The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-30 00:00:00

THE UNITED STATES
AND MEXICO.

ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA.
LIVERPOOL, MONDAY NIGHT.
The British and North American Royal Mail
steam-ship Caledonia, Capt. Lott,- reached the Mer-
sey just as' the last train for London was on the
point of starting. By unusual exertion we were en•
abled to land our papers in time to catch the train.
The Caledonia sailed from Boston on the IGth and
Halifax on the 18th instant. Her arrival places us
in possession of advices from New York to the 15th
inclusive, by five days later than those previously
received. She brings specie the amount of 150,0001.
in gold.
The news relating to the Mexican war is interest-
ing but not important. Our accounts from Vera
Cruz extend to the 2d of November. From these
we learn that General Patterson was to leave Vera
Cruz on the sth inst. The whole number of persons
constituting the train and escort amount to five
thousand. There are 220 waggons.
The brave Captain G. H. Walker, of Texas, was
killed in a recent action with the Mexicans at
Huatnantla.
An English courier arrived at Vera Cruz on the
31st ult., with intelligence from the city of Mexico
to the '29th. Nothing of.partieular importance had
transpired in the capital mice the.previ....
The following items are extrae.ed from the Vera
Cruz Genius qf Liberty of the Ist instant :
" Atlexco has been taken possession of by a force
of one thousand of our troops. This large city has
yielded without the least resistance.
" Orizaba, by this time, is doubtless in possession
of the American forces.
" The Mexican Government has superseded Santa
Anna's command of the army, and General Rincon
has been appointed to fill that command.
r " General Santa Anna loudly protests against this
violation of his rights as the first magistrate of the
nation, as he styles himself. He refuses obedience to
the orders of the Government, and in the meantime
has retired to Tehuacan.
" General Scott and staff have lately visited
the city of Guadaloupe.
" General Almonte has succeeded in reaching
Queretaro."
The company of the New York regiment of vo-
lunteers, under the command of Captain A.W. Taylor,
have presented swords to their captains and Lieut. J.
Griffin.
The city of Mexico was filled with rumours of
peace.

- It is said that a quorum of the Mexican Congress
had assembled at Queretaro, and that a majority had
decided in favour of an amicable adjustment of the
difficulties between the two Governn.ents.
There appears to be but little doubt that the Ame-
ricans have taken possession of the city of Orizaba,
an 1 it is altogether probable that the said force was
not over four hundred strong.
Oriz:;ba contains a population of near sixteon thou-
sand inhabitants, yet they had the good sense to sur-
render their city, notwithstanding the meagre
strength of the force demandi ,g it.
The Ossian, from the United States with troops,
toached Vera Crux on the 8d October.
The accounts from the city of Mexico are con-
fused ; they extend to the latter end of October. By
them we learn that Santa Anna had been ordered to
give up the command of the army, and to submit his
conduct as general commanding in chief to a court-
martial
The following extract from a letter from Mexico
appears in a Vera Cruz paper, the Genius of Liberty,
October 2ith, and contains some matter of in-
terest :

" From four French gentlemen who left the city of
Mexico on the 13th, and Puebla on the 16th of the
present month, we have received intelligence of a very
important nature concerning the state of affairs in
those quarters.
" General Lane having arrived at Perote, was there
joined by Captain Walker and his command ; both
advanced together on the Puebla road till they reached
the town of Dreyes, at which place Captain Walker,
by order of the commanding general, took up his line
of march to Huamantla, by way of the town of San
Francisco and Guapastia. On his arrival at Rua-
mantle a sanguinary engagement took place in the
streets between the force of Captain 'Walker, consist-
ing of 260 men, ani that of the Mexicans, numbering
1,600. The result of this contest was the total expul-
sion of the enemy from the town and its oc-
cupation by our valiant little army, which lost
in the battle only six men ; but the gallant
Walker, after performing prodigies of valour and
feats of the most daring character, fell in
single combat, pierced by the spear of an enraged
father who was goaded to actual frenzy by the death
of his son, whose fall beneath the arm of Capttim
Walker he had just witnessed. The father rushed
forward, heedless of all danger, to revenge his child's
death, and attacking the captain with almost irresisti-
ble violence, plunged his spear into his body and
slew him almost instantly. In this engagement the
Mexicans lost 200 men and three pieces of artillery.
The latter were thrown into a gulley adjoining the
town by the victors. After the achievement of their
object, which was the dispersion of the enemy, for
which they were dispatched to Huamantla, the Ame-
ricads evacuated the place and directed their course to
Pinal, on the Puebla road, which they reached with-
out any opposition. There meeting with General
Lane, the combined American force continued its
march upon Puebla.

" Thei found this city in a state of insurrection,
and accordingly entered it in platoons—delivering at
every step a constant and well-directed fire of mus-
ketry, which ceased not till the enemy retired, and
order had been restored in every quarter.
" General Rea, of whoni we heard so much lately,
fled with 400 guerillas towards Atlexco.
" General Santa Anna was by last accounts at
'fehuacan de las Grenadas, having been deserted by
all his followers, with the exception of 200.
" Some very severe shocks of earthquakes had been
experienced in the capital.
4, The health of the army is far from being good.
The climate of the valley of Mexico is not, it appears,
congenial to the constitutions of the south.
" The effective force of the entire army is reduced
ten or fifteen per cent.

" General Persifer Smith has succeeded General
Quitman as governor of the city.
" The first subject in importance with the Mexi-
cans appears to be the elections ; as yet it is not
known, and cannot even be surmised, as to who will
be the next President of Mexico.
" Pena y Pena was still at Queretaro, where he
had succeeded in assembling. seventy-one of the de-
puties of the Mexican Congress, who had decided that
they would positively resume their sittings on the
20th ult.

" Pena y Pena had also directed circulars to the
six governors of the Central Mexican States, request-
ing them to instantly repair to Queretaro, for the
purpose of holding a special council, to consult upon
what amount of men and munitions of war could be
raised, with the view of continuing hostilities, and
also at the same time to calmly deliberate upon the
propriety of said continuance of the war,
" General itea was said to be going to Queretaro
with 1,000 men. It was also rumoured that he was
going to Mazatha, which place was said to have been
taken by the American Government.
"The French schooner. New York arrived at that
city on the 14th instant.

The commercial advices are interesting. The news
taken out by the Washington from Southampton had
the effect of causing prices to recede below those cur-
rent on the 10th. Cotton had declined one cent. per
lb., and breadstuffs had also declined. The rate of
exchange still continued in favour of this country,
and was quoted at 109} to 110. There were large
supplies of breadstuffs coming down the river.
NEW YORK MARKETS.
The flour market was dull, and sales moderate,
yesterday's prices being scarcely obtainable, and the
market closed without animation. No transaction
in wheat was reported. Corn was heavy, and sales
moderate. Rye remained about the same.
Ashes—Small sales of pots were made at 6 dolls.
75c., and of pearls at 8 dolls. 87ie.
lireadstuffs—Sales of 1,500 to 1800 barrels
Genesee were made at 6 dolls. 25c., and, about 1,000
ditto Oswego were sold at 6 dolls. 18/c,; 150 ditto
Michigan sold at 6 dolls. 12ic.
Corn—The sales of western mixed footed up about
7,000 to 8,000 bushels at 71c. to 72c., including
2,500 bushels of mixed, a little out of condition, at
70 ioc. je.and small sales of yellow were reported at 73c
t

Rye—Sales of 800 bushels in the slip were made
at 88c., and 2,000 bushels delivered sold at 92c.
Freights—Continued inactive; square bales cotton
were taken for Glasgow at :3-16d., and round to
Liverpool at the same price.

COTTON TRADE.
Just previous to the departure of the Cambria our
market had assumed more steadiness, and the decline
in price was arrested at the reduction of two cents
per lb., then quoted. On the following three busi-
ness days the sales were moderate, chiefly to spinners
and without further change in prices, averaging about
1,000 bales daily. Late on Wednesday afternoon, 3d
instant, the French steamer Philadelphia arrived with
five days' later accounts from London, and seven from
Havre, and on Friday afternoon, sth instant, we re•ceived the telegraphic accounts f the Liverpool mar-
kets to two P.M., on the 19th ult., per Caledonia. Pre-
pared as We were for bad accounts by this packet, we
did not anticipate such a complete prostration of
mercantile confidence and credit in England, parti-
cularly after the receipt of advices by the French
packet, which held out hopes of the worst being over.
l'he price of our staple being so unsettled that sales
could not be forced to any large extent, a thing
heretofore unprecedented there, and on those
effected for cash on the day, so decidedly less than the
quotations, that it was impossible to calculate the
value of any specific grade, the point appearing to be,
not what price any grade should bear, but how it was
possible to obtain the cash for it at any price. On the
evening of the 9th inst. the steamer Washington ar-
rived, with Liverpool dates to the 24th instant,
casting, if possible, a deeper gloom over our market,
with the faint ray discovered by a few, that the worst
is over, and that the next news will be more cheering
for the consumption of our staple, in which opinion,
however, the many anxious holders of it cannot parti-
cipate sufficiently to withheld their stocks from
market, which has, consequently, been abundantly
sapplied. On the news per Caledonia, prices fell off
a full half cent, and since the Washington's advices,
three-eighths have been readily conceded, making the
whole decline just one cent per lb., to which we have
altered our quotations, and at which the market
appears steady. The sales have steadily averaged
about 1,000 bales daily, about one-half of which was
taken by our own manufacturers, and the remainder
by continental shippers, Liverpool buyers being
entirely out of market, mainly now in consequence
of the great difficulty experienced in negotiating their
bills. Some few parcels are going forward from first
hands, but not to any large extent.
So far we have no accounts of a killing frost at the
south, and the weather has been of the most favour.

able character for maturing and picking ; this has
greatly aided the fall in prices here, as it has enabled
the plant to recover the three weeks lost in the spring.
The quality of the receipts now coming to hand from
the south-west is better than those of the last season.
Estimates of the crop are freely ventured on here,
and it is generally conceded that more than an average
one maynow be reasonably looked for; but as yet the
season has not been sufficiently extended to warrant
the hope of a large one.
The movements in this staple in this country, this
season, compared with the previous two, have been as
annexed :