The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-10 00:00:00

MASTERS.

An Act was passed in the last Session of Parliament,
c. 3, in which it is enacted, " That, from and after the
31st day of December, 1841, it shall be lawful for every
naval instructor and mate in the Royal Navy, under such
regulations, limitations, and restrictions, as have now
been, or may at any time or times hereafter be, esta-
blished by the Commissioners for executing the office of
Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom for the time
being, to draw a bill of exchange, or a set of bills of the
same tenour and date, upon the Accountant-General of
the Navy, for the net personal pay which shall be due to
him, at such times, and for such periods, as the said Com-
missioners shall at any time, or from time to time, ap-
point in that behalf."

It is therefore directed :—That all mates and naval
instructors shall continue to draw for the sea-pay due to
them up to the 31st December, 1841, as heretofore.
That after the 31st of December, 1841, they shall be
allowed to draw bills for their net sea-pay every three
months, to end on the 31st of March, 30th of June, 30th
of September, and 31st of December, agreeable to the
annexed table of pay.
That any mate or naval instructor who shall have
been on half-pay for three months next before his ap-
pointment to a ship, or any mate not allowed half-pay
who was not serving at the time of his appointment, may
receive three months' pay in advance on his joining his
ship, provided he transmit, with an application to the
Accountant-General of the Navy, a certificate from his
commanding officer of the day he commenced sea-pay,
when a bill of exchange will be sent to him for signature
and negotiation, or the amount will be paid to his agent,
if he requests it. . .

That mates and naval instructors be allowed to draw
for their net sea-pay from the date of entry, if they re-
ceive no advance, or for the termination of the period for
which advance may have been granted, to the end of the
current quarter.
That mates shall continue as heretofore to receive the
residue of their pay on ships' books ; but that naval in-
structors shall, after the 31st of December, 1841, be paid
the residue of their full pay by a bill to be mada out in
office on their transmitting to the Accountant-Gene/1d a
certificates of service, and a statnnent of their claims for
tuition for the whole period of their appointment.
SCALE OF PAY. Per year.
Mate .£ 65 3 7
Naval Instructors and Schoolmasters, first

entry 127 15 0
Ditto, after three years' service 136 17 6
Ditto, after seven years' service 155 2 6
Ditto, aften ten years' service lB2 10 0

Note.--Naval instructors and schoolmasters who receive
the new rate of pay will no longer be al:owed the bounty of
301. a year ; but if a chaplain act as a naval instructor, he will
be entitled to the bounty in addition to his ,ay as chaplain.
N. B. Bills for tuition or bounty to be drawn separately.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTRRDAY.

GLOBE.—Lord Palmerston's reply to the ad-
dress of the Corporation of Bridgnorth is, ac-
cording to the Times, only surpassed in folly and
falsehood by that of Lord John Russell to the
address of the inhabitants of Plymouth. The
vituperation poured forth on the latter is there-
fore recapitulated and applied to the former.
Let us examine with what reason and with
what success Lord Palmerston presumes to
state, as his opinion, that the efforts of the
late Government to effectuate reforms in the
Church, the State, and in our Commercial Po-
licy, had not been wholly fruitless; and that the
principles they had more recently and practically
asserted would not be devoid of fruit, even though
planted in Tory soil. This, in the estimation of
the Times, was bad enough. But worse remained
behind. The Noble Lord had the temerity to
state that the victory which Sir Robert Peel
had achieved by a combination with monopolists,
would be " short-lived." There Lord Palmerston
probed the Tory conscience to the quick. The
secret misgiving, lest tergiversation and casuistry
should utterly fail to defend a party which has
entrenched itself within private interests to carry
11 on a war against " the great interests of the
community," is constantl y at work, and betray
itself even by the very efforts which are
made to conceal it. It was not to be endured
that Lord Palmerston should thus hold up
to the illustrious Cabinet of halting, struggling
turncoats, a mirror which reflected their
character and their doom. It was not to be
borne that he should utter what every one
sees, that an Administration, the principal mem-
bers of which arc nearly as destitute of agree-
ment with each other as they are notoriously at
variance with their former selves, would scarcely
be able to hold together as a Government under
any circumstances; and that in the present de-
pressed and distracted state of our commercial in-
terests it will be utterly impossible for such an Ad-
ministration to carry on the public business of the
country. Lord Palmerston had alSo ventured to say
that " he trusted the endeavours of the late Go-
vernment to carry. into practical application the
principles of civil and religious liberty had not
been wholly fruitless." Upon this very innocent
assumption the Times expends the vials of its in-
dignation. " Fruitless! exclaims the Times—
" was the Appropriation Clause fruitless?" No :
Tory perseverance in resistance to claims putforth
in behalf of the large majority of the people of
Ireland prevailed—claims which the Times for-
merly went far greater lengths in pressing than
the Whig Ministry. But the Jamaica Coercion
Bill, was that fruitless ? No ; the conduct of the
Tories on that occasion also showed the sympathy
which exists between Toryism and tyranny.
STANDARD.—We have written so often and
so long ago upon the paramount importance to
the well-being of the empire of a well-considered
and constantly-acting system of emigration, that
we have nothing new to offer upon the subject;
we may be allowed, however, t-) take pride in
the successful result of the adoption of our very
earliest views—views which we ventured to offer
to public notice more than twenty years ago.
The principle of the system of emigration which
we then suggested was the translation of society
in its frame, not in rude and unconnected parts,
still less in single classes. The last colony
founded, the colony of New Zealand, makes the
r
nearest approach that has ever been made to
this principle. It is, however, no reproach to
our ancestors that they did not hit
upon a
principle which it was scarcely in theirpower
to apply, and for the discovery of which they
had not the store of experience that we
every
possess. They had, as progressive state
of society, whether the society be of few or
many, will have, a redundan t population
of the
lowest class; but they had not that affluent
supply of the higher and middle classes

COURIER.—We are most concerned to learn
now how the innocent holders of the fraudulent
bills are to be dealt with, and how far their in-
terests are likely to be affected by the course
taken to cushion those disclosures, promised
and anxiously looked forward to in the trial
of one, and the testimony of the other
prisoner. An impression universally prevails,
and not, we think, without foundation, that
such disclosures would have served irre-
sistibly to strengthen the claims of the Bill-
holders on the Treasury, although, waiving the
legal points involved, we are entirely of opinion
that those claims rest on principles of right and
equity which cannot' be denied and defeated,
however their consideration may be postponed
for a time. We regard them as greatly reinforced
morally, if not legally, by the course adopted for
obstructing all further criminal proceedingsin the
Exchequer bill cause, and by thus not only pre-
venting those further revelation., ofacc,omplices
which might, and must have, inculpated other and
more guilty parties in the end, but still more by
carefully withholding from publication, or the
knowledge of the injured bill-holders, those dis-
closures and confessions actually made by Smith
and Rapallo ; disclosures necessary as evidence
for making out the legal, besides the
equitable claim to relief, on behalf of the
plundered parties. In the meantime we
must also insist that manifest injustice is
done to the innocent and respectable bill-
holders by every day's procrastination of the ex-
amination into and adjustment of their claims.
Their bills are impounded at the Exchequer
bill-office, where stamped as forged or fraudulent,
and thus the evidence of property is withdrawn
from their possession and refused to their demand.
The law, to be sure, is open to them for redress,
but suits at law are a fearful remedy, and waged
at fearful odds as against the Treasury. The delays
alone of such litigation must be ruin to many,
even in the event of success, for, as the homely
saying has it, whilst the grass grows the ox
starves. Under such circumstances we would
suggest therefore, with all deference, the means
of an arrangement by which justice should be
equally dispensed to both sides, without preju-
dice to either. As the responsibility of the Treasury
for the doings of its recognised agents and
officers cannot be voided by any self-willed
act of defeasance, we would propose that a Com-
mission should issue to competent persons, to ex-
amine into and arbitrate upon the validity of the
claims of the bill• holders, setting out upon
the broad principle that where the origin of pos-
session was unimpeachable, and value duly proved
to have been given, the bills, so purged of illegi-
timate holding in the hands of the respectable
parties exonerated, should be at once admitted
to proof and liquidation at the Treasury. By
this course we apprehend that the Treasury, as
custos of the public purse, would stand absolved
of negligence of the public interest, whilst ag-
grieved individuals would obtain the fair mea-
sure of redress to which they are entitled.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
HERALD.—The affair of Rapallo, and the
extraordinary conduct of the Government officers
in omitting to lodge a detainer against him,
until after his discharge legally from duresse, in
which lie was so strangely kept a whole day
by the Recorder to wait such further proceed-
ings as might be contemplated against him, has
been the prevailing theme of conversation and
animadversion in the City to-day. It may be as
well, however, to reserve what remains to be
said on the subject, until it is seen whether the
law officers are really in earnest about his re-
capture, about which strong doubts are freely
expressed. If in earnest he can hardly fail to be
again in custody by this time.
The suspension of the bank on the extreme
northern borders alluded to under this head on
Monday evening, but without specifying the par-
ticular establishment, slthough in possession of
the names, comes confirmed by the notice posted
on the Tweed banking-house in Berwick-on-
Tweedon Monday last, to the effect that "Messrs.
Batson, Berry, and Co. beg to inform the public
that owing to unavoidable circumstances they
are obliged to suspend payment." A Morning
Contemporary treats this failure as of little ac-
count and consequence. The contrary, however,
is the well-known fact. The bank was one of
undoubted credit, and extensive connections,
and once, if not now, of large capital. Berwick
is a place carrying on a very considerable corn
trade, besides large dealings in cattle, and, with
the country district around it, must therefore be
very deeply involved with the bank, which was
the almost exclusive centre of banking business
and deposits for the population. It is painful to
be obliged to add, that in consequence of the
banking failures in Chichester and Arundel, the
Sussex banks have all more or less been subjected
to a severe run ; but it is more grateful to be
enabled to announce that the trial has been met
with a promptitude and punctuality evincing the
possession of substantial means, which must all
the more enhance their credit and standing here-
after.

TIMES.—The premium on gold at Paris is 51
per mille, which, at the English Mint price of
3/. 17s. 101 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives
an exchange of 9,5.'28, and the exchange at Paris
on London at short being 25.45, it fdllows that
gold is 0.68 per cent. dearer in London than
in Paris.

By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold
is 4'28 per mark, which, at the English Mint
price of 31. 17s. 101 d. per ounce for standard
gold, gives an exchange of 13.61, and the ex-
change at Hamburgh on London at short being
13.71, it follows that gold is 0.58 per cent. dearer
in London than in Hamburgh.
The course of exchange at New York on Lon-
don- is 1091 per cent., and the par of exchange
between England and America being 109 :23-40
per cent., it follows that the exchange is 0.18
per cent. in favour of England. But the quoted
exchange at New York being for bills at sixty
days' sight, the interest must be added to the
above difference.

SHEERNESS, DEC. 7.—A melancholy accident
occurred at Sheerness on Sunday morning. Two ma_
rims belonging to her Majesty s ship Camperdown were
being lowered in a boat into the water, when by some
accidentg the boats tackling gave way, and both were
precipitated into the river. Before any assistance could
be rendered to them they had disappeared. Their
bodies have not yet been found.

WHAT IS HE ?—Field-Marshal the Duke of
the
that Wellington has deliberately stated i
e g
in
and no
nhoe
is "not in the political service f
doubt he states the truth. It notisnthe Queen,,,
in h Writing
ser-
vice that he is politically retained ; neither is it isanthepeople's service, for he is more opposed to
theumeetnl:n to
the Queen. Whose servant is he,
,4 How
Queenare th
nore
Alas !Under which "king, Bezonian ?"
then ?
mighty fallen !" Seeing that he
serves neither
people, it follows incontrover-
tibly that he is the servant
of
Sir Robert Peel ; for,
being a Cabinet Minister, he is, beyond yea or nay, in a
political service of so
pis alter after "the Dodger."—Morning
sort or another, and there is no
g r.' —Morning Chronicle.
SIGHT AND HEA RING.—PIaTOBIZed by their
Majesties the King and Queen of Hanover, and their Royal
Highnesses the late Princess Augusta, the Princess Sophia,
her Serene Highness
the Pri •
ncess Esterhazy, the Princesses
Mary and Rosa, her Grace the Dowager Ducheib of Bed-
ford, ,and their Graces the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the
Dukes of Norfolk, Devonshire, Manchester, and Marlborough,
Marquises of Hertford, Londonderry, Sligo, and Thoniond, Earls
of Shaftesbury, Tankerville, 1-larewood, Powis, Bradford, Wick-
low, Verulam, Harrowby, Buckinghamshire, Meath, Somers, Ox
ford, Lisburne, and Ferrero, Bishops of Exeter, Blandford,
Lincoln, Cork, Elphin, and Kildare, Lords Hill, Cowley, /cc. Bic.
In addition to the above distinguished patronage to the Newly-
Invented Spectacle Lenses and Sound Magnifiers Invisible
Operative Voice Conductor, Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, 39,
Albemarle.street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel, and 76,
King Willlam.street, City, state that their valuable inventions have
also gained the sanction and unqualified approbation of above four
hundred of the principal members of the medical profession. Imme-
diately these Newly-invented Spectacle Lenses are placed before
extremely imperfect vision, that mist and dullness which
appear before the eyes is at once removed, every object be.
comes clear and distinct, so that the mast aged imperfect sight be..
comes bright and brilliant, and is brought to its youthful, natural,
and original state. Their Invisible Operative Voice Conductor
Sound Magnifiers for deaf persons, is not the least perceptible nor
uncomfortable ; they give immediate relief to old standing extreme
cases of deafness, and the faintest whisper at a public
assembly is
heard with exact distinctness.-39, Albemarle-street, opposite the
York Hotel, and 76, King Willianci.street, City.—,No connection
I with perloni of 010 eamo name.

It is a well-known fact that the eyes of those who have
been destroyed by hydrocyanic acid,• for a length of
time after death show none of the usual symptoms of
dimness ; on the contrary, the eye is dear and the pupil
much dilated. This satisfied me that the acid exerted a
specific action upon the eye, which' might be made avail-
able, as a medical agent, for relieving many of the dis-
eases to which that organ is so subject.
My first experiment was undertaken in 1837, with the
diluted acid, by dipping a sponge into it, and rubbing it
on the forehead for the space of a few minutes, which
gave the skin a very red appearance ; but the patient ex•
perienced not the least sense of heat, and the pupil was
slightly dilated. I continued to use this with very bene-
ficial effects in incipient cataract, opacities of the cornea,
inflammation, amaurosis, iritis, &c. Of late I have sub-
stituted the vapour of the concentrated acid to the eye
with much more decided effect, and without the slightest
danger. The plan I generally adopt is to put into an
ounce phial a drachm of the acid, and hold it in close
'contact with the eye, the eyelid being open, for the space
of about half a minute, or until such time as the patient
feels a little warmth, or the person holding the phial
sees the pupil greatly dilated and the vessels of the eye
injected with blood, which is the invariable effect of the
application of the acid. The patient is not sensible of
pain from this peculiar state being induced, which ap-
pears to mo to result from the powerfully sedative in-
fluence of the acid, thereby showing that two opposite
powers, to wit, stimulating and sedative, are exerted at
the same time, and thereby the uneasiness arising gene-
rally from a stimulant alone is prevented. Its great
power in removing those diseases chiefly arises from
the two powers being so blended, and thus enabling the
eye to bear a sufficient stimulating action without injury.
The person who holds the acid to the eye should be care-
ful not to allow the patient to smell it.
_ _

The essential oif of bitter almonds I use for the same
diseases. I put two drachms of water to two drachms
of the oil in an ounce phial, and hold it in the same way
to the eve as the acid, but its effects are not precisely
alike. The feeling induced by the oil is soothing, and
generally relieves all sense of pain, even of tic douloureur,
without sensibly dilating the pupil, or causing much red-
ness of the eye. I find it very useful in taking away
the heat occasioned by the hydrocyanic acid. I am, Sir,
your obedient servant, A. TURNBULL, M.D.
48, Rassell-square, Sept. 28, 1841.

PROSECUTION FOR BLASPHEMY.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sin—l request you to give publicity to the followinn
recent case of unjustifiable interference with the opinions
of an individual. Charles Southwell, some time since a
Social Missionary, was the editor ofa periodical, printed
and published by himself, in conjunction with others,
called " The Oracle of Reason," devoted to the explana-
tion and advocacy of certain opinions of his own, as
well as to remarks upon other subjects. The Fourth
Number contained some severe comments upon the Bible,
for which on Saturday, November 27th, he was arrested,
being charged with having unlawfully and wickedly
composed, printed, and published, a certain scandalous,
blasphemous, and profane libel of, and concerning the
Holy Scriptures and the Christian Religion. He was
committed to gaol the same evening, in default of bail,
the lateness of the hour entirely preventing any being
obtained before the Magistrates rose. Bail has, how-
ever, since been tendered, but the Magistrates refused
two of the three offered, although duly qualified, and
willing to swear to that effect, and he still remains in
prisor. He is treated in every respect like a criminal
before trial ; he can personally communicate with a
friend, for a few minutes, three times a week, from a
kind of cage, with a couple of turnkeys by his elbow
the whole time ; and can likewise send letters which are
subjected to examination by the Chaplain and Governor.
He has been refused any books save the Bible, Seneca's
Morals, and Dr. Wiseman's Catholic Lectures, which
were taken to him, not being allowed him. Such a pro-
secution at the present time is the more shameful, the
Puseyites now declaring the Bible not to be a proper
book for indiscriminate circulation, as producing more
evil than good ; but for the expression of opinions some-
what similar they have imprisoned my friend.—Your
obedient servant, W. CHILTON.
6, Narrow Wine-street, Bristol, Dec. 6, 1841.

FIRE ESCAPES.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sin—Will you oblige the Committee by inserting the
following in some corner of your Paper, that the public
and those who subscribe their money may see that, with
proper management, fire escapes are and may be of great
service to the public generally.—Your obedient servant,
W. J. NEWTON.
41, Brewer-street, Golden-square, Dee. 8.

THE LATE FIRE IN PRINCES-STREET.—The Com-
mittee of the St. James's Local Society for the Protec-
tion of Life from Fire, at their meeting last evening
(Tuesday) voted twB pounds to each of the conductors
(llupere and Clark), for their exertions in saving the
life of Mr. J. Millard, sixty-five years of age, who oc-
cupied a portion of Mr. Reeve's house in Princes•street,
which was burnt on the Ist instant. The exertions of the
conductors on this occasion were beyond all praise, and
had it not been for their timely assistance with the fire
escape, a loss of human life would have take place. It
appears that Mr. and Mrs. Millard had escaped to the
roof by means of the trap-door.

EFFECTS OF COURT MOURNING.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Srn,—Now that the Queen Dowager is said to be out
of danger, I beg to point your attention to the injurious
effects which general mournings have upon certain
branches of trade, and particularly upon the fancy silk
trade.

A month ago, the trade, partaking of the general de-
pression,
" Like a woanded snake, dragged its slow length along,"
sluggishly enough, certainly ; but when the report of the
alarming illness of the Queen Dowager came out it
seemed absolutely to clap an extinguisher upon it alto-
gether ; and although she appears to be getting better,
yet the very fear that she may, in a short time, have a
relapse and die will prevent nine ladies out of ten from
purchasing any fancy article of dress ; the consequence
of which will be, that nearly all the fancy articles pre-
pared by the manufacturers, and purchased by the whole-
sale men and shopkeepers, for the autumn trade, will be
left on hand at the end of the season, and have to be
jobbed off at half price next year.
And the evil will not end here ; for who among those
who may escape the crippling process which is now going
on will be hardy enough to prepare, or purchase, a lot
of fancy articles for the next spring trade, when, per-
haps, in March or April, the Queen Dowager, should
she get about again now, may be taken ill again, and
spoil the trade of another season ?
The general mournings, having been so curtailed of late
years, do very little good even to the black trade ; for
people in general de not think it worth while to go to the
expence of purchasing new materials for their dresses,
but merely have their old ones re-dyed for the occasion.
Indeed, so eager and anxious are the English ladies at
this time to testify their respect for their good and vir-
tuous Queen Dowager, that, in anticipation of her death,
one rag-dyer alone informs me he has received as many
as 250 old coloured silk dresses to be dyed black, in rea-
gwkoehoeipdehsa
diness for the event whenever it may take place. In
fact, the only time that a general mourning benefits even
the black trade is when the Royal personage dies sud-
denly—in
hi
totuhi
lsodsnehoawtv leiodaemsdiair;:beltehaoprpen interest
black goods be them generally turn them to good ae-
den death of the members decent
iton p have
rtaha.it
iaennogyu ac-
count.
classt
hßeoufst
sudden
of the Royal
Family.
the autumn trade was spoiled by the death
of the Princess Augusta. I had prepared a lot of fancy
but must
time,herm
uasntdderaettmhh,e
then tot
hadto jobto
them off at a considerable sacrifice. And who is there
disastrous results which attended the illness and death
of William IV., and before him, of George IV., results
connectedno' monthhNe,
prudence,
h, itnh over
e consequence
ftal Inecptrroapeeer
no foresight, no skill can
the
against.
I ask, Mr. Editor, how much longer thisnuisnanpereoivsidtoe
be tolerated by the trade ? How much longer will the
public tolerate this remnant of feudal vassalage ? How
many more times are we to be " ordered " to put our-
selves into decent mourning upon the death of every scion
of noble stock ? And—if the custom is continued—l
think we may very reasonably look forwards to manyf
such " orders' during the next few years.
sh should die
March or April. we shall, no doubt,
instance, that his Highness,
"ordered" to put
him. Now, apart
ourselves into decent mourning fr. .
order would indict,
upon the serious amount of evil the
and already sufficiently suffering class of
upon a large o f Hanover
he
Why not confine the
hypo-
critical or absurd ?
Court, and leave the rest of the com-
munitydependants of the
tradesmen, is it possible to imagineanytthhiengomrdoerre
to
subject—which, by by, 1
to exercise their
the oll‘.-snttiaestne.ayantdhefeey lminagnaugpoe nthtehsee
matters in France ?
Itm e is
rl
toldea r ;
that
th publicthey
area
gls
for
Royalty is expensive enough, God knows ;
most intolerable nuisance, and ought to be abolished
altogether.
it is hard enough, in these bad times, to be taxed to pay
formerly ola cstlnesd°fl aotrio an wholetobe y
thirty thousand a year to one, fifty thousand a year to
another, and a hundred thousand a year to a third ; but
I think the least the recipients of our money can do, is
not to stand as stumbling-blocks in the way of our trade;
not to persist in a custom which frequently inflicts posi-
tive ruin and misery upon many, and great loss and in-
convenience upon thousands.—Your obedient servant
A SILK MANUFACTURER. '
Fort-street, Spitalfields, Nov. 30, 1841.

FATAL ACClDENT.—Yesterday morning, about
half-past six o'clocl:, the following melancholy accident
occurred on the river near Greenwich :—lt appears that
Mr. John M'Clelland, boatwright, Ivho resides in
Church street, Shadwell, was proceeding by water this
morning to Greenwich, accompanied by two fellow-
workmen,
of the names of Walter Bishop and William
Charles Worthington. They had arrived about half a
mile this side of the Royal Hospital, when, by some ac-
cident, they ran the boat with :great violence against a
coal barge, which was coming down the river in a contrary
direction, the concussion was so great as to cause the
boat to capsize, and all three were precipitated into the
water. M'Clelland, being an expert swimmer, swam to
the edge of the barge, and was taken in ; but the other
two unfortunately perished. The bodies have not been
found.

The Earl of Lincoln and Sir Willoughby
Gordon transacted business with Sir James Graham at
the IJome•ofbce yezterday morning,