The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-07 00:00:00

THE SIIN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 7, 1847

! justly described as "An Act to stereotype low
prices," and which might also be designated, " An
Act for the restriction of trade and commerce, and
the total abolition of British manufactures."
This atrocious law, which is utterly worthless in
seasons of prosperity, increases the difficulties of an
adverse and trying period a thousandfold. Its ad-
vocates must have been deeply imbued with the opi-
nion that a drain of gold could only be occasioned by
one fixed and certain cause, and that in every in-
stance it must be dealt with in the same manner and
encountered by the same remedies. There never was
a greater mistake than this, or one that has led
to more lamentable results. The currency doc-
tors were disciples of the Sangrado school; that
every disease was to be cured by bleeding and
hot water, if the system was steadily pursued, was
the theory of that celebrated physician, so that the
already debilitated and enfeebled patients had their
veins drained, and were as copiously drenched as the
plethoric and apoplectic. It is needless to say that
what might have been useful to the latter class
speedily consigned the former to the tombs of their
forefathers. So, likewise, the meddlers with our cur-
rency compel the directors to put on the screw in
every instance where a drain of gold takes places
whether that drain be occasioned by an excess of
commercial speculation (in which case it might have
a good effect), or from a temporary exportation of
the precious metals to pay for the articles of food
absolutely required for the support of our people, or
by an internal panic and a general discredit, inducing
the public to hoard their gold and withdraw it from
circulation, which latter cases should be dealt with in
a very different manner, what might in one state of
affairs be but a prudent and proper precaution, being
in either of the others a serious aggravation of the
original evil.
A history of the various causes that: have led to
drains of gold in past years, and the manner in
which the difficulty was treated by the directors,
and the results that followed, will better illus-
trate the absurdity of the present law, than any
other method that could be adopted. Had the Ac
of 1844 been in force in December, 1825, the Banl
must inevitably have stopped payment, and it is diffi
cult to imagine what would have been the conse

quences thereof. At that period the gold in their
coffers was reduced below 1,300,0001. sterling—we
were within a few hours of a state of barter—when,
happily, a box of one-pound notes was accidentally
discovered, by great ;mod luck (as one of the directors
stated in his evidence before the Committee of 1832),
and without the slightest foresight or preparation.
In fact, it had been totally forgotten by all. These
notes were freely issued, and (still to use the
language of Mr. HARMAN) " lhey averted a
complete drain and saved the credit of the
country." The panic was speedil y banished, and con-
fidence restored. And yet our sapient law-
givers, forgetful of past experience, speedily pro-
hibited the circulation of one-pound notes, under any
circumstances, and in 1844 passed a still more
stringent enactment, limiting the issue of notes of
any denomination beyond a certain amount, arbitra-
rily fixed, and which does not afford sufficient repre-
sentatives of value to carry on the ordinary affairs of
the nation.

In the
,present emergency some remedy must
speedily be adopted, without a single day's delay, or
years must elapse before the country can recover
from the misfortunes occasioned by that fatal law.
"A Country Banker" suggests that the Government
should suspend the operation of that Act, and at
_ _

once authorise the Bank to issue to the " exten

of three millions on securities beyond its present
limits."l Much benefit would undoubtedly follow from
such a course, but we doubt if it would be sufficient.
At all events, the Ministry cannot be insensible to
the !present danger, when from thirty to fifty per
cent. is given on the security of Government Stock,
when the difference of the price of Consols
for Money and the Account is no less than from
to 11., no argument is necessary to prove that
the time for action has arrived. A Cabinet Council

will be held within a few days, and we hope that
something will then be decided on. The country
requires immediate relief, and it cannot be withheld
without responsibility of the most serious character
being incurred by those to whose hands the na-
tional destinies are intrusted. Meanwhile let the
people speak out—let meetings be held on every
side, and remonstrances uttered against the destruc-
tive financial policy that has been adopted, and is
still unhappily adhered to. Unless the public voice
is heard in high places, it cannot be supposed that the
full force of the public feeling will be understood, or
their wishes made known and attended to.

For the time being Austria has desisted from its
endeavours to effect the suppression of liberalizing
sentiments in the Italian peninsula. The town of
Ferrara has been evacuated by the soldiers cf FER-
DINAND : the citadel is alone garrisoned with the
troops of Vienna. Auspicious as this arrangement
may appear to the more sanguine, it is merely a
temporary suspension of the designs of Absolutism.
The " fatal gift" still remains conspicuous over that
fair country whose central city was once the mistress
of the world—it still holds out an irresistible tempta-
tion to the Kaisalt—that " gift" which Lord BYRON
recognised as the most perillous characteristic of the
peninsula when he apostrophised it as—
" Italia, 0 Italia! Thou who hast
The fatal gift of beauty!"
The withdrawal of the Austrian forces from within
the ramparts of Ferrara is literally nothing better than
the insidious concession of a power resolute in its de-
termination to gratify its infamous ambition by some
more subtle and formidable act of intervention. The
prize is too splendid to be so easily forgotten or
abandoned—the booty is too costly to be altogether
neglected. That Cabinet, moreover, which could
brave the indignation of all civilised Europe by the
spoliation of a petty republic like Cracow, cannot be
expected to resign the domination of three superb
principalities without a murmur or a struggle.
Italy must therefore employ this opportune tran-
quillity in preparations against the dangers which
must supervene. By the organization of its political
institutions, by the combination of popular enthusiasm

throughout Piedmont, Tuscany, and the Papal
States, by the extension and practice of its
National Guard, by the gradual abatement
of the excitement of its populace, by the ripen-

ing of the fruits of liberality irithe council chambers
of Pius, of LEOPOLD, and of CHARLES ALBERT, the
most classic of peninsulas may best insure its inde-
pendence, and erect a more insurmountable barrier
against Absolutism than the crags and gorges of the
Alps.

If such a course be adopted, the assaults of the
Imperial armies of Vienna may be deferred, and the
longer those assaults are deferred the less likely are
they to terminate favourably for the assailants. We
cannot think that the refusal of the Sovereign PONTIFF
to allow the passage of an Austrian reinforcement
through his dominions for the purpose of afford-
ing succour to the enemies of civil and re-
ligious liberty in Naples, will, yet awhile,
call down any decided expression of wrath from the
Palace of FERDINAND. METTERNICH is not yet
sufficiently prepared for such a movement of audacity.
The pear is not yet ripe. METTERNICH can tarry
for a more favourable opportunity, and METTERNIcu
wild tarry for that opportunity, unless some blunder
on the part of the newly awakened principalities lure
him On to a premature attestation of his designs. It
consequently becomes a matter of extraordinary
s poeriincitaunde
tto all who aspire to behold the perfect and
emaar:ochirpiaettiy7aorfestohleutliotanl,iaannsdtao
consistentrecognise among them
unanimity
such as may procrastinate the overt oppo-
sition of the KAISAII,
andbypr
Princesecure its
ErultimateE n
N disappointment.procrastinating it tend to
Cenough
ll will have to ergross
' his attention in guarding againstinsurrections in
Venetian Lombardy. The principles of liberality
are contagious. Can that contagion be prevented ?
In defiance of all experience, in defiance of the
asser
tions of history, in defiance o' their own reasons, the
statesmen of Vienna will believe that such is possible,
and in pursuance of that idea they will strive to keep
the doctrines of GIOBERTI from the precincts of
Milan. As well might they attempt to stay the pro-
gress of the Cholera by a rigid system of quarantine ! As
well might they attempt to prevent the sunlight from

shining upon the Lombardo• Venetians ! Their

recen

endeavours to crush the first efforts

of the liberal Sovereigns of the Peninsula, their

incursions upon the states of the Church, and their
insolent bearing to the Cardinal Legate of Ferrara
have rendered the prolonged retention of Northern
Italy impossible. Venetian Lombardy is already
preparing to shake off the yoke of the foreigner, and
to arise from its protracted thraldom. The tocsin
even now sounds in the hearts and imaginations
of its inhabitants. It would indeed be preposterous
to expect that they could continue impassive and un-
affected while their compatriots were elevating
themselves to distinction among the nations of Chris-
tendom, and proclaiming to the whole world the re-
viviscense of their nationality. The light of liberty
has streamed and is streaming upwards from the
south; it has advanced from Rome to Tuscany,
from Tuscany to Piedmont—it will next proceed
from Piedmont to Venetian Lombardy. There is no
staying the current of this sublime tide, and if any
attempt is made to stay it we shall have an
incident in the modern history of Austria,
analogous to one of the most memorable
incidents In the ancient history of England. The
frontiers of Lombardy will be the shore of the great
tide of popular opinion—METTERNICH and his col-
leagues will be the flatterers—FEßDlNAND will be
CANUTE. Happy that man who is destined to be the
historian of this new epoch ! for he will look back
upon the discomfiture of Austrian cupidity and the
liberation of the Italian people. As yet these things
have to happen, but they are as certain to be the con-
sequence of the occupation and evacuation of Fer-
rara, as though they had already transpired. SILVIO
PELLICO may not be the last of the captives of the
tyrant of Vienna, but he will be the last who will
ever appeal to the patriotism of his fellow-country-
men without a response. The sword is raised at
Schoenbrum, but the arm is paralysed.

The Emperor of AUSTRIA has convoked the Die
of Hungary for the 7th November.

The cholera continues to advance in Russia, and
nearly by the same route by which it arrived in
1831. It has reached the] environs of Toula, distant
40 miles from Moscow.

The Helvetic of the 2d says :
" Before quitting Switzerland for Italy, Lord Minto
had a conference at Lucerne with the representatives
of Switzerland, France, Austria, and Prussia. The
English diplomatist wished to view with his own
eyes men and things, which had been represented to
his Government by M. Morier and by Mr. Peel in
diametrically opposite lights. It is said that he did
not long remain in doubt, and that his judgment is
entirely favourable to the cause of the federal
majority. An official dispatch from the English
Minister for Foreign Affairs has made the Directory
acquainted with the mission of Lord Minto. In this
document Lord Palmerston uses terms expressive
of great goodwill towards the federal authority, and
speaks in a manner most honourable to its president,
M. Ochsenbein. His language bears no resemblance
to that of M. Bois le Comte. We may be assured
that England will oppose every species of foreign in-
tervention in the affairs of Switzerland and Italy."
We learn from the Swiss Federal Gazette of the
2d instant, that the Grand Council of Appenzell had
instructed its Deputy in the Diet to vote for the
dissolution of the Sonderbund by pacific means, but
that should the minority of the cantons refuse to
submit, he was to recommend recourse to coercive
measures.

Letters from Rome of the 28th announce the eva-
cuation of Ferrara by the Austrians, on the 25th.
Orders to that effect were, it is said, dispatched from
Vienna, immediately on the receipt of the POPE'S
ultimatum by the Cabinet of Austria.
Addresses arrive from all the provinces of the Ro-
man states, each more strongly than the other, ex-
pressing the devoted love and attachment of the people
for their SOVEREIGN. It has been decided that a mo-
nument shall be erected on the Pincian Hill in honour
of Pius IX., and perpetuating the memory of his
having instituted the civic guard. It will be formed
of the magnificent antique column preserved in the
court of the Palace on Monte Cetorio. On the top
will be placed a statue of Clemency; below will ba
the four cardinal virtues, and on the pedestal bassi
relievi, in allusion to the institution of the civic guard.
The idea was given by Prince PsoMuxro and
CICIRULCIIIO, and I\l. CeurizvALl, the architect, has
made the designs. The cost is to be covered by vo-
luntary subscriptions. The receipts are expected to
exceed the expense, and the surplus is to be applied
in the purchase of artillery for the civic guard.
A letter from Venice announces that the city is
about to send eight remarkably fine pieces of cannon
as a present to his HOLINESS.
The Grand Duke of TUSCANY has again made
changes in his Ministry. The Marquis RIDOLFI
takes the place of M. PAVER as Minister of the In-
terior, and Count SERRISTORI is made Minister of
Foreign Affairs. The new Ministers have signalised
their accession to power by a measure which will
meet with general approbation. The Prefecture of
Police, the arbitrary authority of which bad in a
multitude of cases paralysed the action of the laws,
has been deprived of its independence. This is the
first step towards a separation between the judicial
and administrative powers in Tuscany. This Minis-
terial modification has been provoked, it seems, by the
resignation of the Marquis CORSINI, Governor of
Leghorn, who was only a few days ago appointed
Minister of Foreign Affairs. If we are to credit the
reports in circulation at Florence, the retirement of
M. CORSINI was in consequence of a new constitution
which the new Ministry had presented to the cons
deration of the GRAND DUKE.

The official journal of the Neapolitan Government
of the 27th ult. affirms that tranquillity has been
completely restored in Sicily and Calabria. The
article concludes with the following announcement, the
ridiculous absurdity of which is calculated to throw
a doubt on all the assertions of the official journal.
"We repeat," says this journal, " without any re-
servation, that the brigands of Calabria do not exceed
twelve, eight of whom may be expected to surrender
from one moment to the other."
According to accounts received from the seat of the
insurrection! the] Calabrian: insurgents hadj offered
to lay down their arms, provided the KIN° would
change his Ministry, and adopt certain reforms.
His MAJESTY, however, rejected the offer, and en-
joined the Generals commanding in Calabria to
pursue the rebels with more vigour and severity
than ever.

The Royalist troops are, however, insufficient for
this purpose, and the insurgents is spreading in
every direction. The troops, it is said, in many in-
stances, refuse to act, and it is by no means impro-
bable that some of them will join the insurgents.
A letter from Naples, of the 27th ult., states
that a letter,
.addressed by Lord PALMERSTON
to the KING, reminding him of the execution
of the convention concluded in 1816 with Eng-
land,
by which the King of NAPLES engaged to
convoke the States of Sicily and to submit to
them every plan for increasing the taxation of
the country, had caused his AIAJESTY great dis-
pleasure. King FERDINAND, after having consulted
the Austrian Cabinet as to Lord PALMERSTON'
S
note, has, it is said, replied to his Lordship, that Ids
note could now produce no effect, inasmuch as the
States of Sicily had been dissolved by royal or-.
donnance.

Several persons of distinction in Naples have been
arrested.

Madrid papers of the 30th ult. have arrived.
The Gaceta of that date publishes a series of de-
crees for carrying into effect Senor ESCOSURA'S
plan for the civil government of Spain. The king-
dom is divided into eleven districts, called Civil Go-
vernments-General, each of which will be presided
over by a Civil Governor-General, who will have
under him a civil governor in each province within
his jurisdiction, and civil delegates in every town and
districtvalese changes are calculated greatly to I
benefit in by diminishing the power of the.l
military chiefs, and by effecting a saving of 3,000,000
reals per annum. The system comes into operation
on the 15th instant. Senor VENTURA DE LA VEGAS Private Secretary to the QUEEN, will, it is said, beeshortly appointed Under-Secretary for Foreign
ohi
withiia n
Embassy.aintimationAffairs, and will be succeeded as Private Secretary to
the QUEEN by General GALLZGO. After his inter-
view with the Minister of
Foreign Affairs, NAavAEz
was,
tenderedhowever, hi his t
sen resignationof th
back
arlt
from the Minister thatt them Q s
UEEN declined to

MADRID BOLSA, SEPT. 30.—The Three Lentens.
were done at 26 for cash; the Four per
~ at

; the Five per Cents., at 17i; the Debt without
Interest, at 51 for paper; and the Coupons, at 14..

We have received the Paris papers of Tuesday.
The Univers publishes a letter from Rome of the
29th ult., announcing the evacuation of Ferrara by
the Austrian troops on the 25th ult. " That event,"
says the Univers, "is equivalent for Austria and her
allies to the loss of a pitched battle, and adds consi-
derably to the glory already acquired by the Sove-
reign PONTIFF. That peaceable victory guarantees
the independence of the powers, called in Europe
feeble and secondary, against the encroachments and
intervention of those called powerful and strong; but
what affects us Catholics most deeply is, that it en-
sures the emancipation of the Church and frees it
from the guardianship and oppression of the great
European Colossi. We can now witness the result
of the crooked policy of M. GUIZOT and of his im-
prudent alliance with Austria. It has destroyed, as
regards Papacy, the traditions of several ages and
the ties of sympathy which united France with the
entire of Italy. Thus, the position of M. Rossi is
no longer tenable ; I have been assured that he has
obtained an unlimited leave of absence, and that he
will quit Rome in a few days. Prince ALBERT DE
BROGLIE, who lately arrived here with dispatches
from the French Government, departed almost im-
mediately afterwards for Florence."
The Constitutionnel, in the course of a long article
on the financial crisis, recommends the holders of
railway scrip to " hold on." It says—
"lf we examine the railways independently of the
present crisis, it does not appear that the bona fide
shareholder should feel any great alarm. In fact,
nothing has occurred to cause a real diminution in
the intrinsic value of the lines ; far from that, the
decline in the price of shares coincides with an in-
crease of receipts, which is so much the more re-
markable that it takes place in spite of the falling off
which has occurred in different branches of industry.
The receipts of the Orleans Railway during the first
three-quarters amount to 7,519,000 f., being 811,000 f.
more than during the corresponding period of last
year. Those of the Rouen Railway have risen to
7,409,000 f., being 1,400,000 E more. The section of
the Orleans and Tours Railway yielded last week
96,0001. instead of 78,000 E, which it produced during
the corresponding week of 1846. The receipts of the
Rouen and Havre Railway have been upwards of
2,000,000 E for the first six months. The receipts of
the Northern Railway are continually on the increase ;
its weekly returns have attained 400,0001. ; the produce
of the first 9 months of the year amount to 10,792,000 f.,
and it is probable that it will be 15,000,0001. for the
whole year. This railway is now about to under-
take the conveyance of coal, which will be brought
from the frontier to Paris for 17f. the ton. The early
opening of several sections of other railways is an-
nounced. One of the first will be that from Creil to
Compiegne. The line will be prolonged to St.
Quentin, but will not obtain its greatest traffic until
it be continued to Maubeuge. When the railway
from Charleroy to Erquelinnes shall be completed,
this line will be the veritable road from Paris to Cologne
and Germany, for it will be shorter by twenty-five
lea sues than than by Amiens, Valenciennes, and
Brussels. We shall also soon see opened a section of
the railway from Marseilles to Avignon, that which
is comprised between the Psis des Lanciers and the
Durance. This railway is one of those which have
suffered most severely from the reaction ; but the
opening of the line will probably restore confidence,
by showing that the traffic is sufficient to make up
for the miscalculations which were made with respect
to the cost of its construction. The opening of the
second section of the Amiens to Boulogne line is
expected to take place towards the end of October.
There is, however, a part of it between Nesles and
Boulogne, 10 kilometres, which will have to he
served by omnibuses, and which will not be com-
pleted before next spring. It is to be hoped that the
Paris and Lyons Company will be able to open the
section from Paris to Tonnerre, or at least a portion
of it, in the course of the next year. We are assured,
moreover, that the directors of the railway from
Montereau to Troyes have definitively fixed the
opening of the line for the Ist of April next."
The same journal announces that Reform banquets
are to take place at Cosne on the 17th instant, at
which M. MANUEL, Deputy for Nevers, will take
the chair, and at which M. DUVERGIEIL DE RAE..
RANNE, and several other members of the Chamber
of Deputies, are to be present; at Blois, where two
hundred electors have already subscribed towards the
expenses ; and that in Franche Comte the Reformers
have .3.t.ormined to have a series of banquets. These
banquets are e videuoy ,ctusing great alarm to the
Government, as it is impossible to grapple with such
peaceful and legal assemblages ; but we once more
impress upon the Reformers of France the neces-
sity of continuing the admirable line of conduct
which they have hitherto pursued. Let no taunt,
no insult, no violence, ever induce them to break the
law—that the Government merely wants an excuse
to let loose upon them an armed soldiery, is evident
from the conduct which it has pursued at Lyons,
where, according to the Censeur de Lyons, the troops
employed to disperse some groups of curious persons,
who had assembled before the convent of St. Denis
in that city, had been supplied with ball cartridge,
and that cannon was ready to be employed at a mo-
ment's notice. " What," says the Censeur, "is to
be thought of a Government which has recourse to
musketry and cannon to disperse the smallest assem-
blage r It is in vain that the Ministerialists endea-
vour to sow discord in the ranks of the Reformers,
by endeavouring to produce a collision between the
exaltado and the moderate Reformers. All are agreed
that it is necessary, to use a phrase of O'CONNELL'S,
to go to Hounslow, and is is not because some de-
sire to go to Windsor, that those who intend to re-
main at Hounslow should refuse to journey in their
company. Thefoltvi u following
thearticlewofrrodminthietsNFartzeonncahl
shows how loyally (
sense) the Republicans are acting in concert with the
more moderate Reformers :

Nothing, in our opinion," says the National,
" demonstrates better the importance and utility of
electoral banquets than the rage against them by
which the Ministerial journals are inspired. The
abuse Rast upon the honourabe citizens who take part
in them, the sarcasms poured forth on the speakers,
are all proofs of the uneasi▪
ness of the Court journals.
It was believed that France was for ever set asleep,
but her awaking proves how vain were the hopes
founded on her repose. We do not deceive ourselves
as to the bearing of the Reform meetings, nor do we
exaggerate their utility. We are aware that the
greater number of those who thus assemble still
maintain illusions in whi▪
ch we cannot participate.
They have, moreover, taken care to tell us that they
do not despair of our institutions. It is, however,
inconicestable that the necessity for obliging the
Government to resume a constitutional course, from
which it is deviating more and more every day, is
becoming more manifest amongst the privileged
classes. The sentiment whi▪
ch prevails amongst them
was clearly stated at Orleans. The men who
served as the organ of that party are above suspicion.
They belong, for the greater part, to the friends of
moderation, and their language derives a weight
from their personal position which cannot be
mistaken. For these reasons the embarrassment
of the Ministerial journals to find a reply to the at-
tacks coming from such a quarter is great. It is even
curious to compare the gross abuse of the Govern-
mont press with the language, no doubt warm, which
has provoked such fury. Truth has no need to bor-
row words of persuasion from the fish market, and
we are sufficiently accustomed in France to believe
that abuse is not argument. In place of asserting
alternately, with equal bad faith, that the country
takes no interest in political reform, and that Reform
banquets will throw France into confusion, it would
be better, in our opinion, to confess that those meet-
ings constitute a great fact to which attention should
be paid. It cannot be pretended to persuade men
endowed with any common sense that presidents of
the royal courts, deputies, mayors, members of the
general councils, electors, all belonging to the class in
possession of power, assemble for the pure pleasure of
making speeches, or for that which would be still
more serious—to destroy public order and to
create confusion. Communism, we believe, was
not seated at the banquet of Chateau Rouge, or
of Strasburg, or of St. Quentin, or of Orleans,
or of Meaux. It was the middle classes, re-
presented by electors, who spoke, and who sub-
stantiated their grievances and their wishes. At
what, then, is the Government alarmed ? Public
order is not imperilled, no party menaces any legiti-
mate interest, property and family count as many
defenders as guests at those banquets. Are there any
other interests exclusive of those fundamental bases
of our social organization which incur any danger ?
Let us have an explanation on that head. We have
nothing to learn ; but we should be glad, for the
edification of the country, to hear the system repudiate
its origin. It would be well that those who pretend
to represent the expression of the national will should
avow their hatred for the principle of the sovereignty
of the people. Their acts, during 17 years, have all
been directed with a view to acquire an exclusive
power, a particular action, independent of those rival
iowers which constitute the representative sysystem.The government has been conducted with Cham-
bers as if they did not not exist. That was not
Aenough. The reasoning of the system goes further.

It says we must govern without them, and against
them, if necessary. This is the reason why re-
form has its terrors. And, in fact, see what will
arrive if the electoral suffrage be extended, and the
country be really represented. A system, evidently
in opposition with the necessities, with the ideas,
and with the general interests of :the nation, must
fall on the first collision. If this were not the case,
why should the Government resist, with the energy
of despair, every_ species of progress ? It has been
said, that by means of refirms we dispense wiili
revolution. That is true as regards governments
whose existence is not in contradiction to the very
nature of the society which they direct. As for the
latter, the development of political institutions is a
pledge of duration and augmentation of strength, in-
asmuch as they become consolidated as the basis is
enlarged on which they are founded. But when, is
the contrary, the Government constitutes itself inon
state of privilege in the midst of social order—when a
pretends to exist, as we have just now said, indepenit
dently of every-day life, in that case it is easy to
comprehend that as it has no root it must fall on the
day when the nation, mistress of itself, shall establish
her legitimate domination. Nothing is more
evident. If the present regime was conscious
that it responded to a real necessity, and that it re-
presented some legitimate object, it would not so
much fear reform—it would be sure of being com-
prised in that great mass of various interests which
general interests would assimilate without destroying.
But it wants confidence in its utility. Even at pre-
sent it uses all the privileges which surround it as a
defence, and it shelters itself behind electoral mono-
poly, as if it were a fortress. To consent to reform
would be equivalent to suffering its fortifications to
be rased ; and it pretends, on the contrary, to fortify
itself by all means. If we are in error, it is easy
to convince us by yielding to the wish expressed by
public opinion. But if the Government resists and
obstinately refuses, we shall be entitled to assert that
the Government is actually without the pale of the
nation ; and if such be the case, it has only to take
counsel of itself in order to be saved, if necessary, in
spite of itself. For these reasons we desire to see
Reform banquets multiplied, not for the mere plea-
sure of hearing a system of policy stigmatised of
which we have long known all that is to be expected
from it, but in order that public opinion, manifesting
itself by all legal channels, the Government can no
longer be permitted to elude the question without
placing itself in a state of insurrection against the
nation."

Marshal SOULT attended the funeral of the late
Marshal OUDINOT (Duke of Reggio), which took
place on Tuesday, at the Invalides. SOULT has, it
appears, at length accepted the Governorship of the
Invalides, and received the appointment on Tuesday.
M. DEVRESSE, the editor of the Courrier Francais,
was on Monday prosecuted before the Court of As-
sizes of Paris, for the publication of the following
libel (copied from the lndependant of Brussels),
on M. HOCIIET, Member of the Council of
State, and M. DUMON, the Minister of Fi-
nance :—" Much at this moment is being said
about a certain inscription of I,ooof. rente given
by Baron DE R. (RornscniLD) to M. H. (Ho-
citEr), a member of the Council of State, on the
day of his marriage with the daughter of the
Dli-
nister D. The present was made in acknowledg-
ment for the concession of the Northern Railroad."
A postponement of the trial was requested by the
advocate of M. DEVRESSE, on the ground of sudden
indispo:iition, and refused by the Court. Judgment
was therefore suffered to go by default, and the Court
condem tied. M. DEVRESSE to twelve months' imprison-
ment, to pay a fine of 6,000 f., and all the costs of the
prosecution ; giving no damages to the prosecutors,
their counsel having in their name declined to make
any such claim until the nature of the defence to be
set up by M. DEVRESSE should be known.

The Courrier Francais publishes the following
observations on this trial :

" M. A. Devresse, responsible editor of this journal,
was yesterday condemned by defanit, on the prosecu-
tion of the Minister of Finance. Our advocate, M.
Madier de Montjean, having been suddenly seized
with serious indisposition, demanded a postponement
for a short time. The Courrier Francais, however,
neither ;can nor will add anything to what it has al-
ready said. It merely refers to the explanations which
it gave at the first."
The hrwG has returned to St. Cloud from La Fert6
Vidame.

The Chamber of Commerce of St. Malo have peti-
tioned tl le Government to prohibit the exportation of
potatoes- It appears that although the wheat crop
has be( m. abundant, the black corn has suffered
in many places, there is scarcely half a crop of pota-
toes, w'aile there remains no portion of the last year's
crop of wheat on hand.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse
on Tuet day at 75f. 25c. ; the Five per Cents., 1141.
50c. ; tlae Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,150 f.; Rouen,
895 f. ; Havre, 521 f. 25c. ; Great Northern, 513 f. 75c.
Avignon, 5121. 50c.; Vierzon, 532 f. 50c.; Bordeaux,
445 f. ; Dieppe, 2501.; Basle, 157 f. 50c.; Paris and
Strasbourg, 3861. 25c.; Tours and Nantes, 360 f. ;
Paris aad Lyons, 375 f. ; Lyons and Avignon, 460 f.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, OCTOBER G.
Bouloi pie and Amiens, 13A—Central of France (Orleans
and Viu rzon), 141A—Namur and Liege, 31,4—Northern of
France, 10--Orleans and Bordeaux, 3%Paris and Lyons,
4%—Paris .and Rouen, 341,4—Rouen and Havre, 193/4.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER 7'o THREI
The Cotton Market at Liverpool yesterday was in a
" wretched " condition, and purchases could be made for
cash, upon greatly reduced terms, prices, however, being
very irregular. American was full id. per lb. lower
than on Friday last, and Surat and Brazil. were /d.
cheaper. Sales 4,000 bales.—Shares were in steadier
demand, and the market was better.
There was considerable inquiry for shares at Messrs.
Lamond's sale of shares yesterday, and the more specula.
tive stocks were easily sold at full prices. The following
are a few of the principal sales :
North British, Extension 0 10 0
Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A) 3 2 0
Eastern Counties, York Extension 8 5 0
South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4 4 0 0
Taw Vale Extension and Dock . 1 11 0
North Staffordshire
Northern Counties Union 0 6 0
Great Northern .... 3 1 0

The arrival of the Teviot steamer from the West
Indies has been announced, and there is much interest
felt to learn the news from Mexico.
South Australian papers of May 5 are just to hand.
The emigrant ship Theresa had arrived from London
in 104 days, with 239 persons on board, and it is highly
creditable to the parties connected with the vessel to
state that the emigrants expressed themselves in the
warmest possible terms at their treatment on the
voyage, and the comforts provided for them.
There are said to be letters in town from Hamburgh,
via Hull, announcing one, if not more than one, failure.
From Leipsic we learn that the fair had gone off well,
though the English manufactures did not sell so well as
German fabrics. At Berlin the wool trade has been
rather brisk.
The sales of grain in the provincial markets are in-
creasing greatly. Last week they amounted to 125,084
quarters of wheat and 40,320 quarters of barley.
The produce markets here are much depressed, owing
to the heavy quantities pressed upon them by parties in
want of money, and importers must be sustaining serious
losses. The following is a report of the provision trade
at Liverpool:—
Cheese—Our market is pretty well cleared of this
article. About 700 boxes of good quality, just landed,
were sold at auction on the 30th inst., and realised 50s
to 555. per cwt. A really fine article would have sold
higher. Our import for the month has been 2,066 boxes.
Beef—There has been a fair demand for this article,
the trade selecting all the finer parcels, of which there
are very few left. Inferior qualities are completely ne-
glected; some are offering at about 75e., which, although
designated "India," do not find buyers even at this low
price.

- Pork—But little impression is making upon our large
stock. Ireland continues to take a few strips at former
rates, and the shipping trade very sparingly. " Prime"
is nearly unsaleable, except at extreme low rates.
Bacon—Our stock of this article is trifling, but it
is more than sufficient for the demand, which is nearly
suspended. The quantity entered at the Custom-house
for the month is 62 tons.
Onions—Our own crop is so large this year, arid the
price so low, 4s. to ss. per cwt , that there will be no
opening for American ; the few that have been received
have sold at ss. per cwt.
The Money Market continues with but little altera-
tion, and the same unwillingness to loan, even upon the
best securities, is exhibited by the bankers. The Bank
of England will have large amounts payable to it ere
the dividends become payable, but may not be in a
position to employ them in renewed discounts until
after the dividends are paid, viz., on the 13th instant,
when we should be greatly pleased to hope that matters
may become a little easier.
The Funds opened tolerably well, but have gone back
a little since. Consols have been 84k to 84i I for Trans-
fer, and 84/ for Account. The Bank of England
having allowed a few loans on Exchequer-bills to run
on, matters are somewhat better in respect to that
security, but the prices are still very heavy, viz., 15s,
to 235. discount.
The Foreign Stock Market is flat. Spanish Five per
Cents. are nomimally 17/ to 18/ ; Portuguese Four
per Cents. 21 to 23 ; Mexican 181 to 184 ; Brazilian 75
to 78; and Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 52fr to 53/.
Railway Shares have not varied materially, but are
in some instances a little flatter, and in others firmer, as
the list of prices will show.
BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
3 per Cent. Consols Anns 84%1,%
Consols for Account ...... 84:4%
Exchequer Bills. 2d.
1,0001.
500/.
Small
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent
Ditto for the Account 7B
Ditto New Bonds, 1829 and 1839 76%
Grenada, 1 per Cent. . ......
Mexican Bonds, 1846, 5 per Cent.
Ditto for the Account lB%
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch 2% per Cents.
Ditto for the Account
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates
Ditto for the Account

BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK
RAILWAYS. PAID. PIER SHARE.
Aberdeen
Amber., Notting., Boston, &c. 2%....... ... to
Ayrshire and Galloway
Belfast and County Down .. 10 .. ..
Birmingtam & Oxford June-. 15
Birmingham, Wol., & Dudley 10 ... . 141 i to
Birming., Wol., & Stour Val. 8
Birkenhead, Laacashire, and •
Cheshire Junction 614 — ...... to
Boston, Stamf , & Birming... 5
Bristol and Meter
Do., Thirds
Buckinghamshire.. Bl. 4s —
Caledonian
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Clydesdale Junction 40
Chester and Holyhead... 32%.....
Ditto, Preference
Cheltenham and Oxford
Clarence. ....
Do., Ist Class, 6 per Cent... 10
Do., 2d Class, 5 per Cent... 10
Do., Gov. Loan, 4 per Cent. 10
Dublin and Belfast Junction.. 20
Dundalk and Enniskillen ... 121,/ ......
East Anglia, 25/, L. & E.
awl L. & D.
Ditto, 181., E. & H lB —
Ditto, 31. .os., E. & H... 1
Eastern, Counties
Do. Perpet., 5 per ct. No. 1,6/. 13s. 4d par to
Do., d 0....... N 0.2,6/. 138.4 d...
Do., York Extension
Do., Northern & Eastern— 50
Do., Quarters .... .. ........ 12%...
Do., New
Eastern Union 5O
Ditto, Quarter Shares
Ditto., Thirds .. ......... ...13s. 4d — to
East Lancashire
Ditto, New .. ........... .... • 13
Do., do., Extension Scrip... 114 — to
East Lincolnshire ... 9
Edinburgh and Glasgow 5O ......
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Quarter Shares 121,!
Edinburgh and Northern ... 20
Ditto, New..... ... ......... ... 21/2 to
Ditto, New port 7
Ditto, ditto, New l% — ...... to
Edinburgh and Perth
Ditto, Extension ... 10s.
Exeter, Yeovil, & Dorchester 2% — ...... to
Ditto, New
Glasg., Dumfries, & Carlisle..Bl. 62.8 d... •• to
Glasgow, Kilmarnock, & Ayr 50 — to
Ditto, New
Do.Y4 Shares (5 per ct.gua.) 12%
..
... to
.....
Great Northern ... 8
Do. London & York Exten. 2% — to
Gt. South. & West. (Ireland) 35 ......
Great North of England 100 ......220
Ditto, New 40/ 5 ...... ...... to
Ditto, New 301.
Great Ditto, New 151 ll/6 ..».• . ... to
Western
Ditto, Quarter Shares ls
Ditto, Fifths
Do. New 171. 7 ...... 8
Huddersfield and Manchester 22 .. ...
Ditte, Thirds
Hull and Selby SO
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Quarter Shares .. 121,E — to
Ipswich & Bury St. Edmunds 15
Do. do. and Norwich
Do., do., Extension Scrip
to
to --
Lanc(allter (artCadmcba.rliasnled...E. lyi. 2_9lh —.......

Do., Thirds... lO ...... 12
to
Lancashire
natifl andsha r Yorkshirees
82
82
-38 •...... ..... to
14% 121,4 to
Ditto Fifths 6% 6% to 7
Ditto Sixteenths ... • 614.-- 6;4••••• to
iHrdtirters
Ditto Thirds (Rag.) 7l. 4s .......
Do. Liverpool and Bury... 34 ...... • ..• to
Do. (Hudders. and Sheff.) 28 ......
Do., Wakefield, Pontefract,
and Goole 42IA _
""•• to
Do., West Riding Union ...41. 25....,,
••• ••• to
Do., Preston and Wyre ... 25
Do., do., Half Shares (A) 9
...
__ • to
......... to
Ditto ditto
Leeds and Bradford ...... 45 .. ... 84 •
. . t
(B) "A ..... ..... to
Leicester and Bedford ......... 16s. .. .- • too Leeds, Dewsbury, & Manches. 37% .....
Do., Branch % Shares..,,,, 714
Ditto, New Branch (blue).. 21/2
Ditto, Extension (green)... 21,:2 ......
Leeds and Thirsk
Ditto, New .... ... l7l/2
.„.
Do., do., Prefer., 6 per Cent. WA.. .... •••••• to
Liverpool, Crosby, and South-
port.
Liverpool, Manchester, and
Newcastle Junction. ...... ... 21A — •••••• to
London & Blackwall...l6/. 13s. 4d 5 .. ... to
Ditto New, No. 1. .
Ditto New, No. 2 3l. 13s. 4d.... 2 dis.... to
Do. Extension
Loud., Bright., & South Coast 50
Do. Consolidated Eighths... 20
Do. Guaranteed 5 per Cent. 9 ..„,. .
Do. Pref. Cony. 5 per Cent. 50