The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-11 00:00:00

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

__-
The illoniteur publishes an order of the day of
Marshal Gerard, forbidding the National Guards
from proceeding in a budy to meet, through
Compliment to the. 17th regiment of Light In-
Autry, coninianded by the _Duke D'Aumale, on
its arrival in Paris.
The Journal des Debats states that the nego-
tiations for a commercial arrangement between
France and Belgium Were likely to proceed ra-
pidly. The proposition to suppress the custom
houses between the two countries had been inde-
finitely adjourned.
Prince Ferdinand, of Saxe Coburg, and Prince
Augnstiis, his son, were hourly expected at Com-
, peigne.
Letters from Mexico, received via Bordeaux,
and dated the Ist of July, announce that the
Mexican Government, had contracted a loan of
' 2,000,000 of dollars, and that the affair of Don
Luea.Alatnan had been arranged.
According to a letter front
constantinople
of the thitno, published by the Augsburg
Gazette 'of the 6th instant, llesebid Pasha
was likely to be again invested with the
Airection Hof affairs; and .tahir Pasha, who,
accordini .0, the last advices from the Turkish
capital, ,Wq§toobe raised to the dignity of Grand
i3siel7, 440„ been ordered to remain in Candia.
The repkesetttatites,,of Great Britain, France,
avid Atistrial..hadi 'it appears, opened a negotia-
tion with:th'e _ Porte respecting the political and
administrative 'Government of Syria.
'A tir'i'sporident of the Vonstitutignnel writes
i4roto Cofistantinople that the tax' imposed upon
the Syrian mountaineers had been, definitely
.fixed at three thousand purses, (13,000/0, on con-
dition of their co nrue,ite, confbrming to the treaty of
n,
silk duti but with the option of paying the
es in kind.
The question of the suppressed convents of
-41rgovia came again before the Helvetic Diet in
the beginning of the month. Petitions for and
against their suppression were presented, but
after three days' discussion the Assembly ad-
journed to the 23th of October, without coming
to any decision.
ACcounts from Hanover state that the King
would only remain a few days in his capital, and
would immediately take another journey, sup-
posed to be connected with a marriage of the he-
reditary Prince.
Our accounts from Madrid are of the 9.d inst.
Every thing passed 'off quiety on the Ist inst.
it was remarked that the British Ambassador had
not thought proper to illuminate his hotel on the
preceding evening. The Budget, as voted by the
Chambers, was ptiblished in the Gazette, with the
,Regent's sanction. rt was reported that the
Queen would 'shortly- leave Madrid and proceed
Ito Andalusia.
-The Five per Cents. were done at 251 9-16ths
nor gash, and 261 at 60 days.
M. Olozaga, the Spanish Minister, (was ex-
P&ted in Paris on Thursday.

FLANDERS MAIL.
RERUN, SEPT. 2.—The Magdeburg Gazette says—
" We heir that Count Rumigny, aide-de-camp to the
King of tae French, has asked our King for permission
for some French officers to be present at the review in
Silesia. As his Majesty the King did not refuse to com-
ply with his request, about forty officers will come from
France to Silew.
COLOGNE, SEPT. I.—The news of the death of the
Bishop of Padesborn has caused, as might be expected,
a great sensation, as all the Bishop's sees of the Provinces
of the Rhine and Westphalia are now vacant, except
that of Monster, the Bishop of which (a brother of our
Archbishop) is old and blind.
HANOVER, SEPT. 3.—His Majesty has been pleased to
confer the Order of St. George on his Highness Prince
Metternich

HAMTIURGir, SEPT. 6.—The Tribunal of Commerce
has passed sent( rt,e in the case of the Hamburgh ship
Louisa, Capt. Boye, and its cargo, captured by the Bri-
tish ship Grecian, Capt. Smyth, by which the ship and
cargo are declared free, and Domingo Joze Gonzalaz re-
leased from personal arrest; and Capt. Cecil Heinrish
Boye, the first pilot, Christian Andresson, and the
second pilot, John William Harris, who were out on
bail, discharged.
OLDENDURGu, Arc. 30. —Yesterday afternoon we
had the pleasure of seeing her Majesty the Queen of
Greece arrive here in excellent health.—Hamburgh
Papers, Sept. 7.
BRUSSELS, SEPT. B.—The average price of wheat last
week wits 21E 44c., and that of rye 11f 21c.
M. Aguatlo, who arrived a few days ago at Antwerp,
is now at Brussels.

The Minister of the Interior has lately applied. to the
cotton merchants at Ghent for their opinion whether it
would be advisable to establish a common and reciprocal
duty of 5 to 10 per cent. on the manufactures of the two
countries on their importation from one kingdom into the
other. The spinners, weavers, and printers of Ghent
have met, and answered; that -however formidable the
competition with France might be, they would accept
with gratitude any measure which should increase their
marine, and cause a closer intercourse with our southern
neighbours:

t'aron James Rothschild, of Paris, was at Brussels
yesterday. It is said that he is going to enter into a
negotiation relative to an iron rails ay from Valenciennes
to Paris.

DUTCH FUNDS.—AbIiiTERDASI, SEPT. 7.
Motley. pip,
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent
Jitto, ditto 5 per cent.
/smart Syndic, 45,i per cent 91% fil%
Ditto, ditto, 3ls; per cent 75!,, ;5%
Commercial Company, 4,, per cent 't.s% ;t6
Ditto (15.35 and 1837) 5 per cent.
Loan 18:37, 5 per cent... .................
Exchange on London, One month l2 0714
Two months
Hamburgb, One month 35 75
Twomonths ....
Dutch Papers, Sept. 8.
ttEI.OIAI4 I. UNDS—BRUSNICLi, SEPT. 8.
Actual Debt, 21,,,i per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent lOl
Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent VI
3 per Cent.

Thirty.seven•

• • At
1 'VON
Loan of City, l'-'32, 4 per( Cent l
O%
Society or Commerce, 44per Cent 93.74
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent...... ......
National Society.
Exchange on Londoit (shot t)
—Brussels Papers, Sept. 8.
HAMBURG BOIUENHALLE, SEPT. 7.

on
Austrian 5 per Cents.
Bank Shares lBOO 15!,5
Anglo.ltussian Loan 10.% 10;s4
Russian 5 per Cent. Ist series, Certificate
Inscription, Ist Senes IN 101%
Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co. 3d and 4th
Series 983 93
Ditto in Certificates
Fri
Dutch 4 per Cent. (1840) 86% Fri
Dutch .sctual Debt, 2y.i Ise, Cent........
Ditto 5 per Cent -
Polish Bonds
New ticket ... 159%
Anglo-Danish Loan, :3 per Cer, 75 75%
Notwegian Loan, 18.34, 4 per Cvat.... ..... ....., 11%.4 10:
Spantsh, New 5 per Cents....
EXCHANGE.`; ON LONDON.
HAMBURG, SEPT. 7.-13 8 t.i.—Two months, 13 4%
Srocknoi.si, AUG, 31.—Serctity.fire days, 19 U.
REer.in, SEPT, 4.—Three months, 6. 1814 Monty.
LJUPSIC. Skrrj3.—Two mo .ths, 6, 19.

ruussiAN FuNus.—. i3E-;LN,. SEPT. 4.

St. Schuld. Sch., 4tv per cent. 'lshii. Money
Ifni( iOll4
Prussian English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 101 101 h,
kxchange on London, three months 6IN
....Prussian State Gazette. Sept. 5 I

THE FIXED DUTY—ON CORN.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR—In one of your leading articles last night you
sa
any.„ in
nspeaking of the Corn Average being now 725.,
_ th. duty consequently being teemed to 2s. Bd., with
as prospect of a :Is. •duty next week, that you are glad
the landlords rpfusedto
entertain .Lord
ord John Russell's
proposal for an Ss. duty, as thereby the price of corn to
the consumer would now have been some 6s. or Bs. per
quarter more
taut' it
is.
... am quite sure it must have
been purely ad inadvertence, your not having borne in
mind that when Lord J. Russell made that motion (now
Some two months ago), corn averaged no more than 645.,
if so much, and, supposing it to have become law, there
Would not have been any rise from that price to the pre-
sent quotation of 725., which we all know is solely the
result of the operations on the Corn Market in managing
the sliding scale. Had the duty. been a fixed one, the
doubly-impelling motive for raising the price would
have been wanting, and at all events corn would not
have been dearer than it now is, and the entire difference
would have reached and benefited the Exchequer; hut I
4111 confident it would not have been so dear, as importa-
tions would all along have been taking place, and have
produced their natural result.
I have been led thus to trouble you from observing that
the Tory papers—always ready to catch at any straw on
this subjeet,—never let any oversight of this kind pass
Without attempting to turn it to account. Such a paper,
for instance, as the Morning Herald, is likely enough to
quote yod in all seriousness as giving, in fact, your testi-
m favour of the present iniquitous system. It is
Just worthy Of its character and capacity, and would be
Thcitilore than its patron and oracle, the Duke of Buck-
Inghtam,'really diesay, froM ignorance or impudence,:last
Year, at one of his ordinaries at the George. " See,"
said this sapient Lord, " how beneficently the law
Works ; now that corn is dear we have it from abroad at
,1M More than Is: 'duty ;" omitting to notice to his well-
Wormed, auditory that the difference between the ave-
rage price ;Ind that it was then fetching, at least 10s. to
'5B- per quarter, had been received into the landlords'
Pockets before the price reached the point which ruled
Pt' nelariottS result which, under the present
awi they can almost at any time bring about.
Your .obedient servant,
A FRIEND TO FREE TRADE.
[Our remark prou4issleittmi the supposition that prices
would rise to somewhere about their present level,: and
le are happy to insert our eorTeVondent's explanation.
t 'the same time we cannot 'bLlieve that the consumer
eliding duty: ate to be rejected. Let us add, that the al-
teration proposed by Lord John Russell could not have
augmented the supply of corn this year,lhough it would
save prevented the ambling with the averages. Not
0-
gmenting the supply, it could have had no influence
"4' the actual prices at which bread would be sold to the
; have
; and the duty of Bs. would, consequently,
will
increased the price beyond the price at which corn
will this year be sold. In another year, the fixed duty
ttlit.;ht have augmented the supply, and kept prices
down_ED. sun.]

" Come out of the mud, you dirty creature," as
the pig said to the duck.

THE ST. LEGER.
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)

A few dayss ago I gave you an " inkling" as to this
race, and the prophecies. I remain of the same
opinion as to the winner. Coronation is well, and;
with fair play, cannot lose, but I have changed
my mind as to the " second." Van llamburgh
is half suspected to be amiss, and the more so as Bill
Scott swears he is " all right." They are trying
to bring up Satirist. Ward your readers against him, for
how can he win unless two or three tumble down ?
About eight or nine will run. As to the prophecies,
Pegasus and Judex, the only writers whose predictions
are the result of observation, it is clear that, like
" Uncle Toby," and " A quiet and easy Observer," they
must have Coronation. Vates has been so wide of the
mark of late years, that it matters little what he tumbles
upon this time—but he is sure to have Coronation. The
Cup will be between Charles XII., Beeswing, and a
three years old, as neither Coronation nor Lanercost will
go for it.

THE STRONG GOVERNMENT.
(From the Non-Conformist.)
It is childish to conceal from ourselves the fact that,
in the ordinary sense of 'the term, the new Government
is a strong one. Its real and -effective • majority in the
Commons has already turned out a more numerous one
than previous calculations had rated it at. But we haVe
not even yet seen the ultimate amount of Tory gain.
Numbers of Whigs who hovered on the borders of the
two great parties, 'occupying a position which one knew
not well whether to characterise as Liberal or Conserva-
tive, will now, with no reluctance, support the man in
power. Attached by no love of principle to reform, and
attracted no longer by prospects of promotion to serve
under Whig colours, they will linger about a month or
two in apparent indecision, only to avail themselves of
the first favourable opportunity of changing sides. Sir
Robert's real majority may be estimated at something
above a hundred.

Equally silly would it be to deny that, in point of
talent, the present Ministry is far superior to the last.
There is a vitality in it—strong attachment to the prin-
ciples professed—earnestness—reality. The present Ca-
binet is not a hollow semblance, but a real, living thing.
It has definite objects in view, and it will pursue them.
This, even in the absence of higher and more command-
ing attributes, will give it a vast advantage over the out-
gone Administration. But there is more than this. Bu-
siness habits, power in debate, industry which can grap-
ple with and master details, and, above all, the prestige
of victory, will infuse into the present Government: a
strength which of late-years has not been displayed in
the conduct of public affairs. -
Nor must we 'leave out of our calculation the fact that
Conservatire measures • will perfectly coincide with the
class interests of • the Whig-aristocracy. Early enough
after the general election Lord John RuSsell pitched the
key-note of the Opposition, and true to his order took
care to pitch it sufficiently low. Already Messrs. Roe-
buck and Ward,• with all the minor Radicals of that
stamp, have struck a chord in unison with the Whig
leader. The. Conservatives have nothing to fear from
their opponents, and they know it. The party but last
week in office is broken up—its moral power is gone.
It has no hold upon the people—excites no hopes—enjoys
no confidenee. The contest, if such it can be called,
will for a timeday between a strong party and a weak
one—the country being wholly indifferent as to the im-
mediate result. The Whigs cannot again wield the ener-
gies of a determined people. They have no popular.
principles to•bring to bear against Toryism which they
did not, when in power, contemptuously trample under
foot. On all the prominent questions about which the
country cares their mouths are stopped by past incon-
sistencies. Numerically inferior as an Opposition to
that which they for years encountered, their moral weak-
ness is really pitiable.
Lastly, we :ere to take into account the accession to
the Government of the House of Lords. 'The immense
preponderance of Peers, who will be active suppor-
ters of Sir Robert Peel's Administration, will ensure the
easy passing of every measure which gains the assent of
the other House.

The question then occurs—ls the new Government
likely to prove a strong one ? In a party sense, the reply
is obviously, " Yes ;" in a higher and more general
sense, we answer without hesitation, " No." Against
the Whigs Sir Hobert is all but omnipotent—against the
country, he is all the weaker for his strength. There
is no paradox in this—the explanation need searcely be
obtruded upon the reader.
Matters have now come to this issue—aristocracy is
fairly pitted against democracy. The inquiry is not
" Who shall lead us?" but "Who shall live, the many
or the few?" Conservatism takes up is ground, and
beards a suffering people. The consequence may be
easily foreseen. The pending battle will not be fought
in the present House of Commons. That will be left to
its party encounters. Meanwhile some wide, searching,
and effectual plan of reform will ere long be struck out,
in which the middle and the industrious classes can unite
and shake hands. Organisation may be thenceforth
expected to spread with the rapidity of thought—the
neglected registries to be filled up—the call for the dis-
missal of the present Parliament to become loud, uni-
versal, irresistible—and a new House, camposed of men
in earnest, to proceed to the work of laying anew the
basis of our representation. Things will probably take
this course—or, if not, one which we dread to contem=
plate.

COUNTY COURTS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Stn—ln the new Bdl now pending in the House of
Lords for the establishing of County Courts, I perceive
that it is provided that the Lord Chancellor shall have
the power of removing any of the Judges of those
Courts for misbehaviour, "or for any sufficient cause
to be stated in a petition to be prepared to him
.for that pur-
pose by the Justices qf the County in general, or Quarter
Sessions assembled. • .

I will not trouble you with any remarks as to what
may be the most proper mode of removing such Judges
from office. Perhaps it would be right that they should
hold their offices dum bene se gesserint, as with the
Judges of the Superior Courts ; or, it may be satisfac-
tory to the country that they should be removable for
misconduct at the discretion of the Lord Chancellor of
the day. But I cannot help thinkinc, that that which is
now proposed has a very objectionable appearance. The
Commission of the Peace conveys great powers to Jus-
tices, and in that way they have, surely, quite influence
enough. To say that this new proposal, if adopted, will
make the Judges of the County Courts the creatures of
the Justices, may be too strong - but will it not tend to
make the former the slaves or dependents of the latter ?
If such Judges should deserve removal from the
Bench, can any one doubt that there is abundant means
of the Lord Chancellor's being informed of it, without
consulting the, opinion of the Magistrates of the county?
These Judges are not intended to be, or at least they
ought not to be, the servants or organs of the Justices
of the county. They are to administer justice among
the people ; and there is too much reason to believe
that a provision like this may actually work injustice to
the people, by stripping the Judge of that perfect inde-
pendence which he ought to maintain of all such beat
itVluences.
I trust, Sir, that in these new Courts of Law we shall
not have something in imitation of the "-Assistant Bar-
rister" in Ireland. If so, I fear it will not realise the
idea of " bringing justice home to every man's door,"
but that the jurisdiction proposed is likely to create a
great deal of dissatisfaction and suspicion of partiality
among suitors, especially in cases where the one party
belongs to the higher, and the other to the humbler
classes. The very name of the thing, that an adminis-
trator of justice to a county may be removed at the in-
stance of the Magistrates of that county, is calculated to
snake the justice dealt out anything but satisfactory to
the people. I am, Sir, youi• obedient servant,
Lincoln'A Inn, Sept. 10, 1841. A BARRISTER.

EXECUTION.—On Saturday last John and
,Tames Power, brothers, who had been convicted at the
last assizes of the murder of James Peters, underwent
the extreme penalty of the law in front of the county
gaol. By twelve o'clock an immense concourse of people
was congregated. At about a quarter past one the
wretched men were moved from the press-room towards
the scaffold, engaged in prayer. Shortly after, the
taller of 'them: (Jkines Power, we believe) walked out,
with a firni'steP'Otidt .sdmeW bat hurried pace, to the front
of the drop. Ilihiface. was rather flushed than otherwise,
and his resolution and strength of nerve were extraor-
dinary'. He addretSed the spectators with a strong and
distinct voice, and said—" I am now about to appear in
the. presence of my God ; and I solemnly declare that I
had neither hand, act, nor part in the murder for which
I am— going to die, nor in any other murder.
I forgive my prosecutors and every one who was
I ope you will
connectedz,. withh my prosecution, and hope God will for
gi
pray for me, and bee. of
God to grant a favourable judgment." The other 17ro-
ther then came out, also exhibiting very great resolution,
vavtliidtillalet
butyoiceti t,,e
A wanre
paonrctl plal laes. b
eleine
circulated
said,iat ed
jinn ath'e.e7o
one of us was guilty or the crime for which we are going
to die; but I can declare, in the presence of my God,
who will soon judge me, that I had neither hand, act, nor
part in that or
. any other murder. I knew nothing
whatever about 1
t until it was publicly k in '
, flown the
neig • hbourhood, and I was first told.of it by my sister.
persons who committed that murder are
Perhaps the d before me. I forgive my prosecutors
among the crow
from the bottom of my heart, and I die in peace with the
world; I hope ye will pray to God to have mercy on my
•
soul." After the executioner had performed his awful
,
hands, and continued to
they took each others
task,
shake them with a firm grasp until the fatal bolt was
withdrawn, when they were launched into eternity after
a few short convulsive struggles.—Tipperary
Con-
stitntion.
INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT.—This Court
will sit on Tuesday and Wednesday
next
to hear bail
•
cases. Two days have been found requisite in the short
for bail. On
space of a fortnight to hear applicationsand no fewer
Tuesday the Court will take country bail,
On the than 53 applications appear in the cause list.
making,
fol-
lowing day there are 52 town cases appointed,„ ~
-
with those heard ,a short time back, no less 2i...
than
appliCations in little more than a fortnight—showing,
certainly, no diminution of business since the passingof
the present Act. Cases will be heard on the 27th inst.,
and the days are full to the commencement of the second
adjournment' On the 'l4th October to the 39th of the same
month. Orders for hearing have already been issued for
December, and those prisoners who cannot obtain bail
have before them anything but a pleasing prospect for the
next three months.

Lorus Staiord, Carew, Acheson, 2nd Fingal!,
have signified their intention of taking part in the great
national demonstration to Lot(' Morpeth.—Limerick Re-
porter
An old man in the neighbourhood of South
Peterton, aged 85, on hearing of his son's misfortunes,
said he had already seen so much trouble that he did not
think he should live out half his days.

LITERATURE-

ENGYCLOPiEDIA BRITANNICA, Vol.. 21.
Mich, Edinburgh, 1841.
Among the articles of interest that are to be
found in the present Part of this valuable Mis-
cellany—by far the best of its kind in the lan-
guage, we may mention the essay on " Turkey,"
which is luminously and concisely penned, and
evinces a very considerable extent of reading.
The accounts of the tragic end of Sultan Selim ;
of the narrow escape of his successor, the late
Mahmoud; and, more particularly, of the last
insurrection of the Janissaries, a short time pre-
vious to their final overthrow ;—these details are
not only given with scrupulous accuracy, but
have the additional recommendation of ,pos-
sessing both liveliness and vigour of manner,
which are qualities rarely found in encyclopaedic
essays. The " United States" is another article
that exhibits diligent research, and, as may be
surmised from its title, embraces a wide range
of inquiry. The spirit that pervades this-essay,
is liberal and impartial.' We have been pleased
with the following remnrks, suggested by the
Republican institutions of America :—" Popular
election, however, if it lead to faction and dis-
order, never thils to ensure an able Government,
as the hereditary principle is as certainly a source
of weakness. When the people have a free
choice, they will always prefer merit to demerit ;
capacity fbr service becomes in this manner
a passport to honour and distinction, and abi-
lity is secured for the business of the State. In
America the experiment of a republic has suc-
ceeded. The great political principle of popular
election has been found to be compatible with all
the great ends of Government." In the treatise
on Voltaic Electricity" there are many curious
matters of infbrmation, which will be interesting
even to those readers who may not happen to be
scientific, for they are detailed in the simplest
and plainest language, and without the slightest
parade of superior knowledge. The Memoir of
the " Duke of Wharton," though brief, says all
that need be said on the subject.• His Grace
would have been forgotten long ago, had it not
been for Pope's famous character of him in the
Satires, wherein lie still lives—a fly enshrined in
amber ! He was an eccentric, dissipated noble-
men, who obtained a reputation for far greater
abilities than he possessed; and whom Miss Jane
Porter, in. her tale of the "Pastor's Fire-side,"
has converted into quite a Quixotte of romantic
generosity. After a hectic, chequered
.career,
during which he had many enemies arid not one
friend, the Duke died in the year 1731, at a
miserable village in Catalonia, worn out with dis-
ease, and destitute of almost the commonest ne-
cessaries of life. By way of extract from the
present Part, we quote the following '"Notice to
Subscribers," which will give a clearer idea of
the work than any analysis of our own :
In issuing the twenty-first volume of the Encyclopcedia
Britannica, which completes the work, with the excep-
tion of the Index and Preface, the publishers have finished
the main part of their task ; and they flatter themselves
that they have discharged to the satisfaction of the sub-
scribers the engagement entered into at the commence-
ment of the undertaking.
The successive parts of the first nineteen volumes
issued from the press with a punctuality unexampled in
similar publications; and when interruption did occur,
which was chiefly in the last two volumes, it was occa-
sioned by the anxiety of the editor to procure important
contributions, some of which it was impossible to get out
of the hands of the writers in the stipulated time. Had
the editor been content with a superficial correction of
the old articles, a more rapid rate of publication might
easily have been attained, while a large amount of ex-
penditure would by the same means have been saved to
the proprietors. It was found, however, that in order
to maintain the pre-eminent reputation of the work, cor-
rections and new articles would be required to a much
greater extent than was originally contemplated; and to
obtain these from the hands of their respective contribu-
tors in due time for publication, demanded no small
exertion on the part both of editor and proprietors. In
consequence of the very extensive alterations and addi-
tions thus introduced, the expense of publishing the
seventh edition has greatly exceeded the original esti-
mate; but the publishers are happy to acknowledge that
this excess has to a great extent been compensated by a
corresponding increase in the sale of the book.
The proprietors are satisfied that it cannot with jus-
tice be alleged that the later portions of the publication
are in any degree inferior to the early parts, on the ap •
pearance of which the original subscriptions were ob-
tained; on the contrary, they flatter themselves that
those subscribers who have watched the progress of the
work, will acknowledge that the performance has sur-
passed the promise of the original prospectus. After
the publication of the„secopd volume, the size of the
page was enlarged; and after the appearance of the ninth,
it was still farther enlarged; while to the present volume
there have been added no fewer than 227 pages.
At the commencement of the work, the geographical
articles were illustrated by quarto maps, the intention
of the publishers being to limit them to the number
usually given in sin ilar works. These maps, however,
they afterwards cancelled, and substituted a new series
of a folio size, adding also to their number, so as to form
a complete atlas. The number of wood-cuts and of plates
was also greatly increased; and, iii short, as the work
advanced, the publishers were encouraged to devote in-
creasing attention to every department of the publica-
tion, and to spare no expense in order that, the seventh
edition of the Encythpadia Britannica might maintain
the pre-eminence which it has always held among works
in this class of literature.

The Index, which is intended to form part of the first
volume, wilPbe a most valuable accessory to the Ency-
tbpcedia. It will furnish a ready reference to many sub-
jects noticed in its pages, although not entered under dis-
tinct alphabetical heads; and the variety of information
on particular points scattered throughout the general
treatises and other articles will in the Index be indicated
under one head, so that the reader who is seeking infor-
mation on any subject will have the whole resources of
the Encyclopadia, so far as that subject is concerned, at
once laid open to him.
It was obviously impossible to commence the compi-
lation of the Index till the whole of the text was printed.
The publishers, however, have the satisfaction to state
that it is now at press, and is expected to be finished in
about two months, when it will be delivered along with
the preface and title-pages.
Edinburgh, Ist September, 1841.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW No. 24

Taylor, London, 1841. .
We have so often spoken of Mr. Carlyle's
peculiarities as a writer, that we deem it super-
fluous on the present occasion, to do more than
just glance at the notice of his " Chartism,"
which forms the subject of the first paper in this
number. The notice is by no means deficient in
intelligence; but instead of restricting himself to
a consideration of the work in question, the Re-
viewer discusses almost every one of Mr. Car-
lyle's productions, with the exception of this one !
He gives us a very fair and impartial idea of the
peculiarities of the " French Revolution," and
that strange farrago ''Sartos Resartus;" but of
" Chartism" he tells us little more than that it
is " by no means exempt from the faults of
sameness and mannerism." In the justice of his
tempered stricture on Mr. Carlyle's frequent ec-
centricities.of style, we cordially agree, and are
disposed also to concede to the fact that he is
the most subtle and vigorous thinker of the day.
The review of " Millman's History of Chris-
tianity" is evidently the production of
a scholar, and a ripe one. The following
tribute to the merits of this able history is
honourable alike to author and critic
in his general freedom from professional pre-
judices, Mr.Millman is honourably distinguished
from nearly every Church-historian in our lan-
guage; and his candour or his scepticism arises
from research and reason, not from the love of
innovation, or from indifference to results. So
far as his labours embrace controverted points,
they have been made public in an ungenial sea-
son; but we trust the comparative coldness of its
-reception will not induce Mr. Millman to leave
his work imperfect." In the article on "Dutch
'Colonies and Colonial Policy," we find some in-
teresting particulars respecting the rise and-pro-
gress of the commercial relations of Holland with
Java and some of the adjacent islands. In the
course of this article the RevielVer makes several
pertinent reflections on the great free-trade ques-
tion, and observes :--" the present year is one of
the most momentous for our commercial and
national interests that we have yet seen.
All the great questions are afloat. Ger-
many, France, Austria, Holland, and last,
not least, our own colonies, give us a
pretext and an opportunity that may not- soon
recur, for reviewing our relations with them, and
placing them upon a healthy footing. Once
more, therefore, we call upon those to whom the
tdehem
national i
aem:feehnrsoeefisit.reeisnirtiornnugssti.
with pause.
theytuspei:ni alcanuid.rs. cuoptoseitt:
which the power, nay, the existence, of this
ogi
afr.lesa,as
,tahntridel
ewf(RanvioNulie.reelavdseornj nation rest." In the course
essayand
forciblyon h e
remarks
mCaorrkns-
dilinioselcie.oiushrinasgot•oetry
discouragement ne
exception
eto e
tnilopnreoitero: -eetodmibnii
diminished
ssl
general
rnbeaiddtl
reasoned
dstl3
wil
of monopoly shows that
11:
actsaatt
tthhaees f
aam
.•
rule, for that it tends to make him rest contented
cultivationwif
qfultt tht
is ctaillrlietaiatpsyl, oovufenptdi
rle3or7dstt3ll:l eet ecm.lonnAosi
qu
compensated by an increased price.

ACTION OF 7'HE CORN-LAWS, AND OF
OTHER PROVISION-LAWS, 6,c.

London, Saunders and Ottley.
The number of pamphlets on the Corn-laws
quite equals the number of articles on' the same
subject in the newspapers, and they are endless.
The author of the present work points out the
folly and discrepancy of endeavouring both to
stimulate the growth of corn, and of endeavour-
ing, at the same time, to encourage the cultiva-
tion of grass land, which is done by many