The Sun.
London, England, 1823-10-01 00:00:00

P ~ti.

0, 4

TIM LONDON JOURNALS.

DAILY

Rztrackfrom the Mornir Papers, October 1.

[BRITISif PRESS.
'24. Sebastian has fallen. It has followed the
fete of Pampeluna; and the two strongest for-
t.wsses on the soil of Spain are now, by purchase
,or open force, in the invader's bands. The gar-
rison of St. Sebastian capitulated, as appears
from the telegraphic dispatch, which follows,
on the 27th ult. The town and citadel Were
to be occupied by the Fieuch4 On the 3d
irritant. FallliirlP, is said to': Moire -been the
worst enemy of the garrison; which.aruounted to
2400 men, and who would not otherwise have
capitulated. A long bulletin from the Army of
the Pyrenees, commanded by Molitor, states
Riego's daring adventure with Ballasteros, and
the fnilnre and capture of the unfortunate chief.
Riego, however, let the ban-dogs of the Faith
bark as loudly as they may for his hlood,cannot
be considered in any other light than as a pri.
sorter of war. He aculd under the authority and
by the commission of Ferdinand ; and übtil the
Regency impeach his title, they canuot doom
3t tegoy es'a rebel, to the scaffold.

[ins: TIMES.] •
Telegraphic Dispatch, as will be seen, has
announced the fall of St. Sebastian to the in-
vading force. We have almost ceased to regret
these occurrences, except so far as they evince
tr-t:achery to their country on the part of the
Spanish Generals ; and the capitulation of St.
Sebastian being announced by the telegraph only,
we know nothing of the circumstances which have
led to that event. The Spanish troops are to be
marched out and conveyed to France as pri-
soners of war, and a French force to take their
place. Why then, we should say, the invaders
Thnst have need of so many snore men for the
ield, if a fresh portion of their strength is locked
up in a fortress. When the Bourbons entered
SPAN they disclaimed all idea of taking military
psnasession of the country ; yet now,, it appears,
that all that they do, and indeed all that they
can do, is to take military possession of it. And
,:v.hat will he the result Why, that they must'
,resign the military possession, and leave Ferdi-
nand to his fate. The object which they seek is
not to be obtained by arms, as they ought•to have
seen at the beginning. The Spaniards, instead
or opposing active exertions to the aggression of
their enemies, present nothing as a body, but a
certain dull, heavy vis inertia., which is really
more unconquerable than brisk hostilities ; for
passions, if they have not their way,
4.:hange ; but sluggish hate is inconvertible. We
Asisnose Spanish energy ran itself out of breath
dont* the Buonapartist invasion : it reposes at
preset., t ;
and patriotism, unable to choose s clear
and, determinate .courae,- yields with apparent
'apathy to events.

TIVIORNIVQ citnostcts.3
Lt would be singular if Ole general diffusion of
'knowledge were unfavourable to the principles
.of civil and religious liberty—if increased Wein-
er:co rendered. men more disposed to submit to
oroirrary power. That knowledge is much mere
generally diffused in this country at present than
it *4B twenty-or thirty years ago, will not be
Stieputed by'the most sceptical. The facts which
are every day presented to the public on this in-
teresting subject are cheering in the highest de-
gree to all who are possessed of the least eleva-
tion of thought. We find almost every where
Societies of Mechanics contributing large gums
tP the support of institutions for initiating them
branches of knowledge, which till lately
Were in every country confined to a few.—
lies the love of liberty then diminished,
while knowledge and civilization have in.
creased ? Have men with the feeling
vrittch knowledge gives shewn an increased dis.
position to place themselves in the power of
others ? So far from this, a more extensive ho.
&nage to the principles of civil and religious li-
berty never was paid than what is paid at this
moment. Even Ministers themselves have seen
the expediency of yielding something to public
opinion. In the course of the last Session seve-
ral liberal and advantageous measures were pro-
posed by them, and others were announced for
the coming Session. Reductions, strenuously
opposed formerly, were made, though not to the
wished-for or necessary extent. Liberal princi-
ples,on the subject of interlorence with the rights
of. independent nations, were advanced in both
cHouses of Parliament.

[MORNING IlklitA (AL]
In nor account yesterday of the election of the
Lord Mayor, we mentioned the manner in which
Ter. Galloway had been dismissed from the
hustings. We have often had occasion to notice
that at most meetings so one is suffered to speak
except on the side of the question the meetings are
cot:veiled for, which chews that the popular voice
is in reality of en arbitrary, and not of the free
ciairacter which has been attributed to it. Mr.

11410 way oertainly wandered from the subject
the under discussion, by alluding to the marble
monument of Mr. Pitt, still we think that lie
should have been allowed to explain his meaning
by completing his sentence. It is, however, in
our opinion, bad taste to allude, Avilen speaking
iopublic, to any statue that may be placed in
the view of the speaker—more especially in this
instance, and considering that at least one half of
Mr. Galloway's *editors were Tories—great ad-
►trP.rs of Mr. Pitt, and that many of them had to
do with theerection of the monument itself, it was
insutting to such gentlemen, anti the more partici'.
Lartj when they.had evinced, on this occasion, so
much liberality in agreeing for the time to drop the
sifirit of party by giving their votes to Alderman
Vialthman. There can be no doubt Mr. Gal-
Idol came prepared with a speech, and we wish
las auditors had heard it. Re is comparatively
s.►e..ly' in the oratorical arena, and we wish the
Otizens had indulged him hi a patient hearing ;
they' could afterwards have passed on to the bu.
aosa of die day ; but if the rule is to he laid
OWN that at public meetings a certain thing

only is to be heard, argument on any subject for
discussion will be totally out of the question.

[,n TIMES.I
The Courier continues to mystify its readers
with Bayonne news ! This is really trifling with
the Public. Has there been one single instance,
from the beginning of the campaign to the pre-
sent day, where these Bayonne accounts> have
not proved mere ..fabrications ? In this very
statement we are told that 44 there are in An-
daiusia Riego, and Ballasteros, who has as-
sumed offensive operations."—True, Riego is
ht Andalusia, but it is in an Andalusian pri-
son.—True, Ballasteros has resumed offen-
sive operations, but it is against the Revo-
lutionary party, and not in their favour. We
are really surprised that a re'pectable Paper
like The Courier should suffer itself to be so re-
peatedly deluded by the same flimsy mis-state-
Extents, coming from a source so utterly unworthy
of credit,' Let the Editor argue as he likes on
the probab4ity. Of success to one party or the
other, but let hint not cite.as facts the systematic
falsehoods of the Bayonne journalists, who never
by aCcidetit slide into veracity.—We confess too
We do not quite share in the affection which The
Courier manifests to that worthy Gentleman, 'Don
Rafael Riego. It is possible indeed/t=hat the
stories which his friends have told of him may
be disproved ; hut if it, be true, as was a few
days ago stated, in the Morning Chronicle,that he
caused fourteen Spaniards to he shot, at alaga,
simply because they were 'moneyed anon ; then
we say, that non Rafael Riego' is no prisoner of
war, but a murderer, and ought 'as such to be
hanged. We certainly agree that .the mere fact
of his having borne arms in the cause of the
Cortes ought to prejudice him no more than it
does other prisoners of war ;..but neither ought
it to afford any shelter to 'the crimes which he
may have perpetrated. However, he has to
answer to the laws of his country ; we wish him
a fair trial, and, in our own legal phrase, " a
good deliverance."

rMORNING POST.]
The apparently critical situation of Cadiz, and
the present aspect of affairs in Spain, have given
rise to unnecessary depression in the minds of
some of her warmest advocates. But the state
of things before Cadiz, be it remembered, comes
to us heighte►►ed by all the arts of French exag-
geration., That town defied the efforts of Buono-
parte for thirty-three months; the grandson of
Henri Quatre has not yet taken it ; and' if the
had, we should see no positive ground for des-
pair. Will the blood already spilled by the
hand of the invaders sink forgotten in the earth ?

It is against nature and experience to suppose it,
and deeply will they be deceived who rest their
hopes upon such a conviction. Spanish energy
has not yet shown itself. Defection and internal
division have hitherto hung upon the national
councils, and palsied the national arm. The mass
of the population, betrayed by their leaders, or
lulled into a treacherous inactivity by their
priesthood, are scarcely yet agreed upon
what point to direct their efforts, or fully
awake to the cause which calls them into
action. With time, which developes all
things, this fatal absurdity must subside, and
then it is that the constancy and tried integrity
of a Mina will meet their reward in proving the
redemption of the country. The day is not far
distant,as observes an eloquent writer, " when the
people will point to the ruined towns with which
their country is still studded, and say to each other,
whose work is this ? They will listen to the lameo.
tations of widows and orphans, and ask to whom
they are indebted for this?" We can have no
surer guide to the future than the history of the
Fast ; and referring .to the events of the last
rench invasion of the Peninsula, we find
ample ground for hope, even when Spanish in-
dependence shall appear at its last ebb. It
was not until the French army had obtained
quiet possession of Madrid, that the first
signal for insurrection was given by the inha-
bitants rising upon them in the streets. In
the same manner were the armies of Nay',

Bonnet, and &mit, admitted into Gallicia, acid
the population passively disarmed ; yet were
they afterwards driven nut with no other weapons
than what were wrested from their hands by the

oppressedenatives. In feats of this kind it is that
we may look to see the country scoured of the
ad venturers who are now permitted to pollute the
soil with their presence. Let those who have
any doubt of the never-dying energies of the
Spanish People, remember that they maintained

a war for seven centuries against their domes.
fleeted foe, the Moors! It is to this source, the
past history of his country, that we are to trace
that proud feeling of superiority which the Spa.
niard evinces om every other people. History
proclaims to him, and to the world, that he never
was conquered, and the task of reversing this ho-
nourable character remains with the modern
heroes of the House of Bourbon. We give them

ail the benefit their tutelary Saint may achieve
for them, and yet deny that their prowess
will accomplish the undertaking. Let the
French Duke get the Spanish Sovereign
into his clutches, we very much doubt but
he will find he has only caught a Tartar fro►n
whom he would gladly, get free at the first op.
portuuity. So long as the► indefatigable Mina
remains to wield the sword of his,country, there
will be a point truppui for the patriotic and
free. It is the characteristic of that cow!.
try.to appear sullen and dejected on the eve
of extraordinary exertion ; and it must not,
therefore, be deemed that the elements of
powerful resistance do not exist, because the na-
tion appears to sturnher in repose. Such a state
with them is hut the calm which foreruns the
storm, and the commencement of effective insur-
rection is no where more likely to occur than
over the ashes of Cadiz.

Among the visitors to view Covent-Garden
Theatre on Friday night, were two nephews of
General QUIROGA,

The Golden Cross, Charing-cross, and the ad-
joining buildings, are to come down, end a splen-
did building is to be erected on its site like the
Pantheon at Rome.