The Sun.
London, England, 1840-09-16 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION.

nqnsense. Labour is given for corn, and labour is
dear and corn is cheap when the former exchanges
I°' a large quantity of the latter. On the contrary,
torn is dear and labour is cheap when a small
quantity of the former will buy a large
quantity of the latter. In our country at present,
with the Corn-laws, labour is very cheap and
e,orn very dear, fur the labourer must give a whole
day's labour, whether he be an agriculturist or a
manufacturer, to have a bare subsistence.
Another statement is, " that whatever tends to
theaPen corn in the English market, and at the
Came time to diminish the amount of the English
labourer's employment in comiection with the soil of
tits native country, acts injuriously on the English
labourer's
condition." The substitution of the
awing plough for the wheel plough, which substi-
,ltuted two horses and one man for four horses and
'7O men, to do the same work, must, on this princi-
ple' have been injurious to the labourer, and ought
not to have been tolerated. Every similar improve-
ment must lie under the same ban, and the argu-
ment of the Herald, followed out to its conclusion,
°lt'd carry back the people to grub up the ground
With their nails.
The gist of all agricultural improvements, the ob-
Jeet for which our agricultural societies are formed,
° obtain more food from the soil by less
hbour. The progress of society is in the same
eecti°ll ; and whereas in former times three-
fourths, or four-fifths, or even the whole of
n'e society was employed in providing food,
Connected
not one-half of the society is in any way
with agriculture. It is remarked by
A :t.r nult YOUNG, that in those countries where
th
bulk of the population are engaged in agricul-
ture' as in the wine districts of France, they are
i: arjahhipoorer than where they are partly engaged
Other arts. A similar remark is, we believe, quite
true
of England, the peasantry being the worst off
those counties, such as Kent, Sussex, Berks,
bucks, Wilts, etc., where there is little other la-
resides agriculture ; and perhaps they are
Worse off in the hop districts, where the whole cul-
ti,tltion nearly is carried on by the hand—notwith-
thawding some peculiar advantages possessed by
°%C_districts as to the distribution of property—

that,
'in the corn districts. In fact, as society ad-
.4nces) and knowledge enables men to produce
b°re and more food by less and less la-
c7' Where the spare labour of the agri-
lural districts is not absorbed by ma-
nufactures, the population is continually
Starred down to the amount necessary to cultivate
the
la". This is the explanation of the extreme
41;aetchedness of the population of Hungary, Poland,
Iparts of Russia. There are no manufactures
4 4
those countries to take off the surplus hands, they
cannot,e, emigrate ; labour, or man, there becomes ex-
elY cheap, and corn excessively dear to him
(th
tu °ugh it may be cheap to buy with our manufac-
ear" Which are desired by the landowners), for he
"°t) by any amount of toil or skill, get more
than a small quantity of the coarsest kind. To
St
progress of manufactures, as the Herald
sires, is to stop the means of employing the sur-
plus hands which are perpetually found in mere
agricultural
countries, partly in consequence of the
Progress of skill and knowledge, and is to expose
the
iv, agricultural labourers to the certainty of having
their numbers kept down to the dsmand for labour
by
continual starvation.
Whether that would be the case were the land
111:/t all monopolized, as it is in Poland, Hungary,
4114 Britain, we will not assert, but we have to deal
with the case of a complete monopoly of the soil
''ery foot of land here has an owner. The Corn-
laws, therefore, do not, as the Herald supposes,
4ellre to the labourers of England a monopoly of
the great trade of growing food for the rich con-
-"le" Of food ; but they secure a monopoly of the
aUi
,to the owners of the monopolised land.
These laws
the iabou_ 'cure the monopoly for them, against
r.ers en
labourer, the land, as well as against the
In manufactures, and make all labourers
giverie more labour than they otherwise would to the
I° Owners of
the land, to have the necessary sup-
ies °f rued. That monopoly, to use the He-
- uwn terms, raises the price of food to all the
consumers of food, and raises the price of the land,
°n
which alone the necessary supply of food can
b
reiterated assertions
If we arc constrained to suppose, by
assertions, that the Herald wishes well
t
o the labourers, we are also constrained to con-
elude' by the paragraph we have quoted, that the
water in that Journal has subtilised and refined
v l:
all sense has disappeared from his writings.

The Morning Post admits—
pThat the political arrangements comprised in the
bittY are not such as France wwoulddeefemwa itr worth
risk We
4r:id!? prevent at the expense
and
plated in this treaty so
enable and so obviously necessary to the balance of
urc'wer in
111130 Europe,
that France could not venture to
the common sense of mankind by making war
order to hinder their accomplishment."
It also states
The policy of the Treaty of the 15th of Jul is
by the
of approbton, and undoubtedly I,t is approve d
" e Conservative party in this country.
France has expressed her concurrence in the
object of the treaty, that of preserving the in-
•e,,r;
6:tYa the 'Turkish empire, and
therefore,
according
to the Post, ought to approve of
tt,h;e,treaty• But as that journal must find fault
t,-'4" the Ministers, even though it side against
.'n:/gland, it declares " that the mode of carrying
effect the policy recognised in the Treaty of
tilY Isth has been and is the real provocation to
war." " All the fault lies in the mismanagement of
the
i'.°reign Minister," who nevertheless concluded
theNi treaty of which the Post so much approves.
at proof does the Post give of this " misma-
t:d
:getrlent," and that our intemperate mode of carry.
1-g the treaty into effect has provoked, not war
blut the stormy language of the Paris journals 1
‘Ve see none whatever ; for that language, and the
warlike
preparations of the French Government,
hthe unfounded notion that France
h,tl been insulted, and stirring up the warlike ener-
g'esa her people, were all prior to the intelligence
I:le7lling France of the conduct of Commodore
API ER) even supposing that it justified
---which it did not—the intemperate lan-
°age of the Paris Press, and the more reprehen-
sible proceedings of the French Government. The
Post is so blinded by its partizanship that it be-
comes indirectly the apologist of the cliarlataneric
of M• rHIERS and of the cunning of Lotus
PItI-
LIppE, in order a inflict a blow on Lord PALNIER-
S:l°. It forgets all its Tory prejudices, and
fac-
tiously sides with the noisy and foolish quacks 0]
War's against the sound sense of England.
The Herald being quite at a loss to defend its
Previous articles, quotes at great length the com-
nreats of the Courrier Francais and Constitution-
le/ on its own unfounded statement, that a secret
ar.tiele of the Treaty of July 15th excluded the
ips °E all nations from the Bosphorus and the
Dardanelles. It knoy.s, however, at present, that
itsti statement was unfounded, for it has published
the Treaty, and, with that knowledge, to publish
a
ouwnhdele,(l the observations of the two French
SJournals,lvell f
they all rest on a false assump-
tt ,
iicaldiefriit be derived
notiro dishonestmitsowti .columns, is at least jesui-

Madrid papers, to the Bth instant, have been re-
ceived, together with news of some importance,
from Barcelona and Valencia. The accounts from
BaretiOha are also to the Bth, being one day pre.