The Sun.
London, England, 1847-02-11 00:00:00

ECONOMICAL COOKERY.

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THE POOR MAN'S SOUP, OR SOUP FOR THE

MILLION.

In this season of unexampled distress in Ireland, my
attention has been anxiously directed to effect an object
which appears to me to be of some importance, namely,
that of making a good nourishing soup at a very cheap
rate; and, if the opinion of numbers may be trusted, I
have the satisfaction to know that my efforts have been
successful, and that a wholesome and nutritious soup can
be made at an expense of about twopence fur each
gallon, or one halfpenny per quart, even at the present
high prices of the articles of which it is composed. One
quart of this soup, with a slice of good bons' hold bread,
would form no despicable meal. This soup is of the sim
plest kind, an I is so easily managed that a child ( an pre-
pare it—its ingredients are in common use, arid of ac-
knowledged value as articles of food--it requires little
time and fuel, and is nearly as soon made as a pot of
potatoes is boiled, and will keep perfectly good several
days, if required. I have used it myself—l have given
it to my children—we all like it. I have also dispensed
it to a number of persons, who have expressed their ap-
probation of it.
This soup would, in my opinion, add a comfort to the
cabin in ordinary seasons, even when the potato was
abundant;
.but the loss of this vegetable, and the conse-
quent scarcity, will, if I mistake not, materially enhance
its value. This soup is composed of Swedish turnips
(grated), barley ground whole with all the bran, pepper,
salt, and water.
Estimate of the expense of one gallon of the soup, and
the method of making it:-
2 lbr.. grated turnip
} I id.
,} lb. of barley meal, ground whole with the bran
Pepperand salt ..........................................

4 quarts of water —2d.
Add the grated turnip and meal to the cold water in
the pot over the fire, well mix the whole, stir occa-
sionally, and boil for about thirty minutes; a little more
time may be necessary, if the turnip is of inferior qua-
, lity; season with salt and pepper; the turnip is nearly
as easily grated as cut into small pieces. Strong graters
made at my suggestion can be had at Mr. Daniel's,
Grafton-street, and Mr. Maguire s, Dawson-street, for
sixpence each. One grater, if required, would answer
for two or three families. The turnip can be readily
grated by small children, and will keep good in this state
for a number of days. Mechanics in very remote or
poor districts could make their own graters. A sheet of
strong tin plate, sufficient for two graters, would cost
only threepence. It is, perhaps, scarcely necessary to
add, that the soup would be improved in flavour by onions
or shallot, &c., cut small, and that it would be rendered
more nutritious by bruised bones, a bit of meat, a little
fresh or salt fish, &c., but any such additions would of
course increase its price. Oatmeal, too, or pottneal,
might be substituted for the meal I have stated, but those
substances are much more expensive.
EDMUND DAVY, Prof. Chem. R.D.S.

A rumour which was current yesterday, to the
effect that Ministers intended to give a qualified support to
the Bill of Lord George Bentinck, is, we understand, wholly
without foundation. We have no doubt it will receive the
strenuous opposition of the Government.—annticle.

THE SPANISH MARRIAGES.
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN M. GUIZOT
AND COUNT BRESSON. -
COUNT BRESSON TO M. GUIZOT.
(Private—Extract.) ialrid, Oct. 8, 1846.
I have not shown to any one, not even to 111-. Isturitz, the
dispatch of Lord Palmerston (1 the 19th July. That dispatch
being known, by means of which I am ignorant, I did not
make use of any silly affectation to lead to an idea that I
knew nothing of it ; I merely said that no one had known it
from me. You may affirm these differents points to Lord
Palmerston.

COUNT BRESSON TO M. GUIZOT.
(Private.) a.iri.i. Aug. 2F. 184 G.
I have been obliged to contend during the whole day with
the Queen-Mother, Isturitz, and Pidal, to maintain the inser-
tion of the words autant roue faire se pourra, which constitutes
our liberty of action. I was obliged to go so far as to state
that I would not sign if this was not conceded. The Queen-
Mother was of opinion that the celebration of the two mar-
riages should take place on th,. 20, ). of next month, and that
the Duke de Montpensier would be here by that time. I
pointed out that that was an impossibility, and I declared
that the announcement and celebration must remain sus•
pended, until after the discussion, the signature, and the rati-
fication of the articles of the contract.

COUNT BRESSON TO M. GUIZOT.
(Private—Extract.) Madrid, 30th August, 1846.
As it is particularly the virtue of the fait accompli which
imposes silence on the spirit of faction and of defamation,
MM. Mon and Pidal expressed to me a lively regret that I
opposed the day before yesterday the official declaration of
the marriage of the Ineolta, and in them as in MM. Isturitz,
de Rianzares, and our most declared partisans, I saw an
ardent desire that the contract might be discussed, signed,
and ratified so promptly as that the Duke de Montpensier
might be here in the beginning of October, and that the two
marriages might be celebrated on the 10th' October, the
anniversary of the Queen's birthday. I admit the weight
of the considerations which dictate this advice. It is im-
portant to close the lists without delay, to remove all pre-
text and all aliment from parties. Let us second the
Government on this point; we serve our own cause. The
Cortes open on the 14th September; the opposition will
reserve all its efforts, all its anger, for the marriage of the
Infanta; it is necessary that the Ministry be prepared fur
that period.
Let us put the best grace possible in replying to its hopes
and to those of the Queen. They must not be made to sus•
pact that our grand object being fulfilled, we show ourselves
cold and. careless. Spanish susceptibilityawould not pardon
us this.

COUNT BRESSON TO M. GUIZOT.
(Private—Extract.) Madrid, Sept. 3, 1846.
Do not let us delay the conclusion of our grand affair. Do
not let us lose a day; we have still many intrigues to
thwart, many shoals to avoid. Let us fix, if it be possible,
the celebration for the 10th October ; let us have it done on
_the same day, after that of the marriage of the Queen. Let
the fact be accomplished fully. It is better that one Prince
should arrive too soon, with a light equipage and an incom-
plete corbeille, than to arrive late with embarrassment and
complications.
COUNT BRESSON TO M. GUIZOT.
(Private—Extract.) Madrid, Sept. G, 1846.
We must not have the appearance of slackening a single
moment; the Opposition would receive from it an im-
petuous impetus, which might overthrow the Cabinet even
before the meeting of the Cortes. It is preparing for such an
attempt.

- COUNT BRESSON TO M. GUIZOT.
(Private.) Madrid, Sept. 30, 1846.
I remember perfectly well that I passed the while of the
evening of the 27th August at home, with Messrs. Arena,
del Borgo, Otheo, Sartorius, Marquis de Santiago, Marquis
d'Acapulco, quietly enjoying a game of cards, at the very
time that the Times sent me to the Palace, to wrest, in the
middle of the night and of an ogle, their consent from the
young Queen and the Infanta. I was sleeping very soundly,
when, about one o'clock in the morning, a note from the
Duke de Rianzes, soon followed by M. Mon in person,
came to inform me that everything was decided according
to our wishes. You have this note, and I give you an ac-
count in the letter which encloses it, of the incidents of all
that day. It must not be forgotten that business isonly trans-
acted between the Ministers and with the Queens in the e‘'en-
ing. The Cabinet Councils and the business with tilt it Majes-
ties rarely commence before ten o'clock.
COUNT BRESSON TO M. GUIZOT.
(Private.) Madrid, Oct. 3, 1846.
This allegation of moral co-action is still more absurd
than odious. The Queen adopted her resolution freely; for
my own part, I affirm, on my honour, that never, on any
occasion, not more recently than formerly, have I ever ad-
dressed a word to her in relat'on to her marriage more to
one Prince than to the other. I have never departed from
ordinary forms, 'and not once during the two years and a-
half of my residence at Madrid have I ever been alone
with her. During audiences for the de!ivery of autograph
letters, the doors of her cabinet remained open; at one
appeared the Camerera Mayor; at the other, the Introducer
of Ambassadors. As to private interviews, there has never
been even a question of them, althea 4h I had the right, if
.I had thought proper to have demanded them. I defy any
one, whoever he may be, to contradict a word of what I have
advanced.

THE POPULATION OF BRITISH
COLONIES—M AMU FIUS.
There has just been issued, by authority of Parliament, a
bulky return, in the shape of a Blue-book, of nearly 400 lobo
pages, relative to the British Colonies ( West Indies and Mau-
ritius), and showing the state of the labouring classes therein.
The following is an extract from that volume, being the copy
of a dispatch from Governor Sir W. M. Gomm to Lord
Stanley (slated Mauritius, Jan. 7, 1846), and setting forth the
condition of the late emancipated population of that colony :
Mauritius, Jan. 7,184 b.
My Lord—lmmediately upon my receipt, in November last,
of your Lordship's dispatch, No. 362, of the 16th of July, re-
quiring from me a special report upon the condition of the
emancipated population of the colony, I directed requisitions
to be made upon the official servants best qualified, from situa-
tion and experience, to furnish me with such. information as
would enable me, in connexion with my own observation, most
securely to comply with your Lordship's injunctions. "' •
With regard to the relative numbers of these people at the
time of their emancipation and now, I regret that there are
no means at hand for guiding me more than a conjectural con-
clusion.
The numbers gathered from returns given in immediately
antecedent to the period of emancipation, are computed at
61,022, of all classes and ages at that period.
But a fresh census of the population of the island, which I
have reason to hope will engage the early attention of the
Council, will alone enable me to furnish your Lordship with
authoritative information with regard to their actual amount at
this hour.
That their numbers sensibly diminished through a Bourse of
several years subsequent to the date of their emancipation, is
universally admitted ; and through causes as, generally attri-
buted, co longer in operation, or with very mitigated intensity,
at this day.
I. The large number of aged persons of this class.
2. Disproportion between the sexes, the males numbering
36,527, females 24,518, or nearly as three to two in a published
report of the year 1836.
3. The headlong rush into intemperance, and universal in-
dulgence in the fatal propensity, regarded as the first privilege
of freedom, till experience gradually worked its effects, and
regulation rendered the acquisition of deleterious liquors more
difficult to them.
4. The destructive progress of epidemic diseases, and prin-
cipally of small-pox among these classes while the visitation
was new in the colony, and the preparation, which it is found
necessary even at this hour to put into full activity for the de-
tection and repression of the mischief, was wholly inadequate
for arresting it.
Throughout the last four years it may be confidently as-
serted that all these causes detrimental to the increase of
population have considerably abated their influence among
these classes, and there is no reason to presume that they are
not, upon the whole, in a thriving condition at this day.
But this progressive advancement in numbers and in respect-
ability of station would be still more fully insured for all future
years through the enhanced influence of other causes, which
I shall presently have occasion to specify to your Lordship.
In the meantime, the already considerable and progressive
benefit extended by the Government Free-schools and other
corresponding establishments in the colony, to the children of
tenderest years of this and also of the coloured class, opens a
prospect the most cheering.
I was present at the recent annual distribution of prizes
among these schools, under the direct superintendence of
Government in and about Port Louis. Little short of 900
children of both sexes were assembled, and the spectacle, re-
garded in whatever point of view, was most gratifying.

The increase in the course of the last three years of small
habitations wholly occupied by these people, in various parts of
the island, is indeed very remarkable, but particularly within
extreme market range, through the assistance of a beast of but-
den or light cart of Port Louis, and the portions of the adjoin-
' ir g districts most favourable to the cultivation of fruits and es-
culent vegetables, as in the gorges and on the slopes of the
Pouce and Pieter, both mountains, afford daily evidence of
stmts. increasing occupation. fleece the bazaar of Port Louis,
, so meagrely supplied in former years, now daily affords an
abundant display of wholesome fruits and vegetables, and the
measures actively in progress by two societies in the eulony at
this hour, for the enecuragement of cultivation in both these
branches, as well as in the department of agriculture, cannot
fail to impart an additional stimulus to this grossing disposition
among the emancipated population.
But they are, indeed, not a stirring or ambitious class of
the community ; manifestly the reverse.
In physical organisation, intellectual development, and cs-
tentatious enjoyment of the boon of freedom, and obvious
striving to render it still further available, they exhibit a
marked inferiority to the Jamaica black.
The first of these differences is, I presume,
otorigbineaaly sleribedt
the more robust constitutions of the tribes
intro-
duced into the latter island ; the rest mainly to
pr ecnas ee causes
s amply developed in Sir Charles Nletcalnfef the
's
comprehensive
of March,
i
dis-
patch addressed to Lord John Russell,
'
1840, and others in connexion with t ; the
superinten-
dence of a popular Ministry,
specially devoted to the religious,
this class of the island popu-
lation pastol
moral and political instruction of
excesses
they
have been led under
such direction, or through u
lation ; and into whatever c
h
exposure
minded judge of public
to such contingencies,
p n society, by the active diffusion of
admitted
desert, to have more than compensated
that einnisigeahstoenns of
ed and
such tuition,
for the ills so visited
uwhich they were confessedly the most
wholesome instruction of
With the exception of the exertions of one hiithlv-merito-
idividual,'and his employment of the very limited means
successful disseminators among those classes.
rious
at his disposal, no similar opportunities have been held out in
this island. The Roman Catholic clergy have done positively
nothing towards it in years past, and the ministry of the
Church of England has always been supplied, as your Lord-
ship is aware, upon much too limited a scale to admit of it.
But I will unhesitatingly assure your Lordship that there is
not a reflecting member tsf that communion in the island who
does not anxiously look forward to its strength being increased,
and its efficiency being extended by missionary aid, where the
need is so manifest, and where the seed will be sown in no un-
grateful soil, as there is satisfactory proof of wherever a school
is founded, or the opportunity afforded for imbibing instruction.
To this inferiority in the mind's cultivation is probably
owing the rooted aversion of the emancipated population of
this island to enter into any contract for field labour on the
estates.
They cannot separate the idea of engagement, upon terms
however advantageous in a pecuniary sense, from that of
slavery; while in Jamaica the freed negro sees no degradation
in binding himself to employment where he is satisfied with
the amount of remuneration held out.
The Mauritius black looks upon the Indian as degraded by
so engaging himself ; and the introduction of these latter
into the island, carried to whatever extent, would never
excite emulation or competition among the former so pre-
possessed.
And while the characteristic indolence and improvidence,
and occasional laxity of morals and internperaoce of this class
of people is borne witness to in the accompanying reports, and
in others treating of the same matter before me, their growing
respect for the ties of marriage, baptism of their children,
punctuality in payment of their debts, and approved trust-
worthiness in select employments, and readiness to contribute
with their means for useful undertakings, is not less satisfac-
torily attested to in the body of the documents which I have
now the honour to transmit.
Lastly, with regard to the . actual numbers of this class

subsisting at this day in the colony, if a vague estimate
framed by the most competent hands should rate them below
40,000, and the causes which I have above enumerated be
considered insufficient to account for such an extensive
falling off, principa:ly within the compass of the first three
years subsequent to their emancipation ; the blind barbarism
which I have also attempted to account for, and state of utter
helplessness in which freedom found the Mauritius slave, may
further account for whatever there was of ill mixed up with
the large amount of good universally involved in the rapid
transition from the state of dependence to that of liberty,
operating with an aggravated tendency to mischief in this
island, owing to such causes.
A census of the population of the island, which has not
been taken since the year 1839, and which I have already an-
nounced to your Lordship, as about to be carried through, will
enable me to report to your Lordship with precision on the
point of numbers. _ _ .

Your Lordship will be glad to learn, at the conclusion of this
statement, that the police reports of the festivities of the
season hitherto received are highly satisfactory as regards this
class, and confirmatory of the advances they are making to.
wards good order and moderation of behaviour under consider-
able temptation.—l have, &c.
(Signed) W. M. GOMM, Lieut.-General.