The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-07 00:00:00

LEADERS. _
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SC. V.
SIR,—You must have observed that' the chartis.
leaders and lecturers are every where in motion, itp,:et-'
ting the free trade meetings wherever they can. W 7 iv
pays their expenses? is a question asked every where.
observed at the Sheffield meeting on Monday, .a man
named-Bairstow,- who was-brought there from a distance.
He was accused of being hired, and.he told the meeting
that he was paid by " the suffering working men." Orr
Wednesday morning, at ten o'cloCk, I saw the same per-
son on the hustings, at the great open air meeting in this
town. He proposed to movean aulendnient, Which was
written in a small book, which he showed to the Chair-
man; and I observed that it was condemnatory of the
Corn-law, but at the same time expressing a want of
confidence in the Whigs—there was nothing about the
Charter. The meeting would not allow him to speak.
Now, Sir, let me ask, through your paper, who are " the
suffering working men," that paid him for coming to
Manchester? Will he name the Society, Chairman, or
Secretary of working men who supplied him with the ..
money to come to Manchester, to try to overturn a meet-
ing called by 5,000 requisitionists, all working men, to pro-
test in favour of " the total, immediate, and uncondi-
tional repeal of the Corn-laws." Mr. Charles Wilkins,
the Tory barrister, who brought Nightingale to Walsall,
was at Bairstow's elbow on the platform; and it is known
that this gentleman cashed a. check the day before, for
150/., drawn by the Duke of Buckingham on Jones and
Loyds' Bank.—l am,. Sir, &e.
A WORKING CORN-LAW REPEALER.
Manchester, June 3, 1841.

• TO THE EDITOR OF THE SCE:
Sheffield, June 3, 1841.
SIR,—By inserting the following in yotir valuable
Journal you will much oblige, yours,
A CONSTANT READER.'

MEN OF ENGLAND,—A general election is at hand,
and it is the line of conduct which you pursue at this
momentous crisis that must determine the destiny of
yourselves and your children's children. We have been
advised by agents of the Tories (under the name of
Chartists) to return at the
,flext election Chartistsif we
can, but, where we cannot4ive must'•send Tories ; that
is to say, we, must either return men (which they know
we cannot) who will give us every item bf our demand,
or accept for our representatives those who will .give us
nothing, and rob us into the bargain. But, I ask, because
we cannot have men who will give us the Charter, are we
to despise the advocates for household suffrage and free
trade, or the opponents of religions tvranity ? Yes ; ac 7
cording to the organ of the Tory Chartists, we are to
press to our bosoms men who tell us we are ignorant, 7
and not fit for the franchise ; we are to adopt as our
representatives those who admire Church• rates, qithes, •
Easter Dues—men who love taxation, monopoly, and
war, and hate the idea of the'people having cheap food,
cheap government, and equal rights. We are to smile
upon and cajole the men who would, had they been in
power, have hung Frost, Williams, and Jones, and sent ,
the Lovetts, Collinses, and Vincents to Botany Bay ;
but perhaps those who are their paid tools _might have
staid at home. And will the working men of England
follow this advice ? will they be the dupes of Men..who
denounce Hume, Colonel Thompson, Mr. Place, and Mr.
Roebuck as turncoats, and who have slandered and, abused
Lovett, Collins, Burns, and a host of real patriots, for
daring to think for themselves. No ; 'take not the ad
vice of men who are paid to barter your freedom, but
choose those men for your representatives whose prind-
ples and opinions approach nearest those of your own.
I remain yours,
A real Chartist and staunch Corn-law Repealer,
and an admirer of Hume, Colonel Thompson,.
Roebuck, Collins, Mr. Place, Duncombe, Lovett,
Leader, Burns, and not the Tory clique who
are gulling the people at the, Sorthern iStar
Office, Leeds.

ON THE TRADE BETWEEN • -
RUSSIA AND CHINA.
(From an article,- dated St. Petersburgh, in the Alige-.
meine Zeitung.)
This trade is based on a mere interchange of uns.res
speetive national . productions. On the -, part of tlit:
Chinese, it consists chiefly in the barter of
.tea for va-
rious kinds of Russian produce and manufactured anis
cles. In the regular course the traffic commences be-
tween the dealers of the two nations in January, and'
concludes in March, during which period the Itussians
obtain about 80,000 chests of different sorts of tea,
about one-half of which is destined for the annual July
fair of Nislmi-Novogotod, and the remainder is conveyed
toMoscow, and other towns of the interior. This barterfornrs.
one of the principal branches of Russian industry, and has
a very beneficial influence on other commercial operations.
The traffic is always active and flourishing, for there is
constantly, a great demand for the .tea imported by the
way of Kiachta, and many Russian products not much
in request in the home market, are disposed of in large
quantities to the Chinese. The transport of the re-
spective articles is very difficult, and, in consequence
of the great distance they are conveyed; a • long period,
mast necessarily elapse before they reach their destina-
tion. The transport gives employment on the Russian
side to the population of 5,000 versts of country,
for such is the extent , of the distance between
Perm, the most eastern !town of European Russia,
and Kiachta, the extreme • eastern point of Asiatic.
Russia. To this population .the),<,trade affords not
only a sufficient subsistence, init:eva a considerable
surplus gain. The Russian manufapterk chiefly in re-
quest by the Chinese are woollen stuffs and Llo.hs, suek
as ladies' cloths, Dutch camlets, &c The manufactory
of the Counsellor Alexandrov;in Moscow, produces these
articles in the quality and fcrm beSt suited to the fences-
' tic taste of the Chinese. Next in order may be men-
tioned Rubnikov and Son, the brothers Babkin, and Bob-
rohtov-Maikov, also of Moscow, as the most success-
ful manufacturers for the Chinese market. They have
distinguished themselves by.the strange forms and fashion
they give to the articles, the produce in pieces of from 2!) to
40 arshins, and of different prices according to the qua-
lity. Last year4o,ooo pieces of Russian cloth were sent to
Kiachta. The other goods in request are plush, stuffs,
leather wares, particularly the favourite leather of Casan,
and peltry, more particularly the lambskins of the
Ukraine. . All these articles are exchanged for tea; large
capitals are therefore employed in carrying on this trade.
Thq value of the Russian merchandise sent last year to
Kiachte exceeded 24 000,000 rubles.. The quantity of
tea imported amounted to 80,000 chests, of which 35,000
were of the finest sorts, the remaining 45,000 being
of inferior quality. There are about thirty different
species of tea. Of the green, which is distinguished
from all the others in form and taste, only from 100
to 200 chests are imported.
,There is a very remark-
able kind called tile tea, the leaf of which resembles
a tile in form, and has also much solidity. It is pre-
pared in quite a different manner from common tea,
being stewed with milk, butter, salt, and herbs, and
served up as a dish. It is accordingly rather an article
of food than a beverage. The Russians do not use it
themselves, but sell it to the Armenians and Tartars;
who distribute it to the Caucasian provinces and Eastern
Siberia. The Calmucks, Kirgheses, and Bursae con-
sume the greater part of it. Besides tea the Chinese
bring other articles to Kiachta, the chief of which are
satin, grape, pipes, toys, cakes of ink, and colours ; but
the value of these does not amount altogether to 30,000
rubles banco.
Before the Russians, the greater number of .whom
remain only a short time at Kiachta, offer to bar-
ter they meet and draw up in common a price cur-
rent, to which they strictly adhere. It saves theni
much trouble in their dealings. The Chinese
appear far more eager to get off their tea than
the. Russians are to exchange their manufactures. • The
former have seldom anything left at the close of the
Market, whereas the Russians often hold back consider-
able stocks. After the Russo-American Company. which
has a great share in this trade, the most considerable
Russian importers of tea are the Kolessovs, Lobkovs, and
five other mercantile houses in Moscow, Bassin in,
Kiachta, and Medvednikov in Irkutsk. The great ad-
vantages of this trade, not only to the Russian mer-
chants engaged in it, but to the inhabitants of the inter-
mediate route of transport, was rendered strikingly evi-
dent by the failure of the harvest and consequei it dearth
in 1838-9. The employment then afforded by thisoctraffic
ps•oved a great relief to the poor people of -t
triew. It may, therefore, be looked upon as t_tcvi
ost
beneficial branch of Russian commerce ;
siderable funds are required for its d,ettir'e ppinicauttap,
have hitherto been at the command of s but
te:sa
of the same
The little town of Kiiiehts, on the rivertheChinese
name, distant only three versts
of Kiachta are.
All the wants of the intidabititao
town
racks as a free
sup-
plied by their trade, and valage
the
every kind of smug-
Mr;madshin, is two and a halnlftsvroemrsts in circumference.
port. In order, however,..
and nothing imported
by the officers of th
tion. As stations for mer-
or exported escapes ins coon.
market.
places and ware-
gling, the strictest
cat:tile deposits must
_lo-igilanoosctpoemiss, observed day and. night
swheisethi:
for great stores of goods,
have not sufficient space
market-place is about to be con-
an elegant new of
ehich 1,072,000 rubles
zatrechnuitecicht,
structed, for the expense
houses, and as these of. Kiachta, are decayed, and
are destined, in
are large and spa.
mate. The mercnhashne.d,
has cost 400,000 rubles. The
though not yet ti
!Which are en
houses,
and have a handsome appearance. During
acelso"bithildtihneg
cious with: ,11
aster in the u;ititer months the surplus
the period of
not be accornniodated without difficulty,
acetosidaraen
population can not
therefore verysdear. The ordinary re-
and lodgings a! • not exceed 400 of .both sexes.
sident population
Kiachta has fourteen n,
erchants of the first' guild,
tirely of wood,
but
.
axed residences in the places
on i SeVCn of them have h.
Qhe ot',-ers who reside in En."°Pel Russia, employ fac-
tors, and,.
only visit Kiachta °et.,
asionally. A school for
instruction in the Chinese langlia,
was established in
W. The young men taught in it PA: 11 be employed as
interpreters. In 1840 the first seven u'el:e dismissed,
having completed their studies. The numbe."fi. t present
in the college is fourteen.

WONDERS OF STEAM.--Two E,,entiemek.l left
Prussels at three o'clock in the afternoon of Friday, and art
in Liverpool at a quarter before seven F. 1.1. on Saturda,
a riistaneo of 430 mites, performed in the short 'pace of 2h
hours. The whole of the journey was performed by steam.
'I he travellers left Brussels by railway on Friday ifternooik,
arrived at a tend in time tor the p.eket, were landed at
BlatY-
wall, prcwoeded from thence to London by the talway, and jag
caught the train from London 'to Liverpool as it Ras starting.
BRUSSELS, JUNE 2.—This morning at nine.
o'cicck, her Royal Highness the Ducheai of
.Kent, the Prince
of 11,einingen, and her Suite, 1, ft the.. Palate Of 'Laeketi, tint
prOceeded by the railroad to Leige, from.. which city theY4ill
go to Germany, and after a short stay at Gotha, will visit the
baths of Wiesbaden. The Duche's of Kent will pars a
days at Brussels on her return to Ehglamt. .
RESIGNATION OF ANDREW
esETeeinsti.,.
MEMBER FOR SUIDERLAND.-04t advertisTig 1
this week anuounts the intention of our highly e7pooted."4l3l'
ladttl.r4PrpeVroresciehainl'airti.diTe;rlltt'oion'atfr himself for -
Stogies
land Hefei. : • • - . • r • •