The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 16, 1817,

~~~

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
GRAND JUVENILE NIGHT.

At the termination of the Pantomime the last two acts of THE
BONDMAN will be played, and between the second and third acts
will be introduced the most popular dances from the celebrated
Ballet of TIIE WAGS OF WAPPING.

PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
J. M. Maddox, sole Lussee and Manager.
THIS EVENING

Will be performed a new and original Musical Romance, entitled
THE SEVEN MAIDS OF MUNI ;11 ; or, The Ghost's Tower.
Col. Bertrand, Mr. C. Fisher ; Capt. d'Armincourt, Mr. Allen ;
Capt. Bellejambe, Mr. Lefflc...r ; Lieut. Adolphe, Mr. Wynn; - ornet
Giosdos, Mr. Compton ; Baron Bristle' ach, Mr. Walton ; Bumps,
Mr. Bonner ; Seven Maids of Munich, Misses Sara Flower, Rourke,
E. Bonner, Hincks, Millar, L... Marshall, Laporte; Uriel, Miss
Marshall ; Madame Groutz, Mrs. Fosbroke.

After which a new Farce, entitled SCHOOLBOY FROLICS.
Sir Gabriel Gabbleton, Mr. Granby ; Captain Masterton, Mr.
Vining; Albert, Miss Marshall; John Wildgoose, Mr. Cowell;
Clara Montresor, Mrs. Hughes ; Matilda, Miss E. IL.nner ; Mary
Wildgsose, Miss Momers.
In the course of the evening Professor HEMMING and his ta-
lented ( lIILDREN will go through their wonderftil performances.
Previous to the Pantomime the Band will perform " The Ame-
rican Polka," introducing " The Railroad Overture."

To conclude with a new Grand Comic Chrstmas Pantomime, enti•
tied The ENCHANTED BEAUTIES of the GOLDEN CASTLE;
or, The One-eyed Geni. Harlequin, Mr. Bologna; Pantaloon, Mr
Paulo ; Columbine, Miss Burbidge ; Sprite, Mr. H. Marshall ;
Clown, Mr. Flexmore.

FRENCH PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. John Mitchell.
On MONDAY EVENING
Will be performed LA MARR AINE. M. de Jordy, M, Mas-
guiltier ; Edouard, M. Berou; Madame de Neris, Mdlle. Vallee;
Cecile, Mdlie. Leyder.
After which, the popular Drama of L'AUBERGE DES ADRETS.
Robert Macaire, Mona. F. Lemaitre ; who will, during the Piece,
dance "La Valse de Faust."
Boxes, 6s. , Pit, 3s. tid. ; Stalls, 35.; Gallery, 2a. Doors opened at
half-past Seven, and the performances commence at Eight.

ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS, ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
The celebrated ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS, Pell, Harrington,
White, Stanwood, and Germon, will have the honour of repeating
their Inimitable ENTERTAINMENT at the above Theatre,
THIS EVE-SING, and on Tuesday next. Doors open at Eight
o'clock, and the Performance commences at half-past Eight ; and
will (by desire) give a Grand Juvenile Performance on Wednes-
day Morning next, Jan. 20. Doors open at Two o'clock.
Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 25.; Amphitheatre, 2s.
Private Boxes, Stalls, and Places may be engaged at Mitchell's
Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street; at all the principal Libraries
and Music-sellers ; and at the Box-office.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
Patronised by her Moat Gracious Majesty the Queen, Prince
Albert. Prince of Wales, and Royal Family. Triumphant suc-
cess of the Christmas Novelties. Upwards of 30,000 persons have
witnessed the new Grand Comic Pantomime, pronounced to be
unequalled for magnificence and mechanical effects. The Boxes
are nightly filled by brilliant assemblages of rank, and honoured
by the presence of 11.R.11. Prince George of Cambridge, Earl of
Strathmore, Lady Crewe, and a host of fashionable*.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed a grand new Magical Equestrian Romance, en-
titled THE DEMON NORSE ; or, The Twelve Wishes and the
Charmed Bit. •
To be followed by Batty's SCENES of the CIRCLE; with
the performances ol Laurentz Waif, the great Belgian horseman.
To conclude with the successfu I Comic EqUes trlan Fairy Pantomime,
entitled THE FORTY THIEVES; or, Harlequin and Ali Baba and
the Robber's Cave. Clown, Mr. Rochez ; Harlequin, Mr. W. Har-
vey; Pantaloon, Mr. Laffarini ; Columbine, 3liss Louisa Waite.

This Day, in foolscap Svc), price 6s.
THE BATTLE OF NIBLEY GREEN: from
the MSS. of A TEMPLAR ; with a PREFACE, NOTES,
and OTHER POEMS; by J. B. KINGTON.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.
MR ESSS. LAMOND and Co., RAILWAY
SHARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and
to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c.,
take place every TUESDAY and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the
Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
favours, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectfully
requested to be addressed.
All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day
previous to their being offered ; and advices of results will be
forwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds imune-
Cutely disposed of according to instmctions.
Offices, Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street. London.

TIMID EDITION OF

“THE SUN.”

PARLIAMENT MEETS on TUESDAY NEXT,

THE 19TH,

AND, AS USUAL, THE
VERY LATEST NEWS
WILL BE FOUND IN THE

THIRD EDITION OF i, THE SUN,'

WHICH WILL CONTAIN THE
DEBATES IN BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
UP TO THE HOUR OF POST,
THEREBY ANTICIPATING OTHER PAPERS BY
TWELVE HOURS.

THE WEATHER.—Strx OFFICE, JANUARY 15.
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 29; Highest, 39 ; Noon, 36,
BAROMETER, 30 2.—WIND E., fine.

Hlciti WATER AT LONDON-BIW)GE THIS DAY.
lforning .. I minutes after 1. !Evening .. 26 minutes after 1.

rated ? Shall it be said that there is no such necessity
for a national system of education ? Go with that
chaplain mentioned by Lord LINCOLN to the benighted
culprits in Preston gaol alone ; see fifty-five per cent.
of them unable to read, thirty-five per cent. ignorant as
to the personality of CHRIST, only nine in a hundred
acquainted with the elementary principles of religion,
not one amongst them familiar with " The Book,"
upwards of half of the number not aware of the name of
the reigning Sovereign: let them look into that
abyss of ignorance which the chaplain of
Preston gaol has looked into, and then say that
there is no particular want of a national
system of education ! Is not that sufficient ? Let
them meditate upon the thousands who are living
perpetually in the filth of domestic sin, who are an
actual curse to the land in which their breath is
drawn, who are requiring the incessant and stringent
correction of the law, who perish in hospitals, and pri-
sons, and workhouses, and penal colonies. If any
additional evideiles be wanting, let them visit, even in
this vast and flouri-hing metropolis, those "Ragged
Schools" which philanthropy has erected in its by-
lanes and its rookeries, and which only a sublime
charity could sustain and organize. They must then
acknowledge that there is ample cause to weep over
this awful deficiency of moral and intellectual know-
ledge. Gon be thanked, there is rAS longer a neces.
sity to impress the reality of this enormous want upon
the perception of the Legislature. The Prime
Minister has pledged himself, in the Guildhall of the
city of London, to introduce some comprehensive
scheme of an educational character : that pledge will
be redeemed.

The cry of Irish agony swells daily louder and
louder, and pierces the most callous heart. At such a
season of sorrow and misery it becomes the duty of
every citizen of the empire to do his diligence gladly
to remove, as far as in him lies, the heavy load of woe
that crushes our Irish fellow-citizens to the earth.

To discover the origin of the miseries of Ireland—
to lay bare the sources of those wasting and incessant
torments of agitation that have driven the merchant
and the manufacturer in dismay from Ireland, torn
up by the roots the tree of commerce, and left the
country without a single stay or defence against the
present dreadful invasion of famine, is the first and
most necessary duty of the legislative physicians, who
must immediately undertake the case of Ireland.
If, in searching for the origin of these agitations,
they adopt the inductive method, and investigate
separately the causes of each successive agitation, they
will find them, without exception, to be efforts to
remove differences existing between the laws of Ire-
land and those of England, or to redress evils arising
from such differences. The conclusion from such an
investigation is unavoidable. A difference in the laws
of the two countries has caused the present difference in
their social condition.

To impose upon a limb of a great empire laws
different and more oppressive than those which govern
the heart of that empire has the same effect in the
national system that the introduction of some foreign
and unwholesome body into a man's limb, has upon
the human system. The human limb, so treated,
loses its healthy action, inflames, suppurates, and
becomes useless ; and, unless the foreign body be
removed, the virus thus engendered is absorbed into
the trunk, and the man dies. To save the man's life
the knife must be used, and the foreign body extracted,
even though the operation should cause the most
acute pain. To save the life of the empire, the ex-
isting difference in laws must be removed, even though
such removal occasion immediate suffering.
To remove such an injurious difference of laws by
the operation of the law alone—to acquire all British
privileges by a regular and temperate appeal to the
ordinary tribunals of justice, is a mode of proceeding
extremely consonant to British sentiment. A strong
feeling of the dignified propriety of such a course has
induced us to bestow already two articles upon the
case of an humble Irish forty-shilling freeholder in
fee, who, at the last quarter-sessions of the county of
Monaghan, endeavoured to establish a right to register
as an elector of that county, because a similar pri-
vilege exists in England, and because by virtue of the
Sixth Article of the union with lrekaul, all British
privileges, according to his allegation, were extended
and assured for ever to Ireland.
The following is the section of the sixth article
relied on, together with the construction given to it
by Mr. ELLIS, counsel for the applicant :

" That it be the Sixth Article of Union that his Ma
jesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland, shall, from
and after the first day of January, 1801, be entitled to
the same privileges—and be on. the same footing as to
encouragements and bounties, on the like articles being
the growth, produce, or manufacture of either country
respectively—and generally in respect of trade and navi-
gation in all ports and places in the United Kingdom and
its dependencies—and that -in all treaties made by his
Majesty, his heirs and successors, with any foreign
power, his Majesty's subjects of Ireland shall have the
same privileges and be on the same footing as his Ma-
jesty's subjects of Great Britain." This section recites
tour covenants entered into between the kingdoms of
Great Britain and Ireland, four of those terms or condi-
tions, which the kingdom of Ireland stipulated for as the
price of its independence, they are, in fact, four limita-
tions to the power of the United Parliament, and set out
tour matters which the United Parliament shall for ever
be incompetent to enact. The first of these covenants
is, That from and after the first day of January, 1801,
his Majesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland, shall
be entitled to the same privileges,' that is, that from the
day on which the Union shall take effect, and so long as
that Union shall exist, the inhabitants of each island
shall have an inalienable, incontestable, indestructible
right and title to every privilege enjoyed by the inhabi-
tants of the other. This covenant mutually extended to
each country all the peculiar privileges at that time en.
joyed by the other, and provided that at no future time
should the United Kingdom be competent to grant to the
ame time, take from the in-
s
inhabitants of one island any privilege which it did not
at the same time grant to the other—nor on the other
nand to take from the inhabitants of one island any pri-
vilege
ehnacb eimanufactures
th of that
encouragements ittiioo
didt the.otn hoetr,t.
w a to
Tat hnh e
bounties to the produce and
The
second covenant is in refer-
ence
islands.
This covenant declares
that British and Irish subjects shall, so long as the
union eXists, to en the same footing, as to encourage-
ments and bounties on the like articles, being the growth,
produce, or manufacture of either country r,speetively.'
By this covenant the United Parliament is limited and
rendered incompetent to grant or take away any bounty
or encouragement to the manufacture or produce of one
island, which it dos not, at the same time, grant or take
away from that of the other. The third covenant con-
tained in this section is in reference to trade and naviga-
tion. By this covenant it is stipulated Thati the inha-
bitants of Great Britain and Ireland shall be on the same
perfect equality in all matters rooting in respect of trade and navigation, in all ports
and [daces in the United Kingdom and its dependencies.'
By this covenant
con-
nected with trade, in all parts of the United Kingdom
is for ever established between Great Britain and Ire-
land, and the Parliament of the United Empire is
cde-
clared incompetent to disturb that equality. The fourth
covenant assures to the inhabitants of both islands, an
equality in all advantages derivable from treaties
made between the United Empire and Foreign
Powers. It declares that in all treaties made by his
Majesty, his heirs and successors, with any foreign power,
The first three covenants
t a e s ,
which a t h
haveo m e
his Majesty's subjects of Ireland shall have the same
privileges, and be on the same footing as his Majesty's
osouolateaciotsedoifo Gthriesastootroi
ntasinec.ure to the inhabitants of Ire-
land, perfect equality with the inhabitants of Great Bri-
tain,orin the
inalloorliogohitess,. prTivhileegroso,
just read, secures to them, a similar equalitt y, in all rights,
privileges, and advantages, acquired by treaties with
foreign countries. The treaty of Union does not con-
tain any provision authorising the slightest alteration in
any one of these covenants. These covenants, therefore,
fourth cove advantages,
form portions of the written constitution of the country,
and are supreme unalterable laws, revoking all opposing
statutes, at home, therefore, and abroad—in the British
Islands, and in the British colonies—in his native land,
and in foreign countries, perfect equality with English-
men in all civil rights, benefits, privileges, and advan-
tages, is the inalienable, indestructible, birth-right of
every Irishman. This equality was the great political
advantage for ages sought by Ireland—the great price
agreed to be paid for her legislative independence. This
equality, in the largest and most beneficial sense, is for
ever secured to Ireland by the great international com-
pact and treaty of Union, and so long as that Union ex-
ists, never can that equality be taken from Ireland ex-
cept by arbitrary power, and lawless usurpation."
The covenant contained in the first paragraph of
the above section, in our opinion, most certainly gave
Irishmen a right to the enjoyment of all British pri-
vileges, and still gives such to them, unless that
covenant has been since annulled by some competent
authority. It was intended to express the same
meaning as the following words in the fourth section
of the Act of Union with Scotland :—" That there
be a communication of all other rights, privileges,
and advantages which do or may belong to the sub-
jects of either kingdom."
That such was the intention of the Legislature in
using the words "shall enjoy the same privileges," is
shown, amongst a hundred other proofs, by the fol-
lowing words of Mr. Secretary DuNnas, when
moving, as Minister, in the House of Commons, the
union resolutions :—" By the participation of the
freedom of Britons (says that Minister)—by the full

enjoyment of all privileges attached to a member of !
such an honourable community, the Government of
this country endeavours to destroy the hopes of the
enemy and to consolidate the empire. If it be true
that the poor of Ireland experience all the misery
concomitant to a state of want and wretchedness, then
it follows that their participation of the privileges of
Britons will rouse and animate to laudable exertions
that useful description of our fellow-subjects in the
sister kingdom. That liberty which awakened the
commercial enterprise of Scotland—that liberty which
expanded its genius in the most honourable pursuits
—that liberty which confirmed every sentiment
which can dignify human nature, will, Sir, I am
sure have the same happy influence on the people
of Ireland, connected with us by the dearest reci-
procal obligations."
Notwithstanding, however, the simple significance
of the words themselves, and the analogy of Scotland,
and the expressed intention of the Legislature, Messrs.
HOVENDEN and CHITTY have, in their respective
editions of "Blackstone's Commentaries," represented
the Sixth Article of the Irish Union as referring only
to trade, and establishing an equality of privileges in
that respect alone between the countries, though the
fourth paragraph of that section, which establishes an
equality in all privileges derived from foreign treaties,
does not mention nor allude to trade, and though the
marginal note, collecting the general purport of the
sections, stares them in the face, and declares its
meaning to be, " that the subjects of Great Britain and
Ireland should be on the same footing from the Ist of
January, 1801."
To narrow the privileges extended by this section
to those connected with trade alone, it is necessary, as
a first and indispensable step, to deny a separate and
independent meaning to the sentence, "that his
Majesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland shall
enjoy the same privileges"—a sentence which contains
the great price of Ireland's independence, so strictly
stipulated for by Ireland, and, as we have seen, so
solemnly undertaken to be paid by England. Accord-
ing to such exposition this sentence forms for us
merely one of two antecedents, governing in common
the words "as to bounties on the articles, Bcc.,"
the other antecedent being the phrase, "be upon the
same footing." And the entire passage, so read,
would merely extend to Ireland an equality of rights
as to trade and commerce.

Now, to adept such a construction would be to
make the important sentence, "shall enjoy the same
privileges," vain and superfluous, and to give no effect
whatever to these words ; for the words, " shall be
upon the same footing -as to hOunties, &c.," give all
privileges respecting bounties, &c., and something
more. The strong and significant words, " shall
enjoy the same privileges," would therefore be, ac-
cording to such reading, empty unmeaning phrases,
and without the least effect. Butlitiii4d exposition
would be in violation of the cleargt rules of law
for the good expositor (says Lord COKE in
POWLTER'S case) makes every sentence have its
operation to suppress all the mischiefs ; he gives effect
to every word in the statute; he does not construe it
so that anything should be vain and superfluous, nor
yet makes exposition against express words, for
viperina est expositio gum corrodit viscera textus.'"
It appears clear, therefore, that if this section
be brought to the strictest tests of law, every rule of
construction, whether derived from the common law
or the law of nations, will declare that these
sentences stand independent of each other, and will
presume that the different words in each were em-
ployed to express different ideas, and were used in
the largest sense. But, supposing for a moment that
the meaning was ambiguous, and that a doubt could be
fairly entertained, whether the word privileges was to
be taken in the larger or the more restricted sense,
then we should be obliged to have recourse to another
kind of test, and to decide whether the covenant.
" that her MAJESTY'S stcbjects of Great Britain and
Ireland shall enjoy the same privileges," be a favour-
able or an odious covenant, for different rules of con-
struction, according to the law of nations, govern
these two classes of covenants.

" Everything that tends to a common advantage in
•reaties, or that has a tendency to place the contract-
ing parties on a footing of equality, is favourable,"
says VATTELL, Book 2, c. 2. This definition of VAT
TELL'S exactly describes the nature of the covenant
granting equal privileges to the subjects of both coun-
tries. This covenant is, therefore, governed by the
rules applicable to things favourable, and all writers
on the law of nations agree as to these rules. GRO-
TIUS, Book 11,-c. 15, thus lays down the rule :—" In
cases not odious, we must understand the words in
their full propriety as they are generally taken, and
if they are ambiguoUs then they must he taken in the
largest sense.

To discover an ambiguity respecting these Irish
privileges, is therefore to prove that they must be
granted in their very largest extent. Uncertainty
ranges itself upon the side of justice, and to raise a
doubt upon the subject is to establish the claim of
Ireland for perfect equality with Great Britain in
laws, rights, privileges, and advantages—a claim
which ought never to have been refused, and upon
the speedy- and certain admission of which depends
the hen-our and happiness of the United Empire.

" The explosive cotton has been tried at Constan-
tinople," says a letter from that city, " with complete
success. Several experiments have been made at the
palace in the presence of the SULTAN, and gave full
satisfaction. Other proofs of its power have likewise
been exhibited to several of the Turkish Ministers."
Letters from Constantinople state that the SULTAN
was exceedingly annoyed at the reception given at
Paris to the Bey of TUNIS as an independent sove-
reign. The conferences at Trebisonde for reconciling
the differences between Turkey and Persia have been
broken up without any result.

The town of Morat was occupied on the 9th by
the Government troops of Friburg. Many of the
inhabitants fled to Berne and to Vaud on the ap-
proach of the troops. Bulle and Gruyere still hold
out. In the former place the insurgents haveen-
trenched themselves in the castle ; in the latter, they
look for support from Vaud. Among the persons
who have been arrested at Friburg is M. WEIBEL,
an architect, who is accused of having devised and
organized the conspiracy for the insurrection. The
10th is the day fixed for the meeting of the Grand
Council.

The Imperial Commissioner of Cracow, Count DE
DAYM, has just published an order declaring that the
tribunals of Gallicia are not to proceed against any
persons compromised in the late insurrection, except
the leaders of the rebels, and persons either invested
with political functions or exercising a public profes-
sion (such as advocates, priests, notaries, Government
officers). Any person not included in these cate-
gories is not to be prosecuted.

The Russian General RUDIGER occupied on the
sth, with 10,000 troops, the frontiers of the old re-
public of Cracow, and those of Gallicia proper. An
Austrian force was immediately ordered to observe
them.

A Dresden letter, in the Aix-la-Chapelle Gazette,
says that M. Tvssowsx4 who was chosen dictator in
the insurrection at Cracow in 1846, has been set at
liberty. The Austrian Government gave its assent
to this act of the Saxon Government, but on condi-
tion that M. Trssowsxi should, with his family, be
placed in the hands of the Austrian authorities to be
embarked at Trieste for America.

The draft of the new penal code for Prussia is
finished and approved of by the KING. It contains
450 paragraphs, and does not in any one case inflict
corporal punishment. It has been printed, but the
copies are reserved exclusively for the Members of
the Provincial States about to be convoked.
The Augsburgh Gazette states, on the authority of
a letter from Turin, that Prince FERDINAND VICTOR
of Modena is about to marry an Austrian Princess,
and that the Count DE TRAPPANI is to marry a Princess
of the same family.
The Austrian Government has just established a
line of electric telegraph from Vienna to Brunn, and
intends to extend it as far as Prague in Bohemia.
There is also to be a line from Vienna to Perth in
Hungary.

Madrid papers of the 7th have ariived:
The Chamber of Deputies is still occupied in the.
verification of its powers, but the case o: Senor
OIX4AGA had not as 'yet been brought: forward.
It was rumoured that he had already arrived or, the
frontiers of France.

MADRID BOLSA, JAN. 7.—The Three per Cents. were

done at 32 3.16 for cash; the Fire per Conls, lt 21.
the Debt without Interest at 64; the Coupwis 1;:h;
and the Vales, at 81,

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday

The Budget, which has been laid on the table of tie
Chamber of Deputies by the Finance Minister, ex-
hibits an alarming and increasing deficiel,cy. Thie
deficiency amounted in 184.1 to 79 millions afid 1846,
to 60 millions. The following abstract of the Budget
is given by the Journal des Debats
" The Budget for 1848 is already laid before the Cham-
ber of Deputies. The following are the principal
The uncovered balance of 1844, estimated at the time of
the preceding Budget at 5,807,773 f., had been reduced
before the final settlement of the account to 181,530 f.
That of the year 1845 was at the same period earned up
to 18,949,118 f. Savings made out of some of the c:-edits
granted, arldel to certain accidental resource.,, changed
the uncovered deficit into a balance in hand c'T 1,932,065 f.
This will not be the case with the account of
1846. The calamities of all kinds with which
France has been afflicted during the present year,
have imposed upon her saerific4-s which have aggravated
the financial state of the country, notwithstanding
the increase of the revenue. A year ago the un-
coverel balance, after taking into account an increase
in the recAtits to the amount of 22,000,0001., was found
to be 25,102,029 f. Now, although the Minister can
bring into account a bonus. of 33,000,000 f. in the receipts,
he cannot set down the uncovered deficit at less than
81,237.963 E, but which is reduced to 79,305.8991 , it
there be deducted tie excess in the receipts of 1845.
Among the causes producing this sad result there ought
to be reckoned a sum of 6,500,000 f. distributed in relief
among the suffering pople; 14,600,000 f. for the increase
in the price of provisions for the army and navy;
33.000,000 f. extraordinary credits, granted to these two
departments for the service of Algeria; and 14,600,000 f.
added to the extraordinary credits of the navy for the
different stations, particularly those on the coast of
Africa, A similar result is to be feared for 1847, though
as yet upon this subject there can be only conjecture.
Approximate data lead to a conclusion that the uncovered
deficits of the budgets from 1840 down to the present
time will amount to 433,515,6911., which must be paid
out of the reserves of the Sinking Fund before any part
of these reserves can be applied to the public works to
which the.y are appropriated. A year ago the total of
the uncovered &licit was estimated at 354,996,765 f., and
it was in the course of 1846 tliat the accumulated re-
serves-were to be applied in paying it. This cannot now
be expected, but it is a misfortune which can be attri-
buted only to the inclemency of the seasons. The Budget
for 1848 presents the following results ;—Receipts,
1,371,592,4571.; dirbursements, 1,368,276,127 E; excess
of receipts, 3,316,330 f."

The publication of this Budget was followed by a
further decline in the price of securities and of rail-

road shares.

On Thursday there was to be another meeting of
the Governors of the Bank of France, at which it
was supposed a resolution would be come to either to
rase the rate of interest, or to adopt some equally
efficacious measure to stop the drain of bullion from
the coffers of the Bank.

The Bill introduced by the Minister of Commerce
for the regulation of the corn trade allows the free
importation of corn into France in foreign bottoms.
The Billault and Dufaure section of the Oppo-
sition have declared themselves in favour of the con-
duct of M. GUIZOT in the Montpensier marriage
affair. It is calculated that on this question from
340 to 380 Members will vote with the Ministry.
The Moniteur contains a long list of nominations
to the Legion of Honour. Among them are several
Russians ; for example, Admiral LUTKE, Aide-de-
Camp to the Emperor of Russia; M. DE KISSELEFF,
Russian Charge d'Affaires in Paris; Capt. MOFFETT,
Russian navy; and Captain GLASSENAPP, Aide-de-
Camp of the EMPEROR, also of the Russian navy.

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