The Sun.
London, England, 1824-01-31 00:00:00

SWITZRERLAND.

There is an able article in the Journal des
Dobats by M. MALTE-BnuN, on M. RAO
ROCIIETTE'S History of the Helvetic Revolution,
from which we extract the following liberal
remarks:—

" Switzerland, more fortunate than Venice, Genoa, and so
many towns of Germany, has had the advantage of resuming
institutions analogous to those which formerly constituted her
prosperity, and which, springing from her soil, and the cha-
racter of her inhabitants, can never be extinguished. A phi-
lanthropic diplomacy, with too limited, or, perhaps, too ex-
tensive views, had established as a principle, at the Congress of
1814, that there should be no absolute Monarchy or Republic in
Europe, and that a Representative Monarchy was the only form
of Government which corresponded with the wants of the age,
and which fulfilled the wishes of nations. Accordingly,
these
sages would have established some petty Constitutional King
at Zug or Uri. Certain French Publicists afterwards started a
notion of a supposed opposition between the Monarchical and
the Republican principle, a notion which had never occurred to
Montesquieu, or Aristotle, or Henry IV., or Frederick the Se-
cond; and after having created this phantom, they proceeded
to preach a crusade against republics, as Hebert and Robe-
spierre formerly preached a crusade against monarchies.—
This doctrine (for every absurdity is now so called) was sup-
ported by advocates so noisy and so vehement, that many per-
sons believed it to be secretly supported by some real au-
sect rot
a
au-
thority : but the only thing certain is, that it is the belief of
a
sufficiently vindictive. It is
therefore lll. Raoul Rochette to have so
boldly defended the nature of the institutions of Switzerland.
Monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy,ya,
tr
all arise from the moral
veryait
o f tolerant,
courage
and physical situation in which a people is placed, and the
events which compose their social life. When these different
forms of Government have received the sanction of time and of
the laws, their inviolability and a
sanctity rest upon the same
principle; they become legitimate, and lie who ventures to
attack them is a revolutionist. The Christian religion itself has
consecrated the principles which we have just pointed out, and
upon which we have enlarged on other occasions. With re-
ference to the happiness and tranquillity of the world, it is evi-
dently desirable that a great variety of forms of Government
should offer, to different characters, and different kinds of ta-
lent, a choice between different modes of social existence. This
was one of the advantages of ancient Europe, and if it could
have been re-established, public tranquility would hat a been
better secured ; and sound views of politics' the difficult and ex-
tensive study of the real action of political institutions, would
have been substituted for that 'vague and trifling discussion of
abstract representative theories, which can never secure true
liberty, or substantial repose.
" There is a trait of severity in this history which, by its be-
ing applied in a particular instance only, becomes in some sort
unjust. M. Raoul Rochette observes, in describing the cam-
paigns of the Archduke Charles, that Austria was deficient in
sincerity in her efforts against Revolutionary France ; that she
looked more to private aggrandizement than to the triumph of
principle; and that this want of sincerity, producing a want of
energy and enthusiasm, facilitated the defeats of the coalition,
and the immense successes of the revolution. This is all just
in itself, but equity requires that the reproach should be made
general. What power then did more, or even so much as
Austria ? Who fought then for principles ? Who did not
then accept private aggrandizement from the hands of the revo-
lution ? Who knew even that legitimacy ought to be the sole
object of the coalition, and could alone procure its success?
The age replies Gustavus, and only Gustavus. We must not
be astonished at this. The partition of Poland had proclaimed
23 years before 1793, that there was no longer any political mo-
rality in Europe, and that force was substituted to the vain pa-
rade of treaties and laws. Frederick, Joseph, Catherine, all
acted on this principle, which became at a later period the inhe-
ritance of various revolutionary powers. There was not then
at the commencement of the French invasions, any moral force
whatever, on which the coalition could rely. The Allies misa
trusted each other as much as they mistrusted the common
enemy. It has been through long calamities and unheard of
humiliations, that Providence hat conducted the Monarchs to
acknowledge in the Treaty of the Holy Alliance, that " God is
the only Sovereign," and that to establish laws on Earth they
must begin by submitting themselves with pure and sincere
hearts to the laws of Heaven. May victory and prosperity never
make them forget this principle, which alone has rescued them
from an abyss of evils."

METEOROLOGIC:I L JOURNAL.

BY R. BANKS.
PIIILONOPIIICAL IN4TRUMENT MAKER

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