The Sun.
London, England, 1840-05-05 00:00:00

syN, LONDON, TUESDAY. MAY 5l 1 s4O.

attempt to swamp the rights of the Irish people, would be
the vrclutie and the fuundanon for like attacks upon their
own."

And the call of the Ulster men will not go un-
heeded. Mr. O'CONNELL has already made his
appeal to the slave class in England, and he will be
listened to. The Irish, when the G:11 inst. comes,
may have an opportunity of retorting on the Tories,
and will defy them to produce from the wildest parts
of Connaught, or the most politically excited regions
of Tipperary, such scandalous and wholesale cor-
ruption as have been exhibited in the centre of
our morality and civilization, under the imme-
diate influence of our clergy, in the University
town of Cambridge. If Lord STANLEY and his
friends have in them one spark of genuine modesty,
they will begin to reform at home before they cross
the Channel. Let them pluck the beam out of
their own eye, and then they may perchance see
to take the mote out of their brothers'. Let them
first bring in a Bill to disfranchise the corrrupt
small towns of England, or throw them open to all
the inhabitants; let them extend the franchise
here, and, by the Ballot, release the voters from
their sinister influence, then we shall think them
sincere in wishing to put an end to corruption, and
then the Irish may perhaps tolerate their attempts
to meddle with their franchise. Tiil the Tories
do that, they will deserve to be scouted as base
hypocrites, who prostitute the most hallowed prin-
ciples to the vilest purposes; who, while they talk
of morality, are only looking for poxer that they
may exercise tyranny.

Within the memory of living men, the bulk of the
people followed the lauded aristocracy and the
clergy with so much confidence, that they were
called the natural leaders of the people. They had
no political opinions of their own, but received
and reflected, with some distortion, the opinions of
the upper classes. Those were the days of 'Church
and King mobs, when PAINE was burnt in
effigy, and the houses of Dissenters were razed to
the ground. -
Subsequent to that time, after the French Revo-
lution had sounded the phrase, " rights of man,"
in the public ear, and the Tories continually re-
peated it by their crusade against those who used
it, the people rather separated from their natural
leaders; their discontent was embodied into words,
their opinions were echoed by BURDETT, CO/t•
BETT, WATSON, HUNT, and others ; and two or
three successive demagogues partially took the
place of the natural leaders of the people. These
were the da)s of Radical Reform mobs, Luddite
riots, and Manchester massacres.
At present the separation of the people from
their natural leaders seems almost total and com-
plete, and no demagogues, at least in England,
supply their place. A Ceirrespondent yesterday,
who called himself a Tin-plate Worker, and vouched
for the sentiments of many of his class, said that
the people -deride the no:ion of the Church of
England being the poor man's Church, and de-
clared that his class of workmen never go to Church.
The hostility of the bulk of the people to the
landed aristocracy is open and undisg,eised. They
maysometimes look at the journals of the aristocracy
and of the clergy for information, but they have
journals of their own, which the clergy• and the
aristocracy very seldom see. The Northern Star,
the Northern Liberotcr, the Scots limes, the
Scottish Patriot, the Weekly Di-s,pOtCh, may be
quoted as specimens of the people s press, which
express their opinions, and nourish in them a
peculiar body cf sentiments, into which no
particle of respect for the institutions of the
country, or the former natural leaders of the people,
ever enters. Instead of being led by one or two dema-
gogues, individuals of their own class stand out a
little before the others in every town, many of
whom are eloquent, well-informed men, and recently
some fifty or sixty such were nominated to form a
Convention. Between the working and the upper
classes ti,e separation is now almost as complete as
between the races in Ireland, and now are the days
of long-headed plans of extensive reform. The
revolution which is approaching here, does not
come, like that of France, with ti-:e people wholly
unacquainted with its nature, and wholly unpre-
pared to act. On the contrary, the multitude have
gone before any leaders, and have far outstripped
those who have vainly endeavoured to frighten
them back.
We have given this very brief outline of
a remarkable change in the opinions and
relative situation of the masses, with a view of at-
tracting attention to the subject, for the change is
still making a rapid progress. Within memory
a separation has Ingot', and is aimost complete,
between the so-called ruling and - ruled classes.
Laws have nothing to do with the past ; the pre-
sent escapes and becomes the past while we are
writing about it ; and we wish to knew what legisla-
tion will be adapted to that future which is ever
hurrying forward, and which is shadowed out by
the great change we have noted. We wish to ask
if our legislators, who are so busy wilt) Irish Re-
gistration and Irish Municipal Bills, with Bills for
establishing a rural police and for regulating beer-
houses, have ever considered this startling change,
and have prepared their minds and their measures
to meet it ?

We would also humbly ask pur Contemporaries of
the broad-sheet—those who C 11.4 themselves leading
journalists, and pretend to guide thr,-e-lourths of the
nation—we would put it to all the _Posts and
Heralds and Standards of the empire, Vd4.)
on day after day railing at Popery, abusing
o CONNELL, calumniating the Ministers, andc'
nourishing in their readers sentiments of estrange-
ment from, and contempt for, the great multitude,
and of must overweening arrogance in themselves ;
we would humbly ask these—the echoes and guides
of the upper and middle elassos—if they have ever
thought of the course of policy or the system of
Government which can long be carried into execu-
tion in a community now so 'divided as our's has
become, and which is every day becoming
more divided ? Prescription is at an end. Physical
force is on the side of the governed, and moral
force will speedily be where there is strength of
muscle and bone. The dominion of those who
were long called natural leaders has been thrown
off, and it cannot be supplied by the dominion of
the ten-pounders. A system of Government estab-
lishcd in 1832, with which all Blass .s are discon-
tented, which no person thoroughly approves of, will
never be hallowed by prescription, and with such
blots. as those of Ludlow and Cambridge continu-
ally appearing, will never command the respect and
willing obedience of the masses. We therefore

again ask our wise and learned Contemporanes,
who descant so ably day after day on climbing boys,
or the hard words used by Mr. O'CONNELL, or on
the number of false oaths taken by Irish voters—

we ask our very busy Lords and Commons if they
have scanned all the consequences of the change
we have indicated, and have prepared, like wise
men, a system of policy and government adapted
to the strange future which is rapidly hastening on ?

In publishing, in another column, the text of the
treaty between Great Britain and Naples in 1816,
we are less influenced by any desire to justify what
requires no justification, namely,- the conduct of
the Governmeot, than to place our readers in a
condition to form a just conception of the bad faith
evinced by the Sicilian Government. When it is
borne in mind that on the faith of this. treaty, a
company of British merchants undertook to work
certain sulphur mites in Sicily, which they fanned
from the Governm:nt—that, after having expended
vast sums io machinery and the erection of the re-
quisite works for mining operations on an extensive
scale, they found themselves subjected to ruinous im-
posts, befor3 unheard of—and that, to complete
the perfidy of the KING, the whole sulphur trade
was made over by the Government to certain
French speculators, including in the medley associa-
tion, the Royalist Duchess DE BERRI and M.
LAFITTE the Radical banker ; the only wonder
is, that the British Government did not sooner
send an armed squadron to demand reparation for
so flagrant a violation of a purely commercial
treaty. Nor has the French Government less rea-
sonfaith of the Sicilian to complain of the consequences of the bad
sulphur produced to two)y-tliiiimrditsinogf
The actual monopolists, by
than we have.
g thwehqautanittitywaos
when the mines weref
contriv e Nnvoearkrieyd.
tobydouthilee
British merchants,
the price to the French as well as the Eng-
lish consumers,
without putting one farthing mo

into the French or Neapolitan State coffers. This
has been repeated over and over again by M.
THIERS and the other members of the French
Cabinet, who are as much opposed to the con-
tinuance of the monopoly as Lord PALMERSTON.
As the King of NAPLES has accepted the
Mediation of Frpnce, we enteriajn no doubts as to
the pacific settlement of the question. Our Go-
vernment has certainly acted with great moderation,
and, in the end, with proper firmness and decision.
In the whole conduct of the Neapolitan Govern-
ment only one act honourable to it can be men-
tioned, and for that act we wish to accord it the
fullest praise. It rests on the authority of a private
letter from a mercantile house in Naples, and is to
the following effect hen the Hydra war steamer
arrived for the last time at Naples with instruc-
tions for Mr. TEMPLE, the British Minister, it
was notified to British merchant vessels in the port,
that they could not gut out: of the way too pon,
and that as our Consul could not be answerable
for the consequences of any delay, they were re-
commended to land their cargoes as soon as pos-
sible. When this was made known to the KING,
orders were promptly given to give the preference
in landing cargoes to British vessels, and to afford
them the utmost facilities of clearing out be-
fore the Neapolitan Government would find
itself compelled to make reprisals. We arc not a
people upon whom the effect of so generous an act
as this can be lost; and we are confident that when
authenticated, as we have no doubt it soon will be,
it will wonderfully tend, upon the restoration of
friendly relations, to obliterate the remembrance of
the causes of their interruption.

The King of tne. Two SIGILIEs is the unfortu-
nate dupe of the Tory delusions concocted and pro-
mulgated by the Times, the Post, the Herald, and
the Standard. Because these lying Journals set
forth daily, in their editorial co:umns, that the
Whigs would patiently submit to any chastisement
—to any dishonour. The despot of the Two Sici-
lies fancied he was safe in despising them. But, like
the Shah of PERSIA, and the Emperor of CHINA,
and the ex-King of CABOOL, ann others of the
same kidney, his Sicilian MAJESTY has by this
time discovered his mistake. The Duke of WEL-
LINGTON, when Foreign Secretary, did conseLt to
endure rough handling n Turkey, and his cele-
brated memorandum on 'the China question is an
enduring proof of his willingness to submit to any
indignity at Canton; but Lord PALMERSTON has
never yet displayed such an accommodating spirit
Except in the single affair, of the-Vixen, Lord PAL-
MERSTON'S policy has been bolder and more deci-
sive than that of any British Minister since the
peace, with the exception of Mr. CANNING. This
boldness and this decision are not incompatible with
the most earnest desire to maintain peace every-
where. 0n the contrary they' ensure it, and have
it ensured under the most threatening circumstances.

The Semaphore of Marseille's, of the SOW ult.,
brings interesting intelligence from Naples, of the
25th, by the Sully steamer, and of the 26th, by
the Papin—being two days later than the previous
arrivals. The Duke de MONTEBELLO, French
Ambassador to the Court of Naples, arrived with
his fainily and suite at Alar.seilles on the 28th, pre-
paratory to his embarkation in the Ocean steamer
for Naples. The intelligence is certainly most ex-
traordinary, inasmuch as it represents the King of
the TWO SICILIES as carrying on hostilities after
accepting the mediation of the French Government.
But we are not yet in possession of sufficient facts
for the expression of a decided opinion. The fol-
lowing is the news published by the Semaphore:—
The acts of reprisal continue. The English have
captured seven Neapolitan vessels. The-King of Naples,
-on his side, has Jail an embargo on English ships lying in
the port_. cf Naples ; has also had the merchandise at
the Custom-house sequestrateri, and, according to some,
the public stock belonging to subjects.
These acts on the part of the King of the Two Sic'.
lies have astonished every one, for they have been done
since the arrival of the French.steamer, the Papin, that
brought despatehesrelative to the mediation of France.
The Papin left Toulon on the 21st, and reached Naples on
tire 24th. V Oar4Charge d'Affaires, B iron. d'H..ussonville,
as soon as be received these despatches, forwarded them
immediately to the King, who was at the inJincnt at some
distance from the capital, briny at his palace at Cms.-iro.
4‘ The King, on learning the communications of the
French Government had six horses pot to his c;irriage
and proceeded In great haste to Naples, and on his arrival
had his Council assembled, and, in short, issued orders
for the above-mentioned measures, which were put into
execution on the following day.
The Papin received orders at two, on the With, tl he
ready tor sailiog, and was waiting for despatches from the
French Charge d'Affsires with the King's answer, which
had nut transpired at the departure of the Sully.
.‘ It appears from the letters brought 'by the Sully, that
the commander of the Hydra had effaed to gin up to the
Neapolitan Govei noir nt the crews of the vessels that bad
been seized, but that the proposal had been rejected.
Nevertheless, the English commander having insisted on
receiving provisions horn the King of Naples for the
rive sailors, received rrmiision to victual at Naples. The
English vessels approach the fort so closely that they have
captured a merchant vessel under the very walls Of Fort
Proude, from w hid) not a cannon was fired on the occasion.

P. S. When the post left oils acre quoted at 24.4 80;
Neapo:i;an Stock at 1001 corn at Id 82.
•' The Pario. left Notes en the 2Gth, and reached
Toulon on the 29th, bringing wart that the King had ac.
ecpted the mediation, but according to private information
it was no easy matter to ivauce his Majesty to do so. Thus
up to the very moment of =he departure of the Papin the
King had not raised the embargo, and, consequently, the
English bad not suspei ded h s ilia es.

The news from Spain is very unsatisfactory
Throughout the whole of the .Ba,que Provinces
Carlist emissaries are at work to rekindle the
flames of civil war, and we have mason to fear,
with more success than is dreamt of by the im-
becile and dishonest Government at Madrid. The
masses are said to evince no sympathy for the
rebek, and to join in pursuing them wherever the%
show themselves ; but to us there appears something
ominous even in the attempt to excite rebellion in a
country so long desolated by civil war. The chief
Carlist emissaries arc time unfortunate monks

whom :he Government, after stripping them of
their propert)', has shamefully left to perish with-
out the means of t;ie scantiest subsistence. Now
this conduct towards a number of men,
whose functions imparted in the popular eyes a
sanctity to their character—many of whom were
old—not a few fanaties—und nearly all by ther
previous habits rendered unable to provide for their
own support—was as atrocious as it was impolitic.
In seizing the property cf the Convents the Govern-

meat voluntarily guaranteed the support of the tai•
serable inmates male and female, and it is notorious
that no faith was kept with them, and than already
some hundreds of the wretched creatures have r.,-
iished of malaßs brought on be destitution and
the agony of mind consequfmt upon being
castp•
less upon the world. The more youthful and des.
perate raised the banner of Don CARLOS, and
but for their aid it would lint have covered an inch
of the Spanish soil one year after it was first un.
furled. The followitig summary of the Spitish
news is from the Moniteur of Sunday
An attewpt at a Carlist insurrection has taken place
in several parts of the provinces of- the north of Spain.
This demonstration has been foreseen for some time, and
the French Government, advised of ;he part which seve-
ral Spanish refugees were likely to take, used p ecautiocs
to prevent their return into the Basque provincei. - The
strictest watch was kept up on the frontier, and many of
the would-be chiefs were arrested and sent into the interior
oforganised, deprived precaution, the in-
of France. In spite, ho wee' i
surreeticn has taken place, but everything
:rane shows that the
bands are but inditle:ently
deprived of the in-
fluential chiefs whom they expected, and so feeble that
they cannot long trouble the repose of the country.
" The movement commenced on the 26:h April, when
several bands were in Navarre and Guipuzcoa.
" In this latter province, a priest called Amaliba put
himself at the head of about twenty Carlists, and went into
the vicinity of Zavia, calling on the people to rise. He
then fled to the mountains. Guerillas were also seen in
the same quarter.
" Similar manifestations took place in Navarre. The
Amcscuas, Zugaraniuedi, Estella, and other localities,
are cited as the principal theatre of CarLst operations.
" In Biscay there have been some slight disturban"st
but nothing that can alarm the public. mind.
" The Spanish military authorities have lost no time in
taking energetic m, asures. The troops are already pur-
suing the rebels. General Aleala, at the head of several
battalions, was on the •'B,ll at Andoiri. The Viceroy of
Navarre ordered trim Rimpeluna several companies to
watch the B-istan, rind it is thought that by this activity
the {rowing spirit of revolt will be put down.
" A Carlist etti,f, taken with arms in his has
been shot.
Tbe insurrection, whiel. has no other promoters than
and the
monks,thPCarilri ebr; oasrse
oleft h vre
iirt Ipt oriuvti resource,icges:
finds no sym.•
paths an.ong the ina,st s.
"The pc pie join in numbers to pu-,41, the rebels. The
latter are in want of arms, ammunition, and money ; and
everything leads One to believe that, reduced to their
proper level in a few days, they will speedily abandon a
desperate cause."

The Phare de riallonne of the 30th ult. has
following paragraph to the s,.me effect :
Just as we were going to press, we learn that the
rebels who bad then on cur frontie..-i had ocnetr:tted into
the interior of Navarre without having found the resistance
which they had expected. It is further stated that the
insurrection in the vicinity of Estella had become more

extended. Amongst the in.iividwils whom we have
already do.ign..ted as the pr;ncio.ll chiefs of the move-
ment are General Sopetina and different other Ca:lists of
distinction."

From EsPA hTErto's head-quarters the news is
of the 27th ult. He had then removed to Mon-
royo, four hours' march from Agua-Viva. At the
same tim;: General LEON and Brigadier ZUEBANO
wen, mar:l6llg in tile direction of Mara de Ebro.
The Carlists had abandoned Otto, leaving about
forty sick and wounded in the hospital. The cor-
respondent of the Chronicle, writing from ESPAR-
TERO'S head-quarters, relates the following revolt-
ing atrocity, which we dare not' trust ourselves to
give in other words than his own. It is too hor-
rible for comment :

The appalling fact incontestibly prnved is, that the Her-
rera prisoners acre dying from starvation, on the average
of tietween twenty or thirty a day, in the Carlist depots
at Orr*, &c. ; and that the famishing survivors kept
thereseives alive by feeding upon the carcases of their late
companions ; selecting pieces of flesh from the calves of
their legs and thighs, aft ch they cooked, and after a first
meal off this revolting food preserve.' the remainder—cold
_fur a day or two's subsequent supply I Ten of these
poor fellows, who had made this wretched store, were
discovered to have dono so by their inhuman keepers, and
on that accbunt were taken to Bezeite, and there shut !!!
My respectable informant saw the human flesh taken from
the haversacks in which the sti.rving Cliristino prisoners
had deposited it ; and witnessed their execution at Be-
zeite ; other equally respectable people in this place were
present at the sanie horrible scene. Thus Cabrera and
his crew starved a large proportion of their prisoners to
death—left the remainder famishing, driving them to the
adoption of the unnatural means just described for keeping
life within their debilitated frames—and then shot them,
under the plea that they were cannibals!!!
The following additional news from the Spanish
frontier is from the Commerce of Sunday. It in-
cludes all that we have received relative to SpaM
this morning:—
The France .tWeridionale of the 29th of April has the
following passage :

" A letter which we have received from French Cer-
dagne, dated April 24th, says--' A swarm of Spanish
priests, flying from the environs of Solsona, have come to
our frontier, and etitieted thcie entrar.co into France the
day before yesterday ; they fly from the part of the country
which, according to all appearance, will soon be the
theatre of coal :tits, since the- Christinos and the Carlists
are both advancing towards Solsona. The latter to the
number of 10 or 12,000, with some pieces of cannon, are
going not only to hinder it being revictualed, but even
to lay siege to it. Thus the belligerent parties will at
length have an opportutiity, which they have so long . de-
sired, to meet each ether, for there is no longer any room
to apprehend that from prudence, or in consequence of any
unforeseen even:, they will both take any direction but that
a hich will bring them together, and lead to an engage-
ment, the issue of which may contribute to the pacification
or a province v.hicli has been long exhausting itself in
fruitless sacrifice. It is suspected that among the priests
who have entered France there are individuals who have
assumed the ecclesiastical habit in order the more easily to
escape the investigation-of-the-French

The Lisbon Papers ofthO 27th of April bring
no more important intelbg2nce than that the
QUEEN having completed. the third month of her
pregnancy, prayers were to be offered m all the
Churches of the kingdom for three several days, for
her MAJESTY'S liappy delivery. There is no
danger of the Crown of Portugal reverting to Don
111rOuEL for want of heirs.

The Paris Journals of Sunday bring no local
news of the least interest. The intelligence from
Naples and the Spanish frontier contained in them,
will -be foil-net elsewhere in our leading columns.
The KING'S fete passed off tranquilly. The
fbilowing is the latest news from French Africa :

ALottits, Aratt.2s.—lt is announced that Abd.el-Kuler
has approached onr advanced posts with fifteen or twenty
thousand horse and foot, which he has raised, not without
difficulty, in" the three provinces. From the statements of
some Arabs taken prisoners at Fondouck, it should seem
that the Emir is resolved to oppose the march of the cxpe:
dition. If this news is confirmed, our brave army will
have at I:zigth an opportunity of trying its strength with
the enemy,- who is sure to he severely handled. Already
during the cxour•ioos which the Marshal has just made
towards the Fondouck, the Arabs gave signs of lite; but
a small column of French troops has sacked several tribes,
and carried off 1,000 head of cattle. We killed a great
many of the enemy, and bad on our side only a few killed
and wounded. Among the latter arc three officers. It
has been found necessary to order the evacuation of the
camp on the Arba, where fifteen or sixteen men were
daily cart led off by fever.—Le Constautionnel.