The Sun.
London, England, 1847-09-20 00:00:00

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LONDON, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1847.

Whatever differences of opinion may exist as to the
causes of the present disturbed state of the money
market, the want of confidence that is apparent on
every side, and the financial difficulties consequent
thereon experienced by persons of every class, trade,
and calling, there can be no doubt whatever of the
melancholy truth. Each day brings accounts of the
failure of houses that formerly enjoyed the highest
characters, and against whose solvency it would have
been considered a wanton and audacious calumny to
breathe the slightest doubt or suspicion. Within the
last few weeks we have witnessed the suspension of
payment by houses, in one of which the then Gover-
nor of the Bank of England was a partner, and in
two others directors of the Bank (one a former Go-
vernor) were concerned. Painful and melancholy as
it is to witness such occurrences, the general opi-
nion appears to be that we have not yet arrived
at the worst, and the most gloomy forebodings are
indulged in as to the future prospects of the coun-
try. It is no longer a matter of astonishment that
houses of the first respectability should have fallen.
Who can stand ? has become the question. Credit is
essential in a commercial country, and whenever that
credit is withheld, and money cannot be obtained at a
fair and reasonable rate of interest to carry on the
usual operations of the country, the results must be of
the most painful description. There must be a gene-
ral suspension of trade, a stoppage of manufacture of
every kind, thousands must be thrown out of em-
ployment, and plunged, from comparative comfort
and independence, into the deepest poverty and dis-
tress. Such is the natural and immediate conse-
quence of money becoming too dear and attaining a
value beyond that which legitimately belongs to it.

A few days since we had occasion to remark on the
resolutions of the delegates of the operative cotton-
spinners in Lancashire and the adjoining counties,
calling upon the mill-owners to stop the working of
their factories for a certain period—the operatives
desiring that the cessation of employment, which they
are too well aware has become inevitable, should take
place during a season of comparative cheapness and
plenty, and when there would be some prospect of
obtaining some other description of' employment ;
those humble men, with a degree of foresight and
providence for which they are entitled to the greatest
credit, being willing to encounter a certain present
evil, in order that a more formidable calamity in
futuro may be averted. They have ascribed
the depressed state of the mauufacturing interests
to the inadequate supply of raw cotton, and the
extraordinary high prices demanded for that which
is in the market, but although that is undoubtedly
one of the causes of the present untoward state of
afThirs, and the unpleasant position of the mill-

owners—and its removal is essential to the main

tenance, we fear we should rather say the restoration,
of England's commercial supremacy and prosperity,
there is another less apparent, but no less certain
cause, viz., the high price of money which robs the
producer and creator of national wealth of his fair and
reasonable profits, in order that the capitalist may
increase his fortune, and receive twenty or thirty
per cent. for the use of his money. As there has
been a demand for a general cessation of factory
labour until matters shall have obtained a
more favourable position, so there has been
a circular issued by the Committee of the Liverpool
Stock Exchange as to the extraordinary depreciation
of railway property within the last two years, which
has been seriously aggravated by the enormous sums
that have been obtained from the shareholders and the
public, and are still sought to be raised by calls and
loans ; they—expressing the wishes of their customers,
and of all parties interested—suggest a general stop-
page of works, and that the completion of the sanc-
tioned lines, and of the extensions of the existing
companies, should be postponed until a more propi-
tiousvudraebly
season. It 13 the same cause Which renders such
an appeal necessary—the —the unusual scarcity
and ar-
anmespsleofthmeorneetyur,
return
thatm ayb renderssur
eatnoyt
uspeculation,howevero
to these by whom it was projected and cabrritedosue whot,
the
entire gain and profit being absorbed
have afforded temporary accommodation, by the ad
vance of money.

A larger and more comprehensive view was taken
at the important meeting, which was held on Sa-
turday at Newcastle-on-Tyne, of coal-owners, mer-

chants, manufacturers, ship-owners, and others inte-
rested in trade and commerce, of the real source and

origin of all these mischiefs. They went boldly to
the seat of the disease, and, instead of administering
the palliatives that might be of temporary service, but
still would leave the fatal taint in the system to
break out again and again with increased force on
each occasion, they suggested remedies by which a
radical cure might be effected, and matters restored to
a healthy state. The resolutions unanimously adopted
by the meeting state the apprehensions with which they
view the present deranged state of the monetary affairs of
the country, and the embarrassing and injurious con-
sequences which must inevitably result from any
lengthened continuance of the existing pressure on
the whole trade of the empire. They then
state that all classes are suffering from
the present unprecedentedly high rate in the
value of money, and the extreme difficulty of obtain-
ing it for all purposes of legitimate commerce and
manufacture, are apprehensive that a
continuance
and t
ee,
of
fthlat
oiprtehseeynt
pressure must lead

to a serious restriction of the power of the mercantile,
mining, and manufacturing community to continue the
employment of the vast numbers of men under their
control, and they request the Chamber of Commerce to
communicate with the several Chambers of Commerce
in other towns of the kingdom, to ascertain their
views as to measures to be adopted for the general
relief of the mercantile interests. In the meantime
they have appointed a deputation to wait upon the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, " to represent to him the
importance of the subject, and to pray the Govern-
ment to take the present banking enactments into
consideration with a view to the relaxatiou rf the same."
This is the true course to adopt ; and if that and:similar
deputations should be armed with documents expres-
sive of the general feeling of the merchants and
traders in the several districts as to the fatal conse-
quences of these measures, an effect must be produced
upon the Ministry which will lead to the speedy re-
vision of the obnoxious and injurious provisions of
these statutes.

Austria, by snatching at the shadow of danger in
Ferrara, has perilled the substance of allegiance in
Venetian Lombardy. 2Esop is illustrated afresh.
Cupidity and the greed of power have so darkened the
judgment of METTERNICH as to jeopardize by one
rash movement the obedience of the Italian provinces
awarded to the predecessor of his Imperial Master
by the Treaty of 1815. It is specious enough to
maintain that the Government of Vienna is entitled
to the confidence of the Lombardo-Venetians, be-
cause they are permitted to prosper under the bene-
ficent dispensations of the Code Napoleon—because
causeways have been constructed at Ampezzo, Fun-
stumuntz, and elsewhere—because the mallet throbs
perpetually against the marble walls of the Milian ese
cathedral—because certain canals are dug in Berga-
masco, and certain bridges spanned across the "trot-
ting burnies " of Friuli. To adduce these things as
arguments for the continued subjection of the northern
population of Italy, would be to show the
gilding on the chains, or:the arabesques woven upon
the robes of slavery. Those, moreover, who insi st
that the position of these portions of the Italian familly
is rather enviable than otherwise, seeing that their
criminals are dealt with according to the system de
veloped in the Code of the Emperor NAPOLEON, are
either ignorant of those judicial proceedings in th e
Lombardo-Venitian territories, which have reflecte d
such odium upon the supreme tribunals of Vienna, cx
are wilfully distorting the revelations of the last thirty
summers. It would require neither the lamentation s
of PELLICO nor the impassioned appeals of GIODERT I
to persuade the dispassionate observer that the sys -
tem of criminal jurisprudence enforced throughout
the unfortunate districts south of Carinthia, the
Tyrol, and the Grisons, is opposed to all the natura 1
rights of man, and contrary to the average
forbearance of the most despotic conqueror .
That the Code Napoleon is not preserved to the Lom-
bardo-Venetians in its entirety is notorious througla-
out Christendom. That the works of utility and
decoration undertaken by Austria, and executed by
its Italian subjects, are merely like the jewels hung
from the ear-tips, and the gold coin braided among
the tresses of a concubine, is recognised by every man
not blind to the blessedness of national independ en ce.
SISMONDI, were he writing the history of his
fatherland, from the period which closes his immortal
narrative, to the demise of the Sixteenth GREGORY,
or to the protest issued by CIACCHI, the Cardinal
Legate of Ferrara, would assuredly have to deli' mate
the patience, and the anguish, and the aspirations, and
the valour, and the patriotism which agitated and
strengthened the resolves of a people groaning uncler a
confederated despotism. He would have to record the
latent eagerness with which the millions of that most
historic peninsula tarried for the opportunity which was
to arrive for their emancipation. For thirty ye ars,
he would say, the Italian people listened for the4;a3sin
which was to be the knell of their thraldom;
for thirty years they awaited the sound of that
heroic voice which was to summon them to the
acquisition of their liberty ; for thirty years the )y re-
mained in uncertainty as to the quarter from 'which
that signal should emanate. Was the sound to. re-
verberate from Valtellina or Calabria, from the
towers of Mantua or the halls of Florence, from
Cherasco or from Turin, Ifrom Bologna or from -tru,eg-
horn ? For thirty years this people pined fox the
advent of their liberation ; for thirty years they con-
tinued solicitous for the voice which sc,emed
to be eternally hushed—the voice which was t a de-
stroy the spell of the Gorgon of Despotism, - which
was to free the millionq of Italy from that st aunor
and rigidity into which they had been frozen I y the
Medusa of Vienna. At length the tocsin sot !tided,
and it sounded from the chambers of the Vat lean !
The stronghold of absolutism was conquered. The
sceptre which had for centuries been the talisn lan of
European tyranny was to break open the duugoons
of Italian patriots. The banner of the people was
unfurled upon the battlements of St. Angelo. A
new PERSEUS appeared in Rome, and, by raising the
polished buckler of the Press, and by reflecting back
upon the Austrian Medusa the horrors of the Gorgon
of Despotism, was destined to relieve the p. rbaci-
palities of the Peninsula from the bondage oil the
KAISER. It was no longer a conventional cc inspi-
racy ; it was no longer a merely local revolt of .rlaries
at the bidding of a younger SPARTACITS—it was. the
assumption of their natural rights by a vFT wee
people at the summons of their Sovereign.
Scarcely had these extraordinary occur'', er,ces
transpired than the Government of At 'stria
endeavoured to elevate again that image-, of
authority before which the Italians had hi-
therto bowed the head and bent the ltn ee,
but which was already toppled from its pedestal
and ignominiously trampled in the dust. As Plus
IX. was the author of this sublime revolution, it was.
immediately against the Papal territories that the 30-
diers ofFERDINAND were marched. Ferrara was occu-
pied, and what was the consequence ? The consequ en ce
of that proceeding was a brilliant testimony of Idle
far-seeing wisdom which, with all its infere nt jai
atrocity, is discoverable in the Prince of Machia-
velli. All who are familiar with the tre ati se
of the great Florentine historian will remember that
he remarks " it is good for a newly-crom riled
Sovereign to have enemies." For, continues the
astute philosopher, the peril evokes the affection =ad
confirms the enthusiasm of his people. Pius IX. has
been assailed almost immediately upon his coronatiiou
and it will not assuredly be denied that the or.:cups.:
tion of Ferrara by the troopers of METTERNICH ha 3
marvellously confirmed the enthusiasm of those popul.a r
affections which had been already evoked by tl ie
clemency of the Sovereign PONTIFF.

I Perilous as the position of Italy is, when its 'nib' -
Lary forces are contrasted with those of the Austria n.
empire, it is a consolation to reflect that 1;b e
enemy, with all its numerical and scientific pi !.e-
-ponderance, is in a state of deplorable decrepi-
tude. Its decrepitude can never withstand the
awakened vigour of a race struggling to redeem its
independence, and to avenge the wrongs of a dastar d ly
and tyrannous rule. General WAHEENDEN IThay
march his forces in two columns into Central Ita
as is anticipated—one column, after crossing the I 'o
at Piacenza, occupying Parma, and proceedi.r,g
to Lucca by the road to Pontremoli, --
the other, after pasisngthaendPeontenreinagr
TAluasnetatilvyvt ,
proceeding through Modena,
by the road Exertions yet more strenuow
may b
em ad teo P
not isia.
merely against the territories 0. f
t
Pope Pius and of the Grand Duke LEOPOLD, but als o
against those of King CHARLES ALBERT, t 1 le
liberal Monarch of Sardinia. All, however, will b
futile : the obedience of Venetian Lombardy i s
pear is ripe—the fairest province lof
drop from it, and absolutism willlr
.e
shaken Austria
o willdoomed—the
its foundations. Lord MINT() has nut v
arrived in the midst of these extraordinary changes,
and Lord PALMERSTON remains neither silent nol
inactive.

A letter from Vienna, of the 9th, in the Nuremburg
Correspondent, says " Yesterday the POPE'S Nur k. -
cio had a private audience of the EMPEROR, in pr -
sence of M. DE METTERNICH. Such persons as a z e
acquainted with diplomatic usages are aware th
such audiences take place only at grave conjunc' •
tures."

The Archduke STEPHEN arrived at Buda (Hutt•
gary) on the 28th ult., where he was received with
great eclat, and on the following day assumed the
functions of Lieutenant-General of the kingdom. Oa •
the Ist inst. the Archduke presided at the opening of
the first section of the Central Hungarian Railway;

which took place with great ceremony. The Arch-
duke afterwards set off to make a tour through dif-
ferent parts of the kingdom.

A letter from Rome of the Bth says—

" Letters have been received from Ferrara, which
state that the Austrians have become less exasperat-
ing. They, however, are still in occupation of the
town, and send out numerous patrols every night,
and are preparing for themselves convenient winter-
quarters ; the commandant of the garrison has or-
dered sentry-boxes to be made, which looks like as if
they were determined to remain. A sanguinary con-
flict has taken place between the Tyrolians and Hun-
garians in the Austrian service at Ferrara--the first
taking the part of the Pope, and the second defend-
ing the Emperor. Several were killed, and two Ty-
rolians and one Hungarian have since been tried by a
court-martial, and condemned to death. They were
hanged by means of a hook forced through the neck,
entering at the throat and coming out at the back.
The garrison has received no reinforcements; and
sickness, as a natural consequence of the season and
place, has made great progress among the men. In-
telligence has been received here of the arrival of
a French Government steamer at Civita Vecchia,
which is placed at the orders of M. Rossi."
Letters from Milan of the 13th state that tran-
quillity is entirely re-established in that city.
A grand manifestation took place on the Bth at

Genoa. A numerous crowd promenaded the streets
in the evening, shouting " Long live Pius IX."
" Long live CHARLES ALBERT !" "Italian indepen-
dence for ever !" The cry of " The Civic Guard for
ever!" :which had not been heard on the previous
evening, was frequently uttered. The crowd, which
was conducted by the Marquis GEORGE DORIA, was
composed of about 2,000 persons. The quarter of
Portoria was illuminated ; it was that quarter which,
in 1746, gave the signal of the great insurrection
against the Austrians. The authorities, who remained
quiet spectators of the demonstration on the previous
evening, called out on the 9th all the unoccupied
portion of the garrison. The royal palace was closed,
detachments of infantry were stationed in the public
places, and strong patrols of cavalary traversed the
streets. At about ten o'clock one of these patrols
stopped the group, in the midst of whom was the

flag, and a corporal armed with a pistol ordered the
bearer to lower it, which he immediately did. The
crowd then dispersed without resistance and without
murmurs. In the morning of the 10th a proclama-
tion of the syndics, who are the chiefs of the munici-
pality, was posted up. The Holy Father is spoken
of in it in the most approving terms, but at the sam3
time order and tranquillity are recommended, and the
Genoese are invited to show thereby their attachment
to the Government. This publication produced a
good effect, and the city was tranquil in the evening.
It was, however, feared that the agitation would re
commence on the following Sunday. It was stated
that persons, who observed great secresy, invited the
Genoese to wear the Roman colours. Thousands of
cockades were sold, and it was announced that even
the women had taken the colours of Italian indepen-
dence. At Florence the enthusiasm is still on the
increase. At the theatre, in the streets, in public
places, day and night political manifestations are
being made. Hurras were frequently given in honour
of the men who are the most known for their pa-
triotism. The coffee-houses, which have become
veritable clubs, have exchanged their names for
others that are more popular ; and this people, which
for so long a time has been separated from political
life, hastens to enjoy liberty. An enormous sum had
been withdrawn from the Savings' Bank—there was,
in fact, a veritable panic. We read in the Patria,
that, in order to stop this movement, which might have
had deplorable consequences, the Grand Duke has
had the excellent idea of depositing a large sum in
the bank under his ONVII name. It is henceforth the
Civic Guard which will alone have the mission of
watching over the tranquillity of the country, and its
first essay presages for it a fine career. It is stated
that the Grand Duke has just nominated the Here-
ditary Prince Generalissimo of the National Guard,
This Prince was born in 1835, and is consequently
only twelve years of age.
A letter from Genoa of the 13th says—
" The second popular fete, to celebrate which with
enthusiam every one had made preparations, has been
suspended by order of the Government. We know
not to what we are to attribute this decision of the
Governor, inasmuch as it is greatly in contrast with
the tolerance we have been enjoying, and still more
so with the permission granted by the authorities to
print and sell publicly patriotic hymns breathing sen-
timents most strongly in favour of Italian indepen-
dence, and containing the most energetic threats
against the Austrians. A performance of one of
these hymns with music was being got up, with the
knowledge and assent of the Government."
The following decree was posted up at Turin, on
the 14th :--

" Whereas in some provinces of the Sardinian
States the people, desirous of expressing their affec-
tion and devotedness to their august father and sove-
reign, have displayed banners different from the
national one, and tassels, ribands and cockades of dif-
ferent colours; and it being the precise intention of
his Majesty that on every occasion the national banner
and cockade be the only one used, that having been
borne with honour by the Piedmontese eight hundred
years and more, any other banner or cockade is hereby
prohibited.
LAZARI, Inspector- General of Police.
,‘ Turin, Sept. 13."
A similar decree was passed at Genoa by the mili-
tary Governor on the 12th.
A letter from Naples, dated September 9, says—
" The festival of Piedigrotto yesterday went off ex-
cellently. A great number of troops were on foot
during the day. Above 3,000 men were sent last
week to Sicily and Calabria. All here is perfectly
quiet, and we are now under no apprehension.
thereAdviees from
of Gera
Commandant SALIS immediately waited upon him,
and had a long interview. The General's presence at
en Parma of the 6th announce the arrivall RADETZKY, the Austrian General.
Parma appears to be occasioned by the state of affairs
in Italy.

Madrid journals of the 12th and 13th have ar-
rived.

The Duke DE FEIAS having definitively declined to
join the Cabinet, Senor GOYENA, the Minister of Jus-
tice, has been appointed President of the Council.
The Ministry, which is now complete, is thus consti-
tuted :—GOYENA, President of the Council and Mi-
nister of Justice ; SALAMANCA, Finance ; DE L'ES.
COSURA, Interior; CORDOVA, War; Ros DE OLANO,
Instruction and Commerce; CORTAZAB, Foreign
Affairs; and SoTELO, Marine.
Letters from Catalonia contain accounts of several
engagements at different places between .Montemo-
linist bands and the QUEEN'S troops, in ail of
which the latter are represented to have been vic-
torious.

General CONCHA, the new Captain-General of
Catalonia, reached Barcelona 'on the 12th by the
steam frigate Blasco de Garay. He left Valencia on
the morning of the 1 1 th. The cause of the
dismissal of his predecessor, General PAVIA, was his
strong bias in favour of his old patron NARVAEZ.
His letters to the late War Minister were full of
politics, and those so diametrically opposed to the
law of policy of the new Ministry that his recal was
one of the first things decided on. The reinforce-
ments which have been promised, and are to he sent
immediately, are to consist of 21 battalions of infantry
and 500 horse. These will amount to at least 10,000
men, and will make the army of occupation of the
Principality amount to about 40,000 men.
It was said that NARVAEZ, who had ordered apart-
ments to be prepared for him at Bayonne, had
written to say that he should have no occasion for
them at present.

MADRID BOLSA, SEPT. 13.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 26 1-16 for cash ; the Four per Cents.
at 164 ; the Five per Cents. at 17i; the Debt with-
out Interest at 5i ; and the Coupons at 14.

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.

The Moniteur publishes the following royal ordi-
nance :

"My most dear and beloved son, the Duke
D'AumALE, is appointed Governor-General of Algeria,
in the room of the Marshal Duke of Ism-, whose re-
signation is accepted. Our Minister Secretary of
State of the Department of War is charged with the
execution of the present ordinance.

" Given at St. Cloud, on the 11th of September,
847.

(Signed) " LOUIS PHILIPPE."
In commenting on this appointment the Consti-
tutionnel says—
" An act like this is quite new in the constitutional

history of France. The Restoration attempted no-
thing of the kind, and we look in vain to England
for any similar nomination since 1688. We have seen
on both sides of the Channel military commands both
by sea and by land given to princes, but this is the
first example of a Prince taking a direct part in the
Government. Let it be here remarked, that there is
no question in the present case of commanding an
expedition decided on and ordered by a responsible
Minister to execute the decisions of another ; it is to
direct at a distance of 200 leagues from France the
destinies of a colony as large as a kingdom , it re-
gards a position in which it will be constantly neces-
sary to take the initiative in questions of the most
grave and varied character, both civil, administrative,
and military. It is, therefore, a real ministerial de-
partment; and what would appear to us a dangerous
innovation at Paris does not seem to us less perilous at
Algiers. Constitutional questions do not change their
character by a change of place. 'Will the responsibility
be real and efficacious when it is a Prince who is
invested with these delicate functions ? We cannot
dissemble the fact that we have doubts on the subject.
It has been frequently sail that Marshal Bugeaud
held the Ministry in check; two lines in the Moniteur
however, were sufficient to put an end to the conflict;
the rejection of some of the Marshal's plans was
enough to induce him to retire. We fear that there
will be some difficulty in objecting to plans proposed
by a Prince, and that in case of any dispute arising
there would not be found many Ministers who would
be disposed to exact an ordonnance of recal. There
is, therefore, a grave constitutional question to be
examined; there is at the same time a question of
opportuneness. There is no one but must be aware
of the precarious situation in which our African
colony is just now placed. Algeria has not yet
recovered from the financial crisis which compro-
mised the colonization which had been commenced,
and military affairs take an alarming turn. Consi-
derable reinforcements are demanded; an intervention
in Morocco appears necessary to the officers who are
on the spot. Difficulties of :every kind then attend
the debiit of the young Governor-General. We can-
not prevent ourselves feeling a lively anxiety for the
distinguished young Prince, who, since he left college
six years since, has already known how to acquire
some title to public esteem, and who is now prema-
turely set forth to meet most formidable difficulties.
It will be necessary for him, at the age of Pitt, to
display those qualities of the head and of the heart
which in a few years destroyed the existence of that
most extraordinary man, or to compromise the good re-
nown which he might have acquired by rendering, on
a less extensive sphere of action, useful services to his
country."
The Presse considers this nomination a fault
which will not put an end to existing difficulties, and
will create new ones, while the National gives ut-
terance to the opinions of the Republican party in
the following terms :
" The dynasty has then accomplished one of its
most fondly cherished enterprises. One of its mem-
bers is placed on a throne, raised at the expense of
France. Between the title of Governor-General and
that of Viceroy there is but a step, and truly we do
not see why they should not at a bound have cleared
the small space which separates the two dignities. As
Governor or as Viceroy, the Duke d'Aumale will
not less reign sovereign over French Africa; the dif-
ference will only exist in the ticket affixed to the
parcel. This useless piece of hypocrisy might as well
have been spared, and things have at once been
called by their proper name. Since this unfortunate
Algeria has been submitted to our domination it has
been the object of experiments of all kinds ; at first a
purely military regime was tried—then it was the
time of civil intendants and conflicts of authority—
and then the regime of the sabre was returned to,
and Marshal Clauzel carried on, for good or
for evil, his work of conquering, which was
continued obscurely by General Damremont,
and without much eclat by Marshal Valee. A
new plan was attempted under the reign of M. Bu-
geaud ; a complete civil administration was installed
in Algeria, and the duties of each clearly pointed out.
Now, after two years of wretched hesitation, the
colony is gratified by a new organization, and the plan
of a totally responsible governor is tried. If Algeria
supports all these experiments in anima viii, it must
be allowed that it possesses a rude temperament. If
Marshal Bugeaud was a pacha, what will the Duke
d'Aumale be ? If the Ministry was obliged to hum-
ble itself before the hero of Kabylia, will it not com-
pletely disappear; before a Prince ? That is indubi-
table and necessary. And what independence will
the Chamber assume towards a member of the family
of Louis Philippe? Suppose the Duke d'Aumale
should present a new edition of the project of military
colonization, which failed in the hands of Marshal
Bugeaud, is it to be imagined that there will be found
in that Parliamentary assembly, so devotedly dynastic,
a majority who would dare to refuse to his Royal
llighness what it would not grant to its predecessor ?
But all this does not require demonstration, and may
as well be put down as simple axioms; for the con-
sequences of the nomination of the Duke d'Aumale,
as far as regards responsibility, are more clear than
the sun at noonday."
The new Governor- General will find his office no
sinecure. The french Government has, it is said,
received information of the continued and triumphant
progress of ABD-EL-KADER in Morocco, which it
keeps a secret, as far as possible, from the French
publie. The National says—
" General Bedeau has positively sent by telegraph
to the Ministry the news of the entry of Abd-el-
Kader into the town of Taza, in Morocco, at the
head of 1,500 regular cavalry, 1,000 infantry, and
about 2,000 horsemen of the goum. In transmitting
to the Government the announcement of this fact, the
Governor-General ad interim has solicited authority
to interfere immediately between the Emir and the
Emperor. Measures are already taken to secure the
tranquillity of the interior of Algeria. Troops are
concentrated on the principal points, and the batta-
lions which had been detached in different parts to
work on the roads have rejoined their garrisons. The
division of Oran has been reinforced, and a part of
that of Algiers is ready to be carried at a moment's
notice to the western frontier. Everything is, there-
fore, ot
Bedeauarte
e,
smpree
np:ia
er
med for
y e
r,immediate entering
are Asloo ro cwceo a
l,
l and
intervention.aw aGr ee n
Oureroa lf
their own weakness that they tremble at
the idea of a conflict, in which England would
not, perhaps, long delay to interfere. To intervene
in Morocco, to pass for a second time the frontier of
our African possessions, is quite a diplomatic ques •
Con, and who knows whether Lord Palmerston
would now permit what Lord Aberdeen authorised
with such a bad grace in 1844 ? Our Ministers, then,
tremble at the sole mention of the names of Abd-el-
Kader and of his rival. The dispatch of General
Bedeau has therefore been received with visible ill-

humour. The solution of the question is postponed,
according to the custom of cowards. Poor creatures!
It was not enough that they should have from Italy,
from Switzerland, from Spain, and at home so many
threatening and formidable affairs, but a mischievous
Marabout must come and add to the unfortunate em-
barrassment of our governors by an audacious coup de
tete. Events, however, will conquer the hesitations of
M. Guizot and of his worthy colleagues. We shall
be led on to intervene, in spite of their repugnance,
and by the force of circumstances alone. Indecision
is, therefore, useless, and we shall, by adopting such
a course, be under the necessity of pursuing the Emir
into the very heart of Morocco, instead of crushing
him in the neighbourhood of our frontier, as we
might now easily do."

It is said that the Marquis of NORMANTIY not only
communicated to M. GUIzoT on Thursday a dispatch
from Lord PALMERSTON to Lord PONSONDY, the
British Ambassador at Vienna, declaring that Great
Britain would suffer no attack upon the indepen-
dence of Italy, but that he renewed the protest of
England against the continued occupation of Algeria
by France. This renewal of the protest was pro-
bably preparatory to a declaration against any French

intervention in Morocco. The National, which is
generally well informed in foreign affairs, gives the
following as the substance of the note presented by
the Marquis of NORMANBY, on Austrian affairs :
" If we are correctly informed the Marquis of
Normanby handed to M. Guizot on Thursday a
diplomatic note from his Government relative to the
affairs of Italy. It appears that England declares in
her quality of a constitutional power that she cannot
admit the intervention of Austria with the indepen-
dent states of Italy. Europe is interested in pre-
venting one first-rate power from pressing on a vast
confederated territory. The Austrian possessions are
limited by treaty, and it would be a consent to a
compromising extent of power to admit the right of
the Cabinet of Vienna to make use of an
armed force in order to retain under her sub-
jection sovereign states whose internal constitu-
tion has been modified by the course of
events. The objection of that which was done in
Portugal by England herself naturally presents itself
to the mind. The British Cabinet, however, replies
to that objection by pretending that the three Powers
bound by precedents interfered solely to terminate a
civil war, and that nothing similar exists either at
Modena or Lucca or in Tuscany, or in the Roman
States, but that, on the contrary, a perfect conformity
of sentiment exists between the Government and the
population ; and that if in one of the smallest states,
as in Lucca, the chief of the Government appeared
to be opposed to the wishes of his subjects, there is
nothing in his. ,conduct which could authorise an
appeal to foreign force. England, faithful to the
ideas which had at another period been cherished in
France, and which had induced the course of conduct
pursued by those; two Powers with respect to Spain
and Portugal, cea her
siders it to be duty to cause

the principle of the sovereignty of nations and of the
independence of states to he respected. This is
what has been stated to us with respect to that com-
munication, but which we do no guarantee. If it
be such as we have stated, it explains the report so
widely circulated, that, if Austria makes a movement
on Central Italy, a British fleet has received orders to
enter the waters of Trieste and of Venice."
The Commerce says, that a rumour prevailed on
Friday that Austria had notified to the Powers her
determination to interfere in the Duchies of Parma
and Lucca and in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
General WALMODEN is to execute that project of in-
tervention, with the Austrian troops now marching
towards Italy. The forces under the command of
that general will simultaneously enter Central Italy
on two points. One column will cross the Po on the
side of Placentia, and the other near Mantua. The
first will occupy Parma, and, by the Pontremoli road,
advance to Lucca; the second will traverse Modena,
enter Tuscany on the side of Pistoja, and occupy
Florence and Leghorn. The Court of Vienna, more-
over, in order to ensure the success of its designs,
takes good care to renew its declarations in favour of
the independence of the Holy See. Austria does not
mean to menace the Roman States.
The Moniteur publishes a decree of amnesty for
all persons engaged in the corn riots last winter.
The appointment of the Duke D'AUMALE to
Algeria has given great umbrage to the army
generally, and in order to conciliate the officers a
royal ordonnance has been signed at the Tuileries,
but without a date, creating Lieutenant-General
REILLE, the son-in-law of MASSENA, to be Marshal
of France in the place of Marshal OUDINOT, and the
General of Engineers, DODE DE LA BRUNERIE, to be
a Marshal in place of Marshal GROUCHY. By another
ordonnance General CHANGARNIER is appointed to the
command of the division in Algiers in place of Gene-
ral DE BAR, who is to command at Nantes. It was
agreed by the remaining members of the Cabinet that
Marshal SOULT should assume the Government of the
invalids, in order to give the Presidency of the Coun-
cil to M. GuizoT. In fine, Marshal BUGEAUD has
been offered the command of the expedition to Mo-
rocco, in case such an expedition should be under-
taken.

The affairs of Spain continue to give great uneasiness
to the French Government. It was stated in Paris that
NARVAEZ had succeeded in corrupting the army, and
would in one week be proclaimed Dictator of Spain,
in which case it is not improbable that a Carlist out-
break on an extensive scale would take place, and
with every prospect of success. The Union llfo-
narchique says that Louis Pnium3 wished to
assemble an army of 80,000 men at the foot of the
Pyrenees, but that in consequence of the crippled
state of the finances 40,000 men only would be
assembled.
The Journal des Debate of Saturday gives the fol-
lowing explanation of its recent silence on the subject
of the affairs of Spain :
" We feel great repugnance to mix ourselves up
with the discussions which the journals of the Oppo-
sition have for some time carried on with respect to
the affairs of Spain. The sort of polemics to which
the Spanish Ministry has thought it right to put an
end by ordinances, seems to us as if it ought above
all to have been interdicted by the laws of decency,
and of the most ordinary good taste ; and it appears
to us that, in insults of such a nature, to take
them up and reply to them would be a new offence.
We regret that this sentiment of reserve on our part
is not sufficiently understood in Madrid. We re-
ceive letters from that capital, in which astonish-
ment is expressed at seeing articles of the journals
of Paris, in which the Queen is grossly insulted, and
in which the throne of Spain is declared vacant and
put up to auction, pass without reply. The truth is,
we estimate the value of these diatribes by the effect
they produce here. In France they pass almost
unperceived ; but it appears that in Spain people
think fit to allow themselves to be affected by them,
and to consider them as serious. We should lose our
time and trouble if we sought to persuade the journals
of the Opposition that they sacrifice the interests of
their country to those of their passions, and that by
such abuses of writing they only serve a foreign
cause. Such a consideration would no doubt affect
them very little. All, then, that we can do is to tell
the Spaniards that their susceptibility is very ill-
placed, and that they would do better to attach no
more importance to these turgid declamations than
we ourselves have done, and than we shall continue
to do."

M. EYNARD has, it seems, reconsidered the sub-
ject of his Bill for the quarter's instalment on the
loan due from Greece to England, and has determined
to pay the money. He has addressed a long letter to
the Presse on the subject, in which he states, that
" Not having received any answer to his former
communication to Lord Palmerston, had respectfully
repeated his representations to that Minister, who at
last authorised Lord Normanby to enter into com-
munication with him. In an interview which took
place M. Eynard stated that his intention was always
to pay the sum which he had offered, but that he had
thought himself entitled to profit by his position to
represent to England the propriety and justice of
showing more moderation towards Greece. At the
same interview, M. Eynard communicated to his
Lordship a letter, which he had addressed to M. Co.
letti on August 30. In this latter communication M,
Eynard says :
"As soon as I heard from you that Sir E. Lyons
had insisted on demanding payment of the 5C.0,0001.
I immediately made arrangements to provide the
funds necessary to meet the bill. Whatever sacri-
fices it was necessary for me to make, considering the
scarcity of money at present, and the depreciation of
all kinds of securities, the funds were procured.
Therefore, in case Sir E. Lyons should say to yen—
' M. Eynard has not honoured the draft,' reply firmly
'M. Eynard will pay when it becomes due, we are
perfectly certain. He has acted as he ought to do in
saying that the money was ready before it was due ;
but, in his lively interest for Greece, he demanded
from England a straightforward explanation as to the
intentions of the English Government relative to th e
half-year falling due in September.' "
M. EYNARD, in the same communication to M.
COLETTI, expresses himself thus with respect to the
administration of the revenues of Greece :
" Now let us come to that which is most important
for Greece. Your financial administration must
absolutely be organized with greater regularity ;
and France, who has always been so kind and

generous, will be forced to insist upon this, for
she cannot resist the observations of the two other
Powers, and I myself, who am so sincerely attached to
your country, cannot allow that your public revenue
should diminish every year, whilst the country has
made a positive progress, and whilst your agriculture
and home and foreign commerce have been prosperous
in every way. It is, therefore, evident that there
have been abuses and disorder of all kinds, which
you ought absolutely to put a stop to. You cannot
hope to obtain the adoption of y our plan for the sale
of the national property, unless in the first years you
bind yourselves to give at least 500,000 drachmas
every six months. If you restore order in your
finances you may easily make these payments, with-
out injury to the prosperity of your country."
M. EYNARD, in the letter to the French journals,
complains bitterly of the manner in which his conduct
has been commented on in some of the London
journals, and then says :
" I now declare that, after having up to the present
time used vain efforts to plead the cause of Greece
with the English Ministry, I have to-day authorised
my bankers, MM. G. Odier and Co., to pay, en the
20th September, the draft of 500,000 f. to the order of
the English Government."

A Reform banquet took place at Cernay, at which
the KING'S health was proposed in these words :
" The KING of the FRENCH, to whom France con-
fided, seventeen years ago, the guardianship of her
destinies and glory. May he soon respond to our long
expectation." The toast was received with cries for
the " Marseillaise."

"It is stated," says the Courrier Francais," that
a division of three Austrian men of war has quitted
Trieste to cruise in the Adriatic. On the 7th these
vessels were in sight of Ancona. They remained
there several hours in observation, and then continued
their course towards the Gulf of Tarento."
The Persian Ambassador arrived in Paris on
Friday.

The Marquis DE BOISSY is gone to Italy.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Bourse on Satur-
day at 751. 20c.; the Five per Cents., 1141. 10c.; the
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,138 f. 75c. ; Rouen, 900 f. ;
Havre, 530 f. ; Great Northern, 508 f. 75c. ; Avignon,
5101. ; Vierzon, 5301. ; Bordeaux, 4301. ; Bouloryne,
347 f. 50c. ; Dieppe. 2501, ; Basle, 1601. ; Paris andStrasburg, 365 f. ; Tours and Nantes, 337 t. 50c.; Paris
and Lyons, 365 f.; Lyons and Mignon, 445 f. ; Spanish
Passives, 44.
MARSEILLES, SEPT. 14.—Marteilles and Avignon,
548 f. 75c. ; Northern, 5231. 75c.

LYONS, SEPT. 16.—Paris and Rouen, 908 f. 75e.; Avig-
non and Marseilles, 515 f. ; Vier;on, 527 f. 50c. ;
Northern, 513 f. 95c. ; Paris and Liens, 372 f. 50c. ;
Orleans, 1,150 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Stu-ft-quint. 18.
Boulogne and Amiens, 13—Central of Fraice (Orleans
crud Vierzon), l4%—Dutch iii34ash, %

—Namur and Liege, 3V,—Northern of France, 9%—Orlea
and Bordeaux, 31% ex int.—Paris and Lyons, 24—Paris and
Strasbourg, —Rouen and Havre, 20—Sambre and
Meuse, 73/.

REGISTRATIONS.—(THIS DAY.)
CITY OF LONDON.
(Before Mr. T. Y. M'CnitisTiE).
RULES AS TO COSTS IN CASES OF OBJECTIONS.--*
At the commencement of the sittings of the court
this day Mr. APCHRISTIE said that he wished to call
the attention of the agents and' parties present to the
provisions of the Registration Act as to costs in cer-
-1 tain cases, and laid down the course which it was his
intention to pursue. The Learned Gentleman then
referred to the several clauses of 6th of Vic., c. 18,
for regulating the proceedings in cases of objections
to the names of freemen and liverymen, to appear 00
the list of voters, and then proceeded to refer to the
40th section of the Act, which stated "that if in any
case it shall appear to any Revising Barrister holding
any court as aforesaid, that any person shall under
this Act have made, or attempted to sustain' any
groundless, or frivolous, or vexatious claim or objec-
tion, or title to have any name inserted or retained in
their list of voters, it shall be lawful for the barrister
in his discretion to make such order
think fit for the payment by such Pell
of the costs or any part of the cost 0
any person, resisting such claim, or objection,
or title." Then it is provided that as he shall
by
costs,.
shall not exceed 205., and it is also provided OP
wherever any Revising Barrister shall have made any
such ;order for the payment of any sum of money
for costs by any person who shall have made a J
,e
objection as aforesaid, it shall not be lawful for the
said Barrister to hear or admit roof of any
ether
objection, or notice of objection, made or signed Id
the said person until the sum of money so order
to be paid by him for costs be paid." The reastli:
the Learned Gentleman said, he had now taken in
liberty of bringing the notice of these sections ,
detail to their attention was because he had fou.nt
that with respect to the general rule as to costs will;
he had laid down on Friday morning, that rule win
considered to be one of importance, and because, n
a faithful report made to the public, which be bad !.eabi
of what had passed on the occasion, there was asLigr,
mistake—slight, as to the report, but of great into
tance as affecting his practice,
to inconvenience. It was more than probable that
bebe
himself was to blame for the misapprehension
0.
alluded to, and in consequence perhaps of
and which might e.
the
way in which he had announced his view. l'heudni!,
cussion had arisen upon the question of hew gro
less objections were to be dealt with as requir!!
costs, and he confessed he had great difficultyr;
laying down anything like a general eces•
upon the subject, but he had felt it absolutely n ad.
sary to do so, because, from what he had
thats the
hered to in Court, there could be no doubt
.ons
number of utterly groundless notices of cbkefliets
which had been given to names retained onatTyverted
was enormous. The report to which he had %jell he
stated that he had said the general rule °n Iv
that he
should act, with regard to the objections, was „ and
" should require the objections to be gone inou!toL.s,
that, if they proved to be groundless or vexati. or
should impose costs. But what he either stated, be
intended to stated, as his rule, so far as it eoutbuig
called a rule, was, first, that he should d 0 4de
that he could consider calculated to deter Lona
objections being made and brought forward; seccruid;
that where groundless objections were broughles
ward he should give costs ; and, thirdly,
cases of notices of objection which had been Wain%
when these cases were called on from the lists wu
told tbe
had been delivered to him, if he were then
passed
objections were withdrawn, as these notices bad_
that
.veto,
through all the machinery and formalities be.
_.°;
just read from the Act, and ,the originals had ncv.
placed in his hands, provided the parties to w,nr,„
names the objections had been taken, and upo.n wain
the notice had been served, appeared and inforn7
him that they had received those notices of objectlionmr
upon the handwriting of the objector being proveut be
admitted, be should hold, notwithstanding he rnighwv,
told at this late period the objections were withdra de,
that under the Act the objections had beelllirtia le
and in such cases give costs, and that was ei,/ 0
he should adhere to. It had been contended of
gentleman before him, that because those notices
by
objection were not to be attempted to be sustanw",
the objecter, he (the Revising Barrister) had no ccrth
nisance of them, and could not therefore deal wit
them, but he could not accede to such a prortnijf
A notice of objection was given and publisbec•
the objection said that the party objected to w.'_„.
in Court, he proceeded to prove his notice of c!D,l.__vv,
tion, and then the person objected to not
_b,,,tl;
present to prove the qualification of the Act of :170
liament required him to erase that person's na_lni.,,nev
if the objector sees him in Court, he seemed tofsin°,
that he had only to state that he had bear; his
formed by somebody, and that he
objection. The party groundlessly objected
fore had only the alternative, either of beningenurt
franchised, or of making his appearance ;sequence
simply to hear from the objector that innctieoan
to
him.
of his appearance there was
no
tjat the situation
Leo t!)
_thedisre:
Was that not a case for costs ?
in which a person objected to was Plac
di Sfranehisement if he did not appear,
ht beuon the
assailable his qualification hisabsence,, of
'n hedweveerrttainin-
mere proof, without another wordhavng
a groundless notice of objection to
it was eng-
announced his principle of proceeding,'a
been giving. When he (the Learned him
mentlenian)
all cases to proceed to have his objections, osez
all
that such a rule might induce the objectorr2u
notices, fully discussed, though he might feel z",,,,
fled they were totally untenable. His answer
that was, that he should endeavour so to toga
late late the amount of costs as that if he found any
system resorted to, he should have in his own bane_
a check upon it, or, at any rate, a power to causro,
payment to be made for any such unnecessary Pr
ceeding and consumption of time.
The Court then proceeded with the Livery, c°/31‘
mencing with the Founders' Company.
Several objections were sustained on both 501'
chiefly on the ground of residence beyond the xv°
quired bounds.

LIEUT. MUNRO'S SENTENCE.
In I
the course of Saturday a communication °
received by the governor of Newgate from Sir Get,
Grey, the Secretary of State for the Home DePli.„-
ment, announcing that her Majesty had been, badciously pleased to commute the sentence whicu
been recorded (that of death) on Lieutenant
ander.Thompson Munro, to twelve months' imPr.l
Tor-
ment. in her Majesty's Gaol of Newgate. The In tle
illation was instantly conveyed by Mr. Cop
gratitude for
to Lieut. Munro, who expressed his utrtieti
Accoi.
. for the clemency which had been
to him. Although in accordance to the rules
after
regulations of the prison, Lieut. Munro Wa, titbst
the sentence had been recorded removed fronl
part of the prison in which untried persons are Picacthe
yet everything that could add to the comfort 010y0
unfortunate gentleman has been done. ile
a great portion of his time in reading arid wr' /sip,
besides being visited by the governor, the ebtfielit.
and the sheriffs, as well as his friends; in fact' :nos
Munro. is as comfortable as the peculiar circuras:- ed,
njentiornorty
of his case will permit. It may here be
that on his trial there were between thirty ar'd if
his
persons.. who. had come from Tain, the Placte:spesl4
nativity in Ross-shire, at their own expense, 71-0-nne'
to his general character, but it was considered
cessary to call them.

CAPE OF GOOD Horn.—Letters from the.„,,Clarli;
i-
'° nothing ntor;ehei2tiOcthoffiofeeJru,lyishanivuecbheenrergeucierievdedi,nby the JuLve bola
energetic
state that Sir Harry Smith, or some ael`•" for
ng is doing in Kafirland but letting to
cattle n The 90th
__,
while waiting for r • fo
to
was sent down threeienmroceetrabse since to cape Tdoliv:a
obe ready to embark for England, but is agaid
ling
back i 0
s.. to the frontiers, and all the soldiers ea,ned and
sehnipts, on their way home from India, are aeta",ed very
to the frontiers. Perfect child's Play' one
uwaharassing to the feelings ofthe soldiers, to be '
The eolonl
y, then back again, in - d
over and over aga • daily ins tea
is in a wretch d s-
c state, and " getting worse
of btt " e er. Rear-Admir waiting 10 •
al Dacras wag MaurittuS
patches from England before he went to the d froni
England later than April. The Seringa
in the President. No letters bad been receive
sore,
t the
ship was daily looked for. The Brilliant, 26, wag at
Cape,ur. and Captain Watson was to carry on_it.ile na, 16,
otdfout:elos.nt p
....„ h
been 1 i
had
ding the absence of the Admiral. The r'.„iver-arreona
one to the Mauritius for specie. The -pea" 0 to
steamer was employed in carrying troops endingstet' tile
Waterloo and Buffalo Bays. lrl
The Snake crtier
Mozambique, and Eurydice at the Isle of France. too
Majesty's steamer Blazer, Lieutenant Wiegreve' bet
scbeeert
aei
surveyingnb et hed
re
3oF, en
it.
coal, and gone to Harwich to resume
Within the last two days a funeral stone has betehile
placed over the tomb of the Duke de Praslin, irl .0.
Robert. Bloye, arnasse. .i.No name as beei
in the centre. A large cross has been merely ihsell
Admiral
DEATH OF ADMIRAL BLOYE, C•B.--",!ear7- „ace,
Southsea, e, C.B„ died at his residence, Ring ',te. -stance
sea, on Tuesday night, which sudden circuin
died
had so powerful an effect upon Mrs. Bloye, that she
reared
in three hours afterwards of grief. The ab 11:1
Rear Admiral was • ' midshipman of the Marlborou, tier
Howe's •
action of the glorious Ist of June ; coninlaa,,",s_
of the Lyra on the north coast of Spain in 1812 and lo'ai
n active co-operation with the Paton shore
e
e siege
the defenceof Castro,while P
serving on shore at th
of St. Sebastian.
THE FAILURE OF MESSRS. GEMMELL BiloTraltsl
At a meeting of the creditors of Messrs. Gen3te';
Brothers, and the foreign houses d with that
coenecte wl • h
a will'
firm, held Friday,
on statements were submitte _,,../„
showed favourably for the house in the Lima and v•,..
paraiso trade. Its surplus, after discharging all 1101'1
ties, appears to be large, and the businoBs, therefore,
is
will not be ' interrupted. The affairs of the East Ind
s
House also appeared to be in a much less disastrou
toiaiL
P94iii9l4 t"I3 1354 )4tql OPPPQs4gI,-117erth fig rft ti 11 i
Prie te 3133°113:°iPijillicigeir-

i'l(

the I
'aril

to 2c
beim
scud
tc
Tr
Porte

Pitt°
Eq
Grl
ke
111, 1
)1

I
Dn
I

Dc
f
Do.
Do,

-Orlea
)(Iris and
)re and

AY.)

r, Col3l'

1 siaeir
;he re'

146N-EY and COMMERCIAL. NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
h The Cotton market at Liverpool on Saturday was
eavY again, American sorts being *d. to id. per lb.
, er
than on the day preceding. The sales were 2,000
dalesEh of American at 61d. to "id. per lb. Railway
doiares Were still declining, and with very little business
ag.

The rumours against various firms in the City have
Enbsided
to a great extent, and, although further dis-
,,43ters may be inevitable, it would appear that the
~A
7tlniary inconvenience resulting from the stoppages
1411 be materially felt abroad and in the colonies, and
c'saibly only subsequently, in full force here. This re-
lilainS to be seen; but certainly, seeing the immense
121. abilities of some of the suspended firms, it is singular
that there should be so few comphints of loss on 'Change
or in
private converse.
There are several ship arrivals to-day, but the date of
the
accounts brought is generally not so recent as those
already
come to hand.
The Corn market is higher again this morning. On
the Continent also prices have been rather firm. The
4change at Hamburgh last Tuesday was steady on
ndon at 1,, r-1 •,, • . - -