The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON. WEDNESOA Y, JUNE 16, 1-,41.

in support of the other side ; but it was a curious
anonsoly that the Hon. Baronet did not divide his speech
into equal parts, but gave one sentence in favour of pro-
tection, and the next for unqualified free trade.—(Cheers
and laughter.) He was not inclined on the present oe-'
cashan tope into so vast a question as the Corn-laws,
but he must say that whatever opinions he had heard
on the subject, he never before heard - any one
say that it was a question of small consequence.
Now that was so extraordinary a doctrine that he knew
not how to deal with it. He had always thought that
that branch of trade connected with the paime necessary
of life was the one of the highest importance, and that
unless it were establighed on a wise basis all the in-
terests of the country would be injuriously affected. The
Ministry had not brought forward measures rash, reckless,
and dangerous, as was imputed to them, but had long and
deeply considered the course which they had taken.
These alterations had not now been contemplated for the
first time ; and for his part, it had been his intention in
the Customs' Bill of the year to have proposed many
other important alterations. He believed that they had
now no other choice than that of reducing their prohi-
bitory duty or witness the ruin of many of the most
important branches of our manufactures.—(Hear, hear.)
He could state, as President of the Board of Trade, that
his:rooms had been for many mouths crowded with de-
putations from the manufacturing classes, comprising
men of all parties and opinions, urging upon him the
necessity of at length adopting some measures for re-
lieving the pressure upon the commerce of the country.
With regard to the motion then before the House, he
approved of its principles ; but as he did not consider it
could lead to any practical result he would advise his
Hon. Friend to content himself with the discussion
which had taken place, and not press it to a division.
He was aware of the many important considerations con-
nected with the measures which the Government had
brought forward, and he did not regret the course they
had taken. For his own part, he could not submit to
the humiliation of occupying the position of a British
Minister while lie left so many dangers unprovided
for as now threatened the national prosperity. Ile did
not know what might be the effect of those measures
upon the state of parties ; and, comparatively speaking,
he did not care. Not, however, that he was indiffereat
to the fate of the great party with which he was connecte
but he felt that the Government, by bringing forward
these questions, had contributed greatly to their triumphs.
I —(Hear, hear.) The subject was now fairly before the
public, and he had never known the people of England
engage in a just cause which they did not carry to a
triumphant issue.—(Cheers.), Upon that head he lied
the fullest confidence, whatever party might be in power.
Mr. BAINES regarded the present question, althoagh
it was not likely to be attended with any practical re-
sult in the House, as one which would have a practical
effect in the country. The present discussion would be
serviceable, in his opinion, inasmuch as it would enlighten
the public mind upon the -feelings of parties and of indi-
viduals. He could speak from experience of the lament-
able effect of the present system of taxation, in alienating
the minds of the labouring classes from our present in-
stitutions. A Committee had lately been appointed in
Leeds, to inquire into the present state of distress in the
town, and it was four(' that there were in all 10,000 in-
dividuals in. Leeds out of employment, or depending on
those who were in that situation. A meeting was after
wards held, at which the chairman of the committee
,of unemployed workmen, made a statement which
was well worthy of consideration. He said that
unless the children of the labouring classes
could be supplied with bread, they would be under the
necessity- of seeking it somewhere, nu matter by what
means, and that opinion he shared with his fellow-work-
men. A remonstrance having been made to him against
the evils to which such a doctrine would lead, he stated
that the opinion lie had expressed was that of nine out
of every ten operatives ; and lie did not wish to con-
ceal it.
Mr. Baines was proceeding with his address when
Sir S. Canning moved that the House be counted. It
having then been found that there were but twenty-four
Members present, the Houss aljonrned.

PARLIAMENTARY DIVISION.

JEWS' DECLARATION BILL-THE LATE
DIVISION IN THE HOUSE aFLORDS.
CONTENT-PRESENT. •

DUKES.

Lecd
Somerset

31 t RQUISIRS,
cadalbane
Bute
( tunricarde
Heatifort
Lansdowne
No-tnanby
IV; stminster
LA:: LS.
8.-mee

larendon
Chiehestlr
Coventry
Effingham
Ha rrowby
lieheater
Lovelace
Luerm

Mint()

Morley

DUKE.

Bed fm. r 1
MA •t4;t;

Anyir,ey.
lA)iiddthierry

EARLS.

Radnor
Roacbeu -
'Scarborough
Su&lk
'M net
'rankerville
Wicklow
Yarborough
Zetland
vi SCOUNTS.
Duncaniuni
Melbourne

LORD s.
Denman
Dinorben
Gardner
Hastings
Path,rton
Howden
Langdale
Leigh
Mostyn
Montfort
-donteagle
Portman
Stanley
Stuart de Rothsay
Slideley
falbot de Malahide
Wrottesie
BISHOPS.

LORDS,
Ashburton
Bex,ey
Beaumont
Belhaven
althcrpe
Clotwurry
Cottenhain
Colborne
Dacre
De Freyne
AIRS-CONTENT.
LORDS.

Ely
Lichfield
Not midi
St. David's
Durham

13 tteman
Crewe
Wenlock

PROXIES—CONTENT.
H rt. H. the Duke 1 EARLS. LORDS.
of Sussex Gosfol (1 Dunally
DUKES. Granville Dormer
Cleveland Hun, ingdon • Erskine
Devoashirc Kintore Godolphin
Grafton Leicester Honan I
Hamilton Leitrim I Howard dc Walden
Leinster Meath Kingston
Roxburgh Oxford I Love
St. Alban's Shrewsbury Lismore
Sutherland Spencer l.ynedoch
mAnotrises. Shawn n Lurk=
Conyugliani liscotr:vre. f Methuen
Sligo Ebrington Plunket •
Falkl.m.l I Itanfurly
Lake Rossmore
St. Vincent Seaford
LORDS. I Sefton
A beret omby Stourton
Berners Stratfird
Camoys • I suffield •
Carew Vaux
Clifford Vernon
De Manley Western
Dorchester

EARLS.
Besboro.,gh
Burlington
Camperdown
Carllsle
Char'moot
Cravtn
Cork
Derby
Ducie

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
(LLOYD'S).

LONDON, Junk 15.—:Wind this day at noon, W. to N. W.
DEAL, JUNE 14.—Wind R.S.E. to S.W.—Arrived the
Codrington, from Antigua ; Hebe, westward. Arrived from
the River and sailed, the Sarah, for Port Philip; Sarah Scott
and Passenger, Calcutta ' • Pekin, Bombay ; Orlando, Quebec.
STANGATE CREEK, JUNE 14.—Arrived the Manfred,
Maywood, from Odessa.

LIVERPOOL, JUNE 14.—Wind N.W., light—Arr;ved the
Zoe, Holmes, from Calcutta ; Iron Duke, ditto ; -England,
Tizard, Valparaiso • Celt, Doherty, Barbadoes; Caledsnia
steamer., Boston. ltft Ist, Halifax 3d ; Ganges, St. John's,
New Brunswick ; Hamburgh steamer, Hamburgh, to take in
her machinery. The Sarah, bound to this port., in • being
towed out of Galveston, parted her hawser, grounded, and
partly filled with water. The Samson, from London to New
York, is wrecked at Nova Scotia, crew and passengers saved.
The City of Perth, hound to this port, was wrecked on the Bar
of St. Louis, Texas, on the 12th ult., crew. saved. The
Mileck, from Savanilla to this port, was wrecked on the Tor-
tugas on the 30th April, crew and part of cargo saved. The
Charlotte, of Alicia, bound to Sydney-, New South Wales,
was wreckedl near the Cape de Vents 18th April, crew and
ra.sengers saved. A sh:p, apparently from 500 to 600 tons,
with painted ports, was sent on shore on Alligator Reef, 18th
ult., with her head to the northward. A bright sided ship
was seen en shore on Sombrero Key, 16th ult. The Susque-
hanna, arrived at. Philadelphia from this port, was in contact
with a vessel Bth ult., which was terribly injured, no doubt
the Paragon, reported 2d ins'. Sailed the Washington for
Quebec ; Siddons and Liverpool, New York ; Sterling, Boston.
Cowas, JUNE 14.—Arrived the Prometheus, Bradheriug,
from Bahia ; Antigua packet, lU‘Knight, Elavannalt.
Attnivrn IN THE CHANNEL, the Marchioness Chandos,
from Demerara.

PLYMOUTH, JOSE 13.—Sailed Lady Kennawav, Sydney.
FALMOUTH, JUNE 13.—Wind variable.—Arrived the Eu-
phernia, Duff, from Port-au-Prince, sailed title ult. ; Mon-
trose, steamer, from Liverpool for Vigo, on a cruise. Sailed
her Majesty's ship Avon, on a cruise, with supplies for the
homeward-bound.
OFF SCILLY, JuNE 11.—Arrived the Druid, Barhadoes:
CORK, JUNE 13.--Sailed the Sovereign, transport, Malta.
OFF GALLEY HEAD, JUNE 11.—Arrived th,; Princess
Royal, Keller, Sierra Leone.

•
IMPORTANT TO MARINERS.
Errors in Sailing Directions for the Waitemater and Gulf if
Shouraka, ew Zealand.
The following has been reuiNvcd at Lloyd's :
Office of Committee of Privy Council of Trade,
Whitehall, June 12, 1841.
Sir—With reference to my letter to you of the 29th April
last, en the subject of the sailing directions for the Waitemater
and Gulf of Shouraka, New Zealand, I am directed by the
Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade to inform you, that since that letter was written two errors have been
di,covered in those directions, namely, for " to avoid a small
rocky islet, lying one leatrue N. 53. W.," read fur the latter
" S. 63. E. ;" and for " Pirogues in 39 deg. 7 min. 5.," read
" Pirogues 36 deg. 16 min. S. and lam to request that you
will make the same known for the informa!ion of those saiing
to New Zealand.-1 am, Sir, your obedient, servant,
J. MACGREGOR.
To William Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyds.

TRADE IN DUNDEE.—We have again to re-
cord a very dull state of things here—the transactions in
linens, flax, and yar7s, being extremely limited. Let-
ters from St. I'etersburgh to the 25th ultimo. N.S.' Say,
At this moment there is nothing doing—the buyers
seem to be deferring their operations until the:fresh flax
arrives, and they see how the braak will go : it is not
supposed the pries for the nine heads, braak 1841, will
open under Ro.'9s."—which, at th exchange of 381 d.,
will cost about 321. per ton. f. o. b. At Riga flax eras
quiet, and it is still the general opinioa prices are to be
down after the first ships are gone; those vessels I..hich
have gone out on chance find no charterers. Consider-
able disappointment is expressed at the non.-arrival of
the Britannia steamer, from New York and Halifax,
now a week overdue. It is understood she has on board
many of the spring sales and remittances. Serious kars
are entertained for her safety ; and there is now almost
ti,) hope of hearing of the President.—Fifr Herald.
FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE LONDON AND
Bain:4'l'oN MUMMA D.—On Monday an irque4 was held at
the Sussex County Hospital, en the body of John Cates, age.l
no, a labourer on the London and Brighton Railroad. John
Honings deposed that on Tuesday, the 4th of May last
the deceased and himself were employed in a cutting r.t.
Patcham, near the Patcham Tunnel. The deceased was em-
ployed in tipping (npening one side of the cart to turn out the
earth), when his.foat anl lac fell on the rails, and the
fore and hind wheels of the waggon passed over his knee. w hich
was crushed in a shocking ra:mner. Mr. Whiteman, the
house surgeon of the Instituticcs, stated that the deceased sunk
under the effects of the injury, and died on Friday last.—Ver,
diet—" Accidental Death."
Mr. Lefe-vre, the Senior Poor-law Commissioner,
is reported to have retired from that office. If so, changes in
the arrangements and appentmcuts of the Central Bosid will
1:1,)-t lie.y tae riacc.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE DAILY PA PERS OF YESTERDAY.
CHRONICLE.-e-The view which we yesterday took of the..
metropolitan election, applies equally to the coming, straggle'
throughout the country. Everywhere, the choice lies between
a positive good and a mere negation, a defined and beneficent
policy, and an undefined party expediency. Ministers have
proposed to increase the revenue, not by taxing the people,
but by untaxing them ; not by burdening industry, but by. re-
lieving of burdens, and relying on its inherent eloticity for
augmented mums frOm diminished imposts. For this pro-,
pose!, Sir Robert Peel and his coadjutors have cone
demned them, and they invite the constitu -nries try
ratify the condemnation. They advance,-no counter .projet ;
they pretend to no more just or advantageous mode of raising
revenue ; they merely say, turn them out, for they aim at un-
taxing you. 'fhe resuit of such an appeal would be very
obvious, were it not for three things—first, the power of the
monopolist classes, who share in the wealth unfairly obtained-
from the community ; secondly, the vague expectancies Loge
change of the discontented of every sort, expectancies sedulously
min-stered to by indefinite exposssions or fallacious promises;
and thirdly, that corrupt machinery which monopolist
cupidity and the aridity of trading pel tireats for
piece will not fail to employ to the uttermost. In
these consists the strength of the Opposition. Better
to lick Rich strengths than to prevail by in But it is nit yet
victorious, and it there be any public spirit and irincip'e in
the country, it never will. the single known p. int (of a.
positive character) in the policy of the Opposition is, that
they want to et -t in. All their promises and all their conceal-
ments, their accusations and their flatteries, tend to this one
object. Fur this they coquet with Chartists and bigots, with
the friends of universal suffrage. and the could-be repealers
of Catholic emancipation. weti the most violent supporters of
the prey nt Co n-law, and with the most violent haters of the
Poor-law, which derives from that very Corn-law all its strin-
gency. For this, they are ready to bribe, bully, cajole, and
do anything that can obtain votes against free trade and the
Ministry.
POST.—We hope tiiat even the Whig-Baelical party of
London has enough of manliness to be ashamed of the Minis-
terial article which " flamed in the forehead " of yesterday's
Morning Chronicle. We thought its sycophancy the most
disgusting we ever read, until we came to its blasphemy.
Surely there is enough of sense and reasonableness-aof pro-
priety and decency-in the " Liberal " penion of the 'constitu-
ency of London to make them revolt against a production
which in one part is wanting in the proper pride of a man, and
in another shockingly irreverential towards the sacred word of
Go.l. The article to which we reter consists of nearly a column
and a half all about the intention of Lord John Russell to stand
for the City of London. The names of the other candidates on
the same side of politics are not mentioned, nor their claims
ueon the constituency so much as alluded to. Now, with
all deference to Lord John Russell, we think this exclusive
devotedness to him is rather too much on the part of the Mi-
nisterial journal. We need not say that our opinion of the
senatorial value of Messrs Wood, Pattison, and Crawford, who
at present represent London, at d seek to be re-elected to the
new Parlian ent, is not very high. But. we affirm—and we
think we are influenced by no party feeling in saying to —that
any sue of these gentlemen is a more fit and proper person te
be chosen to represent the city_ of London than Lord John
Ptosell. We cannot look upon his Lordship's attempt to get
in for the City in any other light than that. of a " forlorn hope."
His address has something of :he neatness of expression which
distinguished the Noble Lord in former times; but, as to mat-
ter, it is mere balderdash. There is not a particle of seas=-
or truth in the statement he makes by way of excuse fornasking
the suffrages of such a censtitu-ncy as that of London.
HERAD.—Should the treasonable schemes fur the repeal
of the Union, which have been permitted to be " agitated"
with insolent impunity, by the Government of Earl (Trey and
all its successors—(with the exception of the short interval o'
Sir Robert Peel's Administration of 1835—for that endured
not long enough to l'ermit of any measures of repri scion or o'
punishment)—should those schemes, by some cispensation
an offended Provideeee, be ever permitted to succeed ; we pre-
sume that with the integrity of the mei, c which it repre-
sents, the Parliamen' of Great Britain would forego its
" imperial" title. Far distant be that evil day !—May the
baleful star whose bad influences are so incessantly invoked
by the great political necromancer of Derrynane he
fated never to infringe, in its eccentric course, upon the
orbit within which, we trust, the sphere t f the Constitution is
destined sti'l to revolve, through as many ages as may be Per-
mitted to the existence of merely human institutions. In the
mean while we wish that they who too easily lend themselves
to propositions which have nothing beyond their reckless auda-
' city to recommend them, would only attach to this si.gniticant
epithet—(" Imperial")—in their own mit d lme definite
idea; some standard of appreciation ever pieee..., to their re-
cultections. Fur in that case it is more than probable that the
crude and dangerous demand for a positive disruetion of the
most important of the ties which bind up the component per
tione of tile United Kingdom in one organised and migley
state—would be disini,sed the moment it might be presenteu
to their consideration—without further inquiry.
GLOBE.—We do not expect that any regular discus-
sion will now take place before the close of this Parlia-
ment on the Corn-law question. The Opposition fought
shy of such a. discussion, when it was otfered them, for
reasons which, we doubt not, will be appreciated by
the public. 'nib.), " did, and make no sign"—no sign but
the incidental utterances of their inure impatient Mem-
bers in either House, and the sustained and systematic
extraveg,ancies of their newspaper organs. We have
lately given some specimens of these—one of which,
from the Standard, we gave from memory, only in sub-
stance. Our Contemporary somewhat complains ,of this;
and we take the occasion to correct our citation. We
stated that the Standard asserted England would neither
lose any wealth nor any persons of the slightest use to her,
if all the manufacturing towns and districts were swallowed
up. The Standard's exact words were, it appears, as fol-
lows ; and we cannot but take shame to ourselves for
not having remembered such words with more ac-
curacy. The, Standard merits the whole honour 'of
an exact transcript :—" England would be as great
and as powerful, and all useful Englishmen as rich es
they are, though one ruin should cngulph all tht
manufacturing towns and districts of Great Britain."
Such then are the extravagances which are uttered
on one side of this question. We confess we are sorry
that some exaggerations are uttered on the other. We
rice confident nothing can serve our cause so-surely ac
the plain unvarnished truth. We are sorry, therefore,
to hear a prominent friend of the cause, like Mr. Hume,
state, that " the landed proprietors had, during the last
four years, received every year, in consequence of the
rise in the price of corn and other articles of food, a tax
exceeding fifty millions sterling, being more titan the
whole amount paid towards the wants of the State. It
was useless to deny that the landed interest received
fifty millions per annum for the taxes on food." It must
be, indesel, useless to deny such statements to those who
can seriously make them. Nothing but the haste of
debate can account for Mr. Hume having done so. For
our own part we deprecate all such useless exaggera-
tions ; let those indulge them whom a conscious wrong
and weakness in reason make desperate and reckless
in a.ssertion. We have no need of them.
STANDARD.—We hear of monopolies, but this is
the giant monopoly—the monopoly by the capitalist of all
the profits of labour, industry, and enterprise. But one
thing is exempt from that grasping monopoly—the pro-
fits of the land ; and of them the capitalist hopes
to possess himself, by the aid of those whom
his success must reduce to a condition worse
than that of even the Brazilian negro slaves.
,re shalt of course be taunted .as levellers and revo-
lutionists, as enemies of property and' order in main-
taining these opinions ; but, besides that we arc careless
of reproach with truth on oar side, we can answer that
our part is strictly defensive. We ask to deprive no
man of what Ire posseSse's—let the moneyed man enjoy
his money, let hem use it as he pleases, so he use
it not to the injury of his neighbours and
country ; but when becomes the aggressor—'
when, net contented with the protection which the
law affords him, he claims the right to rob one class of
his fellow-citizens, and to throw another into the
most abject and the most oppressive slavery, and to reduce.
his country to a conditioa of miserable dependence, he
must not complain if he is told that he is worse than use-
less—that he is at best but a tolerated nuisance—the
only prosperous man whose prosperity adds nOthing
to the good of his country. The landowner or fitrmer
" who makes two blades of grass grow where but one
grew before," is, in his degree, a benefactor ; the
scholar or scientific man, who adds to the; knowledge
or to the power of his fellow-citizens, is a benefactor
of a higher order ; but in what respect does he be-
nefit tee public who causes two thousand infants
to be ground in the mill this ear where but.
half the number were ground 'last year. He'
makes a profit of the inhuman trade no doubt e
but who shares the profit with him ? It augments his
hoard ; it enables him to make poverty poorer by bidd-
ing
against it in every market and every pursuit of life ;
or it extends mill-grinding and infanticide. Enough,
however, of the general question, enough, we mean, for
a newspaper—for we are far . from thinking that
enough has been said for the instruction of the
public. No opportunity, we think, ought to be lost for
exposing the fallacy that a nation cannot become rich by
her independent resources, or for demonstrating that it is
only by independence of other nations, both as regards
fcod and employment, any country can be securely great;
and, consequently; that the whole commercial policy of
our empire ought .to be to insure that independence by-
gentle and gradual means.
COURIER—The Anti-Corn-law League is an atro-
cious conspiracy for the reduction qf wages,—tbr grind-
ing the faces of the poor—to which the enactment of die
barbarous New Poor-law, so boisterously bawled
for by the same' conspirators, was the first acces-
sory step. Its avowed object was to induct the
poor and working classes into the use of a coarser
kind of food ; to aseertaiti, by a persevering course of
horrid experiments, the least possible quantity of this
coarser food by which soul and body could be
kept together, so as to establish one important element
of calculation as to the largest reduction of wages which
could be safely undertaken, so as to extract a given
quantity of labour from the human machine. The next.,
step is by the abolition of Corn-laws to eheapen bread,
by which another element of calculation for the further
reduction of wages is to be arrived at. The last and grand
consummating element in this iniquitous calculation is,
to cause a constant plethora of supply in the labour
market, which would leave the operetives wholly at
the mercy of. the'. employers. This, too, is to .be
supplementary effect- 'of Cora-law abolition, which
by throwing the land out of tillage mast necessarily
throw the agricultural labourers out of work by the
hundred thousand: Thee unemployed labourers w:11
naturally resort for work and food to the manufacturing
districts, where, coming into competition with the more
skilled operatives, they can only hope JO displace them
by offering their services at half or less than half
Wages. Assuming that the quantity of work, or the
production of manufacturz.d articles, remains the same,
it is clear either that the skilled manufacturing operative
must be compelled to accede to a discount of wages to
the extent, or, On reciesancee he wiil be discharged,
and change places with the before starving and unem-
ployed rural labourer. The fact is, however, that the
quantity of work or manufacturing production will not
remain the same ; for by the, displacement of agricul- I
tural labour, the throwing the laud out of tillage, and
the ruin altogether of the landed and farming in-
terest, the home consumption of manufactures must
be diminished to all the frightful extent., never to be re-
placed by a corresponding increase of foreign consump- •
don. For what can the serfs of Poland or of Mecklen-
burg and Pomerania ever consume with wages at ad.
per day ? This is a plain statement of the case, which
can hardly fail to come home to the understandings of

the nanufaeturirg operatives. Let them not lay the
flattering unct'on to their souls that raw rural labourers
could not attain to the repisite manufacturing skill for
ejecting, by underselling, them.

MONEY MARKET and Ul i Y NEWS.
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
POST.—The; principal variations in the value of
lthe English securities were to-day in Bank Stock. This in-
- vestment was marked, up to a late hour, at the price of 165,
but the market for it became more languid towards the clo- e,
and the final qualation was 167 to 9. The transacti els we- e
not important, being confined probably to the routine business
of brokers acting for ceiperate and other specific interests.
Bank Stock is a heavy security to deal with, and whenever sales
of it have to be pmempturity made the market is pres.etly
' affected.
By a communication made by .kesers. Lizerdi and Co., the
agents of the Mexican (Sin-eminent, to the Committee of
:vanish American Bondholders, the foltoe lug facts app. at :
line total amount of cereficett a issued in London against the
customhouses of Vera Cruz end Tampico, is 1,373,006 dol-
lars, of ehich there hat been paid at the said cue enti-hauses,
up to the date of the advises by the last mail, 1,120,3ti6 dollar:,
besiaes which there have been remitted to tee said agen's
towards the payments of the dividends 17,71 d. 17s. 9.t., ex-
clusive of the sum in the hands of elessrs. Baring Brothers
and Co.
The accounts we continue to receive from the ma-admits; ing
distaicts are of a very gloomy complexion. &vend failures
have occureett in Lancashire, as well as at Cleve-, and the
greatest depreesion.prevails in those quarters in every breech
of business. 'nee adverse state of things is laid hold of by the
anti-Corn•law party. It is converted tn.° an argument highly
favourable to their political purposes—purposes which it is
proposed to accomplish througu the instrumentality of that yer-
tecious n odium, popular agitation ; and the pretences on which
they proceed to abuse the public mind being. artfully dressed
up for the occasion, many of the manufacturers have been
deluded into the belief that the present depression of
the mai In ts is really attrieutahle to the exist ing
system of duties. Some time ago, the sant,' trea-
cherous clieue singled out for attack the Bank of England
as the unquestienaele foils et °riga of commercial inactivity ;
but being completely 'elated in their teeaonings upon this
point, by memo, too, of the yet y ireeeirr which they pi ofesseil
to be eager to institute, they, nos*eitith as little hone,ty and
decency as they at thet time Oxhibtatid, endehrour to give -cu--
teney to the notion that the Prosperity of the country consists
in the. convulsion or our cenunercitl and coral system, cen-
sequent upon a total reveal of the Cern.laws. Such beine,a
the preitton they-have assumed, we wou:d earnestly (hetet
the attention or the more reflecting class of our
_manu-
facturers, -thoteh by no means for the firste' time,
to an evil which is becoming but too palpably ap-
parent. When we hear of large and pee erlut Joint-stock
oauks in the manufacturinge let- icte making heavy ilk minima
advances uponneihs and nichinerye and of their being re-
duced to the nieessity Of appiaring as credit() s for ;urns of
thirty or forty thuusand Founds upon the eetates of malufac-
turers oho, but for such advances, would either never have
enibarkee in besine•s at all, or, doing so, long since have sus-
pended, we think we have disco :need one main cause of the
iir. tract, d difficulties which have cht.toked the manufacturing
progress of the kingdom.
IIMES.—Ase in consequence of the reports that have crone-
cline to time been spread, respecting t',e President, questions
have arisen how far the captain of a csso is justified in passing
. ano her ship in distress, and wle her such a deviation from
flies course as humani y weted dente u .night not vitiate his
policy of min:a:lce' the following extract feotn Marshall on
Insurance, a week held as itie.h authority at Lloyd's, may be I
cited, as likely to set every doubt at rest:—" The succouring
of ships in distress is ii duty which policy, as well as humanity,
imposes on every man who has the means of performing it,
and a deviation'for the, eurperse being fir the common advan-
tage of ail perefons, underwriters and others, is ju tillable."
Privve Letters from Rio Janeiro have arrived, of the dine of
the 17. h of April, which state that money for brisness pur-
poses was very scarce. First rate co.n eercial paper was not
dine under 10 per tent. premium. .Exchange upon England
eas firm at 30%, but the operations hall been limited in eon-
etquence 'Of the seat city of cash. The Minister of Finance
hae taken up 630 metes of rein, in Treasury bills, at 8 rer
cent. per annum, and 4- per cent. brokerage. Advises from
Buenos Ayres reeresent the war frith Monte Video as sti'l
pregreesing.
1 h-a '1 reaty of Commerce between France and Holland,
y so much a subject of discession Zvi h the French Legis-
lature,
latel
as well as the attention drawn to the article of sugar by
;the debases in this country, will render a deecript ion of the psi
Lion of Holland with respect to its manufacture a matter Vsome
interest. According to a German Neespaeer lately pub.
ishel, in which tee subject is cessidered at great length,
Holland is in the anomalous position, that while her
sugar manufacture is too exult:Jed fur present circumstances,
she is compelled to mentain it to its full height. .. She uses in
maeufactere every year above 1,200;000 zentner (a weight of
1001 b. ) of raw-susar from her colonies, but consumes no more
than abort 190,0001 b., and is therefore obliged to export.
1,010,0001 b. It is thus obviously the interest of Holland to
encourage the exeortiteien trade as much as possible; but still
there is a danger that she will nut ee able to get rid of all her
superabundance, notwithstanding the :powerful assistance of
her Government. Here she feels the loss of Belgium which
has reduced domestic consumption one-halt, wide the peo-
ductioa of sugar in Java has gone on increasing,
and the manufacture in Holland itself has been par-
sued on a scale ton large for her wants. Already
the eyils of this position have mink- themselves appa-eut,
by failures in Arnsterdani and Rotterdam; and—though
an obvious remedy wotild seem to present itself in
the reduction of the menufacture, this expedient' is at-
tended with more difficulties than are apparent at first sight.
The chief revenue of .lava is derived faint its sugar; to that
the whole system of Dutch Colonial Government is directed.
and the production has increased to an extraordinary degree,
~'hilts it is yet impossible to say whether tile ntaxiinton lt
oven attained. On thi, production depend the ioternal manu-
facture and commercial navigation of Holland, and any dimi-
nution in this respect would produce a most injurious reaction
Against two important branches of industry. Hence the neces-
sity which Holland feels for keeping on her sugar inanufactui,
in spite of every ti.sadvantage, end, as far as her colonial pro•
duce goes, it seems she has no rival to fear in the export of her
sugars, for the French colonies do not produce enough for con-
sumption in the mother country, and the English colonies
produce scarcely mere than is required here. The great com-
petitors she has to fear seem to be the vendors of beetroot
sugar In the German market, and against this article all her
enneavours must chiefly be directed.
Examining the production d f Java more in detail it is to
be re-marked, that the inhabitants are obliged to cover a fifth
part of their estates with sugar, with which they pay their
rent. Produce is encouraged by rewards offered by Govern-
ment, and the planters who produce more than the fifth are
entitled to the value of the extra quantity. The cane is pre-
pared in private- factories to which money is advanced by Go-
vernment, who are repaid in raw sugar. The whole system
works well, while this price pays for the pr. cess ; but when
it becomes too lute a depression is felt on every side. For-
merly the price was fixed by the Government at 13% florins
par pikol (1321 b.) ; but in consequence of the decline
of sugar in Europe the Gove-nment was compelled ,
lower it to 103/4 florins, to the great loss of the planters.
This reduced the selling price from 11 florins 74c. to 8
florins 30e. per zentner. Recent investigatiens in
France have shown that a mannfa.cturer in the co-
lonies will, under the most favourable circumstances,
produce a zentner of rough sugar at 25f. ; but in general can-
not produce it under 211 f., which is nearly equal to the Dutch
price of 11 florins 74e. The freight and expenses to the
French warehouse is about 13f., while those to the Dutch
warehouse are about 5 florins 14e , so that the price of the
French sugar is increased to about 14'., and that of Holland to
about 36'. The zentner of beetroot can be manufactured in
France at about 44f., which at first would be the iniee of that
manufactured in Germany. It is to be sects from these de-
tails that Holland rules the market by a farced production, and
acts on a principle totally different Loin any which can he en-
forced in the cultivation of the beetroot. The Celoniel Go.
verninent-compels the vroduetion of a certain quantity of sugar
at a price fixed by theauselves, arul levier all circumstances,
while the state of circumstances wid inhere-0 the beetroot and
its ntanufacture.

FARM LABOURERS IN AMEF ICA;

We shall now attend to the farin labourer.; :—" If the
contrast is striking betw,:,:n the . English • and American
farmer, it is still more so between the farm-labourers of
the two countries. In England it isivell known what
miserable wages rr'_cultural labourers receive ; ten to
twelve shillings perhaps the average ;—what scanty faro
they are obliged to subsist upon—flesh meat' once or
twicz, a week, at the utmost ; and how perpetually they
stand in danger of the workhouse, with all their desire
to av(;(1 it, with no education themselves, and no desire
to prceu..e any for their childreu. Here, there is not
labourer on the farm who receives less than a dollar a
clay, or 24 shillings per week, while many receive more ;
and those who are permanently attached to the farm
have wages equal to tllvt throughout the year. B sides
this, they have as good Tiring the farm-house as pros-
perous :tradesinen in the middle ranks of life enjoy in
England ; three substantial meals a day, and in hay and
harvest time four, with abundance and variety at each.
At the same time they -enjoy the adrantages of excellent
schools for the almost gratuitous education of their chil-
dren, neat little cottages for themselves and wives to live
in, a little plot of ground for gardening, and privileges
in great number. The consequence is, that the • farm-
labourers and their families are all welt-fed, well-dressed,
well-educated in all the ordinary elements of knowledge,
intelligent in conversation, agreeable in manners, and as
superior to the corresponding class of farm-labourers in
England as all these advantages can indicate. There are
no beer-shops at which they spend their substance ; no
haunts of vice and debauchery at which they concoct the
plans of the poacher, the smuggler, or the robber, to
make up by illicit gains the deficiencies of honest. indus-
try ; and, consequently, no need of prosecutions at the
sessions, with all the array of constables, police, magis-
tracy, and treadmills' to punish them and keep them in
order. Noiody talks, or even appears to think, e).
house-breakers, and dwellings at distances of miles apart
from neighbours are often left without the doors being
locked or bolted, in summer and in winter, all night long.
* On Mr. Delavan's own farm, there was scarcely a
labourer who had not money placed out at interest :
coachman, cook, and house-servants had several hundred
dollars each accumulating. in the -savings' bank ; and
s detothisfroni the surplus of their wages
every year. The gardener and' fo.rm-servants were in
the same prosperons condition, and had, moreover," small
pa(liodtsitio°fn of which they
were the owners."—Buchitiy-
ham's Americo.

The chances, amounting to absolute certainty,
of defeat at Westminster, have, it is reported, induce d
Sir J. Graham to abandon the idea of attempting a con-
test for the representation of that city. 'The Right Hon.
Baronet has therefore erased " Westminster" from
the heading
of his carefully prepared address to the
~,,worthy and independent electors ;" and i.; supposed
to be .now wet 1;
with no ordinary anxiety, the state
of things in Marylebone ; where, if the folly of the
Liberals will ,allow him, he thinks there is a prospect
of slipping in, by means of a schism which is as insane
in those who cause it us it i 4 injurious to the common
calm,. In this case, the Iveakest of the two Tory candi-
dates at present in the field is to retire ; and, by a des-
petato effort, the Marylebone Tories hope to carry the
two seats. We give this as the opinion of persons who
affect to,know something of Sir James Graham's move-
ments. The conjectures are, at least, probable, and
ought to warn the parties whose obstinacy thus encou-
rages the common enemy. to come to an immediate ar-
rangement, by which the undivided strength of the,
Liberal party would be brought into the field, and vic-
tory secured. At such a time as the present, the mnn
who refuses to forego personal considerations for the
public interests, is a traitor in disguise.—G"c•

FROM LAST NIGHT'S GA►ZETT.E.
WHITEHALL, JUNE 8, 1841.
The Lord Chancellor has appointed Edmund Slingsby Drury
Long, Gent., of Norwich, to be a Master Extraordinary in the
High Ceurt of Chancery.

DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY.
JAMES, WARD; .cabinet-maker, Shepherdess-walk, City
:cad.

BINKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED.

WILLIAM CALLUM, farmer. Pattitigham, Staffordshire.

BANK K UP PS.

JAM ES BROOK, victualler, Frith-street, Soho, to sur-
render June 23, at twelve, and July 27, at elrven, at the Court
of .11inkruptcy. Johniou, official a3,ignee, Ba•inghall-strret ;
Field, Finchlev.

JOHN 1114 N TYRE, oil cloth manufacturer, Manche,ter,
June 28, ant July 27, at eleven, at the Commissioners'-toom,,
Manchester. Appleby, Aldennanbury, London ; Grundy,
Bury, Lancashire. •
JAMES LEAKY, call*, e-tou,ek ec per, Quadrant, Regent-
stre't, June 22, at. twelve, and July 27, at eleven, at the Com t
of tiankrup!cv. Gi! son, official a tiAnee, Bisinghall-street. ;
Lewis, Arumlel-street, strand.

CH A lIL ES HO P K INS, miller, Stapleton, Clone( star-
shire, Joint 29 and July :2.7, at two, at the Commercial-rooms,
Bristoi. Junes and Biaxial-A, Crosby,tquare, London ; Peter),
Bristol. -

'J H N DAINES, joiner, Stafford, Jane 25 and July 27, at
twelve, at. the Star Inn, Stafford. Clovies and WeJlake,
King's•beneh-walk, Inner,-temple, London; Bell, Stafford,
ADAM THWAITES;-brey.er, Newcastle-up in-Tyne, July
8, at eleven, and July 27. at twe. at the Bank, upt Commission-
roem, Newcastle-epiin-Tyne.-. Bed, Broderick, and lied, Bow
Church-Nand, Cheapsidi., London , Seymour, Newcastle-upon-
Tyne ; Kenmir, Gateshead. •
JOHN Si UDEN, machine maker, Leeds, June 22, at
three, and. July 27, at nine, at the CominissionerA'-rooms,
Leeds. Dunuingand Stawman, Leeds; Smithson and Mitten,
Southampton-building., Chancery-lane, Louth n.
THOMAS PITT STOKES,. builder, Datiley, Worcester-
shirr, June 26 and July 27; at eleven, at' the Swan Hotel,
Wolverhampton; 13e,ig, Southampton-buileiugi, London;-
Hayward and Webb, Birmingham ; Felowes, Dudley.
THOMAS' DIXON,-gror, Leeds, June 22, at two, and.
July 27. at one, at the Gimmi,aioneri'- rooms, Leeds. Wigt.,s-
wo.;th, Ilnlsdad.-, and Craddock, Gray's Inn-square, London ;
W. T. Smith, L-ells.

CUTHBERT TAYLOR and THONI kS HA KEY,
ship-b.iblenh Moll; Wearmouil► shore, Durham, July 5 and
27, at elertn,' at the Thompson's Arms, Hotel, Sunderland.
Swain, Stevens, and Co., 6, Frederick's-place, (4.1..1ewry.
Lumiln) Wilson, or W-r!..,,hts, Sunderland. -

. , ..
JOSEPH BAliKE:lj-A tißf)rrand 11ENISM‘CHEANE.
wine merchants, LiverricA June;-3U and July 27, at one, a:
the Clarendon-rooms, -Liverpool. ' Lownles, linbin.son, and
Bate,on,'Lire.lo'd ;.. Taylor, Sl:arpe, Field, aid
or Ja;4l Bee.-
,_ ~-,.....
J A 11E i LUNN, ship-broker, I".fikoir-eastle; upon-Tyne, July
9, at eleven, and July 27, at two, at the Bankrupt Commission-
room, Neweastle-upon- 1 yne. Hewison, INeweastle•upon
Tlne ; Currie and Woodgate, New-square, Lin,:oln's lon,
Lou 'on.

SAMUEL RAYNER, engraver, li:rbv, June 28, at tiso,
and July 27, at e'even. at th,, Comt of Sankraptey. Graham,
lia•ioghall,-street. official assignee; Valiance, t. mexstreet,
Strand.

WILLIAM BURTON, upholsterer, • King-street, Soho,
June .22, at ono, and July 27, at. eleven, at tho,'Court of Bank-.
rnptcy. Whitmor.., official assignee, Ba•inghall-street ; Oliver.
Old Jewry._

AN TO.NIO•JOAQUIM FREIRt M All RFC°, merchant,
Neweastte-upon-Tyne, July 8, at one, and Jnly 27, at. eleven,
at the Bankrupt Commis,ion-room, NeNre:stle-upon. Tyne.
Watson and Wix, King's Arms-yard, Colcmau-str,'et, London ;
Brockett and Philipson, Newcastle-ueon-Tyne.
THOMAS LA %IPLUGH, grocer, Great. Driffield, York-
shire. July 5,. at the Beverley Arms, Beverley, an: July 27, at
the. Ci'coi%e Ina. Kingston-up, n-Hull, at et-ven.
Keightley, and Parkin,- Chancery-lane, London; Shepher.l and
Tone, Driffield; Tlvirney, Hull.
JOHN MO ARISII, liquor-merchant, Bristol, June 25 au l
July 27, at one. at the Comm Teial-rooms, lir,stol. Hicks and
Braikeuridge, Bartlettse-builttingi, Flo,born, London ; Uinta],
Bristol.

DIVIDENDS.
At the Court of Bankruptcy, BaAngliall-street.
C. Bertram, wine merchant Bury-street, St. James's, July
9, at twelve—J. P. and C. E. Hicks, clothiers, Eastington,
Gloucestershire, July 8, at one—T. Threadgold, corn dealer,
Brentwood, Essex, July half-last one—J. C. and T.
Lucas, lozenge manufactu-erg, Aldcrsgtte-street, July 7, at
twelve—l'. C. Blacke:t, lo•lging-hou,e keep +, Green street,
Gro6lm-tor-square, July 7, at hal-past eleven—C. Lacy,
butcher, Hackney, July 6, at half-past eleven—J. Field,
builthr, Bennett-street, Bt. James's Ju'y 8, at- eleven—F.
Langan, wine merchant, Berge-at-street, July 7, at ha'f-rast
twelve—R. Waring, grocer, Luton. Itetlfor&bire, July 7, at
e'even—J. Barber, piwnbroker. Walworth-road, July 6, at
ha f-past twelve— H Donaldson; army agent, Buckingham-
street, Strand, July 8, at one—C. Hall, uphilterer, Picca-
dilly, July 8, at twelve—J. Ward, banker, NVooltvich, July 6,
at t welve—A. Turnbull, lodging-house keener, Arundel-street,
Strand, July 6', at half past.eleven—W. Legh, coin dealer, New
Windsor, Berkshire, July 6, at eleven—J. Beddow and F.
Berryntqn, Scotch w4rehOuseritten, Little Love=lane, Wood-
street, Ch. apside, July 6, at eleven.