The Sun.
London, England, 1840-12-07 00:00:00

T E LONOON, MONfliAlr, DECEMBER 7, 1840.

CHANCERY COURT-(THIS DAY.)

LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.)

ORD V. LYONS.

Mr. K. ErtrcE's reply in this case—the arguments in
which have already tbl:Ln up three eay3—cccupied the
whole morning.
The LCRD CHANCELLOR po3tl.onei giving judgment.

,
LONDON, DEc. this day at nOOO, moderate
breeze from the scuthlvarti, ;old fine.
DEAL, DEc. s.—Wind N. W., moderate. 6.ll.—Wind
E.—Arrived the Urania; Metcalf from Sierra Leone.
Sailed . the Chriitina, Blair, for s, dnev, New South
Wales; Fortitude, Hutton, Port Philip ; Persia, Stevens.,
Ceylon ; Chieftain, Pattisou, Madras ; Corcyra, Cort-
land, Cape Palmas ; Anne, Burgess, Tobago ; Charles,
Dallen, ditto ; Buckinghamshire, Moore, Bombay.
LIVERPOOL, DEC. 6.—Wind S., light.—Arrived the
Frankfield, Mitchell, from New Oilcan-; Victoria, Bahia ;
Irish Lass, GrardySavanilla ; Congress, Mat shall,
Charleston ; Algonquin, Turley, PhilatitAithia; Franklin,
New Orleans ; Bombay packet, Bonny—sailed September
12th, and Fernando Po 19th. Sailed the Judith, Harvey,
for Arica, &c. ; Cambria, Robert;on, Calcutta ; Hope,
Robert, Rio Janeiro ; Traveller, Armstrong, Pernam-
buco ; Curryman, Longford, Demerara ; Laurel, M' Bride,
Savannah ; Frances, Browne, and Hodder-field, Jones,
Africa ; Jelin Dugdale, Milibard, Singapore ; William
Sharpies, Jones, Bombajt. ; Irt, Ludlow, Bahia ; Rose-
anna, Read, Rio Jaitetrt,. ; Ann Ilail, Tucker, Mobile ;
Coek,rmouth Ca-tie, Bell, Jamaica ; Sarah, Cousens,'
Savann..ll; Maddison, Wood, Virginia ; Sterling, Cooper,
Charleston; Robert Fulton, Bros son, New York. Off
port, tile Jupiter, from Charleston.
BRISTOL, DEC. s.—Arrived Harvey, Simpson, from
Quebec; Stanza, Da la Gallo, Fayal.
SwANsEA, DEC. 4.—Arrived Alexander Harvey, Alex-
ander, from Cuba.
MILFORD, DEc 5.—A boat marked outside " S M
Ann, of Newport," and inside, " Williams, Master," win;
washed on shore yesterday in Freshwater Bay.
FALMOUTH, DEC 4 and s.—Wind variable.—Arrived
Tagus steamer, M.Leod, Gibraltar ; sailed 26th ult. Off
port, Hercules, Renal's, Quebec; Howard, Bartlett, Nit-
ratnichi ; Java, Duthill, Batavia ; Victoria, Denia; Belle
Alliance, Doxford, Calcutta, Off port, Sampson, Stur-
gis, New York.
YARMOUTH, ISLE C F WIGHT, DEC. 4._A quantity of
wreck, apparently a spar, yards, sails, &c. was passed un
the 21 instant off the Eddystone, by the Confidence,
arrived at Southampton.
PLY NIOUTII, DEC. 6, —Wind N. N. W,—The Henrique.
Savarusa, which put into this port leaky, and was laid on
shore, is so much strained that the fills with the tide ;
cargo discharged.
DUMFRIES, DEc. s.—The Vernon, from Liverpool to
Glasgow., which was on shore, has been got off without
much damage after discharging, and gone to Carscthorn

to re-load. - - -
CLYDE, DEC. 4.—Arrived the Terranova, Denniston,
from Newfoundland; James Lyon, Hamilton, ditto ;
Clutha, Colman, Quebec. Sailed the Maria, Miller,
fur Hobart Town ; Amphitrite, Kerr, Calcutta ; S.2ve;n
Lass, Wright, Honduras.
KINGSTOWN, DEC. s.—Arrived the Camerton,
Shield ,
from Demerara.
LIMERICK, DEC. 4.—Arrived the John and Mary,
Wright, from Quebec.
CORK, Drc. 4. —Off port, the Henry Clay, Schriver,
from New Orleans ; Pavisborough, Ilsthorington, Mar.
tinique.
GALWAY, Dec. 3.—Arrived the Midas, Moore, Quebec
ILFKAcomBE, DEC. s.—Parts of a wreck, tictli as masts,
yards, sails, &c., have washed on shore on the westerr
point of Sandy Island.

rr.i tee entertain sentiments of most sincere gratitude ICHARTISM, ANI) THE WORKING
to God far his kindness in the hte abundant harvest. CLASSES.
atd ;ra willing at all times to co-operate with Christian,
of every denomination for the promotion of this or any
ether good object, they cannot agree with the dictum
of the Established Church Presbytery of Edinburgh in
appointing the whole of the 15th instant to be observed
es a day of thankseiving, on. the following grounds :
Because several Dissenting congregations have already
given thanks on a Sabbath appointed by them for that
purpose, white, to God, who " lives mercy rather than
sacrifice," must be equally acceptable. Because the
Established Church might have followed the example of
their Dissenting brethren, and thus spared the industrious
classes a sacrifice which they are little able to make in
the present depressed state of trade and high price of pro-
vision;—and because the members of the Established
Church, forming but a minority of the church-going pipu-
Idtion of the city, have no right exclusively to pass any
ecclesiastical enactment affecting the whole of the inha-
bitaats, and therefore the Committee can regard the adop-
tion, at their late meeting, of the following resolution, as
reported in the Newspapers, as nothing has than an insult
to Disaeutera :--` That the whole of the 15th December
shOuld Ira set apart as a day of thanksgiving for the late
abundant harvest, and that the different religious bodies in
Edinburgh and the authoriti►s should be invited to join
with them on this occasion—and that the invitation should
be given by a public intimation of the fact, without corn.
municating personally with any of the Dissenting bodies.'
The Committee, theta fore, earnestly recommend their

(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)

We have recently adverted in the The Sun to

the fact, that, notwithstanding the present apparent
lull of popular commotion, Chartism is actually
advanc;ng instead of retrograding, and this espe-
cially among the industrious classes of the commu-
nity. The intrinsic state of these classes, and

Dis,enting brethren to follow their usual employment on
the day referred to, without payieg any attention to the fiat
of the state Church."—Edinburgh, Dec. 4,1840.

MAP OF CHINA.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR—Please to send two copies of " The China
Sun," having the Map. The chart of Canton River,
.is surveyed by the late Captain Huddart, of the Hon.
Co.'s Service and afterwards of the Trinity House,
would form a most desirable companion to your Map of
China.
The writer of this, when many years ago in Canton,
in conversation with a Chinese merchant, was told by
him that, as a mark of their subjugation by the Tartars,
who were horsemen, they were obliged to have the cuffs
of their exterior garment cut in the form of a horse's
hoof ; and to confirm his assertion, he pulled down one
of his cuffs, put his closed hand on the table, and,
standing up, showed it really was so.
With this feeling of degradation, had the Chinese a
knowledge of the British Constitution, they would no
doubt- he.glad of an opportunity to throw of the Tartar
dynasty.
Edinburgh, Dec. 4, 1840. V.

their relative position to the other departments of
the population, are egregiously misunderstood by
our statesmen, although in our opinion, they ate
ominously important, and indicative of inevitable
organic changes in the political institutions of the
empire. We shall state a few of the most im-
portant facts upon this subject, which amply sus-
tain the preceding representation.
The first fact is, the rrogres6ive self-separation
of the operative classes from the other classes cf
the county. We do not now inquire into the
causes of this separation ; it has, however, been in
process for many years, and it is now too palpable
and too portentous to be denied. From the
aristocracy this separation is complete ; and from
he middle classes, we regret to say, it has been ra-
pidly increasing ; so that now a preponderating pro-
portion of our more influential and intelligent working
men, zealously maintain that ',using Lard Brougham's
new word) the " capitalocracy," the millocracy,
and the shopocracy, are virtually combined, not
only to exclude them from the elective franchise,
but also to crush the rights of popular industry,
which they affirm to be founded upon this princi-
ple—the labourer has a right to receive an adequate
remuneration for his toil, before the landowner,
whose soil he cultivates, or the master, whose goods
he manufactures, is entitled to receive rent or profit.
The second fact we mention is, that this self se-
paration of the working classes is connected with
growing union among themselves, from the north to
the south, from the east to the west, through every
province, and to every extremity of the land. Hi-
therto, it is true, that every attempt to induce all
the operative classes in the empire to enter into or-
ganised and active union, has failed ; but for this
there have been twa reasons—first, the operativet
themselves have not been prepared for such a union ;
and, in the next place, the projects which have
been promulgated, and the associations which have
been formed, have drawn the bonds of union too
tight for them long to be preserved from snapping
asunder. Silently, however, but certainly, our
readers may be assured, a mighty revolution
is proceeding ; and when at some future
period the popular voice speaks forth, its
demands will simultaneously resound from the
Clyde to the Thames, and from the Irish Sea to
the German Ocean. This is no exaggeration of
unfounded alarm, it is an accurate description of
the necessary results of the influences which are
now working with accumulating force, and which
are all tending to the same ultimate and speedy

,aws.

consum►nat!on.
The third fact to which we refer is, the rapi
advance of the operative classes in moral and inte'
lectual dignity and power. The two great curses
of these classes have hitherto been ignorance and
intemperance. Their ignorance is disappearing be-
fore the diffusion of knowledge—but let our readers
remember that it is knowledge adapted to their cir-
cumstances, and that it is diffused in a manner sig-
nally calculated to subserve the sepa►ation in the
first instance, and the union in the second, of which
we have been writing, The publications which
are circulated among them are not merely the vehi-
cles of knowledge, but of knowledge combined with
those peculiar views and prin cip`es they cherish
so that while they become enlightened, their yell
intelligence is subordinated to the dissemina•
tion of their popular principles, and the ac
complishment of their ulterior objects. Ani
with respect to their intemperance, although
this is au evil which deplorably prevails, we are
convinced that it is rapidly diminishing. Not only
have many thousands of working men formed them-
selves into Teetotal Societies, but even. the Chartist
leaders, to promote the political interests of the
operatives, are among the most strenuous and
eloquent advocates of total abstinence principles.
The change which has taken place among them,
both as to knowledge and temperance, is wonderful,
and must be incredible to those who are not per-
sonally aware of its extent. One demonstration of
their advance in intelligence is, that though tens of
thousands of them are now unemployed, the apveal
to physical, and not moral force, is generally depre-
cated, and their motto now almost universally is,
Argument and not arms."
Other facts of similar character and equal im-
portance we have in reserve, which we may perhaps
adduce at a future period.
If the question be proposed, what causes are to
be assigned for this inauspicious state of things ?
we are at r.o loss for an answer to the inquiry.
First and foremost we place the infatuation which
enacted, and has perpetuated, the iniquitous Corn-

Next, the unequal distribution of the elective

franchise.
Then, the irritating negligence with which popu-
lar appeals have been so often treated by the Le-
gislature, who have " made the promise to the ear,
but broke it to the heart."
We must not forget, also, the profligate Govern-
ment expenditure, which has been instigated and
sustained by selfish aristocratical influence—and
the consequent enormous burden of taxation, which
has been so unequally imposed, that its produce
has been mainly extracted from the very life-blood
of the industrious poor.
The last cause we can now mention is, the grasp-
, ing avarice, the flagrant abuses, the would-be
tyranny of a State Church, the richest, and one of
the most corrupt on the surface of the earth.
Well would it have been for this country, had its
rulers fifty years ago, instead of engaging in ruin-
ous and sanguinary wars, remembered, in the lan-
guage of an excellent author, that our national se-
curity mainly depends on the improvement of the
mass of the people, in the neglect of which the
politeness, the refinement, and the wealth accumu-
lated by the higher orders, weak and unprotected,
will be exposed to imminent danger, and perish like
a geland, in the grasp of popular fury. For, if
there be any truth i❑ the figure by which society is
compared to a pyramid, it is on the people that its
stability principally depends ; the elaborate orna-
ment at the summit, will be a wretched compensa-
tion for the want of solidity in the lower parts of
the structure.

CAnLow ELECTION.—CoIoneI Bruen has
been returned for Carlow by a majority of 161. Mr. Pon-
sonby resigned on
Friday. This defeat is acribed to dif-
p educed by an error of the Liberals, who were pacific
ferent causes. The Dublin 1.-'vening Post says it was
andr moderate, while the Bruenites breathed nothing but
vengeance and extermination. The Repeal Papers, on
ti.e other hand, contend that a Repealer ought to have
been put up.
THE DERBY AND OAKS. --
Bell's Life in
London of Sunday next, Dec. 13, will contain a full and
accurate list of all the nominations for these stakes, with
the names of the horses in training the names of their
tiainers—the number of races won or lost by each—and a
variety of other information highly interesting to all per-
sons connected with the turf..,...'] he price of Bell's Life in
London, fivpence. The " Gallery of Comicalities," No.
VIII., is published, and may be had separately, for three-
pence ; or the whole eight, being a matchless oollection of
graphic and literary humour, for two shillings.
at the Office of Bcll's Life in London, 170, Strand.
The India Mail is hourly expected at Dover,
The " Britannia" and Wellington" steam-pacicet33W,it
To be had
are engaded to transort it across the chaitnFi. bare
lying off'Boulogne harbour fur the
Dover
' PiNific(c. last two clays.