The Sun.
London, England, 1823-10-29 00:00:00

teem Leith and. brihe -Canal. The trade of Leith 'for `Wei
was 484,082. tons-100,008 'tons of which we may set down
as on Glasgow account. : ,Ikre know a$ a:fact, that, on some
thearticles, Glaugovi merchante-vay more duties in Leith than in
Clydp.
The annual trade Of••Glaowi therefore, may be taken at
800,000 tons, and which;diti the navkation of the Clyde and
the Great Canal allow,.would all concentrate in this place, and
which could be made to concentrute hire, without any extraor-
dinary trouble r expense: itz4t' .• . . - ' ' •
Take the average of the '
:of the eargoes at 3W. t2Ol ton,
register tonnage, would giv 4,000,0001. annually fir tile fo-
reign, the coasting and internal coesuniUtion trade carried on
in this place, which, though not'all in Glasgow, is on'Olasgow
account. ' .' . .
The value ofour cotton manufactures must borers, great. The
official value of the cotton exports of Great Britain' was for last
year about 27 millions,•being an increase beyond the preceding
of 3,382,2241. ae.ld.-above 14 per cent. These, be it recol,
lected, are chiefly of the cheapest kind of goods. Taking this.
Onto consideration the value of the articles consumed in this
country are morelhan equal to, the export amount, or making
logetho.'oo4ollliniis sterling alltptiolly..
The number of lbw of cotton cast itimed in this species Of me.
mifecture was 120,0001000; which would raise the produce to
the value oflOs. for each lb. when lit for exportation or the con,
mumer in this country., . .
Glasgow consumes anntiallY 57,000 .bales-itay 18,000,000
lbs. which at the above 'lntl, gives 9,000,0001.)3er annum as the
value of her cotton manufactures alone.
We should not doubt that the Banks. establialied in this city
pass through their hande, in paying out and receiving in money,
2,00,000,0001, per annum.
We do not mean to say that these calculations are accurates
but after all we believe they are not far from the truth.
The preceding statements are sufficient to: phew the vast ex-
tent of thp.trade and manufactures of this place increasing—,
and `still farther to increase. '
That the trade is rapidly increasing we here undeniable evi-
donee. In three yeara ending. 1821, the • average increase was
840900 tons. Tice • Customs . duty, received in 1820, :wait
11:428/. 19s.—and in 11322, 22,723/. 17s. 2td.—Doubled in two
yearel
.. - • • •►
Situate on the banks of a fine navigable river, far removed
from the !dread of hoetile foreign naval attack, and in' the
midst of a „country abounding with every thing that can tend
tb supply and 'support manufacttires of every" cleScription, it
.must in some measure be the fault of our oitiZOOS if trade .
and manufactures forsake us, and take up their abodes in other
pans.
But the activity, industry and capital employed in other places
require corresponding activity and industry here, and the vast
magnitude of our trade points out the propriety and necessity of
'concentrating it'as Much as possible in.our own
.port.
That the Clyde can be, ,deepened, the experience of a few
gear.' has Most setisfactorily • sliewn—that it can be still fur.
ther deepened there cannot remain a deubt, 'and that till it is
so to a' degree .censiderably greater than at present, there
must be danger to large vessels in navigating it, is a self-evi-
dent truth. . ,
I • The depth of water in spring tides in the ebbest part of the
riverl in, we believe, 114 feet. That might be increased leer or
• five feet without difficulty. The tide ruses at the Broornielaw
seven feat—ht Port-Glasgow and ()Remick front 15 to 16 feet.
To the difference the 'Clyde might bideepened, and at any rate
five feet more than at present, and still leave a considerable de:
scent to aid In carrying off the bottom, byloosening the mud,
as the parer') is contracted and its current thereby accelerated,
the judicious end easy copse atpreeent pursued,
flow the works should be performed or executed it
would be
presumptuous in us todecide. It is at present in hands anxious
and eager to carry the object into effect, and with their own ex-
perience and the advice of able engineers, which they, willno
doubt seek and readily obtain, the work daily advancing will,
we hope, soon be carried into tomplete effect. •
Vessels of 230 tons, with lht cargoes, can et preaent come up to• the Bmotniele,w, but. thud. retti*l'lv "'l'"''t .4 400 -",-,1 denger. and, from the preeentf4 ., .....,,,.. „ii Zia
prod..-. delay., With the `f ,f,,,,), ueleeter in tire river niii cyC; //Weis 0 ' }'at-t/ftdditional di of five feet, hew!
t. inn liairilk
,gatiferilitillicient to .c;..ry 64, ' the. trade of
iie . with every quarter of the woad might came up
t to,
ter ... at, and proceed to their most distant destinations from our
, .
.sown deers.
With this depth of water vessels fir for the West Imps
' trade, the American, North American, South American.
'A friean, Mediterranean,piiiiiih, and Portuguese trades could
all land.and take in their cargoes in docks constructed in
this port.
And to extend this to the Baltic end ,European Continental
'ports, on the shores of tha German °cum, it would only here
been necessevy to carry into effect the ' plan Proposed, end we
believe in part acted upon some years ago, natnely, to tleppen
the' Great Canal by raising its'banks three‘feit, when a depth
of water would be obteinedsufficient to bear t 9 Port hennas,
'all those vessels laden with Glasgow property, from the ports
endplates in the north of Europe mentioned, and which are
now compelled to terminate their voyages at Grangemouth 1
and Leith.
No one can, for a moment suppose that this ,is not .a most
desirable object; to attain, and that it can be attained there is no
reason to doubt. .. , ,
Nor heed the 'contemplated concentration of trade in Glasgow
alarm the ports below. Experience has taught, that while die
trade does rapidly cdnren trate in filasgoi, the trade of Greenock
continues to increase . greatly. The capinall skill and industry
of her population, would soon find out places with which they
would upen:up a lucrative 'trade.- As Glasgow inctisisee, lo
will Greenock. .The prosperity of the is intimately con-
'fleeted with the prosperity of the ether. • ' '
The advantages of having 800,000 tons of shipping concen.
trated at this point—at the. firotimielaw ' anti Port-Dundee,
with the farther. inceeised tonnage, as the trade of this place
increased, are too obrious to require farther elucidation or
coituneriti , -• ' -
But before this can be Alone) or even properly speakinghe-
gun, Wet and Dry Docks' niust be constructed ' here,' Air till
this is the case, large vessels will not come up .m.l Patti where,
in case of accidents, they could not be repaired. '.5 easures
should be immediately adopted • to,, get those-censtructed, and
the situation for these will be best determined bytheir con-
venience' for bonding warehouses, thestaghita -by the proper
situation for the Public Offices connected. with the Excise,
and -Customs, and in fact with ill commercial places 'at bulb.
netts, and these. last again by the relative situations of the
thoo• ports, and what ma be considered es the -centre of Glas-
gow. .
• • The Most central sitnetion; considering the nreeent state of.
Glasgow, and contemplating its profitable future increase; aud-
its equi-distant from both parts and convenient for business
of.every kind, it unquestionably the ground between Quern-,
street and 13tichananoitreet 'behind the Royal Hank. Thiel
ground being at present mostly' vacant, 'mild be obtained at it,
moderate rate; but being so conveeiently,situeted for building,; i
will soon be filled up with hoaxes, when the purclase ww.either,
be greatly enhauced or the advantages to be obtained from its
altogether last. . . . .
. On this ground, With JO opening both' 'to Buchanen-street!
and Queen-street, let an elegant range .of buildings, as at Li-I
verpool, be,ereeted,..which would contain' office, for the Exciee,
Customs, Stands, and apartments for every pub is boay.oeipl,o,
engaged in trade and businces. Such a 'range of buildings)
conid be erected es, would prove not . A, greater convenience to;
all mercantile and Public men than those would prove advan-1
Inge,out to the Company iwhich: carried tiiern into 'effect, and!
,ornamental to this city. The convenience to mercantile men in
getting.vetrust
alalltsubeebir
,bautiii:spoo
rtilouutie4l;
ooftiePltteeWould
abbedinaeatlethe:
lably greet. _
ornamenting,'
same time, benefiting the city, is undertakers of the, ow, will
rniovt4ritetilleateititiphitagatin,dsotheast.se'
Linniti:
aleittoe.nrit'iletitlsti.,g.pprileried!it'fa,:tigt:
cs:aiitt°ll:da;6l'bi,foo :be:
kept steadily in view.
lii this wealthy and ,:puulte..spi .
buildings
pnregssencotticotenutp:attedhro;•ugdeheptielne
difficulty to ptocure the funds neeer3ArY to Acc•mirlit4b all these,
object* •natuely, twerect the
the Clyde and also the Great t'enal, Which lettere if not done,
it into be apprehended- that the Caledonian Oinai will draw
off to it some of the trade which
&finer. •

With regard to the funds to c.trry theme grand operatiana into
effect, if these could not be obtained here,, whioh we will not
for a moment believe, why then we conceme they rooky be ob_
tained in London.- Surely the security which could be offered
to the stock Bxclumge, for example, would lAmuch raarctao.
gible, and infinitely preferable to 'Spotlit Bondi,Colombian
funds, and
•Poyailambbles.
Only let some of our intelligent and active merchants take
these matters in hand and we have not the smallest doubt but
the whole would be carried into effect with honour to the city
and advantage to all.

NORTiIERN Ex.pt:DlTioN.

i!OK THE SUN.
Ma. EDITQW7*.the ioterest which the labours
of the gallant officers and men employed in the late
Northern Expedition has naturally awakened, and
the hopes and fears no less naturally entertained'
for their own safety, and for the final success of
their idyenturous enterprise, induce me to send
you the following abstract of What has heen
done by their predecessors, to discover •R -North`{
West Passage to India. A more interesting
account will be found in 'the book of -John liar.
row, 14#4,41te zealouspromoter of the late Nor.
there Eipeditions.
In the year' 861 one of the Scandinavian pi.
rates who desolated the .mrire southern regions of
Europe, was driven .by.adverse winds to an cm-
known island, which he named Sttowland and
which a sub Sequent visitor called Iceland ; and
in 982, Eric Ronda discovered and landed upon
the coast of East .Greenland. About the year
1001 Biron, and after him Leif, visited an hi..
therto unknown tract, to which they gave
the name `'of. Finland, and 'Which is supposed
to have been either Newfoundland or the coast
of Canada. No permanent settlement was formed
here ; and the Colonies on West Greenland
were destrpyed by the.'Esquimaux, whilst an ac.
cumulation of ire upon the eastern coast of this
peninsula, shut out the colony from all commu-
nication with 'Europe in the year 1406, .since
'which period it has proved wholly inaccessible.
Frisland passing over the subsequent discovery
of Ertefilaud„ supposed to be the Fero islands
and Newfoundland, visited by the two Zeno* at
the clinks of the 14th century ; the visit. of John
and Sebastian Cabot to Newfoundland about 1496;
the many attempts made during the 16th century
by the Portuguese to discovero passage to India
by the north of America, when Gasper Cotereal
visited Labrader, and 'is even conjectured to
have entered Hudson's -Bey, • and the River St.
Laurence, in 1500; we shill proceed te'the first
attempts of English navigators to explore the
northern regions.
pscie3, suit:: Liu stops,. (tnes4 AIL ner
Ilia spirit of discovery and norillan
prize, burst forth under the reign of Henry
and flourished under that of :his daughter Eliza. both. Newfoundland, Canada, Greenland, Cape
Breton, were successively visited by private in.
dividuals, and in 1553 Sir Hugh Willoughby was
appointed to the command of the first regular ex.
;sedition sent,
:out lot the purpose of discoveries.
Three small vessels 'and two pinnaces sailed 'on
the 20th of May, 1553, but the result of this.
.voyage, proVed most disastrous to the Commander
and to the, gallant crews or two of the vessels, the
whole of 'Whims ()diens bIY perished from cold and
hungeren tine East coast of Lapland. The remaining
vessels, a fter•passing Wardhuys, reached Archon.'
gel ; and the Captain, Richard Chancellor, pro.
seeded to:' Moscow, and was presented to the
Curlews Basilevich ;,then returned Safely to Eng-
land. In 1556; this 'Sati. Chan ce nor,' and another
in their way to Archangel, fell in with Nova
Zensbla, and passed the Straits of Waigatch, but
:Chancellor was.evelituitlly drowned, with most of
his men, on the east of the Connor *timid.
In ,1570, _Martin Frobisher sailed in search of
north-west passage, and in three successive
voyages, visited Greenlend, and entered The
inlet, hence called Frohiaher's Straits; but this
expedition proved a.complete failure, • end ortoe.
Nally cooled the order of government for similar
enterprizes. Several voyages, of no great con.
sequence, were, however, undertaken, at ditierent
tunes, by various companies of Merchants. .The
moat important of these expeditious, was that
under. the orders of John Davis in 1,585, who
eovered'an open passage westward, between Fro.
.bisher's archipelago and Cumberland's Isles.
In 1588, he explored the coist of Labrador, and
in 1587 lie attained a latitude of 72 deg. It min.,
in the Strait that bears his name, entered,4ud.
son's Strait, and fealty :reached the 73 deg. of
northern latitude, and , died persuaded that a
North, West,'passage really. existed..
About:this time, Ans-NW, Librarian of ,:the
A sisbroslan Library at Milan, published an ac.
count of; A pretended discovery of thi; Straits of
Arian, and of a voyage perforMed in• 1688, by
Maldonado, from the Atlantic to 'the Picilic, ifid
back again, but this relation is now proved to
have been a meta fabrication,

In 1594 mid the following years, several ioy.
ages were made in the North Seas by the Dutch.
Barentz reached to latitude 77 deg. '25 min. near.
Nova Zemblit ; and in 1595 be was dispatched
for the.puipose of discoycring a North East, pas-
sage to. China. Though he failed, he sailed again
the following year, and reached lat. 81 deg. `II
min., and discovered spitzbergen, Arnsterdam:'
Island, Stc, Then steering towards the Straits of!
Waigatch, his vessel was: enclosed by the ice, and'
he forted Ito ap,end a miserable winter on the N..
E. of Nova Zembla.

Passing over several voyages of little import-
slice, undertaken by the English and by the
IJ~ueitS, to the shoies of Greenland and of Lab-
rador, Ive find Henry Hudson making, in nio7,
his first voyage to the northern regions, but the'
ice baffled his attempt to reach the north of
Spitzbergi.n. He sailed the following year in
quest of the North East passage to India. The

. RICE Sf.lvENP4tNci.

1 . '
i c e "P
ie Ve tit in Z his passagObet ween .801tithititee -:
and. Nova Zem bin ,- ha 'resolved to steer Ihroirgh 'the Straits of .WaigatChi'hut he was egoist tibial).
' pointed.. The folloielng- 'year he .however illl,-
covereti Hudson rivet. in •.NortivArnerittf. 'llilil..
ing again' iir-'16.10,°' be- 'pissed, 'whaChe '•titilbd
'the isles of •God's Mercies; and he hicilikio.
ceeded a colpide rah le siayl".up - the -r•Stilidt tlit • bears his name,, when his'erew' havitferitititilied
turned him end eigkt retert'ildrift• in •a stnall'lbitt,
which- was never heard Of, afterwards. $. 141012;
Sir Thos. Batton reached. for . the firsttitittiP life! eastern 'coast of America, 'on the '`firkt.Al6•-'lof .--
Hudson's Bay, and discovered Nerson'S liti. 7 .
In 161'5, and the following yetir,,Robert•,t
and Wrrt. Bailin, were employed. to a ttetirPt 4oli-.
the long wished for discovery of :the North liqst'. ~
'
Passege. ' ,They carefully explored the share oft .3
..111.140111a !ay, (JAC:644W! Sir •Jnmes I.4ncaiti+*s*.
Sound, sailed up Beflin's• Bay-.ftc. S,e,'*•lrbe
voya;;es of Berke Fox and Of Thos. James,lnlll3l,.
made no additions to the discoveries of their pre, •
decessors, and the same may by said of several
subsequent expeditions. - ,• . - ',' ' Notwithstanding repeattd failures, the Ad-
miralty dispatched Capt. Moor and ' Senilh, ha -
'1.746,
in search of the North West
H passage.' 'They
wintered at Fort York, in-Hudson's Bay,and•the- following summer explored Wager 'Straits,'lte, and although the season was favourable and'grqat. ,
hopes of final suetescwere entertained, want iof, , unanimity among the officers, obliged tilltlif to re.-
turn home.
' Thirty years' now elapsed without •• any fresh
attempt to make discoveries in the North,'when
Mr. Hearne was commissioned by the Hudson's
Bay Company to pursue this important object -by
land. .iie quitted 'Fort Prince of Wales on the
6th of November, I'M,. but, was soon -driven ,
back by the cold. 'Starting again on the 23c1Hof
FebruirY, 1770, he proceeded• " either fasting Or
feasting," towards the Copper Mine River, ' but
an accident bappening to his quadrant, he seas
compelled to return after an absence of eight
months'and twenty-two days. He departed a
third time on the 7th of 'December and on the
13th of July, reached the •Copper Mine River.
His most unaccountable carelessness in not pro.
ceeeing- as far, as the mouth of the river, has
thrown some doubt upon his having really ;seen
the Northern Ocean; but this journey proved
the practibility of ,reaching the northern .shoref
a task which has been accomplished since by.
Captain Franklin.
In 1773 an expedition was dispatched under
command of Captain Phipps, I.‘"s.,•,rwarcis Lord.
if VOW( to',./WCOIYIT,..a. craw fah 'BOOl la.- . . ..
11 tilg*ras;", to aicertitin the practicability of reach.'
ins the North Pole ; theirprogreis was impeded
4tal:Bl:Yiedrriec,iiteith:
;oi.,:ilipigiiretsitstwe.l.l4eBsotc.avdtif::::).4;tria;uvi
ata:isr6ldycsnoclortietki'i;ipciellot:leliirtrl,Sei iftal'oeitir.alabbtlie)bnrod;iigrg.::
now commissioned to make one. more attempt to
find a communication between the Atlantic and
Pacific, entered , Behrinlgs Straits en the 9th of
August, 1779, discovered cup. Prince of Wales,
the most western extremity 'of America, in ' lit.• •
95 deg. 46 min. N. They're!l in with•the lee in •
let. 70 deg.•4l Min. extending like a 'Wall 10 or •
12 feet in .height; and Capt. Cook Abandoning
ill hopes of'success this year, sailed to ' The
Sandwich Islands, where he 'was murdered •hy
the natives. 'Captain .Clerke renewed 'the at. ....
tempt the following spring, -but the ice stopped .
his further, progress in lat. 70 deg. 33 inittl and, ~
finally induced him to return to England. . ,
In 1786 the King of Deninarkfitted out .tsVo
vessels for 'the purpose,of re.discovering Bait
Greenland; but although, 'according 'to. the. Old
, charts, they must have been at one time very near
Old Greenland, no signs of land were seett.-
On the 3d of July, in lat. 65 deg. 11 min; and
long. 35 deg.. 8 mina land was visible about 50
miles westward,• but the ice,prevented,their for.
titer progress, and a allblletilleilLlaterript to sap.
.prosch the coast provedonnally abortive. ~ Ana.
•ther vessel of the expedition 'approached within
10 miletof the land, and Lient.44ede inside re-
peated efforts to reach it, but without success...
In 1789 Mr. Alexander Mackenzie *put-
ted Fort Chipeveyan with a view, of reaching the
Froaen Ocean, lle started on the ;3,1 of June,
and descending iblackenzioriver, crossed several
lakes, but after mentioning his reaching lat. 0,9
deg. 1 min. though he leads his readers to sup-
pose,that he fag) 010 sea, he does.).,lot putiiti-iely
assert that• he did so, and, like tlearne„seenls
most runaccountably to have negiectedascertain.
lug so important a fact. . Thus terminated the
fast effort of this nature with tha.exception of i:at
unsuccessful voyage of Mr. DUncari, in
.1'791,
Until the final expedition under Captain ftoss ia
1818 and the subselleeni ones of Captain Rtrry
and Franklin, the results of which have [wen laid-
before the public. If the discoveries of Ca'pfalis
Parry through Burrow's Strait, and. thoke. of
Captain- Franklin about the mouth of tine Copper
Mine river,. tend to strengthen the idea that the
northern part of America is -surrounded by a sea,
the two voyages of the :14allapt Perry prove ttw
impractiCability of reaching. the Pacific by a
North West passage, Indeed time exisience of
.such
,a passage is more an object of scieittitic
curiosity,-than one of puhlit or commercial :will-
ty; since it is evidentthtt,the navigation in 'those;parts is generally uncertein•and oftendangerune.
Enough has been done to entitle GovernmiAt and
the Admiralty to the thanks of the Scientific..
World, and 'to m
immortalize the gallant Commtn.
'ders 'of tiro' late eipetirtiarm; And 'now that
science is .satistied,' humanity mustdeltreCate 01y
further.,expasnre of the lives of gallatit,men to
the fatigues and dangers attendant upon such ex-
peditions.
llndhurst, Oct. 28.

A. p>