The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-13 00:00:00

PORTUGAL.

The Braganza (steamer) arrived at Falmouth on Saturday
morning, with the following dates :—From Gibraltar, July 1 ;
Cadiz, 2; Lisbon, 5; Oporto, 6 ; and Vigo, 7.
Liseos, JULY s.—The Cortes have, during the past week.
been occupied with subjects of reeve domestic interest, such as
the law of Forays, or quit rents, and the provision to be made
for the parochial clergy. It is expected that the projects of the
commission, or more properly the modifications made in them
by the Government, will meet with much opposition in the
Senate. •
By the copy of the project which I sent by the last mail, you
will have perceived that, amongst other things, the commis-
sion proposes an augmentation of the import duties on several
sorts of foreign manufactures. The details with which I have
been furnished only regard woollen and cotton goods. To
begin with the former:—
Carpets and rugs, which paid 360 reis per lb., are to pay 400
reis per lb., an increase of!! per cent. Blankets, horse-cloths,
and saddle-bags, to be raised from 240 reis to 280 reis per lb.,
an increase of 17 per cent. Druggets, damask, woollen web,
broad-cloth, rateen, ladies'-cloth, and saiinetts, to be raised
from 360 reis to 480 reis per lb., being an increase of 33 and
one-third per cent. Baize, coarse and glossy, and seraphims,
from 240 reis to 280 reis per lb., an increase of 17 per cent.
Baize, fine without gloss, of more colours than one, from 140
reis to 170 reis per lb., an increase of 211 per cent. Shawl-
and handkerchiefs of kerseymere, printed, from 400 reis to 600
reis per lb., an increase of 50 per cent.
" As several sorts of goods pay the same rate per pound,
it follows that those whose cost is highest pay the lowest rate
per cent. on their value ; but it so happens that the articles of
the greatest consumption are those of the least value, and most
of these, it is said, will be effectually excluded, should the ex-
tra duties be laid en. Superfine broad cloth will continue to
pay at a comparatively moderate rate, but the advantage, in
this respect, will be for from compensating, in any degree, for
the injury done, as regards other articles, its consumption being
very limited in this market.
"It is not knewn what augmentation of duties is proposed
upon the cotton, and the information I have received on this
head relates principally to the alterations principally made in
the customs tariff, and to come into operation on the 20th of
next month. The effect of this augmentation will be to
shut out most completely several of the articles chiefly, if
not solely, imported for contraband transmission into Spain,
and eventually to exclude many others imported for the
same purpose, as the Spanish smugglers, being accustomed to
look for a certain assortment of goods, will look for it else-
where if they can no longer get it here. The total cessation
of that very profitable trade into Spain, may, therefore, be
shortly expected as a necessary consequence of the foolish
treasures of the Portuguese Government. The principal
articles for the Spanish market are cotton shawls and hand-
kerchiefs, and it is therefore upon these that the heaviest duties
are to be laid, with the view of giving a lift to the Portuguese
printing establishments, which it is absurdly imagined will
thereby he enabled to import the goods raw and gain the in-
termediate profit of printing them. The absurdity of the at-
tempt consists in this, that it is persevered in after having been
tried without success, the Spaniards having always shown the
greatest possible distaste for the Portuguese pattern?. The
distinction made in the duties on goods, in which there is
scarcely any difference in quality or value shows at once the
object aimed at. Thus, printed cottons pay a comparatively
moderate duty ; but if, although of the same fineness and
value, they should be marked for division into handkerchiefs,
the rate amounts to a prohibition. By this means, the impor-
tation from Scotland, which consists principally in shawls
and handkerchiefs, will soon be nearly at an end. The
abolition of the differential duties, established in 1837,
for the encouragement of the national shipping interest,
which the commission proposes, though favourable to
British navigation, will operate injuriously upon the im-
portation of British goods, as the importer will cease to re-
ceive the bonus of 15 per cent. upon the amount of duties
with whieh he has hitherto been favoured in respect to goods
brought in Portuguese bottoms. Nevertheless, we may re-
gard the abolition as a benefit, since it will tend to give the
carrying trade again to British vessels. The commission,
likewise, propose an extra duty upon butter, of ten reis per
pound, which is very likely to put a total stop to the trade
from Ireland ; which, indeed, has been already brought to so
low an ebb by the competition from Hamburgh and Holland
that, whereas the average importations formerly was 50,000
firkins a year, only 1,400 firkins have been imported during
the last six months, of which 600 firkins came by the Portu-
guese schooner VoiLler, and 800 by the Echo. Both these
cargoes arrived on the same day, to what was considered an
excellent market; but, unfortunately, two other vessels came
in from Hamburgh nevt morniug, and of course down went the
prices at once from 290 to 260 reis, so that the speculation
must have proved.sn unprofitable, if not a losing one. From
the ruinous effects-Of this competition we were formerly se-
cured by the treaty of lslo, according to the provisions of
which our goods only paid half the duties charged upon those
of any other country.
" The Government has given great umbrage to the army,
by depriving several officers of their commands, and placing
them upon the retired list, without assigning any reason for so
doing. The object of this is evidently to substitute them by
others on whose political adherence they can more confidently
rely. Colonel Mesquite Pimentel has demanded a court-mar-
tial, and it is expected the example he has set will be followed
by others. Count Bomfin, who so recently left Lisbon for his
estate in the province of Alemtejo, with the avowed purpose of
retiring altogether from public life, has again made his appear-
ance in town. As he was a great favourite with the army, this
sudden alteration in his resolutions is said to be regarded with
some degree of uneasiness by the Government.
" On the 30th ult., a quantity of exchequer bills and notes
of the old paper currency, amounting together to 194 contos, I
or 44,0001. were cancelled and destroyed at the treasury.
" M. Passos Memel, well known as the leader of the de-
mocratic party in the last Cortes, and sometime minister of
finance, has been elected to the scat left vacant in the Senate
by the death of Baron Ribeira de Sabrosa.
" The following documents appear in the official part of the
Government journals."
I(From the Diario de Goberno, July 3.)
" ' It appearing that Portuguese vessels frequent the ports of
Africa, that not being the destination mentioned in their pas,-
ports, and experience showing that such deviations from the
course they naturally ought to pursue have for their object the
illicit treffic of slaves, the Queen commands, by the Secre-
tary of State for Marine Affairs, that the authorities of Western
and Eastern Africa, with the adjacent islands, at all times that
any captain or master of a national vessel enters a port of their
respective jurisdictions, which port be not mentioned in the
passport of the ship, that they oblige the said captain or matter
to give.a bond of security for his proceeding directly to his des-
tination, being respons'ble for any deviation that may be corn-
I nutted; and that bond of security shall not be raised without
presenting a certificate of ;ts fulfilment. The which is com-
municated to the Governor-General of the province of Angola
to execute, and cause to be executed by the authorities to him
subordinate, despatching the necessary orders.
_____

“','JOSE FEECREIRA PESTANA.

" ' June 22, Palace of Cintra.'

" Similar orders have been sent to the Governors-General
of Cape Verd, Mozambique, and the Governor of the islands of
St. Thomas and Principe."

DISTURBANCES AT TOULOUSE.

Toe LOUSE, JULY J,—Precautionary measures were taken
last evening, by M. Mahul, our new Prefect, to avoid the po-
pular manifestation. which he knew awaited him on his instal-
lation. But, notwithstanding the immense display of military
force collected on the Place de St. Etienne, the greatest part
of the population had congregated on the spot at an early hour,
and soon after commenced singing the Marseillaise hymn, and
crying " Down with Mahul ! Down with Humann !"
Whilst the charirari was thus proceeding; without any in-
terruption, a large body of artillery soldiers, with their swords
drawn, galloped from the Rue Beulbonne to the Place de St.
Etienne, and took up a position in front of the Prefecture.
After some manoeuvres, commanded by M. Gase, who ad-
vanced at the head of the cavalry, M. Arzac, who was in the
centre of the square, near the fountain, mounted on a stone
and endeavoured to harangue the multitude ; his voice, how-
ever, was drowned by the noise,a tl all we could hear of his
patriotic harangue was, " Gentletre, you know me; you
know me, gentlemen ;" after which he descended from the
stone, and disappeared in the crowd. Whilst M. Arzac was
striving to speak to the public, M. Gase, summoned, in the
name o the law, a few citizens quietly assembled near the
coffee-house to disperse, but was saluted with a volley of harsh
expressions, which we refrain from repeating.
In the mean time the exasperation of the authorities had
reached its height. Charges of cavalry were executed without
any notice in the Rues Boulbonne and Riguepe. Most of the
spectators then withdrew, and only a few individuals remained
at the angles of the streets, where detachments of infantry
intercepted the passage.
The conduct of the police and troops, and the sight of the
gendarmerie, who rushed out of the. Court of the Prefecture
as if from an ambuscade, charging the population with vio-
lence, throwing down every body before them, and taking one
of the spectators by the feet and dragging him in that position
until he was rescued from their hands, roused the indignation
of the people to the highest pitch. Bands of individuals then
traversed the city, breaking the lamps in the very presence of
the authorities and of the armed force, and drawing across the
streets the ropes and chains of the lamps to check the advance
of the cavalry.
At half-past 12 o'clock at night the Place St.. Etienne re-
mained in the possession of the troops, and M. Mahul was
lulled to sleep by the sweet murmurs of the marks of sym-
pathy which had been lavished on him with so extraor:tinary
an unanimity.
_ In the mean time 500 persons, forming a detached corps, the
ii,ooo or 4,000 executans .of the charirari, proceeded to the
house of M. Ploug oulin the Attorney-General, in the Avenue
Lafa.yett*, crying" Down with the renegades ;" and throwing
tsbtoennesaii.rnet
etd'n,eowindows of his apartment. Four persons were
cs
utinueeroyf whom
. was apprehended by M. Plougoulm
hiropseil,f;
of
Yest erda
. a great portion of the garrison had been consigned,
barrels of ball carti'''er- .
Monnaie. --Emancipation' kept in 'reserve at the Jacobins, and
td,,r,es were forwarded to the Place de la

DISTREs
MANCHESSTIIRG_ ACCIDENT AT
a,
In:ostth shocking accident occurred at
On Friday morning
by the
factory,
of part of Messrs. Gil..
FOUR LIVES LOST.
the top of Bradford-road
more and Kelly's factory.
WorY. which is one of the
largest in the town, is situate on
yards from
tide of Bradford-
- rits from the street ; and
road, at the distance of about fifty
the erection of a
building nearly up
thewin
wing,
e x proprietorsten,l
iextending
ghad o
from
recentlymaine enlarged ahleyd
of ,thbey
sideh with the mill
and
stories less
to Bradford-road, and connected on. that
tihne boder and
chimney. The wing, which is five stories hga
' than the main building was nearly finished,
some of the machinery had been placed
painters and plasterers were employed in some of itil;e
lower
The
rooms, and a number of women were at work in tl
story just before the accident occurred. About ten ten
minutes before twelve yesterday morning the whole
of
this building suddenly fell to the ground, leaving only
f
a small portion of the end wall standing, next to Brad-
ford-road, and which was connected with the large
chimney of the mill. The occurrence is described as having
bren sudden in the extreme. It was preceded only by a loud
crack, which being heard by the women e ho were employed in
the upper story, they had just time to effect their escape before
the building was converted into a heap of ruins. The unfor-
tun ite workmen who were employed below, not hesring the
noise, and not apprehending any danger, remained in the build-
ing, and were must of them buried beneath the ruins. As far
as can be yet ascertained, seven persons were in the building
at the time that it fell. The cause of this melancholy event
cannot be exactly ascertained; some attribute it to the injury
done to the building by the late heavy rains.
The names of the sufferers are—John Bridge, of Clayto .1,
plasterer, taken out dead; Thomas Curly, labourer, Fawcett-
street, taken out dead soon after the accident; Michael Con-
nor, labourer, taken to the Ancoats Dispensary alive, but died
in the course of an hour after ; John Flannigan, labourer,
Store-street; this unfortunate man was still buried in the ruins
at right o'clock last night, but every exertion was being made
to discover him, though there was no hope that he would be
rescued alive.—Manchester Times.

It will be interesting to mothers, and, indeed, to
all the Queen's loyal subjects, to know that the little
Princess Royal has passed two important epochs Of her
in unc3 —namely ," short coating ' and -4‘ Weaning ;"
the fernier event took place a short time ago, and the
latter within th 4 last few days.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS

FEO3I THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
CHRONICLE.—The returns received up to twelve o'clock
last night were—
Reformers. Tories.
English Boroughs...• ... 176 166
English Counties 22 115
Ireland 2B 21
Scotland

Total 253

The Reformers have gained thirty-five seats, one of which
is in a Welsh county, and another in a Scotch county ; and the
Tories have gained sixty-five seats, of which eighteen are in
the English counties, and three in the Scotch counties. In
Scotland the Reformers will gain some counties on which we
did not calculate. A Tory (will be turned out of Renfrewshire.
Indeed, in the Scotch counties, the farmers seem by no means
enamoured of the Corn-laws. In the Stewart.ry of Kirkcud-
bright, for instance, an agricultural county, Mr. Murray, the
Liberal candidate, though opposed by the Earls of Selkirk and
Galloway, had at the end of the first day's poll 574 votes,
while his opponent had only 219. Mr. Murray avowed him-
self favourable to the fixed duty of Ministers, and
ridiculed the idea of agriculture being in danger from it. In
another agricultural county, Roxburghshire, though the Dukes
of Buccleuch and Roxburgh, the greatest landholders, fa-
voured the Tory candidate, and Mr. Elliot himself withdrew
from the contest, the farmers generally voted for the latter,
and the Tory had only 82 votes more than the Liberal, the
numbers being 830 to 748. The accounts from South Lincoln-
shire represent the election of Mr. Handley as all but certain.
The Standard and the Times have been disputing with re-
spect to the majority with which it would be possible " for Sir
Robert Peel to carry on the Government." The • Standard
maintains that fewer than sixty will be insufficient. In the ba-
lance of gains the Tones have only 30, and as they have little
more to gaits in the English counties, we can form a tolerable
estimate of the state of things after the Scotch and Irish re-
turns are completed. , The 'fades will have nothing like a ma-
jority of 60. In fact, their present gains will be reduced rather
than increased. It would seem from the Standard that .eir
Robert Peel has a sliding scale for morals as well as for corn.
HERALD.—Nover did the cause of the Constitution hold
on its triumphant course, in this country, with more animating
energy, than is witnessed in the daily advance of Conservative
principles, as now developed at successive elections. Every day
brings with it some new and signal manifestation of the inten-
sity and the extent in which these are cherished throughout the
land. Large trading and commercial communities not lees than
districts appropriated exclusively to the pursuits of agriculture,
are returning to Parliament men who will uphold those insti-
tutions and establishments which are still dear, still sacred to
the vast majority of Englishmen. Happily for themselves, and
happily for the world—they will not permit these inhe-
ritances, and all the sacred interests which are
bound up with them, to be staked by reckless
political agitators, and unprincipled gamblers in legislation
agsinst the glittering and specious promises of free trade, the
voluntary principle, Vote by Ballot, Universal Suffrage, and
every other innovation which of late years it has been proposed
to engraft on our commercial, moral, and religious systems.
The humblest classes of our yeomanry and farmers, in the
counties,—and numerous electoral bodies composed of those
very " operatives" or workmen whom such incessant activity
has been exerted to mislead and to prejudice on the subject of
the Corn laws, have followed the example set them by the
great " mother seats" of learning in the kingdom. The vast
majority of the moat enlightened and patriotic Members of the
aristocracy have made common cause with the smaller free-
holders arid the more opulent gentry. Even the Globs is compelled
to hazard some admissions which, if they are meant to prove any
thing, must be meant to prove that this tendency of opinions is all
hut universal in the classes which it names. The Globe ad-
mits that, " in the counties Toryism is generally too well
guarded to fear any incursions upon its territories." And
when it proceeds to designate as those who in all country
places are inevitably enrolled in the Conservative ranks, " the
Clergyman, the Squire, the Magistrate, the Attorney, the old
Dowager, the Apothecary"—one is rather at a loss to guess
who, in his own estimate, are really excluded from ranks which
comprehend so much good company. It is clear that the
farmers must be comprehended within the same category :
and to exclude military and naval officers from it would be to
challenge a fact too notorious, and too sore a subject of com-
plaint with the so called " Liberals," to be gravely disputed.
Who. then, upon the Globe's own showing are not Conserva-
tives? When this writer has made a present to their party of
" law, physic, and divinity" at one swoop,—of the Magistracy
and Squirearchy, at another; when, though he has not
" given" he cannot withhold from the same section, the army,
the navy, and the farmers both on a large and a small scale ;
what class, connected with the property or intelligence of the
country, can be said not to be represented by the Conservative
party?
POST.—After the great Conservative victories which we
had the lively gratification of announcing on Saturday morning,
we presume that none but the most frantic can deny the reason-
ableness of Government passing into the hands of Sir Robert
Peel and the party that acts with him. Wherever there is any
respect for the deliberate judgment of the people upon poltical
questions, that respect must lead to the conclusion that a party
honoured with such unequivocal approbation by a majority of
British electors, as the Conservative party is now proved to be,
ought to be at once entrusted with the Government of the
country. As to the Whig-Radicals, they have received their
dismissal from the people. Every tour that they remain in
office is a defiance of the people, and an expression of
contempt for the constitutional controul of the electors
of the kingdom over the administration of the public
affairs. The late House of Commons censured the Whig-
Radical Ministers for their conduct, and declared that in con-
tinuing to hold office they were acting at variance with the
spirit of the Constitution. The Ministers appeal from that
decision to the electors of the House of Commons. The judg-
ment of the electors- has already been delivered, and, so far
from disapproving of the censure passed by their representatives
in the late Parliament, they have sent a large number to the
new House of Commons holding the same opinion as that
against which the Ministers appealed. The-confidence which
every loyal man ought to have in the constitutional principles
of the sovereign can leave no doubt that her Majesty will
cheerfully acquiesce in the wishes of her people as ex-
pressed by the electors of the House of Commons,
and place the seals of office in the hands of those
whom her Majesty's people think most worthy of that
trust. The nation looks with eager anticipation to that
Government which it now rationally deems to be in-
evitable—namely, the Government of Sir Robert Peel and
the leading men of his political sentiments in both Houses of
Parliament. The people at large are well aware of the diffi-
cult circumstances into which the Whig-Radical Ministers
have brought the affairs of Government, especially as regards
the state of the public finances, and our relations with the
United States of America and with China ; but they hope for
an extrication from those difficulties through the exertion of
qualities for Government very different from those of the pre-
sent Ministers. 'The Whig-Radical Ministers have been
chiefly distinguished for a certain species of dexterity which
men generally paeiess in proportion to the looseness of their
principles. They have shown themselves " cunning of fence"
in some small matters, and in great matters they have sub-
mitted to pressure from whatever quarter it might come, and
have acknowledged themselves the obedient servants both of
Conservatives and Destructives, rather than encounter a strug-
gle which might enJanger their continuance in office. With
all this the people have evidently become dissatisfied. They
have become weary and ashamed of the mean scramble which,
for some time past, has taken the place of Government.
GLOBE.—Sir Robert Peel's position, over the heads
of his party, reminds us rather strongly of a parrot's, hung
out in his solitary cage ; whose sole solace is self-ap-
plause, intermingled with oblique objurgations at the
vulgar crowds beneath him, and in reply to their upward
jibes. " Pretty Peel ! Pretty Peel !" alternates with "Foul
thief !" or "Foul witch !" There is an edifying.recipro-
city of obliging terms between the leader and his party.
Sir Robert, like his parrot-prototype, is determined
to give his own account of himself, and indignant that
any other should be taken to represent his sentiments.
He is imperturbable in his self-ascriptions ; and not by
any means particular in the phrases with which he re-
quites the tokens of from the Tory rabble. " Some
vagabond" waving an Orange flag is not forgotten by
those concerned ; and the Standard is justly anxious
to have a large and thorough Tory majority to keep a
chief in order who has that way of talking of its prin
ciples. In the mean time, Sir Robert Peel continues
Iris solo of self-approval. " The principles I will ad-
here to," lie says, " whether in opposition or in
power, are in perfect conformity with the prevail-
ing good sense, with the moderation, and with the
intelligence of the great body of the people of England."
It is a good deal to say for one's own principles, that
they are in perfect conformity with good sense, and mo-
deration, and intelligence. The assumption of these is
softened by ascribing the same qualities to " the great
body of the people." Everybody who agrees with Sir
Robert Peel may henceforth rest satisfied that his
views are in perfect conformity with good sense, mode-
ration, and intelligence ; and it will save a world of
trouble to the good folks who have not many views of
any sort, to take Sir Robert Peel's upon trust, as
the Right Hon. Baronet assures them that in so doing,
they will be sure to adhere to good sense, moderation, and
intelligence. They will also be saved the trouble of corn-
paring those views with others, or weighing them too scru-
pulously on their own independent merits, as Sir R. Peel
studiously avoids subjecting them to comparisons (which
are proverbially odious) by too explicit and distinct state-
ments of them. In this, too, he has attained the parrot's art
of speaking without committing himself, and obtaining cre-
dit for " thinking the more" on points where he chooses to
say nothing. The British Ciitic has justly exposed the
offensive egotism of all this Peelotry. But perhaps it hardly
gives credit enough to the policy which suggests it.
'that policy is one which is always, in a certain sense
and degree, successful. Every clever men surrounded
by foils for contrast—let his cause be bad,. and his
party worse, and his relations with that party distasteful
mutually—can secure the suffrage of a large and good
easy part of the public, by making a skilful use of all
his manifold disadvantages, turning " his diseases to
commodity," and raising himself at the expense of his
party, and at the sacrifice of Ls prospects, or of its predi-
lections. The Standard is perfectly right in supposing
such a condition of its party possible, that the best thingits
leader can do for it is to betray its interests, while govern-
ing in its name ! We only differ from the Standard, in
believing that state of things real, not hypothetical. And
the conclusion we draw is, that as its party cannot,
in effect, at present govern at all, it would have continued
more wisely to acquiesce in the part of an Opposition.
COURIER.—The querulous curiosity of the Whig-
Radical press, as well as of Whig-Radical speakers, as to
the principles on which Sir Robert Peel is to conduct
his Government, and the measures which lie is pre-
pared to propose fur the alleviation or cure of the present
difficulties of the country is sufficiently amusing, al-
though more hypocritical and affected than real. Above
all they pretend to be most in the dark, or most
puzzled, as to the mode in which he may deal with that
deplorable deficiency in the Treasury, which is the na-
tural climax of the foreign wars and financial waste
of the last ten years. In order to obtain a clue to
the enigma we are treated day by .day with different
conjecturos, or bold assumptions of fscts each varying
fromthe other, in order to provoke contradiction in coma
quarter and to give a handle for attack. Thus one., day
we have the Ministerial writers gloating over the sinis-
ter assurance that the first act of the Conservative Mi-
nister must be the imposition of fresh taxes to stop
the Whig treasury gap ; whilst the next we are as
confidently reminded' that his only remedy for the
provision Of wanting ways and means must be by,
the levy of loans, or issue of Exchequer bills, and in-
crease of the national debt. The example of the pre-
sent provisional Government may lie quoted in favour
of both these courses, for they have both imposed new
taxes and multiplied "deficiency bills," and, singularly
enough,. both at the same time, so as more expe-
ditiously to burn out the Treasury taper by light-
ing it at both ends at once. The case of
the-Whig-Radical ridden oountry is no doubt deplorable

enough, yet we do not opine it past the skill and mas-
tery of Sir Robert, who is not the man to apply despe-
rate and doubtful remedies upon the kill or cure-all sys-
tem of Whig-Radical quackery, whilst the regular re-
sources •and combinations of art, which to all but learned
and able practitioners are a sealed hook, remain still un-
tried or unexhausted. Before he shall decide upon his
remedial resolves in last resort indeed, he will have to
ascertain the causes of disease by a searching investis
gation.
STANDARD,—*AiId !lOW that the battle has been'
won, we mast submit that a little discretion and a little
patience in our victorious host will be necessary to secure
all the fruits of victory. Already we have demands
made for some explicit declaration. of his purpose upon
certain points upon Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel
being at present neither more no less than the
Right Honourable Member for Tamworth, and,
although questionless the statesman upon whom the
hopes of the country rest, really but one of the
Members of the House of Commons—this surely is
going something too fast. The Ministers are as yet
to be put out of office, and from all that has been seen
of them, it is not unreasonable to expect that they
will niake a hard struggle before they can be 'ejected.
It must be obvious, however, to every one, that by
gi ring, as it were, a programme of his plan cf govern-
ment, Sir Robert Peel would furnish these men with
the means of resistance. For example, suppose them
to adopt Sir Robert's promised measures—as for the
sake of place they would adopt any measures
upon what ground could they be displaced ?
Besides this consideration, to which everyone who
has observed closely the conduct of the Mel-
bourne Cabinet must allow some weight, is there
not something umenerOus in thus early calling for
declarations ? Do we not know Sir Robeft Peel 2
Have we not his Government of 1835 before us
from which to anticipate the course that he will
pursue when called to the councils of his So-
vereign ? We are aware that the impatient qtterists
have no object but the common good ; but we
must think that they do injustice to them-
selves and to the great Conservative leader in the
line they take. We expect everything that a
reasonable Conservative can desire from Sir Robert
Peel, supported as he will be by a great majority,
and we cannot see the least justification for doubting
him ; but surely such It as we complain
of must be the result of a frivolous curiosity, unworthy
of prudent men, or, of distrust. What is wanted ?
Two months ago we should have been all well coil•
tented with such measures as the Conservative
leader proposed or supported. Why do we ask fur
more now ? To allow an increase of power to suggest
new desires is folly in the case of an individual, but it is
utter ruin to a political party, because it is shifting of
ground from that solid foundation upon which the edifice
of power has been raised.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

PRO:St TIIE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

TIMES.—The prospect of the Americans coming into the
London market once more as borrowers, a prospect with which
we were threatened by a paper of the last arrival, hat Mated A.
strong feeling of the prepriMtytif resisting every attempt to send
money to a cnuntty where the legal and moral obligation rif
paying State debts is still an unsettled question, rather calcu-
lated to elicit the ingenuity of the disputant than likely to be
solved to the satisfaction of the lender. .A correspondent stip
rests that the first effort of the kind Should be met by the pub-
lication of a resolution by the Committee of the Stock Exchange
against the introduction of any fresh American loans un' il all
the states have paid up their arrears of dividends, and have
given security for future payment. This measure, throwing
obstacles in the way of every State, on account of the defalca-
tions of a few of them, would be somewhat severe, but the un-
safe appearance of affairs generally is such, that the people of
the United States must not be surprised if the resolution adopted
here are more than ordinarily stringent.
CIIRONICLE.—" The want of confidenee," not in Minis-
ters, but in monetary affairs, which has thrown a gloom over
the City hemisphere during the past week, and threatened a
storm in the world of commerce, not free of wreck, has sub-
sided. The home securities exhibited a tendency to shoot up
again, and there has been some firmness in the market.
We cannot say, however, that our fears are entirely removed.
We dread that there is still something rotten beneath the sur-
face, and that the ramification of the stoppage of Whitmore's
bank, and their agents, Daintre, Ryle, and Co., may yet be at-
tended with considerable loss and embarrassment in the manu-
facturing districts. It is fortunate that the season promises
well, and that we may look for an abundant harvest. But
should any adverse atmospheric influences come into play, so
as to allow the Corn Exchange operators to work up the
averages, and again alarm the Bank of England for her
bullion, we shall have a farther turn of the "screw,"
and a pinching scarcity of money. Under any view
of the present state of affairs, we must not look
for any thing like money being cheap. The home
trade has been extremely limited for many months. There
has been an absence of speculation, and a desire on the part of
all to reduce their engagements. These exertions of self-pru-
dence and self preservation have been severely felt in the wool
trade, and we fear that there is some'. cause for uneasiness in
that important branch of our productive industry.
Something must be done to give employment to the people.
All parties are agreed in that, and the question remaining is,
what shall that something be ? It is reported very generally
in the city that. Sir Robert Peel will have recourse to a pro-
perty tax in order to make up the deficiency in the revenue,
and that he will thus be enabled to alleviate the pressure of
taxation on the poorer classes. No property-tax, however, can
possibly remove the decay in our export trade, or give em-
ployment to the thousands of starving families in our great
hives of labour. Unless Sir Robert Peel adopt the proper re-
medy for that disease which is eating up the heart-blood and
vita's of the nation, no such measure of taxation can give the
country relief.
POST.—Some letters have been addressed to us respecting
the reported payment of three per cent. interest on such por-
tion of the overdue dividends on the Active Debt of Spain as
was capitalised under the decree of Senor Gamboa. The pay-
ment in question, if the announcements of the Ministry are to
be believed, though, as we have often shown, they are not,
would take place on the Ist instant at Madrid. The financial
dealings of the Spaniards are of so exceedingly complex, so
knavish a character, that no human being not behind the
scenes can tell exactly what is passing in the Treasury depart-
ment, or what is really intended. The payment of the ambas-
sadorial exchequer issues in London was advertised for a given
day five years beck; yet, to the dismay of the holders. who
had given for' them 67 .per cent. when the Active Stock
was at 20, no payment was made at the time stated, nor has
it been made to this day. It is quite within the compass of
possibility, therefore, and, we should say, of probability also,
that the late notification at Madrid may turn out to be another
unworthy trick designed to facilitate the raising of a supply
of money to answer some temporary object, or to produce an
impression on the stock markets. The best-informed persons
connected with Spain, both financially and commercially, when
questioned upon the matter, shake their heads doubtingly, and
are evidently incredulous alike as to the means and intentions
of the Government to Blake any approach to justice towards
the foreign creditor, be that approach ever so trifling.
The Paris Committee of Spanish bondholders sent no me-
morial to Gamboa regarding his three per cent. arrangement,
nor were the bondholders in England precluded by any advice
of the London Committee from acceding to the terms pro-
posed. Spanish agencies and Spanish commissions have
offices in the two metropolises. Why, then, may the three
per cent. interest on the five per cent. accruing on the five
years allowed to fall into arrear not be obtained in London and
in Paris, as well as at Madrid. The Chronicle, with an affec-
tation of concern for the bondholders, recommends them to be
patient, and to receive with thankfulness from Spain whatever
they can get by way of an instalment, although it is no more
than 7s. lid. on the 1001. bond, with 251. in interest due upon
it, for such is the momentous matter of which we are speaking.
To crown all, they arc cautioned not to indulge in irreverent
language towards. Spain, but to be ever modest, respectful,
and decorous in their allusions to that exemplary nation. This,
it must be allowed, is capital.

A further arrival of Buenos Ayres papers puts us in posses•
sion of intelligence from the Republic to May 2, or a week
later than that received yesterday. No altittional accounts
have been obtained from the interior relative to the movements
of Lavalle and his opponents, nor• is any fresh view given of the
state of political affairs as between the Republic and Monte
Video. Reports were current that two vessels had arrived at
Las Chonchas from Paraguay, ani that all persons who were
detained in that country had been released. Should this be
true, it was considered that there was every probability of
a trade being► renewed between Paraguay and Buenos Ayres,
which could not but "move highly advantageous. The Ex-
change on England was 2id. to 3d. the paper dollar.

“ BECKETT'S NOTES.”—The election just
over has been one of the dearest elections for ,the Tories
that has ever taken place in Leeds. From facts within
our knowledge, we are convinced that it cannot have
cost a farthing less than 4,0001. The number of notes
from Beckett's bank at present flying about Leeds is,
we believe, quite unprecedented. Numbers of the poorer
classes of voters have, during the last few days, been pay-
ing up long arrears of rent in " Beckett's notes," also
long-standing accounts in " Beckett's notes ;" and many
are now living as they never lived before, and all upon
" Beckett's notes ." It is quite possible that Mr. Wil-
liam Beckett may have paid a great deal more for the
honour of representing Leeds than it is really worth.
As it is, we have very strong suspicions that he has gone
into Parliament with filthy hands.—Leeds Times.
BARBAROUS MURDKR.—On Tuesday last, a
small village near Blackpool, on the west coast of Lancashire,
was the scene of a most horrible murder. The particulars, as
far as they have reached us are—that two men had a guar-
' rel in a public-house, when one of them seized the poker,
and before sufficient assistance could be got to prevent
him, literally smashed the head of the other in such
a dreadful manner as caused his almost immediate death.
A Coroner's inquest was held on the body, and a verdict of
" Wilful Murder" was returned. The murderer effected his
escape, and on Thursday morning last a police officer arrived in
this town in pursuit of him, as it is supposed, from some cir-
cumstances which have transpired, that he is secreted in this
neighbourhood.—Leeds Times.
Married, in Washington, Mr. Joseph Peck to
Miss Amelia Bushel. The Providence Journal supposes that
a part of the next generation will be half-pecks and half-bushels.
CAPABILITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN FOR
SHIP-BUILDING.—No country in the world affords a
parallel to Great Britain in the skill of its artisans. As
machinists and engineers they are unrivalled ; and, if
they excel in one department of mechanical construct-
tion more than in another, it is in ship-building. This
may, probably, in a great measure arise from the na-
tural necessities of the country, from its insular position,
and the consequent demand for that species of labour
and skill which such a position requires. But inde-
pendently of such a stimulus, ship-building, from the
combination of great strength, manual dexterity, and
mechanical intuition which is necessary to perfection iu
ti►e a rt.(for it is an art), seems as if it were chalked out by
nature.fbr English and Scotch operatives. Orterisparibus
—that is, put theEttgliGhman or Scotchman on even terms
with the Dane or Norwegian, and (to use, perhips, a
rather hyperbolical phrase) they would knock a ship's
knees together before their rivals could saw them asun-
der. It is a trade requiring, as we have said, that com-
bination of head-work and handy-work peculiar to the
natives of this country ; it is a species of labour, too, in
which, as at once requiring strength and skill, they de-
liglit ; and, if they possessed equal advantages with the
artisans of other countries, they ought to be ship-
builders for the whole world. The question is why are they
not so ? The answer is, they want the prime requisite,
the raw material. They have heads to think, hands to
labour, tools to facilitate and shorten their labour—even
machinery to relieve them of the mere drudgery of la-
bour—but they want wood.—Journal of Commerce.

CIVIL TRIBUNAL OF THE SEINE •
(From Galignani's Messenger.)
SOCIALIST EDUCATION.
An interesting case was opened before the Tribunal
vii of the Seine on the 29th ult., and decided on th.•
6th ult. The plaintiff was M. Phiquepal d'Arusmont, •
the husband of Fanny Wright, who has made some noise
in the United States) and also in England, by her public
leettireS on political economy, and her enthusiastic adop-
tion of the doctrines of Mr. Owen ; the defendant was
the Baron de Beausejour. The facts, as stated to the
tribunal by M. Durand Saint-Amanel, the - plaintiff's
counsel, were as follows :—ln the year 1823 the de-
fendant, who was at that time a Deputy and an intimate
friend of Lafayette, of whose extreme opinions he pan:
took, wishing to give to his nephew an education accord-
ing to his own views, placed him, with the plaintiff, who
had strongly imbibed the Owenite doctrines, and was
endeavouring to form an establishment in France similar
to Mr. Owen's". New Harmony" in the United States.
The Baron de Beausejour was to pay for the education
and board of his nephew 1,200 fr. a-year. M. Phiquepal,
failing in his efforts to form an Owenite establishment
in France,, turned his eyes to America, and went thither
With the ' nephew of the defendant and other
pupils. At New Harmony, the plaintiff formed
an intimate connection with Mr. Owen, of whose
character his counsel gave a most glowing account, de-
scribing him as a reformer of the highest order, with
whom Sovereigns did not hesitate to correspond, and on
whom the King of Prussia had conferred a gold medal,
and became acquainted with Miss Frances Wright, the
friend of Bentham, and the assistant of Mr. Owen in
the propagation of the new lights. In 1830, M. Phiquepal
thinking his presence necessary in France, and-a mar-
rias-e having been decided upon between him and Miss
Wright, quitted New Harmony with that lady, leaving
his pupils under the care of the son of Mr. Owen, and,
arriving in France, the marriage ceremony was per-
formed in the presence of General Lafayette. At this
time the defendant,- wishing to have his nephew at home,
recalled him from America, but gave a most friendly
reception to the plaintiff, and settled his account,
amounting to 7,200 fr., by a bill. When the bill
given by the defendant became due it was dishonoured,
and the defendant, not content with refusing to pay,
• UN-me-lit a Cross action against M. Phiquepal, in which
he laid his damages at 25,000 fr. for the injury inflicted
upon his nephew by a vicious system of education.
M. Dufour, the nephew, had also demanded damages,
but this demand, said M. Durand, was. refuted by the
mere fact, that he was at this moment in possesion of a
lucrative place, which he could not . have filled, if his
editestatiri had ken neglected, as was pretended by the
opposing party.
The defendant's counsel, M. Flanjin, In reply, stated
that, when his client gave the bill for 7,200 fr., he bad
not seen his nephew, and was not aware of the neglect
whkh bad taken place, M, Satire, the counsel fur M.
Dufour, said that, perilously to the departure of M. Phi-
quepal iii 1823, the education• ofhis client proceeded
satisfactorily enough, and this was also the case for nine
months after his arrival at Philadelphia ; but that, at
the expiration of that time, he had conceived a passion
for the social &did Of Mr: Owen, and from that mo-
ment the education of his pupils tools a Vicious turn.
M. Phiquepal, having resolved upon joining Mr. Owen,
dismissed his American pupils, and embarked with those
whom be bad brong'it from France in a large flat-
bottomed boat, to perfoi'm a voynr of 500 leagues on
the Ohia and Wabash rivers. They had hardly however,
been embarked 24 hours in their frail vessel, when they
were stopped by the ice, and compelled to winter for
three months in an almost deserted village. Having at
length arrived at New Harmony, the.pupils were put to
the rudest labour, such as ploughing, masonry, smiths'
work, &c., and had to make their own clothes and pre-
pare their own food, everything else being neglected.
Their food consisted of Indian corn slightly boiled, and
made into cakes, to which was added, on Sunday, a little
game when they were successful in shooting. Two years
afterwards the printer of the New Harmony Gazette hav-
ing quitted the colony, his compositors were replaced by
the pupils of M. Phiquepal. In the mean time, said
M. Sudre, the pecuniary resources of M. Phiquapal
being exhausted, he associated himself with Miss Wright,
a female of fortune, who was a great reformer, and
anxious to propagate her ideas among the blacks. The
pupils of M. Phiquepal were now embarked on the Mis-
sisippi for New York, where they arrived after a fatiguing
journey, and were set to work as journeymen composi-
tors on a new journal called the Free Inquirer. During
the whole of this time the parents and friends of the pu-
pils were ignorant of what was passing. M. de Beause-
Jour, in his anxiety, 'addressed himself for information
to deneral Lafayette, who made many fruitless inquiries.
M. de Beausejour, added M. Sudre, having learnt indi-
rectly that his nephew had been at New Harmony, wrote
letter after letter, to know if he were still there, or what
had become of him. It was not until three years after
that he received the following letter :
" New York, October 11, 1829.
"My clear Uncle,—l hasten to reply to your last let-
ter of May 28, 1829. It only reached me last week,
after having been taken to New Harmony, and brought
back here. You tell me that you have written more than
ten times, but I can assure you that those are the only
two letters I .have received from you., M. Phiquepal
has every reason to believe that his and our letters,
during our sojourn at New Harmony, have been inter-
cepted. We now reside at New York, on the bank of a
pretty river, five miles from the city, in the same house
with Mr. Owen and Miss Wright ; you must know them,
at least from reputation ; they edit a journal, which my
comrades and I print. We have learnt a variety of little
things which I think will contribute to render us inde-
pendent, in whatever position we may be placed. I shall find
no difficulty in making my own shoes, my coats, my cap,
my
,bread, butter, soap, candles, brooms, or, in a word,
to do anything useful in household affairs ; to cultivate
my garden, or my farm, to construct my hut, my boat,
and to save myself by swimming, if it were necessary.
This latter was of essential service to me on a late oc-
casion, when our boat having upset in a squall, it was
not without great difficulty that M. Phiquepal and our-
selves were able to save our lives. M. Phiquepal and
my comrades are very well, and desireto be remembered
to you."
AS soon as M. de Beausejour was informed of these
facts, he recalled his nephew to France'. M: Phiquepal,
after a voyage to St. Domingo with Miss Wright, where
they had in vain attempted to inculcate the philosophy
of Owen in the minds of the blacks, came to Paris, and
having tranquillised the mind of the Baron as to his
nephew's education, he received the bill for 7,200 f. But
the arrival of the nephew having dissipated all the illu-
sions created by M. Phiquepal, the bill was dishonoured
when it became due. M. Sudre having thus stated the
facts of his case, concluded by calling upon the tribunal
to annul the demand of the plaintiff, and give damages
to his client, M. Dufour. The Avocet do Hoi followed
M. Sudre. He censured in strong terms the conduct of
M. Phiquepal, in giving to M. Dufour the education of a
mere labourer, and recommended to the tribunal to an-
nul, or at least diminish considerably, his claim.
The tribunal, having heard the parties, adjourned the
cause for a week, for the delivery of the judgment.
On the 6th instant it was delivered, to the following
effect, viz.:—That the defendant, M. de Beausejour,
might have authorised the plaintiff to adopt a peculiar
system of physical education; he never understood that
there was to be an exclusion of all those studies which
devclope the moral and intellectual faculties•, and that
M. Phiquepal having neglected all these breaches of edu-
cation for a period of six years, could only claim pay-
ment for his expenditure in providing for the physical
wants of the pupil. The tribunal, therefora, condemned
the defendant to pay only 2,500 f., instead of 7,209 f., the
amount for which he had given his bill, but rejected the
claim for damages made by the Baron de Beausejour,
and his nephew; M. Phiquepal, however, to pay all
the costs.

THE YOUNG IDEA !—A few days since, in
the neighbourhood of Dawlish, a female servant was out
with a little boy, three years old, when on seeing some
black sheep in a field, divested of their fleeces, he ex-
claimed, " Oh, there's funny sheep !" " Why, said the
servant, they have only been shorn." " What's shorn?"
inquired the little fellow. " Why they've had their
coats cut off," was the reply. The next day the maid
heard a black kitten belonging to her mistress crying
dismally in the court ; and on going to see what was the
matter, she found that the little boy who was sitting on
a step, had the head of the kitten between his knees,
having nearly finished the operation of sheering little
puss on one side. On asking the little fellow why he
could think of serving the kitten so bad ? he promptly
answered, " If the sheep have their coats cut off, why,
shouldn't the cat be shorn too?" The maid was dumb-
foundered ; and little puss runs about with half a coat.—
Sherborne Journal.

NORWEGIAN CLIMATE.'—The coast of Nor-
way is remarkable for its climate and atmospheric phe-
nomena. Corn grows in the same latitude as in the most
northern, part of Iceland. At Alten, higher still than
Greenland, there are to be seen both corn and larches.
In Asia and America, countries in the same latitudes are
covered with eternal snow, where man cannot live.
Hammerfest, a town with 600 inhabitants, stands in lat.
71 deg. This is the most northerly town in the world.
The copper works of Kaffiord are in lat. 70 deg. The
coal mines of Spitzbergen are the only works under
ground so far north. Human beings live even at the
North Cape. In Russia, again, every harbour is blocked
up in winter, whilst no ice is to be seen in any port of
Norway. At Tromsoe, in let. 69 to 70 deg., the mer-
cury rarely falls, in winter, below 12 deg. of ; and
even within the arctic circle, it is rarely lower than 2
deg. of IL It is a law of nature that heat increases as
we recede from the pole ; how, then, is this exception to
be accounted for ? It is explained as follows. A con-
tinual elevation process of the earth, such as can be
proved to exist in Sweden, is also at work in Norway.
A marine alluvial stratum, and extraordinary old water.
marks aro to be seen 500 feet above the level of the sea.
The necessary concomitant, subterranean heat, is nearly
the only solution of this remarkable phenomenon.—
Athenceant.

WHY ARE WOMEN LONGER LIVED THAN
MEN ?--It cannot fail to be remarked as a striking fact
connected with human mortality, that notwithstanding
the peculiar and more severe diseases to which females
are necessarily ,xposed, and their more delicate consti-
tution, they are longer lived than males. The average
age of males in England and Wales in 1838 was 44,
while that of females was 47, giving an average of 7 per
cent. of excess of mortality of males over •females. This
fact is the more remarkable, when we consider that up-
wards of a hundredth of all the deaths in the metropolis
arise from diseases peculiar to females, while they tun.
equally exposed to all other • diseases of a mortal nature..
To what are we to ascribe the circumstance, then, that
the lives of females are three years more valuable than
those of males ? We believe that temperance and more
regular habits are among the causes, and that our view
will be borne cut by the opinion of those who have con-
sidered the subject with atteutiou.--Lecture by Dr. R.
D. Thomson.
. .

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

MANSION HOUSE.

George Everett, who stated that he was Superintendent
to the New Greenwich Steam Navigation Company, ap-
peared upon a summons ~to answer the complaint of
Thomas Samuel for non-performance of contract on the
day her Majesty visited Woolwich on the occasion of the
late ship launch. The complaint. of Mr. Samuel, which
was against the Company of Which the defendant was
the representative, had been partly heard on Saturday,
and the following are the particulars of the evidence on
Saturday and yesterday.
Mr. Samuel stated, that having paid half a crown
each for his sister and himself for the passage to Wool-
wich, to see the launch of the Trafalgar, to the servants
of the New Greenwich Steam Packet Company, and re-
ceived the tickets, he and his sister went at the appointed
time to klungerford-stairs, where the steamers of the
Company were stationed.. They proceeded to go on
board one of the Company's vessels, but were told that if
they chose to be passengers in her, they must pay five
shillings each. They tried another, and they learned
that the same price was demanded, and witness, upon
expostulating with the authorities on board, was threat-
ened with a tern oat, if he did not at once leave the ves-
sel. To the third vessel he and his sister were admitted;
but the steamer had not proceeded far when she ground-
ed, and a great delay too.: place ; and when at length
she got to Greenwich, the launch had taken place.
The Loan MA-von—Did they undertake to take you
to see the launch of the Trafalgar ?
Complainant--Certainly they did ; but their great
object was to fill their two other vessels with five shilling
passengers, and to have those who had already paid
their half-a-crown each to-take their chance. I contend,
my Lord, that such conduct was unworthy of respectable
men. Although we produced the Company's tickets,
they told us, that if we wanted to get on boaf-d,
either of the first vessels, we must pay five shillings each,
and they were going to push me out of one of them. The
Company acted shamefully by giving us tickets the day
before, upon the faith of which we calculated upon seeing
the launch.

The sister or the complainant stated that the launch
had taken place before the vessel in which she and her
brother went arrived at. Woolwich. They had got on
board at the appointed time.

Mr. Everett said that it was true the defendant and
his sister had taken tickets, but not for the vessels into
which they had first applied to be admitted, and which
had been engaged by parties of limited numbers at five
shillings each. The vessels in which the half-crown
fares were received, and in which the complainant
and his sister were, set off in proper. time, but in
consequence of the state of the tide, were stranded
near Waterloo-bridge, and were not got off for
a Considerable time. As soon as she was free,
she went down the river as rapidly as she could,
and, in fact, she arrived at Woolwich just as the Tra-
fidgar was "going off on the launch." He (witness) saw
her go off, and called out " There she goes," and a great
many on board saw her launched. There was no blame,
he as3ured the Lord Mayor, attributable to the captain
or other persons in authority in the steam-vessel, and he
could bring forward persons to prove that such was the
case beyond all question, and that the detention of the
vessel was quite accidental.

The LORD MAYOR said that he considered the Steam-
packet Company certainly in the wrong, and advised the
superintendent to return the two half-crowns which had
been taken as the fare of the complainant and his sister.
If the superintendent did not chose to get out of the
business in that way; he might produce witnesses to
prove that his employers were justified in the course
pursued on a future day.
The defendant .intimated that it was his wish to have
the ease postponed for the production of witnesses, and it
accordingly came on again yesterday.
Mr. Samuel appeared, and so did Mr. Everett, but the
latter upon being asked whether he intended to have the
investigation recommenced, stated that although the
Company and their servants were totally blameless in the
matter, he thought it advisable to pay back the fares to
Mr. Samuel.

The LORD MAYOR commended the prudence of the
superintendent.
Mr. Samuel requested that the expenses might also
be defrayed by the defendant.
The LORD MAYOR—Oh, certainly, the expenses must
be paid.
The defendant very reluctantly paid the expenses as
NI-ell as the fares, and
Mr. Samuel immediately handed over the whole
amount to the Mansion-house poor-box, requesting that
it might be given to the objects of the charity, his object
in prosecuting the case being merely to serve the public.
A man named Bailey was charged with having broken
a window in the shop of Mr. Dowdney, the " Reform
your Tailors' bill" shop, in Lombard-street, value 151.
The complainant said he could not account for the vio-
lent conduct of the defendant, who had formerly been
employed by him.
Bailey said that he had worked on commission for Mr.
Dowdney, who refused to pay him 19s. 3d. due forlabour.
Mr. Dowdney declared that he did not owe the man
one farthing.
The LORD MAYOR (to defendant)—Then pay Mr.
Dowdney the 141. more which the window will cost.
Defendant—lio, not I. I have got no money.
The LORD MAYOR—Then you must go to prison.
Defendant—To prison! for what?
The Loan MAYOR—For wilfully breaking a window.
You must go to hard labour.
Defendant—You don't mean that? What! to hard
labour!

The Loan Mayon—Yes, you must go to the treadmill
if you don't pay.
Defendant—Oh Lord I Oh Lord ! For breaking a
tailor's window to go the treadmill!—(Laughter.)
Committed to the treadmill.