The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 10, 1841

THE PEERS AND THE BREAD

TAX.

No sooner does a man enter the House of Lords than
he grows oblivious of ell the principles, professions, and
pledges of his former life. To pass into the Upper
House is like migrating into another state of existence.
No sooner does the coronet press the brow of a free-
trader than his head is filled with antiquated dreams
about monopolies and restrictions on commerce. Two
instances of this kind of political metempsychosis ha% e
presented themseltes to the admiring eyes of the
country during the last week. The late Mr. Spring
Rice and Mr. Baring hove been exhibiting them-
selves in• their rew characters of Lord Mont-
-eagle and Lord Ashburton. Tney have, of course,
come out in opposition to the evidence on the import
duties, and in opposition to their former selves. Tney
speak lightly of such men as Deacon Hume and Mr.
M‘Gregor, and, of course, of the late Mr. Rice and
Mr. Baring ! Nobody will quarrel with them upon the
latter score, but some people may doubt whether par-
, venu Peers, or veteran S:xrctaries of the Board of
Trade, are the best judges of questions of commercial
policy. People may be found inquisitive enough to in-
quire how long these noble oracles have entertained
their present views upon import duties. In order
to save the curious in such small matte's a little
time and labour, we shall remind them that Lord
Ashburton is the same Mr. Baring who opposed the
Corn Bill of 1815 so fiercely that Mr. Huskisson
charged him with being the author of the riots and
bloodshed that ensued ; he is also the same Mr.
Baring who, in 1825, complained that Mr. Huskis-
son did not go far enough in his measures of
free trade. Mr. Baring was then a merchant, and in
favour of cheap bread ; he is now a landlord out of
trade, and he is for a dear loaf. My Lord is known by
the title of brecclzes•pocket Baring! Who does not
recollect the late Chancellor of the Exchequer saying,
in his parting speech, that the Corn-law had caused all
his financial troubles? Metamorphosed into Lord
Monteagle, the same Mr. Chancellor Rice will now, in
the natural course of things, become an advocate of the
Co, o-law !

The people act upon their knowledge of the incurable
infection that seizes upon the Members of the House of
Peers, and therefore they do not trouble them with pe-
titions in favour of free trade.—Anti•Corn-law Circular.

LANDLORD AND TENANT IN

IRELAND.

At the last meeting of the Repeal Association, Mr.
O'Connell made a powerful speech on the hardships to
which tenants are subjected in Ireland, and the evils of
absenteeism. It embodies a'so some curious tables, by
Professor Forbes, of Edinburgh, which Mr. O'Connell
adduces in proof of the superiority of his countrymen.
After some introductory remarks, he thus proceeds :
There roust be 'somethi g done for the tenant : hereto-
fore, all was done for the landlord—every new act was
made in his favour, and every facility was given him to
possess the property of the tenant, without the slightest
compensation for any improvement he had made, or for
capital expended. It is the tenant who makes the land
productive; without him it would be of no value to the
landlord, and something should be done to stimulate him
to make exertions to render improvements permanent,
and the land more fertile. Bnt this can never be done
whilst he is at the mercy of the landlord, to he
turned out a beggar on the world for no cause,
perhaps, but that ho does not coincide with him
in politics.—( Hear, hear, and cheer=.) It is a fact
that a great portion of the fec-simple of Ireland is vested
in absentees, and it is equally true that more than nine-
tenths of those alai entee rents are spent nut of the country.
Now, I want to put a stop to this—l want to have the
rents drawn from the lands spent amongst us, so as to in-
crease our wealth and give employment to the people. It
is calculated that four millions of absentee rents are ex-
ported to England and spent there or on the Continent.
Now, if we hail these four millions spent at home they
would give profitable employment to every man able to
work in the country. One of the chief objects of Repeal
is to bring back this money and have it circulated at home
where it was produced; and repeat again that that sum,
even to the owners of it, could be profitably laid out at
home, and it would riot leave a single labourer or artizan
unemployed in the country.--( Hear, Bear.) See the im-
mense sums that are taken away wholly beyond the hope
of the producers of it ever getting back a shilling of it
again ; whereas if spent at home it would, in many cases,
find its way back to the original producers., and mul-
tiply, and make the country rich in its progress.
There is the Marquis of Hertford, who draws thirty-
six thousand a-} ear out of Ireland—the Duke of De-
vonshire, fifty or sixty thousand a-year, the Marquis of
Lansdowne, thirty or forty thousand—Lord Fitzwilliare.
forty or fifty thousand—with various other noblemen and
gentlemen, who all take large sums away to make the
people of other countries happy and prosperous, and to
create a similar number of paupers in Ireland, from whence
that wealth has been derived. This is a state of things
that no good man should wish to see continue ; and, if we
bad no other impulse to direct us in the cause of Repeal,
this of itself would be sufficient.—( Hear, hear, and cheers. )
It is a remarkable fact that there is no country in the
world of the same extent where there are so few landed
proprietors as in Ireland. I believe the number does not
exceed ten thousand out of a population of upwards of
eight millions. In one district of Holland, which is
only about one-third of the size of Ireland, there are
379,000 actual proprietors of land, whilst in Ireland
we have only about 10,000, whereas, if we had the
same proportion of landed proprietors that there are
in Holland, we would have 1,137,000.—( Hear, hear.)
Those would be persons wholly independent of tlie
landlords—they would be their own landlords, paying
rent to nobody; and, if frugal and industrious, they
would be happy and prosperous in proportion.
If, from 10,000 with large properties, having miserable
sec fa under them dependent OA their will, we were to have
the number increased to 1,137,000, 'ilea hying on their
own properties in a state of happiness and independence,
what a country Ireland would be I I hope that this is no
dream, but that we shall live to see the glorious reality of
what we so ardently hope for, and what would make our
country happy and prosperous beyond the fondest antici-
pations of her most ardent lovers.—(Cheers.) I know
that there are brig hter and happier days in stare for the
virtuous and faithful people of Ireland.—(Continued
cheers.) In the letter which appeared in the Morning
Paper alluded to, the writer says that a new society should
be organised to take the subject of landlord and tenant
into consideration. Now, I don't like too many new
Societies, and I think the one we have already—namely,
the Repeal Association—is quite competent for that pur-
pose. and it is one of the objects which it ought to have
in view as auxiliary to the Repeal agitation.—( Cheers. )
We will show the peasantry that they have a deep in-
terest in aiding us in our struggle to obtain legislative
independence for their country, for one of the first re-
sults of it would be to put an end to that system, the
evils of which I have merely glanced at, and which
have pressed so severely upon the agricultural populat on
of the whole country. My intention is, that a portion of the
Repeal Association should be devoted to this subject ; that
we should have a separate roll, called Volunteers, whose
duty it will be to watch over the interests of the tenants, and
to endeavour to obtain such a change in the law as will give
them fixity of'tenure, and compensation for improvements,
where it is necessary that they should surrender their hold-
ings. These Volunteers will riot be physical-force men, but
they will be for the purpose of bringing moral force to bear
against one of the greatest evils that ever afflicted this or
any other country. Every man who subscribes 10/ , or who
collects 101., will be a member of the Volunteers. That
sum may be deemed too large in amount, but for the pre-
sent we will keep it at that standard, though it may be les-
sened hereafter. Their duties need not, however, be con-
fined to the question of landlord and tenant. They will be
bound to accumulate our funds, by making such arrange-
ments as will give permanency and effect to the collection
of the Repeal rent, which will be the criterion whether the
people of Ireland are anxious for their legislative indepen-
dence or net. It is melancholy to think that the only coun-
try on the earth with five millions of inhabitants, that is
without a local government, is Ireland.—( Hear.) There i,
hardly one of the colon'os or dependencies of the British
Crown that has not its local legislature, and yet Ireland, a
mighty nation, with nearly nine millions of inhabitants, is
to remain in the state of a miserable province.—( Hear,
hear.) Canada, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward's
Jamaica, and even Guiana, have all their local Parlia-
ments, and who will tell me that Ireland is to be without
one ? Even in Botany Bay, where the transports are sent
to, they have an independent Government, but Ireland is
to remain without a Parliament to legislate for her own
people. We don't want an independent Government ; a e
are better and more secure bound to England by the golden
link of the Crown ; we are content with a monarchy, and
would be very sorry it should ever be disturbed ; but what
we want, and we will n( vcr cease till we have it, is a do-
mestic legislature, giving us control over our own money,
and putting an end to that monstrous evil, a perpetual ab-
sentee drain.—( Cheers.) It may he asked why it is that
Ireland, having such resources within herself, and such ca-
pabilities for self-government, should have remained so
long in the condition of a miserable and dograaed province,
and that she is the only country under heaven, with such
extent of territory arid such a population, that is with-
out her own legislature? It may be hard to account for
it, and I believe the only way it can be rationally accounted
for is by saying that this, with many other misfor-
tunes,ni mere Irish," as they
of which she bas been the victim, are all owing to
dissensions amongst her own sons. There was first the
Sbto"thggplairntg parties forbecame
dissension that arose from the feuds between the English
a
were called, whilst the former
were
ascendancy
aoamalgamated,
over the
thatnatives; t h
e Irish
when
and English could barely have been known from each
andi
sh
ether ; then came the di4eii,ions
and
persecutions upon
the score of religion; the English baying embraced
one, nh en they sought to enforce upontholrisl 1 a new
per-
secution and penal enactments that were a ell' isgr:ce to
ma ikind. That dissension, upon the score of religion,
has been kept up for three hundred
years ' and although
the force of public opinion caused the penal code to be re-
pealed,still private malignity and senseless • • •
divisions on
account of religion seem to exist with as much force and
rigour as ever they did ; and, as to add to the cl. issen-
sensioin we have filthy Chartism introduced amongst us.
But that is not worth alluding to—it will receive no coun-
tenance from the Irish people. Let there he no more
of
those foolish dissensions which have brought with them no-
thing but misery and ruin to our common country. The time
is come for a universal rally, when Irishmen of every
class and creed should unite to make their common
There is nothing to pre-
country prosperous and happy.
vent Ireland taking her proper station amongst the nations
of the world—there is nothing in the constitution of her
peoples them from e
morally or physically to prevent o.
ioying the rights which every other people on the face
of the earth are in possession of—there is nothing about
them to render them inferior to any other country under
heaven. On the contrary, it has been recently proved

that they are physically as well as morally superior to
any other people in Europe. Our fidelity and, moral
superiority have haen admitted even by our own enemies.
Protestants must admit that no people under heaven
have manifested such religious fidelity as the Neb.—
( Hear, hear.) Let thsir religion be good or bad, it
cannot be denied that they have, amidst the most fear-
ful persecutions, adhered to it with a constancy and
zeal unknown to any other people in the work, and
that during three hundred years of the most emaciating
persecution and oppression, the people of Ireland
were kept together by a spirit of fidelity and love
of religion that made them scorn all danger, and that
they have passed through the ordeal clear and unstained
by crime, that they never persecuted in return, and that
at the end they have come out of the persecution
much more numerous than when it began.—( Cheers. )
I might mention other proofs of moral superiority, hut I
confess I was astonished to find in the works of a Scotch
philosopher proofs that the Irish were superior in physical
powers to any other people is Europe. The gentleman to
whom I allude is Professor Forbes, of Edinburgh, suc-
cessor to Professor Leslie, and one of the greatest philoso-
phers in the known world. That gentleman has recently
made a series of experimenta between the inhabitants of va-
rious parts of the world, particularly the English; Ssetch,
Irish, and Belgians, and it will be seen that the Irish
arc physically superior to all. Mr. O'Connell thee read
the following document :
Professor Forbes, of Edinburgh (the able successor of
Leslie, in the chair of Natural Philosophy), has recently
made a series of experiments upon the physical diffe,.ences
between English, Scot. h, Irish, and Belgians, the results of
which constittre tlie most interesting information we are
able to lay before our readers, with respect to the compa-
rative heights of sub-varieties of Caucasians. The follow-
ing is a 'able drawn up by Professor Forbes, to exhibit the
relative heights, at different ages, of the students attending
his class during► a aeries of years, and belonging respec-
tively to England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Belgian
measurements as ere probably derived from other ssurces.
The number of individuals subjected to examination was
very considerable, so many as eighty Scotch and thirty
English being occasionally measured at once.

HEIGHTS-F

ULL DIMENSIONS WITH SH

Age.

99
23
21
25

English.

ticuteh.

Irish.

Inches.

li~l~~nns.

" This table p aces the Itishman uppermost in the
scale of stature. the Scotsman second, the Englishman
next, and the Belgian lowest.
" Professor Forbes extended his inquiries among his
students, English, Scotch, and Irish, to bodily weight, add-
ing examinations of a similar, and also of mixed classes of
Belgians. The results were as -

WEIGHT IN POUNDS, INC

Follow :
LAMING CLOTHES.

Belgians
Age. English. Scotch. Irish. (not mixei
classes).
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs.
15 1145 112 —. 102
16 127 1255 129 117.5
17 133'5 133'5 126 127
18 128 139 141.5 134
19 141 143 145'5 139'5
20 144 146'5 142 143
21 146 142'5 151 145'5
22 147'5 150 153 147
23 149 151 154 143'5
24 150 152 155 149 5
25 151 152'5 155 l5O

" Here, again the superiority lies with the Irish, the
others holding the same relative positians as in the ease of
stature. The mixed classes of Belgians, in whose c ise the
weight of clothes was deducted, ranked exceedingly low-
-1341b5. being about the average. We have it in our
power fortunately to compare the conclusions of Professor
Forbes with those of other inquirers, in as fa!• as the Eng-
lish and Belgians are conecrned. The eighty students of
Cambridge, weighed (with the clothes) in groupes of ten,
gave an average, as we are informed by Quetelet, of I 51lbs.
the precise mean, it will he observed, of the Englishmen
of twenty five years of age weighed by Professor Forbe2.
" The superiority of the Irish in point of stature and
weight is remarkable. We shall find it borne out by a
corresponding superiority in physical power, as shown in
the table of Professor Forbes having reference to that
characteristic.

Age.

English.

Belgidn9.

22
23
24
25

" The same relations are here preserved as iu the pre-
vious tables, and as, with respect to weight and height at
least, there could be no mistake, the probability that the
last taVe is correct is much strengthened by the confor-
mity in question. The difference between the Irish and
Belgians is immense, the former exceeding the latter in
strength by nearly one-fourth ; while between the Eng-
lish and Belgians there is also a great difference, amount-
ing to 62 pcunds. The English, in Peron's table, showed a
lumbar strength equal to about 3671b5., a point consider-
ably below that of the English in Professor Forbes's table.
But we might expect such a difference between students
and sailors, or stout colonists, which latter classes were those
examined by Peron. Between the Scotch and Irish the
difference is small comparatively. It is much to be wished
that the example of the Edinburgh Professor were exten-
sively followed, both abroad and at home, so as to give us
satisfactory views of the relative physical powers of the
different European nations. Such questions, as already
hinted, will be found to bear more directly on the prospe-
rity of nations than has hitherto been commonly imagined.*
Let those who copy what I have now read, remember
that it is no creation or assertion of mine--that the expe-
riments were made by a Scotch philosopher, who would be
naturally anxious to place his own country in the most
favourable point of view, but who clearly proves that even
in point of physical powers we are superior to any of the
other people of Europe. Our moral superiority and reli-
gious fidelity have been admitted even by our enemies—
our physical superiority is here proved by one of the first
natural philosophers of the present age ; and I ask you are
such a people to remain in a state of inferiority, unknown
to any other country in the world ?_(Cries of " No, no.)
No, a thousand times no ! we shall not remain a degraded
and pitiful province We have the giant's strength, and
it is well to know we base it, and still better to know how
to use it. We will use it against the enemies of the
Queen, and protect Ireland against every invade. Re-
member, I have shown you that in religious fide:i.y, no
country under heaven has been equal to Ireland—the
people of every country generally go with the Government
in tquestions of religion, but there is one exception, and one
(ide and that is Ireland—the Government persecuted
thu pecple of Ireland by every moons, even the most
cr el that could be devised, in order to make them com-
ply with the religion of the State ; but, as I have sail, the
people disregarded that persecution, and came out of it
more numerous than they went into it. When I was
born, a Catholic could not be a judge, a lawyer, an at-
torney, a recorder of a city, a freeman of a city, a com-
mon councilman—he could hold no situation in any of
the courts, banks, or public offices—he could not be
even a bailiff, a gamekeeper.—lle could not, except by
sufferance, be a private in the army. All, everything,
was given into the hands of the State religion: a Catho-
lic could not have a horse worth over 51., for if he had, his
Protestant neighbour had only to offer that sum for him,
and although he were worth 100/. he should get him ;
and if he hid the horse to prevent the cupidity of his
neighbour fram being excited, he could be fined in three
times the amount of his value. Yet, all that barbarous
and savage crusade against the religion of the Irish peo-
ple was unavailing—they despised alike profit and reward
on the one hand, and the most biller persecution, nit the
other; they passed through the ordeal faithful and true,
without even attempting to persecute in return on account
of religious belief, or committing one single offence Then,
when we arc the most moral and faithful, as well as the
tallest and strorgest people in Europe, why should we re-
main in a state of degrading inferiority ? I told you be-
fere that when the Irish character was assailed in the
House of Commons, Lord Morpeth stood up to defend the
people : he spoke in terms that need not be here repeated
of the purity of the Irish females and the morality arid en-
durance of the Irish people.—( Loud cheers.) Arid much
I ween did they need endurance, for, from the days of
Spenser, down even unto our own, the subject of the hopes
and thoughts of our enemies hes been to crush, degrade,
and insult our country. The Irish of yore were wont at
certain seasons, to take refuge in their fastnesses from fo-
reign invaders. Spenscr —the inspired Spenser—it was
who said "there is but one hope for crushing their rebel-
lious spirit." It was this—to destroy their harvest annually.
—( Groans.) Aye, you may groan ; but the plan was ap.
proved of and adopted. Year offer year, in July or June,
when the golden harvest teemed with promise, while the
ill-fated Irish were immured in their fastnesses the spoiler
was let loose to scatter famine, wretchedness, and desola-
tion through a " smiling land." For five long years un-
remittingly was the pitiless havoc spread, and ruin, not
from heaven, but from man, overran the land, till, ecoord-
ing to the detail of an authentic writer, the dead men
were found lying on their faces piled in the ditches by
the wayside, their livid mouths green from devouring the
grass of the fields in the desperate rage of hunger; and
the child was found on the breast of the dead mother
vainly seeking them for that sustenance which had de-
parted from it for evermore—(Great sensation). Yes,
such was the system devised by Spenser—such the system
to which we have been subjected front Spenser down to
Morpeth. Yet, what is the nature of the men who have
been thus brutally treated?--what their tendencies? Who
would believe that we can exhibit a testimonial ef virtue
and moderation unparalleled in the history o 5
f nations?
000
Who has not heard of Father Mathew, and his , ,000
of teetotallers, who have immolated their dearest pas-
sions, who have given up everything they once were
used to love, without a sigh, and acorn to raise the cup
of luxury to their lips ? Five. million disciples has
father Mathewalready )irad eee

* " We have been informed that the mere physical
Power of the different companies of men to whom the
Duke of Wellington was opposed in his campaigns, was
always with him an object of serious eensic:oration."

more will be yet enlist, till all Ireland shall have been
enrolled beneath his sway. Nor is this the only proof we
have on record to the honour of the Irish character.
It is
.a remarkable thing that no nation was ever so
prompt in crab:acing Christianity as Ireland. A century,
or had a century at the least, was the period which r,ene
rally elapsed from the first introduction to the establialimant
of Christianity in a nation : in Ireland it took five years to
establish Christianity.—(Cheers.) In five years from the
first introduction of the Gospel, every man, woman, and
child in the sea-girt isle wor3bippel the true God. And
remember, Father Mathew has been nothing at all like
that period in his holy work. Ere two years more are
over our heads the moral triumph will be complete, and all
Ireland, to a man, will be enrolled in his society. And am
I to be told that such a pe _iple as we, with all our physical
superiority, with all our moral superiority, with all our men-
tal superiority, are alone, of all the world, to be slaves, and
have no will of our own 2—( No, no.) England—our sister
in arms, our confederate, with all my heart—bound let us
for ever be by this golden link—her bosom friend, her
partner, her companion—.these, all these, will we be to her ;
but har sIave—NEVER l—( Immense cheering)—eo, nor
the slave of any country the sun illumines.—( Continued
cheers.) Yes; the words which now I utter I will pass
throughout the length and breadth of the land, and
throughout the length and breadth of the land I call upon
every I, i,liman to come and hear what the Scotchnun says
of him.—( Great cheering. ) In arts, literature, war, poli-
tics, poesy—in every branch of sublunary knowledge has
the Irishman obtained eminence in every land except his
own. While the Irishman was proscribed, mocked, and
insulted at home, there was no eminence too high, no
glory too bright for him not to attain in alien lands.
When Maria Theresa instituted the order of " mili-
tary merit," which could only be conferred on the
soldier while still on the battle field, out of fifty whom
she decorated farty-two were proscribed Irishmen.--( Great
cheering.) And, with all this high repute with
all this halo of glory, long obscured in the dark, dreary
night cf persecution, but now, in pristine beauty, shed-
ding its effulgence round us, and beaming forth as the gol-
den sun bursts through the scattered clouds—is it now, I
ask, that I will despair of the liberty and independence of
my country ? Oh, no I I never despaired of her, and,
least of all, will I do so now.---( Loud cheering.) Forgiv-
ing all past injuries, forgetting all past sorrows, merging all
shades of sect and party, and looking forward only to the
future as big with hope and joy to all alike, Irishmen will
yet achieve liberty. Our country will not long continue a
pitiful province—the time of her redemption is at hand—
the ages of her bondage are over; and I think I may safely
forbode her day of pride and independence cometh.—
( Immense cheering.)

CHARTIST LEADERS AND

BREAD-TAXERS.

(From the Anti-Corn-law Circular.)
Our only opponents latterly at public meetings have
been certain Chartist lecturers. These teen had long
been objects of our suspicion, and we were in possos-
sion of numerous facts tending to prove them to be the
hired agents of the bread taxers ; but the disclosures
elicited upon oath before the Walsall Election Com-
mittee, have established the knavery of these men be-
yond a doubt. Our readers will recollect that on the
day before the nomination at Walsall, Nightingale, the
Chartist leader, made his appearance there, and at-
tempted to excite the people against Mr. Smith. We
stated in a former Circular, that he arrived at midnight
in company with one of Mr. Gladstone's party, that he
entered a carriage belonging to that gentleman's Com-
mittee, which was waiting for him at the station, and
that he proceeded straight to his inn at Walsall. We
will now fill up the history of this transaction, from the
report of the proceedings before the Walsall Election
Committee.

Mr. Samuel Patch was sworn, and, in the course of
his evidence, stated that—
" After his arrival at Walsall, and before the elec-
tion commenced, he' was sent to Manchester, by the
directions of Mr. Charles Brook., to bring up a person
named Nightingale, who was a Chartist. leader. When
he received instructions about this affair, Mr. Brooks
was at the New Inn. Mr. Wilkins, Mr. James, and
Mr. Basset Smith, were present. Mr. Brooks told
witness to go to Mr. Barnet about the expense. Night-
ingale kept en inn at Manchester. He found him there,
and brought him to Walsall. When he spoke to Mr.
Brooks about the expense, that gentleman said, If you
will go to Mr. Birnet, he will give you a cheek for the
amount.' He went to Mr. Barnet and asked fir the
amount for which Mr. Nightingale had agreed to come,
and the answer that Mr. Barnet gave was, that he had
nothing to do with it, and that the party who sent for
Mr. Nightingale must pay him, Previous to this he
had asked Mr. Barnet whether he was aware that
Nightingale had arrived, and he said, Yes, I have
given him a ticket to go on the hustings.' Nightingale
stayed at the New Inn until the day after the election,
in company with Mr. Wilkins, the barrister."
The-reader must be reminded, that Nightingale is
the same man who headed a ruffianly assault upon the
ant;- Corn-law deputies at the Corn Exchange, Man-
chester, two years ago, and who took the lead in cre-
ating a disturbance at the public town's meeting on the
19th ult. It should be stated, also, that Mr. Charles
Wilkins, the barrister, has long been the champion- and
orator of the bread taxers (or Tories) in Manchester.
We- need not offer any comments upon the above
facts, but shall merely add, that we are in possession
oi all the particulars of the bargain entered into be-
tween- Mr. Patch and Nightingale, and we know the
exact sum of money for which the Chartist leader hired
himself to be taken to Walsall to assist in returning the
bread taxer.

'We have, in this disclosure. an explanation of the
conduct, strange and unaccountable as it otherwise
would appear to be, of other Chartist leaders and mis-
sionaries. It has been a matter of surprise to our lec-
turers to perceive that they have been dogged and beset
in all parts of the kingdom by certain well dressed and
apparently well-fed persons, who, under the pretence of
advocating the people's charter, have, in reality, been
the defenders and supporters of the bread-tax. These
men have been ready to take a journey of a hundred
miles at any [time to oppose our lecturers. They have
made their appearance to-day in Leeds, to-morrow in
Leicester, and the following day in Manchester. In
whatever part of the kingdom an Anti-Corn-law move-
ment has taken place, these men have invariably made
their appearance to take the part of the bread-taxers,
under the pretence of advocating the Charter. Yes-
terday we received a letter from Great Torrington, De-
von, where an active Anti-Corn-law Association is giving
great annoyance to the bread-taxing Squirearchy, in-
forming us that a person calling himself a Chartist
lecturer had made his appearance there, and was trying
to dissuade the peasantry from petitioning against the
bread-tax. In London, Mr. Sidney Smith has been
persecuted by two or three individuals who have fol-
lowed him, night after night, from Whitechapel to
Marylebone, from Peckham to Deptford, and into every
district and suburb of the metropolis. Wherever he
goes the same faces meet his eye and the same tactics
are pursued of creating disturbances, under the pretence
of advocating the Charter. Again and again has the
question been raised by our lecturers—by whom are
these men paid ? The mystery is solved by the dis-
closures before the Walsall El,ction Committee. We
have not a doubt that those Chartist leaders and mis-
sionaries hire themselves out to the bread-taxers after
the manner of Nightingale. They are traitors in the
garb of patriotism, and are playing the same part as
the Olivers and Castles of other days. The spies of
twenty years ago did the work of their employers, by
tempting their deluded followers to commit crimes
which conducted them to the gallows, whilst the Night-
ingales of our day try to inveigle their victims into an
opposition to the Anti. Corn-law party, by which the
bread-taxers arc enabled to starve them.

But we sill not do an injustice by making a sweeping
charge against all who have prominently advocated the
Charter. Our remarks are not levelled at such indi-
viduals as Collins, Lovett, and Vincent ; we refer more
especially to those men who are backed and retained
by the conductors of the Northern Star, the principal
proprietor of which newspaper, when in Parliament,
spoke and voted in favour of the bread tax. This paper
is one of the most insidious and strenuous upholders of
the food monopoly, and, whilst it is loud in its commen-
dations of those who oppose the alti-Corn-law cause,
it is equally bitter in its attacks upon all who endea-
vour to forward it. Nightingale is one of the heroes of
its pages, and his exploits at Walsall were the theme of
its loudest plaudits.

FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Monday last an in-
quest was held at Sheepstor on the body of a young man
named Bowden, aged 21 year, a labourer at the Granite
Qu srries on Dartmoor. From the evidence adducod, it
was shown the poor fellow's death was perfectly acciden-
tal. He had been standing with some of his fellow work-
men at the bottom of the quarry by the side of a wag-
gon, on which a piece of granite weighing about two tons
was about to be placed ; the stone had been lowered by a
machine from the top of the quarry (about forty feet
above the ground where the men were standing), and
had reached the hind part of the waggon, when one of
the dogs which clasped the stone slipped from its place,
and the stone fell suddenly upon the waggon. From the
sudden weight the bolt which secured the waggon from
tipping, was so bent that the waggon canted over, rolling
the stone over it, which fell upon Bowden's side and
felled him to the ground. Several of the workmen at
the quarry immediately attempted to rescue him, but some
minutes elapsed before the stene could be taken off. He
died on his way to his father's residence at Sheeptt tr.
The Jury returned a verdict of Accidental Death, and
adjudged the slab to be forfeited to the Crown es a deo-
dud. —Devonport Journal.
THE CHARTIST DICTATOR.—The Scotch
Reformers' Gazette observes Feargus O'Connor calls
upon his quondam dupes to get up another convention, and
directs them to remit money to his own bankers,' mo-
destly promising that he will pay fifteen members at the
rate of 301. a-piece. But that they may be of his own
kidney—all 'up to the mark'—he names every one of
them ; and thus the great advocate of the Charter, the
mighty universal-suffrage man, would make himself the
greatest boroughmonger that ever crawled."—Hull Adver-
tiser.

A highly interesting service took place place in
Whitehall Chapel on Thursday. The Rev. Dr, Vincent
Gomez, the Rev. Aire P. Mello, from Lisbon, and the
Rev. Padre di Minna, from the kingdom of Naples, made
a public abjuration of the faith of the Church of Rome, in
the presence of the Bishop of London and a numerous
congregation.— Tory .P,rint.

FROM LAST NIGHT'S GAZETTE

WHITEHALL, Aram 6, 1841.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint his Royal Highn
Prince AlLert, Rang. r of the Great Park at Windsor.

WHITEHALL, APRIL 7.
The Queen has been p'eased to direct letters patent to be
passed under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, appointing Admiral the Honourable Sir
Robert Stopford, G. C. 8., to be Master of her Majesty's Hos-
pital at Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in the room of Ad-
miral the Honourable Charles Elphinstone Fleming, deceased.

WHITEHALL, APRIL 2, 1841.
The Lord Chancellor has appointed John Turner Ilawlinson,
of Horsham, in the County of Sussex, Gent., and Edward
Dakin Stanton. of Chorley, in the county of Lancaster,. Gent.,
to be Masters Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery..

WAR-OFFICE, APRIL 9.
Ist or Grenadier Regiment of Foot Guards—Capt. G. B.
Mathew, from half-pay Unattached, to be Lieutenant and
Captain, vice C. H. Nicholson, who exchanges ; Lieu'. R. El.
Glynn to be Lieutenant and Captain, by purchase, vice Ma-
thew, who retires ; C. L. B. Alaitland, Gent. to be Ensign
and Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Glynn, April 9.
4th Regiment of Foot—Ensign•G. L. Thomson, from the
27th root, to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Curtayne,
promoted in the 82d Foot, April 9.
18th Foot—Lieutenant J. P. Mitford to be Captain, with-
out purchase, vice Moore, who retires upon full-pay, April 9.
34th Foot—Assistant-Surgeon J. E. Currey, from the
Staff, to be Assistant-Surgecn. vice Gordon, deceased, April 9.
56th Foot—Captain H. W. Paget, from half-pay Unat-
tached, to be Captain, vice A. D. Cuddy, who exchanges, re-
ceiving the difference; Assistant-Surgeon M. Ryan, 'M.D.,
from the Staff. to be Surgeon, vice M. Neill, who retires upon
half-pay, April 9.
59th Foot—Lieut. J. Mockler, to he Capain, without pur-
chase, vice Manners, who retires upon full-pay ; Ensign J. H.
Gay to be Lieutenant, vice Mockler, April 9.
62d Foot—Assistant-Surgeon S. M. Vittie Lloyd, from the
Staff, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice M'Caskill, deceased,
April 9.

92d Foot—H. De Quincey, [Gent., to be Ensign, by pur-
chase, vice Paterson, who retires, April 9.
HosetTAL STAFF. —To be Assistant-Surgeons.to the Forces
—J. Rutledge, M. D., vice Ryan, promoted in the 56th Foot ;
W. K. Swettenham, M.D., vice Currey, appointed to the 34th
Foot: W. Arden, Gent., vice Lloyd, appointed to the 62d
Foot, April 9.

The following places have been duly registered for solemniz-
ing m Irriages therein, pursuant to the Act of 6th and 7th Wit.
ham IV., chap. 85:—
Independent Chapel, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire.
Gibson-street Chapel, All Saints, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Brunswick-place Chapel, St. Andrew's, Newcastle-upon•
Ti=ne.

Groat-market Church, St. John's, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Independent Chapel, Pickering, Yorkshire. •
Spetchley Chapel, Spetehley, Worcestershire.

DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY.

JOHN TOLLITT, bookseller, Liverpool.
FRANCIS SPINK, miller, Bridlington, Yorkshire.
BANKRUPTS.

MARY ANNA CROSS and ELIZABETH CROSS,
spirit-merchants, Kingston-upon-Hull, to surrender April 24.
at one, and May 21, at eleven, at the George Inn, Kingston-
upon-Hull. Arnold and Burn, Clement's-lane, Lombard-
street, London; Hill, Kingston-upon-Hull.
JOSEPH ANKRETT, grocer, Walsall, Staffordshire,
April 27, at twelve, and May 21, at eleven, at the Swan Inn,
Wolverhampton. Dove, Carey-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields,
London ; Barnett, Walsall ; Suckling, Birmingham.
HENRY SAMUEL, tobacconist, Leadenhall-street, Lon-
don, April 21, at two, and May 21, at eleven, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Johnson, Basinghall-street, official assignee ;
Berry, Trafalgar-square, Charing-cross.
JOHN EDWARD NEW and FREDERICK NEW,
stationers, Aldgate, London, April 24, at half-past one, and
May 21, at twelve, at the Coup tof Bankruptcy. Edwards,
Frederick's-place, Old Jewry, official Assignee ; Clark and
Cooper, Sessions-house, Old Bailey.
JOSEPH MORRIS, victualler, Birmingham, April 16,
and May 21, at eleven, at Dee's Royal Hotel, Birmingham.
Sheppard, Thomas, Lepard, and Williams, Cloak-lane, London.
THOMAS GARLICK, carpenter, Greenwich, April 16, at
two, and May 21, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Green, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; Suter and Bristow,
Greenwich.

GEORGE BRADSHAW, draper, Welshpool, Montgomery
April 21, and May 21, at eleven, at the Royal Oak Hote
Welshpool ; Abbott and Arney, Bedford-square, London
lien netts, Manchester.

JEREAHAFI WHITFIELD, carpet and floor-cloth ware-
houseman, Bi,hopsgate-street Without, April 23, at one, and
May 21, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-
street. Turquand, Copthall-buildings, Official Assignee ; Sole,
Aldermanbury.

CH ARLE:i LUNDY, straw-hat manufacturer, Kingston-
upon-Hull, April 23 and May 21, at one, at the George Inn,
Kingston-upon-Hull. Field, Finchley-common, Middlesex;
Tenney and Sidebottom, Hull.
EDMUND SEDDUN, cotton-spinner, Bury, Lancashire,
April 27 and May 21, at eleven, at the Commissioners' Rcoms,
Manchester. Makinson and Sanders, Elm-court, Middle-
temple, London ; Atkinson, Birch, and Saunders, Manchester.
SAMUEL SMITH, engraver, Manchester, April 24, and
May 21, at twelve, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Blanchester.
Fox and Meek, Basinghall-street, London; Hitchcock, Man-
chester.

FRANCES ROBERTS and CAROLINE ROWE, mil.
liners, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London, April 24, al
two, and May 21, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Groom, Abchurch•lane, Lombard-street, the official assignee;
Donne, New Broad-street.

THOMAS HOWELL, builder, Brighton, April '22 and
May 21, at twelve, at the Town-hall, Brighton. Faithfull,
Brighton ; Faithfull, King's-road, Bedford-row, London.

DIVIDENDS.
At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street.
H. Lee, saddler, Down-street, Piccadilly, April 30, at twelve
—W. Strange, wine merchant, Abingdon, Berkshiie, April3o,
at half-past twelve—A Cock and M. J. Wellard, sugar re-
finers, Union-street, Shadwell, April 30, at half-past one---J.
Holliday, mast maker, Wapping, May 3, at two—S. Stuart
milliner, Pall-mall, May 6, at tv.elve—T. Ashton, bill broker,
Berner-street, Oxford-street, May 6, at one—C. Hall, up-,
holsterer, Recachfly, May 6, at eleven—C. Lacy, butcher,
Hackney, May 6, at twelve—A. G. W. B.ddulph, J. Wright,
H. Robinson, and E. W. Jerniegham, bankers, Henrietta-
street, Covent-garden, May 4, at eleven.
In the Country.
M. Reynolds and J. M. Knight, ironmongers, Rugby, War-
wickshire, May 5, at two, at the Craven Arms Hotel, Coventry
—Robert Bradbury, grocer, Dudley, Worcestershire, May 4,
at two, at Dee's Royal Hotel, Birmingham—E. Haliley, cloth
merchant, Leeds, May 7, at eleven, at the Commissioners'..
rooms, Leeds—J. A. Lee, E. Holt, 'l'. Bell, and W. Book..
less, ironmongers, Liverpool, May 4, at one, at the Claren-
don-rooms, Liverpool—E. Elsworth, worsted-spinner, Leeds,
Slay 1, at one, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Leeds—John
Baker, scrivener, Woodlands, 131agdon, Sornersetshire,
May 11, at twelve, at the Commercial-rooms, Bristol—
J. and H. Risdale, stuff-merchants, Leeds, May 1, at eleven,
at the Commissioners'-rooms, Leeds—J. T. Milner and C.
Bedford, confectioners, Kingston-upon. Hull, May 4, at twelve,
at the Kingston Hotel, Kingston-upon-Hull—D. Keigbley,
cloth-manufacturer, Rawdon, Yorkshire, May 7, at one, at the
Commissioners'-rooms, Leeds—G. S. Halloran, merchant, Bel:
fast, Ireland, May I, at eleven, at the Clarendon-rooms, Li-
verpool—E. Brown, draper, Chudleigh, Devonshire, Slay 5,
at twelve, at the Old London Inn, Exeter.