The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-30 00:00:00

that long and arduous service up the Potomac ; he would have
told you that in a tremendous squall the Euryalus lost her bow-
sprit and all her topmasts, and that in twelve hours she was
again ready for work. We brought away a fleet from Alexan-
dria, were attacked going down the river by batteries, built
'close to what was the residence of the Great Washington, and
I was again wounded in that action in the neck. On the pear/.
taking place I went on half-pay, where I remained till I was ap-
pointed to the Galatea, which ship I commanded for three years
on this station ; and I hope and trust I have done my duty
faithfully, during that period, to my king and country."
Despite, however, of this nervous and energetic addre,s, at
the close of the poll, the numbers stood as follow :
Carter......
Baring 6ol
Napier 2lB
The truth is the Captain was new in the field, and his
name not sufficiently known or blazoned ; this defeet was re-
medied by the time of his Greenwich attempt, when, within
the minimum of a few, he reckoned as many votes as the most
veteran and illustrious of his competitors.

NAPIER'S CAPTURE OF THE AIIGUELITE FLEET.

1833-36.

The war of succession in Portugal now solicits attention,
in which the services of Napier as Admiral were more than
usually signal. The hero has told the most of these in his own
blunt, unsophisticated style, and the truthfulness of his unco-
loured narration would form no ill model for historians. From
his letters to the Emperor Don Pedro, and other sources, we
condense this heroic period of his life. In 1833 Captain
Napier succeeded Admiral Sartorius in the command of Don
Pedro's fleet, and after paying his devoirs to the Emperor of
Oporto, he got his fleet off, and shaping his course outside the
rock of Lisbon kept a look out for the Miguelite enemy. Before,
however, the grand action came to pass which so greatly sig-
nalised him, he made, with his party, successful descents on the
coast, capturing Beja, Tavira, Othao, and Faro, the capital
of the Algarves. But the great event drew nigh, and the
famous victory which he achiesed over the more numerous
and powerful squadron of Don Miguel off Care St. Vincent,
which the Gallant Briton, with his brave followers captured
in the course of twelve minutes, by boarding, a la Nelson !
is thus graphically described by himself :
" At eight o'clock on the morning of the 3d of July, the
officers of the watch reported two sail, then three, then four,'
and so on until they counted nine. I was surprised, and, as Sir
Richard Strachan said, delighted ; but the delight was accom-
panied with a disagreeable sort of feeling just resembling the•
sensation of your heart coming up into your mouth, and
requiring a tolerable gulp to keep it down. We were standing
on the starboard tack under courses and top-gallant sails; the
enemy were on the larboard, broad on the lee •bow under their
topsails ; one alone, which we took for the fifty-gun ship, had
her courses and top-gallant sails set, and sailed bad. They
were formed in two lines, having the Don John, bearing a Com-
if.odore's pennant to windward, supported by the Rainha of the
line, the Martin Frietas, and Princess Real. The three cor-
vettes and two brigs formed the lee division opposite the opeii
spaces, all well painted, sails well set, and lines compact. It
was a majestic sight, and I turned the hands up to show the
crews hew well they looked, and to exhort them to pay atten-
tion to the management of their guns as the surest means of
success. I had never been in a general action, and although
delighted at the prospect before me, I could not but feel ap-
palled at their great superiority and the magnitude of the en-
terprise I was about to undertake.
" The breeze was good, the water smooth, not a cloud in the
heavens ; the enemy looked well and firm, and they were
plainly seen training their guns as we approached. It was a
trying and awful sight, and accompanied with a considerable
degree of dread (at least I can answer for myself) ; officers
and men were calm and determined, though aware of the dan-
ger of the enterprise, the success of which mainly depended on
the state we should be in after the first broadside.
" The enemy kept their line close, and reserved their fire till
well within musket shot ; the frigate then threw out a signal,
which we concluded was for permission to fire : the moment
was critical, and wo all felt it.
" The Commodore's answer was hardly at the mast-head
ere the frigate opened her broadside, which was instanta-
neously followed by the whole squadron, with the exception
of the Dohn John, whose stern and quarter guns could only
bear. Poor Rainha !* I looked up and expected to see every
mast tottering ! but the cherub was sitting aloft, and not-
withstanding the most tremendous fire I ever witnessed,
which made the sea bubble like a boiling candron round
her, the smoke clearing away discovered to the astonished Mi-
guelites the Rainha proudly floating on the waters of Nelson
and St. Vincent, with her masts erect, her rigging and sails
only showing the fiery ordeal she had gone through..
" It was now that the frigate flew to, grazing the Rainha's
stern with her flying jib-boom ; the foremost guns were posted
• into her, crammed to the muzzle with round and grape ; the
helm was then shifted, and we ran alongside of her under a
very heavy fire, which struck down my secretary, master, and
many men. The ships were lashed with the main sheet, and
Commodore Wilkinson and Captain Charles Napier, heading the
boarders, passed from the bower anchor to her bulwark, driving
the menacross the forecastle, along the larboard gangway.
" I had not intended to board, having enough to do to look
after the squadron ; but the excitement was too great, and 1
ound myself, without hardly knowing it, on the enemy's

The chief ship of Napier's squadron,

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I.

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forecastle, supported by one or two officers. There I paused,
till several men rushino, .on board, we rushed aft with a loud
cheer, and either passed through or drove a tarty down upon
•the break of the quarter-deck. At this moment I received 1
a severe blow from a crow-bar, the owner of which did not ;
escape unscathed ; and poor Macdonough fell at my side by
a musket-ball. lierradas, the Captain of the ship, came
across me, wounded in the face, and fighting like a tiger.
He was a brave man. I saved ,his life. The second captain
came next, and made so good-natured a cut at me that I
had not heart to hurt. him ; he also was spared. Barradas
took up arms again, and was finally killed in the cabin."
The Commodore aid Captain Charles:Napier, after driving
a whole host before them, fell, severely wounded, on the quarter-
deck. The former with difficulty regained his ship; the latter,
beihg stunned, lay some time, until the noise of friends coming
to his assistance roused him from his stupor.
" The quarter-deck was now gained, but the slaughter still
continued, notwithstanding,the endeavour of the officers to
stay it. The main-and lower decks were yet unsubdued ; and
as the Don Pedro ranged up on the opposite side to board,
both ships fired. rn a few minutes all was quiet ; the lower
deck gave in, and; any of the Portusuese seamen rushed on
the quarter .deck. for safety, with white canvas on their left
arms, having discovered that was the badge worn by our men
in boarding."
This gallant action was ended by the Commodore's chasing
after the fugitive vessels. He followed the Martin Freitas,
and the Villa nor, which was making of, but by ten she was in
his possession.
"Thus finished the action of the sth of July 1836, leaving in
our possessiOn two ships of the line, mounting eighty-six guns
each, including four forty-eight pounders for throwing shells,
one frigate of fifty-two guns, a fi.ty-gun ship, and a corvette
-of eighteen guns; two corvettes and two brigs escaped-; the
two fogner arrived safe in Lisbon ; one brig joined the follow-
in day, and the other got to Madeira. The enemy were
aretply found in every species of warlike stores, and mounted.
step-guns in addition to the full complement on their broad-
sides."
The loss of the squadron was about ninety killed and wounded.
The enemy lost between two and three hundred.
" It is not for me," says Napier, " to comment on this action ;
I shall leave that to the world, simply observing, that at no
time was a naval action fought with such a disparity of force,
and in no naval action was there ever so severe a loss in so
short a time."
After so great and crowning a victory, won by the strength
of his own arm, and the ability of his tactics—having destroyed,
or, for a while at least, crushed the power of that enemy who
resorted to every possible intrigue and machination to under.,
mine the stability of the then established *throne of his Mistress,
the foulness of ingratitude was his ultimate portion, which
eventually so disgusted him as to drive him from their
shores. True, that so long as the sunshine of his recent
success flung splendour around him, and even the
blackest intriguer .at Court could not, being human,
refrain from yielding him just praise, seeing that the
wave was still wet with- the crimson of traitors, and knowing
that, at such a period, their attempts to bias the Queen would
be too frantic and hopeless, they quietly saw him invested with
the title of .Viscount Cape St. Viiiksbrit, and with the Grand
Cross of the Tower and Sword. But no sooner had the won-
der of victory. in some degree subsided, than these lurking
friends of Don Miguel crept like adders around the throne, and
poured the venom of their black spleen into the ears of the
Queen, against the man who had been the means of so firmly
seating her on her long-shaken throne. The cheek of indig-
nation becomes red 'with anger, at the remembrance of such
shameless doings. Napier was at last treated withsrna.rked in-
justice, and when, at . a subsequent period, the young
Queen had her eyes opened, and she became conscious of the
base affronts Which had been put upon him, she requested him
to retain his honours, and ordered all his demands to be granted,
without let or equivocation.

ingratitude of Portugal, however, had made too deep
an impression on the Admiral's mind to be easily erased, and the
death of Don Pedro severed the last link that bound him to
the service of Portugal, and in the November following Admi-
ral Napier returned to Er; land.

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great good humour and patience. His pithy and characteristic
declarations of principle were audible to' the friends imme•.
dia'ely surrounding him, but even this was too great a privi:
ledge to be eijoyed—for first came a lump of mud, and then
a sort of independent firing of stones, till at length a general
volley was given. l'm d—d if we can stand this !" ex-
claimed the gallant Captain, who turned tail, and in an in-
stant the hustings were cleared, although the rush down the
solitary ladder which led to them was anything but pleasing to
those gentlemen who wers not desirous of having their legs
broken.
On the second day, the gallant Captain, who was not going
to allow his Conservative opponent to carry the battle his own
way, brought from the Medea steam-frigate a party of seventy
or eighty seamen, under the boatswain, who soon procured for
the gallant Captain a fair field and no favour. One of these
Jack tars seated himself on the top of the pent-house which
covered the hustings, waving one of the colours which Captain
N. had tak, n from Don Miguel's fleet off Cape St. Vincent.
Three sturdy bargemen of the opposite party climbed up the
supporters for the purpose of dislodging this venturesome
Napierite. The first that came within Jack's reach went down
to the ground much sooner, than he came up; the next shared
the same fate ; and the third retreating left Jack in undisputed
possession of his elevated position. This little adventure, as
may be suppo- el, excited much fun, and was considered as an
omen of the Gallant Officer's success.
Capta'n Napier is a stout man, with an intelligent face, the
head poked rather forward, and with dark hair, now becoming
grey. On the occasion of his election, he appeared in an old
blue frock-coat with brass navy buttons; duck trowsers, not
rivalling the snow in whiteness ; shoes patched, but very
eas), ; and white-cotton socks, carefully if not comfortably
darned. On his left breast dangled a profusion of orders
blazing in their brilliancy, yet serving only to render more
striking the tout ensemble of seediness, which this true "British
Tar" presented to the admiring crowd of the " beauty and fa-
shion' of Greenwich and Deptford. The whole was crowned
by a round hat of most manageable brim, of whose colour the
only adequate description must be given in the language of the
Latin poet,—
"'Qui color albus erat mine est contraries albo."
And there stood the man, pelted by the bargemen at Green-
wich in a paltry election squabble, on whose cool head, ready
harp!, and unflinchitrg heart bad depended the destinies of a
nation—one who hcd gained more victories and made more
captures with less loss of life than any man had ever done be-
fore L-a man quick to plan, prompt. to execute - whose very
ashness was a carefulness of consequences, and who; when he
struck a Wow, always weighed how much depended upon that
blow being at once decisive. Luckily for him he was not re-
turned for Greenwich, the numbers voted beine. thus
Attwood 1,361
Barnard
Napier
So that the dirty denizens of that shore-going vicinity can
boast no hero for their Reform representative. The defeat,
nevertheless, in this case, was very nearly allied to victory.

NAPIER AT BEYROUT AND ORNSCHOJOUEN.
In 1839 be was appointed to the Powerful, and when she
came to Portsmouth tor 'her- crew, the following characteristic
and somewhat prophetic bill was issued :
" nanted active seamen for the Poterful.
" Captain NAPIER.
" The Powerful is a fine sli:p, and in the event of a war will
be able to take her own.part."
It was the flag of this fine-built vessel that was now destined
to flout the skies of Syria, and to wave triumphantly on the
top of Acre's formidable bastions. It would require glowing
colours and no feeble painter to describe in adequate and im-
passioned terms the grand things which were effected by
Napier in these Eastern regions. The. naval crown which
already graced his broW was bright and sparkling, but the -
gems which he added to it by his exploits in these parts were
yet more brilliant by many degrees. There is a species of
chivalry, almost amounting to romance, in the various inci-
dents that are toll ri him in these Oriental combats. It stirs
up the heart like a trumpet to read—of the camp at Djournie,
where Napier is described as working in his shirt sleeves, up
at six in the morning, encouraging, urging, compelling all
to labour at the fortifications, and himself setting the exam-
ple—of the storming of Sidon, of Jaffa, of Tsour, and of
Caiffa. It was at deeds like these in the olden time, that our
streets blazed with illuminations, and a rapture like fire ran
through the British population : it was at actions like these
:that the shoe-buckles a our fore4thers cracked asunder
:through their uncontrollable joy at the triumphancy of Bri-
tannic arms, and which invested the name of England with
so appalling a majesty as kept the nations in awe, and bowed
them into homage.
The first affair which redounded to the fame of the Com-
modore in these parts was the march upon Bey rout. 'ibis
place, the ancient Barytus, pleasantly situated as any
town in Syria, stood on the verge of a beautiful plain,
varied with small hills, and extending to the foot of
Mount Libanus. The surrounding country was covered
with kiosks, and enriched with groves of vines, olives, palms,
and orange trees. Its population was estimated at ten thousand
souls, of whom the Turks formed one-third. it was this
place that formed the grand entrepot of the commerce of the
Druses and Maronites, from whence they exported their cot-
tons and silks, which they exchanged for the corn of I3ekar
and Havarau. Cairo, Damascus, and Aleppo also largely drew

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from it in exports. This redoubtable city, wh'cli during the
Holy Wars was the scene of the fabled -victory of St. George and
the Dragon, was again, like ins symbolic serpent, destined to
fall a second time undet the overpowering might of another knight
of Christendom. Napier, on the 9th Oct., having directed the
Emir Bechir to join him on the heights of Ornsehoi.uen,
arrived at tke tenth on their summits, when they found
to
their surprise that between 2,000 and 3,000 men had planted
themselves in a position that appeared unassalable. The at-
tack began by short skirmishes. Heavy firings suceeeded. The
hi;l v.a.: crowded by our battalions, who, on coming into con-
tact with the enemy on its top, soon gave the affair a precipitate
termination, and caused the Egyptians to ground their arms:
A second attack was made on the remaining troops, and in less
than half an hour it became a total rout, the enemy leaving all
their bagqagc, ammunition, and provisions. Night put an end
to the pursuit. Ibraham Pacha, who commanded, escapid with
a few men. and the rest dispersed, leaving between six and sevea
hundred prisoners. March was now made for Beyrout. The
late defeat had struck its garrison and inhabitants with terror.
It evacuated to the British troops, and this stout citadel became
our prize. The effect of these successes led to the entire dis-
organization and submission of Soliinan Paella's army, to
the amount of nearly 3,000 men, and the whole of his artillery
and stores. Napier landed at Djournie on the 10th of Sep-
tember, having made about 5,000 prisoners, and increased his
numbers by about 5,000 deserters who had come over.
Immediately after receiving the intelligence of the capture
of Beyrout, Lord Minto, the first Lord of the Admiralty, paid
to the lady of the gallant hero the greatest compliment ever
yet received by the wife of a naval officer. This lady, the
widow of Lieutenant Edward Elers, R.N., the captain married
early in life. Lord Minto, or the above occasion, posted down
to her residence at Horndean, to announce to her that as a
testimony of their Lordships' approbation of her husband's
conduct, they had appointed her sun, Captain Charles Napier,
to a ship; as well as to convey to her an expression of the
obligation of the Gorernment and the gratitude of his sovereign.

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Napier. No maritime achievement was ever more splendid
than this, which demonstrated to the staggering faith of the
politicians of Europe that nothing can withstand British genius
and valour.
How important is the possession of this fortified citadel,
Daniel Clarke, the traveller, has forcibly related. The pee,-
se,sion of Acre, the key-stone of the East, extends the influ-
ence of its Governor oven to Jerusalem. It enables its pos-
,essor to shut up the country, and keep its inhabitants in sub-
jection. All the rice, which is the staple food of the people,
enters by this avenue. The Lord of Acre may, if it so please
him, cause a famine to be felt even over all may,
Djezzar
Paella used to insist that the key of a public granary is the
mightiest engine of military operation, and thus it was that
he, an old man pent up in a small tower by the sea-side, pos-
sessed so extraordinary an empire. Hence, too, we find Acre
to have been the last place from which the Christians were ex-
pelled from the Holy Land; and hence its tranquil possession,
notwithstanding the insignificant figure it makes in the n.ap of
the great Asiatic Continent, is of more importance than the
greatest armies, under the most victorious leader ever sent for
the invasion of the country.
Commodore Napier on this memorable occasion headed one
of the two divisions, and would not cease his fire till every gun
of the enemy was silent. The order of the engagement was
thus :
On the 30th a general order was issued by command of the
Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, thanking the fleet for
their zeal and exertions ; and on the same day a council ewer
was held, at which an immediate attack of Acre was decided
on : the same evening the supernumerary marines were em-
barked, and on the following day about 3,000 Turkish troops,
each ship taking a portion according to her size, General Sir C.
F. Smith accompanying them. In the afternoon the steamers
Gorgon, Vesuvius, Stromboli, arid Plicenix started for their
destination.
Shortly before sunset the whole anchored off the town, the
forces then assembled consisted of the following vessels :
, Princess Charlotte (Flag), Powerful (broad Pendant),
Thunderer, Bellerophon, Revenge, Edinburgh, and Benbow of
the line, Castor, Pique, Carysferte and TalbtobtefTriguartkeiss,ga
Ha-
zard corvette, Wasp brig, and the steam frigates Gorgon,
Vesuvius, Stromboli, and Phcenix ; the Austrian frigteGuerriere, and Medea, and a eorvette, and
Ad-
miral and cutter tender. At fifty minittes past one, on No-
vember I, the Phenix opened her fire ;
utnhdeerPowerful, closely
Thwould be as Bellerophon,
well to state,
arlodtte(,it
afonidloep-cidqulniy,
stthnecdPtnrinthenesns
northward (twoit
sea----one to the west
hanerdet,htheantttihinertotownthpenersensuthts
),
andthe north-west angle of the town, in threei)arpdeanr
ndamanodehohreefdnrooff.
The Castor, the Carysfort, Talbot, Benbew, Edinburgh,
asp, and Austrians stood in for the
Revenge was
was ordered to keep under
weighsouth Turkish
face. Admiral,
rrhe
as a reserve. At a quarter past two o'clock, the batteries to
the south opened en the Castor,
the admiration of the whole fletiestooskheurupand
with tt
no
most
tegair stationiaatlY'
about 700 yards of the batte • ries, where she and her consorts
opened their fire, as had also by this time the northern division.
The steamers were laced
a
o
weigh, and thus the
1 cti between the two divisions under
possible to attempt a desc:? became general. It would be im-
but had those who have description of the scene at this moment ;
heretofore doubted the bravery and
constancy of the Egyptians, then witnessed the a a fire
kept up by the batteries, they would longerbenimaptteical as
to their courage and endurance. About three o'clock the Re-
venge, was ordered in by Commodore Napier to support the Pow-
erful s division, and took up positionahead of that
admirable
ship. At twenty minutes past four, the action being at its height)
a terrific explosion took place in the town, which for a time
wholly concealed it and the southern division from view. Its
appearance was truly awful, and "1 can compare it to nothing,"
says an eye-witness, " but as if a huge yew-tree had suddenly
been conjured up from the devoted town ; it hung for many
minutes a mighty pall over those hundreds it had hurled into
eternity ; and then slowly, owing to the lightness of the wind,
drifted to the southward."
It proved to be the ex 'onion of the principal magazine of
the place, one-third of which it destroyed; and from a whole
regiment having .been quartered in a khan immediately ad-
joining, it is supposed from 1,500 to 1,700 soldiers perished in
the ruins, besides' a number of camels, horses, bullocks, and
donkeys. After this fearful event, the fire from the southern
batteries nearly ceased ; but the western one still kept it
up with animation, and was answered broadside after broadside
with redoubled vigour and tremendous effect. Shortly before
five the Admiral made the signal to discontinue the engage-
ment ; but from the smoke it could not be seen for some time
by the Powerful's division, which continued until half-past five
to tire at the few remaining guns which still maintained the
action, after which not a shot was fired either from the town or
fleet. Shortly after a boat pushed from the Captain of the
Port, to say that the Egyptians were leaving the tows, and
that if a party was landed at the water-gate it would be found
open. This was of course immediately done, and 300 Turks
and a party of Austrian Marines took unopposed possession.
At daylight the remainder of the Turkish troops and a consi-
derable number of Marines were landed, and quietly marched
into the place.
Thus fell the far-famed fortress of Acre, after a bombard-
ment of only three hours' duration. Any attempt to describe
the awful scene of destruction that presented itself would be
impossible, says an eye-witness. From WO to 1,700 are
supposed to have perished by the explosion of the maguine,
and abo4t 300 were killed in the batteries ; 3,000 prisoners

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