The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-08 00:00:00

tians who do think it right to make laws for their
fellow-creatures, are bound by their profession to
make those laws as much in agreement as possible
with the genius, the spirit, and the requirements of
Divine revelation. (I would not for all the honours
and emoluments in the world have the future respon-
sibility of those law-makers, who are about to kill a
poor woman next week, by hanging her up with a
cord round her neck at Newgate.)
But, Sir, as to the immediate subject of this letter,
if legislators found that a Statute of Limitations
would not apply to crime, surely an equity court
ought to decide on the merits of each case of long
standing, and not visit the penitent, the reformed, the
now respectable, useful, and honourable man with the
same punishment as would be awarded to him who on
trial is found to have continued in his depraved and
vicious career.

How inefficient and inconsistent are all man's at-
tempts to govern ! How beautiful and benevolent are
:he requirements of Heaven I—" Do justly, love
[nercy, and walk humbly with thy God."
In haste, yours, &c.,
Gloucestershire, Oct. 6, 1847. DALETII.

COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL.
Yesterday a court was held for the dispatch of
business.

The LORD MAYOR informed the Court that Alder-
man Hooper had signified his consent to accept the
office of Mayor for the year ensuing.
The thanks of the Court were unanimously voted
to the Rev. Halstead Cobden, chaplain to the Lord
Alayor, for the sermon preached on the day of the
election of sheriffs before the Lord Mayor and Cor-
poration, and the sermon was ordered to be printed,
and copies ordered to be sent to the members of the
Court.
FRAUDS IN TDB COLLECTION OF BROKER'S RENTS.
Mr. BURN, the Chairman of the Officers and Clerks'
Committee, brought up the " Report on th© Duties
and Emoluments of the Collection of Brokers' Rents."
He regretted that he had again to complain of defal-
cations in an office of the corporation so soon after the
serious charges against the collector of the City wine
dues. All the committee at present recommended
was the appointment of a new collector. The regula-
tions for the direction of the office were to be formed,
upon due consideration, by the Court. The officers
appointed to perform the duties in the meantime had
discovered already defalcations to the amount of
upwards of 2,oool.—(Hear, hear.)
A MEMBER asked whether the late collector's sure-
ties had been applied to ?
Mr. BURN replied that the Gurantee Society was
security for Mr. Cheesewright, the late collector, to
the amount of 5001., and there were two individuals
sureties for him to the amount of 4001., one of whom
was considered to be good, the other doubtful.
Mr. LAWRENCE moved that the report be sent
back to the committee, to consider the expediency of
collecting by a clerk in the Chamberlain's office.
The Court, after a short discussion, divided, and
there appeared for the amendment, 46 ; against it,
67. Majority in favour of the recommendation in the
report, 21.

THE CITY OF LONDON LIBRARY.
Mr. JOHN DIXON, the chairman of the committee
to whom it was referred to carry into execution the re-
solution of the 2d of June, for establishing in the
Guildhall a library of all matters relating to the City,
the borough of Southwark, and the county of Middle-
sex brought up a report on the state and progress of
their library from the Ist of June, 1840, to which he
called the particular attention of the Court.
The following is an abstract of the report, which
was of considerable length :
" The present librarian, upon entering upon his
duties, directed his attention in the first instance to
the state of the catalogue, which being a classified
one, and having no marks of reference to the cases
and shelves in which the several volumes are placed,
he found it necessary to go very carefully through
the library, noting in the margin of the catalogue
opposite each book or article the case and shelf as-
signed to it. This has been accurately done, and
your committee confidently invite the Court's atten-
tion to the great catalogue, &c.
" Very numerous and valuable additions have been
made to the library since the last report of great cu-
riosity and interest relating to City history, manners,
and customs, as well as others of a political and mis-
cellaneous character relating to the kingdom in gene-
ral, which it would be impracticable to particularise
within the limits of this report. In the class of his-
tory, voyages, and travels, may be enumerated.—
(Here follows a long list comprehending all the great
popular works in the class.)
"To the class of topography and county histories
the library has a very superb accession, as well
as that of antiquities and that of biography.
Other volumes of great exceltence have enriched
the shelves, amongst which is a truly choice
collection of 950 original royal proclamations,
published by King Charles 1., the Parliament,
the Protector, Charles 11., James 11., and
William 111., recently purchased by your committee,
which is indeed a real acquisition to the library, since
such articles in any lengthened series are becoming
rarer and dearer every day.
"Amongst the donations presented, which are very
numerous, the most 'aluable are—by the Commis-
sioners of Public Records ; by the Trustees of the
British Museum •by the Parker Society ; H. A.
Merewether, D.C.L., Town Clerk; by the late
Thomas Tegg, Esq., &c.
"Your committee consider it their duty, in a more
special and emphatic manner, to call the attention of
your Honourable Court to the munificent present of
about 400 volumes of Hebrew and Rabbinical litera-
ture made by Philip Salomans, Esq. It is not within
the scope of this report to particularise the whole
of this magnificent collection. It may be sufficient
to state that it consists, amongst other things, of
'The Mokrogedoleth,' or by way of pre-eminence the
great convocation, being the Hebrew and Chaldee
texts of the Sacred Scriptures, with the various
Glosses of the most eminent Jewish Rabbis, such as
Aber Eara, Rabbi Solomon Jarchi, Levi Bin Gerson
Remchi, &c. "The Talmud or Mishna, or Tradi-
tions of the Fathers,' and the Geonare, or Dispu-
tations of the Jewish Doctors on the Mishna.' This
work is in twelve large folio volumes. ' The Mish-
naioth, or Talmud broken into the Six Sederim or
Orders of which it consists.' The commentary of
Rabbi Isaac Aberbinel on the Pentateuch ; the great
work, Rabalphe's treating of the Talmud, with the
Gloss of Jarchi ;' different edition of "The Penta-
teuch;' the book "Lir,' a juridical work of great
authority ; a fine copy of the Bible: with a Rab-
binical Gloss,' in 11 volumes ; and Buxton's He-
brew Concordance,' a work of great estimation with
seculars and divines. These works are all in the
Hebrew and Rabbinical character,
and are at pre-
sent uncatalogued ; but a reverend friend of the
librarian, reader of the Synagogue in St. Alban's-
place, has kindly promised to assist him in carefully
constructing a proper catalogue. Your committee
have directed them to be placed in a separate
case by themselves, with the donors name at the
top, and the date of the donation.—(Loud cheering.)
We beg further to certify that agreeably to the , '
re-
solution of the 26th of March, 1846, the ante-room of
the Guildhall Library has been fitted up as a museum
for antiquities and works of art, and we have the
pleasure to report that a most beautiful and valuable
addition has been made to it by the Royal Exchange
and Gresham Trusts Committee, of a large collection
of curiosities, found in 1841,
while excavating the
foundation of the New Royal Exchange, consisting of
the more perfect specimens of the red Roman ware
usually found in the ruins of Roman cities, and called
Samian ware ; also a collection of domestic imple-
ments of various kinds, and of coins, from sixty to
seventy in number, &c.
"All which is submitted to the judgment of this
Honourable Court.

-----
" Signed by every member of the committee."
and T The e
ereportopy
wasNa
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received,reeted
toandbe
to
to h
e ve
rye printed,
member
then mortveeesfdetrotrhibetghfeollowing resolution
of
mthre.CDoluxrot.s
committeerr:t;a in the expressions they
report presented to the Court this datyhabty
to
omunificent present
by Philip Salomans, Esq., to the Guildhall Library,
—Ca
go'rerermhiwtattieteht,h ivv:hheCi cohll
of 400 volumes of Hebrew and Rabbinical works,
tpbaer ti.,
Library
r at
rhye
gift, and approve of the
mpreover, that
the thanks of this corporation are due, and are hereby
given to Philip Salornans, Esq.,
directionsh ave ap
applied e p
given
i v
et o b thisfor deposit,lih er al
resolving,
for this splendid
donation ; and further, that this resolution, being
recorded in the minutes of this Court, be especially
communicated to Mr. Salomans by the Town-clerk.
several members,
entertained of Mr. Saloman's
liberality, and a discussion upon the subject of adopt-
ing some more marked mode of showing the feeling
proceeded to the election of some
expArfetsetrivesoomf ethoebsseeor:;:tions from
of the corporation, the resolution was carried amidst
great applause.
The Court then
subordinate officers under the County Court Bill, after
which it adjourned.

LYCEUM THEATRE _HerMajesty the Queen has
commanded Colonel Anon to inform the proprietors of
the Lyceum theatre (Messrs. C. Matthews and Strutt)
that she wishes an anteroom and box to be set apart
for her exclusive use at their theatre. We understand
that the " fittings up" of the same will be of a princely
alike worthy of the honour
and magnificent sty e,
con-
ferred on the establishment, and the credit of the future
management. The season, therefore, will, indeed, com-
mence under, circumstances of the most promising

character. quence of the state-
MARY ANN ITUNT.--In c°nße
ment made to Sir George Grey by Dr. Conquest and
1)r. Ramsbottom, and another medical gentleman, ap-
pointed to examine the condition of this unfortunate
female, the Home Secretary has ordered the sentence to
be respited until after the birth of the child with which
she is quick.

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again until March 15, 1858. Astronomers are look-
ing forward to the event with peceliar interest, inas-
much as they expect that it will either verify or dis-
prove a statement that during the eclipse in 1842, as
seen at Pavia, in Italy, there were observed some
tinted protuberances, like the pyramidal cogs of a
wheel, to emerge from under the dark border of the
moon. Mr. Baily, who went to that place expressly
for the purpose of observing the phenomenon, says—
" I at first looked out very narrowly for the black I
lines which were seen in the annular eclipse of 1836,
as they would probably precede the string of beads.
These lines, however, did not make their appearance;
or at least they were not seen by me. But the beads
were distinctly visible, and, on their first appearance,
I had noted down on paper the time of my chrono-
meter, and was in the act of counting the seconds, in
order to ascertain the time of their duration, when
I was astounded by a tremendous burst of applause
from the streets below, and at the same moment was
electrified at the sight of one of the most brilliant and
splendid phenomena that can well be imagined ; for
at that instant, the dark body of the moon was mid.:
denly surrounded with a corona, or kind of bright
glory, similar in shape and magnitude to that which
painters draw round the heads of saints, and which by
the French is designated an aureole. Pavia contains
many thousand inhabitants, the major part of whom
were, at this early hour, walking about the streets
and squares, or looking out of windows, in order to
witness this long talked-of phenomenon; and when
the total obscuration took place, which was instanta-
neous, there was a universal shout from every ob-
server, which made the welkin ring,' and for the
moment drew my attention from the object with
which I was immediately occupied. I had, indeed, '
anticipated the appearance of a luminous circle round
the moon during the time of total obscurity ; but I
did not expect, from any of the accounts of preceding
eclipses that I had read, to witness so magnificent an
exhibition as that which took place." Mr. Baily then
proceeds to say that the most remarkable circum-
stance attending this phenomenon was the appearance
of three large protuberances, apparently emanating
from the circumference of the moon, and he remarks
that his attention was so constantly taken up by the
remarkable and unexpected appearance, that he
omitted to watch for the re-appearances of the beads,
and therefore he could not add his testimony to the
recurrence of that phenomenon.
The eclipse begins at sunrise, 14 minutes 12 seconds
past six o'clock (Greenwich); at Torbay the sun rises
eclipsed at 14 minutes past six, and there and at Ply-
mouth, &c., it will be central and annular, or ring-
like, a white ray of uniform width being all round
the edge of the moon, which opaque body (the moon),
of course, is not large enough to obscure the whole
of the sun's disc. Let a person take a map of Eng-
land and \Vales, and draw a line from Cardigan on the
left hand, through Gloucester, Oxford, and a few
miles south of Margate; to all the places below or on
the south of that line, the eclipse will present this
annular appearance; but at Hereford, being to the
north, the ring will not be quite complete.
If the moon were at a constant distance from the
earth, and the earth at a constant distance from the
sun, a central eclipse of the sun would always pre-
sent the same features to an inhabitant of the
earth ; but such is not the case : the earth is about
three millions of miles nearer to the sun in December
than in June, on account of her being at that end
of her elliptical orbit which is nearer to the sun ;
consequently the sun appears larger, or subtends a
larger angle, at the former period than at the latter.
Again, the moon's orbit round the earth is likewise
elliptical; and although we are accustomed to say
that the moon is about 240,000 miles distant from
the earth, yet when we wish to determine the dis-
tance at different times, it is found that the moon's
greatest distance from the earth is about 251,000
miles, and her least about 227,000. Now, if the
moon were in perigee (that part of her orbit nearest
to the earth), and the earth were in aphelion (that
part of her orbit furthest from the sun) at the time of
a central solar eclipse, the eclipse would be total, be-
cause the apparent diameter of the moon, as seen from
the earth, would be greater than that of the sun. But
if the reverse were the case; if the moon were at her
greatest, and the sun at his least distance from the
earth, at the time of a central eclipse, then the eclipse
would be annular, that is, a ring of the sun's light
would seem to surround the dark body of the moon,
in consequence of the sun having at that time a
larger apparent diameter than the moon. These
differences would not occur were it not that the ap-
parent dimensions of the sun and moon, as seen from
the earth, are so nearly equal.
As, after the ring-like appearance commences, it
will only last about three minutes, and the eclipse
itself commences so early, parties must prepare their
smoked glass or telescopes the night before, and be
stirring betimes. The interesting phenomenon will
terminate at about half-past eight, and will be visible
not only to European nations, but to several parts of
Asia and Africa.
Perhaps there is no better medium of observing,
the eclipse than through two pieces of glass, of con-
venient size, first smoked over a candle, the smoked
sides placed together, and the pieces then fastened to
each other at the ends with flaxen thread. The
blackening should be denser towards one end than
the other, in order to suit the eye as occasion may
require.
It is recorded that during the total eclipse of the
sun in 1820 the day became so dark that some birds
actually went to roost, and the thermometer fell seve-
ral degrees, and there was a prematnre appearance of
night-fall, after which the cocks crew.

SWINDLING AT MANCHESTER.
On Tuesday last, a person calling himself the Hon.
Charles Walter Fitzclarence, arrived at the Albion
Hotel, and remained there until Saturday last. On
Saturday morning he went to the Llulme Cavalry
Barracks, and having stated that he was a lieutenant
in the Ist Royal Dragoons, stationed at Portsmouth,
and that his servant having deserted from the regi-
ment, and entered either the 11th Hussars or the
69th Foot, he had come to Manchester in search of
him, he applied for assistance in apprehending the
man. He looked at several recruits who had newly
joined the 11th Hussars, but not identifying any of
them as his servant, he returned to the Albion Hotel,
and Lieutenant Dallas, of the 11th Hussars, sent a
sergeant to assist him in searching for his servant.
When the sergeant arrived at the Albion, the Hon.
Lieutenant ordered him into the coffee-room, gave
him a glass of wine, and wrote out for him a descrip•
tion of the servant of whom he was in search. The
pretended Lieutenant then went out to make some
purchases, taking the sergeant with him. He first
called at Mr. Syddall's, haberdasher, Market-street,
where he stated that he was Lieut. Fitzclarence, of the
11th Hussars, son of Lord Auckland, 41, Whitehall-
gardens, London, and purchased several stocks, a
dozen of shirts, which were to cost nine guineas,
and a purse. The stocks and the shirts were to be
sent to him at the Albion Hotel ; the purse he took
with him, as he said that he should want it, being
about to get a cheque for 1,0001. cashed at one of
the Manchester banks. The shopman, seeing him
accompanied by a sergeant of Hussars, believed his
representation, and allowed him to take away the
purse; and he also put the shirts in hand for making.
Mr. Fitzclarence next went to the shop of Mr.
Hamilton, saddler, Market-street, where, by similar
representations as to who he was, and by the corro-
boration that was afforded to his statements by his
being accompanied by the sergeant, he obtained a
gold-mounted whip, worth 41., and a pair of spurs.
He also ordered a trunk 'to be sent to Mr. Syddall's,
in which his shirts and other purchases might be
packed. In the course of the day he told the sergeant
that he was the nephew of Lord Cardigan, and de-
sired the man to go to Sir Thomas Arbuthnot's, and
tell Lord Cardigan that Lord Fitzgerald wanted to
sea him at the Albion. The man accordingly went to
Sir Thomas Arbuthnot's, but did not find Lord
Cardigan there. Mr. Hamilton, in the course
of the day, conceived some suspicions as to the real
character of the pretended Lieutenant ; and on look-
ing in the Army List, he could find no such person as
Lieut. Fitzclarence in the 11th Hussars, he went to
the Hulme Barracks to inquire if anything were
known of him there. Not receiving a satisfactory
answer, he went to the Albion Hotel, where he saw
the Lieutenant, and, under pretence of being about to
put a five-guinea guard to the four-guinea whip, for
which Mr. Fitzclarence had expressed a desire, Mr.
Hamilton got possession, and retained possession, of
his whip. The impostor, however, still kept the spurs.
In the course of the evening Mr. Syddall, having also
entertained suspicions, sent one of his young men,
named Burns, to the Albion, to tell Mr. Fitzclarence
I that he could not have his goods unless he previously
paid for them. Fitzclarence said that he would pay
for them if he could find change for a 1001. note.
Burns went out, and having got the required change,
returned to the Albion, when the swindler desired
him to walk up to his bedroom, and he should be
paid. The two then went up into the bedroom, and
then Fitzclarence told Burns that if he would hire
a coach, and convey him (Fitzclarence) and some
trunks, which, in facr, were not his, but
those of a commercial traveller, occupying the
next bedroom, to the Hulme barracks, he
should be paid. Burns declined to do this, but went
to the Town-hall, and gave information, in copse-
rnence of which the impostor was apprehended by
Inspector Maybury. On being searched at the Town
Hall, a pawn ticket was found upon him, which he
coontrived to obtain possession of and tear up before
the officer had seen what name was upon it. He had
a German
silver watchguard round his neck, the end
of which was inserted in his waistcoat pocket as if a
watch were appended to it ; there were, in reality,
however, only two trim seals urn it. Ile refused
4,•