The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-13 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY, APRIL 13, 1841.

FUNERAL OF NAPOLEON.
GRAND DIORAMIC VIEWS of the PROCES-
SION at the INTERMENT of the REMAINS of the EM-
PEROR NAPOLEON, in which the principal figures are the
size of life, and every interesting ir icident of this superb spec-
tacle is faithfully depicted. "hi these paintngs,' says the
Times, " the magnificence and. bustle of the scene is well
conveyed to the eye of the sp(!ctator, and the whole has the
appearance of the actual ceremo ay ; while the general effect is
very much assisted by military a- ad sacred mu sic, which is ex-
ecuted during the Exhibition by concealed musicians."
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On the Ist of May will be published in Bvo., price 2s. 6d.
PART I. of
THE HISTORYof t he BRITISH EMPIRE
IN IINIDIA.

By EDWARD TiIORNTON, Esq.,
Author of " India, its Statt and Prospects," &c., &c.
This work, prepared front the most authentic sources of in-
formation, will be completed in about Twenty Monthly Parts.
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3, Charles-street, Covent-garden.
rfflHE GARDENER'S CHRONICLE.
A Weekly Record of Rural Economy and General News.
The Horticultural Part Edited by Professor LINDLEY.
In consequence of the continued demand for complete sets of
the GARDENER'S CHRONICLE, arising from the weekly
increasing List of Subscribers, Numbers 1,2, 3, and 4, pub-
lished in January, have been reprinted ; and, to save all parties
expense, two numbers of the original edition have been com-
prised in one of the reprint, by omitting the political and other
temporary matters.
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PROFESSIONAL RECORDS.

Also, Companion to the same, called MEDICAL CON-
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Just published, price 2s. 6d.
ALPRACTICAL ESSAY on the DEBILI-
TIES of the GENERATIVE SYSTEM, their Va-
rieties, Causes, Treatment, and Cure.
By a MEMBER of the ROYAL COLLEGE of SURGEONS,
London, and Surgeon to a Metropolitan Infirmary.
" I am impotent, and nof fit to live."—Last's Records of
Suicide.
Sold by Onshyn, Catherine-street, Strand ; Ross and
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Just published, in royal 18mo., cloth, price 3s. ; and sent in
Town or Country free, by post, 3s. 6d.,
MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE-
MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for
ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those suf-
fering from the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habits, or Infection ; followed by Observations on the
TREATMENT of SYPHILIS, GONORRHIZA, GLEET,
&c. Illustrated with Cases, &c.

By J. L. CURTIS and COMPANY,
Consulting Surgeons, London.
published by the Authors, and sold 1,1 Balhere, Medicltl
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D'Olier-street, Dublin; Duncan,ll4, High-street, Edinburgh;
and to be had of all Booksellers.

The Work which is now presented to the public is the result
of very extended experience in a class of diseases and affec-
tions, which far some unaccountable reason have been either
altogether overlooked, or treated with apathy, and almost in-
difference, by the et dinary practitioner. To enter into the
details of these affections, to point out their causes, and to
mark the terrific consequences, social, moral, and physical,
which are sure to follow from indulgence, in certain habits,
would be entirely out of place in an advertisement. We have
no hesitation, however, in saying that there is no member of
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ther we consider such person to hold the relation of a PA-
RENT, a PRECEPTOR, or a CLERGYMAN.

Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their
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JOAN OF ARC, THE MAID OF ORLEANS.—
We are requested to state that the new historical ro-
mance " Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans," by T. J.
Serle, Esq., in 3 vols., post Bvo., is published this day by
Mr. Colburn, of Great Marlborough-street, and may now
be had at all the Libraries. Mr. Colburn has also just
published the following new works of fiction :—l. De
Clifford, or the Constant Man, by R. Plumer Ward, Esq.,
author of " Tremaine," •' De Vere, &c. 2. The En-
gagement, 3 vols. 3. The Moneyed Man, or the Lesson
of a Life, by Horace Smitb, Esq., 3 vols. 4. Greville,
or a Season in Paris, by Mrs. Gore, 3 vols. 5. Peter
Priggins, the College Scout. edited by Theodore Hook,
Esq., 3 vols. 6. The History of a Flirt, related by Her-
self, second edition, 3 vols. 7. Popular Traditions of
England, by John Roby, Esq., 3 vols., with numerous
wood engravings. 8. Sir Thomas Dick Lauder's Le-
gendary Tales of the Highlands, 3 vols., with illustrations,
by Phiz. And 9. 0 iver Cromwell, an historical ro-
mance, edited by Horace Smith,;Esq., 3 vols.
The 54th regiment will not leave Dover on the
15th instant, as expected. It is now reported that the
regiment will not leave until the end of the summer.—
Dover Ckronicle.

DREADFUL AND FATAL ACC ID ENT.—On
Tuesday last, as some men were repairing one of the
furnaces at Dowlais Works, in removing some part
of the old work, the inner wall fell in, burying eight
of the poor fellows under the ruins. Immediately the
accident took place, a number of workmen commenced
clearing the rubbish away, when, after great labour,
they succeeded in reaching the unfortunate sufferers;
they found that five of them were quite dead, and the re-
maining three so seriously injured that but faint hopes are
entertainel of their recovery. We understand that four
of the deceased have left widows and families to lament
their untimely and melancholy death.—A coroner's in.
quest was held on the bodies on Thursday, when the jury
returned a verdict of
." Accidental Death."—Monmouth-
shire Merlin.
•
Patronized by their Majesties the King and
Queen of Hanover, and their Royal Highnesses the Princesses
Augusta and Sophia, her Serene Highness the Princess Esterhazy,
the Princesses Mary and Rosa, her Grace the Dowager Duchess
of Bedford, and their Graces the Archbishop of Canterbury and the
Dukes of Norfolk, Devonshire, and Manchester. In addition to the
above distinguished patronage to the newly-invented Spectacle
Lenses and Invisible Operative Voice Conductor, the Messrs. S.
and B. Solomons, opticians and aurists, 39, Albemarle street, Pic.
cadilly, and 76, King William-street, Bank of England, feel great
pleasure to state that their valuable inventions have also gained the
sanction and unqualified approbation of above four hundred of the
principal members of the medical profession ; as alas of numerous
individuals of high distinction, who have been greatly benefited by
their use. Immediately these improved Spectacle Tills" are
placed before extreme imperfect vision, it is at once broo gkt balk to
its natural and original state, every object becomes clear alld dis-
tinct, and the most minute particle is seen, either by day or candle-
light, with ease and distinctness. Their Voice Conductor, by
which thousands of deaf persons have been greatly benefited, is not
the least perceptible, not more uncomfortable, than having a piece
of wool in its place, and the faintest whisper at a public assembly
is heard with exact distinctness,--39, Albemarle-street, opposite
the York Hotel, and 76, King William-street, Bank.—No con-
nexion with persons of the same name.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

(From the Dcvonport Telegraph.)
PLYMOUTH, APRIL 10.—The Stag, 46, Commo-
dore Thomas B. Sullivan, arrived from Rio de Janeiro
on Thursday, after a voyage of fifty days. She brings
no intelligence of general interest or importance. The
Stag is to bo paid off at this port, and is expected to
come into harbour on Tuesday next.
The Gleneig, ludiaman, sailed on Thursday with
troops for Bombay.

The Driver steamer is hourly expected to arrive
from the eastward with Mr.Hendcrson, Second Master-
Attendant at this Dockyard, and the party of men that
took the Vixen from this port to Chatham.
The Indus, 78, Captain Sir James Sterling, is still
upwards of 100 men short'of her complement, but is,
in other respects, as stated by us some time since, quite
ready for sea.

Remaining in Harnoaze_Caledonia, San Joseph,
Cornwallis, Sylph, Carron, Avon, and Soudan, steam-
vessels, Adventure, navy teader, and Vulcan, revenue
steamer.

In the Sound—lmpregnable, Belleisle, Stag, and
Harriet, freight ship.

NAPOLEON'S MARSHALS.

In the present (April) Number of the Gentleman's
Magazine, we find it asserted, by a writer signing himself
J. R., that the " warriors" of the South of 'France are
entitled to a superiority over those of the north of that
kingdom. It is necessary to premise, that he fixes on
the Loire as the boundary,—a very unequal division,
and especially as he seems to depend rather on the su-
perior number than the real eminence of the names ho
produces ; that he limits his view of the latter to mo-
dern times, the superiority previous to the Revolution
having been greatly the other way—and that amongst
the warriors of France he omits her seamen, those
of all grades from the north being indisputably the
most distinguished. But, even according to the
writer's own limitations, we believe this conclusion to
be most erroneous. He commences by asserting the
majority of Bonaparte's first-created eighteen Marshals
to be from the south, but amongst this number he cites
two (Davoust and Serrurier) who were from the north
of the specified line : six others were also north of it,
and Perignon's military services are known to few.
The bare majority of number amongst these is but
trifling, therefore ; but when he proceeds to say that
" a numerous host of subordinate officers might be
added to the. foregoing, of eminent fame, crowned by
Napoleon himself, to whom on the whole the Northerns
—highly distinguished as several have been—such as
Dumourier, Hoche, Kleber, Kellerman, St. Cyr, Jou.
bert, Marceau, Ney, Augereau, &c., must still yield
precedence," we are unable to discover the justice of
his sentence. Napoleon, indeed, was pre-eminent, but
he was no Frenchman ; neither, indeed, was another
able, though infinitely inferior genius, Massena, he hav-
ing been born at Nice, never (we believe) part of the
French territory. It is true that, properly speaking,
the provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, and French Flanders,
which have certainly produced much more than their
just proportion of the most eminent soldiers of the
French army, are German and Belgian, but being long
included in the French territory, are generally consi•
dered as belonging to it. We are justified in taking
them into the account ; and we certainly cannot per-
ceive that France south of the Loire can produce any
equal or greater number of names that can justly claim
any superiority in military genius to their northern con-
temporaries, Kleber, Moreau, Dumourier, Hoche, the
two Kellermans, St. Cyr, Ney, Rapp, &c. Kleber,
second probably to no French general of modern times,
was a German in everything but the name ; so was
Ney, pre-eminent for his genius in actual combat, and
the younger Kellerman, who has been said to have con-
tributed more to the victory of Marengo than either
Desaix or Bonaparte. Jomini and the Regniers, re-
markable for their knowledge of the theory of war, and
the first confessedly one of the first of military writers,
were Swiss.

The north-cast corner of France may safely challenge
a comparison for military talent amongst their generals
with any other district of similar extent, all incompa-
rably the nest men, and in many respects the best (pro-
bably, in proportion to their population, the most nume-
rous) soldiers in the French army are from that and
the other northern regions : though some of the south-
erns claim (though we think very unjustly) a superiority
in intelligence and activity for their countrymen. The
Alsatians probably bear a stronger general resemblance
to the English than any other people. Fine men arc
not unfrequent in Burgundy, and perhaps more common
in Franche Compte, whose natives are a peculiar set,
wild and jovial, with something of the Irish manner.
We will shortly furnish a list of the principal French
generals who have flourished since the commencement
of the Revolution, with their birth-places annexed, for
the Leneflt of such of our readers as may not have the
means of otherwise ascertaining them, and who may
then be able to decide whether we are unjust in deny-
ing the claims to any martial superiority in the South
over the North of France.—Naval and Military
Gazette.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

(LLOYD'S.)

VESSELS SPOKEN W Roseana, from Liver-
pool to Rio Janeiro, 19 Jan., on the Line by the Coper-
nieo, arrived at Rio Janeiro, Laura, Clyde, to Bombay,
28th Jan. ,let. 14., lon. 32, by tho Jolly Tar, arrived at ditto.
Porpoise, Cardiff to Constantinople, 12th oh., off Soce-
linia ; Limerick (schooner), 16th, off Cape Palos ;
Brothers of Brixham, for St. Michael's, lst inst., lat. 53,
lon. 13; Pet, Malta to Liverpool, 2d, lat. 42, lon. 13;
Flora of Poole, for New York, 7th, lat. 48, lon. 9, by
the Radcliffe, Collins, arrived at Falmouth. Guisachan,
London to Bombay, lat. 8 S., lon. 28 W., by the Char-
lotte, arrived off Portland. Ida, London to Havannah,
16th ult., lat. 24, lon. 44 ; Traveller, Pernambuco to
Trieste, 17th, lat. 26, lon. 44, by the Irt, Ludlow, Er-
rived at Cork. Nancy Reed, Guernsey to Havannah, off
the West-end of Cuba, by the Tasso, arrived in the River.
Mary Ann, of Greenock, 30th ult., lat. 43. lou. 15; Duke
of Clarence, of London, 31st, lat. 45, lon. 12, by the
John Blake, arrived in the River. Eliza Zintc, to Lon-
don, 25th ult., off Malaga, by the Alexandrina, arrived off
Southwold. Salsette, Liverpool to Port Philip, 25th
Dec., lat. 38 S., lon. 1 W. ; Stork, Bordeaux to Mauri-
tius, 3d ult., lat. 1 S., lon. 20 ; Gipsy, Liverpool to Rio
Janeiro, and Warrior, 11th, lat., 6 N., lon. 24 ; Horatio,
Sierra Leone to Whitehaven, 24th, lat. 27, lon. 36,
(and had spoken the Brilliant going into Sierra Leone for
1)n. 33; Greet Britain, from London, sth inst., lat 47,
water) ; Lord Cor.!erich, Manilla to London, 30th, lat. 38,
lon. 17, by the Frances Corkhill, arrived at Liverpool ;
Acadia, steamer, Liverpool to Halifax, 31st ult., lat. 44,
lon. 42 ; Oregan and Southerner, the latter with loss of
foretop-mast, 7th inst., off Kinsale, by the Champlain, Jr-
rived at Liverpool ; Fleetwood, London to Calcutta, by
the Fortitude ; Hutton, arrived at the:Cape of Good Hope ;
Avanche for Sydney, Dec. 1 ; Blain for Singapore, 19th,
out fifty days, by the George, arrived at ditto; Alexander,
for Jamaica, 15th, lat. 23, lon. 39, by the Lady Kennawa3,
arrived in the Downs; Dundee Merchant, London to Syd-
ney, Feb. 12, lat. 5, lon. 22 ; Victoria (Hambro Brye,) Ist,
let. 47, lon. 22, by the Salacia, arrived at Cork.

LANDLORD AND TENANT.

(From the Southern Reporter.)
At length a truly wise and patriotic movement is pro-
posed to the Irish people—one which every man may
join, and which, if firmly and prudently conducted,
must result in solid advantages and splendid prosperity
to the country. We cannot but begin to hope that it
may be so when we see the two great sections of rho
Liberal party amongst us uniting for work usefully and
intelligibly. In our last number we directed the atten-
tion of our readers to the subject of the present tenure
of land in Ireland, and, in resuming it, we would refer
to the important proceedings in Dublin at the Repeal
Association on Monday, as demonstrating that it is
not hopeless to effect a cordial union amongst all
classes of Reformers on any subject plainly and
clearly practicable. The efforts of the Irish people
for the last twenty years have been gigantic and
most noble ; their sacrifices have been incredible,
and their endurance unshaken. But what have they
as yet attained? Some few abstract rights and places
for some lawyers! The great wrongs of the people
are as yet unredressed ; the poisonous evils that taint
the heartsprings and deform the face of society have
as yet found no remedy, and it is a fearful subject to
reflect on that so much blood and toil have been
wasted. We are quite aware that abstract terms and
abstract rights—Emancipation, Reform—include the
principles, and are the foundation of every day happi-
ness, and detailed improvement ; but, with so many
conflicting' interests, with' the deep-seated prejudices,
and jealous monopolies of Ireland, we are convinced
that the same ends may be substantially attained, and
not unfrequently, under forms more palatable to the
shortsighted fears of many whose station and influence
must be always of value to the cause of the people.
Such we believe to be the present question. There
appears little doubt but that it will become a rallying
one. The Ulster and Repeal Associations—Sharman
Crawford and Mr. O'Connell have adopted it cordially
—it is ably supported by the press—and all we require
now is the wise and generous co-operation of the land-
lords. This is, to be sure, at first sight an enormous
difficulty, but we do not believe it to be insurmountable.
It is proverbially hard to convince a monopolist of the
value and equity of their composition, and it may seem
equally quixotic to induce Irish landlords to forego their
present advantages. But there are reasons, and these
very grave ones—for thinking that this almost Utopian
consummation may not be impossible.
For many years, the great panacea for all and every
form of Irish evil was a Parliamentary Committee,
and accordingly we have reports on every imaginable
subject. Some of these reports are extremely valu-
able, and most ably compiled. On the subject of the
" State of Ireland" there are many of different poli-
tical complexions, and returned by both Houses. In
all of them the remarkable feature stands out pro-
minently " the immense value of land in Ireland ;"
in many places it is described as a necessary of lite,
and, strong as is the expression, there can be no
doubt that, with our population, it is the exact truth.
Including absentees, the entire number of landed
proprietors in Ireland is from 10,000 to 12,000.
The standard of rent is the highest value of the
land, subject to the deduction only of the meanest
and scantiest provision on which the tenant can me-
net% to exist. This is a frightful picture. Men are spe-
culating as to the source of Irish evils and Irish degra-
dation. demure and hypocritical economists are horrified
at the terrible tragedies that from time to time have
been enacted amongst us. But in common truth, or
common justice, are not these two facts sufficient to
account for all, and were it even more and more hor-
rible? But the system does not stop there. The Irish
are inured to suffering and oppression. They would to-
lerate the monopoly and extortion of their masters—
but then their masters have been also for the last hundred
years the law makers Statute after statute has been
enacted, conferring new and formidable powers, and
these powers have never been allowed to be inactive.
A deadly system of extermination has been adopted
and worked out on cold calculation, so that, with a
soil capable of maintaining treble its present popula-
lation, there are many hundreds of thousands who can-
not obtain, at any rent, however extravagant, permis-
sion to live otherwise than on the roads or in a work-
house.

Let us briefly state some facts, Ireland is an agri-
cultural country, almost entirely without manufactures.
In a nation of nine millions there are only ten thousand
landed ptoprleters. Of that nation, from the terrific
system of depopulation in operation, two millions are in
each year either wholly, or in part, destitute. Can the
ten thousand imagine that things can so continue ?
But it is not to the fears of any class that we would
principally appeal, and, fortunately, in the present mat-
ter, the interests of the landlord and his tenantry are
identical. It is admitted by all that the institution of
property is the basis of civilization. Many of the
faults that appear inherent in the character of the
Irish peasant, would be removed if a fixed property
gave him a motive and a reward for his industry.
The system of late years in England and Ireland
has been to break up all small farms, and then the value
of such proceeding is instanced by the large surplus
produce to be disposed of. In the first place it is evi-
dent that the surplus produce could be as well disposed
of to a resident healthy yeomanry, as to an enfeebled
city population, and secondly, it is a great deal more
than doubtful, whether a large surplus is obtained, or es
cheaply from large farms or from smaller ones. The
Irish peasant has shown, in the temperance movement,
that, under disheartening circumstances, he can exercise
the most powerful self-controul ; in the experiments
of late years, landlords have found no difficulty in pro-
curing the adoption of scientific systems of agriculture; it
may, therefore,be well for them to consider whether they
would not consult, for their own interests, in seeking also
the happiness and comfort of the peasantry. The evils of
Ireland never arose from the subdivision of land, but
from the uncertainty of its tenure. The high rents ex-
acted tended also, no doubt, to waste the capital of the
small occupier, and in the end encumbered with paupers
rack-rented estates. But things are different now, and
the time appears peculiarly favourable. We address
the landed gentry of Ireland seriously and earnestly.
There are many amongst them of high and excellent feel-
ing, generous and Christian impulses, and their example
may do much.
The time is favourable, because the character of
the people is decidedly improved—circumstances arc'
favourable, because there is no necessity of call-
ing on the landlords to make any sacrifice of
their incomes improved systems of cultivation,
the certainty of a market in England, and the frugal
habits of the people will enable them to pay punctually
even the high rents now exacted. But to effect this, it
is necessary everywhere, but above all in Ireland, that
there should be certainty and justice in the tenure. At
present the very lives of the tenant and of his family
are in the hands, and hang on the breath of the land-
lord. Certainty then is the first requisite. The tenure
should be for a fixed and considerable period. Equity
is a second and indispensable improvement. At the
expiring of his lease the occupier should be entitled
either to a fair proportion of his capital expended, or to
the option of a renewal at a proportionably calculated
rent. In the details of a change so extensive, many
other points will require and obtain serious attention,
but these aro its leading and necessary principles.
Many will think any appeal to the sympathies of the
londholder idle and ridiculous—we do not think so—
when his sympathies are united with his interests. But
the thing can be accomplished without him—more
slowly, but as surely. If the Legislature were to enact
that estates set up for sale under the Equity Courts
should be offered in small parcels for competition, can
there be a doubt as to the large prices that would be
given gladly for a small independence ? A few years
would effect an immense change. Sooner or later such
change will be—we call on every good man to help
those who are working to accomplish it.

SOUTH-EASTERN AND DOVER RAILWAY.—
The stupendous works of this railway between Dover and
Folkestone, which are, we should say, unexampled in the
experience of modern engineering, have been actively re-
sumed this spring by a large force of workmen. The line
lies along the seashore, and is formed either by boring
tunnels through the bowels of the taller cliffs themselves,
by embankment on their ledges, or by cutting to the level
in the crowns of the less formidable eminences. It is by no
means Utopian to conjecture that
i this most important rail-
road will be available tothe public n a couple mere years, and
perhaps sooner, as we understand the shareholders' list
now comprises many of the most substantial and eater-
rt bud enen archingl carried
state,
tunnelling
ewbodehvorenwdth,heetowards through
re
ot
thehi
he e erel
partshi
Folkestone,
ao,
ikk and
eiossft
con-
sideredo
ttnhheee,
prising men of the day. Shakspeare's Tunnel, as it is
called, from its running through the cliff of that name, a
double tunnel, the most extensive of the whole line, twelve
ly progressing. The sea walls,
lineatherculean months
ree aacltsu oti
tt
si
isi
cuttings
London
aaecsoscenfkuaodlrnroi
oeawdfnda
sen
rapidly
p i
d.
are
also
Dover Chronicle. proceeding vigorously.—

SHIPWRECK AND Loss OF LIFE.—On the
morning of the 31st ult., it was discovered by the cowl-
guard stationed at the Nanny water, that a vessel was sunk
about ten miles off shore, and that part of her topmast
was seen several feet above water. .111 fr. Prosser, chief
officer of the coast.guard, immediately launched his beat,
When himself and five of his men manned her, and with
great exertion and risk succeeded in rescuing two of the
crew from their perilous situation on the topmast. The
vessel proved to be the smack Wellington, of Skerries,
laden with potatoes from Lock Ryen, and had upset and
sunk the night previous, in a heavy squall. About nine
o'clock the remainder of the crew, five in number, includ-
ing the master (J. Grimley), were washed off and drowned
during the night. —Dublin Paper.

PRICE sd.

TO THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL
REFORMERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.

BRETHREN,—In addressing you as fellow-labourers in
the great cause of human liberty, we would wish to rivet
this important truth on your mind : You MUST BECOME
YOUR OWN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL REGENERATORS, OR YOU
WILL NEVER ENJOY FREEDOM. For true liberty cannot be
conferred by Acts of Parliament or decrees of Princes,
but must spring up from the knowledge, morality, and
public virtue of our population. Be assured, fellow-
countrymen, that those who have hitherto been permit.
ted to rule the destinies of nations—who in their mad.
nets or folly have cursed the land with wars, cruelty, op-
pression, and crime, will ever maintain their power and
ascendancy whilst they have ignorant and demoralised
slaves to approve and execute their mandates. Though
revolution were to follow revolution, and changes were to
be continually effected in cur Constitution, laws, and go-
vernment, unless the social and political superstructure
were based upon the intelligence and morality of the people,
they would only have exchanged despotism for despotism,
and one set of oppressors for another.
If, therefore, you world escape your present social and
political bondage, and benefit your race, you must bestir
yourselves, and make every sacrifice TO BUILD UP THE
SACRED TEMPLE OF YOUR OWN LIBERTIES, or by your neg-
lect and apathy bequeath to your offspring an increase of
degradation and wrong. You cannot suppose that those
who revel in the spoils of labour, and live by the wretched-
ness they have created, will be instrumental in promot-
ing the political and social improvement of the
people. They may talk of liberty while they are forging
your fetters, may profess sympathy while they are adding
insult to wrong, and may talk of instructing you while
they arc devising the most efficient means for moulding
you into passive slaves; but they will contemptuously
spurn every proposal for establishing equality of political
rights and social obligations—the enduring basis of liberty,
prosperity, and happiness.
Let every man among you, then, who is desirous Of sec-
ing the bounties of heaven made subset\ lent to human en-
joyment—who would bless our land w.th peace and human
brotherhood, and cause the intellectual and .moral capa-
bilities man is endowed with to spring forth in all their
usefulness and excellence, anxiously to inquire how be can
best aid the holy cause of man's social regeneration and
political freedom.

Tracing most of our social grievances to class legisla-
tion, we have proposed a political reform upon the prin-
ciples of the People's Charter; we have made it the po-
lar-star of our agitation, and have resolved by all just and
peaceful means to cause it to become the law of our country.
Believing it to have truth for its basis, and the happiness
of all for its end, we conceive that it needs not the vio-
lence of passion, the bitterness of party spirit, nor the arms
of aggressive warfare for its support; its principles need
only to be unfolded to be appreciated, and being appre-
ciated by the majority will be established in peace.
But while we implore you to direct your undivided at-
tention to the attainment of that just political measure, we
would urge you to make your agitation in favour of it
more efficient and productive of social benefit than it has
been hitherto. We have wasted glorious means of useful-
ness in foolish displays and gaudy trappings, seeking to
captivate the sense rather than inform the mind, and
apcing the proceedings of a tinselled and corrupt aris-
tocracy rather than aspiring to the mental and moral dig-
nity of a pure democracy.
Our public meetings have on too many occasions been
arenas of passionate invective, party spirit, and personal
idolatry, rather than public assemblies for calmly delibe-
rating and freely discussing national or local grievances,
or as schools for the advancement of our glorious cause
by the dissemination of facts and inculcation of principles,
as it is by such teachings that our population will be pre-
pared to use wisely the political power they are now seeking
to obtain.

We are therefore desirous of seeing those means applied
to a higher and nobler purpose, that of developing the
mental and moral energies of the population, to the great
end
.of their political freedom and social happiness. As
no earthly power can prevent an intelligent people from ob-
taining their rights, nor all the appliances of corruption
permanently enslave them, we are anxious above all things
of seeing them instructed in their political rights and
social duties.

Though the attainment of political power is essential to
enable them to improve to any extent their physical con-
dition, yet we believe that a vast increase of social enjoy-
ment might be effected (despite a corrupt and degrading
Government), if sobriety and moral culture were more ge-
nerally diffused. And therefore we are desirous of seeing
our political teachers disseminating unpalatable truths
against drunkenness and immorality of every description,
and by precept and example endeavouring to rescue oar
brethren from the thraldom of their own vices, and from
servilely imitating the corruptions and vices of those above
them.

As the children of to-day will in a few years be called
upon to exercise tin rights and duties of men, it becomes
our paramount duty to qualify them for their future sta-
tion, and not permit them to be moulded to the several
purposes of priestcrafr, sectarianism, and charity-mongers ;
but to devise, maintain, and execute a wise and just system
of education, calculated to develope all the powers and
energies God has given them, to the end that they may
enjoy their own existence, and extend the greatest amount
of happiness to all mankind.

\Vith no disposition to oppose the Associations already
formed, but with an anxious desire to see all those inte-
rested in the social and political improvement of their fel-
low-men united in one general body to effect it, we pro-
pose that such an Association be established, and that the
following be its objects.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED
KINGDOM, FOR PROMOTING THE POLI-
TICAL AND SOCIAL IMPROVEMENT OF

THE PEOPLE.*

1. To establish in one general body persons of all
creeds, classes, and opinions, who are desirous to promote
the political and social improvement of the people.
2. To create and extend an enlightened public opinion
in favour of the PEOPLE'S CHARTER, and by every just and
peaceful means secure its enactment, so that the indus-
trious classes may be placed in possession of the franchise
—the most important step to all political and social Re-
formation.

3. To appoint as many MISSIONARIES as may be deemed
trcessary to visit the different districts of the kingdom, for
the purpose of explaining the views of the Association, for
promoting its efficient organisation, for lecturing on its
different objects, and otherwise seeing that the intentions
of the general body are carried into effect in the several
localities, according to the instructions they may receive
from the general board.
4. To establish CIRCULATING LIBRARIES from a hun-
dred to two hundred volumes each, containing the most
toeful works on politics, morals, the sciences, history, and
such instructive and entertaining works as may be generally
approved ef. Such libraries to vary as much as possible
from each other, and be sent in rotation from one town or
vil:age in the district to another, and to be lent freely to
the members.

5. To print from time to time such TRACTS and PAMPH-
LETS as the Association may consider necessary for pro-
moting- its objects ; and when its organization is complete,
to publish a monthly or quarterly national periodical.
6. To erect PUBLIC HALLS, Or SCHOOLS FOR THE PEO-
PLE, throughout the kingdom, upon the most approved
principles, and in such dittricts as may be necessary.
Such halls to be used during the day as INFANT,
PREPARATORY, and HIGH SCHOOLS, in which the chil-
dren shall be educated on the most approved plans
the association can devise ; embracing physical, men-
tal, moral, and political instruction : and used of
an evening by adults for PUBLIC LECTURES on
physical, moral, and political science—for READINGS,
DISCUSSIONS, MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENTS, DANCING, and
such other healthful and rational recreations as may serve
to instruct and cheer the industrious classes after their
hours of toil, and prevent the formation of vicious and in-
toxicating habits. Such halls to have two commodious
playgrounds, and, where practicable, a pleasure-garden
attached to each : apartments for the teachers, rooms for
ssatt ger erns:s ea sy
such en
hot and cold baths, for a small museum, a laboratory and
toarppdroiasytnerdidetmsayi
mental, moral, and
general workshop, where the members and their chil-
dren may be taught experiments in science, as well as the
first principles of the most useful trades.
purposeB7 .. TT oo establish,of
establish
instructing
t ru ti
inonngs utel townsschoolmastersmos
found necessary, NORMAL or TEACHERS' SCHOOLS, for the
the most approved systems of physical,
political training.
AGRICULTURAL and INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS as may be re•
quired for the education and support of the ORPIIAN CHIL-
DREN OF THE ASSOCIATION, and for instructing them in
sonic useful trade or occupation.
9. To offer premiums, whenever it may be considered
advisable, for the best essays on the instruction of children
and adults, for the best description of school-books, or for
any other object promotive of the social and political wel-
fare of the people.
10. To devise, from time to time, the;best means by
which the members, in their several localities, may collect
subscriptions and donations in aid of the above objects ;-1-
may manage the superintendence of the balls
and schools of their respective districts—may have due
control over all the affairs of the Association, and share in
all its advantages, without incurring personal risk, or vio-
lating the laws of the country.
Submitting
and resolving to make every possible effort to establish
such an Association, we remain your devoted servants in
the cause of hnman liberty and social happiness,
William Lovett, 163, Tottenham Court. road,
John Collins, 6, Court Bread-street, Birmingham,
Henry Hetherington, 13 and 14, Wine Office-court, Fleet-

street,
John Cleave, 1, Shoe-lane, Fleet-street,
George Rogers, High-street, St. Giles',
Henry Mitchell, 67, Red Lion-street, Holborn,
Henry Vincent, 5, Greenland-grove, Cromer-street,
Robert Lowery, Nun-street, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Arthur O'Neil, Birmingham,
Thomas Raynor Smart, 47, Red Cross street, Leicester,
John Mitchell, 23, Queen-street, Aberdeen,

John 141‘Crae, Kilbarchan,
Charles Jones, Northampton,
John Richards, Hanley Potteries,
Charles H. Neesom, 76, Hare-street, Bethnal-green,
H. Alexander Donaldson, Chapel-street, Warwick,
Edward Brown, Birmingham,
W. G. Burns, Blackfriars-gate,
Charles West-rton, 15, Park-side, Knightsbridge,
Richard Russell, Blair's-close, Edinburgh,
William Byrne, 1, Cloth-market, Newcastle-en-Tyne,

The rules and regulations, as set forth in the pamphlet
entitled " Chartism," will shortly be printed, with such alte-
rations or additions as the parties signing this Address may
hereafter suggest.
f If the numbers whe signed the National Petition belonged
to such an Association, by paying a less sum than even a penny
per week each person, they would be able to effect the follow-
ing important objects every year :
To erect eighty District Halls, or Normal or Industrial Schools,
at 3,000/. each £240,000
To establish seven hundred and ten Circulating Li-
braries, at 20/. each
To employ four Missionaries (travelling expenses in-
elu.led) at 2001. per annum
To circulate twenty thousand tracts per week, at 15s
per thousand
For printing, postagea, salaries, ecc

Leaving for incidental expenses

14,200

£2.56,480
120

£256,609

Our friends who, in some places, have sent us a larger
number of signatures will perceive the impossibility of append-
ing them to this address. Persors in those towns not included
in the above list, who are favourable to our objects, and willing
to promote the formation of the Society, will be kind enough to
correspond with Mr. Lovett.
Persons wishing to join the association can be supplied with
cards of membership from any of the above persons.