The Sun.
London, England, 1824-09-18 00:00:00

THE LONDON JOURNALS.

DA 110 Y

Extracts from the Morning Papers; Sept. 18.1

[THE TIMEB.]

The event so often predicted--the death of
Louis the XVIIIth of France—has at length
become matter of history. That Prince is ac-
tually dead. He and Napoleon are alike re-
move from the world, which blazed with their
adverse pretensions—that world which was
w►ung with misery, and drenched with blood,
for the sake of fixing one or the other of them
upon a throne, from which, within ten short
years, they have now successively and irrevoca-
bly fallen. Yet, for all the millions of lives that
were sacrificed, and of treasures wasted, on ac-
count of these two men, how few of the indivi-
duals that survive then► would pay five pounds,
or travel a day's journey, to bring either of them
back into existence. Such, alas lin the eye of

a calm observer, is the vanity of most human agi-
tations. No European Prince of the last two
centuries underwent more vicissitudes than Louis
X Vlll. nor endured them with more exemplary

equanimity. It is not too much to say on his
behalf, that there was no exhibition of meanness
in his adversity, nor of insolence in his prosper•
Otis fortune, flow much of this seeming superi-
olity to fate may have sprung from A real gran-
deur of conception—calculating profoundly, and
despising thoroughly, the petty fluctuations to
uhich'human life is exposed ; or how much from
mete constitutional heedlessness—not troubling

itself about any but immediate and trivial objects
—it might, perhaps, he no very difficult office to
determine. Louis eras unquestionably more an
'Epicurean than a Stoic. Ms indolent love of
pleasure served him as a substitute for the nobler
contempt of suffering ; and those who speak of
him as magnanimous under misfortnue, may be
reminded that Oman of sluggish sensibility buys
the fame of being " magnanimous" at a small
expence. Louis XVIII. was sometimes call-
Pd " Look Le Faux." Of his royal prede-
cessors few escaped without a satirical agno-
, men, indicative more, perhaps, of the national
sentiment which applied it, than of the personal,
qualities which it imputed. This epithet, how•
ever, seems to have been obtained by his late

Most Christian Majesty from two dailies of his
subjects) one of which charged him with the

non-performance of pledges given to them while
they were companions of his exile ; the other,
with a gradual violation of those which were ern•
bodied in the Charter, and which, accompanied
his restoration to the throne. Between these
parties, opposite as they were, and irreconcile.
able, the, King had to shape a course of policy
which it was not easy to execute, but which, we
imagine, was easier to Louis in proportion to
his habits of indolence, to the coldness of the
better atrections in him, and, at the same time,
to an absence of the acrimonious end vindic.
dictive passions. A Prince of a more fiery
character would either have quarrelled with
his friends when they reproached him with
the breech of his promise, or have given way
to the Royal appetite for omnipotence, by
wholly refusing a charter to his subjects, or by
seizing the first provocation afforded him, through
treason or intemperance, to overturn it. Louis
XVIII. did neither : his taste was pleasure—
not power. lie maintained a good-humoured in-
tercourse with the adherents whose most sanguine
hopes he had disappointed. lie rather permitted,
than authorized or suggested, those numberless
attacks by %s hick the Charter has been all but
destioyed. lie dismissed those Ministers who
bad the strongest claims upon his gratitude with-
out hesitation or apparent sorrow and others,
hom he had grounds foi• disliking or suspecting,
he treated with a show of confidence and esteem.

That all this sat gracefully upon the King of
France, is acknowledged by men of the most
hostile parties ; and is accounted for on no other
supposition than that his Majesty cared for
ns►tie of them. A Royal heart is well under-
stood to be, in most instances, from the sta-
tibu, perhaps, of the owner, less susceptible of
kindly predilections than that of a private citizen.
Bait we fear there is evidence in the life of Louis:
that his heart was even inure than Royal. The
perfect composure with which he shook off De
Gazes, and Richelieu, and La Chatre—the insU-
perable.testimony of his. autograph narration, re-
couuting his escape from the perks of the revolu-
tion, and tin' gay philosophy with which he con-
templated the failure of his nearest relatives in a
Ilin►ilar attempt to his ovviigo far, we think, to
settle the question us to the character and ge-
nius of Louis XVII. l.'s dispositions. U pun the
whole, he may rank in history as a Prince who
steered with more than ordinary temper through
circumstances complicated and new ; and, as
compared with the average of Bourbon Princes,
lie is entitled to a place i❑ which few of the fa-
mily can approach him.

Emonsfsc
The important intelligence which The Chronicle
exclusively communicated to the public, on Wed•
nesdsy morning last, of the landing of General
Iturbide in Mexico, and of his subsequent fate,
has been fully confirmed by the arrival in Lon-
don, yesterday forenoon, of Mr. Tote, belonging
to the establishment of Messrs. B. A. Gold.
selnuidt and Co. This gentleman accomplished
the journey Wm Mexico to Tampico in six days,
where he embarked on board his Majesty's ship
Forte, Captain Sir Thomas Cochrane, and was
landed in 4'2 days at Plymouth, on Tuesday last.
In the present state of American politics nothing
eau be more favourable to the cause of society in
the Western Hemisphere than the decision which
the Republican Government adopted respecting
Iturbide, for it furnishes future disturbers of the
Republic's tranquillity with a lesson which will
iiever be forgotten. To England it is also
important, in its far us it must establish
the independence of the Mexican Republic.
It removes all fears of civil war in Mexico,
by which alone commerce could have suffered,
and it opens a vast field for the advantageous
employment of capital, either on interest or on
industry, in the future connection of British

merchants with this the richest and most popu-
lous of New American States. It will, most
probably, be the means of preventing much in-
dividual distress in Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow,
and many other manufacturing cities. It deprives
the British Government of every pretext for
doubting that a firm Government has been esta-
blished im Mexico, and the speedy acknowledg-
ment of its independence by Great Britain must be
a necessary consequence of the execution of Itur-
bide, who,in his death, has thus performed a signal
service to his country.---The pacification of the Re-
public of Peru is now alone wanting to crown the
labours of the Liberators of America from Euro-
pean despotism, and a letter has been received
by an erninent, merchant unconnected with the
Stock Exchange, dated in New York on the 10th
August, from which sanguine hopes may be drawn
that only a short period will elapse before the
receipt of intelligence from that Republic of its
complete emancipation from the yoke of the
Royalist worshippers of the adored and beloved
Ferdinand. The following Is extracted from this
letter :

"'Of Iturbide we have heard nothing, but it is very impro-
bable that ho can succeed. The present Government is gra-
dually consolidating Itself, although much must yet be done to
render Its operations any thing bordering on perfection. We
know that General Bolivar has recaptured Lima, and Callao,
and before this time the Royalists must have been entirely sub-
dued. We have heard that the Colombian Executive have or.
dered ten thousand soldiers to reinforce Bolivar in Peru but
not one of them will be wanted, Ibr he must already have finished
the liberation of that portion of America from Spanish influence,
and it belongs to the people to form that system of Government
best suited to the progress which they have made in knowledge,
that only real foundation to true liberty, &c."
Thit letter paves the way to the receipt of im-
portant and favourable intelligence from the
Pacific. •

[MORNING POST.)
The adventurous enterprise of Iturbide has
terminated as we anticipated. Like Murat, he
only revisited the country where he had reigned,
to be. led -to military execution, and to con-
firm by his death the solidity of the system
which he sought to overthrow. It appears that
the favourable reception with which he met at
Soto la Marina, was only a snare to entrap him
and all the persons by.whom he was attended.—
Scarcely had they landed and placed themselves
unconsciously in the hands of their enemies than
he was arrested by General Garza, (who at first
bud welcomed him) and given up to the Provi-
sional Congress of the State, who ordered the
Decree issued by the Sovereign Congress Gene-
rut on.the 28th of April last, declaring him out
of the-pale of the law under whatever title he
might jiresent himself on the Mexican territory,
to be executed. The mode of execution recotn-
mended was decapitation, and he was to be al-
lowed " the. proper time to prepare himself for
death like a .Christian." But he had only three
hours granted him" for preparation, and he was
shot instead of beheaded. 64 At three in the
afternoon," says General Garza, 46 the declara-
tion conformably to the law of the 25th of April,
was delivered to Me, and at six on the same
evening it was necessary to execute it without
speeches or declarations, lest public sympathy
should interfere if it was delayed." It does not
appear however that much or any sympathy was
displayed towards the ex-Emperor. On the con-
trary, wherever the intelligence of his death pe-
netrated, we are told that public rejoicings and
illuminations took place. And indeed his death
cannot be considered as otherwise than a
na-
tional benefit ; for it has rescued the State from
the danger of civil war, and prevented those con-
tentions, which even if they had not amounted to
civil war, would have impeded the effectual col-
lection of the revenue, the consolidation of the
Government and the laws, and retarded the full
establishment and recognition of Mexican inde-
pendence. Whatever may have been Iturbide's
intentions, his enterprise was calculated to injure
the best interest, of hii country. Had he only
meant to share 'the pretended perils of the
State, he would have negociated with the Sove-
reign Congress for leave to return, instead of vio-
lating the solemn engagement which he had
contracted to live in Europe, and landing on the
Mexican coast as an invader, not a friend. His
rroclatnation was evidently intended to Conceal
his real designs, for it states nothing which could
.really justify his undertaking on the score of po.
Hay or ,patriotism. .He said that he came as a
soldier, not as-an Emperor, but had he succeeded,
we are much mistaken if lie would not have done
one of these two things—resumed the arbi-
trary sway which he had been forced to abdi-
cate, or laid the independence of Mexico pros-
trate at the feet of despotic Spain.—The intelli-
gence of this adventurer's landing, appre-
!tension, and execution, was brought yesterday
by a vessel belonging to Messrs. B. A. Goldsmid
arid Co., -and Is .contained in Mexican Journals
to the 30th of July, but principally in a Gazette
Extraoidinary of the 26th of that month, which
gives • all the official documents relative to
those events. Iturbide was shot at Padilla on
the 19th of July; and the Sovereign Congress,
pitying the situation of his wife and family settled
a pension of 8,000 dollars a year .upon the
former.

[NEW TIMES.]
We yesterday announced in a Second Edition
the official account of the death of his. Majesty
Louis /NW. which happened nt four o'clock
in the morning of Thursday the 16th inst. The
Crown consequently devolves on Charles Philip
of France, now King Charles X. who was born
at Versailes on the 9th of October 1757, and is
consequently nearly 67 yews of age. Ills son, the
Duke of Angouleme, now becomes Dauphin,
and is Heir Apparent to the Throne. Much
idle speculation relative to political changes
in France is afloat in some of our Journals ; and
the Correspondent of an Evening paper, among
other incoherent rhapsodies, talks of an Opposi-
tion headed by the Dauphin, and uniting in its
ranks M.M. de Talleyraud, Montmorency, De-
cazes, Chateaubriand, Broglie, and Labourdon-
naye. This reminds us of an old song, in which,
Moses, Homer, Judas, and Wat Tyler, are
brought together in the same stanza. These lat-
ter worthies are quite as likely to coalesce as the
former. The new King may think fit to recom-
pense the fidelity of one or two individuals who
have beets long attached to his person, by bring-

ing them into his Councils; but the Cabinet will
in all probability preserve nearly its present Con-
stitution, and, what is of more consequence to
us Englishmen, the volley of France will conti-
nue pacific. King Charles, at his age and with
his experience, cannot fail to see and appreciate
all the value of a peace which adds so much to Ow
security of his Throne, and to the pio:perity of
his subjects.

[MORNING maiti.n..l
Certain intelligence of the death of Louis the
Eighteenth arrived yesterday. He expired at
four o'clock on Thursday moruing. The Count
d'Artois is saluted King by the title of Charles
X., and the Duke and Duchess of Angouleme
are styled the Dauphin and Dauphiness. The
title of Charles X. has been already borne by the
Cardinal de Bourbon, who was set up by the
league as King of France in opposition to Henry
IV. He is not, however, admitted among the
Kings of France, though during a considerable
part of the war he enjoyed more substantial
sovereignty than Henry. No change of any im-
portance may be expected for the present—at
least conspicuously. There can be no doubt,
however, that on this occasion, so propitious to in-
trigue, the Palace and salons are in busy agita-
tion. The jealousy and hatred known to exist
between the Duchesses of Angouleme and Berri,
must rage more than ever—now that the former
has her foot on the step of the Throne—and is
likely to be Queen at no very great distance,
Charles X. is no more than one or two years
younger than his brother—and he does not ap-
pear a person of absolutely robust health. She
will, when she becomes Queen, have the mortifi-
cation to behold the SOLI of the Duchess of Berri
growing up beside her, as her husband's successor
to a throne to which she should have given an
heir. The Courtiers and Ex-ministers are no doubt
busily engaged. There are two oppositions in
France—the extreme Ultra-royalists, and the
Liberals. It is said that a sort of union has taken
place between these parties. It is not probable,
as to the two leaders of the Liberals whose names
are mentioned, viz. M. de Talleyrand and (le
Cazes—both seem shut out effectually during the
present reign. Talleyrand is hated by Charles
X. and the Duchess of Aegouleme. His only
hold was upon Louis XVIII. The Duke de
Cazes is still more odious—as The murder of the
Duke de Berri was charged upon hum, as a conse-
quence of the loose rein which he gave during
his Ministry to the Liberal and Revolutionists.
The natural chief of the latter party is the
Duke of Orleans—but he seems to stand aloof
front politics altogether. Wednesday's Paris
Papers have arrived, but contain scarcely any
news. There is in one of them, in reference to the
King's illness, a precious specimen of French cha-
racter—especially that versatility of tempera•
ment, which can pass in a breath, backwards and
forwards from enchantment to despair, and from
despair to enchantment.—" How glorious—how
holy is the agony of the most Christian King !
Monarchs of the Earth, come and learn how to
die. Sorrow is spread among the people—the
father of the family is dying—weep all—weep !
--the
etnielteiwi
rnori eon leg,
ell.
n a.op.f.pirl:lroaelettiol: lirn:af.ttritid: the
olneyotab lluet yeS,ocinos oicsfao Fit leer daonuctroe.
selves !"—This almost equals the grimarier of
the Boulevards, who laughs on one side of his
face and cries on the other at the same moment.

DIRITISH PRESS.]
)iro have received several communications on
the subject of obscene publications. The public
sense of the evil is strong. It would require
bat a little exertion to suppress it. Every pro-
secution would be attended with success. What-
ever differences of opinion may have prevailed
respecting the liberty of the press as to political
or religious questions, there has never existed a
doubt with regard to publications of the character
to which we allude. We hope and trust, there.
fore, that this shocking and growing evil
will be timely eradicated, for which purpose
the most vigorous and decisive steps should
be immediately taken. The contagion ought
not to be suffered to go on spreading vice
and misery another hour unmolested. The,
first movement of the friends of public morality
would, we are satisfied, half destroy it. Why
are they then thus supine ? Why are the inno-
cent youth of both sexes allowed a moment longer
to imbibe the poison ? Why, by the most criminal
connivance,are the depraved wretches, who thrive
by this traffic, suffered with shameless effrontery
to carry on their guilty trade at noon-day ?
While the readiest attention is paid to offences
of other descriptions, those against ntliials are pass-
ed over, as if unworthy of notice. We have no
doubt, however, that of the unhappy end aban-
doned outcasts from society who throng our
streets, a large proportion were drawn to their
ruin by means of these indecent publications.
The heart is generally corrupted before the sedu-
cer triumphs over the victim of his licentious pas-
sions ; and no mode of undermining the moral
principles of youth is so fatally successful as the
supply of works tending to inflate- and vitiate the
imagination. In the same manner, boys are led
gradually, but not slowly, into the lowest depths
of vice. No language can express the indignation
and horror with which we contemplate the progress
of this nauseous and revolting evil. We know of
none that deserves more serious consideration.—
Ifovv is it that the police have overlooked the
growth of this infamous trade ? It falls peculi-
arly within their province, and without any sug-
gestion or information, they should have proceed-
ed at once against the venders of these pamph.
lets. The fact is singular enough, that the shops
most conspicuous for their outrages on public de.
cency are in the immediate vicinity of the chief
police establishment of the metropolis. We ask
again, where is the Society for the Suppression of
Vice ?

On Wednesday the Bth instant, an appalling
accident happened at Newark, to a boy, eight years of age, a
son of the widdow itinuEars. While in his mother's turn.
ing-shop, he was unfortunately drawn into the machine, and
had one thigh fractured in two places, the cap of the other knee
completely crushed, one arm dislocated, and the scalp taken off.
In this eicruciating, state he still exists, with very little hope of
recnvery,...(Stampord Mercury.)