The Sun.
London, England, 1823-08-30 00:00:00

THE LATE POPE.

The deceased Pontiff was named BARNAHT
CHIARAMONTI, born at Cesena, in the Romagna,
lon the 14th of August, 1742, and elected Pope,
at Venice, on the 14th of March, 1800; he was
therefore, at the time of his decease, in the Std
year of his age, and in the 24th of his Pontifi-
cate. This venerable personage was Bishop of
Imola in 1796, when Buonaparte entered that
town with his army; and the. reception which
the French experienced from the Prelate was
so charitable and mild as to secure the, latter
the favour of the Repo:1)11ton General, whose
influence was supposed to Lave been after-
wards employed in promoting him to the Car-
dinal's purple, and finally to the Popedome—
Pius VI. died in captivity at Valence, in 1798,
at the advanced age of 82 ; but it was not till
March, 1800, that it was found possible to pro-
ceed to the election of' his successor, when Car-
dinal Chiaramonti being chosen, assumed the
name of Pius VII. Ile did not take possession
of Rome itself till November, 1801, when a me-
dal was struck there with the inscription, Sol re-
fidget. His occupation of the throne was marked
by an act of liberality, in remitting to the dis-
tressed inhabitants of Pesaro their taxes. ' lie
also made many promotions, particularly con.
(erring the honour of knighthood on the cele-
brated Canova. In the- years 1800 and 1801
he caused no less than ten vacancies in the
College of Cardinals to be filled sip, among which
was the nomination of his Private Secretary,
Hercules Consalvi, whom he also appointed
Secretary of State. In February, 1802, he re-
ceived at Rome with great pomp the body of his
venerahle.pretlt'cessor, which Buonaparte caused
to be transported thither, wishing to conciliate
the good opinion of the Catholics. Steps indeed
had already been taken by the First Consul to
reconcile France to the Church of [tome, and
with this view a Concordat was signed on the 25th
of July, 1801,and Pius V I I.,in September follow-
ing, sent Cardinal Caprura as a Legate to Paris ;
together with the Bull of ratification of the Con-
cordat. A new circumscription of Dioceses was
agreed upon, and the Legate was authorized to
institute the new Archbishops and Bkhops. On
the 24th May, 1802, his Holiness delivered a re-
nurrkable allocution on this subject in a secret
Consistory. When Buonaparte assumed the Int-
pole! title, he persuaded Pius VII. to come to
Paris to Crown 'him. The latter delivered an al-
locution on this subject on the 29th of October,
1801 ; left Route on the 2d of November, and
reached Fontaiuebleau, w here Buona parte received
him in great state, on the 29th of that month.—
On the 2d of December the Coronation took
place, and from this time, Buonaparte having ob-
tained all that, he wanted of the Pope, began
to prepare for depriving him of all his power.
At one time," says he to Mr. O'Meara, 44
had it in contemplation to take away all
his temporal power, and make him mg Al-
moner." to the 3d volume of Las Cases' Jour-
nal, Buonaparte is described as speaking in the
most contemptuous terms of the discussion which
teak place on the part of the Pope with Win at
this period. Ile does not, however, state whe-
ther he gratified the Holy Father by solemnizing
a regular marriage with the Empress Josephine.
It is probable that he did, and that his subse-
quent marriage was consequently invalid, and
his son illegitimate, though the mistaken pride of
the House of Austria would never suffer this
point to be fully investigated. On the 16th of
May, 1805, the Pope reached Rome on his
return, and was received with great joy by
his subjects. In the course of 1807, Buo-
naparte having made many demands on Pius
VII. with a threat of occupying his capital
on non-compliance, the latter, on the 2d of
February, 1808, published a solemn protest
against such occupation. This was answered on
the 2d of April following by a Decree, in which
Buonaparte said " considering that the Pope had
constantly refused to make war on the English,
the provinces of Ancona, Urbino, and Mace-
rata should be annexed to the kingdom of Italy."
His Holiness sent a deputation to pray the ri-
gour of this Decree might softened, but
Bounaparte 'replied to them, " Your Bishop
is the Spiritual Chief of the Church, hut I
am its Emperor ;" and on the 17th of May,
1809, Ire issued a Decree, annexing the Pon-
tifical States to the French Empire. Pius
VII. opposed to all these violences nothing but
the purest Christian humility, hut lie combined
with it the most unbending firmness. He never
would anathematize the English nation—he never
would make war on them—he never would declare
that they were the enemies of the Church. Buono-
parte caused him to be seized by night, and drag-
ged, at nearly 70 years of age, from Rome to Fon-
tainebleau, where lie was kept as a State Prisoner
until the downfal of the tyrant in 1814, when he
was immediately restored,to his dominions, and
proceeded to revisit them without delay. His
Proclamation at Cesena, on the 24th of May,
on his return, is highly interesting, and exhibits
a mind of great strength at so late a period
of life. The same day he once snore re-enter-
ed Rome, in the midst of a population enthusi-
astically delighted at his restoration. He imme-
diately employed himself in re-organizing all the
public institutions, and has ever since devoted
himself unceasingly to the affairs of the
Church, leaving the.direction.of Civil and tem•
porn' affairs almost wholly to isis Minister, Car-
dinal Consalvi. Pius VII. wns'admitted by Buo-
naparte himself to 'be -mild and amiable ; he
abounded in real Christian charity ; and though
so long subjected to the most unjust persecu-
tions, never evinced the least symptom of a vin-
dictive rpirit towards his enemies ; whilst towards
his friends or benefactors, and particularly to the
English Nation and Government, he always testi-
, lied the warmest gratitude.

AccrntxT iv HUNTIN4.—We are sorry to state
that one of the sons of Earl FORTEiCUE met with
a severe fall on Friday last, on Exmoor Forest,
near Syrnondsbath, when in full chase of a stag,
and was taken up quite senseless, by Mr. Lucas,
the Master of the 11unt.—(7'aunton Courier.)

UNITED STATES' ARMY.

STATE OF THE MILITARY ACADEMY AT WEST

POINT.
[From the National fatelligenccr.]
At the late examination of the cadet 4, the se.
veral classes acquitted themselves with great
eclat. The first, or graduating class, consisted of
about thirty-eight. They were examined on
tactics, chymestry applied to the arts and miner-
alogy, on geography, history, ethics, and plitional
law; and on fortification and the military act in
general. The second class, consisting of about
thirty-six, on mathematics, drawing, chymistry,
natural and experimental philosophy, and astro-
nomy. The thir: class, about fifty in number, on
drawing, French and mathematics. The fourth
class on French and mathematics. The arrange-
ment of the course of studies and the class-book
are as follows :
FIRST CLASS,-.FOUEII YEAR'S COURSE.

•
DEPARTMENT OF ENGlNEElLlNG.—Siddeeit—Science of
Artillery, Field Fortification, Permanent Fortification, Grand
Tactics, Civil and Military Architecture and Constructions.—
Class .11ooks—Treatise ou the Science of War and Fortifica-
tions, by Gay da Vernon ; Trait des Machines, par Hachette;
Pmgramme d'un Course tie Construction, par Sganzin.
HISTORY AND ETlllCS..Subjects—Geography, History,
Moral Philosophy, Law of Nations. Class Books—horse's
Geography, Tyder's Elements of General History, Paley's
Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy, Vatters Law of
Nations.
CIIYdttsTItT ANn 31 INERALoGY.—Subjects,--A indication
of Chymistry to the Arts, Mineralogy, Class Bouks—CleaVe-
land's Treatise on 31ineralogy and Geology.
TAcTics.—Subjects--School of the Soldier, Company and
Battalion. Evolutions of the Line, Exercise, and Mancemrres
'of Artillery. Class lloolcs,-Rules and Regulations for the
Field Exercise and 31anieuvres of Infantry ; Lallemand's
Treatise on Artillery.
SECOND CLASS—Tit MD YEAll'i COVIISE. •
NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PUILOSOPIM—Sub.
jects—Statisti, Dynamics, Hydrostatics, Hydrodynamics,
Pneumatics,. Magnetism, Electricity, Optics, Astronomy.
' Class Boula—Gregory's Treatise- Of Mechanics, Newton's
Principia, Enfield's Institutes of Natural Philosophy.
CitY st It Chymical Philosophy. Claii
Book—Henry's Chymistry.
DRAWlNG.—Suljeds—Landscape' Topography.
THIRD CLASS-SEcoND YEAR'S Cot, USE. •
MATIIEmATIcs.--Subjects—Fluxions ; Analytical Geo-
metry Perspective, Shades and Shadow ; Conic Sections, De-
scriptive Geometry. Class Books —Traite du Calcul differen-
del et integral, par Lacroix; Essai de Geometric analytiquc
appliqu4e aux Candies et aux Surfaces du second ordre, par
ltiot Cmzet's Treatise on Perspective, Shades and Shadows;
Crozet's Treatises on Descriptive Geometry and Conic Sections.
FRENcit LANtitrA6E.—SaNret—Translations from French
into English. Class Raoks,,llistoire de Gil Blas, les trois
derniers tome; Ilistoire de Charles XII. par Voltaire.

nI*AWING.-8001—Human Figure.
FOURTH GLASS--FIRST YEAR's COURSE.

MATHEMAT ics.,--Sidgects—Mensuration and Surveying;'
Trigonometry ; Geometry, Algebra. Class Books --Treatise
on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, and on the appliCation
of Algebra to Geometry, translated from the French of Lacroix
and Bezont, by Professor Farrar : begendre's Geometry ; Goad.
plement des elemens de Algebre, par Lacroix ; Lacroix's
.Ele-
ments of Algebra.
VnExcit LANu trAGE.—Sulfjects—Subjects from French
into English ; French Grammar. Class Books —llistoire de
Lail Lila:, le tome premier; Berard's Lecteur Franijais ; Be-
rard's French Grammar. .•
It will be- tseen, by the foregoing Table, that
the studies are of the highest order, end some of
them exceedingly difficult. Notwithstanding, the
whole must be accomplished within the time spe-
cified, viz. four years, or the cadet cannot be
graduated with his class; he will be turned back
and allowed one year more, and if then found
deficient at the ensuing examination, he retires
from the institution without a diploma, and con-
sequently cannot obtain a commission in the
army. Besides these requisites, in order to pass
through the Military Academy, gOod conduct
must attend the pupil in his whole course ; minor
,offences are punished in the scale of merit, and
the greater by confinement to quarters or by dis-
mission, as the'cuse may merit. Rolls of merit
are kept, by which the standing of each cadet
in his class is determined. Each particular
branch of studies in each class is kept separate ;
by a comparison of the rolls, and attending• to
the weight and importance of each of 11w
several branches, this Academic Board de-
termine, at the examination in Jnne, an order
of general and aggregate merit in each class ; ac-
cording to which, the members of the class
are arranged and enrolled 'from first to last.
The relative importance of the studies in each
class is as follows :—Engineering and the art of
war, 3 ; Natural Philosophy, 3 ; Mathematics,
3 ; Practical Military Instruction,2; Geography,
History, and Moral Science, 2 ; Chymistry and
Mineralogy, 2; French, 1 ; Drawing, 1. To
which is added conduct, estimated as •highly•as
any of the studies, and, without which, all the
information gained in the course would be of
little avail in the public service ; it therefore
ranks as first on the list, and is estimated at 3.
After the examination is completed, a merit roll
is made out, and sent by the Superintendent, to
the IVar Department. The five. first of each
cluss,as an honorary distinction, have their names
inscribed in the Army Register, which is pub-
lished annually, specifying the studies in Which
each excels.
_

The academic honours are announced by n re-
commendation from the Academic hoard, up.
proved by the Superintendent in a diploma,
stating that such are qualified and recommended
for, Ist, the engineer ; 9.d, the artillery ; 3d, the
line of the army, infantry or cavalry, as the case
may be.

The establishment at West Point is every way
worthy of the fepublic—it is on a scale propor-
tionate to the exigencies of the service. The
government and interior regulation are admirably
calculated to produce the best results ; and the
whole is conducted with a degree of precision,
order, regularity, and impartiality, that reflects
the highest credit on all concerned.

Yesterday, at one o'clock, as a gig, in which
were two gentlemen,
was passing along Bridge-
street,
Blackfriars, a hackney chariot ran vio-
lentlY against it, threw clown the horse, and
snapped the shaft elf close to the steps.—
The gentlemen were placed in a most peril-
ous situation beneath the body of the chaise,
as the horse in 'endeavouring to extricate himself
kicked with great violence, and ran off at full
speed towards the bridge, with the broken shafts
at his heels. He took to the pavement to avoid u
coal wagoon and fell down. On rising he made
for the road, but was fortunately secured by
some part of the itarness having caught the tail
of the waggon. One of the Gentlemen was
taken up with a severe contusion on the fore-
head, and his face streaming with blood. His
compauion miraculously escaped mama.