The Sun.
London, England, 1847-04-19 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING SUN APRIL 19, 1847.

ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSU-
-11 RANCE SOCIETY.
OFFICE, 26, CORN CD LI., LONDON.
Capital 500,0001.

Empowered by Act of Parliament.
The system of Dufermi Annuities. origlitelly proposed by tho Na-
tional "L,an Fund Life Assurance Society, for the loetter advance-
meat of the objects of Benefit and Friendly Societies, having reeeiveit
the approbation of a considerabli.- body f the active members and
officers of these Institutions, and the Directors of the National Loan
Fund So.-lety having' been urgently solicited by them to establish a
Branch Office in connexion with those societies and the Operatare
Classes generally, in which t::eir services might be successfuly en-
caged, a Committee has been sanctioned by the Directors to open
communication with the different $ .cietios, with the of to of more
effectually d.sseminatine the valuable benefits aimiugst the indus-
trious classes, and a pia lies been .Toposeil wah tlrc object.

•
ADDREsS 'SF TIIE commirmE.
Many praiseworthy but ineffectual :attempts have been made to
bring within the scope ant operation of the laws of mo, tallty and
money the savings of the industrious classes, as as various cal-
culations regulating their di 4trlbutioe, having for their tlaject either
immediate, contingent, or deferred heueflts.
A slight examination, however, will demonstrate that the con-
etruetion of these ass, ciations of :ocieties is defective; and that in-
stead affmsting an easy access and a free choice of investment,
which should be the privilegd of every one, they confine too oars
mly the channel throne!' which a benefit can alone he secured;
and, in proportion as their action is circumscribed and embarrassed,
their utility is Imited. For example, It is not to every individual
or to every class amongst the industrious community, that provision
in case of sickness is an object of such importance as to call for a
pecuniary sacrifice ; whi e to others- such a provision appears more
attractive, and the Imes of employment caused by sickness is a risk
against which they desire to be guarded. For this anomalous state
of things there is an effective and simple remedy ; that is to say,
instead of covering, by one weekly or annual payment, two or more
contingent or deterred benelts, so to arrange it that each separate
benefit should have its separate contribution.
. It is to not having observed this rule, and to the association of
two dissimilar funstions, and by confounding a sick allowance and
an annuity fund in one and the sell same payment, that much of the
evils and mismanagement has arisen amongst Benefit Societies.
No mechanises can be so perfect for the management of a sick -
ress-fund provision as that afforded by the constant sectional asso-
ciation and watchfulness of the several members composing it. By
this means a thorough and constant check is mutually exercised, and
none but the really sick are likely to become chargeable upon it.
But the same, perfection, or the same svurity, is seldom attainable
where a fund is to be accumulated through a succession of years,
and where results arc to bear opt calculations, money investment
being in general beyond the experience of the industriont classes.
For these reasons it is clear that the fiends destined for a provision in
sickness should be kept entlrelydistinct trout the fund intended as a ,
provision for old age :-- -
Ist. Bemuse the laws of sickness and mortality, though apparently
connected, do not depend on the same ealenlation:- •
2d. Because there Are a great number who, in order to secure a
larger provision in oldwe are willing to take the.risk of, providing
with voluntaryßecause
for probable sicknegss on themselves.
sponsibility. and mere ex
haessrocesipaotilois,l,l:l.ll.ty of managing a provision for age,
continued to a distant period is, in a great measure, incompatible.
ipn:rifvoirmduaelheeirreo-t
failure;posedflucttsuaating
such a contract, that when uudertakest on the same principles' that
ordinarily govern commercial bodie—
and
de
4th. Because the expenses of providing for sickness must, when
tteit esdtiilnt
morethe satmh
this
paymentprtwi w: har: it provisionwis ,foo old age, tend to dimi-
nish
good policy to en-
danger the one for the sake of the other.
Impressed with these conyietions, and with an intimate knowledge
of the discussions passing within the boson of many of the existing
Friendly and Benefit Societies, the parties whose names are here-
unto attached, have had several meetings. with it view of proposing
or adopting a remedy for those and other evils; and in this manner
to give an ad- tional force to the principles of brotherho,d, unity.
and mutual aid, on which friendly societies are based, by guarding
them from the risks of sudden dissolution.
After much diligent search amon mt the combinations ingeniously
proposed from time to time for the attainment of one of the principal
objects of Friendly and Benefit Societies, they have found none equal
in simplicity and comprehensiveness of design, as well as forethought
and sympathy tor the wants of the industrious classes, as the plan
proposed by the National Loll' and Life Assurance Society. It isainA
true that tke author of that plan has furnished an argument ag
provision in sickness; but, without concurring in the immediate ex-
pediency ce abandoning a provision in sickness, no one can read the
other part of the plan itself, without being fully sa4sfled that the
convenience and safety of Friendly and Ilenefit Societies will be
greatly secured and consulted, by separating the payment of a sick
allowance from an annuity for old age.
A deputation having waited on the directors of the National Loan
Fund, who met in the handsomest manner the overtures made to
them for the establishment of a separate ollice for the transaction of
business connected with Friendly and Benefit Societies, and the in-
dustrious classes in general, resolutions have been en,ered into, con-
stituting the undersigned as a Committee, with power to add to its
number, for the promulgation of the benefits contained in the an-
nexed twoapectus, under the guarantee of the Capital of the Society,
and which, without interfering with the numerous objects connected
with the institution of Benefit and Friewily Societies, will in their
opinion greatly enlarge their sphere of utility, and afford a protection
to the working classes in old age and adversity, which nothing up to
the present day has adequately secured to them.
Thomas Buttons, Y.C.R., Ancient Order of Foresters.
John Fussell, C. 11„ Ancient Order of Foresters.
John 11. Gordon, D.S., Ancient Order of Foresters.
James Hale, D.C.R., Ancient Order of Foresters.
Henry Hunt, F.G., Manchester Unity of Oell
Joseph Nugent, Pro. C.S.. Manchester Unity of Odd Fellows.
Joseph Reeks, 11.0. F. Order of Old Friends.
Samuel Timbrell, Ancient Order of Foresters.
DEFERRED ANNUL LIES.
Example.—A persot• aged 94 next birthday, by the annual pay-
ment of 11. Cs., or quarterly payment of 75., or monthly payments
of 2a. 2d., may secure, on attaining the age of 60, the option of re-
ceiving Annuity, 101. 19s. 9d. ; Cash down, 1071. 3s. ; or a Polley
en his Lite, 1371. 17a.
Example.—A person aged 26 next birthday, may secure, on at-
taining the age of GO, an Annuity of 10/., with the other options, by
the annual payment of It. 6s. 9.1.. or a single payment of 221.171 3d.;
or on paymen• of 61. 14s. ad. for disparity, he will be entitled to
the same benefits by an annual payment of 18s. I Id., the same as
Or age
Example.—A person aged 30 next birthday, by the annual pay-
ment of 11. Gs., or quarterly payment of 75., or monthly payment
of 2s. 2d., may secure on attaining the age of 65, the option of re-
ceiving Annuity. 181. Os. 441.; cash down, 1481. 12s. ; or. a policy on
his life 1751. I la.
Exam! le.— A person aged 35 next birthday, by the annual
ment of if. 6a.. or quarterly payment of 75., or monthly payment
of 2s. 91, may secure, on attaining tke age of 65 the option of re-
ceiving Annuity, 181. Os. 4d. ; cash down, 1481. 125.; or a policy on
his life, 1751. lis.

LIFE ASSITE kNCE.
Example.--A permit' at the age of 30 next birthday May secure
the sum et lOW. payable at his death, !whenever it maylappen, and
also participate in the Annual Division a Profits, by the annual pay-
ment of 2!. 3s. 3d.

Example.—A person at the age of 25 next birthday, by the pay-
ment of 46. per month, or Is. per week, may. svcure the sum of
1121 ss. payabse at nis death, whenever it may happen, and like-
wise share In the annual profits of the Society.

F. FERGUSOS C MROLTX, Secretary

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORN HILL. LONDON,
Capital £M) ,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured
hai, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for-
feiture of the Policy, two-1 birds of the premiums paid (see Table);
also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in-
terests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
Assurances for terms of years are granted at the lowest possible
rates.

DIVISTOI OF PROFITS.
The remarkalolo success and increasing prosperity of the Society
has enabled the Directors, at the last annual investiga. ion, to odeclare
a fourth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent. on the premiums paid
en each Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXA.

eZ: 0 Premium.

£ s. d.
60 iow 3 4

;;'. Bonus Bonus in
!", Wed.. Cash.

-:ac;
15g

A.ss :lie .1

may
3it /sorrow

1837'.£217 15 I.XIOO 0 11.£16 0 4i.£445 0 0
1838 192 3 0 87 I 4: 13 10 2'. 395 11 1
1839 165 11 10 74 1 9! 11 3 1i 34 2 3
1640 116 7 6 54 010 716 10! 296 13 4
1641 11l A 8. 49 10 0! 710 41 247 4 5

the olvistoo or profits is annual, and the next will I.e inade. in
cern 'et ot the preieut year.
F. FEUGLISON CAM ROUX. Secretary.

IMPERIAL LIFE INSURA.NCE COMPANY,
CORNIIILL, LONDON.
-/-

DULECTOES.
HENRT JAMES PitESCOTT, Esq., Chairman.
GEORGE FIELD, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
James C. C. Bell. Esq. Daniel Mildred, Esq.
Michael Bland. Esq. James G. Murdoch, Esq.
Charles Francis Cobb, Esq. John Horsley Palmer, Esq.
♦ndrew Colvile, Esq. Henry Pearce, Esq.
George Henry Cutler, Esq. George Reid, Esq.
George. Ilibbert, Esq. William It. Robinson, Esq.
Thos. Newman Hunt, Esq. Newman Smith, Esq.
FOUR-FIFTIIS, or 80 per Cent., of the PROFITS will be as-
signed to policies every filth year, and may be applied to increase the
sum insured, to an immediate payment in cash, or to the reduction
and ultimate extinction of future premiums, as shown in the follow-
ing example:—
PROFITS to POLICIES of 25 YEARS STANDING, entitled to
participate la the Bonus declared in 1846.

Age • Cash paid on Or Prem. And an-
at Sum Annual Bonus surrender reduced nual re-.
Entry. Insured. Premium. added. of Bonus. l to. tura
X £s. d. s. d. aE s. d. 'X s. d.iX s. d.
15 1,.00 19 510 451 5 0 174 12 3 86 91 ••••••
20 1000 21 15 10 451 8 0 193 12 2 815 0 ..••••
30 1000 26 14 2 051 8 0 236 18 7 7 I+l
40 1000' 33 19 1451 5 0 284.0 6 49 6
50 1000 '45 6 8 /151 5.0 :,3.5 911 •• •• 419 4
60 1000 63 13 4 451 5 0 384 12 5 • '36 10 6
_ . .

Insurances without participation to profits e
rates.
Prospectuses, and an explanatory gtatement of .other advantages
now given by this Company, may be had at the Ch of Oflices as
above; at the Branch Office, 16, Pall-mall; or of the Agents.
SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.

rectee at reduced

PORT OF LONDON SHIPOWNER'S' LOAN
AND ASSURANCE COMPANY. •
Offices, 20, ST. HELEN'S.PLACE, LONDON.
The Deed of Settlement of this Company havina been approved by
the Registrar, and the number of ShareS prescribed by the Act having
been subscribed for; the Directors will proceed upon the Ist of May
next, ensuing, to Issue Sea Policies under their Common Seal.
For the effectual protection of both shareholders and the assured,
the constitution of this Company is based on the- principle of limit-
ing the amount entertained in and upo i Individual vessels, or their
cargoes, in rateable proportion to the capital subscribed, and remain-
ing clear in hand according to a graduated scale, constructed with the
greatest care, thereby securing a wide and equalised distribution of '
outstanding risks, to the entire exclusion of gambling profits, and
ruinous losses, from both sides of the account.
Under special clauses inserted in the Deed, no single Insurance:
for the space of twelve months, from the date of issuing the first
Policy, will exceed 5001. For the space of three years from the same
date the limit has been fixed at 1,0001.; and for the space of seven
years at 1,5001., - a method of proceeding obviously calculated to
ensure a steady and remunerative business, and avoid the disastrous.
results incidental to an opposite system.
A list of the Board of Directors, of the officers of the Company,
and of the Agents appointed for the outports, will be given in the
Prospectuses, which will be published after the complete registration
of the Company has been legally effected.

IMPORTANT AND UNPRECEDENTED
SALE AT HOLMES', REGENT-STREET.
Messrs. HOLMES have taken several thoullnd, pounds' worth
of SHAWLS (at an immense sacrifice), n liquidation of a debt due
to their firm by an eminent French manufscturer, the whole having
been expressly produced for the present season. The patterns aro of
a most elaborate and recherche description ; .und in consecp.ence of
the immense quantity, they are compelled to sell them at a sa-
crifice unprecedented.
This vast additional amount of stock have induced Messrs. Holmes
to re-mark (at a gre•►t discount from the original cost) the whole of
their extensive and valuable assertmmt of MANTILLAS and FURS.
with their unrivalled collection. of INDIA, BRITISH, and FRENCH
SHAWL:►, to lie included in this Side, and to facilitate which,
every article is marked in Plain Figures.
The Sale commenced on the 13th instant.
FOREIGN and BRITISH SHAWL EMPORIUM. 171, 173, and
175, REGENT-STREET.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
LECTURES in illustration of ANIMAL MECHANISM, by
T. Rymer Jones, I'sq., F. Its., Professor of Comparative Anatomy at
King's College, daily at Half-past Three. A LECTURE oil CHE-
MISTRY in its application to the USEFUL ARTS, by Charles F.
Darlington, Esq., on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday Evenings, at
Nine o'clock. LECTURES on ARMSTRO G'S. HYDRO-ELEC-
TRIC MACHINE, hY Or. Bachbofflier. The WORKING MODELS
and MACHINERY clearly explained. The varied Optical Effects
include a New Series of DIsSOLVING CLEWS, the OXY-
HYDROGEN MICROSCOPE. kc. EXPERIMENTS with the
DIY 1 InviNGamaretim,

ROYAL ORTHOP2EDIC HOSPITAL, for the
CURE of CLUB-FOOT,- LATERAL CURVATURE of the
SPINE, and all other CONTRACTIONS and DEFORMITIES, No.
6 A, Bloomsbury-square.
Supported by Voluntary Contributloo.
PATRONISE.
• Her Majesty the QUEEN.
PATRON.
ills Royal Highness Prince ALBERT, K.G., &c.
PRESIDENT.
Ills Royal Ilighness the Duke of CAMBRIDGE, K.G., &c.

The Committee of Management have the pleasure to state that
the Right D.m. the LORD MAYOR, Vice-President, supported by
the Shrills and the following Noblemen stud Gentlemen, has kindly
consented to preside at the ensuing ANNIVERSARY FESTIVAL,
which will be celebrated at the London Tavern, Il.shopsg te-street,
on WEDNESDAY, the Sth of May next, to commemorate the aus-
p'cious event of her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen hang been
pleased to honour the Chatty with her Royal Patronage, and In aid

Of the funds, when the atiendan
the Hospital is pat ticularly reques
STEW
'I he Right Hon. Lord DUDLEY
The night Hon. the Earl Fitz-
william. V.P.
Ihe Right Hon. Lord Robert
Grosvenor, M.P.
The Right Rev the Lord Bishop
of Ripon, V.l'.
George Edward Anson, Esq., V.P.
The Hon. H. T. Liddell M.P.
Sir .William Fending, Bart., M.P,
Sir 11,.G.De 11. Larpent, Bart.,V.P.
John 31asterman, Esq., M.P.
John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.
John Martin, Esq., M.P.
George 31offaEfq.,
It. B. Cabbell, Esq., M.P., V.P.
Mr. Sheriff and Alderman Challis
Mr. Sheriff Kennard
Mr. Alderman Johnson
Win. Tooke, Esq., F 11.5., V.P.
Phillip Hanbury, Esq., V.P.
Luke James Hansard, Esq. ,
Thomas Saunders, Esq., F.R.S.
Samuel Holbert Ellis, Esq., V.P.
Charles Lashmar, Esq.. M.D.
Rev. W. Valentine, M.A.
Joseph Somes Esq.
The contributions of the beneyolent are earrietry solicited in be-
half of this useful charity. Upwards of 5,000 cripples, admitted to
it since It was opened InAB4O, many of them-deplorably afflicted,
Itave been cured. Thenpplkations.now average 40 per week, and
the funds are greatly in need o(p.ss,istance. . .
An annual snbscriptlon of 11_ le, constitt4O4 an Annual Governor,
a single subscription of pr. 55. Cariititutea G
Governor for ten years,
g single subscription' of WI. 'I Os. constitutes a -Life Govern •r, each
entitled to recommend (mein-patient and two out-patients annually
for every such subscription.
Subscriptions and donations of any amount will be thankfully re-
ceived by the filo, ing bankers:-.Messrs. Martin and Co., 68, Lom-
card-street, Bankers to the Hospital; Barnard, Dimsdale, And Co.,
50, Cornhill; Barnett, Hoare; Bradshaw, and Co., 62, Lombard-
street ; Coutts.and Co., Strand ; Curries and Co., 29, Cornhill ; Gos-
lings and Sharpe. 10, Fleet-street; Hanburys, Taylor and Lloyd,
60, Lombard-street; Messrs. liankey and Co., 7; Fenchurch-street
sir J, W. Lubbock, Bart.. and Co., Mansion House-street Messrs.
masterman, Peters, Mildred, Masterman, and Co., 35, Nicholas-lane,
Lombard-street ; Ransoms and Co.' 4, Pall-mall East ; Robarts,
Curtis, and Co., 16, Lombard-street; Willis, ercival, and Co., 76,
Lombard-street ; and by the Secretary, at ie Hospital.
By order of the Committee of Management.
H. GILLRTT GRIDLe.Y, Hon. See.
E. 3tASKELL, Secretary.

e of the Governors and Friends of
ited.
ARDS.
COUTTS STUART, Chairman.
W Conorne Towers, Esq.
Mr. Deputy Evans
Robert Montgomi--ry Martin, Esq.
James Harmer, Esq.
William Mitcalfe. . sq.
John Flower Jackson, Esq.
John Gurney Fry, Esq.
Joseph Fry, jun. Esq.
Charles Joyce Esq.
. H. F Richardson, Esq.
W. B.James, Esq.
James Field, Esq.
Quarles Harris, Esq., V.P.
Tnomas Hayward, Esq.
John Carter, Esq.,Cornhill
John Carter, Esq., South Molton-
street
John Leslie, Esq.
W. It. Harris, Esq.
Robert Dever, Esq.
Alexander Robertson. Esq.
Tho Mas Pollock, Esq.
R; W. Tamplin. Esq,
E. F. Lonedale, Esq,
E. J. Chance, Esq.
11. Gillett Gridley, E:

;sq. Hon. Sec.

EAST INDIAN RAILWAY COMPANY.
The HOLDERS of SCRIP RECEIPTS, numbered from 1 to
80,000, are requested to transmit the same for Registration, to the
Secretary, at the OM'.es of the Company, No, 8, Broad-street-
buildings, City, according to the subjoined form.
Parties sending Scrip by Post are advised to write across the face
of the Receipt " Sent for registration," and their names and
addresses.
An acknowledgment will be given for the Scrip, which will be
exchanged for Share Certificates, under the Company's Seal, after
full registration.

D. I. ROAD, Secretary.
East Indian Railway Company. April 12. 1847.
Form to accompany Scrip Receipts, which may be obtained at the
Offices of the Company :

TO THE SECRLTARY.OF THE EAST INDIAN RAILWAY

COMPANY.

hereby transmit Scrip Receipts of Shares in the East In-
dian Railway Company, numbered as below, and I hereby request
you to register me as the Proprietor, under the provisions of the
Deed of Settlement, of Shares in the East Indian Railway
Company.

Christian and Surname in ........
Occupation .. •
Date...... ....... ....... ...... ••• • • •
Fives I Total Number
or of Shares
I Tens. represented.

Nos. of Scrip Receipts.

Fromm --- to
From --- to

From - to

- -
N.B. The registered Share Certificates will be issued in the order
in which the Peed is executed, and the priority regulated by the date
of executi, ,n.
So soon as tke arrangements will admit, a notice will be issued,
calling on Holders of New Scrip to present the same for regis-
tration.
Copies of the Report may be obtained on application at the Offices
of the :.!ompany, No. ti; ItrOad-street-buildings ; Messrs. Carden and
Whitehead; Royal Etchange•buildings ; and Messrs. Lawrence,
Cazenove and Pearce, Bartholomew-lane.

FAST INDIANRAILWAY COMPANY.
Notice Is hereby given that the DEED of SETTLEMENT
of the EAST INDIAN RAILWAY COMPANY lies for signature at
the Offices of the Company, and the Proprietors are e,rnestly re-
vested to attend with their Scrip on an early day in the present
week as the Deed has to be sent to several places in the country.
D. 1. NO .0, Secretary.

Exat Indian Railway Company,
8, Broad-street-buildings, April 12, 1547.

•
1-.-41 ASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.
YORK EXTENSION SHARES.
Tne TIIIRD CALL of li. per Share upon the A Qnarters of these
Shares will be due on MONDAY, the 19th instant. Interest, at the
rate of 5 per cent. per annum, will be charged to all persons in arrear.
By order.
C. r[RONEY, Secretary.

. .
Bishopsgate Station, April 8, 1847.

PLATE SUITED for PRESENTATION.—
Committees or private individuals requiring splendid or
simple articles of PLATE for presentation, may, by addressing a
paid letter, have drawings sent for their approval. A number of
large articles, as Epergnes, Cups, Waiters, &c., are always in
stock, second-hand ; a List of them, with price, can be furnished.—
T. COX SAVORY and Co., Silversmiths, &c., 47, Cornhill (sever
doots frorn ~:.racechurch-street; London.

ON NERVOUS DEBILITY AND GENERATIVE DISEASES.
JUST rußtAsiiED, TILE THIRTIETH THOUSAND,
An Improved Edition, revised'ind corrected, 120 pages, price 25., in
a sealed envelope, or forwarded. post-paid, to any address, secure
from observation, for 2s. 6d. in postage stamps, illustrated
with numerous Anatomical Coloured
Engravings, 1
The Ames of Lite Premaltiure Decline;o 0 II :
with Plain Direc-
tions for its Perfect Restoration. -
A Medical Essay on those diseases of the generative organs,
emanating from solitary and sedentary habits. indiscriminate ex-
cesses, the effe is of climate,. and infection, &c., addressed to the
sufferer in youth, manhood, and old age ; with practical remarks on
marriage, the treatment and cure of nervous and mental
debility, impotency, syphilis, and other urino-genital diseases.
by which even the most shattered constitution may be restored, and
reach the full period of life allotted to man. The whole illustrated
with numerous Anatomical Engravings on steel, in colour, explain-
ing.the various functions, secretions, and structures of the reproduc-
tive organs is health and disease; A ith instructions for private cor-
respondence, case.% Sze.
By J. L. CURTIS and 0., Consulting Surgeons, 7, Frith-street,
Soho-square, London.
ILIVIEW 01 THE WORE.
CuaTts on MANHOOD. (Strange). Having for many years been
the standard work on these diseases, its originality is apparent, and
its perusal breathes consolation and hope to the mind of the patient."
—Naval and Military Gazette.
PubliNhed by the Authors, and may be had at their residence ; sold
also by Strange, 21, raternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street;
Mann, 39, Cornhill, London ; Solder, 4, !,t. Ann's-square, Man-
chester;lentlb, u
rlg4h6;,
Are land e-street,
as tiehltie,l
sealed
•Ssioinowtphe; RCb
yoa tsiati s-os
booksellers.GLrehe. enrsrl4d eo -1 s;t
r eCeat I,"Ep db
ll
Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their reel-
knee, No. 7, FRITII-STREET, 'o'lo-SQUARE, LONDON, and
Patients can have this work privately forwarded them, by initial or
otherwise, to any .part of the United Kingdom, direct from the
Author's Residence, or from any of the above agents, en remitting
2s. 6d. in postage stamps.

ON THE CONCEALED CAUSE THAT PREYS ON THE
HEALTH AND SHORTENS TrlE' DURATION OF HUMAN
LIFE.

ILLUSTRATED WITH COLOURED xstozAviNcs,
Just Published, in a Sealed Envelope, price 2s. Gd., or free
by post, 3s. Gd.
CONTROUL OF THE PASSIONS : s Popular
Inquiry into the Concealed Cause of its premature Decline,
with Instructions for its Ccmplete Restoration. Addressed to those
suffering Irons the destructive consequences of excessive indulgence,
terminating in Mental and Nervous Debility, LOcal or Constitutional
Weakness, Indigestion, and Consumption. Including a comprehen-
sive Dissertation on MARRIAGE. Incontinence, and Celibacy.
Illustrated with Coloured Engravings, explanatory of the various
Cases. .Br.c. .

C.
By C. J. LUCAS and Co.. Consuitinir Surgeons, No. 60, Newman-
street, Oiford-street. London.
dby, Inordinate
Member Of the LondortCollege of Medicine, &c. &c,
the illustrated withn
indulgence Chap, . —op° di I y
aagncidlit.EeNilo;niu7tOi inducedl
Chop. 2.—Baneful 'tomtits of a Secret Vice on otgour;iii kligrdaYl:l3B.,
evidenced in the production of Consumption, Epilepsy,' aali'idio'thc
convulsive diseases, Insanity. Idiocy, moping Melanchoy, Indiges-
tion,e Stricture, impotence; and Sterility, with Observations on the
'Duties of Married Life,lnd on the unhappiness caused by Unfruitful
Unions: Chap. 3.—Debility aod.•exhauslino of the principal Titai
Functions, the nature and treatment Of Impotence and Sterility, and
the Imperfect perfortnifice of the Marital act, 'Caused by the practice
of self-Indulgence. Chap: 4.—Gonorrhoea, its symptoms, complica-
tions and treatment, .Gleet, Stricture, and disease of the Prostate.
Chap. B.—;lphilis, and its attendant maladies and treatment. Cases,
and concluding observations, Plates, Sec..
Sold by Brittain, 11, paternoster-row; Gordm, 146, Lestdenhall-
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A POPULAR TREATISE on the HEALTH, LIFE and VIG01114.•

-7oiti;73Ol)IriiUNCTIoNS.
NINETEENTH EDITION price 25. 6d..1 Free by Post On a Seale

Envelope) 3s. M.,
THE SILENT FRIEND. A Medical Work
on the loss &the reproductive powers, with means of restora-
tion. The baneflil effects of Indulgence, neglected Strictures, Se.
condary Symptoms, are.. are fully pointed out. Illustrated by En-
gravings; followed by observations on Marriage. By It. and L.
PERRY and Co., Consulting Surgeons, London.
Pabliahed by the Authors, and may be had at their residence.
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Part I. of this Work is particularly addressed to those who are
prevented from forming a Matrimonial Alliance, through fear of cer-
tain disqualifications, and will bef ound an available hitrodectiou to
the means of perfect and secret restoration to manhood.
Part 11. treats perspicuously upon those forms of diseases, elite/
in their primary or secondary state, arising from infection, showing
how numbers who neglect to obtain competent medical aid, entail
upon themselves years of misery and suffering.
The CORDIAL ?ULM OF STRIACUM is exclusively directed_ti
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The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE. An anti.
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les tai tiouti co- %Am ou fame MON.

WILSON'S SCOTTISH ENTER-
. TAIMENTS
At the MUSIC-HALL, STORNE•STREET, BEDFORD-SQUAIIE.
THIS EVENING, at Eight o'clock.
Mr. WILSON will give his Entertainment, entitled,
AN HOUR Wl' BURNS,
In which he will sing a selection of the favourite Songs of the
Poet, and recite the humourous poem of "TAN 0' SIIANTER."
The Second Part of the PrograMMe will consist of a Miscellaneous
Selection of the SONGS of SCOTLAND.

Pianoforte—Mr. AND.
Gray Mary—My
AN HOUR Wl' BURNS.
PART, T.—Happy Friendship-0 whistle and I'll come to ye, my
Lad—John Anderson my jw—Duncan
Spouse Nancy—A Man's a Man for a' that.—At the end of the First
Part, Mr. Wilson will recite Burns's humourous poem of Taut o'
Shauter. —Highlaud

MISCELLANEOUS SONGS.
Pharr IL—Whall buy Caller Herring —Como under
my Plaidle—
The First Blast of the Trumpet—h'e're a' noddin.--The Led of
Tullochgorum.
During the season: Mr. Wilson will give his Entertainments in the
Music .hall every Monday Evening, at Eight o'clock.
Tickets, 2s. ; IteserVel Seats, 2s. lid. ; Private Bores for Six Per-
sons, 155. ; for Eight, U. .

AAIATEUR DRAMATIC PERFORMANCE,
TUESDAY, APaIL 27.
ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
For the Benefit of the
DISTRE:=SED IRISH AND SCOTCH.
The Tickets for this Performance are now ready for delivery at
Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old Bond street, this day, Monday,
April 19, to-morrow, Tuesday, April 2i, and Wednesday, April 21,
wtere ap;)lication and payment are requested to' be made.

I 7 Capital,
Nll)ltRTIIE SANCTION OF FOREIG-N POWERS.
THE GENERAL CONTINENTAL TRAN-
SI COMPANY, including the different ther'and Routes to
per share.
India.
300,0001., is 30,000 Shares of 101. each. Deposit Is.

(Provisionally Registered.)
Detailed prospectuses, with Forms of Application for Shares, may be
had at the offices of;.Y. Bell, Esq., solicitor to the Company, a, Craven -
street, Strand ; at the Company's hotels, Hotel ale Provence, Leicester-
square, and Bridge-house Hotel, London-bridge; and at the Com-
pany's offices, New City Chambers, 121, Bisbopsgaie.street Within.
B. it. GREEN, Secretary.

THE MEANS OF NATIONAL EDU-

My Lord Russell,—Of
AtThelOr
Nes.ults, moral, scientifical,
TO LORD JOHN RUSSELL.
and useful, which must necessarily emanate from insti-
tutions of an educational character, we need only appeal
to the experience of the past to discover some of the
good fruits which have arisen ; of the greater amount
of good which they have produced we can form no esti-
mate. To accelerate- the progress of society in its best
phases is indeed a work worthy of the highest ambition
(if the wise and the good ; posterity will do justice to
those exertions in a manner suited to the appreciation
which they will then have of their value. I cannot,
hoe ever, consent that the advantages so manifestly de-
sirable should be obtainable upon terms of injustice
to
the country at large, when it is clearly discoverable that
by a proper insight into the resources provided by the
bequests of charitable individuals, an immense sum
remains unappropriated to the purposes fur which, by
benevolent donors, it was originally intended. I
place myself thus prominently before your Lordship
from the knowledge I have of din facts, however re-
markable may be the sources of information to which I
have access, that if the information contained
in the report of the Select Committee upon the
subject, made thirty years since, were allowed to
become public there is a sum of one million of pounds
sterling per annum, to which we have a national claim
for the purposes of national education, and which only
wants to be well looked after to be got hold of, and
which the serious consequences of an untimely inter-
ference with certain vested interests is perhaps the prin-
cipal reason for concealment.
Perhaps the First Minister of the Crown will conde
scend to inform the country why the evidence which
would comprise the contents of fifty volumes was not
allowed to be printed.
You are not a young statesman, ray Lord ; but my
Lord B—m, who is an old stager, and is indebted to
his present elevation partly in consequence of_ his sub-
serviency to the selfish principles of the Whigs, eau in-
Orin the world (if he chooses) of all the particulars of
this infamous transaction, which stamps the authors of
it with a character of the most scandalous political dis-
honesty, and is a virtual robbery of one million per
annum for thirty years of the people of these realms.
Now that the pretended necessity has been put forward
by the Whigs for the appropriation of the money out of
the public purse, it is, I conceive, the opportunity which
gives us a right to demand the restitution of these stolen
properties.
If the industry of man, in its past state of physical and
scientific development, hath given to the world so large
an earnest of its capabilities to promote the highest hap-
siness of the species, by the surpris'ng surplus of means
which it has placed at the disposal of the rich for the
general interests of humanity, how consistent
with the strictest justice is the circumstance, that
the reflux of this high tide of wealth and pros-
perity should return to fertilise and rejoice,
by a thousand tributary streams, the fountains
of universal knowledge, peace, love, and happiness.
Without perhaps intending so palpable a demonstration
of the political power of the middle classes, the
League thus became the pioneers of the expression
of .popular opinion, and the unconscious promoters
of the democratic principle. That the progress of poli-
tical freedom should have been so remarkably accelerated
by the opulent portion of the community, is only one of
those strange anomalies that have so often been found preg-
nant with the most important consequences, thus carry-
ing on the process of restitution on a liberal and ex-
tended scale. The British nation is the only one, in the
great political drama, that can confidently appeal to history
in support of those claims to the best uses of freedom,
which by other European powers have been so desecrated.
She hath in herself eminently and essentially the ele-
ments of true nobility and moral greatness. But as the
highest qualities are of the slowest growth, so has
there never vet been given to the people of this
great country, a Government in every respect honest
enough to forward her highest interests, and fully to
develope its magnificent resources. She has been, is,
and will continue to be, the harbinger of peace to the
world, in the equal distribution of the balance of power
—why should she not be happy in herself ? And what
may not be anticipated of the improved destinies of man-
kind, when, at perfect harmony within herself, her ener •
gies are directed externally to the conservation of all
that is worth living for in the constitution of society,
and internally to the establishment of those high and
holy principles which must one day make truth their ,
only empire, and universal fappiness their sole aim.
My Lord, a truly high and noble destiny is mapped
out for you, the history of nations affords but ignoble
comparisons with the power which you can sway, for
good or evil, in this remarkable era of the world's his-
tory; may you live to accomplish all that is desirable in
the difficult task which Providence has designed for ou,
and, treading with the security of a nation's friendship in
the path only of dignity and true honour, realise our best
and happiest aspirations.
Your Lordship's obedient servant,
DURIIAM.

MARYLEBONE VESTRY.
HEALTH OF TOWN 9 BILL.
• On Saturday the Rev. Dr. Spry took the chair, and
the gent ral parochial business having been disposel of,
Mr_ GAnnETT, at the head of a numerous depu-
tation, entered the vestry-room with an address from
the parochial committee, which, after complimenting
the vestry upon their opposition to the Health of Towns'
Bill, called upon them to persevere in that opposition, as
the bill contemplated the subversion of local sell govern-
ment, and the introduction of the baneful principles of
centralisation. The addressed recommended a deputa-
tion to government, a conference of the Metropolitan
parochial Bards, and interviews with the Members of
Parliament in order to secure the defeat of the most ob-
jectionable and unjustifiable measure that had ever been
proposed.
Mr. G. DANIEL moved the adoption of the
address, and having statistically proved that those
portions of the parish under the government of the
vestry were better regulated in a sanatory point of view,
and at a cheaper rate, than those under the control of the
Woods and Forests, denounced the exemption of the
City from the effects of the Bill as a cowardly act, and
denounced the Bill itself as the substitution of nomina-
tion, patronage, and plural voting, for the representa-
tive and elective principles.—(Hear, hear.)
, Sir PETER LAURIE seconded the motion, and said that
the Government would make the Bill a medium for ob-
taining appointments and pensions for their relatives
and friends.—(Hear, bear.)
Mr. WlLsoti analysed and severely criticised the Bill.
Mr. LAURIE, the City Pleader, recommended the
vestry not to let the erroneous opinion of their being
opposed to the objects of th e measure go abroad, for
they only found fault with its machinery.
Sir B. HALL, Bart., M.P., promised to give the Bill
his most determined opposition, and although not
authorised to say so, he might, with confidence, state
that the Bill would not be persevered in during the
present session.—(Hear, hoar.) And he was fully satis-
fied that in its present shape it never would pass into
law.—(Hear, hear) He assured the vestry that since
the introduction of the measure so numerous were the
applications to him for his interest to obtain situations
under it, that he had to employ a person to open and
read his letters.—(A laugh.)
Sir CHARLES NAPIER, M.P., also promised to join his
honourable colleague in opposing the Bill. He was con-
vinced that the City of London was exempted from its
provisions lest offence might be given to the electors, and
Lord John Russell should thereby be turned out of the
representation.—(Hear, hear.)
Several other gentlemen having expressed their dis-
approval of the Bill, the motion was carried.
The meeting adjourned' at a late hourzst,n

-BRITISH MUSEUM—NEW HALL
-This splendid addition to the national establishment,
it is stated. will be opened for the first time to the public
to-day. The facade is now nearly completed; the inte.
rior, however, is entirely finished, and embellished in
the Etruscan order. The colouring throughout is rich;
chaste, and in perfect keeping with the ancient examples ,
of that order handed down to us from antiquity. The
hall is spacious, nearly square; on the right hand as the
visitors enter is the commodious room in which is placed
the Granville Library, which was bequeathed to the
country a short time ago. On the left is another spa-
cious room, containing a psrtion of the celebrated
Townley Collection; this part of the new edifice is in
future to be distinguished as the Townley Gallery, and
when entirely finished will form the means of com-
munication with the whole building. The hall is lofty,
with a pannelled roof, in the centre of which is a large
gold star on a blue ground, which has a remarkably
pleasing appearance. On the right of the entrance door
is Roubilliac's well known and exquisite statue of
Shaltspere ; on the left of the entrance is another statue
by Chantrey; both are placed on white marble pedestals.
The floor of the hall is laid out in very large squares of
Portland stone, with small grey marble diamonds. At
the back of the hall is a magnificent flight of steps,
with a ballustrade of polished atone, so highly worked
up that it resembles porcelain. The ballustrade rests on
a wall of red granite; at the lower termination of the
ballustrade on either side is a white alabaster Etruscan vase.
At the top of the flight is a landing-place the width of the
hall, to the right and left of which are corresponding
staircases leading to two natural history rooms, which
open into the old mineral gallery. The entrance to these
is by three doors finely painted after the Etruscan. The
lout ensemble, as viewed from below, is imposing. The
room in which the Lycian marbles are to be deposited is
built, and the specimens are now being placed in their
positions. This part of the building, however will not
be properly arranged for a year or two, as it is calcu-
lated it will occupy as long a period in putting the frag-
ments of the sculpture together—a delicate process, re-
quiring the utmost taste, care, and skill. In connexion
with ancient art, it is not generally known that in
the museum have been placed some marbles brought
over by Sir Charles Fellowes from a temple dedicated to
Harpagus, general of Cyrus, 546 years before Christ—
the earliest of examples of Greek art in our possession,
showing that the same principle of building and working
the marble was used then as now.

The O'Conor Dnn and Mr. French, M.P., had an in-
terview with Sir George Cire7 on SeAnrday, at the
14110440'

FOREIGN WOOL, LEEDS, APRIL 16.--We have no va-
riation to report in the foreign wool trade from our last.
The accounts from Austria and Prussia continue to ad-
vise of large contracts bring made for English and con-
tinental houses, at an advance of 2d. to 3d. per lb. on last
fair's prices. The Netherland manufacturers, and French
and Saxon cambers have almost entirely cleared the
German markets of useful wools. _ _

ENGLISR WOOL, LEEDS, APRIL 16.—The demand for
,:ornbing and clothing wool this week has not varied; it
continues languid, and prices without any material al-
teration. Down combing wools are not plentiful, and
go off more freely than the deeper grown kinds.
WAKEFIELD WOOL MARKET, APRIL 15.—We are still
without alteration in our trade; no doubt the late strin-
gent measures of the Bank of England have caused us
to have less doing than otherwise we might have had.
Wethers are flat, and the stocks of them at market be
ing large, prices are barely maintained. In hogs, though
we have not a large demand, it is quite equal to the
supply, and stocks are decreasing. so that it our supply
does not increase, which is not likely before clip, the
price of them must improve a little, or the consumption
be driven on wethers; the latter is more likely, as we
believe the spinners aro carrying on an unremunerative
business.

LEEDS.—We have had very quiet markets at the
Cloth Halls on Saturday and Tuesday. There was
rather more done in fine goods, but in low qualities there
was considerably less sold than for some weeks past.
The advance of the rate of discount by the Bank of Eng-
land has the effect of stopping speculation, and induces
great caution on the part of the merchants. The cold
ness of the season causes the spring trade to be dull, arid
few buyers having made their appearance in the town,
the business in the warehouses has been less than an
average as compared with the sales of the last few weeks.
BRADFORD, APRIL 15.—The demand for wool is slug-
gish. The spinners buy with great Caution and for pre-
sent use, as they expect that, when the new clip comes
into the market, the article -will be at an easier price.
There is a steady improvement in the yarn market, so
far as demand is concerned, but prices are still on an un-
profitable scale. The Russian houses are busy, and are
exporting large quantities of yarns. In the piece market
there was an average business done in dress goods.
Moreens and other heavy goods are dull of sale. -
MANCHESTER, THURSDAY.—We have had as gloomy
a week in our cloth and yarn markets as can well be
conceived. In the face of a continued advance on the
Maple, no higher rates are submitted to. The impossi •
bility of discounting India bills added greatly to the dull
ness, otherwise a large business would be done to the
East. The orders from America are considerable.

IMPROVEMENT in LOCOMOTION.
An invention has just been projected by Mr. E. Gallo-
way, which promises to supply a most serious deside-
ratum in the present construction of locomotive engines,
and to exercise a very important influence on the pro-
gress or locomotion generally. It has long been ac-
knowledged that one of the greatest difficulties with
which the railway steam-engine had to contend was that
of acquiring a bite upon the rails superior to that
supplied by gravitation. The amount of nipping or
biting power derived from that principle by the vertical
driving-% heel now in use has been found quite insuffi-
cient in foggy weather, when the rails are in a greasy
state from the moisture upon them, and upon inclines
with severe gradients. Under such circumstances the
driving-wheel slips and the engine makes little or no
progress. Mr. Galloway's invention is principally in-
tended to overcome this difficulty in working the present
locomotive engine, and from the experiments made the
other day, first with a working model at the western
gallery of Hungerford-market, and afterwards on the
Great Western Railway, at Maidenhead, there appears
to be very little doubt as to its.complete success. The
invention consists in adding two driving-wheels, hori-
zontal or inclined, to the present locomotive; these
wheels acting on each side of a middle rail laid between
the ordinary rails, and being pressed simultaneously
against the opposite sides of the rail by means of ad-
justing screws acting upon springs with any required
degree of force. By such an arrangement it is manifest
that a bite or adhesion may be obtained far beyond
what is due to the weight of the engine, and that
ther,by the difficulties may be obviated which at pre-
sent arise from greasy rails and heavy gradients. Mr.
Galloway contemplates the application of his invention
to engines as at present constructed with vertical
driving-wheels, and expresses his conviction that such a
combination will not he found inconsistent with high
velocity. In the meantime, however, he has, we think,
prudently confined himself to demonstrating the effi-
ciency of the horizontal driving-wheels, unaided by
vertical driving-wheels, in overcoming weep inclines.
At llungerford-market, the working model with liori-
aoutal driving-wheels went with great ease up an in-
cline of 1 in G, and the following statement. drawn tip
by Mr. Gooch, locomotive superintendent of the Great
Western Railway, with reference to experiments made
on a previous diy, apply t gutsily to the.results of those
made at Maidenhead:—

" The following is the result of the experiment I made
with Mr. Galloway's locomotive ergine, in which the
driving• wheels are placed horizontally, and act against
the sides of a centre rail:—

Weight of engines
DiLtu of load

33i
" This weight was taken at a slow speed up an in-
cline of 1 in 19, with a pressure on the boiler of 601 b.
on the inch, and calculating the power of the engine
and actual duty performed, we have as follows : With
steam at 601 h. in the boiler, the average eth.ctive pres-
sure in the pistons, after deducting back prssure, will
be about 501 b. on the inch, then the area of the two
cylinders 3081,,4, 50----15,4001b5., and double stroke of
piston equal 32 inches, and circumference of driving-
wheel 116 inches. Therefore, as 116 inches : 15,400: :
32 : 4,248 tractive power on the rim of the wheel. And
gravity per ton 1 in 19=1181b. Friction ditto 71b.
125 ;,-..133.5 tons=-4,1871b. Resistance overcome.
" Therefore, 4,248--4,187 =611b., the total loss from
the friction of the working parts of the engine, which I
think is as small a loss as can be hoped for in any class
of engines. And from the facility of applying screws
to increase the weight on the driving-wheels to any re-
quired amount, there is no difficulty from slipping.
" DANIEL GOOCH.

"In explanation of the preceding, it is necessary to state
that the former diameter of the driving-wheels of the
experimental engine was eight feet, and the horizontal
ones are three feet. The tractive power of the engine
before alteration was about 1,6001 b. The increase of
tractive force, therefore, is as 4,1871 b. : 1,6001 b."

It is also only fair to explain that the experiment was
made with " Bacchus," the oldet engine in the com-
pany's possession, and long ago worn out and disused.
The leadidg advantages claimed by Mr. Galloway for
his invention are, that the adhesive power being inde-
pendent of gravity can be adjusted according to the gra-
dient or load, while the train is in motion ; that by ap-
plying a brake at once to the middle rail, the train in
descending any gradient may be retarded independently
of the wheels, and also the risk of collisions be avoided ;

that sharp curves may be traversed almost as easily and
quite as safely as straight lines ; that punctuality on
railways will thereby be better secured, and the neces-
sity for tunnelling, heavy cuttings, and embankments to
a great degree obviated.
Whether all or any of these advantages will be se-
cured by Mr. Galloway's invention, it must remain for
a course of detailed practical experiments to decide;
but in the meantime the credit of a very ingenious, a
very simple, and, to all appearances, a very practicable
contrivance, cannot be denied to him. The difficulties
which he claims to have overcome have for many years
occupied the attention and eluded the ingenuity of en-
gineers. Some time ago the notion of a centre rail and
a horizontal driving-wheel was projected by Mr. Vig-
nolles and Mr. Errixon, but as they only proposed ap-
plying it on the one side of the rail, they were unsuc-
cessful. Mechanical contrivances of a similar character
have since been attempted both' in this country and
abroad, but they have always turned out to be failures,
and if Mr. Galloway's invention can be combined with
the present construction of the locomotive, so as to fulfil
his expectations in regard to it, the only wonder will be
how for upwards of 16 years so really simple an expe-
dient for obviating admitted difficulties could have es-

caped undiscovered. Mr. Galloway states, that he can
secure on the narrow gauge, horizontal or inclined,
driving wheels of six feet diameter, and on the broad
gauge eight feet, so as to act in conjunction with the ver-
tide driving-wheels. He states, too, that this is practi-
cable at a very moderate expense.

--- ---- -- -----
ARRIVAL OF- MADLLE• JEIIINT LIND.--This cele- I 1
brated songstress arrived in London on Saturday afternoon, I
accompanied by Mr. Lumley. She came by the General
Steam Navigation Company's steam-ship Sir Edward Banks,
that left Ostend in the morning. In the evening she was
present at the performance of the opera at her Majesty's
Theatre, and occupied a box on the first tier. The Swedish
nightingale is a lady of kindly countenance, fair hair, and
fresh complexion ; her eyes are soft and mild, and the ex-
pression of her face is intelligent and ingenuous. The Italians
have a phrase, "oho scio/to, to indicate the combination of in-
tellect and truthfulness which is manifested in her features;
and the Germans generally. term it
.1 reundlich. Neither
words hsve a literal meaning in English, as applied to human
expression ; but ability and candour are their synonyms in
our tongue. Jennysceallnei
seven or
re
reiesigdliottefda.nt haeitilmve
erindastdyll)ee3c,
aspect
alie:isgir)thl,efta,l_,gwi
pleasing
l;
,s andapp
appearances
rsaonmc ee s
afhoserrfmairnoalst prominent character seems to bemudesve,etirfy.fe.pcotslilteaisdlsi3eedr;
deportment she has the air and bearing of
that is to say, sha is calm, quiet, and perfectlya
in manner and address, with that "most excellent thing in
woman"—a voice soft,
low, and sweet. It is believed that
she will make her delnit in about a fortnight.
SUDDEN DEATH OF MAJOR, A. 1114ARTuuR.—On
Saturday afternoon information was received at the Coroner's
office of the sudden decease of Major A. M'Arthur, on the
Madras establishment of the East India Company's service,
' which took place on Friday night, at his residence in the
Albany, Piccadilly. The deceased, on the previous evening,
appeared in his usual health, but not coming down at half-
past eleven on Saturday, his housekeeper went to call him,
and found him lying on the floor of his bed-chamber lifeless.
Dr. Pettigrew, of Saville-row, was sent for, and on his
arrival he found that the deceased had evidently been un-
dressing when he expired ; the bed had not been slept on,
and it WU hill opiniou that life had been atiuot many hours.