The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-15 00:00:00

" The Court found the above-named prisoners
severally guilty as charged, and sentenced each (two-
thirds of the members of the Court in every case con-
curring in the sentence) to be hanged by the neck
until he is dead.'
" The General-in-Chief approves the foregoing
proceedings and sentences, with the following excep-
tions :—The cases of Thomas Riley, company 1,3 d
infantry; James Mills, company 11, same regiment;
and John Reilly, company K, sth infantry.
" These three prisoners severally committed the
crime of desertion as charged, in the early part of
April, 1846. At that date the United States were at
peace with Mexico and all the world ; for the present
war did not break out, in fact, till a later date, and
was not recognised to exist by the Congress of the
United States till the 13th of the following month.
" No higher punishment can, therefore, be legally
inflicted upon those atrocious offenders, T. Riley, J.
Mills, and J. Reilly, than that prescribed for a state
of peace, viz., 50 lashes with a raw hide whip well
laid on the bare back of each, and their punishment is
commuted accordingly, with the addition that each be
branded on a cheek with the letter D, kept a close
prisoner as long as this army remains in Mexico, and
then be drummed out of the service.

" So much of the punishment in the case of Henry
Newer, company D, 4th artillery, as relates to hang-
ing, is, on the recommendation of many members of
the Court, remitted ; and a like remission is made
in the case of Edward WHeiTon, company G, same
regiment, out of consideration for a son, private in
the same company, who has remained faithful to his

colours.
" There being some slight circumstances of miti-
gation in the several cases of
M Hezek ia.h3Aiiklllse,s,anJdohjn.
Bartley, Alexander 'Kee, and John Bowers, all
of company 11, 3d artillery, their sentences are com-
Rmeuitlelyd aasboinve., ,
the cases of T. Riley, J.
General Quitman had been appointed Governor of
Mexico, and had received the contribution of 150,000
dollars levied upon the city. He is thus described by
a correspondent of the New York Herald:—
" To gallant Mississippi belongs the honour of
giving to Mexico her first American Governor, and
we may also add, her first wise Governor. General
Scott displayed equal judgment and magnanimity
in this appointment. General Quitman had the mis-
fortune to be excluded from the battle of Cerro
Gordo and of Contreras. His brave spirit and ac-
knowledged military talents had met with disap-
pointments, which no doubt grieved his gallant
soul. But in the closing scenes he availed himself
of the long delayed opportunity, and covered himself
with glory in the various difficult operations which
preceded the occupation of the city. His admirable
fitness for the Governorship of Mexico will occur to
all who are acquainted with General Quitman. He
is a profound jurist and elegant scholar, well read in
history, and familiar with several of the modern lan-
guages, including, we believe, Spanish. He is, too,
a cool, deliberative, firm, and most rigidly honest man.
We predict that his administration will be more effec-
tive and successful than that of any other ruler Mexico
has ever had."
The new Governor occupied the palace of the
late President.

It seems, however, that the possession of their
capital by the United States army was not quietly
acquiesced in by the Mexicans, even after their army
under Santa Anna had deserted it, and their own un-
disciplined efforts were found insufficient to resist
their formidable invaders. The following general
order by General Scott points to a system of covert
assassination, by which we are assured that he had
already lost many of his best men :
" Head- quarters of the Army, Mexico, Sept. 22.
" The General-in-Chief has received through many
kind sources, Mexican and others, undoubted infor-
mation that an extensive conspiracy is on foot about
us, to surprise (by means of an insurrection) our
guards and quarters, and to murder our officers and
men.
"Mexican officers and soldiers in disguise, who
had not the courage to defend their capital, are
the leaders in this conspiracy, aided by some
1,500 thieves and murderers, who were turned
loose for that purpose, and to prey upon the peace-
able
inhabitants, the night before the triumphal entry
of the American army into this city.
" The conspirators have also the services of several
false priests, who dishonour the holy religion which
they only profess for the special occasion,
"Until ready for the insurrection, the disguised
villains hope to do us much harm in detail. Their
plan is to assassinate stragglers, particularly drunken
men ; to entice individuals or small parties into shops
to drink, and to stab them when in their cups ; to
entice our gallant Roman Catholic soldiers, who have
done so much honour to our colours, to desert,
under a promise of lands in California, which our
arms have already conquered, and which for ever will
remain a part of the United States.
" Let all our soldiers, Protestant and Catholic, re-
member the fate of the deserters taken at Churubusco.
These deluded wretches were also promised money
and land; but the Mexican Government, by every
sort of ill-usage, drove them to take up arms against
the country and flag they had voluntarily sworn to
support, and next placed them in front of the battle
—in positions from which they could not possibly
escape the conquering valour of our glorious ranks.
After every effort of the General-in-Chief, to save,
by judicious discrimination, as many of those mise-
rable convicts as possible, 50 of them have paid for
their treachery by an ignominious death on the
gallows.
" Again the General-in-Chief calls on his brethren
in arms, of all grades, to be constantly on the alert,
by day as by night ; never to appear in the streets
without side-arms •to walk out in parties of twos,
threes, or more, and to avoid all obscure places, par-
ticularly treacherous dram-shops and liquor stores.
" By command of Major-General Scott.
‘ H.
:
L.SCOTT, A. A. A. G."
In another order he ‘ adds
" There is every reason to believe that a very
large distribution of knives and dirks has recently been made to liberated convicts (thieves and mur-
derers) for the purpose of assassinating American
Is.easlunresthaeremineapnrotgimreessgtuoardseasrcahndouptatarnodlssweaiizsi:
soldiers found drunk or otherwise off their guard.
if necessary,
for execution the instigators and leaders of those
as-
sassins.
search all suspicious persons, disarm, and,
confineAdvi them.
Advises
of fao r
later tria
date,azidpbuenwi punishment."
however,
statet.' that confi-
dence
markets were
weredencebweiansg rraep-indplye•nebde,ingandesttabbalitshed ; that the shops
the
well supplied.
The Mexican army, at the latest accounts, was
slowly wending its way towards Queretaro. They
numbered less than 3,000 men, under the command
of General Herrera. Santa Anna, it was very gene-
rally believed, was making his way to the seaboard,
for the purpose of embarking to a foreign country.
Other accounts describe him as making another
stand at Puebla, where, however, the American
army was said to be so securely posted as to defy
attack.
According to the New York Herald, there was no
prospect of peace. The Congress would meet at
President, and it is
Queretaro, with Pena y Pena as
said that no single Member of it would vote in favour
of acceding to the terms proposed by Mr. Trist. The
cession of New Mexico at any rate was out of the

SATURDAY, OCT. 23, 6 P.N.
Quotations for all kinds of stocks are slowly but
steadily settling down. There was a small panic in the
street to-day, and the decline became general. At the
first board Long Island fell off f per cent. ; Haarlem,
; Norwich and Worcester, j ; Canton, ; Reading
Railroad, 1 ; Pennsylvania. s's, ; Illinois, 6's, ; In-
diana, s's, 1. Farmers' Loan and Treasury notes
closed at prices current yesterday. The transactions
at the decline were not very large, and there appears to
be no disposition to force stocks upon the market at
present prices. Many holders are under the impression
that prices may go down ; but, as the decline would
only be hastened and carried to a greater extent by
filling the market with stock, they prefer holding on,
and patiently wait for an improvement.
At the second board prices rallied a little. Haarlem
advanced per cent. ; Norwich and Worcester, ;
Reading, 5-6 ; Farmers' Loan, I ; Long Island, if.
The demand for exchange for remittance by the
French steamer has been limited. The Missouri takes
out a considerable amount of sil►er in five-franc pieces.
Remittances of this coin are continually going on ; and
the shipment of any amount is not calculated to create
any fears in financial circles. It is a species of merchan-
dise in which there is considerable traffic. Sterling
exchanges continue very quiet. Quotations have, dur-
ing the past week, been steadily settling down, and, as
the season advances rates must rule much lower than
those now current.

FOREIGN EXCHANGES.

On London ...108i to 109 On Hamburgh 36 to 36i
Paris ...sf. 23c. to sf. 22c. Bremen 79 —79 i
Amsterdam 3n to 40
Domestic exchanges remain without any material
alteration, and rates cannot be considered otherwise
than nominal. It will be perceived that the balances on
our domestic trade are generally in our favour.
Uncurrent money is very abundant, and the brokers
in the street have as much offered for redemption as
the.) can conveniently take care of, and the rates eon-
tinue steady at our quotations.
With the exception of a moderate movement in five-
franc pieces for shipment by the French steamer Mis-
souri, there is nothing of consequence doing in the
precious metals. The small amounts passing to and
t'rom Europe by the steamers are nothing unusual; these
movements are continually going on, and have nothing
to do with the regulation of exchanges.
The damages to the public works of Pennsylvania from
the recent freshets have been very great, and happening
at this season of the year, exceedingly unfortunate. The
Juniata Canal is swept from Hollidaysburg to Duncan's
Island, and its embankments washed away in numerous
places. Every bridge over the Juniata is carried away,
and the new aqueduct above Newton Hamilton, rebuilt
about two years since. In some places, it is said, that
the canal is almost obliterated, and the damage such
that it cannot be repaired this season. The Susquehanna
division is not so seriously damaged, although there are,
several heavy breaches at Duncan's Island and above it
that will require some time to repair. It is expected
that the repairs on this division will be made in time to
allow a large amount of coal to be taken to market
before the close of the navigation. The water in the
Susquehanna at Harrisburg was 17 feet above low-water
mark, about 4 feet lower than the great flood of
March, 1846.
The receipts of the Old Colony Railroad for the week
ending Oct. 16th, were 3,623 dollars 63 cents, being
1,157 dollars 88 cents more than for the corresponding
week in 1846.
The directors of the Galena and Chicago Railroad ac-
knowledge subscriptions to the amount of 250,000 dolls.
When the subscriptions shall amount to 400,000 dollars,
we understand the operations will bo commenced.
SUNDAY, OCT. 24, 6 r.st.
Since the arrival of the steam-ship Cambria from
Liverpool the stock market has been very unsettled ;
prices for stocks bare been steadily settling down, and
there appears to be no disposition to engage in 'any very
extensive operations, either in stocks or merchandise.
We do not expect to see any improvement in financial
or commercial matters until more favourable intelligence
is received from Europe, and we can hardly look for
anything of that kind for some weeks, or perhaps
months. The next arrival from England will, without
doubt, give us another long list of failures, and the
effect upon this market will be similar to that experi-
enced upon the arrival of the last packet. No fears
are entertained that we shall be drawn much
deeper into the difficulties which surround the commer-
cial classes of England ; but the relations. of the
two countries are so intimate that we musts be indi-
rectly affected by the ruin which is spreading so rapidly
over Great Britain. If the effect goes no furtiaer than the
destruction of confidence in our own marketelit is of every
serious nature, but it must go even beyond. that. There
is no doubt but that we have been seriosts sufferers in a
pecuniary point of view ; that we have lost millions of
dollars and may lose more ; and that oar trade with that
country must for a time be seriously restricted, prices of
our products seriously reduced, and the demand seriously
reduced in extent. These things cannot but have a very
important influence upon the commercial classes of the
country, and must tend to the contraction of our foreign
trade to a great extent. All these things may be rea-
lised to the extent many anticipate, but we do not look for
such results, unless almost an univorrial state of bank-
ruptcy takes place in Europe ; unless the failures reach
a different class of concerns to the so already reported,
and the real interests and the most substantial portions
of the people of that country bee otne affected by the
financial embarrassments of the times.
The suspension of a hundred or two of the mercantile
firms of England, who have for so mian y years been in a
state of bankruptcy, will not have any-:material influence
upon this country, and the effect thy re cannot but be
temporary, and the result will be exce edinely beneficial
to the world at large. The artificial,, fictitious, rotten
system of credit which has existed for so many years in
London has given a position in the commercial world
to many houses which has enabled tiler a to carry on an
immense business, independent of asa:s actual capital,
and to extend their operations into ev( my corner of crea-
tion, and involve themselves in imn tense speculations.
depending entirely upon bank facil Ries to carry out
their plans. The downfal of these concerns, and their
extermination from the commercial world, must ulti-
mately ;have a very favourable infl .uence upon com-
mercial affairs generally. The first c fleet of these sus-
pensions could not be otherwise than r lisastrous; a com-
mercial revulsion to any extent, from,, :any cause, pro-
duces at first a panic, and for some tii no after a distrust
and a loss of confidence, which for a. ti me exerts a de-
pressing influence upon all classes; bi it as soon as the
shock has passed over--as soon as the, :rotten concerns
have been cleared out, a healthy rea, stion takes place,
and the recovery, although slow, is stir e nod steady. We
look upon the revulsion in England, • which at the last
accounts were in full blast, in this ligh •t, toad the result
will be similar to that predicted.
We have heretofore found the best markets for our
most important staple productions in Gr ea t Britain, and
whatever tends to cramp or cripple that demand is, of
course, for the time, a great evil. Our co tton has been
the most important raw material one c ow itry ever fur-
nished another. The industry of England , has depended
upon it, and her wealth has been increaser 1 enormously
by the addition of that industry to the first cost. It has
given employment and subsistence to mit !ions of her
people, and afforded an important item of t. ansportation
to the commercial marine of that counts y. England
has been such an important customer fel • this staple,
that all others have been made subservient, and we have
been, in a measure, controlled in prices by Li se will of her
manufacturers. It therefore appears plain. t that whatever
affects the demand for this staple in Feel ;land affects
prices in this country; and if the meintr ifacturers of
Europe curtail their operations we mist reduce the
supply of the raw material. It does not, has wever, follow
that the consumption of cotton is reduced: fin proportion
to the reduction in the demands from the x aanufacturers
of Great Britain. A demand for the raw material
springs up in other sections. and the markets
of the world are supplied from ( ether sources.
If the manufacturers of Great Britain w 'ark short time,
and consume one third less cotton than t usual, the sup-
ply of manufactured goods from that source becomes
reduced, and the consumption must b e supplied from
other sources, or reduced to a corres ponding extent.
Notwithstanding the deficiency in the harvests of Eu-
rope generally, the masses have been i n a very prospe-
rous condition, and have been in a position to consume
these fabrics as largely as usual, and tl se demand in the
aggregate has doubtless been as large , as usual. It is,
therefore, a very important question with those coun-
tries which have hitherto imported so , largely of British
cotton manufactures, what increase there has been in
their domestic supply, and what T mogress they have
made in the establishment of manufi ictories within their
own limits. The United States ha re progressed won-
derfully in this element, and anytl Ling tending to de-
press the manufacturing industry of England gives a
great impetus to it in this country. We have no returns
showing the actual increase in this ' branch, but we have
no doubt it has been a very lar so per cent. A few
years will suffice, at the rate we hi. ive, advanced within
the past few years, to place us in. 3e pendent of Great
Britain, not only for supplies of m r,l mfactured goods,
but for markets for the raw materiat
Wall-street has for a day or two been considerably
agitated by the announcement mad e that a letter had
been received from a former Goveri for of the Bank of
England,
predicting a panic in tb e commercial and
financial circles of Great Britain, sr ion after the sailing
of the packet of the sth inst., the) would ruin some of
the most extensive houses in the V .ingdom. There is no
doubt but that such a letter has beenreceived from the