The Sun.
London, England, 1823-10-23 00:00:00

DOMESDAY BOOK.

The Royal. Commissioners o( Public Records,
in their exceedingly interesting " Dissertations,',
prefacing Domesday Book, mention, in speaking
of the Origin and object of that extraordinary
work, that " Ingulphus affirms this survey to
tave been made in imitation of the policy of Al-
fred, who, at the time he divided the kingdom
iuto comities, &C., had en Inquisition taken and
;. -digested into a register, which was culled, from
. the, place in which it was reposited, the Roll of
lruiSdiester." The Royal Commissioners here-
.upez,i remark, that " the formation of such a stir-
vey, however, in the time of Alfred, may be
fairly doubted, as we have only a solitary au.
thority for its existence, and the most diligent in-
veStigation has not been able to recover among
the, Records either of the Saxon or of later times,
the slightest indication that such a survey was
ever known. 'lied it existed in the century
mediately preceding the Norman Conquest, it
would have prevented the necessity of giving
these, minute descriptions, of. land, so common
among the later of the Saxon Charters. The se,..
Iteration of counties, also, is known to have been
a division, long anterior to the time of Alfred."—
Co. L. 168, a. '2, Inst. 7F.
And yet, observe the Commissioners, in a note
to their dissertations, Carte, in, the General His-
tory- of England, vol. 1, p. 314, "appears to have
the,same notion of Alfred's Dom. hoc. Edward
the elder, says he (the son and immediate suc-
cessor of Alfred), in his preface to, his laws, en-
joins all his Reeves and Ministers,' who had any
'charge in the State, to judge equitably, accord-
in; to the directions of that book, to which they
were to adhere strictly in all eases. In the page
immediately following, there is a sentence less in-
telligible. Carte laments ' that the Dom. hook
of Alfred, so much respected in Westminster
the time of Edward IV. bath- been since
lostP "
Sir Martin Wright supposes that.as the general
homage and fealty. to William I. was done about
the time that Domesday Book was finished, and
not before the survey was taken, in order to dis-
cover the quantity of every man's fee, and to fix
his homage; because anciently the name and
quantity of the fee, &c. was specified in the
homage. And this probably, he adds, is the
reason why almost all the historians of those
times join the account of this survey and of the
homage done about that time together, in such a
manner that we must needs think they took them
'to have immediate relation one to the other. On
the other hand, remark the Records' Commis,
s.ioners, Lord Coke, the J-idges of Ireland, in
the case of tenures, Mr. Seidel', Nathaniel
Bacon, and others, were of opinion that tenures
were not brought into England by the Con-
queror, hut that they were common among time
Saxons ; and the internist evidence of Domesday
4tsulf hears no reference, whatever to any sheet.
sermons surrender of former tenures, and re-
grant of the same as' feudal.' •
As to the mode of executing William I.'S sur-
vey, certain Commissioners, called the King's
justiciorips, wore appointed. Those for the mid.
littid comities at least, if not fur all the districts,
were—Remigius, Bishop of Lincoln ; Welter
'C iffard, Earl of Buckitigharn ; Henry de hearers,
mid Adam the brother of ludo Dapifer, who
probably associated to them some principal per-
two in each This we learn from the fol.
lowing curious document in the Register of St.
Mary, Worcester, usually called lieming's Char.
talariv, Preserved among the Cottonian Manu-
scripts in the British Museum. Tib. A. XIII.—
" ludicuiauo Liherialis de Ossaldeslatoes Hun.
-tired pat a gat) nuireacestre sacramonto iuris
imrandi firmata eat, Willchno senoire regnante."
Hearne', in his edition of lieming's Chartulary,
printed in 1723, p. 291, gives the List of Jurors
'for the Hundred of aswaideslaw, in Worcester-
shire. The leaf of the original which should
contain this, is gone, and was probably in 1731,
•L the time the Manuscript itself suffered sec

inaterial injury in the tiro of the Cotton Library.
The ‘vriter of the Saxon Chronicle, with sonic
degree of asperity, informs us, that not a hyde,

or yurdhindi not an ox, cow, or hog, did the cen-
ko4 omit. It should seem, honever, (continue
the Commissioners), that the Jurors in numerous
instances, framed returns of a more extensive na-
ture than was absolutely required by the King's
Precept; and it is, perhaps, on this account that
we have different kinds of descriptions ht

rvnt counties, In so►ne counties, when the Ex.
chequer Domesday WAS excerpted from the Rolls,
the irrelevant matter ‘V:18 bIEACIC out ; while in

others it was probably retained. Ti►e words

also of the rolls were, for the most part given it

full, Or but partially contracted ; while in thu
transcribed lurvey an abundance uC miuuto con.

.tructions were usod as if with the intention of
tompreoing tho whole into the form most convw.
Went for th purpose of a Court of Law. That
there was no oppression, however, in the valna-
tion, even when owners of land refusod to make

their own return,' is evident front mono than one

entry.

.very.. large portion of the forged Saxon
Cheaters, which at this day exist, are to be ro-
(erred (obberve the•"• Dissertations") to the period
of the DooresdaY'survey. -They were fabricated

by. the. Monks, in the anxiety to make the titles

40.thvir property good who; the Norman Cern.
inissioners came among them. Some of them had
eve) forged seals, in appendage of Norman origin,

, .
jolt-winced Icy Edward the Confessor. The seals
Troth or Edward the Confessor and William, are

frequently noticed in the survey.' Once we Wive it
cotillion or theisesa of Odo, Bishop of Linioax,

the Flarl of Kent ; unquestionably the earliest

specimen in England of a Baronial seal. An

4rograving of it will be found in the first volume of
OP 66 A rcheologii7 of the Society of Antiquaries.
Ode is reitresentod_on- one- fide, iv an Earl, in

armour, can horsebick.

Iftbourll of
,these

wonunfifisioners themare excellent engravings of

the royal seals of Ed warcl).William) &c.) insides
their signatures)

Mr. OWEN and the CHURCH. ofSCOMAND.

LETTER FIRST.
TO THE EDITOR or THE GLASGOW CHRONICLE.

Sra,—The time is nt length arriietl when the
old and the new system of society must be brought into fair
and open comparison and competition,
The advocates of the new syetem intended. that the beneficial
effects of its practice should mike way for an impartial invest!.
gation of its principles ; and that the evident advantages of the
former, and the truth of the latter, should induce the world,
gradually and quietly, to relinquish the errors and miseries of
old society.
Some of the Scottish Clergy, however, have felt so much
alarmed at the success of this mode of proceeding, that they
have gone out of their usual course to attack both the principles
and practice of the New System, before they were acquainted
with either. And they have induced the General Assembly of
Scotland to sanction their measures, and to take part with them
in this novel and important contest.
The Church of Scotland has thus thrown down the gauntlet;
and wishing, for the happiness of my fellow creatures, to bring
this matter to a speedy decision, I willingly take it up.
But not in the spirit of the Old World. I take it up, that
we may enter into a friendly competition, to discover what is
true and beneficial for our common natpre.
Let us, then, at once dismiss all inftilax considerations. Let
411 persovaiities cease. Let us not even contend for victory, but
let our sole object be to discover that which will impart the
greatest benefit to our species.
It is in this spirit and with this object that I now take up the
gauntlet, which the. Church of Scotland, in its official capacity,
bra thrown down ; fbrahey compel inc thus to enter the lists,
or to relinquish a cause on which, as it appears to me, the fu-
ture improvement and happiness of the world depend.
The public, or the aggregate of the human mind, and not
any class, sect, or party, must now become the judge between
us, and decide whether the principles of the old or those of the
proposed New. System of Society„be in accordance with existing
facts ; and whether the practice Whijii has necessarily proceed.
ed from the old principles, or that which will as necessarily
emanate from the new, be calculated to produce the greatest
amount of virtue anti happiness among mankind.
My conviction is, that all the notions on which Society has
hitherto been formed are erroneous; that, as soon as they can
be examined without early imbibed prepossessions, they will
be discovered to be unsupported by one established fact; and
that the practice which necessarily follows from a belief in such
notions, cannot fail to overwhelm the world with the poverty,
vice and misery with which the human race until this day have
been afflicted.
It is also a vivid impression on my mind, • which of myself
I have no is-leans of obliterating, that the principles on which
the New System of Society is founded, are in strict accordance
with all known facts; and that the practices.which must neces-
sarily succeed a fair and open development of these principles,
will produce throughout the world a degree of good temper, in-
telligence, abundance, virtue and happiness, of which those who
have been trained in the old prejudices and habits, have, with-
in themselves, or depending upon their own will, no means of
forming any just estimate. New knowledge on these subjects
must be presented to them before their principles or their prac-
tices can be changed.
Such are the impressions which great reading, much study,
and an extensive experience among men of all classes and con-
ditions have made on my mind.
The new system is, in fact, the result of a science ; a know-
ledge of which, by a little attention, all men may be made
easily to acquire.
A science means the laws of nature respecting a particular
*abject, and that which we are now to explain may be called,
" the science of human happiness."
All will admit that this science has not yet been discovered.
And it must remain hidden from the world, until the forma-
tion of the human character shall he understood, and the errors
of the last 6000 years shall be made manifest.
Happiness cannot be enjoyed by a few. All must he happy
betbre one human being can be perfectly so. I doubt indeed
whether any being can be happy, while he is conscious that an-
other exists in misery.
I now propose, first, 'to develop(' the principles on which the
new system, or the science of human. happiness is founded.
Secondly, to prove that it is vain and hopeless to expect intelli-
gence or happiness from any of the known Systems of the
world. Thirdly, to demonstrate that the new system is the
only one .by which the great objects of human life can by at,
tainted ; and, fourthly, to state what means have been adopted
to induce society to examine the proposed arrangements, and
to explain what is intended to he dune, to enable all classes of
pertions, and all nation., to understand in what manner the
change may be effected without loss, disadvantage, or iuconve-
'ance to a single individual.
The science has been derived from au attentive examination
of the laws of nature and it is founded solely on those laws.
The first of which is ta-e •
That human nature, like each distinct species of animal na-
ture, is :slava composed of the same general propensities, fa-
culties, and qualities ; but that these differ, in degree and coin-
binntion, in every individual of the human race.
2tl, That each human being comes into the world a passive
compound, and, in some respects, unlike every other individual
of his species.
3, That of himself, he knor not how or why he came into
the world, or tiny thing of the Power which gave him existence.
4th, That human beings have no controul whatever in treat.
ing the ditilerence which constitutes individual character of
birth.

lith, That without any choice of their own, they come into
the world, either in Europe, Asia, Africa, or America; and in
some particular country and district of that country, within
these divisions.
6th, That the circumstances existing in the class, sect, die.
tract and country in which the human being is born and lives,
essentially contribute to give him his language, manners,
habits, dispositions, ideas, sentiments, religion, feelings, and
I conduct.
7th, That the impressions necessarily made by these circum-
stances on the original compound of propensities, faculties, and
qualities, given to each individual at birth, do, in fact, and
without a single exception, form the whole character of every
human being through every moment of his existence.
11th, That the will of every lituran being is itself solely formed
by the combined influence of all those
Oth, That even the will of man, although thus formed, has
no controul over his beliefor opinions. He must think and he.
Hove, in the first place, according to the impressions which CX.
ternal eircutnstances have made on his individual nature ; and
afterwards, he must continue so to think and believe, or, his
thoughts and belief must change, in obedience to subsequent,
impressions, or according to the reflections which he shall be
.enabled to make, by comparing together the previous impres-
aiont which external circumstances bad made on his mental
faculties.

lUth Thst. the affections and feelings do not depend upon
the will of man, but are necessarily produced by the imprerstons
made by external objects on the particular constitution of each
individual: and conduct is thecombined result of feelings and
opinions.
11th, That each human being is formed with a desire for'
happiness;, end that he retains that desire through life.
12th, 'That no human being can he truly happy while h• is
conscious that another exists in misery.

In these laws of human thttiire there Is no exception. Every
human being that has yet been born has been equally sub.
jetted to them; and every one that shall come into existence
will be equally governed by them.
Experience now proves that man, like all living existences,
aim never be virtuous or happy while he shall be constrained
to think and act in opposition to his nature, or while he shall
be taught to think that he can devise better laws than those of
nature.

Hitherto mew have been taught to think and act in opposi-
tion to their nature, and thus, and thus only, have sin and misery
been introduced into the world.
When the preceding laws of nature, telativa to the human
race, shell be understood., universally acknowledged, and
taught to the rising generation, man will necessarily become
virtuous and happy.
ile will thee know, that as hedid not make himself, physi-
cally, mentally or morally, nor create the difference between
him and soy of his fellows, it will be irrational to think of him-
self more highly than any other human being : pride and va-
nity will therefore net exist.
tie will know that no two human beings are born alike ;
that all eonie into the world passive Compounds, and derive
their character from the local circumstances In which they
live, acting upon the peculiar, original compound of each indi-
vidual ; will therefore never be surprised or displeased be-
cause others differ from him in colour, language, dispositions,
habits, ideas, sentiments, religion, feelings, or conduct. The
true causeof these differences will he always present to his un-
derstanding ; and it will appear to him to be irrational to be
angry, in any degree, with any individual, even with him who I
shall have been made the most to differ from him in all these
respects.
lie will know that the will of man has not power to form or
alter his opinions; consequently the variety of notions enter..
tamed by the human race will not excite his surprise. lie will
feel it to be irrational to attribute merit or demerit to WM-
dual's, or to nations, for entertaining some notions in preference
to others; and-still more irrational to be angry or displeased in
any decree with them for expressing any notion, however ere
tOtitiOlit. which they have been taught to believe true.
Knowing also that the affections are the result of the iMpres-
alone-produced by external objects, acting irresistably on each

individual, he will be ennaciona that it is irrationel to be angry,
or in any degree to be displeased with those who dislike or even
hate him, unless both had been trained in error. For, when the
laws respecting human nature, which have been explained,
.shall be so well known as to produce their natural effects In
practice, all human being►s will be so trained from infancy that
no individual of the species will have the power to feel towards
them either hatred or dislike.

On the contrary, when these laws of our common nature
shall he generally acted upon, each human being shall he so
well and naturally formed -arid trained physically, morally,
and mentally, that he will produce in others, although in dif-
ferent degrees, feelings of love and affection only.
And, in this manner, anger and displeasure, hatred, revenge,
jealousy, and every inferior and hostile feeling, will terminate
for ever, and love and charity
,for the human race become uni-
versal.

In my next I will demonstrate that all the known systems of
the world are inefficient to produce these great results; and
that the new system alone can ever obtain them.

New Lanark, 15th Oct. 1823.

ROBERT OWEN,

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF RING'S BENCII, OCT. 22.

This day the London Sittings at Nisi Prism were resumed
before the LORD CIIIEF JuSTICE and Common Juries.

THE LEVANT COMPANY V. MAT.TASS.
This was a writ of inquiry to assess damages on two bonds,
in the penalty of 1,0001. each, by which the defendant became
surety to that extent to the Levant Company for Mr. Wilkin-
son, their late Treasurer.
It appeared that Mr. Wilkinson was in June, 1819, appoint.
ed treasurer of the Levant Company, at Smyrna, for two years,
and that in June' 1820, his appointment was renewed for a
similar period. On the Ist of hlarch, 1020, Mr. Maltass en.
tered into a bond in the penalty of 1,000/., conditioned for Mr.
Wilkinson's duly paying over all sums of money received by
him on account of the Company'dtwing the first two years, and
on his re-appointment, executed another nbligati,:n to the same
effect for the time then ensuing. Mr. Wilkinson died in arrear
to the Company 1,4521. Ils. 10d., and of this they sought to
recover 1,001. on the first bond, and the residue on the rest.
No Counsel appeared for the defendant, and the Jury, under
the direction of the Loan CHIEF JUSTICE, assessed the da-
mages at 1,4521. 1,15. 10d.

LUPTON V. LZVY.
This action was brought by Mr. Lupton, a wholesale jewel.
ler in St. James's-place, Camberwell, against Mr. Levy, a re-
tail jeweller in Piccadilly, to recover the price of jewellery de-
livered to him on a special undertaking to pay for the same,
unless certain security was given.
The case on behalf of the plaintiff was, that the goods were
delivered to the defendant on these terms : coloured goods to
be at all events sold ; polished goods to be returned if unsold,
at the end of nix months, and six months' credit to be given,
provided a bond for the payment or return was executed by a
Mr. Lazarus; but that if the bond was not executed by Mr.
Lazarus, the goods were to he paid for in ready money ; and
that no bond having been executed, the price was at once pay-
able. The case for the defendant was, that if Mr. Lazarus did
not give security, he was to have liberty to return the goods,
and that he accordingly discharged himself from liability by an
offer to return them.
The LO RD Cum? JIiIIICr. left the case to the Jury on this
question, upon which they found a verdict for the plaintiff—
Damages, lilt.

MOSI V. R111.1..Y.
71113 was an action of Slander brought by the plaintiff, who
is a surgeon and apothecary at Windsor, against the defendant,
who is also a surgeon and apothecary residing at the same place.
The plaintiff's case was conducted by the Common Serjeant
and Mr. Campbell, and the defendant's by Mr. Scarlett and
Mr. F. Pollock.

'rho Common SZUJEANT, haying stated the case for the
calltd-: .

Mr. Thomas Haines, a surgeon, who deposed, that he was a
surgeon at Windsor, but is now practising in London ; he
knew the plaintiff when he (plaintiff,) wait An assistant to the
defendant, whom he quitted in March 1822. In June 1822 he
WAS the bearer of a letter from the plaintiff to the defendant, de.
mantling an explanation or a disavowal of some calumni.
ons words alleged to have ,spoken by the defendant to a
Mrs. Blake, respecting Mr. Moss's character. The defendant,
on opening the letter, said " Mr. Moss has robbed and cheated
me in every possible manner; he had
_patients of a morning,
before I was up, known to me; he Hitsnot make the proper
entries in the book ; and his condteat was otherwise so bad as to
oblige me to dismiss him from my service."
Croseeexamined-1 believe the letter was in these words 'tl
am informed that you have hratutesi sue *ith the epithet of thief,
and I am compelled to demand the satisfaction due to is Gen-
tleman." The defendant asked me whether that letter was In.
tended as a challenge to fight, and I answered, he might pat
what construction he pleased upen it. Ile then tore the letter,
and said he never called Mr. :Hess a thief. I wawa candidate
for the situation of Surgeon to the Windsor Dispensary, and the
defendant, on being asked by Mrs. Blake to vote for me, said
he would not, because I was the friend of Mr. Moss. When I
called upon the defendant he produced his daybook, and said,
Mr. Moss neglected to enter the names of some patients hi that
book, although when the defendant first employed him there
was a strict injunction that he should enter in that book the name
of every patient who tuiftht call. I know that Mr. Moss Subse-
fluently posted Mr. 0 It ;is a coward, and Mr. M. told me
that he horsewhipped him.
Hie Lonessrtte suggested to theparties to withdraw aJuror.
Mr. SCARLET T. aggreed to adopt his Lordship's suggestion;
but as the Common Sergeant declined it, the trial proceeded.
Mrs. Ursula Blake deposed, that in June 11122 the defendant
told her, that whilst Mr. Moss was his assistant he robbed and
cheated him ; that he attended patients of his own before he
(Olt.) was up of a seeming, and that he had endeavoured to
deprive him (0111.) of his good name.
l'homas Dash, the landlord of the Star and Garter Inn at
Windsor, employed the plaintiff previously to June 1822;
after that time he left off employing him ; but lie did not do
In in consequence of what the defendant had said ; his reason
fur not employing him to attend his wife in her lying-in was,
his wife felt souse delicuee in being attended by a young un.
married man.

Mr. Sc ARLETT submitted, as there was no special damage
proved, the words were not actionable.
His Lonneirrr eaid, his own opinion was, that the defendant
did not use the words " robbing and cheating" in the general
acceptation of the words, but he thought it was a question for a
Jury to decide—did the defendant by using these words in.
tend generally to injure the plaintiff in his profession ?
Mr. SCAR LICTT addressed the Jury for the defendant. He
contended that the defendant was . not actuated by malice in
what he said, as he only said it in coneequence of having been
called upon by a friend of Mr, Moss for an explanation of some
words alleged to have been used by•bim.
liis LORDSUIP, in summing up, told thaJury that if they
should be of opinion the defendant meant that the plaintiff had
private patients of whom he received money, their verdict must
be .for the plaintiff; but if they should be of opinion that the
defendant only meant that the plaintiff attended private patients
gratuitously, their verdict must be tier the defendant.
The Jury having consulted together fora few minutes, found
a verdict for the plaintiff—Dinners, One Farthing—Costs,
One Farthing. ,

Yesterday morning a most ludicrous scene pre.
rented itself in Cheapside. A porter, literally
dripping from head to foot,, and nearly blinded
with some filth which flowed down his face, was
seen hanging. after a fashionably dressed gentle.
man, whom ho kept continually abusing. A crowd
soon gathered at the sight of the man's woful
plight, and seemed bursting for au explanation;
but keeping a respectful distance, in compliment
to their olfactory nerves : when near the Poultry,
the man, stepping forward, insisted the gentle.
ma►► should go no farther, and they both went
into a shop, and a constable was Sent for.--it

then came out that the porter bills passing across
Pa ternoster-ro 4,wit ha basket on his head ,contain-
lug 300eggs,and called out to the gentleman not to
run against hint, but who, not beetling, Came plump
snepeonidithe whole
with
here and there cargo, which, de.
a bad one, left the poor fellOw in the pickle de.
'he
On the- gentleman giving his address,
'lle was allowed tOpuisue•his way ; and the por_
ter, whose name is Keys, was accompanied home
by the jests and waggeries of the mob.

Last week a dog or the Newfoundland species,
belonging to It person in the High-street, GIIIII.
g") whelped the extraordinary number of 17
whelps, ail aliYe.

too
* {l.
- - .
* *
44.
MASONIC NOTICES FOR NEXT WEEK.
F.NG LAND.
Monday, 0ct.27, Lownow. Nos. 4, 46, 71, 91, 101,
. 305, 321, 407, 450.
COUNTRY. Nos. 227, 246, 320, 490,
546, 578, 707.
Tuesday, - 28, LoNnow. No. 349.
COUNTRY. Nos. 38, 67, 68, 145, 427,
5:17, 668.
Wednesday, - 20, LONDON. Lodge of Benevolence.
COUNTRY. Nos. 112, 549.
Thursday, 30, Loximx. Nos. 37, 39, 327. Gen
Com. Fem. Scli. at 12
COUNTRY. Nos. 110, 176, 453.
- II
COUNTRY. Nos. 53, 236.
Saturday, Nov. 1, LoNnoti. No. 173.
COUNTRY. •
RELAND.
Monday, Oct. 27, Cont. No. 27.

Friday,

0 .

SPANISH LOANS OF 1821 AND 1822.
THE DIVIDEND payable in London on the
Ist November next, on the Spanish Five per Cent. Con-
solidated Annuities, now in circulation, of the LOA NS of 1821
and 1822, negociated by Messrs. Ardoin, Hubbard, and Ca.,
and Countersigned by them and Messrs. J. Laffitte and Co., of
Paris, will be PAID at the house of A. F. Haldimand and
Sons, No. 24, Cateaton-strect, on that and every succeeding day
(Sundays excepted), between the hours of Ten and Two.
It will be necessary to leave the Dividend Warrants, with
lists thereof, in numerical order, distinguishing tha different
classes, for examination, at least Two Days previous to the
application for payment.

PANISII CERTIFICATES of RENTES,
K Y delivered to the Holders of protested Bills and Orders in
favour of British Claims, on Messrs. Bernales and Nephews._._
The Dividend payable in London on the let November next,
on the above Spanish Five per Cent: Consolidated Annuities,
now in circulation, and countersigned by James Campbell and
Co., will be PAIL) at their house, No. 2, Bank-street, on that
and every succeeding day (Sundays excepted), between the
hours of Ten and Two.
It will be necessary to leave the Dividend Warrants, with
lists thereof, in t umerical order, distinguishing the different
classes, for examination, at least Two Days previous to the
application for payment.—London, Oct. 6, 1823.