in 1708
all of Which tended, ie a very considerable de-
gree, to the reductions of the Popish party."
.The circumstance alludedlto in the begissuing
of this letter is this short time since a court-
try school-master was apprehended on a charge of
Whifeboy ism, and brought before the Magistrate,
from whom I had toy informatiou ; when,amoag
other matters, he confessea that, having been;em-
ploysd to collect the names of the inhabitants in
his neighbourhood, at the time the late ennume-
ration of the population of Ireland was: in pre,
ere's, he had added
..foar thousand ,ru,ne' tfficti.
lions persons not in existence, and that in a very
confined district.

Now, Air. Editor, this single instance, which
has thus come to light, is 6' confirmation strong.as
proofs of Hoty Writ" of what I
asserted 9 months
since—that Popish artifice and fraud had been
practised, to swell the population of Ireland, for
the purpose of deceiving, if not of intimidating
the Government, thu Legislature, and the firi.
dab nation—nor i 5 it, I am convinced, a solitary
atte ; but that, wherever Roman Catholics had
been employed. the same mode was adopted.—
Let the reader refer to the abstract of the popula.
Lion of Ireland, as lately laid before Parliament,
which he will find in the appendix to Sin Neva
letters, already mentioned ; and let him draw
a parallel between the increase in eight years

• Intendea a* a Supplement to a Series of Utters which al►..
peared 111 that Constitutional Journal, from November, 10'21, to
Augullt, 18`22.

of the 'population of the CountieiTiate Geld
•Limeriek, Mayo, Tipperary,' WiekhoW,
commo', Kerry, Cork, and the' City' of Cosek,
on the one side, and, on the other,-that of
the city of Dublin, and of some'oithe4notrtinarrt
Counties, in the: same' space of tinie
I think, will be-a 'thorough convlcttbn ter every
ingenuouS mind of the truth of My'alle'gation.,--It
is worthy of notice, 'that the population of -the
City of-: Cork, according to that'rktini, batf::aiti-
vauced, from the year 'lBl3' to the year
toms 64,364, to 100,5054 tifofe' than pneiitqf,'
'though it is notorious -that' a. great number of
houses in'the priucipal streets have been ftif,Sonte
time unoccupied; while that of tb,,•cify
had risen froM 176,610 to 186,276,' Within the
siu-ne pe-rind. And, with regard to the County of
Kerry, I cannot avoid' observing, that the late
Learned Doctor Smith, who was indefatigable its
his researches, and bud been aided by the'rnost
respectable and intelligent gentlemen in" the
County', in his History of the County of Kerry,
says—"' If we allow four and a half or five per-
sons to each house in this County, vt hich by the
very accurate Dr. Short, in his observationt ern
the English bills of mortality, scones lobe nearest
the mark, we shill find, that in • this present
year, 1754, ..there are by the said returns, bOt
10,223 houses in this County, there can be lint
51,140 people in it :" yet the'late return to Par.
liament:of the population in 180, states it tolte
205,037; so, that in sixty-seVen years 4.4 Male
'than quadrupled; white hi Engfood andWil6,
with all the advantages and resources ‘thes' poS-
seas, the poOnlation had not doubled' in a 'cen-
tury, 'IS may be seen by a table of the' progressive
increase of:their population from the year. /700
to the year. 1821,- which the Reader will find in
page 245 of Sidney's, Letters.
1t is Inmost devoutly to be wished that this
most import Ant subject may engage the attentiott
of his Majesty's Ministers and of the Legisla-
ture, that is, .such Members of the latter as are
"anxious for the preservation of our preaetit
happy F44ablishmentslui Church and State ;" -and
that some measure may be adopted, to:elucidate
the truth upon this great'itatiottal rpreStion at
the same time, to put to rest this' ka.sconaditig
and would-be-intimidating spirit, on' the part -Of
the Roman Catholics. fle that, however, as it
may, I trust that My feeble efforts, aided by the
authorities- I have cited in the Series of Letters
published in your tudfortnly Constitutional jout'-
tut!, as well :as in the Work lately offered to the
Public in a collected form, 'may happily
means of disabloang some Protestants, who rtiq
have been imposed upon by Popish artifices; so
as to has'e " induced those, whO'Wbuld have re-
coiled from a proposition to intrust Papi,;ts with
authority over a population essentially Protestant,
to admit the justice and propriety of peat itiing
Romanists to exercise power over a population
which they have been. falsely assul'ed fs'esien.
tinily Popish ;" and of eonvinClog evqiY, candid:
and intelligent Reader, that some of the " Ca-
tholic millions," tis a Noble* Lord designated
the inhabitantS of Ireland,. Ore literally men in
'bac-A:Tam.
Cork, jaottaiy 1, IS'23

SIDNEY:'

CO t 5 Nr‘' Ti ifffiliYo it D.

The following is tile notice by %illicit' Earl
Sostr.its, the. 14orti Lieutenant of fiery fortishire
convenes a Meeting of the. County
. " Eastoor Castle • lan ii.
•
A respectable Requiiiition, including tbe signatures •of
many illagistmtes of the county, having recently heen.made
to the iligh Siteriir of Herefordshire to summon a. County
-Meeting, for the purpose of considering and appl3ing to Par.
"lament for relief of the present extreme agriculturaltlistras;
which requisition ho has declined to comply with, and sllndar
requisition having„aecording to law, kie4;ii since, presented to
rite, lilie".lllajeaty's Lieutenant of this County, I must
avow myself to have been considerably einliarrassed how to act;
on the one band .feeling the objects of such requisition to, eserve
and demand most serums atteu t ion ; while, I.llldie other, app!c-
liensivt from experience in other places, that such meetings, 111-,
stead of promoting its avowedand legitimate objects, might be
converted into a vehicle for party contest. On these grounds,
have hesitated ; but conscious how grieVollitathl,prettinugi t the
existinkilistress, and trusting to the good sense and prudence of
,the fiveholders of -lids agricultural county, of whattriei opi-
nions in regard to general polities, and in confidente that they
will confine their cfro7ts and phitetratiens to thti Merits of the
real subject of their proposed deliberation, on which alone' I Mn
requested to assemble their,, I hereby, agreeably . to the requi-
sition I, have received, and by virtue of my office, alai the
power legally intnisted to me. thereby, Wl7llllOll ;t meeting, of
the nobility, gentry, clergy, and freeholders /*this county of
Hereford, to tisserahle at the Shire Ball, in the thy of fiere-
ford, at Ititifluest eleven o'clock in the forenoim, on Friday.
the seventeenth day of this instant 3.llllllllTyt fbr the purposes
and objects expressed in the aforesaid ritquisition to me, s copy
of which is shove inserted, and hereto prefixed. •

The requisition to which Earl Somers alludes the f ERollowing:
" We, the undersigned, request you to call a county meet-
ing, for the purposes of taking, into. fmnsideration the propriety
of representing to both I-Tonnes of Parliament the unparallelvd
and daily increasing distress of the agricultutil interest of the
county, and they several causes thereof; of petitioning then to
adopt such measures as they, in their wisdom, may. deem asst
calculated far int relief; and of expressing, to then. our apple.
herisions of the awful consequences of farther delay. InatAirding
aid in difficulties so overwhelming." . •

One of the most singular circumstances oc-
curred in this neighbourhood on Friday night
last, that ever came within our obseriation. Mr.
CHARLTON, surgeon, of Wylam, having at a Into
hour been called upon in ,haste to give his at-
tendance at Ovinglatm borrrowed a spirited
horse of a friend, that he might proceed with the
least possible delay. He had not gone above
half a mile when he perceived his horse stmnble,
and he immediately threw himself from the saddle.
It was fortunate he did so, for the treat iftStutit
his horse had fallen down a precipice of near ?O
feet; and, incredible as itimay seem, the animal
sustained no injury, but immediately dashed into
the river and swam to the opposite ilde. Search
was made after hire, and heating his 'mister's
voice, he was heard to neigh evert across the
water in token of recognition, and swas Ultimately
restored without speck or blemish,— (Tjine
Mercur,)

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

PARTS, JAW. 7.

On Sunday evening, before prayers, the King
transacted business with the Minister of Ma-

rine.

Yesterday, at noon; his Majesty recelved.in
Nate audience M. the Count de la Ferronnays,
-the French ambassador at the Court of Russia,
Ais Excellency remained with his Majesty
during two hours. Immediately afterwards the
King transacted business successively with the
Keeper of the Seals and the President of the
Council of Ministers.
The English .Journals have published a pre-
tended Note of M. Achille de Joutfroy, presented
to M. de Montmorency, and dated Vienna, Sept.
3. We cannot believe in ,the authenticity of
this document, in which the Royal Charter is
bitterly censured, as disadvantageous to the sove-
reign power, more particularly on account of the
`,unlimited religions toleration ,and " the incen-
, diary liberty of the. Press" which it sanctions.—
The author of the Note allows, that the charter
must be preserved in France, 4ecause no better
substitute can,be made there ; but its introduc-
tion into Spain must not be tried, where, how-
ever, we would have supposed it might afford a
Tileans of conciliating parties. In general, says
that apochrYphal Note, every propagation of
the charter will displease the three great Powers,
viz. Austria Russia, and Prussia, ,which are
intimately united,—which vote unanimously,—
and which have great confidence in M. Achille
Jouffroy. Next come insalts.and denunciations
against celebrated statesmen., ,wita are charac-
terized as apostles o f charters. The Journal des
..Debate is included in these insults. This honour
was certainly due to a journal which defends ll-
,.gitimacy and the constitutional monarchy, the
King, the charter, and men of worth. We appro.
bend that this note is an odious fabrication of
some Liberal who has wished to satirize certain
opinions. Count Achille Jouffroy is too good a
Frenchman to compose such an article, and he
better knows what is due to propriety than to
have presented it to a Minister of the King,
such as M. do Mentmorency.--(Journat des
!Mats).
M. ,the Duke de San Lorenzo, the Spanish
_ambassador, has complied with the requisite for-
malities in the suit which he has instituted
.against M.M. Ouvrard and Rougemont le Low-
,enberg,,and which could not be admitted to re-
.gistration by the King's Procureur, in default of
the legalization of the signature of his Excel.
Jency. This cause will come on next Wednes-
day before the Tribunal of Police Correction.
nelle. The accusation against MM. Ouvrard and
.Rougernont is that of an offence offered to his
Majesty King Ferdinand the Seventh, by pre-
suming the legal existence of the. Regency of
To the above statement the Journal de Paris
..adds—" It is said that the Regency of Urgel
will be u party in the trial."
If utlvices from Madrid may be relied upon,
the ,Cortes have had very animated altercations
with the municipality, on the subject'of the mea-
sures taken, it is said, to escort the King,and the
Royal Family to the Isle de Lean. The muni-
cipality, which disposes of the local militia, has
declared to the Cortes that it would not, on any
condition, suffer the King to leave the capital;
and that the militia and the inhabitants of
Madrid would support this resolution. it is on
this account that the Cortes have charged Riego
promptly to assemble the forces at Ocana, and
to bring others round the capital ; they also at
the same time gave orders to prepare the Pardo,
doubtless in the Intention of establishing the
Monarch and all his family there. To accent-
plish this, they await the King's recovery from
an attack of the gout which he is now suf-

fering.
The Count de Lagarde has, it is said, all his
luggage in readiness for departure, and is occu-
Tied in disposing of numerous articles.— (Quoei-
dienne.)
The 'Change yesterday was in a state of
intense agitation ; rumours of a very momentous
nature were pretty confidently circulated, to give
them a momentary value. Several speculators
affirmed, that letters had been received from
Madrid, announcing that serious commotions had
broken out in that capital, shortly after the
arrival of the Russian courier with the dispatches
of his Majesty the Emperor Alexander, address-
ed to his Ambassador, in consequence of the deli-
berations of the Congress of Verona. It was
further stated, that , the COugress had haughtily
and insolently replied to the notification made to
the Assembly of the tenour of these dispatches.
This news, which uppears to us premature, had,
however, influence on the operations of the
'Change.-('lid.)
On the same subject, the, Etoile says—f' We
believe this ,news at least premature. The
courier who was the bearer of the declarations of
-Thu three Great Powers did not set out till the
24th, and would arrive at Madrid on the 31st.
The Ambassadors might notify the demands of
their Sovereigns on the 2d. The commercial
couriers .cannot, therefore, bring back any thing
on the subject to Paris before the 9th or 10th. It
is about that time only that we can expect to
Throw the reply of the Cortes."
It is announced that the Ministry has caused
..17,(X70 horses to be purchased in If and
,Germany ; that ten new regiments of cavalry are
to be organized, viz., six of dragoons orchasseurs,
two of hussars, and two of cuirassiers. It is also
„affirmed, that a project,of
.law tending to modify
.the present law respecting recruiting and military
promotions will be proposed to the Chambers in
the ensuing session.—(Constilutionnel.)
it is announced as certain that M. Berth) de
.Vaux, one of the proprietors of the Journal get
v, is nominated the councillor of State.
A.dvices from Bayonne state—" Orders have
been given to the Spanish residents at Bayonne
to withdraw into the interior in the course of three
days. The courier who is said to be the bearer
of the order to the Ambassadors of the Allied
Towers to depart, passed through here during

the night of the 27tt of December, on his route
to Madrid."

Bestflares still maintains himself at Mequinenza,
and has under his orders upwards of 3,000 men.

CONSTANTINOPLE, DEC. 7.
(BY AN XXTRAORDINARY CHANNEL.)

The head of the favourite Haleb•Effendi is fixed over the
great gate of the Seraglio. From all quarters of the capital
the people throng to contemplate this unexpected exhibition.
The sentence (pita), placed above the head of this once
powerful man, states, that he abused, in -the most criminal
manner, the unlimited confidence which his Master had placed
in him.

The official recital of his tragical ends shows that this fa-
vourite, unlike others, did. not want personal courage. Sup-
ported by forty friends or devoted servants, he dared to defend
himself against the Capidgi-baschi, who presented themselves
to demand his head. Haleb ana his trusty defenders, after
a long resistance, were overpowered by numbers, and cut to
pieces.
But the crisis is far from concluded; the Janissaries, infuriated
at their triumph, demand that all the public offices shall be
filled by their creatures. The Sultan recently wont, in the most
cautious incognito, to the residence of the new Grand Vizier,
probably to ask his advice. The interview lasted three quar-
ters of an hour, and was followed by the dismissal of nume-
rous dignitaries of all ranks. This Grand Vizier is himself
only a vulgar fanatical Janissary ; therefore, the worst may be
expected. The Sultan merely reigns nominally.
The death of Chourschid Pacha is also officially announced ;
but it is not stated whether it has been effected by suicide,
which all here believe to have been the case. He is replaced
in the command of the Mores by Teheledditt, Pacha of Bosnia,
and a creature of the Janissaries.

Since the revolution operated in the Ministry, all communi-
cation with the Christian Ambassadors had ceased. Lord
Strangford will find things much changed on • his return.—
(Gazette d'ilugsbourip)
FRANKFORT, DEC. 29..,-.on the 25th-Anniversary of the
Accession of the King of Prussia to the throne, his Majesty
remitted to the Students, who were condemned to several years'
impriaonment for having joined in secret association, re-
mainder of their punishment and at the same time declared
them admissible to public offices, from which their sentence
excluded them.
TURKEY.

AtTOSIIII,IIG, DEC. was lately supposed, that in case
of war between Russia and Turkey, Austria would remain
neuter : a different opinion is now entertained; an offensive
and defensive alliance between Russia, Austria, and Prussia,
having been concluded at Troppau, by which the-two Impe-
rial Courts engaged to hold 60,000 men ready for their mutual
aid, and Prussia 30,000, In case of war it is thought the
Prussian contingent would go into Poland, and the Austrian
down the Danube to the frontiers of Turkey. Now, it is diffi-
cult to hope that Russia and the Porte will agree : there are
two difficulties—first, to bring the Porte to •enter on the pro-
posed negotiations—the second, to reconcile the pretensions of
the two Powers, if the conferences should take place.
.The Porte persists in asserting that it' is on a level with all
the Christian Powers; that Russia cannot give a solid reason
for withdrawing her Ambassador, or for refusing to send
another, which would be the best proof of her pacific disposi-
tions. In the last notes delivered by the Reis Effendi to Count
Lutzow and fiord Strangford, it was positively declared that
the Porte would never consent to send an Envoy to the fron.
tiers, since it lied nothing new to negotiate with Russia; and
the preservation of peace solely depended an the faithful me-
eution of subsisting treaties, which the, Porte would faithfully
observe. It is not likely that the Military Divan will adopt a
more pacific resolution, or that M. Ottenfels, however skilled
in the Turkish language, will be able to obtain what was re.
fused to his predecessor.

THE ARMY OF OBSERVATION-STATE OF THE
PYRENEAN FRONTIER.

•
'The i
following interesting Article s from the
same well-informed source from which we receiv-
ed the account of the Army of the, Faith, in yes-
terday's Paper :-- •
The Pyrenees form a long chain of mountains, which extend
between France and Spain, over a distance of Jtl leagues. The
principles established by the ancient Commissioners of the two
Crowns, for fixing the limits of their respective territories, was
the division of ground, according to the flowing of the waters.
They agreed that all the vilifies and plains in which the waters
flowed to the south should belong to Spain, and that all those
in which the waters flowed to the north, should belong to
France. Notwithstanding this arrangement, the valey of Aran
has, by the effect of an ancient marriage, always continued in
tile possession of Spain, whose manners are common to the in.
habitants; but the basin of Cerdagne, which is situated in the
Eastern Pyrenees, in the middle of the highest eminences, and
which ought to belong wholly either to Spain or France, is,
however, divided between them. There are only two great ave.
nues for an invasion—namely, 'Perpignan and Bayonne. By
the former of these towns, an army may enter Catalonia, anti by
the latter Navarre and Biscay. The two towns cotnnianding
these passes have always been fortified, and Bayonne has 'been
rendered by the genius of Vauban, one of the strongest fortified
towns in I. ranee. The sanitory cordon has been changed into
a corps of observation and 'is for into three divisions; their
principal stations are'Perpignan, Toulouse, and Bayonne, and
they are commanded by Generals Curial, Belair, and Auti.
champ. General Curial is a Peer of France, and an old sol-
dier, who has grown gray in the service of the, empire. He is
the mon.in.law of M. lieugnot ; hut, to judge by the confidence
which the French Government at present reposes in him, he has
not imitated his father-in-law in a moderate opposition to the
Ministers. He is called a prudent man—that is. to say, he
knows when to obey and say nothing. General Belair,
who is also an old soldier, occupies Toulouse, which is
a less distinguished post, because being distant from
the frontiers, it is not very important in a military
point of view, although it is of much importance when
considered with reference to policy and intrigue. The General
is, seldom at Touloutte, but the monks and nuns, and intriguers
of every description, cross one another there in every sense of
the word, and contrive what is afterwards carried into execu-
tion on the frontiers. Toulouse is at present the Coblentz of
Spain, especially since the Regency arrived there. To make
the resemblance complete, it was .-only only necessary that the Re.
gent should be a Prince by birth, instead of being a noble of six
months' date, like Mataliorida : that there should be a Mini-
ster clever and intriguing as Calonne, instead of those two
unskilftil men, Gispert and Ortaffe ; and particularly that
there should be a brilliant assemblage of courtiers devouring
a thousand ducats a day at the table of an Elector. The Re-
gency is not so fortunate. A mule carries all its baggage, an
ma forms its palace, and it is even said that the reckoning is
.not always paid, _Bayonne, which, was at first the principal
point on the frontiers, has ceased to be so since the" Re.
gency, established at drgel, drew together all the insurgent
forces, and directed the attention of France on Cerdagne. It
might again become the most important town if the insurrec.
tion should again break out in Navarre, and if O'Donnel and
d'Eroles should at last come, like Quesada, .to take refuge be.
hind the Biddassoa. It is through Bayonne that all the insur-
gents who have sought refuge in Perpignan, and have received
the
.pass.word at Toulouse, return into Spain to be compelled
again to fly from it. General Autichamp commands at Bay-
onne. lie cannot have acquired any military experience under
Buonaparte, because he has not served since the war in La
Vendee ; but it is said that he possesses the bravery and frank.
ness which ought to characterize ti Ventlean. His disinterested
anti-revolutionary feelings do not displease the French people,
who admire chivalric ingenuousness ; and it is certain that lie
is much less offensive to the nation than certain Gascon.Ultras
who affect a hypocritical moderation. The Bayonnese who are
Basques anti not fiascons, declare their opinions openly, and
use the fugitive adherents of the Faith very scurvily ; indeed,,
the latter no longer show themselves at an inn or any public
place, but remain until they receive new orders, in the sur.
rounding country. They have adopted this resolution since
the following event occurred at Bayonne :—Two officers of the
Faith were recognized by some carriers to have been the leaders
of bands who plundered them on the high road from Bayonne
to Madrid, and they were pursued by the young men of the
town Into a shop.
The army of observation, divided 'into three corps, oecupies
all the passes of the Pyrenees. Their staff's are established in
the three principal towns, and the regiments are distributed at
the entrances of the great rallies. The colonels and the chief
parts of the regiment are placed in the large villages at the en.
trances of the vallies, and do not fare quite so badly as in the heart
of the mountains. Companies are detached, in turns, to guard
the most secret and difficult passes. The openings worn by
nature between high mountains, which serve as passes for the
people on either side, and which in the Alps are called cola, re.
ceive in the Pyrenees the name of puerto, from the Spaniards.
Before the revolutionary war there were but very few of these

passes; but there are more now, and the smugglers know a I
greater number than all the geographers in the world put. to.
gether, and more than the most powerful, army could guard.
During the time the sanitory cordon was posted along the line
of the Pyrenees, it only succeeded in putting a stop, to COM.
merce, but not to smuggling, because the smugglers, as active
as izards,* passed through places where an army could not pa-,
netrate. It, therefore, communication could have spread the
yellow fever, it would soon have made its way into France. It
will afford some idea of what the smugglers in these mountains
are, to know that they smuggle woollen goods with as great cer-
tainty as the inhabitants of Geneva smuggle jewellery in Mount
Jura, or as ladies do Cachemere shawls in the ports of the Me-
diterranean. Nothing, then,
.could be more useless than the
sanitory cordon; for it is certain that, notwithstanding the vigi.
lance of The soldiers, it was continually violated. • •
During the winter the frontiers can be more easily guarded,
because the passes are less Amerce's, most of them being ren.
dered inaccessible by the snow. However, that part of the
French army which was in Cerdagne has suffered dreadfully,
because it was obliged constantly to watch the two Spanish
parties which were in .sight.. Cerdagne is the most wretched
part of Spain, and, it may be said, of Europe. The soldiers
could scarcely find straw to sleep upon, and it required all the
zeal of the French Government, which while it renders the na-
tion dissatisfied earnestly endeavours to ingratiate itself with the
army, to produce abundance of provisions in these almost un-
inhabited defiles. It is not that fuel, provisions, and clothing
are not to be obtained here, but whilst the regiments and corn-
panics were lodged in the villages, the troops on guard were
obliged ta watch in cabins built of stones placed together with.
out mortar, hi the midst of snow, and in the worst climate of
I Europe. Ai soon as the soldiers heard the " 'rragala," or any
song, they were obliged to rim to the line to receive and disarm
the defeated Spaniards of the Faith, whom they led to the
laiarettos; taking care to guard them that they might not
resume hostilities. This kind of service has all the incon-
venience, and sometimes the, dangers, of war, without any of
its advantages.
The forces stationed in the plains adjoi& tg the sea-coast,
near the Eastern Pyrenees, were exposed to dreadful winds,
which carry away the tents under which they sleep. It is in
vain that one seeks to discover the utility of such military mea-
sures on the part of France, because, as the intention of the
Constitutionalists to respect the French territory was well
known, and has been constantly adhered to, the precautions
which have been adopted were useless with respect to them ; and
as to the Army of the Faith, many of its soldiers escaped from
the Lazarettos, and with the smugglers traversed the unknown
passes daily ; the separation of the two countries, therefore,
was not complete, and the danger was precisely the same as it
would have been, if the ridiculous guard had not been posted
on the frontiers.

It is impossible to imagine that the French Government hail
any other object in view, in posting the army on the Pyrenees,
than to terrify the Constitutionalists, by the apprehension of
war, and to excite hope in the Insurgents, and afford them a
secure asylum behind the French ranks t • for it is certain that
there are many uninhabited, and it may be said, neutral plains,
situated in the centre of the Pyrenees, where the Constitutions.
lists might have pursued theltigitiVes, and cut them to pieces
before they could reach any French villages, without a violation
of the territorial line.

However, tile whole world now knows what opinion ought to
be entertained respecting the perfidy of the French Govern-
ment, the encouragement which it has given to the insurgents,
and the inducements which it has held out to them, and which
must have been very great to have seduced so ambitious and
cunning a man as the Baron d'Eroles, who, if he had followed
only his own inclinations, would have been' a Constitutionalist
rather than an. anti-Revolutionist. Every body knows the
manner In whiCh the Countess Lined, the wife of oneof Mina's
Lieutenants, was excluded from the French territories by the
Prefect of the Eastern Pyreneeii—a kind of madman, ignorant
and fanatical, restored to office on the restoration of the Boor.
bons in 181 6. This unfortunate Lady, who wished to place
her son at Wades, could not even obtain a delay of a few days,
but was compelled to retire immediately ; while at the same
time d'Eroles was in France, and the Regency was raising loans
under the authority of the French Government. Although the
European public knows very well what it ought to think on this
subject, it is not perhaps altogether useless to demonstrate by
facts that nothing was more hypocritical than the pretended so-
licitude of the French Government for the public health; and
the change of the sanitory cordon into an Army of Observation
was again only .a Gaston stratagem, since it did not serve to
protect the territory, but only to secure an asylum to the in-
surgents.
.The French army, without much reasoning, sees very clearly
the nature of the employment that is assigned to it; but it is
not very anxious to have the soldiers of the Faith as cofnrades.
It punctually obeys the orders that it has received t and the dis.
arming of the fugitives, which is a measure the French Govern-
ment could not with decency avoid directing, it frequently exe-
cutes with considerable harshness. After the capture of Puy.
cerda, where 000 Constitutionalists drove out 3,000 heroes of
the Faith, the French soldiers, indignant at such cowardice,
whilst disarming the runaways, beat them with the butt ends
of their muskets, and otherwise maltreated them. It has not
been made known thatone of the fugitives who had not dis.
charged his niece at the Constitutionalists, fired at and killed a.
French soldier who was about to disarm him : the wretch Oas
immediately sabred. -
The French army is at present almost entirely composed of
conscripts. These young.,men, doubtless, possess the mythic-
live bravery of Frenchmen, but they have never seen fire. It
maybe said without exaggeration, that the line does not con-
lain one of the old Imperial soldiers,
and not a sub-officer has
served in the old campaigns, and obtained experience in war.
The army, therefore, is destitute of good sub-officers and good
soldiers, which are indispensable in a war of partisans, where
every thing depends upon individual contests. Many of the
officers have seen service, and among them only can be found
some of those intrepid warriors who have fought their way over
all the Continent. The superior officers are anxious to give
the Government every proof of devotion that is required from
them, and to merit by humility favours which, in times of in.
trigue, they cannot hope to obtain or preserve by their conduct
in the field. The inferior officers--such as Majors, Captains,
and Lieutenants—do not expect or desire any thing but the
preservation of their commissions.'They say nothing; and if
they are hurt sometimes when their old opinions are attacked,
they do not allow it to be perceived. The young officers, who
have received their commissions by favour, carry themselves
very high, and flatter themselves that in the expected war they
will eclipse 2r, years of military operations; this makes the
vetarans of the army smile. As to the soldiers who have not
conquered at Austerlitz, or Wag am, nor even been beaten at
Waterloo, and during the last four years Bade only learned to
make soup, they are indifferent to all insinuations, and await
impatiently the expiration of their period of service.
This apathy is not, however, sufficient to remove the fears of
the Governinent, to judge by the circulars of the prefects re-
lative to the soldiers returning to their homes, and the dismis-
sal of many officers. It is not apathy that a Government '
wants, but zealous activity. If it is not always possible to in-
stil liberal sentiments into the not very enlightened minds of
soldiers, so neither is it possible to inspire them with feelings of
love for men who have never combatted at their head ; and
without that,
.soldiers are good for nothing. The scientific
corps of the army,-the 'engineers land artillery, are those upon
which the fanatics place the least reliance. It is well known
that in these corps the most decided liberal opinions have
found an asylum, for liberty always files for sanctuary to the
moat enlightened classes. There is much bustle on the road
from Perpignan to Bayonne; but there is much more show
than real activity. The officers on mission, aides-de-camp,
and contractors, are continually in motion. Military stores,
cannon, powder and bails,
'are carried along with great mph:
dity ; and the.materiel is very considerable, but it is not corn.
plete. One knows what French activity is capable of, but the
party which direct this activity has not learned how to do so.
France still . possesses great engineers, and men eminent for
military administration, but they are no longer employed ; be.
sides, every thing connected with the army is resolved uponwith.
out reflection; or according to any fixed principles. At one
point there are many cannon, and very few stores; at another,
great number of carriages, and no horses ; there is no organized
company of transports, which would be indispensible in a Spa-
nish war; and, finally, it is a fact, although difficult to be.
lieve, that the Corpse Observation, from Perpignan to Bayonne,
consists at the utmost of twenty thousand men, and the period
of service of eight thousand of this number will, soon expire.—
The fortifications at Perpignan are carried on with great activi-
ty ; so much so, indeed, that recently it appeared as though the
town was about to be besieged. All the ramparts have been
repaired ; the towers have been changed into bastions. Half
moons and covered ways have been formed in all directions.—
The citadel has been rendered very strong by the exertions of a
very skilful engineer; the batteries are all mounted, and the
provisioning of the town is far advanced. The making of car-
tridges goes .on with extreme rapidity ; sixty thousand have
been made in a day. This can he accounted for by the fact,
that cartridges can be more easily transported to Urgel than
cannon. At Bayonne the works are absolutely at a stand ; the
citadel alone is placed in a state of defence. None of the artil-
lery which arrived from Brest has as yet been disposed of, and
the guns are still lying on the borders of the Adour. There is
only a park of field.artillery, which is very complete, and is fit
' for a considerable army ; but horses are wanting. On all
sides one sees nothing but irregular preparations, which do not
indicate any definite object; and the French people, upon be.
holding all this bustle, say that it would be wiser to repair for-
tifications in the North than in the South, tier they will con.
time obstinately to see enemies beyond the Rhine, rather than
beyond the Pyrenees.

EAST INDIA COLLEGE, HERTFORD.

Audi alteram partetn.

Statements have appeared, and letters have
been inserted In several Newspapers, calculated
to excite a general prejudice against the East
India College, Hertford.—The system upon
which it is conducted has been pointed out
to public indignation, as illiberal and unjust—
as at variance with the genius of the British
Constitution—with the practice of our Eng.
lish Universities—and with the habitual feel-
ings, as well as the future welfare of the youths,
who are compelled to pass through so iniquitous
an ordeal.—The friends of the College hope that
the day is not far distant when these and other
charges will be brought to proof, and the ques-
tion for or against the Institution be decided,
once for all, by competent, impartial, and en.
lightened authority. They are naturally anxious
for such a decision, in the belief that all
that is wanting to the defence of the College
is an attentive and dispassionate investiga-
tion of the case. They are not without the
hope that a more thorough and general know-
ledge of its nature and objects, and of all that it
has done, is doing, and is calculated to do for
India, and through India for Englaud, would
induce the Legislature and the Public to place
it for ever above the reach of meddling igno-
rance and interested hostility, and to cherish it
as a security to the nation—", that those to
whom she trusts her civil Empire in the East
shall go there qualified, by character and at-
tainments, to uphold the honour of her name,,
and diffuse the blessings of her Constitution ;
and that, without such qualifications, no persons
whatever shall go there to be so entrusted."—
They are persuaded that the College has already
in a great measure answered the important purposes
for which it was intended ; that it is capable of
doing so in a still higher degree ; and that the
chief causes which have hitherto prevented its
more complete efficacy, are the constant attempts
from without at interference with its pro-
ceedings, and the strong re-action of secret in-
trigue and open clamour upon its powers of
discipline, whenever they are exercised to that
extent, which alone can secure and benefit
the public, by excluding unworthy persons
from the Civil Service of India. In their grief
at seeing such an Institution misunderstood
and misrepresented as it has been, they cannot
but wish for an authoritative and final decision
upon its merits, even though they may be told
that the result would be—not, what they expect,
Its establishment in a more free, independent,
and effective position, but its entire abolition.—
They feel assured that it never can be abolished
by the enlightened Legislature which sanctioned
it, upnn any of the grounds alleged by its ene-
mies; but that, if it fall, it must fall with
honour, as a splendid, but visionary, attempt to
secure from indocile ignorance and wilful pro.
fligacy, an admission to that public trust which
should be reserved only for trained capacity
and for tried character. In short, there exists
but one sentiment amongst the friends of the
East India College. 'What they desire is,
a fair and full investigation, whatever may be
its result, by an unbiassed and a qualified
judicature. What they deprecate, is an unprin-
cipled combination to undermine the College in
public opinion, by a succession of complaints, in-
sinuations, and charges, in every shape but such
as would bring the question to a just and legiti-
mate issue. In awaiting that issue, the public
are requested not to listen to ex-parte statements,
without at least recollecting the facts and argu-
ments on the other side, which are already within
their reach. It may be remembered, that in the
beginning of 1817, the Court of Proprietors at
the India House was the scene of warm and
protracted debates upon this very subject ; and
that the invectives there delivered against the
College were the occasion of calling out in its de.
fence such a force of testimony, reasoning, and
eloquence, as could not be withstood. As a spe-
cimen of that defence, it is sufficient to refer
the public to the speech of Mr. Robert Grant,
which is pieserved in the Number for June,
1817, Vol. ill. No. 18), of the Asiatic Journal
(Printed for Black, Parbury, and Allen.) On
the same occasion, a Pamphlet was published
by Mr. Malthus (himself a Professor at Haley.
bury), entitled " Statements respecting the East
India College, with an appeal to Facts in Refu-
tation of the Charges lately brought against it."
(Murray, 1817.) These " Statements" will fur-
nish the public with ample means of divining the
probable truth and justice of the still more recent
charges that have appeared in the Newspapers.
Or if there should now be a difficulty in procuring
copies of this pamphlet, the public may refer to
Reviews of it in all the Literary Journals of the
time, and especially to an article in The Quar-
terly Review for April 1817 (Vol. XVII. No.
33), distinguished for ability, candour, and states-
man-like views of the subject. Any of the
above-mentioned documents may suffice to guard
the public mind from the insidious attempts
which are making to prepossess it unfavour-
ably upon this question. But there is one testi-
mony of a decisive nature proceeding from a quar-
ter which entitles it to particular attention. It
forms a part of the speech of the Marquis of Has-
tings, which was pronounced at the Public Dispu-
tation at the College of Calcutta, June 30, 1817,
and was reprinted in the Asiatic Journul (Vol. V.
N0.21,f0r Feb. 1818). The following extract may
with propriety conclude what is here addressed to
the British Public, in the way of caution against
their admitting, without examination, the cen-
sures and anathemas flowing from private interests
at home, upon an Institution, the merits of which
can be estimated only by an appeal to its public
benefits in India. " In tracing the causes of the
singular success with which this great and
distant empire is governed with so much ap-
parent ease, and preserved in such tranquil-
lity, the, attention of every observer must be
arrested by those institutions which are des.
tined to form the future Legislators and States-
men of India, and which have already con-
tributed so largely to the general improve.
meat in the administration of its affairs. The
Institutions of Hertford and of Fort-Williarn

wilt necessarily become objects of the deeps!!
interest. The institution at Hertford has I;
very lately been subjected to the minutestscrutia+
of the public at home, and it has passed th,
ordeal with an increase of honour and repntatioA.,
which, to those who, from its effects in IN
country. see its value, cannot but be it source e
the highest gratification."

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