The Sun.
London, England, 1847-12-21 00:00:00

PUBLICATIONS.

This Day Is published,
N ° N D THE N,
By SAMUEL WARREN, Esq., F.R.S.,
Author of " Ten Thousand a Year," and " Diary of a Late Physi-
cian," in One thick Yoltume royal post Svo., price One Guinea, half
bound in morocco.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. To be had
of all Booksellers.

FIRST WORK Or A NEW NOVELIST.
Now ready at all the Libraries,
JANE EYRE. An Autobiography.
Edited by CURRER BELL.
Three vols. post Svo., 11. I Is. 6d. cloth.
"A. book of decided power. The thoughts are true sound, and
original. The object and moral of the work are excellent."—Exa-
miner.
" Reality—deep, significant reality—is the characteristic of this
book."—Fraser's Magazine.
" One of the most powerful domestic romances which have been
published for many years."—Atlas.
"The most extraordinary production that has Issued from the press
for years."—Weekly Chronicle.
" Original, vigorous, edifying, and absorbingly interesting."—Jer-
rold's Newspaper.
" Of all the novels we have read for years this is the most striking
and the most interesting."—Economist.
Louden : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

"A WONDERFUL SIXPENNYWORTH of
INFORMATION."—Ltterary Gazette.
" There is not, nor ever has been, an Almanack or Calendar equal
to this. Every homily should possess it."—Carlisle Journal.
" Worth ten times the price it is published at."—Manchester
Guardian.
" All the Almanacks of the season fall into insignificance when
placed in juxtaposition with the POST MAGAZINE ALMANACK."
—Standard.
" The thing is altogether a wonder."—Berwick Warder.
100 pages royal, price 6d.
and all Booksellers.
To be had of W. S. D. Pateman, Wine Office-court, Fleet-street;

SOUTH LANCASHIRE ELECTION.
An election, to supply the vacancy caused by the
determination of the doubly-elected lion. C. P.
Villiers to sit for Wolverhampton, was held yesterday
at ten o'clock, in the large room of the Horse and. Jockey Inn, Newton-in-the-Willows. Mr. Alex-
ander Henry, a Liberal, was the only candidate, and
it will be seen by the sequel that no opposition was
made to his return. Special trains were run from
both Liverpool and,Manchester, and the result was a
very numerous gathering of electors.
Mr. R. COBDEN, on presenting himself, was re-
ceived with loud applause. After expressing appro-
bation of the former return of Mr. Villiers as a due
testimony to his great exertions, he stated that the
same committee who had conducted his election had
chosen Mr. Henry. He said it was not at all inapt
that the first merchant in Manchester and the first
merchant in Liverpool should represent South Lan-
cashire. Mr. Henry, who was the friend of civil
and religious liberty, was in favour of the ballot,
and he (Mr. Cobden) had never heard a rational
objection urged against it. (A Voice--" How do you
like that Mr. Brown ?"—Laughter.) The very
parties who did object,, singularly enough, came from
the Carlton and other Conservative clubs, in which
the ballot was employed. The ballot was not
only used in America, but when he was in Spain, the
election for the Co rtes was so conducted ; and every
parish and village in Russia had not only household
suffrage, but vote by ballot.—(Hear hear, and loud
applause.) Then Mr. Henry was a Church and State
reformer, and he (Mr. Cobden) believed there was
not now any party in the community which was not
favourable to Church reform.—(Applause.) Mr.
Henry had also declared himself the uncompromising
advocate of free trade, not only in corn, but he would
be prepared to carry his views on commercial sub-
jects deeper than the corn-laws, and would be able to
deal with it in all its ramifications, for his experience
enabled him to judge of the effects of restriction upon
commerce not only in corn, but in all other articles.
Other subjects would also occupy the attention of
Parliament. There were the navigation laws. This
was a subject with which Mr. Henry and Mr.
Brown were as competent to deal, probably, as any
man in the House of Commons. Then there was
the question of the sugar duties, which would, in
all probability, be brought on by the friends of
the restrictive system. There was a great outcry
in the colonies against any tampering with the sugar
duties. The planters asked for more protection, to
bring them out of their difficulties. Why, had they
not had protection ? What could he (Mr. Cobden)
adduce as a better proof of the results of protection
than the present state of the West India interests ?
(Hear, hear.) But there was another view of the
free trade question which he ventured to say his
friend Mr. Henry would be disposed to take. He
(Mr. Cobden) wanted not only free trade in corn, in
sugar, and in shipping; he did not want that we
should have only sugar and bread for our mouths,
but he wanted the spirit of free trade to enter into
the hearts of the community.—(Hear, hear, and ap-
plause.) He wanted the Legislature to be alive to
the great moral revolution which free trade neces-
sarily implied, if it was understood. He and the
party with whom he acted proposed to abolish, or, at
all events, greatly to modify, our navigation laws ;
to give free access to our ports to the ships of other
countries, coming from all parts of the world,
bringing all kinds of produce, without regard to
What
differenti
dad l duties or protection to native industry.
that imply ? It implied a growing
sympathy and dependence between the people
of
this country and the people of the whole civilized
world. Well, to what must that conduct us ?
Must it not conduct us, if we were right in our prin-
ciples, to a spirit of friendship, of amity, and peace
throughout the world ?—(Loud applause.) If this,
then, was the moral tendency of their principles (and
he himself should never have given twelve months'
work if he did not think it was), what was the use of
increasing our armament or.our fortifications?—(Hear
and applause) He had ventured to express this
opinion at Stockport the other day ; and what he then
said had been misrepresented. It had been assumed
that he had said there he would save the country
17,000,0001., being the whole expense of the army,
navy, and ordnance. "Gentlemen," continued Mr.
Cobden, "I did not propose anything so good as that
--(Laughter)—but what I said was this, that if we
are right in our free-trade principles, we must be
a year after we have adopted them, we
A
bveegryinwpruotntg if,
ing up
fortifications.—
that the great item in our expenditurein this country,
upon which we could make a diminution of our ex-
pp
) I said
fortifications.—(Applause.)
ex-
penses, was that horrible item of 17,000,0001. a year
for our army, navy, and ordnance ; and I said then,
as now, that if we,could not make a reduction in that
item, I did not think we could make any reduction in
our taxes, which would be sensibly felt in the pockets of
the people. I said that the reduction could only be
made by a change in public opinion in this country,
by having free trade, not only in our ledgers and our
counting-houses, but having it in our hearts, and
having faith in our principles.—(Loud applause.)
Now, since I came into this room, a gentleman has
put into my hands a paper on the subject of the
tea duties. I have not read it ; but I can guess
what it is.—(Laughter.) They want a reduction ;
to have ls. a pound duty upon tea instead of 2s.
Well, it is a necessary and proper change.—(Loud
applause.) Then comes the question, how will you
supply its place, how make up the revenue ? (Hear,
hear.) Now, I perfectly concur with the gentleman
that it would be to the advantage of the people of this
country to make that change; nay more, I go fur-
ther, and say, that if you could make a reduction of
ls a pound on tea, it would do more good in extend-
ing your trade in China than by sending out two or
three line-of-battle ships, or taking possession of
territory in the Indian Archipelago to serve as a
sort of half-way house.—(Cheers.) Reduce your
tea duties, and you will have an augmentation
of your trade with China without another line-of-
battle ship or another regiment being sent there._..
(Loud applause.) But, gentlemen, you want the
money—you want the means, to reduce this taxation,
and I see no one who comes forward to reduce the
expenditure who meets this difficulty. They have
different plans of shifting the expenditure, but shift
it as you will, gentlemen, you will find the load will
gall your shoulders, place it as you may.—(Laugh-
ter.) Now, lam one who believe that this country
has nothing to fear from any country so long as you
advance in the present principles of free commercial
intercourse with all the world. The great jealousy,
rivalry, and hatred which the world entertains to-
wards us has arisen from the monopoly of this coun-
try—(Hear, hear)—from the grasping ambition
which has led us to seize upon territory, to have its
exclusive possession; but the moment you proclaim
to the civilized world not only that your ports are
open, and your colonies open (for the latter claim it
now), the moment you abandon the privileges
of the navigation-laws, that moment you
change the feeling of the civilized world,
now against you, and they will be as ready
to enter into peaceful relations with you, to
maintain an amicable understanding, as they have
on former occasions to display a spirit of antagonism,
occasioned by your monopolies, and the spirit of war
and aggression which this country has manifested
during the last century.—(Loud applause.) I do