The Sun.
London, England, 1841-08-03 00:00:00

LONDON, TUEsDAY4 AUGUST 3, 1841.

A MTNTED in One, or Several Sums, SIX
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for Six More at the option of the lender. Seven par cent, in-
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Address to C. C., at Messrs. Wilkinson's, Laic Stationers,
Coleman-street, City.

REPEAL MEETINGS IN LONDON

It is well known that we have never advocated a Repea
of the Legislative Union between this and the sister
Kingdom but yet so rapidly is that measure peegres-
sing, so numetotis ere the meetings in favour of it, and
so fast are its adherents Incite§lng in London, as well as
throughout the various other cities and towns of Eng-
land, ever since the public has become ahtfitial by
the approaching advent of the Tories to power—that w e
deem it right to give our readers some idea of the orga-
nization of the Repeal body in this metropolis, and the
encouragement they are now receiving in every district
of it. We have ascertained that in the course of the
week jusepast, the following meetings in favour of Repeal
have been holden in London :—Farringdon, Aldersgate-
street, London Bridge, Farringdon Auxiliary, St. Jame es,
Lincoln's Inn-Fields, Marylebone, Westminster, Ken-
sington, Lambeth ; end in addition to these, already es-
tablished, new branches of the Repeal body have been
opened in the following districts, and all in the course of
one week :—lslington, Whitechapel, St. John's Wood,
St. Pancras, and Chelsea. We would not be justified in
concealing from our readers that Repeal is now becoming
a question of importance. The London Political Insti-
tute is to discuss, on next Wednesday evening, the policy
of Mr. O'Connell as regards the Repeal question. 0:
the ninny meetings held on the subject last week, we give
a report of that convened at Chelsea. The chair was
filled by Mr. O'Sullivan, and upwards of thirty members
were enrolled. After the enrolling of members and other
preliminary business was disposed of,
-The CnAIRMAN rose ami said, he felt happy and
proud to have the honour of introducing to them Mr.
O'Mahoney.—(Cheers.) No man had done so much for
the advancement of Repeal in London as that Learned
Gentleman, who would now address them ; and as he
(the Chairman) knew they all felt such a desire to hear
him, he would not think of delaying them by any obser•
vations of his own.
Mr. CYMAIIONEY then rose amidst loud and protracted
cheering. He said, that frequently as he had addressed
bodies of the Repealers in London, and great as was the
happiness which he invariably.derived from meeting his
brother Repealers, yer ckithe experience a delight,
up+lartls that he roTY. Telt on addressing-1P honest
men of Chelsea.—(Cheers.) There was one simple fact
which he was desirous the Tories should know, and the
sooner it was communicated to them the better. It was
the following :—Previous to the late dissolution of Par-
fitment, so apathetic were the Repealers of London, that
their weekly meetings were but poorly attended,—few
the branches were getting any considerable increase to
their numbers, and no less than three of them had ac-
tually died away for want of the trifling exertion neces-
sary in order to sustain them. But how stood the case
at present ? It was widely altered,—it was completely
reversed.—(Loud cheers.) Yes, the very idea of the
Tories succeeding to power has already had the salutary
effect of arousing the friends of Ireland, and the enemies
of Tory misrule, from the lethargic state into which
they had lapsed. The Repealers of London are adding
to their numbers by the hundred. Each district is emu-
lating the neighbouring one, to see which shall have the
greatest increase. Nobody how dreams of any of the
established branches becoming defunct, but, on the con-
trary, we have a dozen of new ones about to start into
immediate existence.—(lmmense cheering.) Every night
this week, he (Mr. O'Mahony) hoped to be engaged in
opening a new branch. He need not tell them where he
was opening the branch to-night. On Tuesday even-
ing, he hoped to open a branch at Whitechapel ; on
Wednesday evening he was to be at the opening of
another at Islington ; - on Thursday evening, another
new branch at St. John's Wood ; and on Friday he was
to be in Ireland, and he was on that day to open a branch
in the heart of St. Giles's.—(Loud cheers.) Oh ! he
sincerely wished that the leading men amongst the
Tories had heard that spontaneous cheer. It would
ge farther to convince them of the difficulty they will
have in governing Ireland, than the most eloquent
speeches that could be addressed to them on the subject.
That generous cheer which was elicited from the meet-
ing by simply laying before them the rapid progress of
Repeal, convinced him that better days are yet in store
for Ireland--that her sons and her friends are still de-
voted to her cause, and that the hefeditary enemies of
human liberty, who arc now about to assume the reins of
power, have just cause to tremble at their formidable op-
poSition.—(Cheers.) But he (Mr. O'Mahoney) should;
perhaps, be told, that the Tories coming into power
with a majority of seventy, cared not for the numerical
strength of the Repealers and the other friends of Ire-
land. The Tories, who arc practised dissemblers, might
pretend that they disregarded their numerical strength ;
the organ of that base faction, the weathercock Times,
Might still continue to apply the epithet " Ruffian " to,
the most virtuous portion of the Irish people ; but yet
those insolent despots and -their Billingsgate organ,
whatever be .their outward appearance, inwardly trem-
ble when they. reflect on the unpurchasable virtue and
undying patriotism of the Irish millions. Would any
man in these three kingdOms contradict him when he
asserted that the Duke of Wellington possessed as
much strength of nerve as Sir Robert Peel ?—(Laugh-
ter.) Well, though ridiculous the comparison, and
though many might think it resembled that instituted
between the lion and the jackass, vet the only
aougut tor • was, teat Wipe Luxe otessL,al;
had as much moral and animal courage as Sir Irob-eit
Peel.—(Hear.) They were all aware that the Duke,
only twelve short years ago, when at the head of the
unable to hold the To: y reins of power, nd declared
public affairs of this ea I)re, felt so nervous that he was
that it had become matter of absolute necessity for
him to surrender to le united people of Ireland that
right of entrancet); !. British Constitution which they
had long demanded r 1 e icore,of justice, but which the
Gallant Duke and his party shamefully quailed through
the degrading influence of fear. Now, when the victor of
Waterloo, the hero of a hundred fights, quailed before the
united majority of the Irish people, does there live the man
so blind as not to see that Peel must at once tremble on
coming into opposition with them?—(Hear.) But per-
haps he should be told that the Irish people have changed
since the year 1829. True, they have changed ; but
it
is, thank God, a change for the better which has come
over them. What made the Tory reins to tremble in
the hands of the Tory Duke in the year 1828, was, that
one hundred thousand men came into the town of Ennis
in the morning and left it quietly in the evening, without
tasting spirituous liquors, and continued to do so for three
days.—(Hear.) Now, if the fact of one hundred
thousand men having exhibited sufficient moral resolu-
tion to abstain from spirituous liquors for three short
days proved sufficient to strike terror into the heart of
the Duke of Wellington, what, he would ask, was to be-
come of the unfortunate Peel, when he should find him-
self dealing, not with one hundred thousand men pledged
to abstinence for three days, but with five millions of
people joined in one great moral association, and pledged
against intoxicating drinks for the entire period of their
lives ?,,--(Applause.) Oh ! the calumniated Irish people
exhibit virtues superior to those of any others in the
world. They are calumniated by the Tory press, and
by all Tory hirelings, solely because they are too virtu-
ous to be purchased, and cannot be converted into in-
struments for effecting the wicked purposes of that trucu-
lent faction.—(Cheers.) He (Mr. O'Mahony) would tell
them one of the nicest distinctions imaginable, which
was drawn by the Times within the last few days, and
which shows the true cause why they who follow an,
upright and patriotic course never fail to bring down upon
themselves the vengeance of the foul Tory press.—
(Hear.) Mark this exquisitely drawn distinction. The
Times, in one of its leading articles of the week • just
past, when speaking of those base Catholics, for whom
the very smell of the pottage has proved too tempting
an allurement, and who, at the sacrifice of their princi-
ples, and in opposition to the dictates of theirconsciences,
voted for the Tories, when speaking of these self-degraded
persons, the Times calls them " Roman Catholic gentle-
men." But when it comes to speak of those honest voters
who felt they had a country, and owed it a duty—who felt
they had consciences, the dictates of which they were
hound to respect ; and who have proved themselves su-
perior to all the seductive arts, tyrannical menaces, and
proferred bribes of the corrupt Tory party, how, lie
asked, did the Times designate these men ? Did it call
them " Roman Catholic gentlemen ?" Oh, no ; but it
applies to them the abusive anal insulting epithet of
" Popish ruffians."—(Cries of " Oh, oh.") Yes, here is
the exquisite distinction of the venal Times. Those
wretched creatures who vote—as the 'Times writes—
contrary to their well-known and long-avowed principles
—who sacrifice conscience at the shrine of pelf—who
sell their country, betray the best interests of the empire,
risk the stability of the Throne, and deliver up our pa-
triotic and virtuous Sovereign into the hands of her dead-
liest foes,--those spiritless, wriggling, and loathsome
animals are, forsooth, " Catholic gentlemen ;" but they
who have not marketable consciences—who are proof
against the threats of tyrants—who spurn Carlton gold,
and prefer to everything earthly the retention of that un-
sullied virtue derived from their fathers—these men are,
according to the Times, " Popish ruffians." .Oh, then,
if the Times be the dictionary consulted for the meaning
of terms, may I (exclaimed Mr. O'Mahoney) live and die
a " Popish ruffian," and never
.disgrace my country by
becoming a " Catholic gentleman."—(Cheers.) Now,
as he had been talking to them about the •Tory Press,
he would whisper one little fact in their ears, namely—
the Times and Standard are already quarrelling.—
(Laughter.) How it always pleases honest men to hear
of rogues falling out they laughed at that as if it au-
gured something good. Well, as that pleased them, lie
would whisper another little fact. It was this—the 77 mes
was quarrelling with itself.—(Cheers.) He had laid by
two copies of the Times, which he purpOsed preserving,
in order to exhibit them hereafter as literarcuriosities
in their way.—(Laughter.) They are the 7 imes of last
Monday and the Times of last Saturday.—(Loud
cries of. e Hear, hear.") The Times of last Monday,
first gives, in its leading article, a partial account of
the excitement that prevailed in some parts of Ireland
during the recent elections, keeping out of view as a
matter of course, the provocation given by the murderous
deeds of the Orange assassins ; and then, after giving
its garbled and partial statement of the case, it promises
to follow iti up—for what purpose did they suppose ?
"
Why, for the purpose of showing that the Irish people
tnheivse linet") of distinction
should not be put on an equality with the English.—
(Loud cries of Hear, hear.) Would they bear with
that ? 'Would they bear to be longer classed as
Tories,
as in-
feriorsTthoees,
then, ofwe r
eErnegs Englishmen.--("
m e
ton Igo,perpetuate no
. `
between English and Irishmen. Would they whom he
addressed submit to it ?-4" No, we'll die first.") Would
j the hoitest Z10,612111°11 whO were in fl'e-4 ineotitis lend

CLERICAL, MEDICAL, and GENERAL
LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICE,

No. 78, GREAT RUSSELL-STREET, BLOOMSBURY.
Notice is hereby given, That a DIVIDEND of FIVE PER
CENT. on the SHARES of the SOCIETY will be PAY-
ABLE on and after the 20th day of August inst.
By order of t
_he Board of Directors,
______

GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.
August 2.

ATIONAL LOAN FUND SOCIETY
FOR. GRANTING
LIFE ASSURANCES, DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &c.

No. 26, CORNHILL.
Capital 1'500,000.
Empowered by Act'of Pari.ament.
El RECTORS.
T. LArilIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman.
J. Elliottion, M.D., F.lt.S. I John Rawson, Esq.
John Griffith Frith, Esq. Jehn Riddell Stodart, Esq.
Hunter Gordon, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq.
George Lungley, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq.

A (1 r.IToRs.

Professor Wheatstone, F. ii:g: jProfessor Graves, A.M. F. R.S.

ACTif RY—W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.ll. A. S
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LIFE ASSURANCE.

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The annexed is a short Table, showing the Annual Premium
for assuring R, WO on the Whole Life, or for a Term :

FOR LIFE.
• A. B.
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20 113 7 1 17 4 ! 017 0 017 6
30244293 0 19 6 1 0 0
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50 4 4 2 4 13 6 1 13 0 1 16 6
60 613 6 7 8 4 3 0 0 3 9 6
Two-thirds of Profits divided annually amongst tho Assured.

• 'heir eselieeenenee or support to a factiod Wistee object was no friend to the Tories, but was alive to the wants
.vas to perpetuaiZ' arissottons, and thereby preee and and interests of Ireland.
engender feuds and animosliAse in the State ?—(Crisse of Mr. O'Mahoney concluded his speech amid rapturous
" No, no.") As they had given 11:Se that promise, lie and repeated applauSe.
would then appeal to them, and as there re* but ote'
:nurse left whereby to put a period to those mischltious
distinctions, he steed, would they follow him in adopting
that course ? Would they join with him for a Repeal of
the Union ?-- (Cries of "We will, we will.") Oh, how
would wish that the in-coming Toile* had heard the
response glees. to his appeal. It would strike terror into
their hearts, thoitgh humanity can find no abode there.
But who did they suppme the Times had chosen as ob-
jects of abuse for Saturday 'e testiele ? Was it the Irish
people ? No. - Who then did they think ? Would the.
meeting believe it ? Why the Times of Saturday de-
voted its leading Miele to abusing- the Tories. It said
that the Tories were resisted down beneath an accumnla •
tion of vices, that they became tainted with those
vices, whilst they were the domineering faction in
the State.---(Laughter.) But that is not all the Times
says about the Tory Lords and the Tory Reverends of
England. Hear what it so insultingly compares them
to. The Times actually compares the Tories of. the three
kingdoms to a mouldy crust.—(Continued laughter.)
They were, says Saturday's Times, speeng of the
Tories before the Emancipation Bill, but a ere "crust,"
which was shivered into atoms by the first thun-
derbolt that passed through the political atmosphere.
Well, after cooking all the unfortunate Tories in
this manner, what does the Times say in order to
lull the fears of the people. and reconcile them to
their new tyrants ? It says that it is only a flock of
Conservatives that they will now have to protect them-
' selves from.—(Groans.) This reminded him (Mr.
()Mahoney) of the time when the Orangemen got ashamed
of their name in Ireland, and changed it to that of Bruns-
wickers.—(Hear, and laughter.) When parties begin
1 changing names, it is like sick people changing beds—
always a sign of approaching death.—(Laughter.)
The poar Brunewiekers did not live long, and they dis-
appeared so suddenly that they must have all died of a
galloping consumption.—(Laughter.) When the Brims-
, wickers first started into existence—(A voice, " But
they are all dead now")—very well if they are, peace to
their ashes, and may the ghost of one of them never tor-
ment you 1 Well, when the Brunswickers first rose np
in [rebind, he (Mr. O'Mahoney) remembered that O'Con-
nell said they were the old Orangemen still, and desired the
people not to be misled by them, for that they had only
changed their name; whilst they retained their rancour.
But Mr. O'Connell was not satisfied with simply telling
the people this fact. He looked for an appropriate simile
whereby to make•4ts truth the more obvious to them, and
he (Mr. °Mahoney) need not remark that O'Connell
soon found one that fitted exactly.—(Hear.) Ile said
the Orangemen had Only" changed their name, just as a
mars turns a shabby coat, for
ti,:i purpose of deceiving his
neighbours. For, although it ina
when turned, de-
ceive the unobservant, who do not take the trouble of
examining it ; yet let any one look to the ins Lie as well
as that lately put out, and he will find that it is the same
old coat all the while.—(Loud laughter and cheering.;
So it is, (resumed Mr. °Mahoney) with the Conser-
vatives of the present day. They slyly, change their
name, that they may the more effectually deceive the
people ; but the turning of the old Tory coat will not do
for the deceitful Conservatives. The people will examine
them, they will look to both sides; if the Conservatives
now put the wrong side out, the people will look to the
side that has been turned in, and having inspected both
sides they will find that it is only the shabby old Tory
cost still.—(Cheers.)
.Yes, the people of these 'kingdoms
are now too wise to be imposed upon by such a peddling
trick as that just resorted to by Sir Robert Peel, who
has stayed from the Continent this whole season, for the
purpose of turning the old Tory coat, which has grown
too shabby for the Duke of Wellington to wear any
lon ser. The people, on closely examining the Conser-
vatives, will find they are Tories at the back-bone and
in heart—mere cheats, the more dangerous, because not
manly enough to avow their real sentiments—creatures
whose only policy is to yield to expedience, what they
deny to justice. Such wretched, jobbing, turning, twist-
ing, yet venomous reptiles as these cannot be tolerated as
the governors of men whose highest object in enjoying
life, is, that they may sacrifice it, if necessary, in de-
fending their liberties. With Peel advancing at the
head of his murmuring and rebellious followers, dressed
in his turned coat, with the Conservative side out and
the Tory side in, and Scorpion Stanley besmearing it
with venomous froth, will the people of Ireland allow
their rights to be snatched from them, and their fran-
chises to be annihilated ?—(Loud cries of " No, no,"
" We'll die first.") He (Mr. O'Mahoney) set as much
value on his life as any man ' •
_he_ knew lifd was the
greatest gift bestowed on mortals by the munificent hand
of Providence, but yet he declared that if Stanley's Bill
were to pass, and the Etnanciqation Act become endan-
gered, as it then necessarily should, he would not only
conceive it justifiable in him to risk his life, but lie ,
would feel it to be his duty to sacrifice life itself rather
than submit to be robbed of the political privileges
which he now enjoyed under the British Con-
stitution.—(This announcement was followed by a loud
and sudden burst of applause.) Let the Tories then know
that such were the feelings, such the deliberate opinions,
not of hundreds only, but of hundreds of thousands of the
ititkkegi?ss--,-;13,1*Ipl. When he (Mr. O'Masitel,4)
mart.
lie but snolte the feeling of those he was addressing ; and
when they responded to that sentiment with so hearty a
cheer, they only displayed the feelings which actuated
millions of their fellow-countrymen at the other side of
the Channel.—(Continued cheering.) The present was
not the time for milk-and-water politicians. What Ire-
land now wanted was men of nerve to devote themselves
to her cause, and, thank God, she had them amongst her
own sons. This he wished the Tories to know.—(Cheers.)
Where they afraid of the Tories ?—(Cries of " No, no.")
They were not. Irishmen, strong in the justice of their
cause, and firm in their hope that God would.never
desert them in their struggle to raise their country to
what he intended she should be, knew not what it was to
fear the Tories, when coming to rob them of their con-
stitutional rights.—(Cheers.) He would tell them what
passed between au Irish Catholic Prelate and a country
farmer, when talking on this subject.—(Hear. •hear.)
The farmer thus addressed the Bishop : "My Lord, is
not Scorpion Stanley going to rob us of our votes ?"
"He wilt, if he can," answered the Bishop. " Ave, if
he can, my Lord," repeated the Irish farmer. "And-
when lie and the English Parliament rob us of our votes,
my Lord, is not he then going to take away the Eman-
cipation from us ?" " That he will do too," answered
the Bishop. " And when he takes away our votes and
robs us of the Emancipation, I suppose he'll then drive
us into the sea," added the countryman. " Ah' may be
;
he will." "But, my Lord; 'tis only may be so for when
it comes to that, two can play at it, and may be he and his
party would find themselves deep in the water, when
Irishmen would still be onthe dry land.':—(Cheers.) This
conversation was told him (Mr. O'Mahoney) by the
Bishop himself at his own table, and it shows how deeply
the sense of the injustice done them has sunk into the
hearts of the Irish peasantry. There is one way still
left of defeating Stanley and his myrmidons—there is one
course still open whereby to save Irishmen from coining
into open collision with their enemies—and that is by
all who hate despotism and anarchy, and who love race,
order, and liberty, coming forward in time, and joining in
our constitutional demand for a Repeal of the Legislative
Union.—(Loud cheers.) The aristocracy of England,
who never see danger till they are driven to the verge of
the precipice, may sneer at the exertions now made in the
cause of Repeal; but so surely as Irishmen did the duty
they owed to themselves, their country, and the cause of
universal liberty, so surely would they succeed, and that
sooner than most men imagined, in effectuating a repeal
of the accursed and pauperising Act of Union.—(Hear,
hear.) Two things only were required in order to ensure
a repeal of that iniquitous Act—they were, first, perfect
unity amongst Irishmen and the friends of Ireland; and
steondly, fixed determination. Let Irishmen and Ire-
land's friends et once form themselves into one indisso-
ble union, and then, when united in one compact body,
subject to one leader, guided by one head, actuated by
one impulse, let them next convey to the British Parlia-
ment this simple fact:—" There are six millions of Bri-
tish subjects, composed of English, Irish, and Scotch;
and one million of men, the subjects of foreign powers,
but who narrowly watch all British movements, and these
combined millions wish for a Repeal of the Legislative
Union between England and Ireland." Let this exten-
sive union, he repeated, be once formed, and this wish be
determinedly expressed, and that moment the aristocrats
of England, whether Whig or Tory, would yield, be-
cause they should yield what was required by the demand
of united millions.—(Cheers.) Let no man, then, exhibit
his shallowness of intellect and narrowness of mind by
ridiculously asserting that the Repeal of the Union is un-
attainable; for, in order to accomplish it, it is only ne-
cessary that we, who are Repealers, do our duty, exert
our influence, gather others around us, who will do like-
wise in their turn ; that we preserve order, respect the
laws, obey the constituted authorities, and that we may
every day give some additional roof of the love we bear
our country and our Queen.—{Cheers.) Mr. O'Mahoney
went on to argue the facility with which Repeal would
be obtained provided each man did his duty. He in-
stanced the case of an Englishman, Mr. Wood, of Lam,
beth, who, after he (Mr. 011.) had adduced some argu-
ments that were considered as well calculated to show
Englishmen that they themselves would derive advan-
tages from Repeal, came forward and said, that being now
convinced of the justice of Repeal,
result to the entire empire from it, he would not only be-
come a Repealer himself, but promised that on thst night
week he would bring twenty others, and that they should
be twenty Englishmen. Here was an unit at once magnified
O'Mahoney)
ne y admittedwanted that
(t).
into a score, and provided that each of the twenty new mem-
eboluetryone thing was cer-
(afilleasra.l)v
tiers should do the seine as Mr. WoOd, the one would, in
and they
c counting.-(Hear.)
i
a single fortnight, have increased to 400. Again, suppose
each of the four hundred brought tuninatny
lovtihwersg,ahinoeisd-
man
giiseo7 would
el
ed
tol be
Ireland ort h;
wenty
beyondw•oul
what
s,euh.xleat
leom weekcalculation
rt;.
proud of it, as having thereby
tradirannohilnoni\se,r
eh, testahirsieelpinopoi:ostuihn.mt
causeeeerp e
le
what might he done by the well-directed exertions of a
single individual, lie hoped that every man present would
resolve to imitate the noble example set them by Mr.
King and Mr. Wood, of Lambeth, two Englishmen, who
brought forward twenty new members each ; that every
man would use his influence with his friends, neighbours,
and acquaintaucee, and give proof on that night week,
b., the new mepibe;sie woplii bring with biro, that he
. . .

CITY OF LONDON BURIALS.

" HOMINEM MORTUUM IN LIEBE NE SEPELITO."
Roman Law in the Twelve Tables.

" Mr. Anderten, at a Court of Common Council held in
the City on Thursday last, said that he rose to submit a mo-
tion of importance to both rich and poor. He was able to show
that there were the most unanswerable arguments for applying
to the Legislature to prevent the sepulture of the dead in future
in the City of London, the only great city in the world, he be-
lieved, in which the practice was permitted.—( Hear, and cries
of Refer it at once to a Committee.') Mr. Anderton imme-
diately thereupon made a motion to that effect, which was car-
ried by the Court unanimsusly."—See Sun, Friday, July 30.

e in
n
aomt.
most
otsi
lieves Eadrgireens en
cityoda
ft
otlauthornlnest
their
never
oecafradsi te) 1r:
sloe,
hikt
teguhrpeat
oh/
wallstMonumentseel
oh,reeprecinctsalot lhdi healthiness
eenss
apart a chapter especially, to show that the oldest and
hin
n
s
or salubrity of their own living quarters, by interment
,rewnhoof mligightt,
eboanr
Ibpaarri ca
tiaysotyaneeyao\uv
ouroseblev
ensiassetrhe
,an ehni ide
From the above quoted author, and other sources, we
shall succinctly, lay an account of these cities before our
readers, which, will of themselves bear silent testimony
that the ancient Pagan of every region upon earth has
been wise enough to know that burial-places in the
neighbourhood of the living are a worse than national
evil ; and that they looked upon them, even in the crude
state of their physics, as the originators of every noisome-
ness and pestilence ; while they clearly understood that
the necessity for'the entire removal of the dead from the
immediate proximity of the living was founded upon
the dangers which arise from the invariable foetid exha-
lations of animal decomposition.
The dusk shades of the past present us with, first,
the great Misraimitic branch of the Noachian family—
the sage and wise Egyptians ; and then, in order due,
others that acted likewise with themselves. Great as
was the veneration of the Egyptians for the 'ashes of
their ancestors, amountinr, almost to adoration, and
though they embalmed them with myrrh and spice, yet
so fearful were they of the contaminative nature of any-
thing that had passed into death or corruptibility, that
from every wall and every city they peremptorily ex-
cluded those very ashes, while the places which had
been consecrated for ordinary burials were destined to
receive the urns. Their soldiers were from time to time
employed in constructing subterranean cavities at a dis-
tance from the city; and the influence of their laws, na-
ture. and religion, was always exerted to separate the
deed from the living.
Second in the category of the great cities who
adopted this practice, were the Jews.' The cave of He-
bron, and other pieces situated in open deserts and un-
inhabitated placeff•
contained in themselves the bodies
of the first women of the post-diluvian period, with the
eiant patriarchs themselve.s. There was Abraham hu-
rieu ; there Isaac, Leah, end Rebecca, The road-side
from Seeesalem to Ephratah ser eed as the wide-removed
.elites were still
burial-place of her whom history k.:lows as " the beau-
tiful mother of Israel." Even whel: groaning under
Egyptian thraldom, the burials of the Ism.
in remote and distant spots ; the valley 0f11,.'41) mourned
over Moses himself, and the vine and the lit: on the
mountains of Ephraim, bewailed the burials of. Joshua
and Elmer.
This dread of propinquity in any shape to the cie."ll,
took on itself a heightened form when the Hebrew multi-'
tudes coalesced in the Land of Promise. Law then made
it peremptory that tobury the dead in the houses of indi-
vithials was to render them utterly unclean. Nay, so
formidably did they dread any intercommunication with
the departed body that travellers were even' forbade to
walk upon places where they were buried, and the white
cenotaph, or pillar, served equally as a warning beacon
as, in a minor point of view, for a memorial. The
great valley of Jehnshaphat, stretched out in gloomy
grandeur, as the Valley of Tombs ; and the word Ge-
henna deduces its origin from that continual fire, which
burned perpetually in the ditch of Tophet, or vale of
Hinnom, to consume the dead, and other filths of the
city. Every city had, moreover, its public cemetery out
of the walls. The grand public cemetery of Jerusalem
itself was out in the valley of liedron,tand the burial-
spot for strangers, the Potter's Field, cldsely adjoined it.
After the primitive custom of cremation by fire gra-
dually grew disused among the Greeks, their legislators
made it the chief pointi in their code to abolish, ultra-
?with:, the dead. Cecrops, at Athens, wished the
dead to be inhumed without the city. Inviola-
ble rule was this also, in Thebes, Sicyon, Macedon; •
and the Chersonese. Plato, in his republic, would not
even perthit inhumation in fields fit for tillage : he re-
served for that purpose, dry, arid, and desolate grounds,
which were available to no other use. He who violated
this rule was cursed with maledictions, and, in a word,
the whole religious doctrine of the Greeks, tended only
powerfully to support the laws which directed the bodies
of the dead to be removed far away from the living.
Rome is not behind in her authorities. On the top of
Mount Janiculum, in her first days, Numa rested his
penue..,i Vntint, bei po
m! then_within the
'4Ol- Between -raw 'shy and sun--• •
the Campus Martins. The imperative voice of the
Twelve Tables further corroborated this law. " Hominem
mortuum in urbe ne sepelito neve urito" was as mighty
as a Mosaic commandment; nor was it less uncondition-
ally obeyed. The highways were alone the burial-spots
of the noblest families, and when in later times popula-
tion grew more numerous, Adrian prohibited, anew, in-
humation in cities, and Antoninus Pius, in his rescripts,
included even the suburbs of the empire.
It is at this point—the sun-dawn of Christianity—that
the custom first began to be disregarded. Death, at this
period, became invested with a holy loveliness, and the
saints and martyrs who expired in its cause, were sup-
posed to breathe from their bodies the odour of sanctity,
and to invest all precincts with a celestial perfume.
Raimented, as their souls were supposed to be, in the
beauty of holiness—and plenished with the sweet influ-
ences of the divine Spirit—their bodies were looked upon,
not in the light of bestiality and corruption, but as sanc-
tified and imperishable, and, by reason of intense self-
mortification and penance, to have been fitted to
shine before the Throne of crystal, and to stand beside
the chasteness of the Holy Son on high. Converted
thus, into an object of love and appreciation, the practice
of shrining them in cathedrals, churches, and consecrated
grounds began. This at first was in a certain degree in-
offensive an innocent ; the noxious effects were dimi-
nighed by reason of the unfrequency of the occurrence,
and they partook, as yet, of nothing of that fearful viru-
lence which has taken place, like a crying plague, in our
modern towns and cities. •
Under the Ereperors Gratian, Valentine, and Theo-
dosius the Great, the practice f intrusion into towns
and cities, was, for the reasons above cited, becoming
universal ; till it had grown to such enormity, as called
for the famous Theodosinn code to be partly constituted
for the sake of its annihilation. The clauses of the law
which in particular relate to this circumstance exjress
themselves as designed to prevent the infection of the
atmosphere which so many funerals necessarily occa-
sioned. Theodosius sternly forbade the interment of the
dead in the interior of the cities, and, what was stronger
still, ordered that the bodies, even with every urn and
monument which was in the city of Rome, should be
summarily carried without the walls. This decree was
fulfilled to the letter throughout the whole Roman

empire.
The Christian churches however, had by this period,
found that burials within their precincts, were a source of
rich and invaluable income, anal the llarpagons of the reli-
gious orders rather encouraged than resisted the en-
croachment.
interment
Nevertheless the Council of Bracar (An. Christi 563)
published their celebrated canon, by which not only
interment in churches was prohibited, but cities had
over
and
even the right to prevent any individual from being
buried within their walls.
Among
rrh
eth;arxlnioadmeernntss statutes u ;ais againsthave,s
churches and towns, there arc " numbers without num-
ber."r

o‘evirheuemrssatafnegueesa.r.dsßouft
again, prohibited the custom ; and the records of the
tiine are eternally speaking of the noisome and sickly
influencetr
iet s.
Theset‘% ra.as whichng restrictivesetchafc'
scarcely
l yi exercisednbaesecl believed
esen,e
de
science
havent
ti the
hmeatot
n. t surrounding
icsiealqda‘e,withinencadaveric
icy
teehrcreated
aadltnaiesas(i-t
health.
destroy life instantly, or give rise to various kinds
whose effects depend Upon the concentration
those
stieresmyapoasaietnisyo
poison,
cemeteriesor
otherwhich
accidental
are
ctootiehffonledinttthsdlirect and indirect effects of the churchyard are new
somewhat better understood. Eminent men, both in
have
o'
ar i
sia, :incase: adynuadcueldtvaults,
ha England,nedm co hshtuarf have
in-
vestigation, and unequivocally determine, while they
eihgyg; iiatvrfdeun:. upinstances
instances
time
in support
i no;
the fact, that the deadliest virus which can come upon
the living, is that of poisonous gases perfiated from
Nearly all the London churchyards and churches are
r
filled with dead bodies ; they have been travelled over
and ever again by the sexton's spade ; 1,000 graves
the
rated with " human putrescence, and permeated
clreadfully
ascending vapours, and these vapours
are
etantaneously
opened every week in the metropolis • the earthivsbe,artu-
mephitic, and, in certain circumstances,si
is
45
per cent.
fatal. The mortality of the reetropetb
directly traced to.,
although no death or epidemic can
be little doubt, 9,S an
higher than the mortality of the coibuei
the churchyards, yet there cannot s
himself,
that a part
eminent medical authority expressete
their concentrated
of the excessive mortality is
dueeases, o'.* a violent ty-
exhalations, and fevers, in most
and terrific results.
'Maid nature, are the immediate
of the past year, 1840,
commencement Hard upon the in Graveyards" gave to the
the author of " Gleanings
practical experience, after investi-
gation districts ; and
world the result of his
again taken up this subject in
polis, and as the City has
or,
for the further rectifica-
a warm and positive manner,
and accurate recitation of
tion of the evil, a con :lensed 1
eof the London churchyards will
the then infamous
readerstate
of
what the generality of them
tend to apprise the
"A and from these few he may gather
burial-grounds in the metro-
,stern, and judge of the very
the enormity enormity of the
a)uarters, more central in the City,
wer eato f
thatsompee
n of
_ths e chief
ful extent in other
which have not yet beengtbe east The back window of the houses
Pid9 of this
on • lane look into a burying-ground,
CLE3IgNI'S-LANE. under examination.