The Sun.
London, England, 1823-08-16 00:00:00

[THE TIMES.]

New aggressions, apparently the work of the
.44 Holy A Itiance," present themselves eu the side
of S witzerland, We have now before us letters
from the town of Geneva, dated so recently as
the 7th instant, :which enumerate the fresh mor-
tiacations. to which that and the adjoining can-
tons have been called on to submit. These con-
sist of,--1, A demand, not . for restraints I
mere y,
but .for n total suppression.of the liberty of the
press ; 2, The banishment from Switzerland
even of those foreigners who had been natura-
lized there ; and 3. The abolition of the clubs
►rid reading. societies. On the point of . the li-
berty of the press, the benefits of which are
hardly estimated, except perhaps in -the can-
tons of Geneva and Basle, there is under-
stood to exist every disposition ''to make con-
cessions, and no objection is started, the weak.
ness of the country being held as a valid cause for
subrnisson to a certain extent, to the exclusion of
those foreigners who have recently sought in Swit-
zerland a place of refuge ; but the insisting on the
banishment, also, of naturalized foreigners, and
the proposition .for abolishing the. amusements
and places of literary resort for the better classes,
have given rise to the most lively indignation.—
in the class of naturalized foreigners, to show
the extent of the proscription, are actually to be
found a Member of theßepresentative Government
of Geneva, and a Gentleman who fills the Chair of
the Professorship of Civil Law in that city. The
clubs are in peculiar degree the recreation of the
Genevese, and their chief object- is.the,providing a
plao . where persons of the same rank in society:•

'may meet each other. They have amusements
uch as befit their station; but they 'are guilty,
—will it be believed ?—of taking in--news-
papers`!. 'The reading societies, which are but re-
cently established, are also much frequented.—
That in Geneva consists of a reading-room,
where periodical publications •re so to be found,
political, scientific, and literary ; a room devoted
to conversation, where the most enlightened
part of the society of Geneva spend their even-
ings ; and a library of. 14,000 volumes, the accu-
mutation from voluntary gifts made by the mem-
bers during the four years it has been
established.—These are the institutions against
which the ban of the Holy Alliance is
understood to have been directed. To say
truth, since we became convinced that a steady
design ekisted to put down and keep down
.the
most precious enjoyments of mankind, our wish
has been that the attempt should be prosecuted
with such a degree of reckless eagerness, as would
be most likely to rouse the public attention, and
to provoke the indignation of every people in
Europe. The Holy Alliance, we must say, ap-
pear not much inclined to disappoint us ; and in
due time the tree so carefully planted will bring
forth its proper fruit,

[NEw Tunes.]
Efforts were made in the early part of yester-
day to depress our Funds by reporting the
French Rentes to come per Cent. lower. Con-
sols. opened at 82k, declined to 82-1, and
closed at their opening.—Spanish Bonds were at
Sq. There was some business done in the
French Rentes at the price of 03 francs, which
indicates an expectation of still greater improve-
ment.—The idea of a speedy submission of the
Revolutionists in Cadiz seems to become daily
more and more prevalent. If they have the
King in their bands—their own wives, children,
friends,- and property, are in the hands of the
Royalists ; so that it is hardly probable that
either side will proceed to extremities against the
other. With regard• to the geperal state
of opinion in the Peninsula, we have only
to' refer to' the Private Correspondence in our
Paper of yesterday, from Soria, in Old Castille.
It was written by a Gentleman of independent
fortune travelling in Spain,' Who' is perfectly well
acquainted with the language and habits of the
people: As an Englishman and' a Protestant he
was naturally disposed to think well' of some of
the measures of the Constitutional Party ; and
so long as he resided only in the large towns, he
could not conceive how general the feeling was
against the Constitutionalists throughout the
country ;• but his candid and perfectly unbiassed
remarks, resulting from intercourse and conver-
sation with all-classes of people, may open the
eyes of some persons who are still deceived as
to the real state of opinions in Spain..

• [MORNING POS'Iq
The short Bulletin from Madrid, dated A' ug.7,
throws some. light upon the past, and especially

Upon that part of it which has remained a blank
for uesitice all communications withCortinna have
been interrupted by the French blockade. It is

evident that notwithstanding the desertion of that

place, under various pretences, by so many offi-
cers who had sworn two days before to bury them-
serves beneath its ruins rather than surrender, it
still remained up to the sth or Gth of this
month in the hands of the Patriots, and seemed
likely to maintain itself much longer. For the
statement that flour& waited the arrival of
heavy artillery to commeece the bombordtnent,

- .
is an admission that by bombardment alone
could the town be reduced : but where that
heavy artillery is to, be found, and when its
arrival will take place, are questions which
he would have much difficulty to attsker.—
We haVe been repeatedly informed both in
NeWspapers accounts and official Reports that
the battering trains of the French army were
still in France. 'The one nearest to Spain was
tbat which had been moved to Bayonne, and that
it has not yet crossed the frontier, is provEd by
the fact that the sieges of Pampeluna and SvSebas.
tian are not yet begun. It is the same in catatonia,
where not only Barcelona, but even the Se St cl'tlrgel
which stanch: within view of the French territory,
have not had a single heavy gun broughtagainst
them. If therefore the battering artillery have
not reached those fortresties which are so close to
the frontier, in how short a time can it he ex.
pected at Corunna, which lies, at a distance of
upwards of 500 miles ? But, it will be saFtf,, the
French will use the heavy artillery found at
Ferrol. It is now clear that that they. forimi

none. They occupied Ferrol on the 13th
or 14th of July, and it will certainly not
be 'contended that in the space of more
than three weeks they would not have con-
veyed the guns the few miles that divide Fer-
rol from Corunna if those guns had been in their
possession. What is the natural, nay, the neces-
sary inference therefore ? Why, that they had as
usual boasted on entering Ferrol of having made
acquisitions which had no existence, and that
the artillery which they, pretended to have
taken, is at this moment planted on the ram-
parts of Cor►►nna, and gtiards what it was in•
tended to destroy. Under those circumstances,
unlesi the Wilda be substituted. for the ti/-

lima ratio Re amp and the heroism that beat
back the assailants on the 15th of July, he not
proof against gold on the 7tVbfAngus.t. we may
hope that Corunna will still pain a refuge for
4,,
the brave, and a beacon of free nto an enslaved
land. It is remarkable that instt'•ad of venturing
upon a second attack on that city, Gen. liourck

considers his not having been attacked himself in
his positions a circumstance of sufficient import-
ance to be mentioned in his dispatches.

[MORNING HERALD.]
At no period have the moral virtues figured so
frequently in the speeches of Sovereigns and their
Ministers, as at the present day. Every Congress
or Consultation that takes place, or is to take

place, has for its object a. regard for the welfare
of nations and the happiness of mankind. Even
war itself—and one of the most insolent and un-
just upon record—that which the French Go-
vernment wages upon the Spaniards, is intended
for their benefit—indeed, to bestow on them

',(outrageous as the contradiction seems) the
blessings of peace. It is singular that since
the Councils of great Powers are so much
alive to the calls of humanity, where their
interference is not called for, yet in an-
other case, they do not stir a step to put an
end to horrors too shocking to be related, in the
war between the Turks and Greeks. In no
stage of the war have the cruelties mutually ex-
ercised by both parties been more dreadful. The
Austrian Observer and Augsburg Gazette agree
in describing the cruelties committed by the
Greeks upon the Turks, and by the latter
upon the Asiatic Greeks within their reach.
Several Ipsariot vessels landed some thou-
sands of troops on the coast of Asia, 'at a
place called Sandarly ; and after plundering, it is
said, and burning several villages, defeating a
Turkish force sent against them, and pillaging
the residence of the Turkish Governor of the
province, returned loaded with booty to- their
ships. The Turks, enraged at this sudden
and terrible incursion, vented their fury upon
the Greek inhabitants, in a massacre which
ended in .the loss of a thousand lives. It is
remarkable that the Vienna Court ,Journal
relates this deplorable transaction with an
evidently favourable bias to the Turks. It states
that, upon the receipt of the news at Constanti-
nople, the Sultan ordered a body of troops from
the Bosphorus to Pergamo, the scene of the
massacre, with orders to punish its authors. Why
is it that no vengeance was. taken upon the
authors of the massacre of Scio, which was
still less excusable ? The Universal Gazette
of Augsburg does not palliate the excesses
committed' by the Greeks, but. ascribes this
descent upon• the coast of Asia, rather to
policy than the desire of plunder. The
modern Asiatic Greeks, like those of old, receive
too easily and submit too patiently, to the yoke
of the barbarian. The design was to prove to
them by this descent that their submission to the
Turks could not procure them security, and that
their safety was to be found rather in uniting in
the common cause against their common oppres-
sors: The same policy is stated to have been prac-
tised in other places, and are to be followed by
the same retaliations upon the peaceable inhabit-
ants by the barbarians. Will no attempt be
made to put an end to these horrible excesses ?
They are the more deplorable that they do not
directly affect the issue 'of the war—or if at
alt tend in favour of the Greeks, of whom
those who hitherto remained quiet, will
he forced into insurrection for safety.
It becomes a war of extermination and
amidst the oceans of Greek as well as barbarian
blood that must be shed if these cruelties con-
tinue, it is a melancholy consolation that the
Greeks must be the surviving conquerors. This
surely is a case for the interference of those powers
which have such ardent wishes for the peace and
happiness of mat:'..ind.

PROVINCIAL JOURNALS.

( From the Livempoo) Courier, ilugutt 13.)

SPAIN.—The Spanish subscription appears to
lie, for the present, suspended, the London Committee being
difeeztvieonanodf resistance nicieopoefnidt_he
webeacraeuseglathdattois fiannt tion we have always
,pra ort disposedthof t). Spaniardsrelcwi'plilte foofr an
thist onlr ea manifestation
that so, small a sum
intimation that but few
ohasbjecbteeedn,
raised,an it
persons have been so lost to their public duty as to declare
war against France, When their Government has resolved
upon neutrality, and thus to usurp the functions of Go-
vernment, and introduce, as far as they can, a downright anarchy.
Such is the blind and headlong the character of great clamourers
for liberty among us, that, influenced only by passion, they arc
regardless of the first principles of public duty and public right,
or else they are ignorant of them. In either case, they are fit re-
formers; and to them the country will bolt up with more
confidence, in consequence of this new proof of their judg-
ment and prudence. It is also natural to ask, why this
interest in favour of the Spaniards and so little in favour of
the Greeks ? The sufferings of the former are not to be com-
pared with the, latter. The consequence of the subjectibn
of Spain to the 'old regime cannot be so terrible to life and limb
as the subjection of the Greeks to their barbarous oppressors.
If the French and the fanatic faction triumph in Spain, the
triumph must he a short-lived one ; if the Turks triumph in
Greece, the extermination, the almost total extermination of
the people must be the consequence. The case of Greece is
also a fair one. No law of nations is violated by affording as.
sistanee to them. IVe have often showed, that the case of the
Greeks is one which falls not under the law of nations, but
under the common law of humanity ; and so the Government of
our country agrees to consider it, as it does and permits many
acts inconsistent with a strict neutrality among civilized nations.
Ia affording assistance to them, we are aiding a people strug-
gling, not for itleel liberty, not for theoretic constitutions, but
for their hearths and their altars ; their wives, their children,
and their own lives. But the fact is, tint our liberals are not
influenced either by the humanity or the law of liberty to which
they pretend in the Cage of Spain. They. have no accomplices
there, as in France and Spain, by whom they hope to over-
throw legitimate governments, and stir up revolutions, which,
in their 'sweep, they hope, may influence those radical changes
which it is their aim to introduce. The case of Spain is not
one either for that interposition of British power which has
been clamoured for, nor for that exercise of British benevo-
lence which bas, in many instances, been insidiously solicit-
ed. If there be any cause at all in Spain, it is the cause of the
people, meanin by that not the radical people, not the mob;
but of the thinking part of the community who have some
stake in the welfare of society, something to lose by any
change which would affect the rights of property and per-
sonal security. If that people are friendly to the constitution,.
it is ridiettlous to suppose that they cannot struggle through
their difficulties' sooner or later ; if not, it is as ridiculous
to attempt to force upon them that which • they do not
value. This is the only sober view of the case, and we think
that there is reason to believe that Spain herself is able to
work out her own freedoni, and by a process much more fa-
vourable to permanent arrangements and wise legislation,
than if her constitution load been forced into unnatural
growth in the hogged of foreign influence. The news from
Spain is certainly, upon the whole, favourable. Another
week of.
elapsed ft very anxious state and crisis of the
atiltirs of that country, and no or certainly, has been made
by the invaders'. towards their object. No fortress has
fellen, no constitutional leader has been defeated, and no new
desertion of the cause hall taken place. We may add, abet no
new manifestation of public sentiment in favour of the invasion
has eccurreel. This then is the view which Spain presents.—
if be mob is fanatic, and under thefinfluence of the priests and
interested persons : the eople, generally; neither approve of the
constitution in its present
,forni, nor of the old system ; but will
take an opportunity to resist invasion and foreign influence
whenever it occurs. A considerable body of constitutionalists,
or, at least, of men who will not be dictated to, are in arms,
either in email but active armies, or in the fortresses, or in gue-
riUa which appear to be increasing. On the'other hand,
the trench have publicly proclaimed their diseensiorts with the
U II
ltra royal. t • • • Party, by dividing Spain into Military 4istricts.
This is, unquestionably, a most important decision. It shows
lainly that the Spaniards cannot be trusted on either side.
I
hose who have been favourable to the invasion must be re.
strained flenn vengeance, and their thus publicly proclaimed
thirst for it will decide the neutrals. M all events, it is Clear,
that the French cannot fulfil their promise to make short work
of the war. They find it ecessary to take military possession
of the whole country, and. this will operate both upon ,Prance
and the invaded country. If Spain is to be impoverished, re-
sistance will be provoked ; if France is to be at the expenee of
a protracted war, am unpopular war will become still.more tin-
popular. The kopolicy of the French Cabinet is -daily berone.
ing More visible, and we doubt not but they would be glad to get
fairly out of this interminable and vexatious affair.