The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-01 00:00:00

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.
THIS EVENING

Will he presented a new Drama, entitled THE CARPENTERS
OF LAMBETH; or, The Bride of the Thanes. Characters by
Messrs. Dale. Hicks, Searle, and Miss Vincent. _ _ .

After which, THE WILD IRISH GIRL. Principal characters
by Messrs. Niggle, Howard, Searle, Forman, M`Donald, Mrs. Q.
Lee, Mrs. Cooke, and Miss Vincent.
To conclude with the Nautical Dra-r a of TIIM PILOT.
Boxes, is. ; Halt-price, Gil.; Pit, 6cl. ; Gallery, 3d.
Doors open at Six, to commence at Ilalf-past

ASTI.EY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Proprietor and Manager. lir. William Batty.
I.ast Week of the Summer Season.
THIS EVENING

The Grand Spectacle of THE CATARACT OF THE GANGES,

Entirely new Scenes in the Arena, supported by the talented Ar-
tistes of the Establishment, in the % arious modes of equestration.
Box-office open from 11 till 5.
Stage Manager, Mr. W. D. Broadfoot.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

" W. 11. G."—Yes. See our paper of Thursday, and
you will find a few of his matches mentioned in our
account of the race for the championship of the
Thames.

WEATHEIL—SuN OFYICE ()CT. 1.
IVIISIOMETEIt, Lowest, 49; Highest. 57 ; Noon, .S 8
BAROMETER, 30.1.—WIND E.N.E.; cloudy.

'..D w ATF.R AT LONIX)I4-11RID1IR THIS DAY.
Mornin;.. 26 minutes after G. I Fvenlnz .. 54 ••rinntrg ,t,e, 6

"—wail"'
-'*---as +0 those
ti on of the Britiah islands struggled
lights of knowledge, of religion,
and of
which
whereby society is beautified and
embellished,
population of
tiPwarof the arts
had been originally ignited
lights of civil and reli-
the Italian peninsula. Nowe.mang
struggling upwards to those a the Italians are
in the cities of
brighter during several past centuries. .
gious liberty which have been burning brighter and
1 a sublime
interchange of blessings.
Great Britain. It is a noble reflection, ant.
by
its
throughout Italy that the obstruction. raised
tends
So irresistible has become the popular mov;nnent
natural antagonist, the Austrian Kaisar, only
..
to its visible acceleration. The momentary infringe-
ment ment of the engagements solemnly entered into a
Vienna in 1815, has actually conduced to the more
speedy fulfilment of the veritable arrangements of that
memorable coliwact.. To speak more plainly, the
temporary occupation of Ferrara has produced such a
reaction in the adjoining principalities, that it
is
deemed advisable by the Government of METTERNICH
that the contingent understanding of 1815 should in
1847 (before decease has rendered it necessary)
be formally carried into effect. Preliminary steps
are already being taken for the abdication
of the ex-Empress MARIA LOUISA. from the grand-
ducal throne of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, and
the result of this retirement of the widow of N APO-
LEON, will be the immediate incorporation of Lucca
with the territories of LEOPOLD of Tuscany, and the
transference of the sovereignty of the combined
duchies already mentioned to the chief member of the
reigning family of Lucca. In other words, the
political and social emancipation of Lucca will be
insured by its incorporation with the dominions of the
liberal-minded LEOPOLD, while Parma, Piacenz?,
and Guastalla will be afforded an opportunity
of effecting their liberation by passing from the
immediate thraldom of the Viennese dynasty into the
possession of that pusillanimous Prince who has re-
cently permitted his subjects to wrest the keys of
their dungeons from his unwilling grasp. Modena
will then remain the insulated blot upon the map of
Italy, though it is preposterous to imagine that the sub-
lime and irresistible impulse of freedom throughout
the length and breadth of the peninsula will be very
long avoided by any guileful policy on the part of the
young Sovereign of that principality. Modena
must ultimately partake of the delights of
liberty, and Venetian Lombardy must, in
time, be so far affected by the surrounding
atmosphere of independence as to arise with
the rest of its compatriots, and pour libations to
the Goddess of Freedom. It rests with Austrian
despotism to decide whether or not those libations
shall be libations of blood.
It is stated by the Nuremberg Correspondent that
while the POPE was, on the 14th inst., reviewing the
national guard posted at the Quirinal, his HOLI-
NESS exhorted the civic soldiery to tarry in
patience and confidence as to the fulfilment of
their dearest aspirations ; because, said he, a
league of the Italian Sovereigns will speedily
be constituted for the purpose of ensuring
to the entire peninsula " the regular progress of its
institutions." That is the most encouraging declara-
tion yet made to the Italians ; it only requires a Con-
gress of those Italian Sovereigns in one or other of
their capitals—say the Eternal City itself, as the
most appropriate and decidedly the grandest locality
in which such a conference could take place—to con-
firm the hopes of the multitude by affording them a
visible token of their security. Whatever may be
the details of this extraordinary arrangement, what-
ever may be the particular sequence of events in
the different' principalities, it is certain that Italy
has at this moment virtually obtained its liberation,
and that its inhabitants may rely implicitly upon the
wisdom of such patriotic rulers as Pope Pius IX.,
as King CHARLES ALBERT, and as the Grand Duke
LEOPOLD 11. Modena will now stand alone in its
absolutism as Marino has hitherto stood in its inde-
pendence. All Italy is forsaking its fraternity with
Modena, and is aspiring to a brotherhood with the
citizens of Marino.

We yesterday announced the great fact of the
formation of " The National Anti-Gold-law League,'

on the preceding evening, from which we draw the
most propitious auguries for the future welfare of the
country, and from whose exertions we look for the
emancipation of our trade and commerce from the
fetters and bonds by which they have hitherto been
restricted and enchained. The new League will
have to prepare itself fur an arduous and difficult
contest. It will have to encounter numerous impedi-
ments. Many w ill oppose what they conceive to be
their own selfish interests to the general advantage.
Already the proprietors of large fixed incomes, arising
from funded property, mortgages, or other sources,
which cannot be increased, no matter what may be
the national prosperity, or deteriorated, as to the
amount of the annual dividend or interest by any
degree of adversity, they will believe that it must
be more favourable for them to keep up
the dearness and scarcity of money, although
the ruin of thousands may thereby be effected, and
millions of their poorer brethren deprived of the
employment that they would otherwise obtain, and the
comforts they would thereby be enabled to procure for
their families. Others will be led aside by high
sounding phrases and plausible harangues. They
will be persuaded that there can be but one measure
of value, that a metallic medium is the only one that
can safely be recognised, and that the adoption of any
other is almost equivalent to a repudiation and an act
of barefaced injustice, amounting to a robbery of the
national creditor, and that it is incumbent on every
honest and right-minded man to oppose with all his
power any change in the present system. A still larger
body will for a time remain apathetic, and without
taking any part in the struggle on either
side. Professing themselves unable to com-
prehend the details of a question so complicated
and involved, they will desire to leave the contest to
be fought by those who are more fully acquainted with
the subject, and will thus, by the xis inertia, strengthen
the hands of those who would keep matters in their
present condition, who contend for the finality of
our monetary arrangements, and that the 20,000,000/.

in notes which the Bank of England and the private
bankers are allowed, by the Act of 1844, to issue,
without a corresponding deposit of gold in their
coffers, and, indeed, without any security beyond
that of the public debt due by the Government to
the Bank, is to be regarded as the ne plus ultra—an
Ultima Thule which cannot, in any state or condition
of the national finances, or under any possible sir-_j
cumstances, be exceeded. Again, even among the
more zealous and enthusiastic reformers, men who
are thoroughly convinced of the baleful effects of the
present system, and the absolute necessity for a
speedy revision of our financial code, many diffe-
rences still exist as to the nature and the
extent of the alterations it would be desirable to
sanction the character of the changes for which they
should contend, and which they should demand at
the hands of the Legislature. There are thus different
classes, consisting of the unproductive and idle, living
on fixed incomes, who conceive themselves " fruges
consumere nati," and that any change may occasion
the horrible necessity of making some exertions for
their own livelihood, and entering on a course of
honest industry in place of leading a life of idleness
and repose. 2dly. The honest and well-intentioned,
but mistaken men. idly, The careless, apathetic,
and ignorant. And, 4thly, The monetary reformers
of every shade and diversity of opinion.
They should not, however, be disheartened by the
consideration of these difficulties. " Their great
prototype"
had to encounter similar ones, and to a
much greater extent. They had the ow,
owners
ers and
occupiers of land in every part of the kingdom who
erroneously believed that their very
existence
means of support were involved in the maintenance
and
of their monopoly, and the prohibitory and proteet
ive duties then in force. They had likewise rn is:
taken men who thought that the agriculturists were
entitled to protection in consequence of the weighty
burdens which they had to sustain, and from which
the foreign grower was exempted. They, too, had
the
,faineants who took little or no interest in the
matter, and allowed it to be settled by wiser heads,
and they had differences amongst themselves—the
advocates of sliding scales of various dimensions, the
advocates of a moderate fixed duty, and those who
demanded the free and unconditional admission of the
cereal products from all parts of the globe. But
they triumphed over all, and attained a peaceful and
olorious victory, within seven abort years wore

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