The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-19 00:00:00

UNITED STATES.

By the arrival of the steam-packet ship Caledonia, cn
Saturday night, at Liverpool, from Halifax, we have receiv(
New York and Boston papers of the 2d, and Halifax of the
4th inst. Alit made the passage front Halifax in eleven
days, and brings 95 passengers.
Her Majesty's mail bags were under the charge of Lieu-
tenant Bury, R. N., through whose promptitude, and Out
of the Liverpool agents, upwards of sixty large bags of
letters and newspapers were landed, and conveyed to the
Post-office with the utmost rapidity.
The passage of the Caledonia was fair till she arrived in
the Channel, when she encountered strong easterly winds,
which considerably impeded her progress into port.
PHILADELPHIA, Dac. el.—The most important topic
of conversation just now is the " go-ahead" spirit that is
apparent in the infant republic of Texas. About three weeks
sinco I informed you of the escape of Idi." Texians (minus
a few killed) from an intended massacre by the Mexicans.
It appears that this event has crested a great sen-
sation both with the Government and people of
Texas—so much so that, according to a private
letter, a resolution has been passed by the Texian House
of Representatives, to the effect that the " President may
accept the services of 5,000 men for the invasion of
Mexico, allowing them to keep whatever they make tyke
from the Mexicans, and a league of land each out of their
conquests." A gross outrage has been perpetrated by the
Mexicans, by the capture of an American sloop and mur-
der of her crew, at Corpus Christi, without (as is affirmed)
the slightest provocation. The captain was run through
the body by a ruffian named Gonzales, and three of the
crew taken on shore and shot, after one of them had had
his ears cut off. The American Consul at Matamoras
was investigating the affair, and Gonzales is in custody,
Such events as these aro calculated deeply to interest
the adventurous portion of the American public—
especially those who derive their animal impulses
from the hot suns of the south ; and should a fever
be by any means got up, either now or at
some future time, in favour of an invasive move-
ment towards Mexico, the result may be deeply im-
portant in its character. The Mexicans, on their part,
still talk of an invasion of Texas ; and " monopolies" have
been granted (sold) to the house of Rubio, as private
letters affirm, " for the purpose of concentrating funds on
a particular point, for the coming crusade against Texas."
Thus you will perceive that the imbroglio between Mexico
and Texas was never stronger or more complicated than
at present. Meanwhile, the Texians .have taken several
Mexican vessels.

The exact returns of the Presidential election have just
been published. They show that the whole number of
votes polled was 2,392,638; of which there were, for
Harrison, 1,269,211, and for Van Buren, 1,123,427:
exact majority, 145,784.
Resolutions in favour of a national bank have passed
the House of Representatives of Kentucky by a majority of
73 to 18.

It is reported that " Wild Cat," the most savage and
hostile of the Seminole chiefs in Florida has been killed
in a fight with " Tiger Tail," a brother chief. If so, there
is a probability that the Florida war will speedily terminate.
Braham has just finished an engagement at New York ;
Power, the Irish actor, is at St. Charles Theatre, New
Orleans; and Vandenhoff is giving recitations from the
British poets to crowded rooms at Boston.
M'Leod, on trial in Lockport, New York, charged with
being one of the persons who destroyed the Caroline
steamer in 1835, states that he can prove an alibi, and
that he is not the person meant. The proceedings excite
interest, and seem to revive a bad feeling near that part of
the border. The ship-carpenters of Quebec have struck
for higher wages. Some of the New Brunswick Papers
seem to regret the rccal of Sir John Harvey, who was ex-
tremely popular as a Governor.
In 1839, the Seamen's Friend Society record the wreck
of 521 American ♦easels, with the loss of about 700 lives.
The ship Mayflower, from Stockholm, has brought out
twenty-four pieces of light artillery and two pieces of
fl)ing artillery, with complete apparatus, for the United
States Government. They were sent by the officers
who went on a military tour through Europe from this
country.

Tke- examination of 11I'Leod at Lockport, has at length
been brought to a close. The testimony given was of an
extraordinary character, as some of the witnesses incul-
.

pated the prisoner, whilst others distinctly swore that he
was at another place on the night the Caroline was burned
by the British. He was, however, remanded to gaol, in
default of bail, to appear on trial to answer the charge,
himself in $5,000, and two sureties in $2,500 each.
The general impression now is, that bi'Leod is not the
" real Simon Pure."

We have received intelligence here to the effect that

her Britannic Majesty's packet brig Spey, from Falmouth
to the Havannah, was lost near Buena Vista, October 24.
Crew and letters saved.

I copy the following paragraph from the United Slates
Gazette, merely adding that it is all the information I can
get upon a subject which is, I know, of importance just
now in England. The United Staffs Gazette says, on
the authority of one of the Fund Commissioners of
that 1' the interest on the bonds of that state will
certainly be paid when due, notwithstanding the rumour
to the contrary."
By the way, some merchants have received letters in
New York, stating that a law had passed the Legislature
of Illinois, providing for the p iyment of the interest due
upon the bonds on the Ist of January next, and also pro-
viding for other bonds; but adding that the impression
was strong among the Members of the Legislature, that
taxation must be resorted to, as the only permanent means
of upholding the credit of the State.
The New Brunswick (and particularly the Halifax) ad-
vices received to-day, positively contradict the statement
copied from English papers, that Sir John Harvey is to
be recalled.
Another steam-boat, the Randolph, has been burnt on
the Mississippi, laden with a valuable cargo of cotton.
No lives lost, but nearly 1,000 bales of cotton destroyed.
We learn from the British West Indies that in the
island of Trinidad no fewer than 800 emigrants (negrues)
arrived during the month of September, from the United
States. The island of Barbadoes suffered from a severe
drought during all the month of November, and much
poverty and misery was anticipated from the failure of
the crops.
The ship Spartan, from Liverpool to the Havannah,
laden with crockery and hardware, was wrecked on the
22d ult., at the entrance of Harbour Island. Crew and
part of cargo saved.
The western mail, just in, brings intelligence of the
sinking of the steam-boat Vermont, near St. Louis, with a
cargo of dry goods worth $200,000.
(From another Correspondent.)

Nsw Yoits, JAN. I.—Since the presentation to Con.
gress of the President's message, and the reports of the
departments, no definite action has taken place in that
body. Mr. Clay's resolution for the repeal of the Sub.
Treasui y is still pending in the Senate, but no other move-
ment has yet been made towards a national bank. Or, the
30th ult. Mr. Crittenden, of Kentucky, reported, from
the Judiciary Committee of the Senate, a Bill to establish
uniform bankrupt law throughout the United States. This
is substantially the same Bill which was passed by that
body at the last Session, and lost in the House. It was
made the Order of the Day for the 7th inst. No reason-
able doubt can now exist that a bankrupt law will be passed
during the present Session—that is, before March 4.
On the subject of our relations with Great Britain, a
resolution has been offered in the Senate, by Mr. Ruggles,
of Maine, calling on the President for the communication
of all correspondence that has passed in connection with
the north-eastern boundary. In the House a resolution
was adopted on the 21st ult., calling on the President for
information as to whit steps had been taken to procure
satisfaction for the burning of the Caroline.
A memorial has also been presented in the Senate by
Mr. Davis, of Massachusetts, from certain merchants of
Newburyport, in his State, in relation to the trade with
the British Colonies, asking a repeal of the law on which
the present arrangements of that trade are founded. He
moved its reference to the Committee on foreign relations.
Mr. Webster, also of Massachusetts (to be the Secretary
of State under Genera! Harrison's Administration) said
that the subject was one of the deepest importance, and
hoped it would receive the fullest investigation from the
Committee. He considered that many of our treaty ar-
rangements purporting to be founded on principles of re-
cipt ocity, had no such character; but are, on the contrary,
disadvantageous to American commerce, and highly be-
neficial to the English trade. Mr. Merrick (of Mary-
land) stated, as an illustration of the injurious effects
of this pretended reciprocity system, upon which the Go-
vernment had been acting, that some 50 or 60 American
vessels were formerly employed in the carrying trade of
tobacco between Baltimore and the Hanso Towns, and now
only six American vessels are thus engaged, with 40 or 50
foreign vessels. Mr. Calhoun (of South Carolina), said
that he had no idea we should be able to make a satisfactory
arrangement with Great Britain on this subject, hut was
in favour of sending the resolution to the committee. It
was finally referred to the committee on foreign relations.
Thus stand, at present, these important subjects—the
north-eastern boundary, the burning of the Caroline, and
the colonial trade. It is from the hope of being able to
effect an honourable and satisfactory adjustment of these
questions that Mr. Webster is induced to accept the Se-
cretaryship of State under General Harrison. He expects
to derive additional claims upon the gratitude and favour
of his countrymen by their equitable settlement.
Congress has also been occupied with the navy pension
fund, and the public lands ' • questions so exclusively of do.
mestic interest, that it is hardly worth while to introduce
them to your renders.
Of gossip there is little stirring: Power is in New
Orleans, playing to crowded houses. Brahatn's engage-
ment at the Park has proved a most disastrous failure;
some nights he has played to 100 dole., and on his benefit
he had but about 400 dols. in the house. The Woods
have been doing well in Boston. But to give you an idea
of the present encouragement for theatricals in this city,
it is only necessary to state that, on the night after Christ-
mas (Saturday), the entire audience of the Park Theatre,
at the time of raising the eurtain, consisted of one man in
the pit, and another in the boxes. Of course the per-
formances were closed.

NEW YORK MONEY MARKET—Dec. 31.
SALES AT THE STOCK EXCHANGE.
50 Shares United States Bank 64}
50 do. Delaware and Hudson s 4 months 83
Nu do. North American Trust Co 29i
60 do. Merchants' Banking Asso.
20 do. Bank State of New York
25 do. Mechanics' Banking Association B3}
10 do. Mohawk Railroad 64
50 do. Paterson Railroad
70 do. New Jersey Railroad
50 do. Stonington Railroad b next week 27i
100 do. Haarlem Railroad s 3 days 374
350 do. Long Island Railroad 551
12 do. Canton Co. Balt 24
There was a moderate business at the Board this morn-
ing, anti no very important alteration in prices. Stoning-
ton Railroad closed at an advance of ; Long Island Rail-
road of ; North American Trust Co , Paterson Rail-
road and Canton Co. of # per cent upon the final sales
quoted yesterday. Bank of State of NOW York declined
1, and United Mates Bank j per cent.

MORNING EDITION

STATE STOCKS.--$lO,OOO Indian a bonds were sold to-
day at 73.
'EWIANGE..--FOREIGN.—BiIIs on England, 8,1.; a F.
swipe of our city banks arc drawing at the latter price. .1
DOMESTIC% —53,000 on Philadelphia were sold thif
morning at 99.

COMMERCIAL NEWS AND MONEY MARKE',
Notwithstanding the publication in the Journal of Con'
merge in reletion to the United States Bank, that stock
kept up in New York better than might have been ea-
pected. In this city it left off at 6521 ; heavy exchange!
on England are quoted at 8,1 to premium, but rICI
brisk. Domestic are better ; between New York I.
this city 1 per cent. Money, however, is tight in tbt!
city—the natural result of the contractive policy of 110
banks prior to resuming. The Cotton Market is re-
markably quiet—partly owing to Christmas, and partly
to the small stock on hand for actual sale, as holder°
are not only firm, but in no hurry to sell ; and ex'
porters, on the other hand, deem present rates to°
high for shipment. The total sales last week in New
York did not exceed :1,200 bales. It may be further
added, that the demand by home manufactures is slog
and limited. The quotations are—Upland, 9c. to 101e.1
Mobile, 91e. to 11c. ; New Orleans, 9,-1,-c.-to 111 c. ; a",
Alabama, 91e. to 11c. Up to Saturday last, the total
export since October 1, 1839, was 143,888 bales ; saw
time last year, 163 811. The flour market is also without
animation ; and GCIIIICSSCC is steady at $4 94c. to $5.;
1,000 barrels of Michigan sold, for shipment to the nil'
tish provinces, at $4 871 c. ; best Georgetown $5 15c.,;
best Brandywine, $5 50c. ; but little or no Southern 1
selling just now. Freights to Liverpool, for Cotton, id'
tod., and Flour has been taken as low as Is. per barrel;
but a cargo was engaged for London last week at 21. At
New Orleans specie bears only from 1 to 2 per cent. pre'
mium; and Cotton is shippinq fast from that port. to
Liverpool ; indeed, business there seems remarkably bruit'
The late frosts, however, have seriously injured the sugar
crops in Louisiana.