The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-13 00:00:00

THE WEST-RIDING DEFEAT.

The defeat of the Whigs in the West-liicling of York-
shire, is the severest blow that they have yet rcceitecal,
llif tliti first time since the passing of the Reform Bill,
the great maiiiirnUtitriPg district of Yorkshire, with the
largest constituency in'Beitnin; has returned two Tories
to Parliament. This, too, at a time when the Whig
Ministers have " thrown themselves upon the gotmtry,"
holding t4th measures of relief for trade and rov.
merce, would be utterly unaccountable but for the Net
that those Ministers have long since ceased to possess
the confidence of either the Reform Bill constituency or
the people at large. The Whigs have let down public
opinion ; they have distrusted the people, and refused
them help at the time they had it in their power to give
it ; and now the people distrust them, and refuse them
help in their time of need. It is now too late to cry
Peceavi .f their lamentations call forth no pity from the
by-standers ; like old sinners, their professions of
amendment and reformation are treated with a listless
indifference approaching to contempt.
At no election which has taken place in Yorkshire for
very many years, has the enthusiasm in favour of Liberal
candidates been less than during the last election. The
electors have felt it to be up-hill work with them, while
the Tories have had all the stimulus of sucreas on their
side. The county has not been half canvassed by the Li-
beral Committees; the Tories have never been idle da-
ring the last four years, The Whigs have been losing on
the registration, owing to the rneral indifference of the
people to mere Whig and Tory tiolitiod contests; the
Tories have been creating fictitious votes by the hundred,
till they have obtained an immense preponderance on the
roll of electors. Hence the Tories have triumphed, and
the Whigs been beaten as they never were before.
All this will do good. It will teach the Whigs several
useful and important lessons, which they have been far
too slow to learn. It will lead to a powerful reaction at
an early period, and most probably give a steady impulse
to sound Radical principles. When the next election
comes round, and public opinion has ripened on the sub-
ject of free trade, we predict that the result will be very
ditferen t.—Lecds Times. •

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE ELECTION.

(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
The contest in this " pattern" county has ended,
was expected, in the triumph of the Conservatives. Buck-
inghamshire has always been a pet of the Tories. It is
a county in which Tory domination has arrived at its
highest point of perfection ; it is a county in which the
constituency have been so drilled into subserviency to the
squirearchy and the clergy, and have become so accus-
tomed to do just as they are bid, that they would no
more think of exercising their suffrages according to
their unbiassed opinion than they would think of sub-
scribing a sum of money to establish a railroad to the
moon. Talk of the serfdom of Russia, indeed ; it is
nothing compared to the domination which the landlords
of Bucks exercise over the not over-enlightened te-
nantry. The farmers on the estates of the Duke of
Buckingham would not, dare not, vote for any can-
didate of whom his Grace does not approve. They, poor
slaves are under the control of his Grace's steward, and
are driven to the poll to record their votes for the candi-
date who basks in the sunshine of the smiles of the head
of the house of Stowe. Let one of them dare to vote for
a " Liberal" candidate, and ejection from his farm and
utter ruin is the least that he can expect. Happy, in-
deed, he may think himself, in living in a country in
which even such a man as the Duke of Buckingham is
not allowed to bowstring a refractory tenant; or he may
he assured that if he ventured to vote for a liberal candi-
date after the decree was issued, that his life Would pay
the penalty of the transgression. Nor, to do the Duke of
Buckingham justice, does he stand alone in hih manner of
treating his tenantry. Every small squire, and every petty
parson, follows, to the best of his little utmost, the exam-
ple of the great man. The larger landowners do so like-
wise. The Countess of Bridgewater, for instance. has her
tenants in stricter control, if stricter control be possible,
than the great Duke himself. That very respectable,
but very twaddling old lady, is an inveterate Tory, and,
of course, as a Tory, she takes very good care to do
" what she likes with her own." Under the immediate
superintendence of the steward, or bailiff, on the
Countess's estates, her tenants are made to vote white
to be black, or black to be white, just as her Ladyship
may be pleased to take into her sapient head to direct.
This steward has rendered himself peculiarly ob•
noxious to every one in his immediate neighbourhood,
on account of the sway that his well-meaning, but weak-
minded mistress, allo"-s him to exercise over her tenantry.
At.the last election he rode at the head of the Countess's
tenants into Aylesbury, and stood by whilst he saw every
one of them record his vote for the three Tory candidates.
Had one of these tenants voted differently he would,
probably, at the earliest opportunity have been deprived
of his farm. " What could I do, Sir ?" said one poor
fellow to the writer of this article ; " I should have
liked to have voted for Dr. Lee, to whom I owe a
deep debt of gratitude for many services he has ren-
dered me ; but if I had, they would have turned me,
my wife, and little ones, from the farm we occupy, and
from which alone we gain our daily bread." And then
with a curse " not loud, but deep," the poor fellow re-
corded his vote for the three Tory candidates. This cir-
cumstance will show how Buckinghamshire always con-
trives to return Tories to Parliament. It will, at the same
time, exhibit the true character of Toryism ; and unless
we are much mistaken it will excite disgust in every
rightly constituted mind. To victories gained by such
agency and such means as the victory in Buckinghamshire,
the Tories are heartily welcome. The Whigs, we hope,
will have none of them.

- - -
[ADVERTISEMENT.]
HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS.—
A CERTAIN REMEDY FOR SCROFULA OR KING'S
EVIL.—A child, aged seven years, the son of Mr. Reid.
of the Carron-wharf, Upper Thames-street, was for four
years so dreadfully afflicted with scrofulous wounds on
his thighs and legs, that he could only he moved about
in a small cart, he being a complete cripple. It has just
been radically cured in about two months, by the use
alone of the Ointment and Pills. These wonderful medi-
cines may be had at the Proprietor's establishment,
244, Strand, seven doors from Temple-bar, where fl-
v:ce may be had gratis ; and at every respectable
Chemist's throughout the Kingdom, in pots and boxes,
ls. 1 id., 2s. 91, 4s. 6d., 11 s., 215., and 83s. each.
It is currently reported that the Tories will not
attempt to-oust Mr. Shaw Lefevre from the Speakership of
the House of Commons. The amiable manners by which he
is characterised, and the impartial conduct which he has dis-
played in the chair, as well as his great ability in conducting
the bus'ness of the House, have deservedly rendered him a
great fsvourite with the House of Commons.; while, on the
other hand, Goulburn and Wynne, being both decided politi-
cal partizans. it is felt that strong objections exist towards
both, on that and on other grounds. One of the highest To-
ries in the land, and an M.P. fur an influential place, ex=
clairred the other day, upon being appealed to on the subject
of Goulburn's election for the Speakership. " Goulburn be
d—d, he is but a tinkling cymbal !"—British Queen.
On Saturday afternoon, between two and three
o'clock, as a man named 'Maxwell, residing at No. 23, Spring-
street, Portman-square, was sitting in the tap-room of the City
of Hereford public-honse, near the Baker-street Bazaar, drink •
ing beer with some of his companions, his wife looked in, and,
seeing him there, left the place without saying a word ; in a
short time she returned, and, raising her arm, struck him with
great violence upon the back ; she then quitted the house in
much haste, saying, as she passed by the bar, " I said I'd do it,
and I've done it." Maxwell, who felt conscious that he was
injured, but knew not at the moment by what means, said to
a man next to him, " Do look at my back, pray, for I'm sure
there's something the matter ;" he did so, and directly
exclaimed, " On, ray God ! you're stabbed." A dessert
knife, the blade of which was about di inches in length,
had penetrated to the extent of at least 3i inches, just below
the blade-bone of the left shoulder, and it required consider-
able farce to draw it out. The poor fellow bled profusely, and
in a state of great exhaustion was conveyed in a cab to Mid-.
'dlesex Hospital, when he was pronounced to be in an alarming
condition. The wife, who admits having inflicted the wound
was, after an hour or two's search, taken into custody by Sim-
mons, 147 D , she was in conversation at the time with an-
other female, in Gloucester Mews, and on being told what she
was wanted for, she said to the officer, " I didn't intend to get
away ; I'm quite ready for you, and will go quietly." Maxwell
is her second husband, and from some inquiries which have
been instituted, it. seems that a feeling of jealousy prompted her
to make the attempt upon his life. He has for some time past
been employed as a driver of one of Hansom's patent cabs.
The Merthyr colliers and iron workers still stick
out to have their meat at did. per lb. The farmers and
butchers from the Vale of Glamorgan are afraid of having
their commodities seized, and therefore avoid Merthyr, Dow-
lais, and Aberdare. The glut of meat at Newbridge-market
on Wednesday last was so groat, that prime joints of beef and
mutton sold at bd. per lb., and veal at 4%(1. Cambrian.
THE REV. J. It. STEPHENS.—On Sunday
afternoon and evening, this person who has lately been released
from Chester Castle, preached in the Vicars's Croft, in this
town ; his congregations on both occasions were very numer-
ous. The addresses he gave were of an exciting character,
and calculated to stir up the people to acts of physical force, in
order to obtain what he described as their rights. His dis-
course' were confined to the physical condition of the labouring
class of the people, which he pourtrayed as in a very lament-
able state. The proceedings. commenced by singing and
p-aver by the friends p. esent, after which Mr. S. ascended a
chair provided for him upon the platform, and, after looking
upon the assemblage for a minute or two, began his address.--
Leeds Mercury.
Last night, about eleven o'clock, as Mr.
Charles Bowyear, of the Coach and Horses, Tything,
was returning to his home front the Grand Stand, Pitch-
croft, where he had been assisting his brother, en enter-
ing the first field leading to the Moors, he was attacked
by three fellows, one of whom knocked him down by a
blow on his head, and all three then fell upon him, and
after beating him ill a most savage manner, robbed him
of a sovereign and some silver, and then left him on
h,
t
after the affair, and taken to the Infirmary - ,
where his wounds having been dressed, he was conveyed
he had received, but it is hoped he will do well. We re-
gi:Qt we caneot say that any clue has been obtained to
toe his
i s ground,otltyley discovered by a person passing that
in a state of insensibility. He was
.o
vary ts,t shortly
home, suffering greatly from the brutal treatment
the detection of theruffians.---Worcester Herald:
«I didn't think you'd have been so hard with
the. shack said wben he bit the anchor.
•

PRICE 5(1

GROUNDS AND OBJECTS OF THE

BUDGET.

The Edinburgh Review, No. 148, just published, con-
tains an appropriate article on the Ministerial proposi-
tions, from which we make the following extracts :

OUR MANUFACTURES.

" In Britain, particularly in England, the very large
majority of the population consists of labourers lured by
the week or by the day, dependent for subsistence solely
on their wages, and for their wages solely on the will of
their master. Both the skill and the diligence of the
British workman are unrivalled ; hence, when these ad-
mirable qualities are well directed, the high value of his
labour, and the large amount of his wages. But the skill
and diligence of each individual can be applied to only a
few purposes, and are useful only under numerous and
complicated conditions. The Continental workman
may in general be compared to the tools which he
uses—his axe or his spade—an instrument of no great
efficiency, but always fit for independent use. The
British workmen, and more especially the most nu-
merous classes, those employed in manufactures, re-
semble the component parts of the vast machines which
they direct. Separately taken, they are as useless as a
single wheel or a single roller. Combined with many
hundreds or many thousands of others, each helpless
when alone, a hundred families can produce results
which could not have been obtained by the individual
labour of a thousand. But the instant the moving power
that animates one of these great bodies ceases to act--
the instant the engine ceases to be supplied with water,
or the factory with capital—the component parts lose
their mutual support, and, with that support, their va-
lue. The engine becomes old iron, the spinners and
weavers become paupers.

"It might be supposed, that classes exposed to such
contingencies, would save in their prosperity a fund to
support them in adversity. But such is not the habit of
the Eaglish. They have not been accustomed, like their
continental rivals, to treat their earnings as the means of
further production, or even of future support. When
wages are high, they work fewer hours, and inhabit
better houses ; and if there still remain a superfluity,
the women and girls waste it in dress, and the men in
drink or luxurious living.. When wages fall, they en-
deavour to increase their earnings by more assiduous la-
bour, and to economize, first in house-rent, then in
dress, then in fuel, and ultimately in food. When their
earnings become insufficient for a maintenance, they
throw themselves on the parish. The virtue which they
possess the least is providence.
We have already remarked, that the greatest of all
jizprovidences is improvident marriage. But among
nuoly classes, perhaps among most classes, of mere labou-
rers, although it may be clear that the usual period of
rria rzis far too early, and that the welfare of the
wholema
won,',' be .
much promoted if that period were
generally retarded, is difficult to say that any given
marriage is improvident. The great object of machinery
is to supply strength and ski ;_its great triumph is to
render the labour of women aim children as efficient as
that of men ; and in many extensive iiranches of manu-
facture this has been effected. A girl or eighteen can
attend to a power loom as well as a full grown man ; a
child of thirteen is more valuable as a . piecer than an
adult—its touch is more sensitive, and its sight is more
acute. A factory lad of eighteen who marries a factory
girl of the same age, finds himself immediately richer ;
and although he may be pinched during some of the fol-
lowing years, yet as each child attains the age of nine
years it can earn more than its support.; and the earnings
of three children between the ages of nine and sixteen
can, in prosperous times, support the whole family. It
was under the influence of this enormous stimulus, with
some assistance from immigration, that the population of
our manufacturing districts increased during the thirty
years that elapsed between 1801 and 1831, the last period
for which the returns are published, at a rate equalled
only in some portions of America. During the ten years
between 1801 to 1811, the population of Lancashire in-
creased at the rate of 23 per cent. ; during the next ten
years at the rate of 27 per cent. ; and during the last ten
years also at the rate of 27 per cent. That of Lanark
increased at the rate of 31 per cent. in the first period ;
of 27 per cent. in the second ; and of 30 per cent. in the
third. At the beginning of that period, in 1801 the two
most populous counties in Scotland were Lanark and
Perth ; the former containing 146,000 inhabitants, the
latter 126,000. At the end of the period, in 1831, La-
nark contained 316,000, and Perth only 142,000. While
the population of the manfacturing county increased at
the rate of more than 100 per cent., that of the agricul-
tural district increased at the rate of less than 14 fer
cent. During the same period, the population of the
North Riding of Yorkshire, a district chiefly agricultural,
rose from 158,000 to 190,000 ; that of the West Riding,
a manufacturing district, from 565,000 to 976,000.
" It is scarcely necessary to remark, how much the
habits which we have described must aggravate the suf-
ferings incident to any serious interruption of our manu-
factures. The millions whom we have crowded into
densely-peopled districts are accustomed not merely to
prosperity, but to constantly-advancing prosperity. All
their calculations assume a constantly-increasing demand
for labour—a demand which shall absorb a supply quite
unrestrained by any prudential checks. A painful ques-
tion follows, as to the temper and the conduct which
may be expected from them under a reversed state of
circumstances. If the demand for British manufactures,

instead of increasing, should diminish ; if the new
swarm of candidates, which every year throws into the
labour-market, should be rejected ; if the employment of
all should become precarious ; if many establishments
should be discontinued, and others give work only for
three or four days a-week ; if the wages for this ctimi-
❑ished and irregular work should themselves be dimi-
nished ; if a family, accustomed to earn forty shillings
a-week, and to a proportionate expenditure, should fall
to an income of nine or ten shillings, and no prospect of
improvement were afforded—what, we repeat, is the
temper and the conduct to be expected from the suffer-
ers ? Are they likely to treat these evils as mere ca-
lamities, or as injuries ? If as injuries, are their habits
likely to induce them to patience, or to attempts at re-
dress, or resistance ? if patience is not to be expected
from them, are thdir struggles likely to be formidable ?"