The Sun.
London, England, 1840-07-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, JULY- 14. 1840.

among them the poor, defenceless, Republic of
Cracow.

To protest, then, against the occupation of Cra-
cow, and against the unmerited do. nfal of Poland,
is really all that M. TRIERS and Lord PALMER..
STON can do,. without adopting measures likely to
produce a. war with Russia. The fault of the oc-
cupation, however much it is to be deplored, is not
theirs. It is a consequence of the Tory and
Bourbon Treaty of Vienna. We likewise agree
with M. THIERS that objurgation detracts from the
dignity of a great nation, and that when it is re•
solved only to employ words it is the better course,
after protesting against the violence, to remain
silent. But, surely, in such a cause, something
more is demanded by justice—by a regard for the
liberties of Europe—by national interest, to look to
no higher motive, from the liberal Governments of
France and England ? Strong as the Treaty
of Vienna has made the hands of Russia,
the Governments of France and England are
powerful enough yet to compel the fuifilment of its
articles to the very letter by the Cabinet of St.
Petersburgh. But why, now that Russia, Prussia,
and Austria have openly violated the treaty of
Vienna, not join in discarding altogether such of
its provisions as place the liberties of the Craco-
vians under their baneful protection ? Why not
evoke once more the mighty spirit of vet slumber-
ing Poland, and erect an impassible barrier bAwc en
Russia and Western Europe ? This is not so
difficult of accomplishment as may at first appear.
England and France have but to countenance a
rising in Poland to the extent they did the cause of
freedom in Portugal, Belgium, and Spain, and the
power of Russia in that kingdom will disappear like
the whiteness of a flake of snow dropped into a
mountain torrent. Prmsia and Austria would not
dare openly to interfere for their own sakes ; and
were the Poles triumphant they would readily unite
with France and England in the establishment of
an independent, hereditary, constitutional throne
in Poland.

We repeat our conviction, that while the Tories
and the Bourbons are responsible for the downfal
of Poland and of C►acow, the liberation of both
may yet 'be accomplished without an European
war. Russsia would certainly not make war on
England and France for recognising the right
of a people to insist upon that independence for
which they themselves are joint guarantees ; and
were the Emperor mad enough to rush into such a
contest, he would find no ally in the monarchs of
Prussia or Austria, who would find plenty to do
to prevent the flames of insurrectieu fro:n spreading
among their own subjects.

We are obliged to Sir STRATFO':.D CANNING, and
we think so ought the Government, for bringing the
question of the violation of the independence of Cracow
so opportun, ly before the House of Commons. Tbongh
no resolution has been proposed, no particular official
course recommended by the Right Flon. Baronet, or
the Right Hon., tly! Member fur Talnworth, and
:although the Noble Foreign Secretary declined to state
the exact line of conduct which the Government pro-
posed to pursue upon this question, it is nevertheless of
the utmost importance that the joint condemnation of
the occupation of Cracow on the part of the three
Powt rs by the Governments and L gidative Assenifilics
of France and England, should go forth together to the
woal. It will be some consolation ..to the oppressed
Cracovians and Poles to know in the mitht of tacir un-
merited afflictions that the sympathies of the British and
French Governments and people are with them—that
the hour is looked forward to with anxiety evon by the
Cabinets of Western Europe when a helping hand can
be stretched forth to assist them in breaking their chains.
We yesterday quoted the strong expressions of M.
THIERS. The. language of Lord PALMERSTON IS
equally explicit:—

He could assure the House he took a lively interest in
all that concerned the unhappy population of Cracow and
Poland. It was impossible that any person standing •in
that House should not feel and express great sympathy
with the calamities which war had inflicted on that unfor-
tunate people.—( Hear, hear.) He could also assure the
House that any occasion in which the Government of
England—and he was sure in speaking for themselves he
might speak for those who might succeed them—could, by
the exercise of the influence of this country, mitigate the
faie of those whose misfortunes they so deeply lamented. that
opportunity would be taken advantage of ; and he could also
greatest
themselves dissoitfiosnuci
such
hasesrursit;esHtyo,:speretsheantt thereadvisers a 3
to the
vail
opportunity.
it is impossible for a Minister not prepared to recom-
a
mend the entering upon immediate hostilities to express
a stronger sympathy for an 6ppre,sed people, In
palliation of the guilt of the protecting powers, the
Noble Lord cited the alarm created among them by
the revolt of 1131giutn, the revolution of France, and the
downfall of despotism in Portugal and Spain. We do
net see the sound discretion of Noble Foreign Se-
cretary, in choosing to make himself responsible for the
blunders of the UASTLEREAGHS, the VANSITTARTS,
the BATHUP.STS, the AIELVILLES, anti the ELDONS who
were officially parties to, and responsible for the Treaty
of Vienna. By that Treaty Cracow was declared tree,
but where was the seimrity for the maintenance of its
freedom? IVnat prevented Lord PALMERSTON from
telling Sir STRATFORD CANNING and the House of
Commons that to the stupid incapacity of Lord CAS-
TLERLAGH was to he attributed the annihilation of
Poland as an independent kingdom, and the occupation
by Russia and Austria of the Republic of Cracow ?
When Lord CASTLEREAGH) as a climax to the ridicu-
lousness of his diplomatic pretensions, consented to
make over Finland and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw to
Russia ; to establish the power of Austiia in Italy -
mid to give halt of S.xony to Prussia, was it not made
obvious to the whole world that Cracow could not exist
an independent state under the guardianship of 'the
powers profiting by such unjust partitions ? By an-
nexing the Grand Duchy of Warsaw to R'tasia the
Congress established the paramount it.fluence of the
CZAR in the very heart of Germany, arid completely
destroyed the balance essential to the future repose of
the world. From that instant Cracow existed more by
zufferance than by any right which a mere parchment
treaty could secure to her. By the scheme of partition
so extensively acted upon by
the Alli d Sovereigns,
and re:.ognized by the only power that profited nothing
by her conquests, that is to say Great Britain, the prin-
ciple ol'another partition whenever desirable was in fact
declared to be a fundamental part of the public law of
Europe. As to the inclinations of the people they were
no more consulted than those of a herd of builocks
fattened fur the slaughter-house. They were parcelled
out by the million, and transferred from the elle iance
of one Sovereign to another, with the most lofty con-
tempt for their opinions upon the subject of such trans-
fer. They were in the eyes of Kings what fatted calves
are in the estimation .of farmers and butchers—nothing
more.

We shall not here dwell upon the commercial inte-
rests sacrificed by the violation of the independence of
Cracow, because .ve maintain that such an event ought
to occasion no surprise in any quarter. The real won-
der would have been, in our opinion, to witness Cracow
free, although placed in the jaws of the triple headed
monster that had previously devoured Poland. .To
early the irritation in the public mind of England
and France we think it not only possible, ..u., t
very probable, that the Austrian garrison will be
withdrawn from Cracow—that England will be invited
to send a political and commercial agent to reside there
—and that the three Powers will issue a joint mani-
festo, setting forth that the disturbances in Cracow
being at an end, and being always actuated by the most
sincere regard for maintaining the faith of Treaties,
their Imperial and Royal MAJESTIES, protectors of the
independence of the Republic, have voluntarily resigned
the functions which, in order to maintain the general
and yet not
peace, they felt bound in the spirit of the Treaty of
vb,eeryfrseheowrtitthimoue:
Vienna temporarily to assume. All this ma), and pro-
land to the rank of an independent. bAbly will, ;
changein
Cracow cannot'tl taketie restorationil ace'
0 f Po"
least our opinion upon the question.
only cure for what all parties in England and in France
ndent State. This is the I
----- admit to be a political and commercial evil of the
magnitude.

COW
first

In the Paris Journals of Sunday -Re find but little
that can interest an English render. The recal of Ad-
miral BAUDIN, and the ointment of ,Imiral
MACKAU, mentioned :nT appointment is
he
Sun of yesterday, is offi-
cially announced in the Moniteur.
The trial of Madame LArAvGE (grand•daughter of
PHILIPPE EGALITE, father of King LOUIS PHILIPPE
and Madame DL GENUS his MAJESTY'S governess,
for whom he himself profeLes in his Journal to have en-
tertained when a
youth a strong, Platonic affection) for
the murder of her husband, and the robbery et her
friends of a quantity of diamonds, is exciting a lively
Interest in Paris. The trial commenced on the 9th,
but was arrested at the outset by a legal objection,
which the Judges were to determine on Saturday. It
was expected to occupy the Court for several days.
The latest accounts from Madrid arc of the .sth inst.
They contain no ri,r.vs of the sllghtt.st interest. CA-
BREItA reached Paris on Saturday afternoon, but no
parson was allowed to see bin). Mr FECTOR, MP. is
in Paris, assisting the Carlist I-LE:gees.
The Order in Council issued by the English Govern-
ment in the month of April, and which orders the capture
not only. of ships and property belonging to the Emperor
a Cams and his subjects, but even of those belonging to
any person whatsoever inhatiting the territory of China,
naturally caused, as may will be supposed, a great sensa-
.tion at Lisbon, for this Order very seriously threatens the
iienha
aribanaintgftrs of
om theAaolaeLis.bonWe are,
journd hlst,teir,ef
atozi., notco risstuaAirid
rlciaerhait,
a member of the Sanate, has ques:iontd the .\1 ni.,...tcr cf
Foreign Affairs on this subject. The answer of the
mister was, that the Cabinet was considering the Order in