The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-03 00:00:00

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1 .p-‘44.7 .44e - /0

LONDON:
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1841.

That the people arc in great distress is very
generally allowed. 'IIIIV Journal of the Work-
lily Classes, for .example, a publication intended
to bring the people inure completely, than they
no*, are, 'Ruder the control of the landowners
and clergy, states that " there is great increase
of mendicancy in this country."
" The scenes of dirt," it says, "indecency, immora-
lity, destitution, fraud, libertinism, profligacy, sensuality,
and crime, now daily and hourly participated in, on the
part of the travelling poor or begging population of our
highways or bye-ways, can only be imagined or de-
scribed by those who, like ourselves, have examined into
their deplorable and au:Al condition."

In short, as we have already said, the land is
becoming overrun with an Italian beggary; and
it is not a little remarkable that the land is at
the same time, like Italy, also overrun with a
great body of opulent, contentious, and ambitious
priests. While every other class is plunged into
difficulties and distress, their number and their
opulence go on increasing. They never feel any
-of the difficulties which oppress other classes;
and therefore we find them, as the rule, one and
all, supporting those bad laws by which the
people arc driven to the extremity of destitution.
The monopoly which crushes the people is
forcibly upheld by the Ministers of the Estab-
lished Church.

Vey are closely allied with the landlords, and
Ii latter, like the clergy, suffer nothing at pre-
Ynt from the general calamity. On the contrary,
sundry statements have lately appeared in the
newspapers, that the value of land is increasing.
In a •pamphlet recently published by the Rev.
Thom As-FARR, "Oh time Difficulties of the Sliding
Scale," an instance is given of four lots of land
which let separately in 1833 for a sum in all of
:61/. 155., and which were let on the 15th of Sep-
tember last by auction, and on the same condi-
tionS as before, for 1:21/. 55., showing an increase
of more, than .99 per cent. in eight Y
well ears above
the rent of 1833." This is a
authenticated
and unexceptionable instance, which may be
taken ~as, au index to the fact that the rental
of the whole body of the landowners has in-
creased in the midst of great national suffering.
But these two classes, who thus riot in opu-
lence while the industrious classes are ground
- the earth, constitute the real law-makers ;
they have no syinpathy, and can have none,
twith a • distsess which touches them
se re-
motely ; , they have, in truth, an immediate in-
terest in opposition to the welfare of the people,
and therefore there is a good prima facie reasoa
for distrusting all the laws which they make.
The source of legislation, as long as it flows
only, or chiefly, from them, nalst be partial;
and time laws they make, and have made, require
a double portion of evidence to prove them of
national advantage, before they can command
the heartfelt obedience of the people.
NOw, while the sources of our legislation are
thuS open to strong suspicion, it also happens
that the public are quite at sixes and sevens as to
the causes and cure of our distress. Her M -
-
JEserv's• Ministers, we will be bold to say, are no
more in accordance with the majority of the na-
tion on these two important points, than are the
Birmingham advocates for an increase of paper
money-. If they were thoroughly acquainted
with the causes of oar deplorable condition, and
had they any means, or any hope even, of reme-
dying it, they would he most culpable if they did
not immediately announce their plans, and im-
mediate begin to carry them into execution.
In fact, they have no plans to remedy the dis-
tress, and their peculiar bias as landowners, or as
the servant: of landowners, shuts their eyes to
the causes of the distress, and steels their hearts
•against all supplications to apply a judicious
remedy.

Amongst the multitude there is also a com-
plete division of opinion. The community ap-
pears to b.e all at sea. A large body are for
wholly upsetting the present Constitution, and
even re-dividing the land. Another body de-
mand the abolition of the Corn-laws and a per-
fect. free trade. The currency doctors think
that all the evils of society may be remedied by
an issue of irredeemable paper money. The
e4ergy and their friends call out fbr more

* Published by Ridgway.

churches, and a stricter observance of the Sab-
bath. Some persons look to an increase of the
army, and some foolishly think that poverty and
hunger will be cured byebridling the Press.
A great confusion of opinion obviously pre-
vails, and none of those great and master minds,
which at remote intervals arise and gather the
diverging rays of knowledge into one focus, and
combine crossing and conflicting obscurity into
one steady light, now exist in the world. Po-
litical science needs its NEWTON, its BACON,
or its LUTHER, and he is not yet found.
When we look for any steady guide to those
Monthly and Quarterly productions which were
wont to influence the public sentiments and
bring before the nation the wisdom of some great
men, we find nothing but the most drivelling party
mediocrity ; one set advocating Tory quackery,
and the other set recommending Whig abortions,
with all the one-sidedness of those who, like our-
selves, are hurried on, day after day, by the
rapid current of events. The present want of
the nation is that of some master-mind to con-
dense, by superior knowledge and genius, not
coerce, the public sentiments, all the lately-
gathered political truths, into one clear, compre-
hensive, and guiding system.
Such a man, were he found, should occupy
the place which is held by Sir ROBERT PEEL.
If we could for one moment conceive that he
was at all likely to become such a man, he
should have our steady and best support. We
care not who gives the public good measures,
provided they be given ; and were Sir ROBERT
to offer them, he would be followed by all free-
traders, all honest politicians, and all true pa-
triots. His power is great, but his knowledge is
not equal to it, and his will is enslaved. Instead
of being the enlightened , servant of truth, the
honest Minister of a great nation, he degrades
himself into being the tool of a faction. He
gives up to party what might place him at the
head of the nation. A few years—not half a
century hence, for the charticter of statesmen
and heroes no longer waits for die judgment of a
remote posterity; it is duly appreciated before
they are well cold in their graves—a few years
hence Sir ROBERT PEEL will be impartially
judged ; and as he continues the servont of a
greedy faction, bent only on enriching :hem-
selves though they ruin the public, or throws\ off
their degrading trammels, and shows himself a's
wise as he is powerful, so will he be said to have
lost or embraced one of the finest opportunities
ever offered to mortal man, to achieve undying
greatness. He may be the political LUTHER of
the age—let him take care that he be not the
TETZEL, the despised and almost forgotten in-
strument of an exploded superstition.

The Edinburgh bigots, ashamed of their dis-
graceful persecution of a small shopkeeper for
selling " lollipop " to children on Sunday,
are now resolved to fly at higher game.
They will commence by interdicting the
use of spirits, malt liquors, and every
intoxicating drink' (wine of course included)
in public-houses on Sunday, and convince the
scoffers that the authority of the Provost, and
Baillies, and Kirk Sessions, is not to be mocked
with impunity. A Baillie of the name of JOHN-
STONE, who appears to be a very serious man, gave
notice at the last meeting of the Town Council
of a motion for that purpose, though, if we are
to believe his words, the persecution has already
commenced in good earnest. " The fact was,"
said he, " that the authorities had for some
time been dealing in the most serious man-
ner with the most serious part of the charges,
and he trusted he should be able to bring
under the notice of the Council such facts
as would call for the most serious atten-
tion." Mr. ROBERTSON, who appears to be
the only member of the Council blessed
with courage and honesty, loudly denounced this
"as a series of fanatical measures—as an
attempt to get up a hypocritical howl over
the length and breadth of Scotland." When
the motion is carried, every public-house, tavern,
and hotel will be invaded at any hour the offi-
cers of the inquisition think proper—the land-
lord's family, commercial travellers, every in-
mate, of course, must be exposed to the
gaze of strangers, in order to avert the
desecration of the Sabbath ! Cruel and malig-
nant hypocrites! Why stop with public-houses?
Do baillies and clergymen refrain from intoxi-
cating liquors at their own homes ? and, if they
have the appetites and failings of other men, why
should they not be subject to the surveillance of
the police as well as persons who, following
their lawful occupations, are often obliged to
pass the Sunday in an hotel or tavern ? The at-
teMpt to carry out such a measure as that
proposed by the serious Baillie, is an insult
to the good sense, the moral habits,
and the independent spirit of the peo-
ple of Scotland. But the disease is spread-
ing. The Church of England would imi-
tate the example, but for the rational cha-
racter of the people for, however railroad
directors and coach and steam-boat proprie-
tors may truckle to Bishops and Archdeacons,
the great body of the clergy know that their
flocks would not submit to the thraldom that
prevails in Scotland. A feeler on the subject
was put forth at the opening of the Gos-
port Railway, by the Venerable Archdea-
con 'WILBERFORCE ; and Mr. CHAPLIN, who
horses more coaches, and puttsteam to more
trains than any man in the kingdom,
was so pusillanimous as not only to listen pa-
tiently to the proposition for shutting up railroad
lines on Sunday, but even to condescend to say
that " the subject should have the consideration of
the Directors." This is shameful cowardice. The
impudent presumption to interfere with other
men's property for the purpose of making the
people the slaves of the Church and filling the
pockets of the clergy, should be put down by ac-
clamation. The Sabbath-law which these Pha-
risees would enact is contrary to the Holy Scrip-
tures, it is expressly forbidden by the New Tes-
tament, and can have no other object than to in-
crease the power and tyranny of a class who,
under the pretence of religion, have perpetrated
the greatest cruelties on their fellow-creatures.

The " good men and true" whom the Borough
of Marylebone has returned to Parliament, suffi-
ciently attest the valuable services rendered to
the people's cause by the Reform and Registra-
tion Association of that patriotic district of the
Metropolis. It was well said by the present
Tory Premier, some few yearsago, that the battle
between the people and the people's oppressors
Was to be fought at the registration courts ; and
had the -Libt eral Associations 'throughout the
Akingdomssoe
ia but u
ofa
done their duty like the Reform
four
o starving
countrymen
Maryylebone,
arylebone, we should not now
be
ur battling
minorityt ot obtainhe blessings
of
millions
o
em-
ployment and a cheaploaf.
arntlie R With surprise,
therefore, do we le
fromeformourAsadver-
tising columns, that
tion of Marylebone is cripplednot in its la-
hours by want of funds. Wlt
want of the " sinews of vear,,,yso a di its
th e electors?to b ea l not called that
an
e led Why was the meeting
nowto proposedknown
to
the patriotic electors might have hadearlier,
oppor-
tunity of liquidating somewhat sooner the
trifling amount of debt incurred by the Associa-
tion? The reference in the advertisement to the
possible dissolution of the Association from
want
of funds we can hardly regard as seriously in-
tended by the Secretary. The Reformers of
Marylebone understand too well their obligations
to this Association to suppose that they would
witness its dissolution, rather than incur an out-
lay of a few hundred pounds. It was through
the instrumentality of the Reform Registration
Association that the Gallant Sir CHARLES NA-
PIER and Sir BENJAMIN HALL were at the last
election returned to Parliament ; and sure
we are that there is not an honest Reformer in
the borough that would not incur an outlay pro-
portionate to his means, to secure the services
of these excellent men in the House of Com-
mons, so long as they can be persuaded to oc-
cupy a seat in that House. Now the merest
pittance from the electoral body will be more

than adequate to defray all the expenses of the
Association. Will it then be withheld? Know-'
ing something of the public spirit of Marylebone,
we answer, impossible !
We have heard some simple people say that
such Associations are useless; that men worthy
to enjoy the franchise will always register them-
selves. Those who speak after this fashion know
little of London, or the avocations ofits inhabitants.
In a great metropolis like this, few men have time
to attend to other concerns than such as form
their everyday employments. Fewer still know
the form of discharging any duty not imposed
upon them by the absolute necessities of their
position—not in society, but in the business of
the several grades of society. As we are writ-
ing, more especially for the information of the
Reformers of Marylebone, we will cite a case in
point. We might adduce several, but one is
sufficient for our argument. A gentleman, not
wanting either in intelligence nor in zeal for the
triumph of Reform, took a house in the borough
of Marylebone before the last registration for the
Borough. Well informed in other respects, he,
however, was ignorant of the forms necessary to
append his name to the list of voters ; and not
being called upon by any Association, he is at
this moment disqualified to vote. This proves
the absolute necessity of Registration Associa-
tions, not only in every borough, but in every
parish. As to the cost, be it only remembered
that it is easier to pay a penny to carry out Whig
Reform, than to have to disburse a pound to
liquidate new taxes imposed by Toryism.
Before concluding, however, we have a higher
duty to perform than appertains to the triumphs
of party. Every person knows the extent to
which the • Tories have carried bribery; and few
perhaps have forgotten that during the last
Session of Parliament, the Whigs were blamed
for not opposing the Tories with their own
weapons. Now we class ourselves with those
who think that in every case " honesty is the
best policy." We want no bribing associations
on a large or a small scale. All we require from
Reform Associations is to inform and direct the
Liberals in what way to record their votes. But
this cannot be done without some outlay, to
which every Reformer ought to feel a pride in
contributing.

:We have Madrid Papers of the 24t1 Ult. On
the previous evening the REGENT went to the
Theatre, where his reception was most enthu.Ai-
aseic. The funds still kept up, but it was sus-
pected that Government influence was at work
to produce an effect, when a depression was ra-
ther to he expected. The Infanta LOUISA
CARLOTA, the wife of the Infant FRANCISCO DE
PAULO, is on her way to Madrid. She is a bold,
intriguing woman, and if there is mischief to be
done, will be in the thick of it. The REGENT
had, therefore, bat,lr beware of her.
A good deal of business was done on the Bourse
on the 24th. The amount mgotiated in the Five per
Cents. was 45,358,000 reels, of which 14,814,000
were for cash. This Stock had again advanced,
and left off at 351 for cash, and of 37 at 58 days.

There is an absolute dearth of political news
in the Paris Journals of Wednesday. There is a
report that the beet-root manufacturers are to be
indemnified, and the attempt to raise sugar in
France given up. This-will be good news for the
colonists, who have suffered severely by the
protection accorded to the beet-root growers.
For the first fortnight of this month the price
of the four-pound loaf of the first quality in
Paris, is fixed at three-pence halfpenny.
There are still, of course, rumours of changes
in the Cabinet ; but the reports of an estrange-
ment between Marshal SOULT and M. GurzoT
are quite unfounded.
According to the returns of the corn trade of France,
published by the Minister of Commerce, the quantity
imported during the month of October was—wheat,
5,194 metrical quintals ; other grain, 5,075 ; and
flour, 36. The exports in the same month amounted
—wheat, to 12,943 metrical quintals ; other grain,
to 58,639, and flour to 4,825. The imports during
the first ten months of 1841 were wheat
95,784 metrical quintals ; other grain, 13,015 ; and
flour, 560. The exports during the same interval
amounted—wheat, to 250.002 metrical quintals; other
grain, to 156,165 ; and flour, to 111,962. The quantity
remaining in the entrepots on the Ist of November was
—wheat, 122,678 metrical quintals ; other grain, 28,796;
and flour, 11,626.
The Annoricain of Brest, of the 27th ult.. states that
the order to disband the seamen whose terms of service
had expired, and which had been anxiously expected,
had at length arrived.
" Leave of absence is to be given for six months, re-
newable at the end of that time. Fourteen hundred
seamen will thus be set free. The ships will then be
placed in dock, and the disbanded seamen will be re-
placed by new levies.
" The fleet will thus remain armed on the war esta-
blishment, and the crews, being constantly exercised,
will be maintained in that high state of discipline of
which France was so proud during the late crisis. It 's
not yet known how long the fleet will be kept on the war
establishment, but that will no doubt depend upon the
determination of the Chambers."

Yesterday M. Plougoulm, late Procureur-General at
Toulouse, was formally re-admitted to the Paris bar.
Hellas published a long statement, in the Gazette des
Zibunaux, in justification of his conduct during the late
disturbances in that town, and which ended in his re-
moval from his office. It tends to establish the following
points :
" That he had fulfilled all the duties of his magis-
tracy to the last moment. That he signed the Decla-
ration (on which his dismissal was principally founded)
only to save the life of M. Mahn!. That, in his
own intention, and in the opinion of numerous wit-
nesses, this document amounted to nothing more than
a safe conduct' for M. Mahul to quit the town with.
That he was a perfect stranger to the calling out of the
National Guard, and to all the consequences. That
he did not leave his house till the last extremity. That
he did not leave Toulouse until after he had proof
from seven hours of danger, that he could not rely upon
any protection, for none was attempted to be afflarded
him. That, from the time of his departure till that
of his return, he kept up a constant correspondence
with Toulouse and the Chancellery in Paris ; which
last received from him in four days three telegraphic
dispatches and two long reports. That, as soon as
he was informed of the arrival of the Provisional Pre-
fect, he resolved to return, and did return, much earlier
than prudence would have dictated. That the Govern-
ment Commissary, on his arrival, found him at his post
ready to act with energy in re-establishing the autho-
rity that had been destroyed, and that he was discussing
the means of doing this when his dismissal arrived."
The price of bread for the first fortnight of this month
remains fixed at 35 centimes the kilogramme.
The Council-General of the Seine during its last Ses-
sion voted 15,000 fr. as a credit demanded for the Arch-
bishop of Paris, but accompanied the grant by a decla-
ration that it was for the last time.

The following burlesque incident occurred yesterday
in a case before the Tribunal de Premiere Instance. An
advocate had been pleading for some minutes, when he
suddenly stopped short in no little confusion, and an-
nounced to the Court that, on casting his eye at his brief,
which had been given him at too late an hour for him to
peruse it with care, he found he had been maintaining the
case of his adversary! lie was about to proceed to refute
his own arguments, but the parties, who were both in
Court, came to a mutual compromise, and put an end to
the suit. _

Eight Spanish refugees have been committed to prison
at Roquemaure, in the Gard, for having, in a quarrel at
the village of Montfaucon, endeavoured to murder three
young Frenchmen. One of the victims was stabbed in
seven places, and is not expected to live ; a second was
also dangerously wounded, and the third was much hurt,
although he is in no danger.
The Mare de la Manche states that the croup is making
such ravages amongst the children of Cherbourg, and
medical treatment has been found so ineffectual, that
public prayers for the cessation of this scourge have been
ordered in the churches for nine days.
" A few days ago," says the Perigueux Journal, "Ma-
dame Ferrand, who kept a tobacco-shop, and also sold
gunpowder, at Parcoul, had the misfortune to let the
spark of a candle fall upon a parcel containing Sibs. of
gunpowder, which instantly exploded. She was so much
injured by the explosion that she died a few hours after-
wards." . .

" Several journals," says the Moniteur Parisiene,
" have talked of a dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies
as a measure in question before the Council of Ministers.
According to information derived from the best sources,
we can affirm that the journal which originated the re-
port was completely in error."
" It has been decided in a Council of Ministers," the
Gazette de France asserts, " that a grant of 40,000,000
francs, payable in five years, shall be demanded of the
Chambers as an indemnity to the beetroot-sugar manu-
facturers, on the suppression, at the end of next year,
of this branch of national cultivation and industry.'
A cook, in the neighbourhood of Paris, having a few
days ago killed a hen, for the purpose of adding to the
flavour of her pot au fu, on opening the bird, was asto-
nished at finding a large pin completely stuck through
the liver, the head protruding on one side and the point
at another, and which, from its appearance, had been
there some time, as a complete case or skin was formed
over it. What is most remarkable, the bird was in per-
fect health, and in good condition.
The Journal du Havre, in noticing a report men-
tioned by the Toulonnais, that the French Government
was about to send out two corvettes to New Zealand, to
enforce the claims of French settlers to the territory oc-
cupied by them, but over which the English exercise a

sovereignity, after some general observations as to the
improbability of the report, adds:—
" When Commandant Lavand arrived to put the co-
lonists, who went out in the Comte de Paris, into pos-
session of the lands of which they were nominally the
owners, they found themselves in presence of seven per-
sons, who possessed similar titles, and some of them of
an anterior date. All these persons laid the same claim
to the property as that set up by our colonists. Amongst
them were two whose names we are able to give, viz. M.
Rataud, of Nantes, and M. Caller, of the Bay of Islands.
To what tribunal were the conflicting claims of so many
competitors to be referred, attended as they were with the
additional difficulty that one portion of the contested
territory had been in possession of an Englishman from
1837, and another from 1829 in the hands of an English-
man, who calls himself owner of 15 square miles in the
Bay of Akaroa ? Will these claims, which are now
under consideration of the English Government of New
Zealand, be recognised in preference to the others which
we have mentioned ? How is this confusion, which may
I appear extraordinary, but which is easily explained by
the disorder and irregularity of the sales made by igno-
rant natives, who thought they could not do wrong for
themselves in selling lands, of which they knew neither
the extent or value, several times over, to be got rid of ?
In the presence of some conflicting pretensions, respecting
which persons on the spot, and from whence we have
the information, are unable to come to a conclusion,
we will not hazard any opinion. We have certainly full
confidence in the legitimacy of the claims of the French
Company, which made this essay of colonization, but
the question is as to what authority is to decide it. Such
is the real situation of things, and as we have no doubt
that our Government is at least as well aware of it as we
are, we should be much surprised if, after having by its
delays lost the opportunity of placing France upon the
same footing in New Zealand as England, and after
having permitted England to assert the right of priority,
and to take possession de facto, the French Government
should attempt to repair the error which it has com-
mitted, by the violent means of an armed intervention.
The responsible editor of the Gazette du Dauphine has
just been condemned by the Court of Assizes at Grenoble
to six months' imprisonment, and 500 f. fine, for insult
to the King, and excitation to hatred of the Government.
The Cour Royale of Montpellier has annulled a judg-
ment of the Correctional Tribunal of Beziers, which ac-
quitted the responsible editor of the journal of that town,
and declared that, as its observations on the census came
within the character of political discussion, which is in-
terdicted to all publications that do not make a deposit
of caution money, sentenced the editor to a month's im-
prisonment and a fine of 200 francs.
The Municipal Council of Marseilles has purchased,
at the price of 1,200 E, the portrait of the celebrated
sculptor Puget, of his great niece and sole representative,
who is left in a state of want.
The Giornale delle due Sicilie, in its numbers of the
9th and 10th ult., contains accounts of numerous cala-
mities within the kingdom of Naples from continued
storms and earthquakes. In the district of Casoria,
near Naples, the whole country has been ravaged—
trees torn up by the roots, windows beaten in, and roofs
carried off. In Calabria, several inhabitants have been
carried away by the torrents and drowned, and others
have been killed by lightning. In the ulterior Abruzzi,
the commune of Torredi Passeri, has been alarmed by a
violent earthquake ; and in the night of October 20,
Reggio and Messina were disturbed by a severe shock.
M. de Salvandy, accompanied by his lady and suite,
our the evening before last, as it was announced he
sei
would, for :41tdrid• All the persons composing the Em-
bassy. who haul !he honour of being presented to the
King previous to their departure, are ordered to meet
at Bayonne on the 6th instal:!*
,at which date the Am-
bassador will proceed to cross the
Spanish frontier. This
required for the
delay is occasioned
transmission f
rom by
Madridthe lapseso f
tion. M. and Mme. de Salvandy will make but a very
f
short stay at Madrid, since they are to return to Paris
the o orders p-
o
timef r s rece
in three weeks' time.
The Observateur Beige states that the French Ambas-
sador at Brussels, the Marquis de Rumigny, has taken
offence because the Papal Internuncio has given the pre-
cedence of him at a dinner, a few days since, at the Mi-
nister of Foreign Affair's. The Marquis contended that
the quality of Internuncio was not equal to that of full
Nuncio, which always entitles its holder to the prece-
dence of all Ambassadore, and-that it being merely equi-
valent to Minister Plenipotentiary, he, as Ambassador,
ought to have been considered as superior in diplomatic
rank. This journal says that the Marquis has begged
the Minister to make this explanation in the diplomatic
circles of the Belgian capital, but does not say whether
the affair has gone any further.
The neighbours of a quarryman, living at Vaugirard,
were alarmed two days ago by frightful screams, issuing
from his room, and a crowd soon assembled under his
window. In a few moments he appeared at it with his
wife in his arms, and with an Herculean force threw her
out. Her fall was broken by the people, but she had
previously been so brutally treated by him, that it was
necessary to carry her to an hospital. The husband
made his escape for a time, but officers sent in pursuit
of him soon effected a capture.
A letter from Nice, of the 24th ult., quoted by the
Gazette de France, announces the arrival of the Prince
of Monaco at his capital, where he was received with
all due honours by the inhabitants (the population is five
thousand), who took the horses from his carriage, and
drew him in triumph to his palace. " Among the vivas,"
says the letter, were cries of " Down with the bread
monopoly :" " Down with all abuses !" The Prince,
struck with these demonstrations, promised to take these
matters into cons'lderation, and then set off for Menton,
the second town or his small empire, which contains
three thousand inhabitUnts. Here he met with the same
reception, but still loudel" acclamations were uttered
against the monopoly. A u1:11),Iltation of the principal
citizens waited upon him, and pr.
,septed a formal peti-
tion for the abolition of the monopol of bread, and a
reform of the abuses which oppressed the country du-
ring the reign of the Prince his predecessor. _The result
of this movement, the Gazette adds, was not known C'hen
the courier left.

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