The Sun.
London, England, 1847-05-27 00:00:00

THE Str

At this season of general deficiency and scarcity,
when thousands of our countrymen are unable to pro-
cure a sufficiency of even the humblest and plainest
description of food for their families; when trade is
paralysed, and the immense quaniries of gold (i he
only circulating medium whic'a the absurd restric-
trions imposed on our currency by the several sta-
tutes reliving to banking allows us,) is daily exported
from our shores in exchange for tine cereal products
,of other lands, it byconies the most serious duty of
the Legislature to restrain, by binding and strinent
enactments, every description of waste whersby the
food of the people is diminished, and the exigencies of
the nation increased ; and also to suspend or abrogate
every existing law that may possibly lead to similar
results. .Many of the most exalted in our land have
taken the initiation in placing their own households
on limited allowances. Our gracious SOVEREIGN,
ever foremost in the cause of humanity, has set
the example. The order has been issued
that the quantity and the quality of the
bread and flour used in the palaces shall be reduced—
that no individual shall be permitted to receive more
than a pound of bread in the day, and that second
quality flour only shall be used for any purpose in the
royal establishments. The precedent thus set, has, as
might easily be imagined, been extensively followed.
It is 1 oked on as a religious duty by every head of a
family to abolish all useless sad unnecessary expendi-
ture in his own immediate circle, to abridge, as much
as possible, the outlay, even for necessaries. It is by
such means only that the diffioulties of uur position
can be successfully encountered, that the most heart-
rending misery and suffering can be averted from our
poorer brethren. There is not a sufficiency for all,
And unless the wealthier will consent to curtail a por •
:ion of the cunsuniptien usual in ordinary periods,
some must be left with 'tit enough to keep life and ,
soul together.
While such economy is rendered necessary, it
weted indeed be a mockery to continue a sys-
tem that occasions the greatest injury to the
;rowing crops, a system that damps the energy and
checks the spirit of the farmer. Too often he finds
on the arrival of the anxiously-expected harvest the
fallacy of the in which he had indu:ged; in
place of obtaining an ample return for the labour and
capital he has expended in the cultivation of the soil,
he finds the chief portion consumed and destroyed
sy a ssperabundance of game and vermin, which he
lures not get rid of. No; they must be retained for
his landlord's sport, and to his cost he finds that
sport invokes him in utter ruin.
Some estimate may be formed of the injurious
streets o this extraordinary quantity of game, and the
lam age thereby occasioned from the case of THOMAS
FREDkRICKS, which was heard in the Court o
queen's Bench on Saturday last. Into the Isgal
points connected with that case it is wholly unneces-
sary to enter. The simple fact that a jury assessed
no less than 343/. 19s. for the damage done in two
years by game and rabbits to the lands in the
occupation of the plaintiff's tenants, or 160/. 12s. in the
first, and 183/. 7s. in the second year, is amply
sufficient to awaken the public indignation, and to
direct attention to the monster grievance-
183'. 7s. damage in one year to a few farmers, in a
moderate s'zed manor ! What must be the amount
of injury throughout the kingdom in general, what
would be a fair per tentage at which to estimate the
annual damage done in proportion to the value of the
crops, or at bow much per acre might it be assumed r
if the average loss should merely be set down at ls.
aer acre; and we believe there is no practical agri-
-ulturist who will not say that sum is very far
)elow the mark, we find at once that 1,750,000/
erling is annually wasted for the gratification of the
ssildiab vanity of the landowners—that they may lx
,tabled iecord the large quantities of game that
'eve been butchered at their battues. This is hide-
,endent of tee enarrnous cost of the establishments ee
.atnekeepers,acc., deli-eyed by the landlords out of i hair
:,rivate resources, and the still more objectionable
s‘utlay oeeusiuue,i by the support in prison of the

Madrid pipers of the 19th instant have arrived

The Alinisiers, who all went to the Prado on the

18th in order to recommend the KING-CONSORT to re-
pair to Aranjuez, and reside in the same pala .e with the
QUEEN, have not succeeded in attaining their object.
The Heraldo says, " lie did not deign to accede to
what Ministers demanded." Vrior.to the visit of the
other. Ministers, Senor SALAMANCA had a long inter-
view with the KING, and represented to him that 46 a,
Spar.iard, as a loyal sulject, as a soldier, and as a
prince, he should be the first to obey the
orders of his QUEEN, and shed for her cause
the last drop of his blood." On the re-

turn of_ the Ministers from -the Prado
another Cabinet Council was held, after which Senor
PACIIFCO and Senor SALAMANCA set off for Aranjuez.
The KING demands, as the price of his reconciliation,
the removal of all the present members of the roya
household, and the appointment of a Camarillo of his
choosing. The " Palace question,' as it is called, ex-
cites extraordinary interest in Madrid. A guard of
honour has been sent to the Prado, out of respect to
the KING-CoNsoar. The Popular publishes a letter
from Aranjuez, which states that the Qusszi is in an
" interesting situation."

The marriage of Don ENRIQUE has been officially
notified to the nobility. The permission to return to
Spain, which Don ENRIQUE asked for on his mar-
riage, has, it is said, been refused for the present.
Generals CAMBA, ESPINOSA, MONTERO, PEROL, and
CENDRERA, have all been restored to the rank
which they had been deprived for their fidelity io
EsPARTERO.

The Heraldo publishes a letter from Catalonia,
stating that TRISTANY, who was reported some day,
ago to have been shot, was on the 11th at the hea,,
of a band of 300 men.

MADftID BoLsa, MAY 19.—The Three per Cents. were
done at 301% for cash ; the Four per Cents. at 183,4 ; the
Five per Cents. at 19 ; the Debt without Interest at 574 ;
and the Coupons at 16.

We have received the National, the only political
paper published in Paris on Monday, the other
papers having kept holiday in honour of Whitsun-
tide.

On Monday the debate in the Chamber of Depu-
ties commenced on. the proposition of M. GLats
BIZON on postal reform. The proposition is opposed
on the ground that it is not safe to risk a defalcation
in the revenue at the present moment. Un this sub-
'Kt the Natianal as the following article:—
" Whit has been the influence of the general receipts
,f the tariff -if 1827 which the Government persisted i,.
naintain ne? An augmentation of expenditure rat
superior to the increase of the revenue. Couipare, ter
uistai.c., the produce of the customs. fore.-ti, regis,
mtion, arid indirect taxes, with those of the Post
)fliee; and the in'enu ity of the latter will be at tina
ppa,ent. 6:ill wore, whilst the lour imposts of which
we have just spoken give eaeh year more considerab.t.
profits to the Treasury, the rervice of the Post-office
a Om. does not follow that a,c,:nsional progress. Or,
shy e-ntrary, its expenses augment in the propt;rtions of
tin per cent.; whereas the improvement in the receipts
is Only 26 per wtt., so that the Administration, in wish
ing to remain stationary, retrogr,clos. But to what other
4:dose but the great elevation of the tariff can this result
ire attributed? It is not, besi'ies. a new fact in politica!
,conc:m as it has been constantly seen that excessive
taxes end in a diminution of reetipts. France claims
the honour of having led the way in Europe in organiz-
ing a post-office service, but her imitators have singu-
larly gi ne beyond her. Everywhere a progress has
teen made; vie alone have stuck fast in the old path
The folk ing is the aternge postage at pre:ient Feral
ing atuo st the principal nations:—
Englan ... uniform postage ... ..• 10c.
Yrussi ... 8 zones

Hurnerous victims of the game code, and in the union
.vorkhouses of their helpless and unprotected wives
1-id families. Every consideration demands the total
inviiediate ab,dirion of the iniquitous system. It
nei her just nor proper that we should place ternpta-
, oh in the way of our brethren, and then punish
with unrelenting severity the fault we have ourselves
(=slimed. But person i who are oblivious of such

uosequenees may, perhaps, be awakened to the

cub ry ii jury that .oust be occasioned to the

.ouetary affairs of the country, our trade and con►

,erce, by the necessity of exporting nearly
2,.000,000/. annually in gold to supply the deficit
~ca.sioned by the damage to which we have alluded,
consent to a revision of the laws that are fraught
ith NUth baneful results. iVith what con •

... __. _...
Spain ... ... ... unit.= ••• ••• 27
United States ~. 3 rules ... ... 29
Sardinia ... ... 7 zones ... ... 34
Awrist ... ... 2 r lik,s ... ... 34
Russia ... ... unitorin
... ... 40
France ... ... 11 zones (tariff of 1827) 42
flits comparative table shows that _France is not even on
1. level with the powers which she has left so far behind
her in the career of political reforms. The Government
of July has shown less liberality than Austria and Prus-
-ia. The tariff of 1827 has n I only the effect of placing
is in a staie of inn riority relative to the rest of the
world, but it places us on a strange contradiction will
in ielves. Few persons are aware that duriNe: the la.t
oentury and a half we have actually retrograded in postal
'natters. According to the tariff of 1673, the p9stage of
single letter was fixed, according to the distance, at
:rum loc. to 25c.; in 1705, at from 15c. to 50c.; in 1759,

Ateney can any man abridge the quantity of food

hi 6 family, and, by continuing to pre

erve his game, Maintain a nuisance that con-
that
-.limes twenty times the quantity of human food
be saved by such abstinence ? The adoption ot
,ach a course must he cothli,iered as the vilest hypocrisy,
how can the Leilislature continue the game-laws
Lii their present condition without laying themselves
~,,;lectively open to a similar imputation ? We trust
hat we shall see many who have erred, chiefly from
want of thought, submitting with a good grace, and '
"luntarily giving orders fur the destruction of the ex-
,esi of game and vermin of every description on their
respective estates; and also that measures will be in-
troduced into Parliament for a Sweeping and efficient
measure of reform that is so urgently required.

.0. from 20c. to 70c. The revolution took place, and in
1798 a new tariff, having for basis a single letter, weigh-
ing' a quarter of an ounce (7i gr.), and e,tab;ishing
twelve zones, fixes the postage at from 200. to 75e. The
year after the zones were reduced to four, and the post
age raised from 50c. to If. 25c. In the year IV. the
Council of Five Hundred, considering that it is ar
important for the good of the service as for the interest
of the Treasury to re establish an equilibrium between
the receipts and expenses of the Yost-office,' declared
'hat something
roeuegelhettitem T
o be dohnee
paetetoeng7 as,wandreaidsed a
he opttds
follows :

A remarkable feature of the present session l
hat, in the midst of the great and complicated que
s.
'ions which have been forced upon the attention of
the Legislature, consequent upon the fearful visita-
tion which has produced such terrible sufferings
throughout the whole of Ireland andportions.of Scot-

Ist distance, from 10 sous to 2f. 20 sous.
2d IP 15
34 „ sf.
4th »lf. to 7f. 10 sous.
1£ 5 sous to 10f.

of the noblest heroes in the British navy, and Nand, and compelled a review of the entire social
second to that system of the United Empire, one.of the most philan-
is invested with a glory only
of the greatest warrior of the sta. In the thropic measures ever submitted to Parliament has all
records of our naval Actiot a none are more conspi- but passed the Rubicon of legislation, and will as-
cuous for calmness almost incredible, for audacity suredly become in a short time part and parcel of the
alue.st insane, ft,r enterprise the most continual law of the land. We allude to the Ten Hours' Fee-
-1 alai the most chivalrous, than the achievements per- tory Bill. It was not only not immediately connected
f armed in the war vevstdv of England by the Earl of in its nature with the extraordinary political exigen-
DuMDurAI.D, when Lord COCHRANE. Those achieve cies which the Senate have had to consider from the
meats might surely have sheltered this valiant servant very commencement of the session, and which still
of the Crown from the odium of professional degrada- continue, in a great degree to demand the most
tion and the miseries of Ministerial neglect. The careful deliberation of our lawgivers, but it was also a
prowess by which he had so repeatedly maintained measure which its most devoted advocates well knew
the dignity of the realm, forwarded the interests of would meet with the keenest and most vigi-
his compatriots, and covered himself with perpetual lant opposition, at what time soever it
glory, might surely have saved him from thirty years might be urged forward. Considering the
of anxiety, of official contempt, and of apparent perplexed state of Ireland, the extent and variety of
public debasement But no; that anxiety has been the schemes introduced with the view of improving
experienced, that contempt has been borne, that ap- it, some of them being of immediate necessity, while
parent debasement has continued during thirty others were meant to be of a permanent character,
years, and only after passing unscathed through this —considering the unsatisfactory complexion of our
terrible ordeal is the sin of the State confessed, and foreign relations as connected with French intrigue
the victim of its persecution restored to the knight- in Spain, regarding also the great amount of ordinary
hood he had won at the point of his keen sword ! routine business which must be yearly gone through
Why, liosclusixo might as well have been branded in Parliament, and recollecting, likewise, that Sir
as infamous by the refugees of Poland, or DUCUES- ROBERT PEEL was known to be hostile to the mea-
CLIN have had his baton as Constable of France sure in question, it evinced great boldness in Mr.
broken ignominiously over his head ! Why, BOLIVAR FIELDEN and his faithful coadjutors to press on
'night with equal reason have been scouted from the the Ten Hours' Bill under such untoward circutn-
shores of South America, or the golden slurs might stances ; and it is somewhat marvellous to think that
as lief have been hacked from the heels of sir success has, notwithstanding, virtually crowned their
PHILIP SYDNEY ! humane efforts. A few weeks back most people, re-
All undeserved imputations, however, have been fleeting upon the foregoing, and aware that the Prime
removed from the character of Lord DONDONALD, 1 Minister was desirous of limiting the time of youth-
and his name iv virtually declared to be as untar- ful labour in factories to eleven instead of ten hours,
niched as any upon the book of Peerage. What is would, if their opinion had been asked, have declared
particularly worthy of consideration, too, in the act that if the measure passed at all, it would be only in
of the SovEßEics, and of her MAJEsTr's Ministers, is the shape to which the first Minister of the Crown
that the Earl of DUNDONALD is restored to the had declared himself to be favourable. The juvenile
original lustre of his position, and is re-invested with working classes will, however, shortly obtain the
toe star and ribbon daring a period of maritime boon of having the period of their daily factory
tranquillity, when no sentiments save those of abstract labour restricted to ten hours. This triumph
truth, uninfluenced by the motiies of convenience, can therefore he only attributed to one circumstance,
could have elicited the acknowledgment of his and that is, the justice and righteousness of the
wrongs and the satisfaction for so many indig-
cause itself. To relieve the youthful factory-workers
ni is. Lord DuttaaosALD may now rejoice in the
from excessive toil by legal protection is so maei
festly conducive to their social, moral, and religious
glory with which his own genius and valour have
improvement, and to the well-heivg of society at
adorned his history ; he may rejoice not merely in
the certain admiration of posterity, but in the present large, that an earnest and persevering appeal to the
and cordial admiration of his contemporaries. his sympathies of Parliament, supported by such luminous
brilliant career has been nobly consummated by the arguments as Mr. MACAULAy urged in favour of our
complete vindication of his actions, and by his double
investiture, as it were, with the emblems of national industriou '
s artisans was certain of gaining the ulti-
gratitude. In the conduct of the present Cabinet he, mate acquiescence of Lords and Commons in Mr.
FIELDEN'S prepost.i. The Central Short Time Corn-
inay hate a foretaste of the applause which will be
given to the memory of his heroic life by future mitre! of Yorks have already held a general
meeting upon this subject, and, in a most grateful
generations. . _

spirit, have unanimously passed appropriate resolu-
tions, expressive of their unfeigned thankfulness for
the manner in which our Senators have responded to
the prayers of the manufacturing population. The
philanthropic wisdom of Parliament is thus early
receiving its choicest reward in the gratitude ane
,steem of the working classes.

A Berlin letter of the 19th informs us that the
General Diet had just passed a vote, with only three
rdissentients, in favour of a project for the establish..
ment of differential duties as an encouragement to
the mercantile navy, and has also declared in favour
of a new augmentation of the duties on linen and
cotton thread, with a stipulation for the remission of
the duty in case of re-exportation.
The Assembly of the States of Wiesbaden, in their
sitting of the 19th, adopted unanimously the proposi-
tion of M. &is, for an application to the Govern-
ment to re-establish the law on the press of the sth
May, 1814, and to intervene with the Germanic Diet
with a view to obtain the abolition of the censorship,
and a general law for the regulation of the press.
M. DE STRALENIIEIM, Minister of Justice to the
King of HANovEa, died at Hanover on the 19th.