The Sun.
London, England, 1840-01-16 00:00:00

LONDON. THURSDAY, JANUARY 16, 1840.

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tiNITEDe T
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
TO THE 26TH CONGRESS.

FIRST SESSION.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of Re-
presentatives,
I regret that I cannot on this occasion congratulate
you that the past year has been one of unalloyed pros-
perity. The ravages of fire and disease have painfully
afflicted otherwise flourishing portions of our country,
and serious embarrasments yet derange the trade of

many of our cities. But, notwithstanding these adverse
circumstances, that general prosperity which has been
ii retofore so bountifully bestowed upon us by the Au-

,or of all Good, still continues to call for our warmest

gratitude. Especially have we reason to rejoice in the
exuberant harvests which have lavishly recompensed

well directed industry, and given to it that sure reward
which is vainly sought in visionary speculations. I can-
not, indeed, view without peculiar satisfaction the evi-
dences afforded by the past season of the benefits that
spring from the steady devotion of the husbandman to
his honourable pursuit. No means of individtial com-

fort is more certain, and no source of national prospe-

rity is so sure. Nothing can compensate a people for a
dependence upon others for the bread they cat ; and
that cheerful abundance on which the happiness of every
one so much depends, is to be looked for nowhere with
such -sure reliance as in the industry of the agriculturist
and the bounties of the earth.

With foreign countries our relations exhibit the same
favourable aspect which was presented in my last an-
nual message, and.nfford.contintied proof of the wisdom
of the pacific, just, and forbearing policy adopted by
the first Administration of the Federal Government,
and pursued by its successors. The extraordinary
powers vested in me by an Act of Congress, for the
defence of the country in an emergency, considered so
far probable as to require that the Executive should
possess ample means to meet it, have not been exerted.
They have, therefore, been attended with no other re-
sults than to increase, by the confidence thus reposed
in me, my obligations to maintain, with religious exact-
ness, the cardinal principles that govern our intercourse
with other nations. Happily, in our pending questions
with Great Britain, out of which this unusual grant of
authority arose, nothing has occurred to require its
exertion ; and as it is about to return to the Legislature,
I trust that no future necessity may call, for its exercise
by them or its delegation to another department of the
Government.
For the settlement of our north-eastern boundary,
the proposition promised by Great Britain for a com-
mission of exploration and survey, has been received,
and a counter project, including also a provision for a
certain anal final adjustment of the limits in dispute, is
now before the British Government for its consideration.
A just regard to the delicate state of this question, and
a proper respect for the natural impatience of the State
of Maine, not less than a conviction that the negotiation
has been already protracted longer than is prudent on
the part of either Government, have led me to believe
that the present favourable moment should on no account
be suffered to pass withut putting the question for ever
to rest. I feel confident that the Government of her
Britannic Majesty will take the same view of this
subject, as I am persuaded it is governed by desires
equally strong and sincere, for the amicable termination
of the controversy.
To the intrinsic difficult questions of boundary lines,
especially those described in regions unoccupied and but
partially known, is to be added in our country the embar-
rassment necessarily arising out of our Constitution, by
which the general government is made the organ of ne-
gotiating, and deciding upon the particular interests of
the States on whose frontiers these lines are to be traced.
'lo avoid another controversy in which a state govern-
ment might rightfully claim to have her wishes consulted
previously to the conclusion of the conventional arrange-
ments concerning her right of jurisdiction or territory,
I have thought it accessary to call the attention of the
Government of Great Britain to another portion of our
conterminous dominion, of which the division still remains
to he adjusted. I refer to the line from the entrance of
Lake Superior to the most north-western point of the
Lake of the Woods, stipulations for the settlement of
which are to be found in the 7th article of the treaty of
Ghent. The Commissioners appointed under that arti-
cle by the two Governments having differed in their
opinions, made separate reports, according to its stipula-
tions, upon the points of disagreement ; and these differ-
ences are now to be submitted to the arbitration of some
friendly Sovereign or State. The disputed points should
be settled, and the line designated, before the territorial
government, of which it is one of the boundaries, takes
its place in the, Union as a State ; and I rely upon the
cordial co-operation of the British Government to effect

that object.
There is every reason to believe that disturbances
like those which lately agitated the neighbouring Bri-
tish provinces will not again prove the sources of bor-
der contention, or interpose obstacles to the continuance
of that good understanding which it is the mutual inte-
rest of Great Britain and the United States to preserve
and maintain.
Within the provinces themselves tranquillity is re-
stored, and on our frontier that misguided sympathy in
favour of what was presu,-ned to be a general effort in
behalf of popular rights, and which in some instances
misled a few of our more inexperienced eitizens,has sub-
sided into a rational conviction strongly opposed to all
iotermeddling with the internal affairs of our neigh-
bours. The people of the United States feel, as it is
hoped they always will, a warm solicitude for the suc-
cess of all who are sincerely endeavouring to improve
the political condition of mankind. This generous feel-
ing they cherish towards the most distant nations ; and
it was natural, therefore, that it should be awakened
with more than common warmth in behalf of their im-
mediate neighbours. But it does nat belong to their
character as a community to seek the gratification of
those feelings in acts which violate their duty as citi-
zens, endanger the peace of the country, and tend to
bring upon it the stain.of a violated faith towards foreign
nations. If, zealous to confer benefits on others, they
appear for a moment to lose sight of the permanent
obligations imposed upon them as citizens, they are sel-
dom long misled. From all the information I receive,
confirmed to some extent by personal observation, I
am satisfied that no one can now hope to engage in
such enterprises without encount ;ring public indigos
tion, in addition to the severest penalties of the law.
Recent information also leads me to hope that the
emigrants from her Majesty's provinces who have
sought refuge within our boundaries are disposed to be-
come peaceable residents, and to abstain from all at-
tempts to endanger the peace of that country which
has afforded them an asylum. On a review of the oc-
currences on both sides of the line, it is satisfactory
to reflect, that in almost every complaint against our
country, the offence may be traced to emigrants from
the provinces who have sought refuge here. In the
few instances in which they were aided by citizens of
the United States, the acts of these misguided men
were not only in direct contravention of the laws and
well known wishes of their own Government, bat met
with the decided disapprobation of the people of the
United States.
I regret to state the appearance of a different spin'
-

among her Majesty's subjects in the Canadas. The
sentiments of hostility to our people and institutions,
which have been so frequently expressed there, and the
disregard of our rights which have been manifested
on some occasiods, have, I am sorry to say, been ap-
plauded and encouraged by the people, and even by
some of the subordinate local authorities, of the pro-
vinces. The chief officers in Can&da, fortunately have
not entertained the same feeling, and have probably
prevented excesses that must have been fatal to the
peace of the two countries.
I look forward anxiously to a period when all the
transactions which have grown out of this condition of
our affairs, and which have been made the subjects of
complaint and remonstrance by the two Governments
respectively, shall be fully examined, and the proper
satisfaction given whore it is due from either side.
Nothing has occurred to disturb the harmony of our
intercourse with Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France,
Naples, Portugal, Russia, or Sweden. The internal
state of Spain has sensiblyl improved, and a well-
grounded hope exists that the return of peace will re-
store to the people of that country their former prospe-
rity, and enable the Government to fulfil all its obliga-
tions at home and abroad. The Government of Portu-
gal, I have the satisfaction to state, has paid in full. the
eleventh and last instalment due to our citizens for the
claim embraced in the settlemest made with it on the
3d of March, 1837.
I lay before you treaties of commerce negotiated, the
ratifications of which have been exchanged, with the
Kings of Sardinia and of the Netherlands, since the
adjournment of Congress. The liberal principles of the
treaties will recommend them to your approbation.
That with Sardinia is tho first treaty of commerce
formed by that kingdom, and it will, I trust, answer
the expectations of the present Sovereign, by aiding; the
development of the resources of his country, and sti_
! mulatiag the enterprise of his people. That with the
Netherlands happily terminates a long-existing subject
of dispute, and removes from our future commercial in-
tercourse all apprehension of embarrassment. The
Xing of the Netherlands has also, in further illustration
of his character for justice, and of his desire to re-
move every cause of dissatisfaction, made compensation
for an American vessel captured in 1800 by a French
privateer, and carried into Curacca, where the proceeds