The Sun.
London, England, 1823-12-22 00:00:00

PARIS PAPERS.

VIENNA, DEC. 6.----Tho• Oriental ,S'poetator
has made* fotne .re►narks on the nature of the
war betwevn tl►e Turks and the reeks. This
war, in the light in Which it is coucldered,.holllx
Out t►a encouraging prospect 'to thP Turks, and
the issue of ills by no means to be foreseen. All
the European Journals, 'especially the French,
with their correspondents at Trieste, LeghOrn,
Corfu, and Zinte, halare considerably exaggerated
the resources of the insurgents. _

An officer of ,
n acknowledged. 'refit (who has
. .
been ear observer) affirms,'that during the
whole coure of hostilitiem, though much blood

has been shed9 he has not been witniss of a I
single action which deserved the name of a com-
bat. The war carried on by the Greeks is
merely a guerilla warfare, and as such very bur-
densome to the Porte. Why, then, disguise its
nature by such idle boasting, and take advantage
of the distance and the difficulty of receiving in-
formation, thus to deceive Europe, every mail, by
such ridiculous fables ?—(ilttstrian Observer.)
PARIS, DEC, 18.—According to the last, bul-
letin published by the Piethnoatess Gazette,
dated the Bth December, the illness. of King
Victor Emanuel, which had sewn some un...
favourable symptoms the preceding day, appear-
ed to be rather ameliorated. _ .

—His Majesty has conferred the Grand Cordon
of
the
Royal Order of St. Louis on his Highness
the Prince of Ilohenlobe.
[From L'Etoile.l
PArus, Drc: 'lB.—The King of Sardinia, Victor Emma-
nuel, is rapidly recovering. The bulletin of, the Bth instant
states, that the august patient enjoys regular sleep, and that be
has begun to take more substantial nourishment. His Majesty
now only complains of a slight pain in the left side. " "
The Augsbargli Gazette of the 12th instant announces, that
his Majesty the Emperor of Austria has nominated the Duke
d'Angouleme Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria
Theresa, and that the Baron de Vincent, Ambassador of that
Monarch, is charged to convey that decoration to his. Royal
Highness.

On the fish intunt, Milans set off for Montpelier, where he
will be a prisoner of war on parole. A gendarme accompanies
him. who is charged not to quit him a moment, until he ar-
rives at his p" lace of destination. •

The famous Italian Count, Linatti, who possesses great
wealth in Catalonia, 'also set off to-day' for the same town, un-
der the escort of a gendarme. It will be recollected that he
organized a revolutionary band of mountaineers in Spain, and
put himself at their head, and that, obliged to fly to avoid the
punishment he incurred, by paying wretches who had com-
mitted the greatest crimes, he, in the first place, took refuge
in the forts at Scu; and afterwards obtained from Cieneral the
Baron d'Pleurel (under the approbation of Marshal Moucey)
an asylum in France,

MAD um, DEC. 13.—The Intendant of the Army of Valencia
and Murcia, having written to the Minister of War, requiring
from his Excellency instructions respecting officers who oh.
tained retired pensions under the revolutionary Government,

the Minister (having taken his Majesty's orders) has just in•

formed the Intendant of the said army, that as the acts of that
Government are, and must be, considered null and void, the
officers of all canks who have obtained retired pensions since
the 9th of March, lei?.o, cannot henceforth enjoy them until
their claims to such pension shall have been recognized by the
Minister, and sanctioned by his. Majesty. In consequence the
Captains and Commandants-General of provinces are enjoined
promptly lo make this ministerial decision known to all officers
in retiretnent, and to inform them that a month is granted them
to whitest, their claims, which must he accompanied with valid
documents to the Minister of War, in order that this Minister
may submit to his Majesty proposals for the retired pension in
favour of those who have a right to it, according to the mili-
tary regulations now in force.
The inhabitants of the, town of Coria, in their enthusiasm.
have offered to the King their lives, their fortunes, and all
that they possess, if his Majesty thinks proper to avail him-
self of them, to ensure the repose of Spain and the stability.of
his throne.

( From the JoUrnal des Debuts.)
Ilr.kurt, DEC. 9.—The King has sent the following Ca.
binet Order to the President of the Police:—
" I have heard with great displeasure that 21 persons .perish.
ed in the crowd and confusion which took place on the 20th of
last month, on the temporary bridge established near the
arsenal. But I now learn, with no less indignation, that this
misfortune must be imputed solely to the turbulence and the
passions of the mass of the people, which showed themselves
on several occasions on that day. The temporary bridge was
intended for carriages alone, and that of the Valais was reserv.
ed for the people on foot ; but in place of respecting this ar.
rangement, they pushed the sentinels and the servants of the
police away with violence, who were placed at the beginning of
the bridge, and one of these was even thrown into the water,
over the parapet. After this experience, nothing is left but to
oppose force by force on such occasion, and to authorize the
different guards and the agents of police, to employ their, arms
against the violence of the crowd, whenever the order to retire
is not obeyed. The regulations of the police have no other
object on such occasions but to prevent misfortunes. When
they are not respected by the mass of the people, they compel
the guards and others to turn their arms against them ; and
they can only impute whatever injury they may in such cases
receive to themselves. I charge you to make this order known
to the public by means of the .Tournals, and to make your
conduct conform to it on any future similar occasions.
FREDERICK WILLIAM.

" Berlin, Dec. 3, 1023."
[From the Moniteur.l
POItT SAINT MAKI'S, Nov. 26.—The Spanish vessels of
war are preparing at Cadiz to proceed to South America. All
the berm of the Revolution left Cadiz for Gibraltar, where
they did net long remain. The famous Romero A Ipuente pre-
sented himself off that port, but he was not allowed to land.
Romer:111o, another hero of the revolution, is gone to the Cr' ie
nary Islands. Valdes, Bustros and several members of that
factious assembly, which at Seville deposed the King, have em-
barked under fictitious names for fiavannah. The ex-General
Zsiyas, who ordered the people of Madrid to be fired on, em-
barked for Cuba. Cadiz still possesses a dozen persons who
were very active under the constitutional system, and must be
closely watched. Among them is the poet Quintana, who was
connected with all the celebrated trogaliso.
( From the Journal des Debate.)
The journals must expect hostility from every statesmen of
mediocrity : they open a career to the freedom of thought, and
they encourage the idea of ministerial responsibility. It is
therefore natural that feebleness should dread them, and
bad faith caltimniate them. This aversion of inferior states-
men is balanced by the more equitable opinion of Minis-
tries, faun:led, as ,every Royalist Ministry ought to be, on
genius, tercet, and frankness. In the eyes of such a govern-
ment, the advantages and disadvantages of publicity and free
discussion are the natural cousequences of a representative, eon-
*taut ion. •
But what is unnatural, what is afflicting, is to find certain
Lain writers extending theirdociatnations against the liberty of
the prose beyond the sphere of politico---t 0 find journalitee even
affect to perceive, in an account faithfully reported of judicial
proceedings, imeginery dangers to the peace of society and to
public morals,
" The imaginations of people are familiarized with the most
atrodous crimes." But unless the publicity of proceedings be
abelished,:how is the printing of thent to tql prevented ? It he
therefore, that publicity with which our moralists are displeased :
the do not conceal the wish of re-establishing dose trials. We
shall not oppose to them the political argumeot of the necessity
of securing to the accused the liberty of defence-ea liberty which
is incompatible with secrecy. Our advarsuriee diedsin poeitice :
let us, then, reason with them according to moral views.
The greatest moral utility of the tribunals consists in pros
(hieing in the public mind art intimate and deep conviction of
the just distribueion of the penalties and, punishments by
which social power anticipates divine justice. If, instead of
knocking down an assassin (as savages do), we try him accord-
ing to the most deliberate and solemn forms, it to chiefly for
the purpose. of sewing and cultivating he the nation the noble

sentiments of justice And equity,,hatred of crimes, and respect
for the power entrusted wilts the defence of society against its
enemies. Take away the publicity of judicial proceedings,
and you paralize that public spirit which is the best safeguard
against revolutionary violence, and the most powerful counter-.
poise against popularpaseisonse you s judicial authority;
of that paternal majesty which is the surest guarantee of the
respect of the people.
The publicity of judicial pineeedings, through .the medium'
of the daily Joutnitle, has even an advantage over all the other
means of publicity. It admits—it even provokes the correction
of errors, which, in any other mode, would be propagated with
impunity.
,
A public school of the art of poisoning is held." On the
contrary, perversity is dismayed by demonstrating that crime
in vain envelopes itself in the 'obscurity of the most
fully combined. artifices. The piercing eye of justice still
reaches it, and the avenging arm seizes it, at the-moment when
its traces are abont to be effaced. Science, awakened by pub-
,lie alarm, is devoted to new investigations, to throw light on
what yet remains doubtful, with respect to the effects of poisons,
It will thus deprive the wicked of every hope of escape which
remained to them ; it will furnish to society all the means of
security or of vengance which can be discovered in the actual
state of knowledge.
We may remark, by the way, that poisonings, so common in
past times, at the finest periods of our history, never were less
frequent than in the present age. This is a consequence of the
progress of science, which renders the proof of the crime more
easy. It is true, discovery has been made of some new poisons
of an instantaneous activity ; but these are not of the kind which
criminals will employ ; they too rapidly betray the crime. The
only danger arises from those equivocal substances which, ac-
cording to their different application, may equally give life or
death. The Oovernment, informed recent proceedings, will
doubtless adopt all possible precautions to prevent the circula-
tion of these substances through any except safe hands.
Let us rettini to the great question which occupies us. Elo-
quent speeches are published in favour of the accused. This is
to induce the public to annul the decisions of juries and of courts
of justice."—This objection belongs to the discussion on the
publicity of proceedings:e If it be wished to produce conviction, it.
is necessary to adinit discuesion. If it be wished that public,
spirit should support and venerate the judicial authority, it
necessary that the public should possess every means of form-
ing a free and well-grounded opinion. To suppress the publi-
city of the speeches of the Counsel for the accused, would be
the most certain means of exciting public compassion for a
condemned man ; it would tend to inflame, to exasperate that
natural sentiment which lead the multitude to blame powei.--
It would, moreover, degrade the public magistracy, since it
would lead to the supposition that the talents employed in the
Prosecution are not capable of standing in the balance with those
employed in the defence.
Our Royal Courts are so folly persuaded of the utility of pub-
lic discussion, that in their high wisdom theytnever avail them-
pelves of the power granted to them by article 117 of the Code of
Civil Instruction, and by article 64 of the Charter, to make
their proceedings secret except in those cases in which the facts
to be examined are such as might give offence to modesty and
decorum.
The Charter has very precisely limited the vague and dan-
gerous expressions of the Code of Civil Instruction.
The Court of Caseation, in pronouncing on the difficulties
which have arisen relative to this question, solemnly proclaim-
ed the following principle :—.4" It is for the honour of the ma-
gistracy, as well as for the interest of justice, that the publicity
of proceedings has been established."
In England, a recent case has given rise to quite another kind
of objection against premature publicity given to details which
might injure the accused,
These details may have an influence on the freedom ofopi-
nion which should be secured to Juries."
There is something liberal in this observation, but the Eng-
lish journals have answered it completely. Any extraordi-
nary crime will always excite the most lively curiosity in a
civilized country ; a thousand reports will be circulated ; it
will give rise to as many conjectures; even private individuals
will make inquiries to ascertain the truth. .The attention of
the periodical press will 'necessarily be directed to a CirCIITO
stance which forme the subject of every conversation; they
will collect all the information they can respecting it. If the
prisoner be innocent, has he not relations, friends, and coun-
sel who will undertake his defence and disprove any false state-
ments ? Innocence will profit by this preliminary discussion.
The only offence of which the press could be guilty ,would be
to pnblich exa:nlnations which the examining .illngietrates de-
sired to be' kept secret; but if thews hlegistrate themselves al-
low portions of the examinations to get into circulation, upon
whom Must the blame rest then ? In this case, again, the publi.
cation carries its antidote with it;; the prisoner protesting
against such publications will always have a better chance of
being believed. i •
Thus we do not partake in the alarms, on the moral eiTcct
of daily publications with respect to criminal proceedings :
neither can we perceive in those alarms, an attempt to make
an indirect attack on it political institation ..iodimpenable to a
people who have acquired the habit of reasoning and ;judging
for themselves.