The Sun.
London, England, 1824-09-14 00:00:00

[THE TIMES.]

Two Conventions between two Bourbon Princes
—one reigning in France, the other trying to do
as much in Spain—have been published by the
French official Journal. Of these two cousins,
King Louis stipulates that 45,000 of his sibjects
shall remain at the disposal of King Ferdinand,
for the distinct purpose of cutting the throats of
as many Spaniards as shall dare to express them-
selves discontented with the condition to which

o tyrannical measures of Ferdinand have re
duced themselves and their country. On the inn.
cal spirit which dictated such an agreement, we
shall not now remark. Kings used to reign, or
profess to reign, for the benefit of their subjects :
the doctrine of this more enlightened era is, that
nations must endure the worst extremity of evil
for the personal advantage of their Kings. But
the terms of the treaties, and the consequences to
which they lead, are more business-like topics
for examination. The first convention presents
us with the subject matter of both, stating the
motives which have induced Ferdinand to require,
and Louis to grant, a French army of the above
magnitude to be employed in the Spanish ser-
vice, naming also the consideration which Ferdi-
nand is to pay for their assistance, viz. 2,000,000
francs per month, to commence from the Ist of
December, 1893, and limiting their continuance
in Spain to the Ist of July, 182.1; until which
period they are to occupy all the most im-
portant garrisons of the kingdoM. The second
convention, dated June 30, includes among
the number of fortresses occupied, those of
Saragossa-- and Cordova, and extends the time
of occupation to January 1, 1825. 4"ro.
morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow t"—
When is the day to arrive, we wonder,
on which the same motives which now ac-
tuate these two Bourbons must not, by every
rule of consistency, produce the same re-
sults ? When (to quote the language of the
,treaty) will the " tranquillity and well-being of
,
Spain" be more advanced under the present
misgovernment than they were on the 30th of
last June ? When will, or when can, the army
of Ferdinand be " re-composed, on a basis of or-
,' der and discipline ;" or the Government of
lc Ferdinand so consolidated, that he may keep
cc down the seditious and factious, who are Po-
' deavouring to disturb him ?" NVe ask again, '
when are these consequences to arise—or what
materials exist itt Spain towards realizing such a
moral revolution ? If a French army, in full pos-
session of Spain, has not enabled her to ad-
vance one step towards tranquillity during
almost two years, but has put in notion
ICTItACT or A LeTTEU. FROM PFTEILSBURGH, et; a. 1.
sundry principles of disorder before un- R.
thOUg lit of, is it reasonable to suppose, that ~ A frigate to take our Minister, Sir Charles Bagot, who is
in less than four months from the time at which held in very great estimation here, and also his Lady, to Eng.
we write until the Ist of next January, a change land, is hourly expected. The wind has been contrary.
so absolute can be effected ? Europe, then has
"It. is calculated these are upwardsl of two thousand English
to reckon on another treaty for continuing the in this capital, and the population he upwards of three
hundred thousand. As apoi
dominion of the Government of France over th . commercial interconrse
with England, six hundred and eighty vessels arrived here
Peninsula. And, once more, are there not, in theL during last year. There Jra-great bustle among the merchants
occupation itself, the seeds of its own perpetuity preparing those vessels, which have arrived
? at this moment in
with their cargoes,
From all that has yet transpired of the stale
Spain, most other national passions are mergingthe best English churches I have seen on
ohri the '.
Xnat'rine Continent, ,00rife ,:!fi iYarri iota will vei.ryhl):iot!s and
that of uneasiness under the yoke of foreigners . exeiiiplary man, nephewh t):"? tjjleev.
oApriiiste_r. In the prayers for the King of England, the names
Spaniards of all parties begin to forget their
thetiroylai7tanrrnilitsl Itiraltimullydfollow. The Ambassador's seat, with
domestic feuds in a general abhorrence of the
French. here, then, lice very dis.mse itself is rip. " Colonel Cathcart, soenroat, canopy
IT Itcoaprrswitieiol',ea':,'.'rd
the Embassy, has been some time confined to, his room bya severe
plied plied as a remedy for its own violence. The French indisposition.
army remains until tranquillity shall he restored ; " I)awe, me ti
painter, whom you may recollect in Lon_
on-
and still this mode of " purgation does but increase don' has been here some years, and is making a
harvest. lie has entered into a contract with golden
eitus.i
" the choler" which it seeks to terminate !—By Government, to ' lie
hitt, a
ipaint most. part of the distinguished
a specific and most grave provision of time treaty, Generals.
roundedi with represenitaatiouit:seinitr'stlitilLet nPorthaertneel;eiw.otich lis sue_
is to pay (Ferdinand to pay !) two ,
million francs per mouth, or about one trillion P n ; erl ivn.c es: eCh'amr leont t. ee dwDiuke of Kent, and his niece, the amiable
million aratinter a
lin%
11;gnigiacns
ed .
)01rt'he Duke
sterling per ollotltn, for the extra e x Pences of the of WelliNgton is or,der'el:ihttl:Lb
111•Adastincs stile of making roads has extended to rlatiutss.si
French army. Ile might its well pay off the Na- an:l'
" °Stier rienjaenliii -14'11? toi the capital. is 3l'Adanzising at present.
tional Debt of England. Then see how this pe- mrieitiienhat,,telwie British Minister at Stock.
holm, is expected oveXe r days on a visit.
cuniary obligation is to operate. Is there any
productive revenue in
aroduitfileawiribtuing letters to Britain, especially should they touch
Can any Government go on without any income ? ong'l LlittrteerosprecnitiCattintrietsisti.ao,fl;aese:t isd perfectly
id well
Decidedly none. Then time finance of Spain be« ' known letters
contain am thing offensive, communications are stlitmoal.- th":
conies another principle daily accumulating dis- Englishtrwi Gentlemen were a short time a.gtoostehn-
order. The claimants for arrears of pay, oPeotliectthelcowu%
totally blind, couyld notio h had
de
beensu rptorrj l lin
eeryg ' one of whom being
t
military and civil, are more desperate and less
subordioate every hour. Royalists, if they be intoj, ratters of Government. Let this hit capablen tye lost teeing
St Upon
,ng ish travellers coming to this quarter, as attention
thorough-going Royalists, may rob, and'
leer- way save much trouble," to it

t ther tluliebtyrsae used
clip;
rtaht
ee op.urretnoi
ef
Se4;siAon, tnoorjulriyy
tribunal—no lover of his country can feel. any interest in it.
u notrts —t
Let it sink or swim as it nifty, no one will wet his boards to
save it. And Sir A. 1114Kenzie could not hare found, in the
judicial history of any nation, so complete an illustration of
ns
LocalkCios
his objections to this separate jury establishment as the case
which he cites of Plain v. Walker, tried at Perth in 1823,
where a Judge of the Jury Court, with clerks, masers, at-
tendants, a bar of Counsel, and .15 Jurymen from distant parts
of the country, assembled to. discuss whether a cook had well
or ill dressed a wedding supper.' The Innkeeper, who was
found justified in dismissing his cook, had a taxed account
of HI, to pay, fir the cook had not a farthing in the world.
Truly, as the Baronet observes, this case should have been
tried by the Local Court at Perth, which is said to be very well
conducted. But he surely errs when he says that it should not
be tried there by a Jury; for I could tell a case about a shep-
herd's dog lasting five years in a Local Court, and costing
much more than this trial about the wedding supper ! The
trial of a cause is only perfect in one country in the world, and
that country is England. It' her abused mode of stating a
cause for trial were restored to its primitive brevity and ac-
curacy, she would stand pre-emihent in the art of justice.
Her Jury trial is a fine display of human skill and power, and is
only defective in not being sufficiently accessible to the poorer
classes and the smaller duiptites,on account both of its too great
expellee, and of the too short periods during which the bless-
ing _ conies round the country. Lord Althorp's Bill of last
Session would have remedied this evil, but the yell of party
proclaimed an Mani!, and threatened danger to the independ-
ence of the bar—a false device which it is lamentable to think
certain great names helped to support. The interests of the
lawyers are opposed to it, which is the secret of the opposition ;
and in this country, to the question put by the crown whether
Jury trial could be resorted to in the local courts, all the lawyers
vehemently answered that its introduction would subvert the
principles of monarchy ! destroy the administration of Jus-
tice! oppress the country ! and ruin the parties ! And perhaps
nothing better discovers the timidity under which the Commis-
sioners went to work, than their having adopted the wild and
exaggerated fears of the lawyers in this important part of the
inquiry."
Jury trial is a fine display of human skill and
power ; but it is liable to one trifling objection,—
a material objection, however, in the eyes of a
Scotchman,—it is necessarily attended with en-
ormous expence.—We fear this objection will
always render Scotchmen deaf to all its boasted
advantages.

RUSSIA.