The Sun.
London, England, 1812-08-06 00:00:00

MR. R..tc•NbOLPH'S LET rEa.

The last Washington papers furnish the follow-
ing interesting letter of Mr. Randolph to his, Con-
stituents

44 FROM THE SIr:ItIT OF SEVENTY-SIX.

" TO THE FREEHOLDERS OF CHARLOTTE, PRINCE
EDWARD, BUCKINGHAM, AND CU:yIBERLAND.
" FELLOW-CITIZENS,

" I dedicate to you the following fragment.
That it appears in its present mutilated shape is
to be ascribed to the 'successfiil usurpation which
has reduced the freedom of speech in one branch
of the American Congress tfr an empty name. It
is flow established for.the first time, and • in the
person of your Representative, that the House

and refu3e. to be a iViencl;cr his;
place, or even to receive a motion from him cpon
till= most momentous subject that can be p;.etent7
e:1 for legislative decision. -A similar,motion viar
brought forward by the republican rr.inr.rity the
year 1798, before these modern inve7,:ions ap-
plied the retnedy. We must bid adie.: to a free
form of government for ever, for the stifling of
freedoin of .debate has- now been di.e.overed. it
was discussed as a matter of right until it was
abandoned by the mover is consequence of addl.=
tional. information [the correspondence of our
Envoy at Paris] laid before Congress by the Pre-
sident.
"in the reign of terror' the fathers of the
sedition lute had nut the hnrd.ihood to • proscribe
liberty of speech, Inuch less the right of free de-
hide on the floor of Congress. This invasion of
tiVe public liberties was reserved fur self-styled reff-
publicans, who hold your understandings in such
coptempt as to flatter themselves that you_ will
overlook their every.outra2;e upon the great first
.principles of free g.vertwnt,) in .f;onsideration
of their professions of tende -.regard for the pri-
vileges of the—people. It is ror yon to decide
whether they have formed a just estimate of your
Character'. You do not require t 'be told that
the violation of the rights of him -whlm you have
deputed to represent you is an .invasion of the
right S-of every man amoflg you, of every indiVi-
dual in society---_-if this abuse be. Suffered
,to pass
unredressed, and the people alone, are competent
to apply the teinedy---?,ve intrA bid adieu to a free
form of goverment.

" Ha;ing learned from various sources that a
declaration of war would be attempte4 on Mon-
day next with ck,sed doors, T deemed it iny_ duty
to endeavour, by an exercise of my constitun.
tional functions, to_ arrest this' heaviest of all pos-
sible calamities, and avert it from tinfi: unhappy'
country. I accordingly made the effort of
.whioh
I now give yen, the result, and of the success of
which you will already have been informed before
thine, pages. reach-.you. I pretend only to give
you the substanc.e of my, unfinished. arguinents„
The glowing wor,der—the language of the, heart-'-t-
-haire passed away with the occasion that called them
forth. They are no longer under my cOntroul.
My design is simply to submit` to you the views
which have induced me to consider a war With
England, -under existing circumstances, as com-
porting neither with the.interest nor ,the honour
of the American people, but as an idolatrous sa-
crifice of both, on the altar of French rapacity,
perfidy, and ambition. France has for years
past offered us .terms of undefined commercial
arrangement, at the price of .a war with Eng,H
land, which hitherto we have not wanted firm-
ness and virtue to reject. The Prite is now to be
paid.
" We are tired of holding out—and following
the example of the nations of continental Eu-
rope ; entangled in the artifices, or awed by the
power pf the destroyer of mankind ; we are pre-
pared4O become instrumental to his ,projects of
universal dominion. Before these pages meet
your eye, the last Republic of the earth will have
enliited, undeg the banners-of the tyrant and he- '
come a party of his cause. The blood of Ame-
rican freemen must flow to cement his power, to
aid in stifling the last struggles of afflicted and
persecuted man ; to -deliver up into his hands the.
patriots of Spain and Portugal, to establish his
Empire over the ocean'. and over the land, that
gave our forefathers birth ; to forge our own
chains.;;--and yet, my ficiends, we are told, as we
were told in the days of ,the mad ambition of Mr.
Adams, " that the finger of HEAVEN points to
war." Yes, the finger of Heaven does point to war.
It points to-War, as it points to the mansion of
eternal misery and torture ;. as to a flaming bea-
con warning us of that vortex which we may not
approach but with certain destruction. It points
to desolated Europe, and warns us of the chas'
tisement of those nations, who have offended
against the justice and almost beyond the mercy
of Heaven, It announces the wrath to come
upon thbse who, ungrateful for the , bounty of
Providenee, not satisfied with peace, liberty,
security, plenty at honie, as it were, into
the- face of the Slost High, and tempt his fCr-
hearance.

"To you, in this place., Lean speak with free
dorn, and it becomes me to do •so nor shall I
be deterred, by the cavils and the sneers of
those who hold as--" foolishness " all that sa-
vours not of worldly wisdom, from expressing
fully and freely those sentiments, which it has
pleased God, iu his mercy, to engrave upon my •
heart. These are no ordinary times. The state
of the world is unexampled. The war-of the pre-
sent day is not like that of our revolution, or any
which preceded it, at least in modern times. It
is a.-war against the liberty and happiness of man-
kind. It is a war of which the whole human
race.are the victims, to gratify the,pride and lust ,
of power of a single individual.
" I beseech you, put it to your own bosoms,
how far it becomes you as freemen, as christians,
to give your aid and sanction to this impious and
bloody warfare against your brethren of the hu—
Man To such. among you, if any such
there be, who are insensible to motives not More
dignified and:manly than they ..#*e intrinsically
wise, I would make a different appeal. I adjure_
yoii by the regard which you have for yourdwn.
security and property, for the liberties and in-
heritance of your children, by all that, you hold
dear and sacred,, to interposeyour constitutional
powers to save your country and yourselves from
a calamity the .issue of which it is not- given to
human foresight to divirie.
" Ask yourselves if you are willing to. become
the virtual allies of Buonaparte i are you willing,
for the sake of annexing Canada:to the Northern
States, to submit to that over-growing system of
taxation, which sends the'turopean 'labo'urer sup-
perless to bed la. maintain, by the sweat of your
brow, armies. at whose hands you'are to receive a
future master?.. Suppose 'Canada oars. Is there
any one among you who would ever be, in any
respect, the better for it ?--the richer—the freer
—the happier—the more secure And is it for a
boon like this, that you join in the warfare against
the liberties of man in- the other hemisphere, and
put your own hi jeopardy ?"

Go,.ernm2nt ites issued that follotiini. 076'1
cornainnicmtion on the subject of Aln.:ricaa

" Licences granted- to American ves-1-15
1nt,1!.: be exhibited to the Marshal of the AdM;ralti
Cqurt, in Doctois' Commons, to be imiorsed:
by him before the vessel will be permitted to
e.eptArt:

The versels at the, out-ports canno` depart
till the Licenses have been indorsed by the. Ma-
rshal, and must be sent to London for thatrpur-
pose, and in time to be -returned to allow -vessels
to depart before the 15th of August."
Extract of a letter from an Officer on board his,
Majesty's Bduidera; dated qalifax,•June :
" You will perceive by reports which doubt-
less have seached England, that- our -little vessel
can do; something for her country. The event
has been fortum te, and a source. of joy and liar,'
piness to us. On-the' 23d, at day-light, five
were Seen ih chase. of a tuerehautnnme all stand-
ing before the wind. We "chke6edea-nd diseovered
them to lie men of Tar. The tables were soon
turned by oar being chased ': at twelve
the headlnost ship, the_ was
gunshot -and ,aifi half;- the United Statex,,with.
in two gun-shots ; and the Essex about three pin-
shots. Athalf-past twelve the President topped his
spritsail yard _to. windward.. We thpu expeeted A
shot, but all remained quiet ;---pipe&to dinner,-e-
The President at!some . distance till three o'clock,
when she began to draw on us; having got- the
wind first ; the whole Of us being before the
wind : at about ten.minutes before fohre she tied
being three cables length from its, she gave us a shot
right through thenidder-coat, 'which damaged the.-
rudder ;I two more shots'were fired, the second of'
which killed one man, and wounded several other:;-
enot being of a bad quality, it split into about
50 pieces. One of the men, who died 24 hours •
after his wounds, bad his arms- amputated high
upeand would have lived had not two of his ribs
been fractured and driven into his lungs ; nOt-
withstandingwhich, after his WO Ull (IS we ;:ressed,
lite.N4nted to go. on deck_ to have another shut
the- cowards (so he termed them). The rest:'.4
Wounded' have merely flesh woereis,
cept one, who has a large splinter in- the knee.
but will not lose the limb. Our Captain, 'ol'
fivers, and men were cool and deterrained:_

fine fellows asked the Captain if should give it

them.

" Poor Captain Byron has received a violent
contusion in the upper and inside part of the thigh,
which- by the surgeon's account will turn to -ga
abscess, -and will be Well in about a fortnight.--
The President's Commaoder is ‘a: coward ;
might have been alongside of us had he chosen it'
He gave us 7 or 8 broadsides, independent of ,is
bow-guns; we tjckled him with 4, and only 4 stern
chasers, which were wellapplied to his bow' ; the!
were thrown into confusion, and I doubt not t 4,4
many oftheYankeyS have left off messing. 0 r
is cut much with their, grape, but that did not Oil
any Men. .- Six shotS struck our counter J' onf
went through. our main-top-mast, and 4*anothcr
through' our cross jack yard, from their'trying•

. _
disable us in our rigging, and we-to hull them.
The annexed is a statement of our weight of ructilk
as compared with that of our American auta"
gonists :—Beicidera, 26 18-pounders, 2 91100-
ders, 14 32-potinders, 42 guns ; President fright';,
mounting. 64 guns, 42 and 24-porinders Coot;-•
tution, 54 guns ; United States,- 54 guns .Esse-v, -
not certain ; Argus, 20 guns." . .
Young BETTY is proceeding hi his
.prosiuct
career, which is likely to be as productive,to
it was when be originallY -excited rustic wets-ter
and admiration.

Monday se'nnight, as Robert Stewart was ern'
ployed grinding smoothing irons at the Snracetv
lane FOundry, Glasgow, the grindstone, whie!l
driven by steam, split in four pieces, 'one of which
struck him in the hew!, knocked out 'one of
eyes and a number of his teeth, and shattered
jaw-bone in .a dreadful manner. He was carl'
to the Infirmary, and we understand hopes are,--
entertained of,his recovery. The stone flew
such_velocity, •that, atter 'wounding the unfortu-
nate man, it forced its way out at th.e ic,,of Lei tbg
Louse.

~ . 11l RIMS. ha
On the 29th tilt, at Clarleton, Fifeshire; the Lady it-.71) .
Anstruther Thora?on, Esq.' of. *Daughter. .
..
On Sunday Ipst, in Nur.tingliani-place, the Lady of 1;2,5:
tenant-Colonel Mar.in, of the ISt Regfinent of Guards, 61 ""
Daughter. . .
-On Monday eren',ng last, in foley-plaee, Cavendish-sritie'
the wife of G.torga Myth, Esq.. of a Daughter. • ... .

MARRIED. -
On Flifiy, at Portsmouth, Lieutenant Henry Davies,
hie Majesty's ship Tremendous, to Miss Sarah Mayton, of Fr.

7trshran. .
.On Tuesday last, at High 137ye.-in-tbe, Rucks, John Carters.:
jun. Esq. to Anne, eldest: daughter of the Rev. James Pr;A:tt,
•
Vicar.

DIED. ~,,„
At Exmouth, Devonshire, Airs. H.; w irs. Life of.Edwarlliari
Esq. of that place.
On the .1 Ito of laSt Mouth, Jessre Asibsi.4 the wife of Fre-
deric W. Campbell, Esq. of llarbruk, -
;On the 20th ult. aged 102, iamb, the wife ci Mr. Gerv°
Yeomans, of Richmond-street, Nottioghany. eyz,
-On the 21st'ult..after-a short but pa -
painful ilineSs, in the -
year of her age, Miss Charlotte Thornton, youngest daughter
of Mr. Thornton, Manager of the Windsur Theatre. •
On Saturday last, at Worthing, aged -o .years, Ambrose'
Serie, Esq. one of the Commissioners of the Transport Boar`'
Oa Thursday night last, in George-street, Portman-svafef
Mrs. Elizabeth Higgon: widOw of the-late Rev. Thomas I.4ir
gon, Rector of ingestrie, Staffordshire.
On Monday last, at Brompton,, 'Miss Harriet Mills, 06,
youngest daughter of the late Samuel Gillarn Mills, Esq• f•
Grocuwieb.
La',.ely, in France, Captain Cornelius Van Dyk, in the'
prime of life.

COAL MAR ET, Auctrs; 5.
Ships at.Man.et. Sl,lips sold. Price.
0";
3oi.Newca3tie . . . 241 . . . 625. Ods to 50c.
°";
1 -§cilexriant! . . . . 0 . —3. 6d. to •••••3•'.
1 Stone
°X° • . . 531. od. to -7s,
2 Welch Coal. .. . 0 . . —s. od. to 00 ,

PRI6E OF STOC:
Bank Stoek,
Navy 5 per Ccnt.
4 per Cent. 73,,M-
-3 ptr. Cent. Red. 56
;-; per Cf•ilt. Con. SG-fa
Bank L.:Ann. 14 5-16th3
India Stock,
India Bonds, Ss. 10s. 91. dis.

K.S YESTERDAY.
Exchequer I3ifs, 3 d. peidaY,
Is. 2s. dis.
Ditto, aid. per day, Ss. ss. pr.
.Omni pr.
Imperial 3 per Cent.- 51.5 if
,Ditto 1-,l6th
'Cons.. for_ 28th Aug. SCI '`;
5641

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE 'IO-MORIZO'V•
Morning, 20 minutes after 2: Evenino• •47 minutes after