The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-05 00:00:00

THAMES.

Stauro Cuzzi, a Greek, and captain of the Grecian
brig Belle Esperanza, from Malta, was brought be-
fore Mr. Yardley, charged on a Custom-house in-
formation with illegally unshipping 1501bs. of cigars
in the Downs.

Mr. Beverly, clerk to the Soliciter of Customs, ap-
peared on behalf of the Crown. Mr. Hobler attended
for the defendant, and Mr. Major, Consul-General of
Greece, was also present.
The circumstances which gave rise to the prosecu-
tion of the defendant and the seizure of the vessel
under his command were detailed in this journal of
Friday last. It will be recollected that on the ship
arriving at Falmouth, she was boarded by the Cus-
tom-house officers, who finding an unusual quantity
of cigars shipped as stores, suspected that an at-
tempt wculd be made to run them on the voyage, and
placed under the official seal in 11 sacks 19,000
cigars, leaving 5,000 more for the consumption of the
crew. All hands were at the same time warned not
to break the seals. On the arrival of the ship in
the London Docks only two sacks with the official
seal on them were found, and the whole of the cigars
amounted only to 6,500, leaving a deficiency to be
accounted for of 15,.500, which the crew, fourteen in
number, could not have consumed at the liberal al-
lowance of twenty per day, the number alleged to b. e
smoked by each man. Inquiries were made, and in
consequence of information given by two seamen
Nicholas Stonut, the chief officer, was first proceeded
against, and upon conviction was sentenced to six
months' imprisonment and hard labour.
Giorgio Snarovitch and Francisco Kovanovich, na-
tives of Dalmatia, who gave their evidence in the
Italian language, which was interpreted, repeated the
statements they made on Thursday—that while the
vessel was lying at anchor in the Downs on the 18th
of September, a boat came alongside three times dur-
ing the day—on the first occasion with four men, on
the second with three men, and on the third with
two men. On each occasion two men came on board,
and received from the mate in the cabin a great many
boxes of cigars, which were deposited in bags, carried
into the boat, and covered over. The mate bargained
for the sale of the cigars, and received gold from the
boatmen. The captain was present in the cabin when
the cigars were handed to the men and the bargains
were made, and it was urged by Mr. Beverly that he
was fully aware of what was going on, and acquiesced
in the transaction.

Mr. YARDLEY said, there was one new feature in
the case—that the cigars were transferred to the boat
in the boxes, and some other variations, but it must
be remembered there were continual interruptions of
a somewhat indifferent interpreter, who acted in the
spirit of a partisan last week. He thought would
have been more suspicious if the two foreigners had
literally repeated the same story as they had done on
Thursday. If they had done so it would have been
said they had their lesson by rote and invented state-
ments.

Tomaso Casingenna, the Italian pilot of the Belle
Esperanza, who brought her from Malta, was called
merely to prove that the ship was in the Downs,
within a league of the coast of Kent, on the 18th,
and after he had done so he was cross-examined at
great length by Mr. Hobler, with a view of showing
that the two seamen who gave evidence for the Crown
were ill and confined to their hammocks on the day
in question. He answered with great caution, and
said the men were ill, and he only knew of their
coming upon deck when a pressing necessity com-
pelled them. He was alternately in the cabin and
upon the deck on the 18th of September, and did not
see any strangers on board, but they might have been
conversing with the captain and mate when he was
asleep in the cabin. He believed a boat did come
alongside once, but he saw no one leave it.
In answer to questions by Mr. YARDLEY, the pilot
said there were eleven sacks containing cigars, sealed
by the revenue officers at Falmouth. He could not
exactly say how many boxes were in the sacks. He
believed the sacks contained 150 boxes, containing
100 each box
ttir,
zlobler said, the evidence of the pilot in a
great
measure contradicted the statements of the two
seamen, and trusted that the case would not be pro-
Mr. Beverly
n The
ceeded with.
f
submitted he had proved the case on
the part of the Crow
18th ofa reason he had not put
tahney
sqhuipesvNti,oans sontotthhee pilot
September was, that when
knew nothing, and shrugged "-house he said he
his Shoulders
Mr. YARDLEY—I can't shut my e.„„.,
that he is more reluctant to state the to the fact
real number of
cigars than he was last week.
Robert Gray, a tide surveyor, stated that he found
6,500 cigars on board the Belle Esperanza in the Lon-
don Dock, on the 24th of September.

Mr. YARDLEY said it was a matter entirely for the
Commissioners of Customs whether they would miti-
gate the punishment or not. Certain circumstances,
if proved, drew with them certain consequences.
The only question was, whether the circumstances
did exist. He found they did, nor had he any doubt
of the scienter on the part of the defendant. It was
his painful duty to convict and sentence► the defendant
to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for six
months, the minimum punishment awarded by the;

FATAL ACCIDENT ON DRILL.... An accident oc-
curred to a party of the 38th depot, at ball paactice on
Monday last, by which a corporal named Bradshaw lost
his life. The manner of its occurrence is best detailed
by the persons who witnessed the melancholy scene, as
given at the inquest, held by C. Wallace, Esq., R.M.,
on the following day. Private Michael Sands, of the
38th Regiment, being duly sworn, states that he re-
collects yesterday, the 20th instant, when deceased came
by his death; that he was next but one to the deceased
when he fell. The party had been firing blank cat tridge
before they commenced firing ball; and, after firing nine
rounds of balls, examinant asked did any other person
want one. Private Lawson said he wanted one, when a
recruit named Bradshaw said he would give him one, when
he did. Deceased asked Private Lawder why he did
not shoulder his firelock the same as another man.
Lawder put his musket at the position for capping, and,
having put a cap on, the musket at full cock, it appeared
to examinant that Lawder was in the act of letting down
the cock of the piece, when it went off, and the corporal
immediately fell. The jury returned the following ver-
dict: —" We find that the deceased, James Bradshaw,
came by his death by reason of a gun shot wound,
accidentally inflicted by Private Robert Lawder, while
practising ball-firing on the 20th of September, 1847:"
The deceased was horn in the regiment at Bordeaux, in
1814, and continued in it up to the melancholy termina-
tion of his career; he was distinguished by good conduct
marks, and was much esteemed in the corps; he has left
a wife and two children to deplore his untimely end.—
Westmeath Guardian.

Tin CANINE POSTMAN.—We (Worcester Journal)
have lately missed from our office on publishing nights
a much-respected customer—who, if not a very " con-
stant reader," was, at any rate, one of our most " regular
subscribers." We allude to a noted little terrier, be-
longing (or rather we should say that 'did belong—for
the poor dog was malieiously poisoned) to Mr. Powell,
of the Cross. This sagacious little animal has for the
last six years regularly presented himself every evening
at our counter, and with an inquiring whine—signifying,
as plain as man can speak, " Is your highly valuable
Journal out yet ?"—waited the moment when his five-
pennyworth should be presented him. The Journal
once given him, no dog, large or small, would he suffer
to approach him, but would gallop off, proud of his
literary burden, and deliver it to his master. The many
feats which this pattern of dogs was in the habit of
performing would appear incredible. He was the general
messenger in his master's househould ; he would carry
letters from one house to another, deliver his correspon-
dence, and return with a reply; he would bring brushes,
knives, slippers—in fact, anything he could carry—upon
receiving his instructions, and was, in short, gifted with
instinct little short of many a man's reasoning powers.
The destruction of the poor animal was, to characterise
it in the lightest terms, an act of unfeeling cruelty.
INSCRIPTIONS ON THE WALLS OF SIIAPSPERE'S
HOUSE.—Every inch is covered. Names clamber over
names, in endless confusion of manifold caligraphy.
One side of the chimney appears to have been especially
appropriated by theatrical celebrities. Here you find
the names of Edmund Kean, Charles Kean, and several
others, to which have been added, within the last few
days, the signatures of Buckstono and Mrs. Fitzwilliam.
The aspiring hand of Macready has mounted to the
ceiling, while various members of the theatrical profes-
sion (many of them inscribed very recently) are scat-
tered over the walls. The name of Scott, written with
his diamond ring, is traced upon the window ; and
Schiller?, stands out on the side-wall in bold relief from
amidst an indefinite group of ambitious obscurities. All
classes and orders of men and intellects are here clus-
tered together ; minor poets (I detected one or two
nestling in the corners), statesmen, actors, gentlemen
at large, dramatists, people of some repute and people
of none, famous men and noodles—a just reflection of
the universality of that genius to which they have
all come to render homage, after their own speciali-
ties.—Atlas.
RESTORATION OF STEPNEY CHURCH.--In accord-
ance with a request on the part of several correspondents,
we journeyed last week to the old church at Stepney, to
learn what was being done, and found it completely
gutted, preparatory to a general restoration. The
galleries, which projected in front of the arcade columns,
are taken down, and though unfortunately there are still
to be side galleries ; these are set back three feet from
the columns, and supported independently. The present
west gallery, which projects over the space of two bays
correspondentsof
pe w
raig i'a
tne nave, is to be removed, and a small ~ne, projecting
but afmlittle from the tower, is to be substituted. The old
the body of the church, which one of our
feared
ceilings o
woufldthbee put
roofs upaaregatio be
again, is
rteomboeved
re-
modelled. The
far as w© can learn:eand stained, &c. In short, as
as
thecichurch will be restored to its
and the timbers expo
circumstances will permit. Mr.
original state as fully
needs careful handling-. •
The
Viennabuilding
the
appears
Ferrey is the architect ern
to 13- in a very shaky state, inet
ATh
leoßu
du Builder.
bo7tnhe
explosion was heard in
caused by the bursting
ult.t)
f the
boiler
ot
iul
er turned eot if
aoul,t,ct,o)mhoatvivee
n afteritz
Railway, which had been placed apartise nn
ainanads hGold° having come in from a journey,
were carried through the roof to of, the pieces
a great distance, but
fortunately no person was hurt.

Act. He felt great pain. in inflicting.such a sen- A:MAN MURDERED by SOLDIERS.
tence, but t was necessary for the protection of the Sas:mean, OCT 2.—One of the most disgraceful
revenue that such offences as these should be severely aggressions which has occurred in this town for some
punished. j considerable time past took place a few days since,
Mr. Hobler and the Greek Consul earnestly appealed i and was attended by circumstances of almost unpa-
to the alagistrate to suspend the sentence until a peti- ralleled cruelty to a person named Thomas Morton, a
tion was sent to the Bsard of Customs, but grinder by trade?, who has since died from the effects
Mr. YARDLET had no power to do so. of the violence he received. The nature of the case
It was then represented that the Magistrate could will be understood from the subjoined evidence, taken
remit the hard labour on account of illness, and yesterday evening before the corcner for the district.
Mr. YARDLEY said he would gladly do that, and the Mr. T. W. Rodgers, solicitor, attended on behalf
sentence was altered accordingly. of the officers of the 40th (Foot) Regiment, to watch
SOUTH WARK. the proceedings ; and Mr. Branson, solicitor, attended
William TValls, a well-dressed young man, was on behalf of the friends of deceased.
charged with stealing two leathern bags, containing The first witness examined was Maria Roberts, who
clothes and documents of importance, the property cf deposed that she resided in Infirmary-lane, and knew
Mr. Allen Maconochie, Professor of Law in the Uni- the deceased. On Saturday night, the 11th instant,
versity of Glasgow. she went to her husband, who was transacting some
The complainant stated that he had lately returned business at the Army Hotel. She left, in company
from Italy, and that on his arrival from Dover by the with her husband, the deceased's brother, and two
train at the London-bridge terminus, he left his lug- other persons, between twelve and one o'clock on the
gage on the side of the platform in order to hire a cab Sunday morning. The deceased remained in the
to take him to the west-end of the town. He had not house for a few minutes, when he followed, walking
been gone exceeding a minute when he returned and about ten yards behind them. As they were turning
missed two leathern bags containing various articles, the corner of the barrack-lane they heard some per-
and at first supposing they were removed in mistake sons singing, and when they got up to them they
by some passenger, he proceeded towards the upper noticed that they were two foot soldiers. The de-
end of the platform, and observed the prisoner with ceased's brother asked them why they were singing
two bags resembling his, but was unable to ascertain songs on a Sunday morning. The two soldiers and
the fact until he stopped him. The prisoner on being the deceased's brother began scuffling together, and
spoken to seemed confused, and laid the bags down, she called for the watchman. After calling some
when he (complainant) at once discovered that time the relief guard came down from the barracks.
they were his own, and that the prisoner carried She was positive they were the guards, as two were
them in such a manner as to conceal the brass of the foot regiment, had pepper-and-salt over-coats,
plates with his name inscribed on them. When and hats on; the other two belonged to the horse
the prisoner was subsequently questioned on the regiment, and had red cloaks and caps. The foot
subject, he said that he had just arrived by the soldiers had bayonets. One of them went up to her
Brighton train, and that a gentleman, a passenger, asked husband, pointed his bayonet, and told him that he
him to carry the bags a short distance for him, which had a good mind to run him through. One of them
he was in the act of doing when he was stopped as said to the deceased, " your eyes, I'll run you
above described. He, however, said that he could through." She then saw the soldier knock de-
not point out the gentleman, and this latter admission, ceased down with his bayonet, and the whole six
coupled with the fact of the prisoner asserting that he soldiers surrounded him. She was unable to see
had come up in the Brighton train, which it was found anything else, but heard several heavy blows given by
did not arrive until after that of the Dover, induced com- them. The watchman afterwards came to the place,
plainant to give him into custody. The complainant and ran to the soldiers.
added that he did not wish to press the charge, as he By the CORONER—The deceased was perfectly
had his property restored, and that he had important sober, but his brother John had been drinking. The
duties to perform at Glasgow, to which place he was two soldiers who first began scuffling had no bayonets
desirous of immediately proceeding. or arms with them. Those who had come from the
Mr. UOTTINGLIAM said that it was important to barracks. She did not see any of the soldiers try to
protect the public from robberies of the above prevent the blows. The deceased had not come up
description, which were of frequent occurrence, and when the affray first commenced.
that he could not think of permitting the prisoner George Roberts, the husband of the last witness,
to be discharged, and let loose on te town again confirmed her evidence, and added that one of the
without punishment. He (the magistrate) had caused soldiers told him that they had leave for the night.
some inquiries to be made respecting the prisoner Witness had been drinking, and could not tell which
since the first examination, and discovered that he soldier knocked the deceased down. He recollected
had told gross falsehoods, having asserted that he that one of them threatened to run him through with
had recently been in the employ of a gentleman his bayonet.
at Cromer, in Norfolk. Unger all the circumstances John Morton, stove-grate fitter, said that the de-
he thought it incumbent on him to send such a person ceased was his brother. On the morning in ques-
for trial, for it was evident he had obtained access tion, when he heard the soldiers singing, he told
to the platform of the railway when the train arrived them that it was Sunday morning, and not a
for the purpose of stealing some of the passengers' proper time to sing. 'They both went towards
luggage, and that his appearance was calculated to witness, and one of them replied that "he could
deceive the people as to his real character. There sing or do any thing else better than he could."
was another circumstance in the case which plainly Witness told him that he thought otherwise. One
indicated that he went to the terminus to plunder, as, of them then laid held of witness by the hair of
a hen he possessed himself of the complainant's bags, the head, and held him down. IN'hen he lett
he took special care, even in the hurry of the mo- hold witness went towards the Barrack Tavern,
ment, to turn that part of them which bore the and at the bottom of the lane he saw four
owner's name on the brass plates towards his own soldiers coining from the barracks. They stopped at
body, so as to conceal it from view. the bottom of the lane, and went up to a man, and
Mr. Maconochie said that he would prefer losing said they had a good mind to run their bayonets
the bags and their contents altogether than to prose- through him. He did not then know who that mat,
cute, as his duties as Professor of Law at Glasgow was. He saw the gun of one of them lifted up over
reauired his immediate attendance at the University the other's head. Heard Mrs. Roberts scream out
to commence his season of lectures. He was aware " Watch !" and Thorpe, the watchman, came up, and
of the importance of a prosecution of this sort, but took one of the soldiers away. He then saw that the
still it was of more importance to him to repair at man they had been ill using-was his brother. He
once to Scotland, to perform duties which, in his was covered with blood. He assisted him up, and
estimation, were paramount. He therefore trusted conveyed him to the Army Hotel, and he was put to
the magistrate would deal summarily with the charge, bed. A surgeon had attended him, but he died on
and permit him to proceed on his journey. Thursday.
Mr. COTTINGIIAM at length assented, the solicitor William Thorpe, the watchman, said that, about
of the railway company having stated that the direc- twenty minutes past one o'clock, his attention was
tors were only anxious to consult the convenience of attracted by hearing a female scream. He went to
the complainant on account of the onerous duties he the spot the sound came from. He there saw a man
had to perform in Glasgow. on the ground, and a soldier on the top of him. He
The prisoner was then asked what he had to say in seized him by the collar and pulled him off. He
answer to the charge, and his reply was, that he had asked him if he was going to murder the man ? when
been given the bags to carry, but could not bring he replied that he had been insulted. The sergeant
forward the owner ; that he could bring forward no soon came up and insisted upon witness giving the
witnesses on his behalf, as he was an utter stranger soldier up.
in town. Corporal Johnson said, that on the morning in
Mr. COTTINGIIAM said, that it was with consider- question he was on duty as sergeant of the guard at
able reluctance he consented to deal summarily with Sheffield Barracks. He ordered privates John John-
' the case, as he had no doubt the prisoner was con- son and John Greene to take their bayonets off their
nected with confederates in robberies of the above fire-arms and put them in the scabbards. They did
description, and that the public had a right to be so, and went with witness through the gate. A few
protected from such plunder. It was a fortunate yards outside he heard a disturbance on the road.
circumstance for tke prisoner that the complainant Near the Barrack Tavern he saw the watchman and
was not in a situation to prosecute him atthe sessions, private James Rennyson. They had hold of each
for if it had not been that he was called away to at- other. The watchman was pulling him, and he was
tend his professional duties in another part of the resisting. He directed the guard to seize Rennyson,
kingdom, he might depend upon it that he would have and to take him to the guard-room and place him
been sent before a jury for trial. The sentence there- under confinement, which was accordingly done.
fore was, that the prisoner be committed for three Two men, Mulrannon and Rennyson, are now in
months to the House of Correction. custody ; they had leave of absence that night. He
inquired of Rennyson how the affair took place. He
said that he was coming along with Mulrannon, and
they went to the Barrack Tavern to get a glass of
ale, but could not, as the place was locked up. As
he was coming away he was struck by a civilian and
knocked down, and he fought the best way he could
out of it, and was taken by the watchman. Mulran-
non said that he took no part in the fight, but got
some blows, and made the best way he could to the
barracks to inform witness. When he came he told
witness that some civilians were beating his comrade.
The CORONER said that they were placed in an
awkward position, the two soldiers being in custody,
and they could not hear the evidence against their,.
He should, therefore, adjourn the inquiry to a future
day.

The inquest was accordingly adjourned.

BRUTAL MURDER.
(From the Carlisle Journal)
Much excitement was created in this city on Sun-
day morning last by a report that a woman had been
found murdered in a field near Greystone- cottage, on
the Blackwell-road. It appears that as two men of
the name of Hodgson were taking a walk, about
seven o'clock in the morning, they saw a woman's
bonnet and shawl, and a quantity of human hair,
lying on the hedge at one side of the road, and a
sheep's liver near them. On looking around they saw
in a field on the opposite side of the road the body of
a woman, lying, apparently dead, with her bonnet and
cap off, the latter saturated with blood. The men
immediately gave an alarm. On raising the body up
they found that the woman still breathed, but ap-
peared to be totally insensible. She presented a most
shocking spectacle, her face bruised and covered with
blood and dirt, and her dress torn and disordered, and
parts of it covered with blood. She was immediately
removed to Greystone-cottage, and a messenger dis-
patched, for the police. Two officers were speedily
upon the spot, and one of them returned again to the
town for a surgeon. On his way up to Botchergate he
found a man, having the appearance of a travelling
tinker, drunk, and creating a great disturbance, and
took him into custody. The man subsequently turned
out to be Peter Bailin), the husband of the murdered
woman.

The woman was removed to a lodging house in
Botchergate, where she died in about 10 minutes,
without haying exhibited any signs of consciousness.
Inquiries were set on foot, and the following par-
ticulars obtained :—The deceased and her husband
were travelling tinkers, and with their two children,
and in company with Charles M'Minnis, his wife, and
four children, had arrived in the neighbourhood on
Friday, and pitched their tent in a bye lane, near
Durbar. On Saturday morning Hanlin and his wife,
and 111‘Minnis and his wife, came to Carlisle, leaving
their children in the camp. They were all seen in
the course of the day wandering about the streets in
a state of intoxication, the deceased carrying small
articles of hardware for' sale, and, in particular, being
very drunk. About four o'clock they left the town,
and deceased attempted to ride on a donkey, but fell
off, and had to be supported, or, rather, dragged
along by her companions, and they then started
forward again on
their way to the camp. After
proceeding about a mile, the two husbands
appear to have quarrelled, or got up a fight.
I\l‘Minnis had a whip in his hand, and was
seen to strike Hanlin a blow on the head with the
butt end of it. They then rose, shook hands, and
declared themselves good friends, Hanlin bleeding
from the wound in his head. 111`Minnis and his wife
went forward, leaving the deceased sitting against
the hedge, too drunk to proceed any further, and
her husband standing near, also much intoxicated.
Hanlin was also seen striking his wife, and heard
threatening to take her life, by persons passing on
the road.

The parties appear to be all of the lower class of
travelling tinkers. M'Alinnis and his wife were both
taken into custody on Sunday, but liberated after the
adjournment of the inquest. On the person of
.M.Minnis was sound 161. and a few shillings. A very
severe wound was observable on the forehead of
Hanlin, which he says was given to him by four
men who, he says, attacked him and his wife, but
which there is little doubt is the effect of the blow
given with the whip by M'Minnis. He is at present
very unwell from the effect of this blow, and is not
entirely out of danger.
A coroner's inquest was held on Monday, and
was resumed on Friday ; after a lengthened inquiry,
a verdict of wilful murder was returned against T.
Hanlin.

A few days ago a large whale was left by the tide
between Hilbre Island and the sand-hills at Hoylake.
Ile was seized by some parties, who extracted upwards
of fifty tuns of oil out of the animal, which now lies on
the 84W1-1415 at 110Y1wke.—LivorpoolAThions

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.
CITY, INI(ENDAT EYEINIZCG.

TIMES..—This has been one of the most extraor-
dinary days ever witnessed in the Stock Exchange.
Owing to the way in which they have been taken by
surprise, the parties called upon to repay loans to the
Bank (upon a possible renewal, of which they had
calculated up to the 14th of October) have been com-
pelled to part with stock and Exchequer-bills at any
prices, and the dealers, seeing their position, and par-
ticipating, moreover, to some extent, in the panic,
have made their own terms. Hence, at one time,
while the quotation of Consols for money was 83k,
the price for the account was 841, the difference being
quivalent to the rate of interest of 36 per cent. per
annum.

At the commencement of business the market
wore an appearance of comparative firmness, Consols
having opened at an advance of a half per cent. on
the closing price of yesterday. But from 84i they
dropped almost immediately to 84/, whence they
rallied to 841. From this point a general demand
for money set in, and the pressure gradually in-
creased until the price went to 831. Towards the
close of the day, however, another rally took place,
and they left off at 84 to I. For the account Consols
began at 84-1 to 85k, whence they declined to 841,
the final quotation being 841, buyers. Exchequer-
bills during one portion of the morning were almost
unsaleable. The first quotation was 20s. to 103. dis.,
and they were afterwards sold at 275. dis. In these,
however, as well as in Consols, some reaction took
place, and the last price was 265. to 20s. dis. Bank
Stock left off 190 to 193 ; Indian Stock 222 to 227 ;
and India Bonds 30s. to 20s. dis. At the Bank the
pressure for discounts was extremely heavy.
The excitement caused by the urgent demand for
money has been increased by two additional failures,
the first being that of Rougemont Brothers, an old
established house, whose liabilities are supposed to he
of moderate extent ; while the second is that of J9lin
Thomas, Son, and Lefevre, which will prove ex-
tremely serious. The liabilities of this firm upon ac-
ceptances amount to 350,0001., of which 150,0001.
fall due during the present month, 120,0001. in No-
vember, and 100,000/. in December, and the imme-
diate cause of the stoppage is understeod to have been
the non-receipt of expected remittances from their
house at St. Petersburgh. By many persons, how-
ever, the business of the house has long been supposed
to have been extended beyond the amount warranted
by its capital ; and it is, therefore, feared that
the results will not prove so favourable as
•night have been expected if the disaster had
originated in some merely temporary circumstances.
l'he blow is expected to fall most heavily at Man-
chester, whence the firm, in connexion with Messrs.
i)e Jersey and Co., have been large exporters of
,cotton-twist to St. Petersburgh and Moscow.
Within a recent period they had erected a cotton
spinning establishment at St. Petersburgh, which is
-tated to have cost 60,000/., and which (this branch
if business being known to be one of the most pro-
ritable in that city) added considerably to the confi-
dence of those who regarded the position of the
'louse as a sound one. John Thomas and Co. is the
itle of the firm at St. Petersburgh, and it has two
partners, Messrs. Maingy and Forcemann, who are
.iticonnected with the house in London, but as it is
lot expected that they have independent capital to
any extent, and as the present suspension has been
iaused by their want of punctuality, there is little
:own to hope that the event may be mitigated by
anything that may transpire from that side. It may
he added, that notwithstanding the distrust which
las been felt in some quarters, the firm have gene-
rally been held in much esteem, since (setting aside
the undue extension of business to which we have
►lluded) then• are believed never to have mixed in
speculations of any kind. This, however, rather adds
to the apprehensions that may be entertained as to
the ultimate liquidation, since there can be little
doubt that, from the feeling entertained for Mr. Le-
' Fevre, any reasonable assistance would have been at
, his command if the difficulties of his house could have
been clearly shown to be such as by time and good
management might have been overcome.

the closing quotation 841 As the settling takes
rilllce on the 16th instant, it will at once be obvious
that the price for account has been entirely sup-
ported by the speculative operations, and chiefly
under the impression that the executive Government
will, in one form or other, interfere in order to sup-
port commercial credit. So long as the Bank of
England was able to make advances upon Stock and
Exchequer-bills on loan, leaving only a small margin
below the market price, the jobbers were at no loss
to purchase, without hesitation, to any amount. But
now when they are limited to their own re-
sources, it is easy to perceive that the price of public
securities must reach their level, as compared with
other property equally secure.
In order that the actual state of the money market
may be understood, it may be necessary to explain
the principle upon which a large amount of the dis-
count business of the metropolis is transacted in or-
dinary times. In the ordinary course of business it
is estimated that the London discount brokers, or
rather discount bankers, transact business to the
amount of 150 millions sterling per annum, exclusive
of the regular banks. The capital to carry on this
important branch of trade is almost exclusively de-
rived from money lodged by depositors, either re-
turnable at fixed periods or on call, and in
this way the subdivision has been extensively
useful. A large portion of the money is often
furnished by the country banks situate in dis-
tricts where surpluses are being thrown off, and
bills are re-discounted for other banks in districts
where capital is deficient. The London discount
houses, in consequence of their always paying depo-
sitors within a small fraction of the interest current
in the market, have of late years been growing rapidly
in importance as the most efficient distributors of
capital in the world. In the ordinary state of things,
they often receive large advances from the Bank of
England on the deposit of commercial bills lodged as
security, accompanied with their own guarantee, and
their profit is made from charging their clients ap-
plying for discount a little higher than the Bank rate.
Now, in the present state of discredit all these
houses may be said to be virtually annihilated for all
practical purposes. Nearly all their deposits have
been withdrawn, and thus the means of discounting
commercial bills to the extent on the average of about
half a million per day is extinguished. Bankers and
merchants are compelled, for their own security, to
call in and retain their resources, and keep them
under their own immediate control until the storm
blows over, so that in such an emergency there is no
resource for them but the Bank of England, or a
most tremendous sacrifice of their property. To
such a length has mistrust been now carried that the
latter resource can scarcely be considered available
without producing ultimate ruin, whilst, on the other
hand, the Bank of England is disabled from affording
the required aid by the shackles imposed by the Act
of 1844. There is no other alternative, therefore, but
to relieve the Bank from these trammels, tempora-
rily at least, or to permit the sacrifice of hundreds of
industrious deserving families that must soon succumb
to the storm.

The Liverpool letters received this morning give
the particulars of the stoppage of Thomas and Henry
Murray, a highly respectable firm in the East and
West India trade. The occurrence is attributed to
the failure of Samuel Phillips and Co., and the lia-
bilities are stated at 150,0001., of which 130,0001. is
upon acceptances. Their balance-sheet is understood
to show a surplus of good assets to the amount of
80,0001.

With regard to the general bills which have ma-
tured to-day in consequence of its being the 4th of
th© month, it is understood that, on the whole,
they have been met in a very satisfactory manner.
Advices from St. Petersburgh to the 24th of Sep-
tember quote the exchange at 38 5.16 to From
Riga, under date the 25th of September, the ex-
change comes 38t. All the markets were very flat.
Supplies of new flax seen were coming forward, the
price being 6i roubles per barrel.
Papers from the Mauritius to the sth of August
refer to the dulness which had prevailed
in business during the previous month, though
it appears that usually there is not much doing
at that season of the year. The weather, however,
having proved exceedingly favourable for the new
crop of sugar, it was anticipated that before long
there would 1:e increased activity. In political cir-
cles a movement was being made for petitioning the
home Government in favour of establishing an elec-
tive council. A return of exports and imports for
the year ending July 5, showed the former at
1.569,2131. 14s. 10d., and the latter at 1,234,6001.
12s. 10-1.

Accounts from Rio de Janeiro have been received
to-day, via France, as late as the 13th of August.
The Antelope steamer, which arrived out on the even-
ing of the 10th, would, it was thought, sail on the Ist
of the following month for Liverpool. The rate of
exchange 111 on England was 27+d. Freights were
firm. The Penguin packet, with the July mails, had
not reached Rio at this date. In reference to the state
of affairs in Buenos Ayres, it is added, " there is no-
thing new fromLa Plata."

The adv ices from Constantinople of the 17th ult.
mention the unfavourable effect which the news from
England of failures, coupled with the circumstance of
3 destructive fire at Pera, had exerted upon the various
markets of that city. The transactions in grain were
of the most limited nature, purchasers for export hav-
ing recently dwindled to a low point. From Smyrna
also, under the same date, it is stated that the mer-
cantile interests were greatly alarmed for the result of
the depres.;ed condition of business here, as it was ap-
prehended that the little activity just then apparent in
the fruit trade might be interfered with. Wool was
quoted 150 to 155 p.; Payambol silk, 130 p. The rate
of exchange on England at Constantinople was 110;
and at Smyrna 1081 to 109.
The Alexandrian letters of the 19th of last month
merely intimate the absence of any remarkable fea-
ture in the position of business. Wheat was selling
at from 50p. to 58p. ; beans were maintained at from
550 p. to 53p.; buyers having taken
,small quantities
for shipment to the Mediterranean. Freights were
declining. For England I Os. to 9s. was the quota-
tion for grain, and id. for cotten.

We have received a number of letters expressing
surprise that meetings have riot been held in the
metropolis to urge the necessity of a relaxation of
the Bank Charter and Currency Acts on the imme-
diate attention of the executive Government. We
have no difficulty whatever in assigning a very suf-
ficient reason for this apparent apathy. There is
no Chamber of Commerce or other commercial
corporation in the metropolis that can make a col-
lective or concentrated movement, and individuals
are deterred from making themselves prominent
from an apprehension that it will be presumed
they are actuated by the difficulties of their own
position. If the Chancellor of the Exchequer, how-
ever, infers from the seeming indifference that there
is nothing very materially wrong or urgent to be
redressed, he has no just conception of the actual state
of things, nor of the extent and strength of the opinion
which exists that not a day should be lost by the Go-
vernment in taking the responsibility of relaxing the
currency restrictions in order to restore confidence.
The lesson conveyed by the operations on the Stock
Exchange to-day will probably, however, come a little
closer home to the conviction of Sir C. Wood than the
fall of a dozen mercantile and manufacturing houses.
The commercial intelligence received by the Indian
mail is as favourable as could have been expected,
considering the state of things at home when the
last accounts reached there from England. We
are now, however, witnessing the results of the
continued sales of our manufactured productions
below cost price in the Asiatic markets—results
which for upwards of three years past we have with
every convenient opportunity pointed out as certain ;
but our admonitions remained unheeded, until the
sad reality has left no room for scepticism on the
subject. In the teeth of those admonitions mill was
added to mill in Lancashire, with a degree of rapidity
beyond all former example, whilst the merest novice
might have seen at a glance that it was in the nature
of things impossible they could obtain equivalents of
corresponding value for their products throughout the
globe. There is in reality, therefore, no roum for
congratulation on the tenor of the accounts, and more
especially when we consider the results which must
follow the occurrences which have and are now taking
place at home.

CIIRONICLE.--On the Ist of October the price
of gold in Hamburgh was 433 per'mark, which, at the
English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 10id. per ounce for
standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 9, and the
exchange at Hamburgh on London, at short date,
being 13 11, it results that gold is 0.92 per cent.
dearer in London than in Hamburgh.
On the 2d of October the premium on gold at Paris
was 8 per mille, which, at the English Mint price of
3/. 17s. 10id. per ounce for standard gold, gives an
exchange of 25 35,, and the exchange at Paris on
London, at short date, being 25 45, it results that
gold is 0.40 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris.
The aspect of the Money Market has been gloomy
in the extreme to-day, but a trifling amendment
was perhaps visible towards its close. The Public
Funds, as will be seen by reference to our quota-
tions, have again declined, and the extraordinary
difference of 1 per cent. between Consols for
money and the account has, we believe for the
first time since the disastrous season of 1825, been
the rate of business transactions. Ten per cent. has
been paid for money in the Stock Exchange to-day,
and its scarcity throughout the City has rarely, per-
haps never been exceeded. The cause for uneasiness
did not however stop here. We have much regret in
announcing two failures which were made known
during the day—one of Messrs. Rougemont, Brothers,
of Broad-street-buildings' exchange brokers ; the
other of Messrs. Thomas, Son, and Lefevre, a house
connected with the Russian trade, and we understand
importers of cotton twist and sugar into that country.
The large outlay by the firm in the establishment of
a factory at St. Petersburgh is the cause which, we
have been informed, has led to this disaster. This
day, as the 4th of October, is usually important as
regards the number of bills which become due, to
which the present occasion formed no sort of excep-
tion. We hope, however, that our anticipations of its
having passed over witholt serious difficulty may be
found realized to-morrow morning.
lIERALD.—The proceedings on the Stock Ex-
change have exhibited features to-day which have not
occurred for a long series of years. From an early
hour in the morning sales of Consol stock for money
continued to be pressed upon the market until the
price went down from 84i to 831. At some periods
of the day the difference between the money price and
that for account amounted to one per cent., the said
difference being about the rate of 45 per cent. per
annum. Exchequer-bills were at the same time
pressed forward for sale until they were done at 275.
discount, and considerable amounts were offered
that could not find purchasers even at that rate.
India Bonds went down to 255. dis., and the jobbers
would not make any nearer price for Bank Stock
than Si. between buying and selling. The range of
Consols for the account was from 851 to 84k, and