The Sun.
London, England, 1840-02-18 00:00:00

about twenty shillings each, if diviLd amongst the
whole.
Suppoved case of a Living, returned in the c. Libcr 12,113"
at 500/. a year, but reduced to 100/ The account
would stand thus at the end of An incupab,:ney of tcn

UNITED STATES.

STEAM ENGINES AND STEAM NAVIGATION
IN THE UNITED. STATES OF AMERICA.
I have brfcre me a voluminens Congressional Rego ton
the subject of American steam power, which is filled with
fac:s, statistics, and calculations of the highest interest to
the promoters of sciecce and rapidity of travelling.
The first steam-boat succe•asfully used in the United
States, was ct,nstructed by Robert Fulton, in 1807. It
plied on the North (lludson) River, with an engine of
only 18-horse power, and made the passage between Al-
bany and New York (from 150 to 155 miles) in thirty-
three hours. Ilem enE,ine was manufactured in. England
by Boulton and Watt.
From that time to the bt.ginning of 1539, nearly 1.30
steam-boats have been built in this country. Of theso
there are—
Lost by reeijents .
Worn cut

years :
Ten ycari" income, at 1001. a year
Payment for first fruits
----for tenths, being 501. a year 450

Total amount, for ten years, for maintenance
of bishop or rector, being 51. a year 5O
He proceeded next to show how great was the difference
between ,he real first fruits and tenths, and the sum ac-
tually paid into Queen Ann's Bounty Fund, and he in-
stanced the living of Lambeth as an example. This ree
tory was returned in the " Liber Regis," on which the
first fruits and tenths were paid, as of the value of 391 a
year, the tenths being 3/ 4s. yearly ; bat the actual value,
as returned to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners by the
present rector, b .ing 2 2771., the arricut,t stood thus :
R..al amount of first fruits
------------ of tenths..

Now running BOO
Of 253 accidents authentically reported, the patticu.
lan arc—
Lives lost
Names of killed known
Wounded 443
Besides the above, acre have been killed up to the end
of Is3B, by locomotives and standing engines, 37 ; wonnded
by ditto, 98.
The los; of property by all the above accidents, is °JAl-
matcd at 6,000 000 dollars.
Number of steam-boats in the United States BOO
Number of Locomotives• 350
Number of Stationary Engines

£4,320 0
Sum paid as first fruits £32 0
--- as tenths: £3 4s. FC 9= 28 16

60 16

Difference in one living, during an incumbency
of ten years, to the disadvantage of the poor ---
clergy X4.959 4
This was by no means a singular or an exaggerated case,
they were extremely numerous, as he should show in the
observations that he should have to address to the House.
That IT as occasioned by the first fruits and tenths
being paid upon the valuation of Henry the Eighth,
which was not above the one-twentieth of the present value.
That valuation bad continued to be acted upon for so long
a period in consequence of the interpretation put upon a
clause in the Act of Queen Anne, which enacted that the
payment should be made at the same rate and in the same
proportion "as heretofore." But he contended, and he
could prove, that by " rates and proportions" was not meant
value, and an Act was passed in the lst of George 1., en-
abling the Bishops to revalue the livings, that the ben!fit
of the improved value should go to the poor clergy. That
Act bad been disregarded. It was clear to demonstration
that the Act of Anne could not mean that the valuation of
Henry the Eighth should be unalterable. If so, a living
that was reduced in value five times its original amount
must pay upon that original amount as well as one that
was advanced in value. The Hon. Member for Cam-
bridge had stated last Session that it would be injustice to
the clergy to compel them to pay mere than the original
valuation required. But it was the opinion of Lord Eldon,
on the other hand, that the Act of Queen Anne did not
exclude a new valuation. The Hon. Member was proceed..
ing to quote the opinion of an eminent lawyer lately de-
ce ised ( Mr. Agar) when

Total number of steam-engines
The aggregate tonnage of the steamboats of the United
States is 153,660, to which a trifling addition should be
made for a few returns not officially received.
In 183 S there were used of the United States steam-
b)ats

On the Eastern rivers and coasts of Atlantic and
G If of Mcxico 351
On the Lakes
••• 64
On the Western Riveis (Mississippi Valley) 285

Tho above as per return 7OO
The remaining 100 are classed :
Eastern Rivers, &c
Wes:ern ditto

800
Of these there are said to be :
High pressure 473
Low pressure ..
Not known 3B
—BOO
The high-pressure engines are chiefly used on the
western rivers, and popular opinion ascribes the nume-
rous and dreadful accidents that have occurred to that
circumstance, in conjunction with the daring and reckless
character of some of the Westarn captains, pilots, and en-
gineers. Very few accidents by explosion have occurred in
the Eastern State•.
Horse-power of United States steam-boats . 57,019
H. rse-power of locomotives and railroad engines
in the United S ates - 6,980
Horse...power of standing engines in the United
States
The accidents by steam.-boats are thus classed :
By explosion
By fii e 2B
••••
By shipwreck and collisions 25
By snags and sawyers (sunk,:n trees in the Mis,is-
sippi and other rivers)
Causes not returned will account for the balance.
Chronicle.

An }lox. MEstarta said that as this was an important
question, it ought not to be discussed in so thin a House ;
he would therefore move that the House be counted.
Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, and there
being but thirty.six Members present, the Speaker left
the Chair, and the House adjourned till Two o'Clock to-
morrow (this day).

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY. FEERARV 18, 1840

POLICE INTELLIGENCE,

MANSION-HOUSE.

A young woman, named Ann Coned!, was brought be-
fore the LORD MAYOR, in consequence of Laving le: n
found in the streets in a state of destitution.
Mr. D. W. Harvey, the City Police Commissioner, at-
tended on the occasion, for the purpose of coming to en
understanding with the Magistracy and the Bjards of
Guardians of the City of London, on a subject of consider-
able importance as regards the disposal of poor persons
found in a helpless condition in the streets.
Inspector M'Laren stated that the poor girl was brought
to Lim at the station-house at three o'clock on Sunday
morning, in a state of destitution. According to the
directions given to him by the City Commissioner, he im-
ineiiately sent her, accompanied by a policeman, to the
Relieving Officer of the City, who refused to give her
relief, and she was consequently brought back to the sta.
ti in-house, where she remained until the time arrived for
bringing her before his Lordship.
The LORD Mavoa—lt is not to be expected that the
Relieving Officer, whose time is occupied during the whole
day with cases of distress, should sit up all night.
The COMMISSONER said it was an important question of
law and of humanity, whether a person found in an evi-
dently destitute condition, and against whom there was no
charge of any kind, should he taken to the Compter, or to
a place appointed for the distribution of parochial relief.
He found upon entering upon his office that an order had
been issued by the late Lord Mayor, that no case of des-
titutiOn should be taken to the Relieving Officer after 11
o'clock at night, but that all cases of the kind after that
hoer should be brought to the station-house. Now be
had issued directions to the police to quite an opposite
effect, for he considered it alike contrary to law and to
humanity to send a person who was merely destitute
to a place appointed for those who were charged
with criminal offences. In the present case the
Relieving Officer bad refused to give assistance, and it
was of great importance,that the question should be finally
settled and perfectly understood. The case had nothing
extraordinary about it, and it was not brought forward in
the shape of a complaint against the Relieving Officer,
but solely for the :purpose of ultimate arrangement. A
case of a serious hind might have occurred, however,
such as that of Caroline Owen, who had been refused ae-
sistance by the Relieving Officer of the Borough on Friday,
although in an advanced state of pregnancy, and had been
taken to the Compter, where her child might have been
born in a cradle of crime in the very teeth of the law, and
of common humanity. In the case be just alluded to,
he had directed a policeman to insist that the Relieving
Officer should do his duty, and take care of the woman,
and upon all occasions he should pursue the same course.
At the same time that he had given such directions to the
police, he had ordered that a person found a second time
in the streets in a state of destitution, should be treated as
a vagrant.
The LORD MAYOR--Your object, then, is to have a re-
lieving officer stay up all night, in order to be ready to re-
lieve any case of destitution?

The oomairsstowan—Certainly. Of course it cannot
be expected that the relieving officer of the day could per-
form the night duty; but the law must be obeyed what.
ever the additional number of relieving officers may be.
Mr. THWAITES, the relieving officer, said it was certainly
most important that the question should be set at rest ;
and he was glad that the Commissioner had come forward,
and to prevent all future liability to mistake, it was a
matter of great public notoriety that . the last Lord
Mayor had directed the policemen to take any
destitute persons they might find after eleven o'clock at
night to the station. house, and not to the relieving over-
seer, and that n egulation led to groat benefit, for the cases
were necessarily brought before the magistrate. The late
Lord Mayor proceeded resolutely to work against the in-
jurious system adopted by other Unions, of sending the
pour, like flacks of sheep, to the city of London—a system,
of the nature of which some idea might be formed, when
be said that upwards of 2,000 persons, who had no con-
nexion whatever with the City, had received relief from the
City of London Union in one year. Of late, the numbf r
of casual poor found in the City was quite inconsiderable,
but the evil would probably be still in existence if it bad
not been for the exposures which bad been made before the
Lord Mayor. He begged to say that the project
of taking destitute Tenons found after eleven o'clock
at night in the streets appeared to him to be excel-
lent. In the case of Caroline Owen, whose case
had appeared in the papers of Saturday, be had himself
taken that female to the Borough Union, the relieving
officer of which peremptorily refused to admit her. He,
however, followed the matter up, and having represented
the cue to Mr. leiiiher, an overseer of well-known humanity,
the poor woman was relieved aad protected by his instru-
mentality. _

The LORD MAYOR admitted that the utility of pubEe
representations of what took place in all matters connected
with the poor was indisputable.
Mr. HOBLER did not know what would become of the
poor if it were not for the benevolent press of the country.
The Commi3sioncr said that he could not for a moment
think of punishing 'poor persons by sending them to a
prison.

- Mr. TIMAITES —lf Caroline Owen had not been per-
teeted by the police she might have perished in the streets.
Tim COMMISSIONER—It is to prevent such occurrences
I come here. That poverty is no crime is my point, ai.d
I shall 'not countenance the punishment of it. Ile
Guardians must get persons to do the night business.
Mr. TIIWAITES_ The Guardians have deprived the
overseers of the lamp they used to burn, upon the
ground that, as there was no night business, there was no
necessity for light. There is another thing to be said as
to the accommodation of destitute persons who are found
at late hours: we have no workhouse or poorhouse nearer
than Peckham in which they can be placed.
The COMMISSIONER—There are places to be found in
the City with great ease, in which the few who the re-
lieving overseer says are in the habit of now needing relief
at night can be accommodated. They cannot go to the
station-house. There should be an arrangement be-
tween the two City Unions on the subject. The Guard-
ians of one of them complain to me that, as they have a
rece;ving-house for the poor, they are overwhelmed by ap-
plications, on account of the fact that the sister union has
no house of the kind. All I can say is, that mere po-
verty ought not to be dealt with as crime, and certainly
shall not by me.
Mr. H end, of Cheapside, and Mr. Greenlaw, two of the
Guardians, here stood fol'ward and stated that they were
satisfied that the Commissioner had taken a most correct
view of the question, and that they would at the next meet-
ing represent the matter to the Board of Guardians, and
arvoseate the appointment of a night overseer, as it
was quite impossible that the two day overseers, who had
the business of 93 parishes to attend to, could perform
night duty also. They also said they would recommend
that a house should be opened for the relief of the casual
poor at night.

The LORD MAYOR said the Commissioners expressed
themselves satisfied at the very prompt manner in which
the Guardians had stated their willingness to accom-
plish the desired object.
Mr. BAND said that he might perhaps on this occasion be
permitted to call the Lord Mayor's attention to a calamity
which had befallen a poor family on the wedding day of her
Majesty. As a poor fellow named Spencer, 'Wm had a
wife and three children, was employed in plastering a house
in the Poultry, on that day of public rejoicing, his foot
slipped, and he fell from the top to the pavement, and was
killed up,:n the spot. The widow, who had now not only
to provide for her three children, but was in a state of
pregnancy, was a women to the excellence of whose cha-
racter numbers could testify, and she thought that if the
Lord Mayor would interest himself for her she might get
on without taking parochial relief.
The LORD MAYOR, with gi eat good nature, said, that be
should feel much pleasure in receiving contributions for the
poor family, and he had no doubt that if the case met the
eye of the Queen, her Most Gracious Majesty would feel
for the poor widow. •

BOW-STI?BET.
William Green, George Smith, Anne Wallace, and
Mary Wallace, inhabitants of Rat's Castle, St. Giles's,
were charged by Serjear.t Pocock with coining.
The prisone!s- were apprehended on Saturday, and as
the officers entered they found the gthset on the fire with
a quantity of metal in it, preparatory to its being made to
represent the current coin of the realm; and although
they also discovered several articles which induced them
to conclude that the prisoners carried on a flourishing trade,
they failed in finding any mould to work the metal in.
Mr. Powell, the solicitor of the Mint, and Mr. Field,
the examiner of coins, were in attendance; but, as the
case stood, they were usable to offer any evidence, and the
prisoners were ordered to be discharged.
ll'm. Bailer, an errand boy aged 16, was charged with
st,.aling a shilling under the following eircurnstance3.
Mr. Rawlis, a currier, 133 Drury Lane, in whose service
the prisoner was, stated that his family was in the habit of
subscribing to the relief of a poor relation who resided in
Camden-town, which was usually sent to her by the hands
of the prisoner every week. About three weeks back, on
receiving her allowance, she was surprised to find, that
three of the shillings were counterfeit, and on her men-
tioning the circumstance to witness, he marked all the sil-
ver he had to send, in the presence of his brother, which
he delivered to the prisoner. On receiving the money last
Saturday, she saw, as it bad been agreed upon, that four of
the shillings had been marked, but the remaining one, which
was a counterfeit, had not been marked, and upon information
being given to witness, he searched the prisoner, and
found the marked shilling in his pocket. He was then
questioned how he came by such a quantity of base coin,
and he acknowledged that he had not Qnly been guilty of
substituting the three counterfeit shillings, but also the one
in question, all of which he had purchased, with several
others, from the prisoners who had just been discharged.
Mr. Powell requested that the prisoner might be re-
manded to a future day.
Mr. flat.r. said that the case was quite clear, as far as
the evidence went, and as he should be sent before a Jury,
he would order the prisoner to be remanded for a week.
Mr. Field remarked that the counterfeit shillings which
were found upon the first prisoners had been cast in the
same description of mould as those which had been passed
by the prisoner charged with the robbery.

Count Sebastiani reached Paris on Thursday
afternoon ; it is said he is likely to get the Marshal's baton ren-
dered vacant by the death of Marshal Maisons