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London, England, 1847-12-03 00:00:00

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i'LLE WEATHER.-61324 OFFICE, DEC. 3.
THERM /METER, Lowest, 50; Highest. 55 ; Noon. 53.
BAROMETER, 30.12.—W1ND S.W.; rain.

111,11 WATER AT LONDON-BRII)GE THIS DAY.
Atornln/.. 42 miitutes after 10 I Evening .. 14 litrinces ..Re, 11.

House of Commons. It is, perhaps, as well
that it should be so; we have already shown
how utterly absurd is the expectation
that any real results can proceed from the investiga-
tions of that Committee. The abortive proceedings
of the former Committee of 1840.41, and the ridi-
culous result of the inquiries instituted, indicate too
plainly the too probable—we may almost say the
certain—result of the labours of those now about to
be appointed. But it will remove the veil from the
sight of many who might otherwise be hoodwinked
by the speciousness of the proposition, and induced to
abstain from agitating the subject, on the ground that
it would not be proper that any proposition on the
subject should be submitted to the Legislature while
the investigations of the Committee were carried on
and before they had made their report to the House:
We again desire to impress upon the minds of the
opponents of the present system, both in and out of
Parliament, that postponement of their exertions
under any pretext whatsoever must be fatal to their
hopes, at least until another panic of increased in-
tensity—another period of universal deprecia-
tion of every description of property, when
the manufacturing, mercantile, and trading
interests are brought to the very verge
of bankruptcy, and the labouring classes, driven from
employment, shall again arouse the people from their
apathy, and make all classes join with cordial una-
nimity against the atrocious laws that are the true
source and origin of all their misfortunes. We trust
that the day may be far distant when these things shall
happen, but come most assuredly it will ;
and still more fearful than anything we have yet wit-
nessed will be the evils then to be encountered, if
the pernicious system is to be maintained in unabated
force, if, to use the words of the bullionists, " the
integrity of the standard is to be preserved." Lord
ASHBURTON last night announced that " he should
hold himself at liberty to propose any measure
he might think necessary without waiting for
the Committee." Such should likewise be the
conduct of those opposed, not only to the law
of 1844, but also to that of 1819. It is manifest that
they have nothing to hope for from the Government
on the point, at least until the voice of the nation has
been uplifted, and the people's advocates in the Le-
gislature have demanded a free trade ingold:as well as
in every other species of commodity.
Much ingenuity has hitherto been exhibited in di-
verting the attention of the House from the real point
at issue, bat come it must before the conclusion of
the debate. The opponents of a gold law require a
VILLIERS or a COBDEN, who will not be deterred by
ridicule from bringing the subject prominently for-
ward, and forcing on a discussion ; there is no lack
of men of sound views, but a recognised leader as yet
is wanting, who will undertake the control and di-
rection of the Parliamentary warfare.

From the extraordinary particulars of the increase
of the mortality throughout the metropolis, to which
we alluded in our impression of yesterday, it will be
seen that the necessity for sanitary enactments is
becoming daily more and more importunate. The
prevalence of contagious and epidemic diseases
during; weather of such unseasonable mildness—the
remarkable ,lack of employment among the opera-
tives of our manufacturing districts—with an insuffi-
cient supply of provisions, and with a prospect which
is perpetually appearing more inevitable of the ulti-
mate arrival of the Asiatic Cholera—render it im-
probable that of itself this necessity will wear away
and disappear. It is an evil too enormous, and ori-
ginating in too many sources of destruction, not to
require the active and authoritative interposition of
the Legislature. Nothing, indeed, can be anticipated
of an ameliorative character, excepting it be from the
executive and administrative. Private enterprise or local
munificence have proved, in a variety of most con
elusive instances, the inadequacy of any interference
less comprehensive than that of the Government.
And although there are but few opportunities for the
Administration to bring its schemes of improvement
before Parliament between this and the Christmas
holidays—now that Sir JOHN PAKINGTON'S motion
has been so decisively negatived without a division-
- must, with all the anxieties of death and physical
suffering multiplied in the community and propagated
by the filthy practices of the municipal population, await
in patience, we presume, the leisure of our hereditary
and representative Legislators. It is a difficult virtu'
to demand of a people—this of patience—when their
natural instincts clamour to them for instant changs
and activity. It is a short• sighted policy—this of
procrastination—which leads the two Houses at
Westminster into so many frivolous delays merely
for the gratification of a Parliamentary punctilio.
Economy is one of the principal inducements tt
a regular system of sanitary improvement. Perhaps
it is because these measures are of so peculiarly eco-
nomic a descriptio❑ that the Parliament will be
ulteriorly induced to give them a fair and deliberate
consideration. The thought, that by the preservation
of the public health the manual labour of the work-
ing classes will be completed with greater skill
energy, and precision, may even appease those
cravings for the retention of a little petty authority
among the parochial boards and municipal corpora
tions. The saving which must be effected by a pro
per plan of intermural drainage and by a proper
application of the deodorising and disinfecting fluid,
may in like manner satisfy the agricultural part of
the community as to the advisability of such a rational
arrangement. That the scheme is regarded with
unbounded admiration by the thousands who live in
the squalor of our rookeries, and in the densely
inhabited quarters of our more populous towns and
cities, it is impossible to doubt for an instant. Is it
probable indeed that the multitude should recoil from
the offer of better ventilation, better sewerage, better
supplies of water, less noxious vapours, less chance of
the putrid exhalations of churchyards, of the pungent
stench reeking from open cesspools, and of the sicken-
ing smells of putrefaction rising from the doors and
windows of adjacent slaughterhouses 1 It is folly
to insist upon the partiality of the poor for dirt
and contamination. Nature has implanted in the
heart of every living thing a love of order and clean-
liness. And it is this which is perceptible in the
animal and vegetable kingdoms alike ; it is this spon-
taneous tendency which makes the tree shed its de-
caying leaves in autumn, which causes the sparrow
to plume itself with its bill in the morning, and
which periodically relieves the lobster of its shell.
Nature does not abhor a vacuum more than she does
refuse of any description. And, in the beautiful or-
ganization of her machinery, what is refuse to one
portion of it is to another a means of nourishment
and development. It is only, therefore, by allowing
this refuse to accumulate in such a manner that it
cannot by possibility be employed to its intended
purpose that instead of acting beneficially, it affects
everything in the most pernicious manner imaginable.
Agricultural manure, for example, might be collected
not merely from the drainage of our cities, but from
the very cleansing of their streets ; and instead of
poisoning the waters of the Thames by rendering
them the receptacle for all kinds of rubbish and pu-
trescent matter, we might, with the very cause of so
much discomfort and sickness, enrich our meadows,
and by enriching our meadows increase our harvests.

In addition to the different inducements already
enumerated, which are held out by sanitary reform
to different classes, it is maintained by the honorary
secretary of the Health of Towns' Association, that
the claims of the sanitary question are most peculiar
on the directors of life assurance societies. This can-
not assuredly require any very detailed explanation. It
stands to reason that those societies which are the must
singularly interested in the prolongation of the lives
of the community, should be the most solicitous to
forward measures which would inevitably diminish
the annual amount of the national mortality. It is
ombovrioue
s, therefore, that the sanitary question is no
tors of likelyinsurtaonmeeeesotoiweittihes thanthe oppwoistihtiotnhaotfot thefadrmireecr;
or of operatives. Nor is
this negative position all.
It would, by necessity, meet with their strenuous and
unanimous encouragement.
Above all, when the lawsto relating to sanitary re-
gulations are enforced, and
operation, it is eertain
that a novel energy will be allt reasonable conjecture
imparted con
framework of the community, he entire system is in
will be
j
Tho Those
tol the whole
re-invigorative. That system will be a7s
stringent
and
generous in its influences. It will act as a legislative
tonic, and will be to the people as strengthening ap,
the baptism of ACHILLES. When once passed, there
will be no inclination even to retract those sanitary

concessions on the part of the Legislature ; they
will have proved to be too efficacious, and—too
economic.

By the Levant mail we have received advices from
Constantinople of the 17th, and from Athens of the
20th ult.

The Emperor of Russri had refused to mediate
between the Porto and Greece, but had recom-
mended King OTHO to make the required satis-
faction. The Porte had announced its intention to
adopt fresh measures of coercion towards Greece, and
to continue them until proper satisfaction should
have been afforded for the insult offered to the
Turkish Ambassador at Athens.

The Moniteur Grec of the 20th states that the
chiefs of the late revolt in the province of Lepanto,
viz., Colonel PUARMAKI, Majors BOTZAIRIS and
MAcaiJANT, and Captain BOTZARIS, have been ar-
rested.

The Madrid Mail had not arrived in Paris when
the post left.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.

They contain important news from Switzerland.
The cantons of Schwytz, Uri, and Unterwalden,
have submitted to the Federal Government. The
Sonderbund may, therefore, be considered as dis-
solved, inasmuch as all the cantons composing it
have submitted to the Federal Government, with the
exception of Valais, which is at this moment abso-
lutely without allies. The head-quarters of General
DUFOUR are at Lucerne, where he is at the head of
10,000 troops. The Constitutionnel has the follow-
ing observations on this important intelligence :
" The pacification of Switzerland is drawing towards
its completion. Schwytz and Unterwalden have capi-
tulated, and it is confidently stated that the Uri is also
submitting. Thus, therefore, is the end, after two
days' resistance, of this revolt, encouraged by the Je-
iuits, protected by Austria, and armed by the French
Cabinet. Let persona now come forward after this, and
declare that the religion, the independence, and the most
sacred interests of the cantons of the League were staked
in this war ! Were, then, the inhabitants of Friburg,
Lucerne, and the little cantons, actuated by no feelings
of religion and independence ? Undoubtedly they were;
but they felt clearly, at the same time, that the cause
for which they were called on to fight was not theirs.
They have now an evident proof of this on beholding the
victorious party of the Diet respect their rights, which it
was pretended were menaced. As to the Government of
the League, what part did it play? The most striking
act of this martyrdom of justice,' as the Journal des
Debats calls it, was to fly away with the state funds.
But that robbery, it appears, is not to be consummated,
for the restoration of the funds is announced as probable.
But if humanity rejoices to see the struggle thus at an
end without any further effusion of blood, the Govern-
ment and the Debate are more and more dissatisfied with
their good friends in Switzerland. They, in fact, de-
manded so little—only a continuation of the civil war I
What is a few cannonades, a few deaths, a few wounds,
in addition to what has already taken place? And the
Sonderbund are so ill-advised as to refuse all this! Ah!
if the last remnants of the league had followed the advice
of its valorous champion, who writes so warmly here in
Paris, the cannon would still thunder in the cantons of
Schwytz and Underwald, and new evils would arise from
the prolongation of the struggle; but at least our Go-
vernment would not be so much embarrassed by the fine
campaign which it has just made in Switzerland. But
what necessity was there for the French Government to
place itself in such a predicament? If it wanted to
de,ert the liberal cause, it could at least have remained
neutral and awaited events. But no, it must throw an
11lied country into civil war—must furnish arms and
immunition—and now must endeavour to prolong the
contest. In fine, it has attained this marvellous result,
that it has offended at the same time Swiss liberalism,
which it endeavoured to get defeated; and the League,
ror which it did too little and too much; too much, in
encouraging its resistance, and too little, in not serving
it better."

The Journal des Debats has the following on the
subject of the approaching Congress on the affairs of
Switzerland. The writer, after expressing the plea-
sure he feels in seeing France and England united
anew in a common idea and action, thus proceeds :
" We believe that at the beginning of the month M.
Guizot proposed to the Government of Austria, Great
Britain, Prussia, and Russia, to enter into concert for
the purpose of offering a common mediation to Switzer-
land, with the object of restoring peace. Some days
after M. Guizot sent to the four Courts the draft of a
note to be addressed to the two belligerent parties, and
the Courts of Austria and Prussia unhesitatingly ac-
cepted the draft of the note, as they had accepted the
first proposition. At the same time Lord Palmerston
proposed, on his part, a counter project of a note to be
equally presented to the five Powers. Now, if we are
well informed this counter project received, from
the Duke de Broglie, modifications the gravity and
bearing of which cannot fail at a later period to
be sufficiently appreciated. These modifications were
accepted by Lord Palmerston in the name of the British
Cabinet; and the draft of the note thus modified was
addressed to the representatives of France, Austria, arid
Prussia, in Switzerland, to be by them presented to the
belligerent parties. If the Court of Russia has not offi-
cially taken part in the proceedings of the other Courts
it is because the distance has not permitted it to act
simultaneously, bat wo believe that its assent is a matter
of no doubt."

The Opposition papers all raise a shout of derision
over M. GUIZOT, as regards this affair of the inter-
ference. He abandoned his own niews, say these
papers, and abandoned the Austrian alliance, adopting
at once the counter project of Lord PILMENBTON.
They all consider this a great diplomatic triumph for
Lord PALMBRSTON, and that everything tends to-
wards a renewal of the entente cordials.
The Persian Ambassador has left Paris for Mar-
seilles, en route for Constantinople.
The Constitutionnel says—" Viscount DUCIIATEL,
President of the Haute-Garonne, and at one moment
designated by M. GUIZOT for the Embassy of Turin,
has just been received by the KING. Viscount
DUCIIATEL returns to his Prefecture."

The Union Monarchique says—" It is announced
that the Cabinet of Madrid has just entreated M.
JAMES ROTHSCHILD to proceed without delay to
Madrid, in order to come to an understanding with
him for the negotiation of a large loan."
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse,
on Wednesday, at 77f. 25c.; New Loan, 76f. 95c.;
the Five per Cents., 117 f. sc. ; the Orleans Rail-
road Shares, 1,222 f. 50c. ; Rouen, 915 f.; Ilavre,
.502 f. 50c.; Great Northern, 570 f. ; Avignon, 575 f.;
Vierzon, 560 f.; Bordeaux, 4951. ; Paris and Strasburg,
423 f. 75c.; Tours and Nantes, 4021. 50c.; Paris and
Lyons, 407 f. 50c.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC 2.
Boulogne and Amiens, Is%—Central of France (Orleans
and Visrzon), 16—Dutch Rhenish, 2%—Namur and Liege,
6%—Northern of France, 12%—Paris and Lyons, 6Wi
Pariegnd Orleans,.46%—Sambre and dense, 6 LA —Tours and
N antes, 4N.

The Duke of Sutherland, we understand, is em-
ploying a vast number of workmen and decorators in
completing the state apartments at Dunrobin Castle, as
it is understood that their Graces will be honoured with
a visit by her Majesty next year. Amoniuother improve-
ments on his vast domains he has lately planted several
thousands of uncultivated acres with fir, larch, and other
trees.

THE LORD RECTOR OF GLASGOW UNIVERSITY.—
We understand that Colonel Mure, M.P. for the county
of Renfrew, who was lately elected Lord Rector of the
University, by a majority of the votes of the students,
and also by a majority in the nations, intends, according
to established custom, to deliver his inaugural address on
the 23d or 24th instant, and immediately before the
Christmas holidays.—North British Mail.
TIIB LATH lIIGIIWAY ROBBERY OF DR. BOWRING.
—CARDIFF, WIIDNESDAY.—Upon the assembling of the
magistrates of the Petty Sessions, held in the Town-hall,
yesterday, it was stated to the Worships that a great
portion of the property, consisting chiefly of notes and
gold, which had been taken from the person of Dr.
Bowring, M.P., in the late high% ay robbery near Brecon,
on the 30th October last, had been traced and four
persons taken into custody. Upon being placed
in the dock, the prisoners severally gave their names
as Evan Evans, Richard Thomas, William Llewel-
len, and Ann Llewellen, his wife. From the
evidence, it appeared that two of the prisoners, Evans
and Thomas, were on Thursday last drinking at the
Union public-house, and in the course of the evening
they changed several 51. notes, a circumstance which
induced suspicion on the part of the landlord, who gave
information to the police. The bench asked the pri
soner Evans how he accounted for the possession of the
notes and money, to which he replied that he found a
number of 51. notes the day after the robbery, which
he returned to Dr. Bowring, who gave him six 51. notes
for his trouble. The other prisoners denied all know-
ledge, and the bench remanded them for the attendance
of Dr. Bowring.
WESTMINSTER REFORM SOCIETY.—The report of
the committee of the registration during the last two
years of the voters in this city has been made, and the
opinions of the Attorney-General and of Mr. Bodkin
obtained, which confirm the view entertained by the
committee, " That it was illegal to rate the landlords
as occupiers, to the exclusion of the tenants." The
exertions of the society in the parishes of St. John and
St. Margaret have been attended with success, the
names of 300 claimants having been placed on the rate-
book, and a resolution passed in vestry to the effect that
the names of all occupiers of houses be inserted in the
rate book. The lists of voters for the present year con-
tain about the same number of names as the lists of the
preceding years, as appears from the statement affixed to
the report.
TottmsaTnahenreearalyre
all 2 h
, 6t70
hands thrown out of employment,e
mills presently
THE GLASGOW FACTORIES
going are on short time, working from
six to eight hours y.—Caledonian Mercury.

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