The Sun.
London, England, 1841-11-02 00:00:00

MUNICIP

be slaves.
Nor are we without similar illustrations in
ancient times. " We find," says MILLER, in his
Historical View of the English Government,
" that by a statute in the reign of King ATHEL-
STANE, a churl who had purchased an estate, con-
sisting of a few hides of land, with certain appen-
dages usually possessed by gentlemen of that
fortune, was declared to have aright to all the
privileges of a Thane." Such was, however,
the original inferiority of the peasants, and so
strong were the , habits connected with their pri-
mitive condition, that, although they had been
raised to independent circumstances, it was with
some difficulty they were permitted to hold the
rank of gentlemen, and procure the treatment
suitable to men of that superior class. The law,
therefore, at that early period, when customs, it
might be supposed, would not be more unalter-
able than at present, just like the law for libe-
rating the slaves in India, was inoperative, and
failed to procure for the opulent churl all the
rights and privileges attached to the property he
possessed when in the hands of one nobly born.
The same circumstance may be observed. in
Germany to this day, in some parts of which,
though the unennobled citizens may acquire the
estates of noblemen, they cannot put-Chase with
them the rights and privileges which the estate
carries with it when possessed by a person nobly
born. Whatever the law may intend, custom is
its master, and its actual effects are never deter-
mined by its own words, but by the manners of
the people.
A practical deduction of considerable impor-
tance may now be made from this doctrine.
Mr. SMITH, of the Exchequer Bill-office, has
defrauded the public, it -is said, of 300,0001.
He has done this in spite of the most severe laws
which can be enacted against his offence, which
is unfortunately not a solitary case of such
criminality in comparatively high stations. In-
stances continually occur of persons in easy and
opulent circumstances committing forgery, frau-
dulent bankruptcy, and other similar acts of
extensive plunder. For many years the law has
been sharply directed against forgery and fraud
of every description, but in spite of the law they:l
continue to flourish.
The fact is, that a fraudulent appropriation of
property is, we are sorry to say, a general cus-
tom amongst us. The Monarch, or the Minis-
ters in his name, claim and appropriate for his
or her use a far greater income than is required,
and which is wasted on the aristocracy. The
landlords, composing the House of Peers and
the House of Commons, continually pass and
maintain laws, such as the Corn-laws, to take
away the property of some and give it to others.
who should set ,a better example,
notorious"aril.eieclergy' -
for making and maintaining a con-
tinual inroad on the produce of other men's
labour. The middle classes exact what they
can from those below and above them, and many
of the poorest classes take what they can from all
above them. To plunder one another, legally
or illegally, by means of the law, or in op-
position to. its enactments, we regret to be
obliged to repeat, is a prevalent custom of
our country, and laws to prevent it will be as
inefficacious as laws to set at liberty the slaves of
-3,1.,...1abar. All the decrees which Corn-law
making landlords may direct against forgery and
fraud, 'alt‘the sermons which the clergy . may
preach agoAsti,th lame crimes, will abate them
9
no more than wing &little boat against a mighty
rivet hp;ips the flow of its stream. It would net be
difficult, in fact, to prove, that the more the
landlords .fulminate severe laws against such
crimes—the more urgently and vehemently the
clergy denounce them, while they continue to
encourage them by their own practices, the faster
and the- more will such crimes increase. We

Of political news there is an absolute dearth
in the French Journals of Sunday ; for there is
no novelty in stating that discontent exists in the.
French army--that LOUIS PHILIPPE and CHRIS-
TINA Mur;oz are deeply disappointed by the
fitilure of the insurrection in Spain—that French
influence has declined on the Spanish side of the
Pyrenees—and that the recent inundations
have greatly augmented the general distress in
the southern provinces of Frahee. The policy
of France towards Spain this year is quite as ill-
judged as her policy towards Turkey in On.
years 1839 and IS4O. Espousing the cause ()I re-
hellion in Turkey and revolution in Spain,
she has obtained by her double failure di(
hatred of the Spaniards and' Turks, and the
Monarc'hical States of Europe. For in the eyes
of Austria, Russia, and Prussia, the abstract
claims of Madame MUNOZ to the Regency are
not a jot better founded than those of Eara t?s,
TERO ; while the latter, from being firmly estal. -
lished, is infinitely a more direct representative-
of the Conservative principle. But LOUIS PHI-
LIPPE saw nothing but the dazzling prospect of
placing a Crown on the head of the young Duke
D'AUMALE. To be the father. of a brace of kings
was more glorious in his eyes than to have l:is
praises celebrated by Europe as the Pacificator
of the Peninsula. What crimes that poor am-
bition of giving tyrants to the world has pro-
duced ! How many of the most powerful
princes, and the wisest pontiffs, have been ren-
dered contemptible by this vice of nepotism!
From private accounts, we learn that a con-
flict between English and French interests, adds
to the disturbances in Syria. The English have
espoused the side of the Druses, the French
that of the Maronites. In conflicts ,between
them blood had been shed, and the peace of the
mountains in the vicinity Of Beyrout seriously
disturbed. In addition to this intelligence, whicl.
has reached us from Constantinople, we fine
the following account in a French Journal of
Sunday :
A letter, written by an officer of the squadron of Ad-
miral La Susse, gives the following account of the stag
of things in Syria :—" The English have installed them-
selves, as in a fixed residence, at Acre and Beyrout.
Their flag flies by the side of that of the Porte, and thei.
soldiers look on themselves as in garrison in English
towns. There are only about 150 at Beyrout and 406
at Acre. The others (between 300 and 400) are dis-
tributed in several small posts occupied by Turks.
" The Turkish Governors fancy themselves in a con-
quered country, leaving the English to do as they like
with respect to military and political matters, while thei
themselves seem to think only of extorting all they
can from the inhabitants of the towns, and
from the mountaineers, who bring provisions, in :or-
der to enrich themseves as speedily as possible,
for they judge that their occupation is but temporary.
Thus the English left in the fortified towns as instructors
of the soldiers and directors of the works, do their ut-
most to establish themselves in the country. Their com-
mercial countrymen have not been idle, and there are
now at Beyrout English goods enough to supply all
Syria and even Egypt for six or eight years. Accord-
ingly the French houses, which are not in favour, -are
settling their affairs in order to leave this melancholy
il country.
" As fur the Mountaineers, they are animated by a spirit
of independence, and it will not be possible to place them
again under the despotism of the Turks or the Egyptians;
they obstinately refuse to submit to the most moderate
tariffs; scarcely is one concession made to them when
I they demand others. Everything serves them as a pre-
tence to have recourse to arms, and they will continue to
act in this manner till their independence is acknow-
ledged, and till the two districts of the Lebanon are left
at liberty to choose their own Emir,• to vote the taxes,
and to determine the amount of the tribute which they
shall pay to the Sultan. France must not lose sight of
the inhabitants of Lebanon—they must favour the deve-
lopment of the anipathy which they feel to the Eng-
lish."— Courrier Francais.
- An elderly woman of insane mind, living in the Rue
Beaurepaire, was attended by her daughter with unre-
mitting care, and never left by her except when asleep.
The morning before last, the daughter, believing her
mother to be in sound repose, left her for a few mitutes
in their apartment, which was on the third floor, but she
had scarcely closed the door, when the mother, who had
feigned sleep, stole from her bed to the window, and
brew herself out. Providentially in her fall her foot
was caught by the rails of a balcony on the second floor,
' and thus she remained- suspended for a considerable time
with her head downwards. The neighbours brought
out mattresses and a quantity of straw, and laid them in
the street to receive her, in case of her hold giving way.
Others hastened to the balcony, and, by passing sheets
round her body, took her in. The foot by which she
was caught had been broken, but she had not received
any other injury. -,
A pleasant mot of the mother. of Mademoisselle Rachel
is cited. Since this accomplished actress's triumphant
reception in London—since the favours lavished on her
by Queens Victoria and Adelaide, Madame Felix
the , name of; the fair tragedian's mother, has been so
intoxicated with the young actress's success, as to
have almost perdu in tete. The wags allege -that
nothing short of the title of " Queen-Mother " will
satisfy the old lady's exigeance. . They add, that she has
taken Royal state and dignity upon her, and that if
any one speak to her on the subject of a "civil list," he
would be speedily shown to the door by her subjects
(domestics). In illustration of this idosyncracy of the
elder Rachel, the following anecdote is related :—A few
days since one of the most celebrated female haber-
dashers and getters up of fine linen in Paris, called upon
her for the price of a magnificent cambric handkerchief,
embroidered and fringed with lace of great value, which
was especially. made and supplied several months
back to " Hermione," to wipe away her tragical tears.
The sight of the poor plaguy lingere s bill set the old
lady in a rage, and she refused point-blank to pay; the
tradeswoman, forgetting the "Royal" dignity of the per-
son whom she addressed, took the incredible liberty of
insistine.; whereupon the superb Felicia, irritated and
provoked beyond all the bounds of restraint, rose from
her seat with the air of a wounded Sultana, and exclaimer'
" Woman, withdraw. You are not included in '
month's budget !"—Paris Paper.
The sister and brother-in-law of Barbes, who is eon.
fined at Mont St. Michel, haie addressed a memorial to
the Procureur du Rol of Avrar.ches, • complaining of the
undue severity to which' Bathes -is 'exposed in that pri-
son. They state in this document that Barbes was placed
with some refractory robbers in close cabins immedi-
ately under the roof, whereby he was snbjeCted alter-
nately to all the severities of extreme 'heat end cold.
Iletarning one day from taking the air, he found that
*:,..twtaro, in his door by which light had been ad-
ussitteclareteaellis cell was stopped up, and he declared that
the would mot go in until he had seen the diVector. In-
Stole of this; being allowed, twelve gaolers came, and
later having cruelly beaten him dragged hiin by the hair
-.and head down the stairs,. and put him into a damp and
unwholesome dungeon formed in the rock on which the
came. stands, his legs being thrnst into it sort of iron
boats; ' TllO -Temps, in noticing. thiS subject, adds—
" The , treatment of the political prisoners is so rigorous,
that Steuble,- one of them, killed himself
.in despair ;
another, Austen, . became inaci,, ansi is now confined
among the lunatics at Ponterson ; and a third,' Auguste
Blanqui, . has fallen into a state of pthiSie and Maras-
nuts, so that his life is. in danger. When the prisoners
are driven by this treatment to complain in terms which
their gaolers disapprove, they are overwhelmed with
blows. -
M. Fortune d'Est is now itnprisoned in Paris, and
the Examining Magistrate has been occupied in interro-
gating the, persons to whom he is indebted.

---
THE NORWICH CHARTISTS continue, WC see,
alive to the importance of the cause they have
taken in hand, and active in supporting it. The
clergy, it appears, persist in their design to hold
a meeting to obtain subscriptions for the propaga-
tion of the Gospel, which has called forth the
following letter. We re-publish it, because, as
the Editor of the .Norwich Mercury remarks, it
lays bare . the danger to which the peace of the
country is exposed :
TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORWICH MERCURY.
SlR—The letter of the Dean of Norwich to the Mayor
Of this cityls an insult to the working classes, and shows
the difference between cant and Christianity. When
poverty with hollow cheek and sunken eyes is stalking
through the land, when the starving millions are lifting
up their hands, and with one voice calling aloud for
bread, what must be the feelings of the working man
who, returning home destitute to his famished wife and
children, announces"
to them, that a public meeting
has been called at St. Andrew's • Hall !—not to con-
sider what steps are to be taken to provide against the
consequences of the coming winter, when cold shall be

added to. hunger, and the tide of human misery shall rise
up so high- As to flow in at the rich man's door ; nor to
pass a resolution that "no rich man can lay his head with
safety on--his pillow, while the multitude are famishing,
in the midst of plenty"—but for what ? Why to sub-
scribe money- to build churches, and to propagate the
gospel in foreign lands!Great God, cawthese men be
Christians ? •the great Founder of cur faith thus
feed the multitude when they were a-hungered ? When
they asked him for bread, - did he give them a stone, a
church ?- Does -the Dean of Norwich think that the
starving operatives of this city will sit mute, and see their
misery mocked by an appeal to the charity of the public in
behalf of an object so vague and questionable, when real
and palpaple poverty, gaunt and meagre, surrounds him,
on all sides and stares him in the face ? Are these men
so blinded with wealth and luxury that they cannot see
a cloud gathering afar off, and read in the voices of the
people the hand-writing on the wall. Ignorant and
despicable as we are, we have sense enough to know that
man was not made to perish in the midst of plenty.
Instead of challenging us to another meeting at Saint
Andrew's Hall to witness an exhibition of ostentatious
charity, why does he not call together the rich and the
great, and make a gathering for the immediate. and press-
ing wants of thousands of his fellow-citizens ? What
would be thought of a man who went abroad to do acts
of chaiity,.when his children were left starving at home?
Although I have no hopes that you will make this pub-
Lie, the Dean will find us at our post at Saint Andrew's
Hall, when ho will have another opportunity of seeing
that the voices of a starving people cannot be stifled.
A CHARTIST.
In that letter is much matter for reflection,
and of grave and solemn warning, Is it possible
that the ruling classes can be blind to the conse-
quences of continuing to run in their present
career?
• MERCANTILE MARINE.—We were misled by
the language used by .the Shipping Gazette to
suppose that it contemplated some plan of giving
to the mercantile marine a military rank and
uniform. We have since beers informed by that
Journal that its proposition was to establish a
Board to license masters and mates of merchant
;lips, as pilots are licensed. We have not so
much confidence in such Boards and licenses as
.mirContemporary. It is a Frenci fashion, and
it is rather disgraceful for the most successful
maritime power in the world to copy from the
.e"st successful. Our Contemporary gives the
following instances of ships being badly officered,
which are lamentable proofs that ship-owners
are inadequate to govern their sewn property,
and may, perhaps, suggest to some persons
:.nother cause for the reported decay of our
shipping than reciprocity treaties. Shipowners
ire very often now mere capitalists, and no lon-
-1,-er, as they used to be, seamen or shipmasters.
Chew want a Board to help out their own defi-
ciencies.
We have, for instance," says the Shipping Gazette,
a vessel navigated home from the coast of Africa by a
Joy, one of the crew ; the mate had died—he was the
'ormer navigator, the master being ignorant of that art.
A ship bound to India loses her master at sea, and after-
wards falling in with another vessel, borrows a mate
diat she may continue the voyage, having no person on
board capable of directing her course. A vessel from a
Scotch port bound to Calcutta arrived at the Cocoas ! A
,hip, whose master was killed by accident, left two mates,
neither of whom was trustworthy ; but the ship, being
At Timor, some shipmaster interfered, examined the ap-
prentice as to his qualifications, and, finding that he
knew something of navigation, entrusted him to take her
to Sydney, in which he succeeded."
We have no doubt that merchant ships are
very often improperly officered, but so are men-
of-war, all the officers of which undergo exami-
nation, arid are appointed by those who are sup-
ptised to- have the interest of the service much at
wart. ..
ENGtsO44 ,NV HEAT EXPORTING COUNTRY.—
Chiiittiqii#, the Member for Lincolnshire,
eerris digro`std:: to dispute with Tambof Stanley
his claii*ite Sit in Munchausen 's chair. The
atter shade a province of Russia, • which
carcely grows food enough fisr its own fifteen
aundred thousand inhabitants,. send 08,000,000
parters of grain in one year to St. Petersburgh ;
the former, however, seems to us to lave out-
done this, for he assured his hearers at Barton
hat England, which does not grow food enough
cur its own people, sent upwards 900;000 bushels
if her own growth to the United States in the
year 1837. As all the Radical press, according
to the Tory Journals, deal in nothing-
but
calumny and lies, and as Tory Members of
Parliament, froth the Tamworth-school Premier
to Mr. Christopher, according to the same
veracious authorities, all speak nothing but Gospe
truth, we must be wrong in asserting that the
corn exported to the United States in 1837 was
of foreign growth, and Mr. Christopher must
speak truth in saying that it was of English
growth. If' it were of English growth, how came
our people to be so badly off for food in 1837 and
in 1838? The Standard, another and well-known
candidate for Munchausen honours; made the
same assertion as Mr. Christopher, and made it
before him. Unfortunately, too, for Mr. Chris-
topher's reputation for acuteness, as well as ori-
ginality, he borrowed the Munchausen story
from the (1 e( 7 ( after it had been refuted.
The Liverrr( 1 Albion remarked, more than a
week ago, -II at every bushel of the 984,334
bushels was Ic r tit I corn, which had, for a long
period, lain i r bond, and the owners of which,
seeing no e tcc of its being liberated under
the
,sliding scale, except at a loss, embraced the
.
opportunity of the scarcity in the United States
to send it thither, as. the least of two evils. Mr.
Christopher, the Standard, and Lord Stanley,
are all aspirants to the Munchausen chair; and,
without pretending to decide for the public, we
must give it as our own opinion that Tambof
Stanley has still the best claim to sit in it.
The Standard has 'made a far more important
diScovery than how to set the Thames on fire—
namely, how to preserve public buldings froM
fire, and the public securities from forgery.
Economy, according to our severely logical Con-
tempory, set fire to the Houses of Parliament,
and the Royal Exchange, forged the Exchequer
Bills, and destroyed the arsenal at the Tower.
Extravagance, therefore, exorbitant salaries,
numerous sinecures—these things, so dear to the
Tory heart—many public servants with nothing
to do, and at large salaries, is the sure mans to
guarantee the public against fire and forgery.
So complete an exposition in few words. of the
whole scheme of Tory policy, as "pay an im-
mense 'army of Tory officials for doing nothing,
and everything will be done that ought to be,"
we never before met with. Unfortunately for
the Tory policy, the public revenue will not
admit that it be carried into execution, -and the
extravagant, truculent • Tories
.must continue .to
see our public buildings destroyed .by fire, and
our public institutions assailed by the press, be-
cause they have no longer either the funds or
the power to give effect to their waste and their
tyranny.
THE FIRE IN THE TOWER.—We have received
several additional communications respecting this
unfortunate event, but they contain no
.news of
any importance. Most of the fire-engines had
left last night, and, in all probability, operations
will be commenced to-day for clearing out the
ruins. We believe the number of muskets in the
armoury was about 100,000, and the loss altoge-
ther—taking into account the re-building of the
armoury, and making good the arms destroyed,
, will not exceed 400,0001.
his

LLOYD'S SHIPPING—(THIS DAY).
LONDON, Nov. 2.—Wind this day at noon, N.
DEAL, Nov. I.—Wind W. to W.N.W., light..—Arrd.
from the river and-Sailed, Bolton, New Zealand; Eagle,
Hobart Town ; Rookery, Calcutta ; Rachel, Bombay ;
POrt Philip; Caroline. Jamaica. Arrd. from river Duchess
of Kent and Louisa, Sydney; Louisa, Port Philip; Islay,
Cawton, Sierra Leone ; Caroline, Jamaica ; Chance, St.
Domingo; Underwood, St. Kitt's ; Elizabeth, Grenada;
Ellen, Gillman, Alicant.
WHITSTABLE, Nov. I.—Two bales of shumac and
some pieces of spars have been picked np at Bishopstone.
LIVERPOOL, Nov. I. Wind W.N.W., moderate.—
Arrd. Goshawk, Sydncy ; Blair, Batavia ' • J. Bull,
Rogers, Calcutta ; Levenside, Jamaica, sailed 18th ult. ;
Horatio, Martin, llonduras ; Lord Durham, Nassau,
Hobe and Elizabeth Bently, St. John's, New Brunswick ;
Firefly, Smyrna. Sailed Saxe Gotha, Bombay. Arrived
off, Warwick.
PORTSMOUTH, NOV. I.—Wind W.N.W. N.W.--Put
back her Majesty's ship Styx, for Quebec, with damage
to engines.
SOUTHAMPTON, NOV. I.—Arrd. Braganza, Gibraltar,
left 21st ult., Cadiz 22a, Lisbon 25th, Vigo 28th.
PLYMOUTH, NOV. I.—Wind N.W.—Arrived London,
from London for Sydney.
FALMOUTH, OCT. *31.--Wind N.W. to W.--Arrived
Montrose steamer, from SouthamptOn for' Vigo.
PENZANC, 'OCT. 31.—Arrd. Mary, Newport, for New
Ross, with loss of boat, bulwarks, sails, &c. •
Corm, OCT. 30.—S1d. Martin Luther, for Port Philip.
CROOKIIAVEN, OCT. 29.--.-Arrd. Duchess of Portland,
Ray, from Demerara.
YOUDHA.L, OCT. 30.—Arrd. Kitty, Quebec. The Wil-
liam Penn, which sld. hence 28th for Portsmouth, put
back very leaky, and must discharge.
LEITH, OCT. 29.—Arrd. Nimrod, Robertson, Pictou.

TII.E QUEEN DOWAGER.-SUDBURY HALL)
SUNDAY.—Her Majesty has passed a restless night, oc-
casioned by the frequency of her cough ; but there is no
material alteration in her lilajesty's symptoms this

morning.

DUNMOW.—The excessive flood of Wednesday
night and Thursday morning, caused the river Chelmer
here to rise between six and seven feet, at Church-end
and the Ford bridges, and cut off all communication for
the day for foot passengers, between Dunmow :and the
parishes of Bardfield, Stebbing, Felsted, and the vicinity.
Three or four hundred bullocks, the property of Welsh-
men, on their way to Halsted fair, part of which number
had been depastured for the night in some meadows oc-
cupied by Mr. Medson, were swimming about Or two
hours near tho Ford-bridge.—Essex Herald.

CTIONS.

- -
LEEDS-REFORM TRIUMPH.
The municipal elections of this day have secured the
Corporation to the Liberal party, and have shown a re-
markable change •in public feeling in their favour, and
against the Tories. The result of to-day's election is
the return of eleven Reformers and fire Tories. Last
year the returns were six Reformers and. ten Tories.
The following is a view of the past -and • future state
of the Corporation :
Corporation before Nov. 1, 1841.
Liberals. Tories.
. 15 1
16 32

Aldermen
Councillors

Total 3l 33
Councillors retiring, Nov. 1, 1841 5 11

Leaving
Councillors elected Nov. I, 1841

Making total of
These members will vote for the Mayor.
After which Aldermen retire

Leaving
Liberal majority for the election of the
Aldermen, four. ,
New Aldermen elected

38 2G

Corporation when completed
Liberal majority 12.
'he following is a detailed statement of the polls :
EAST WARD.--No Contest.
KIRKGATE WARD.
LIBERALS. TORIES.

Barlow
MILL HILL WARD.
Birchall
Smith 375 1 Atkinson
NORTH WARD.
Holmes - 455 1 Hargreaves
. , NORTH-EAST WARD.
Dorton 593 1 Holroyd
:STORM-WEST WARD.—Whitehead, majority 119.
SOUTH ,WARD.—No contest.
. . WEST WARD.
___

Fairbairn ^6"3 I Chorley 599
Kelsal 674 Dove 6Ol
BRAMLEY WARD.—PoII closed.
HEADINGLY WARD.—No contest.
HOLBECK WARD.
Marshall 873 I Titley
Hall
III3NSLET, WARD.
\
Bower 716 i Beckett 560

. 602
. 603

LEICESTER.
GLORIOUS VICZORY.
The Tories here boasted of reaction. The following
is a practical commentary on their vain assertions. The
tw o first in each ward are elected. Total twelve Liberals;
two Tories.

ALL SAINTS WARD.
LIBERALS.

TORIES.

Bates
jary I
is
WEST ST. MARY'S WARD.
Harres, R. jun. ... ..... 179 I
Moore
Eames, W. K.
EAST ST. MARY'S WARD.
Weston, E 162 Payne, B.
I
Rodgers
MIDDLE ST. MARGARET'S WARD.
Holland
Baines (who was impri- Woodward (formerly
soned for Church- a Liberal, now sup-
rates)
EAST ST. MARGARET'S WARD.
Whetstone, J.
I
Hutchinson 136 Mayore ll5
• NORTH ST. 3IARG...4.RET'S WARD.
W heeler 124 I Macaulay B6
Gittins l2l Rawson, H Bl
ST. MARTIN'S WARD.
Nunneley ll i Wright . 136
I
Haddon lO7 Luck l3l
In Middle St. Margaret's, there was much false play ;
and several of the weaker Liberals were deluded. A
Tory named Nicholls, experienced in election matters,

111;gaiiy---iolled in two wards.
At the first election, in 1835, the Tories returned 4
out of 42, being, after the election of Aldermen, 4 out of
56. Now they have 5 out of 56 ; so much for Tory
" reaction !"