The Sun.
London, England, 1824-02-18 00:00:00

OLD BAILEY—(Tnis DAY.)

These Sessions commenced this morning before
Lord Chief Baron ALEXANDER, Mr. Baron
GRAHAM, Mr. Justice LEST, the LORD MAYOR,
COMMON SERGEANT, Aldermen, &c. There are
upwards of MO prisoners for trial on the pre-
sent occasion, amongst which there are not less
than I'2 for burglary. Twenty-six males anti
one female were arraigned, and the Juries hav-
ing been sworn in, the Judges came into Court
at ten o'clock.

Geo. Stagg was put to the bar on an indict-
ment, charging him capitally with uttering base
coin. The prisoner having been convicted be-
fore, his life is affected on the present occasion.
of which fact he was informed by the Common
sergeant. The prisoner, however, pleaded

The COMMON ScitGEANT informed him that his
pleading guilty would not have the effect of
mitigating his punishment, and warned him to be
cautious in persisting in his plea.

The prisoner said he was very sorry, but it
was useless for him to act any otherwise. lie
was then removed from the bar.

BANK FORGERY.—WiIIiam Hill was put to
the bar, on an indictment charging him, in eight
different counts, with feloniously uttering forged
notes. purporting to be for 51. each, with intent
to defraud the Governor and Company of the
Bank of England, or one Lyon Levy, of Holy-
well-street, and others.
Mr. Sergi ant BOSANQUET stated the facts of
the case to the Jury, which have already fully-
appeared in the police reports.
Mr. Bor.LANn called the respective witnesses
to bring home the charge to the prisoner.
The usual proof of the notes being forged was
adduced, by Mr. Leigh, the Bank Inspector,
who pronounced them forged in every respect.
The prisoner had nothing to offer in his de-
fence, and called some witnesses, who gave hint
a most excellent character.

Mr. Justice BEST Summed up to the Jury, who
found him—Guilty—Death.

MERCANTILE SHIPPING.

DEAL, FEB. 17.—Wind N.E.—The following outward-
bound passed through last night, viz. :—Bons Amigos, Joane
Maria, Scotia, and Juno.
FIVE P.M.—The Thames. Litson, for Ceylon, is now passing.
PonTssionmt, FEE. 17.—Wind N.E.—Arrived the Vigi-
lant, Christie, from Galipoli, last from Ireland, under quaran-
tine; Quatre Seurs, Pictors, from London ; Lord Mulgrave,
Tankerly, from Malaga ; Richmond, Eddicott, from Bremen ;
Dumfries' Elliott, from ditto; Eliza, Scott, from London
' • and
Bacchus, Hodgson, from Blyth. Remaias the Duke of Bed-
ford, for Madras.

Fir.siou'rx, FEB. 16.—Wind E. N.E.—Arrived the
Sprightly, Newton, from London for Lisbon ; and Success,
iloaze, from ditto. Sailed his Majesty's packet Dove, f,r
Jamaica.

LIVERPOOL, FEB. 16.—Wind S.S.E.—Sailed the Prince of
Brazil packet, for Lima; George, Wright, and Rachel, Jame.
for Pernambuco; Unity, Thomas, Para; Mary and Susan,, Coulthoy, Havannah ; Rose, Johnson, Sierra Leone; Triton,
Dixon, Blucher, Potter, and William, Thomson, Savannah ;
Colombia, Rogers, and Congrss, Ridley, for New York.

MEDWAY NAVIGATION.—In consequence of
the Committee appointed for the Improvement of the Naviga.
tion of the River Medway not being able to effect a co-operatioa
with the Company of the Lowit- Navigation, as stated ire
our last, a meeting of the barge-owners and others interested
in the general welfare of the town, was held on Saturday
last, at the Star Inn, to take the opinion of the public as to
further proceedings for the attainment of so desirable an
object. The Mayor having been called to the Chair, the
Report of the Committee was read as at former Meeting,
after which a discussion of considerable length ensued:—
Mr. B. C. Pine, Mr. Ellis, Mr. Charles kleathorn, and others,
argued in favour of a new Company, at d urged the utility of
the contemplated improvements. Mr. J. Mercer expressed a
hope that the extended line of improvement would be carried
into effect notwithstanding it might requite 15,0001., as he felt
convinced it would be most essential to the prosperity of the
town. Mr. Atkins expressed his objections to the formation of
a New Company, considering that the privileges of the exist-
ing one ought not to be invaded. He expressed the willingness
of the Company to which he belonged, to do the necessary
improvements, if they were allowed the means to do so. In
the midst of such conflicting opinion, the Earl of Romney
suggested a proposal, which lie though, if acceded to ley
both, parties, would be the means of reconciling existing dit-
ferences. The proposition of his Lordship was in effect—" to
allow the present Company to borrow the money required on
mortgage of the tolls, their b.ing a stipulatory clause in-
troduced into the bill, that they should not receive more
than 7i per cent. interest, while the mortgage was in existence;
the additional toll levied to be sufficiently high to pay the in-
terest, and to admit of a sinking fund to liquidate the debt; that
after the debt was paid off, the toll should be lowered so as to
allow of the contingent expences attached to the present improve.
tents being paid ; and then, if the increase of toll was suffie!
cient, the Company might be allowed to revert to the power they
at present possessed, of receiving ten per cent. interest.”.......
The proposition of the Noble Earl according with the views
of the Aleeting, and Mr. Atkins promising to use his exertions,
to get the Company to accede to the same, it was agreed that the
Solicitors to the parties should confer on the subject, and that the
result of such conference should be laid before a future meeting.
After this a Resolution was passed to petition Parliament to al-
low a Bill to be brought in for carrying the proposed iroprov,:-
ments into effect, that in case the existing Company object to
the foregoing proposition, there might be no time lost in apply..
ing to Parliament for such Bill ; it being understood that if
any arrangement was made, such petition was to be withdrawn.
A vote of thanks was afterwards passed to the Earl of Romney,'
for his attendance and useful services, and another to the Mayor,
for his conduct in the chair. The Meeting then broke up.—
( Maidstone Journal, Feb. 17. )

STITL OF THE COUNTRY.—The accounts front
the interior present a dreadful detail of lawless
and savage atrocities. The north, hitherto
comparatively tranquil, would seem to be getting
infected with the popular frenzy of factious war-
fare, which has been to this period chiefly con-
fined to the south and south-west of Ireland.
(Carlow Morning Post, Feb. 16.)
'The critical day, nay the critical hour, is fast
approaching,for within five minutes after the draw-
ing commences To-morrow, Two out of the SEVEN
Prizes of k 20,000 will be decided : this at all
times would have been an interesting event, but
is now become doubly so by the certainty of Lot
teries being !discontinued by Government. Mr.
SIVEWRIGUT has certainly evinced sound judg-
ment in taking this last Contract, for it was to be
expected that few people would like to have to
reproach themselves with having omitted to em-
bark some trifling sum for advantages so great
now that the opportunity of doing so is literally
expiring ; this accounts for the present extraor-
dinary demand for Tickets and Shares.

CORN EXCHANGE, F. 18.
The arrivals of this week are—Wheat, 3,000; Barley, 3,600;
Oats, 6,200 quarters; Flour, 4,800 sacks. Wheat is not near
so plentiful as last week, and more money is demanded this
day for prune samples; but as there is not much business doing
to-day, the prices may be reported the same as on Monday.
Barley fully maintains the quoti,tions of last day. Beans and
Peas are unaltered. Good Oats sell well, and fully support
the curroscy of Monday. In Flour there is no alteration.—
Rape-seed is again dearer.

THE LONDON JOURNALS.

DAILY
Extracts from the Morning Papers, Feb. 18.

[THE TIMES.]
We last night received the Paris Papers of
'Sunday. The most interesting article of intelli-
gence which they contain, refers to the news
from Madrid which we yesterday communicated.
It will be seen that a paragraph in the official
part of the Moniteur confirms our statement. It
would have been well for the credit and good
sense of Ferdinand, if instead of haling his de-
cree conveyed by telegraph to Paris, he had
evinced a little more expedition in issuing it. It
is now only a symptom of weakness, and a sign of
a too late and useless repentance. Ile might as '
well declare free the trade with Gibraltar as
with South America. In a letter from Corfu, we
are informed that a representation had been made
by the Euro;tean Consuls resident at Smyrna, to
the authorities of the Isle of Ipsara, requesting
them to give orders to their fleet to abstain from
attacking the city of Smyrna, or any part of the
coast along the Bay. These representations are
said to be sisigned by the Consular Agents of Eng-
land, France, Austria, and the Netherlands. The
Greek islanders are requested to announce their
intentions on this subject by a proclamation ad-
dressed to the officers of the Greek marine, and
likewise to the corsairs. The object is to save
the European Christians yvho are established
on this part of the shores of Asia Minor : and the
precedents quoted are that of the Russians when
at war with the Turks in 1773, and the conduct
of Adm. Duckworth during the last war with the
Porte. To this invitation the Senate of Ipsara
that though willing to do every thing
which might protect the commerce of Europeans,
and prevent the dangers which threaten their
persons from a state of hostilities, yet that the
duty which they owe to their pm:try will not
permit them to refrain from exercising the rights
of war against their enemies (the Turks), or
pursuing them along all the coasts of their do-
' mination. They add, that the precedents of the
English and the Russians in their wars with
Turkey do not apply to those whom the Sultan
cla;ms as subjects, and who carry on a national
resstance to it ; that they will respect the Euro-
pean natne,and will make no attack except where
they perceive the Turkish flag ; and that there
only one way of escaping their vengeance—
by agreeing to pay them tribute. This is
slipping at once into the place of the Sultan,
whose yoke they have thrown off, and whose
tyranny they have for three years successfully
resisted.

[MORNING HERALD.]
There is something at once melancholy and lu-
dicrous in situation of King Ferdinand and the
party at the head of the affairs of Spain. Pecu-
niary distress is not the only difficulty under
which the King and the Government labour.—
There is among those, who would. serve him, or'
whom he would venture to trust, a laughable po-
verty of intellect and education. The Spanish
Royal Guard is to consist of 10,000 men ; and
this number of human creatures has been, one
way or another, collected into the semblance of
a. military body• But of these a certain propor-
tion must be officers; and lo! and behold ! upon
examining the qualifications of those who were
to receive commissions, it was found that only
about-half a hundred could read and write ! It is
easy to judge from this what class of population
it is that composed the armies of the Faith, and
what the Constitutional. It proves that all the
industry, intellect, and education of the country
are of the latter party. Is it possible that a Go-
vernment with no foundation but the poor and ig-
norant can stand ? It is the enlightened intel-
lectual minority that moves and governs the great
inert mass of a people, and ultimately makes
the destiny of a nation--" mens agitaL molem."
Such must he case in Spain, if the Sovereign
pursues his present infatuated career. His want
of money, and officers capable of reading and
writing, is not his only distress. The French
have, it seems, so teased him at Madrid, that he
has resolved to shut himself up in the Palace of
the Escurial. The French, at the same time,
threaten to leave him, to the holy keeping of the
Inquisition and the men of the Faith, and betake
themselves beyond the Ebro ; which, however,
can hardly be their intention. Among the
rumours confidently circulated, was one that
a fanatical conspiracy was formed in order
to dethrone Ferdinand, and place his brother
Carlos on the Throne. The latter is re-
presented as possessing more character than
his brother. He is a bigotted devotee—not
Without intellect, and rather conversant with
public affairs. The party which sighs for the
re-establishment of the Inquisition is naturally
anxious for such a Sovereign on the throne. It
was for an allusion to this supposed conspiracy
that the Madrid Paper called the Restaurador
was suppressed• The Spanish Government, it
appears, struggled violently against giving an
acknowledgment of debt to the French. This
reluctance might seem rather unaccountable.—
The Sovereign of Spain is wholly destitute of
credit and money—and his note of hand need
not embarrass him, as he could neither be ar-
rested nor proceeded against like any other man.
But the French have securities in their hands—
Bkrcelona and Cadiz, for instance—upon which
they may close at a convenient opportunity, and
under a convenient pretext. This event Ferdi-
nand cannot contemplate without uneasiness and
shame.

[MORNING CHRONICLE.]
We rejoice to see that the subject of the Game
Laws has at length been taken up by an influen-
tial Ministerial Member, who introduced it to
the House last night in a very sensible, and, we
think, unanswerable speech.—Mr. S. Wortley
obtained leave to bring in a Bill, the principle
of which went to bring Game as near to pro-
perty as the nature of it would allow, to place
the law respecting qualifications as nearly as pos-
sible on the footing of that of Scotland, to. give
proprietors possessed of a certain quantity of
land,the right to appoint as many gamekeepers
to 'kill the game as they pleased, to modify the

law against poachers, &c. We should hope, with
Mr. Wortley, if such a law were passed, " it
would, ere long, become as disreputable to steal
game as to steal wood or turnips." We believe
it is at this day considered disreputable to catch
salmon in rivers belonging to individuals, and
game would by this law he a species of property
precisely similar to that of fresh water fish. No
law can add to the quantity of game consumed,
for it is at present easily obtained by all those to
whom it is an object at a reasonable price.-H
" Poachers," as Mr. Wortley observed, 46 were
daily and hourly increasing, and in spite of their
heaping law on law and severity on severity."
---.We are glad to hear a country gentleman
declare that no subject could be " more im-
portant to the comfort, to the morals, and to the
well-being of the people of this country," than
that of the Game Laws. Surely the comfort, the
morals, and the well-being of the peasantry of a
country, are an object worthy of attention. A
spirited pamphlet, just published by Mr. Ridg-
way on this subject, concludes with this passage—
" That poaching is the grand school of housebreakers and
highwaymen, and that its practices are the rudiments of every
kind of robbfry, scepticism itself can hardly doubt. Convinced,
then, as I aih, that the present system is productive of hostility
between the rich and the poor, which hostility is greatly aug-
mented by the part which society is driven to espouse; that no
moral turpitude will be attached to poaching as long as we
debar others from the enjoyment of a luxury which., . wealth
always will and always ought to procure; and that it is highly
desirable to give it the character of stealing, which it does not now
seem to possess, I cannot but be of opinion, that the considering
game property, and legalising the sale, will produce the desired
effect ; and that at all events it is our duty, for the sake of the
moral happiness and welfare of society, at least to make the
experiment, unawed by the direful prognostications, and the
fearful fancies of an infatuated Squirearchy."

NEW TiMES] •
The stimulus given to the Money Market on
Monday seems to have operated with a very di-1
minished effect yesterday. Business flagged
both in the British and Foreign funds, and the
transactions were very limited in point of extent.
Consols in the morning rather declined in price
from the quotation of the day preceding ; they
had at one moment fallen to 914, but recover-
ed before the close of the day to 414. Most
of the Foreign Securities, too, were unable
to sustain Monday's prices. The French Rentes
and Scrip were an exception to this remark; the
Rentes remaining firm at 991, and the Scrip at a
premium of 11. The favourite rumours respect-
ing Spain and South America not having been
fully confirmed, it was natural to expect that the
securities of those countries should somewhat de-
cline in price ; and so in fact they did. Colom-
bian Bonds from 73+ to 72 ; Chilean from 84 to
83 ; Mexican Scrip from 94 premium to 84 ; and
Spanish Bonds of 1821 from 25.1 to 258.

[MORNING- POST.]
The claims upon the Treasury for a remission
of taxes are becoming so numerous, and put for-
ward with so much confidence, that we feel it in-
cumbent on us to warn those suitors of the im-
possibility of all their wishes being gratified at
present. However desirable the relief of parti-
cular classes may be, or however expedient with
a view to the advantage of the country, the
abandonment of certain taxes affecting the neces-
saries and comforts of the people, the State is not
in a situation now to do every thing which might
be desirable, either for a part of the community
or for the empire at large. It should be recollect-
ed that only three or four years ago our finances
were extremely languid, the utmost amount of
the revenue being scarcely sufficient to cover the
total expenditure of the nation. Since that time
a most important and fundamental interest, the
agricultural classes, laboured under severe de-
pression; and in order to resuscitate their pro-
sperity, it was considered advisable by Govern-
ment to curtail the expences of administering our
affairs, and grant a correspondent relief to the
public in the remission of taxation. What has
been the result ? That in addition to the
vast sum of fourteen millions per annum re-
mitted as Property Tax immediately after the
war, a further remission of a least half that
amount has taken pace within the last two or
three years ! We would also impress on the
public, that owing to the consistent pertinacity
of Ministers to our established character for na-
tional credit, these great sacrifices base been
made, in the first instance, without allowing the
idea of an encroachment on public faith to be
entertained, and subsequently, while our securities
have been rapidly and steadily advancing. But
because a great deal has been granted, too much
should not be exacted. At this moment it can-
not in reality be said that a remission of taxes
would be a relief to any portion of society, for
no class is distressed. Individuals might expe-
rience some saving, perhaps, in their expenditure,
if the duties oe certain articles were lowered ;
but who will say that his consumption of neces-
saries or comforts is sensibly or essentially af-
fected by the taxes to which they are not liable ?
We therefore contend that as the provident mea-
sures of Ministers have enabled his Majesty to
hold forth expectations of an extension of the re-
mission of taxes, too extravagant notions should
not be indulged of that boon, nor should it be
supposed possible, as some persons seem to
imagine, that it is only necessary to demand the
repeal of duties, and they will be relinquished.We
put it to the common sense and common honesty
of our readers, if the realizing of such hopes would
not be preposterous in the existing situation of
our affairs ? So far as taxes can be remitted with-
out touching on public credit, or enfeebling the
management of public business, we shall be
among the warmest advocates of economy ; but
when we recollect that enormous reductions both
of expenditure and income have already been
made, and that nothing more can reasonably be
contemplated now than a relinquishment of du-
ties equivalent to the amount of our increasing-
surplus revenue, we feel bound to warn the Pub-
lic against countenancing those visionary schemes
in which our superficial politicians are wont to
indulge.

[BRITI.;11 PRESS.]
An interesting and satisfactory document from
the Treasury has been laid before the House of
Commons this Session, and printed by its order.
It contains an account of the nett income of this
country and of Irehind, for the year ending the
sth of January, 1824; with an account of the

COURSE OF EXCHANGE, Febriiary 17.
Amstee dam ........................... 12 2 C. F.
Ditto, at Sight .. II 19

Rotterdam
Antwerp
Hamburgli
Altoua ,
Parib, 3 Day's eight
Ditto
Bourdeaux, ditto

8er1in............................ 7 10
Frank fort on the M n
Petal 'burgh ............................. 9

Vienni ------
Trieste ................

ILI 10
..

&lad n*l ............

361 Effemive

Cadiz
Bilboa
ilercelotia
Avvilic ..........

)33 Effective
si Effective
3S
33i

GlibraltAt .............

s~

Le;lioin .................................
Gei,t•a „ .....):3:1-Venice, Ital. Liv. 47 0
Nlalta 45 -*Naples Jae
Palermo
Lisbon .............. Ali
Opiii to ......... 4li
ItioJaneii o .......................... 49
Bahia • ........................ • al
.... 9% ........ (21" t pe: Ceut.
BULLION.

Portugal Galit,iti Coin 1.0 0 0 pet 01,
Foreign (40111, in 1;:ti 4 3 17 6
Nnw Dolit);egirls ........ .... 3 14 0
Ngw D011ar5......
gilver in Bars. Standard 0 4 111

The spirit of enterprise created in this coun-
try by the late establishment of so many public and national.
Companies, in the several branches of Insurance, Gas, Coal,
and :Mining, promises the most beneficial stimuli to its
future prosperity, and at no very distant day. The di-
vision of the proprietorships into so many shares, brings them
within the compass, and ensures the employment of mo-
denite capitals ; at the same time that capital to a great
extent may be engaged, from the nnmber and variety of these
establishments. All shares in these institutions are already at a
premium, and in some at very considerable rates. It had been by
the formation of such establishments that England was enabled
to become the great country she is at present, and to carry on
those stupendous undertakings in the way of trade, navigation,
manufactures, &c., which leave all the other countries of
Eu-
rope far behind. When some of these Companies are put into
activity, it will also have the effect of bringing our long-ne-
glected canals into more general use, and of. course raising the
value of their respective shares. Viewing all these undertakings
in the most favourable light, and regarding them as the means
of giving full circulation to the dormant capital of the
country and finding employment for a vast proportion of our
peasantry, we cannot but regard them as likely to conduce to
most beneficial effects on its future peace and prosperity. What.
ever the Government can do consistently, to advance those ge-
neral interests, we have no doubt it will be spontaneously and
satisfactorily bestowed. It is the very essence of the wishes
of the paternal Monarch who reigns over us, to forward the
improvement of the country by these means. It is assist-
ing at undertakings like these that true patriotism con-
sists, and not in spouting on imaginary wrongs, and setting.
ons.portion of the people in hostile array against the other—en-
couraging hatred and fomenting divisions. We trust the ma-
nagement of these concerns may be entrusted to cautious and
prudential heads and hands, for this alone will ensure to them
what we ardently wish—complete success.—( Dublin Corres-
pondent, Feb. 12.)

An Inquest was held at Gosport on Thursday
last, before Mr. LONGCItOFT, on view of the body
of Sarah, the wife of Henry Googe, who, in a fit
of temporary mental derangement, occasioned, as
it was supposed, by the recent accidental loss of
sight, destroyed herself by plunging her head
and shoulders into a half hogshead nearly full
of rain water. Verdict—" That the deceased,
bp* deranged, drowned herself."

MR. 0 tVEN.

.___..~,q:~t,,w

REPLY to the REPORT of the SELECT COMMITTEE
of the HOUSE of COMMONS, on the EMPLOYMENT
of the POOR in IRELAND.
(Concluded.)

It is the late scieotifi, improvements which
have now so altered all the old relations of society, as to con-
found and render unavailing the speculations of modern legis-
lators and political economists. it is a new power brought into
daily action, too mighty in its immediate effects and ultimate
consequences to be comprehended by the limited mind, which
the present education of the world generally forms in those who
have hitherto directed public opinion. And it is becoming too
powerful by its hourly increase to permit the imbecility thus
created much longer to derange the intellects and active opera-
tions of mankind.
Can any men have a chance of legislating with success who
are ignorant that a new power is in continual activity in Great
Britain alone, which at this day executes more labour than
could have been performed by twice the whole manual popu-
lation of the world, as that power existed only fifty years ago ?
Can there be any hope that legislators should be successful
in securing the happiness of any portion of their fellow-crea-
tures, who are ignorant that this new power is but in its in-
fancy ? That nothing can retard it ? That it is the interest of
every human being to accelerate its progress, as soon as ever
it shall receive a right direction ? That its progress may yet be
increased many hundred fold ?
Can any men have a chance of recommending proper practi-
cal measures for the relief of any country, the acknowledged
misfortune of which is a want of employment for its starving
population, who have discovered that abundance can be easily
created with a very small portion of manual labour, and yet
know not how to allow those that are in want to provide for
themselves, although the world and every portion of it may
be made to support an indefinite increase to its popu-
lation ?
Here, Gentlemen, is the stumbling block in the way of all
the political economists and legislators in the world ; and for-
give me, as I mean no disrespect to any of you, for saying, it
is the stumbling block which has prevented your seeing either
the cause of or the remedy for, the sufferings of the Irish pea-
sant, who, at this moment, is the scape goat of the new mecha-
nical system of Great Britain.
You cannot any longer shrink from this question. All Ire-
land declares, by your minutes of evidence, that her peasantry
want employment ; and employment they must have, if their
condition is to be ameliorated.
But this einploynient is not to be obtained under the present
practices of society, unless you mean to destroy the agricul.
tural and manufacturing prosperity of Great Britain, and of all
other countries. You are hemmed in on every side, and some-
thing must be done ; the subject cannot any longer be set aside.
It will force itself on the public mind, and it becomes necessary
you should meet it openly and fairly, and do justice to your
constituents. Let the starving inhabitants of Ireland know
that you have at length discovered the real cause of their
miseries, and that you are determined to pursue the subject,
until the unemployed Irish peasant shall no longer have any
just cause of complaint.
The concluding sentence of your Report is of inestimable
value. Let me intreat you to keep it in mind, and to reiterate
it again and again in your places in Parliament. It ought in-
deed to be written in the most legible characters, arid placed
over the Speaker's chair, as a daily memento to the whole
house, until the unnecessary sufferings of the wretched peasantry
of Ireland shall no longer disgrace the British Government.
You say you " cannot conclude without again expressing your
opinion that the employment of the people of Ireland, and the
improvement of their moral condition, are essentially necessary to
the peace and tranquillity of that island, as well as to the
general interests of the United Kingdom."
Here we are most fully agreed, that constant employment,
under circumstances that will improve their moral condition, is
that which is required for the poor of Ireland ; and the only
question between us is, How can this be accomplished in the
best manner ?
It is not to be expected that Gentlemen in your situation can
have an experienced knowledge of the practice requisite to effect
this ' • and therefore your report contains many suggestions
which cannot be carried into execution, or, if attempted, would
not produce the results which are required.
To devise, under the present British scientific manufactur-
ing system, the means of giving permanent employment, and
of improving the moral condition of millions of labourers, is
not a task which can be hastily performed, nor can it be at-
tempted with any prospect of success, except by those who
have long studied the subject, who have had much experience
among the working classes, and who have in pructice encoun-
tered the difficulties of finding employment for them, and of
improving their morals.
Upon such experience, then, I recommend practical mea-
suree to you. You reject them, because they tend to equality
among the working classes. I reply that the condition of the
Irish peasant cannot be improved otherwise than by measures
that shall bring him ::nearer in comforts and in knowledge to
the upper ranks in society, and that it is vain and useless to at-
tempt to ameliorate his condition, without adopting measures
that will tend to raise him in the general scale of society.
But it may be said that I have devised the means of improv-
ing the condition of the working classes more than is necessary,
and that some intermediate stage between their present state
and the situation on which I propose to place them, will be
better, both on their own account and on that of the upper
classes.
en reply to this objection, permit me to say that the late
rapid progress in scientific inventions and discoveries has ren-
dered such intermediate stage of improvement fbr the working
classes both impracticable and unnecessary.
I may add, that the full benefits which I propose to give
them will be obtained in a shorter time, and with much more
of any
yone of the measures which
eycooun o m
havey,
suggested
resultsi
ae
your Report.
The o
The fact is, that while so much labour is advantageously and
now necessarily executed by machinery, which was so lately
performed by the hand, permanent beneficial employment can
be given to all the working classes only by a change of system
corresponding in magnitude to the change which has thus- been
produced throughout all the relations of society. A complete
change of ertem" becomes absolutely necessary to enable so-
ciety to derive unmixed benefit from the natural progress of
the arts and sciences, which are of real value only in as far as
they tend to improve the condition and increase the happiness
of mankind.
Temporary expedients may be tried again and again ; but it
:will be speedily found that they will all as heretofore, lead
:only to disappointment. The new manufacturing scientific
system, now fully and fairly established in this empire, and in
the United States, and which can never again be repressed, will
involve the people of these countries and others, by the periodi-
cal excess of their productions over any beneficial demand for
them, in difficulties which will progressively increase until the
world shall be compelled to make a proper and advantageous
use of the wonderful productive powers which Providence has
thus placed under our direction.
Forgive me if I say, that until your minds are elevated to
this enlarged view of the subject; any practical measures which
you may recommend for the permanent relief of Ireland must
be unavailing.
The whole of Ireland, aided by the united wisdom of the
British Legislature, is utterly incompetent, under the present
system, even to suggest one practicable measure likely to effect
the desired improvement in the general character and condition
of the working classes in that island. •
Those who really understand any thing of this important
and interesting subject are now convinced that this can be
effected only by the aid of funds from the Government, which
shall assist the local efforts of the landlord and tenant to carry
into execution well-devised measures permanently to employ
the peasant, and improve his physical and moral condition. It
is in vain to look for relief from any other source ; and al-
though some of the most acute and able of the economists
of the modern school formed part of your Conunhtee, yet
the evidence of stern and unbending facts was too strong
for theories in direct opposition to them ; and you wisely,
near the conclusion of your Report, admit, " Your Com-
mittee are aware, that according to many of the received prin-
ciples of political science, all artificial encouragements to
industry and production are difficult to.be defended, and they
are likewise disposed to admit the danger of public interference
'in Ireland as tending to make the people of that country look
to Government and to the Legislature for relief, rather than to
their own industry and their own exertions. But in the present
state of part of that country, it may perhaps be questioned,
whether any increased application of capital is likely to take
place, so as to give more active employment to the people,
until peace and tranquillity are fully restored. If, as has been
suggested, tranquillity can best be secured by encouraging in-
clUstry among the people, it may perhaps be necessary that the
fiat step toward 'the attainment of this object should be taken
with the aid of the Government, relying afterwards on the ope-
ration of natural causes. Your Committee would however
strictly adhere to the principle of aiding local effort only. But
wherever works can be undertaken, which, on the fullest inves-
tigation, are considered to be of real utility, and of such mag-
nitude as to exceed the ordinary local resources, and where
such security can be offered as to protect.the public from even-
tual loss, your Committee consider, that some assistance may
wisely be given by the nation to stimulate private exertions."
*lt is gratifying to me to say that in the greater part of this
very impbrtant portion of your Report, 1 most cordially agree.
Let but Government thus assist Ireland . with . funds that can
eaoy be spared,' and let theSe funds be applied to enable the

inhabitants to reap the benefits of the late scientific invention!'
and discoveries, and you will speedily have the satisfaction to
see all the peasantry well employed, their moral condition im-
proved, all cause of discontent withdrawn, and the peace and
tranquillity of that Island secured and rendered permanent.
I have the honour to be, Gentlemen,
Your faithful Servant,
ROBERT OWEN.

New Lanark, 4th February, 1824.

From the LONDON GAZETTE, Feb. 17.

At the Court at Brighton, the 19th of January, 1824, present,

the King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council:

Whereas there was this day read at the Board, the humble
Memorial of Sir Henry Halford, Bart., physician to his Ma'
jesty, and President of the College or Comonalty of the Fe-'
culty of Physic in London, setting forth that the said Presi
dent and College have, with great care, pains, and industry,
revised, corrected, and reformed a book by them formerly pub'
lished, entitled " Pharmacopoeia Collegii Regalia Medicoruna
Londinensis," prescribing and directing the manner of pre-'
paring all sorts of medicines therein contained, together with
the true weights and measures by which they ought to be made,
which book is now perfected and ready to be published, and i 5
is conceived will contribute to the public good of his Majesty's'
subjects, by preventing all deceits, differences, and uncertain.--
ties in making or compounding of medicines, if for the future!
the manner and form prescribed therein should be practised by
apothecaries and others in their compositions of medicines ; the'
Memorialist, therefore, most humbly prays, that his Majesty
will be graciously pleased to enforce the observance thereof, in suct;
manner as to his Majesty shall seem meet: his Majesty thii-
day took the said Memorial into his Royal consideration, and
being desirous to provide in all cases for the common good of
his people, and being persuaded that the establishing the gene-.
ral use of the said book may tend to the prevention of such de-
ceits in the making and compounding medicines, wherein the
lives and health of his Majesty's subjects are so highly con.-
cerned, hath therefore thought fit, by and with the advice of
his Privy Council, hereby to notify to all apothecaries and
others concerned, to the intent they may not pretend ignor-
ance thereof, that the said book, called " Pharmaeopceits
Collegii Regalia Medicorum Londinensis," is perfected and
ready to be published; and his Majesty doth, therefore, strict-
ly require, charge, and command all and singular apothecaries
and others, whose business it is to compound medicines, CC
distil oils or waters, or make other extracts, within any part of
his Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, domi"
nion of Wales, and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, that the,
and every of them, immediately after the said " Pharmaco'
pceia Collegii Regalia Medicorum Londinensis" shall be printed
and published, do not compound or make any medicine or me'
dicinal receipt or proscription, or distil any oil or waters, or
make other extracts that are or shall be in the " Pharmacorceo
Collegii Regalia Medicorum Londinensis" mentioned or named,
in any other manner or form than is or shall be directed,
prescribed, and set down by the said book, and according to the
weights and measures that are or shall be therein limited, 0'
cept it shall be by the special direction or prescription of some
Learned Physician is that behalf; and his Majesty doth here'
by declare, that the offenders to the contrary shall not only in'
cur his Majesty's just displeasure, but be proceeded against far
Isuch their contempt and offences according to the utaloo
severity of law. JAMES BULLER.

Crown Ojice, Feb. 17.
31E3IBER returned to serve in this present Parliament.
Boroughp of Ashburton—Sir John Singleton Copley, Knt. w
Mitjesty s Attorney-General.

BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED.
W. Vince, Lucas-street, Commercial-road, dealer.
BANKRUPTS.
E. Nokes, Norwich, merchant, to surrender March 1,3/ 's9
30, at four, at the Castle Inn, Norwich. Attornies, Aless_rs*
Poole and Greenfield, Gray's Inn-square, London ; arid Mess".
Parkinson and Staff; Norwich.
W. Cannon, .Molyneux-street, Portman-square
Feb. '2l, 28, and March 30, at one, at the Court of 'Counvi,,,
sioners. Attorney. Mr. Hutchinson, Crown-court, Throe!
needle-street.

J. Howard, T. Howard, and N. Howard, Haughton,
eashire hat-manufacturers, March 1,2, and 30, ai ten, at Lib"
Star Inn, Manchester. Attorneys, Messrs. Willis, Wats°„ll'
Bower, and Willis, Tokenhouse-yard, London ; and Mr. P"
H. Wilson, Manchester.
T. Leak, Helpringliam, Lincolnshire, victualler, March 14
at live, 10, at ten, and 30, at eleven, at the Rein Deer WI:,
Lincoln. Attorneys, Mr. Forbes, Sleaford ; and Mr. 10
bert; Grays Inn.
J. Crauaaz, Sloane-street, Knightsbridge, merchant rel.'.
24, March 2, and 39, at one, at the Court ofi Commissional'
Attorney, Mr. 11. IL Turner,.Percy-street, Bedford-square. 0t
S. Lamb, Cheapside, hatter, Feb. 24, 28, and March 30Li'
ten, at the Court of Commissioners. Attornies, Messrs. Fisur7
and Sndlow, Thavies Inn, Holborn, London.
W. Crowther, Sans-buildings, Islington, apothecary, refr
24, 28, and March 30, at twelve, at the Court of Cornmissioo-
- Attornies, Messrs Stevens and Wood, Little St. Thoo
Apostle, London.
J. Cooke, of Frome-Selwood, Somersetshire, clothier, Mt
4,5, and 29, at eleven, at the Wheatsheaves Inn, Fromed.
wood. Attornies, Mr. Hartley, Blackfriars, Londor 4
Mr. Miller, Frome-Selwood.

DIVIDENDS. cl%
March 2, R. Dye, Peckham, Surrey, wheelwaght--mar— 1
20, J. Chalk, Blackfriar's-road, coach-make,--March 11,
Barton, Freckenham, Suffolk, Innkeeper—iliarch 9, T, way
son, Manchester, dealer—March 19, E, Oittenden, Ashford:
Kent, ironmonger—March 11, J. Cloodeild, sen. J• and
Jackson, J. Goodchild, jun. J. Jacksco and T. Jones,
.!1:
Bishop-Wearmouth, Durham, banlra—?March 11, W. '.l.l‘'
gett, Bury St. Edmund's miller.
CERTIFICATES—March 9.
J. Burraston, Hereford, coal-merchant —R. S. Rocli,r
Bishop's. Waltham, Hampshire, tanner--J. Davies, Herefor",
victualler—T. Ellaby, Emberton, Buckinghamshire,lo;ge
merchant—G. Ferns, jun., Stockport, grocer.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
W. Boond, Altringham, Cheshire, and J. Spencer, Salford'
Lancashire,
It
manufacturers—R. Plummer and T. Massey',
1`
Norwich, ironmongers—J. H. Cook and R. W. Martyn' ~
tock, Somersetshire, surgeons—J. Lowe and G. Lynam Sta"-,
upon-Trent, Staffordshire, millers—J. and K. Cosens, TAD
ston, Sussex, farmers—J. Salter and W. Moore, Stafford-pla 1,.
Pimlico, dealers in tea—J. Goren and T. Lord, solicitors.-1‘
Dighton and J. Sayce, Stroud, Gloucestershire, clothiers--"_,
Tozer and R. White, Melksham, stone-blue-manufacturcr°;,
A. L. Pfeil and J. Feldwick Broad-street, Bloomsbury, ir„.
mongers—H. Downs and JAiallard, Brighthelmston, Stisse,
coal-merchants—G. and J. Plummer, Topcliffe, Yorloa1;„.
grocers—J. W. Ma yd and J. N. Shelley Epsom, 5urg2,;."1,,,t
T. Pearson and R. Ball, Derby, confect iotras—J.
J. Bissell, Hales-Owen, Shropshire, inaltsters—J. -0('
Kilby, York, brewers.

BIRTHS. or'
On the 17th instant, in Whitehall-place, the Right
Lady James Stuart, of a son. A of
On the 16th instant, at Broad-street-buildings, the LA.Y
George Stephen, Esq., of a daughter.

MARRIED. rrilefi
On the 17th inst., at St. Paul's, Deptford, Mr- Haro.-910A
of Broseley, Salop, to Susanna, third daughter of 3lt• ""
Ashford, Loam-pit-hill, Kent.
—doe

Printed and Published for the PROPRIEWORS, at the SI

OFVLCE, 112, Strand, by J.B. CARSTATAS.