The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-15 00:00:00

No 15,21. i

GRAND SHINNY MATCH.
SHE MEMBERS of the SOCIETY of
_St TRUE HIGHLANDERS, of :whic.h - his Grace the
Duke of Sutherland is patron, will play a grand SHINNY
MATCH, at COPENII A IiEN FIELDS, on FRIDAY first,
the 'lBth inst., king Waterloo day, and they invite their
friends to attend and take a part in the game.
The Members with their friends will dine on the grounds
ater the game is over. -
The Shinny Match commences at 12 NOON and the Dinner
will be on the Table at 5 r. DI.
FORBES IIPNEILL, Esq., President of the Society,
. in the Chair.

It it requested that as many as possible will appear in the
EligYan I Brest.

iiicke;s to be had of the stewards; at the barer Copenhagen
House ; of DONAND CURRIE, Hon. See.
20, Regent-street, June 12, 1841.

.40..ND0N and BRIGHTON RAILWAY
COMPANY..
- TENDERS for COKE.
The DIRECTORS of the LONDON and BRIGHTON
RAILWAY hereby give notice that they are ready to receive
TENDERS f. r a RPLY of COKE for the use of their loco-
motive engines. The coke .must be of the best quality, hard
and well burned. freed from all dust or g-...rtcning, and must be
made froM TatifHd-riioor; Pontops,' or Townley-main, • but if
the part;es should propose: any.. other quality of coals to make
the coke from they must, in their tender, distinctly state and
describe the quality of the coal tenni which they propose to
make it. The tender-must state the price per ton (of 2,2401 b.)
at. whiCh they will Undertake to deliver the coke, either in sacks
of 1121 b. each (the sacks to be .provi.,led by the London and
Brighton Railway Cotpany),.or inthe bulk, at the London and
Croydon Railway. Company's -Wharf; ,on the. Grand 'surrey
Canal, or at the Railway.?.tation,.at New-crosi. Sixty tons of
coke will be required to be delivered as above, on or before Sa-
turday, the 26th of June inst. The supply required fer the
present use will be about 50 tons per week, and the parties ten-
dering may tender for the whole supply or any part thereof.
The Contractor will be required to enter into a bond to make
the-cake of the quality agreed upon,•and to ke-p up the ' supply
to the fun extent of his con'ract. The tenders must be ad-
'dressed to the Secretary. London. and Brighton Railway Com-
pany, 10, Angel-court,-Throginorton-street, and sent in on or
bef,.re Eleven o'Clock on Thursday, the 17th June inst.
By order, THOMAS WOOD, Sec.
London and Brighton Railway Company's Offices,
10, Angel-court, Throgatorton-street, 10th June, 1841.

72:
.ONDON AND BLACKWALL
_ILA RAILWAY.

The DiIIECTORS of the LONDON and BLACK-
WALL RAILWAY COMPANY are ready to RE-
CEIVE LOANS of MONEY, on the Security of Deben-
tures issued under the powers of. the Act of Parliament, in
sums net le=s than 200/., for periods of Three, Five. or Seven
Yen.?, bearing interest at Five per Cent. per annum, payable
Half-yearly at the London and Westminster Bank.
Tenders to be addressed to the Secretary.
'WILLIAM ROUTH, Chairman.
J. WARMINGTON. Secretary.
Offices, 60, Fenchurch-street, June 10, 1841.

STEAM TO GR
BLACK

ALTEIZATION OF T.
Those superior Iron Boats, "
WALL," continue to run on

WEEK
rnom* THE BRUNSWICK rimax

BLACKIVALL.

LONDON, TUESDAY, J LTNE 15, 1841

Monling, past 9

past 10.
Afternoon, past 1.
... v Fist 2.

▪ • fast 5.
... -8.
ON SUNDAYS
Morning, past 9.
past 10.
Afternoon, it past 1.
• past 3.
▪ past 6.
▪ past 8.
past 9.
Very shortly another Boat tri
of starting will undergo a Furth
June 10, 1841.

AVE SEND FROM
: WA L L.
[MMES ON SUNDAYS.
RAILWAY" and " BLACK-

DAYS.
FRO3I THE TEV.RACE FIER,

• • '
TO THE ELECTORS. OF THE BOROUGH OF
MARYLEBONE.
GENTLV.MMI,
EFORE Sir Charles Napier was khoWn as
a Candidate for Marylebone, I hcd been chosen by
Ballot, ss the second Reform Candidate, by the Parochial Com-
mittee of St. Pancras, and the Marylebonc Reform Asso-
ciation, two Societies,
.consisting together of upwards of 00
houmholders. The choice so made had also been confirmed at
a public Meeting of the Electors, at which between two and
three thoueand were present.
• Placed in this position by the 'Reformers of the Borough,
no rep, oath- could haVe been fairly Urged. against me, if had
determined 'to go-to the' poll without coy preyious trial of
• strength between Sir. Charlei -N'apiei and myself • hut, I felt
there was ad •Oblgatien due to the cr.life which I ui hold, PS
well as •tO the numerous and influential body of friends who
supp.,rt me, and 1 therefore; at the e'arliest opportunity, chal-
lenged 'Sir Charles' -Napier to subthit our respective claims to
a public meeting. • ".".
• phis proposal Sir ( harteS Napier declined, for reasons which
have 13::en " .
The Reformers Of Marylebone - will pass their own judg-
ment on those leas-tiS ;' but- lam rejoiced to say that a plan
has been discovercd to Which -Sir.CharleS.Naiier does not oh.. •
jeer, and which Will save (ho Reform interest from the peril of
further division;

It has been determined that a ballot of the Reform electors
shall take pace' on' Welriesday next, at the Colosseum, in the
Regent's Park, and that the Candidate in the minority shall
retire. . •

I thnefore rarnestly call upon the Reformers-of Marylebone
to attend at. the Colosseum on Wednesday, and assert their
right to nominate candidates for their borough, as well as to
vote fir thorn when put in nomination: r :
. My opinioni In favour of an extension of the Suffrage; Vote
by Eall-ot, the Shortening the Duration of .Parliaments, and
an extended system of National Education,. have, I confidently
submit, been proxed,,b,s...nty public conduct. •
Foy my opinions on the Corn-laws, I refer to the. motions
I brought forward in the Anti-Corn-law League, fJr their total
re; cal.

lam opposed to the principle of the Poor-law Amendment
Act, because! it treats honest poverty al a crime. I object to
its' details, 'because it welts to carry.an unjust principle into
effect, by a system of centralizing polder, repugnant to the
habits of the Fewele of this country, and foreign to the insti-
tutions which form the basis cf Ritish -freedom,
Upon these grounds- I respectfully ask for your support on
Wednesday; and I have the honour to btl., your.' Obedient ser-
vant,
• G. A. YOUNG,
Upper Portland-place, Julie 14, 1811. • .

ROYAL .ACADEIVIY, TRAFALGAR-
SQUARE..
The EXHIBITIOS of the ROYAI, ACADEMY is NOW
OPEN.
Admission (from Eight o'clock till Seven, One Shilling.
Catalogue, One•Shillincr.
EN R Y HOWARD, 'R. A. , Secretary.

•
GOVERNMENT SCHOOL of DESIGN,
SOMERSET HOUSE, JUNE 10, 1841.
Notice is hereby given that the PROBATIONARY
CLASS open to Candidates for the Six Exhibitions of 301.
a-year each, founded for the Education of. Teachers in Branch
School; of Design, will be commenced on the Ist of AUGUST
next and not on the Ist of November, rs formerly advertised.
The testimonials of Candidates and specimens of their work
must be sent here en or before the 15th of July next.
WILLIAM DYCE, Director.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITU-
TION, REGENT-STREET.

The FIRST EXHIBITION of C..RY'S DISSOLVING
RJR RERY, illuxuinated by the Oxyhydrdgen t, with
Thirty-eight beautiful ILLUSTRATIONS, in addition to
the DISSOLVING VIEWS. Th., Orrery explained in Three
Lectures, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fr days, at a , Quarter
past Two o'clock, and in the Evenings of Tuesdays, Thursdays,
and :.-aturdays, at Eight t'clock, alternately with the Lecture
on BARWISE and BAIN'S ELECTRICAL CLOCKS, end
other Popular Lectures and Experiments. The PHOTO-
GRAPHIC PORTRAITS, and numerous Works which dis-
play eminent art, science, and ingenuity, the Diver and Div-
ing Bell.

Opens at Half-past Ten o'clock in the Morning, and Seven
o'clock in the Evening. Admission, One Shilling.

QTEAM TO GRAVESEND, from the
BRUNSWICK PIER, BLACKWALL.
For the present an EXTRA BOAT will leave the TER
RACE PIER, GRAVESEND, at Half-past Seven-o'Clock
in the Evening, aid retutr. from the Brunswick Pier to
Gtavesend at Three Quarters past Eight the same evening.

123INKUS'S ELEUTRO-MAGNETIC
RAILWAY TRAIN-CONTROLLER, for Prevent-
ing the Collision of Trains, and Regulating their Speed.

SPIRIT of. the PUBLIC ...JOURNALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS nay- •
CEIRONICLE.—The view which we yesterday took of the
; metropolitan election, applies equally to the coaling `struggle
r throughout the country. Every-where, the choice lies between
a positive good and a mere negatioa, a defined and benefieent
policy, and an undefined party expediency. Ministers have
proposed to increase the revenue, not, by taxing the people,
hut by unta.xing them ;. ;sot l,y buedenine, industry, but by re-
lieviog of burdens, and, relying on its ,',ieherent elasticity for
augmented returns:from dirninished*Osts. For this pro-
posal, Sir Roliert . Peel and his esseadjutors have con-
deroncd them, and they invite he constitute-ides to
ratify the condeamatien. They aciva4e no counter projet ;
they pretend to no more just or adyantn.geous mode of raising
revenue ; they merely say, turn them put, fur they aim at .un-
taxing you. The result of such an a 1
ppea_ would be very
obvious, were it not for three thinos—fir_t,. the power of the
monopolist classes, who share, in the wealth-omfairly obtained
from the community ; secondly, the vague expectancies from
change of the discontented of every sort, expectancies sedulously
ministered to by indefinite expressions cr fallacious promises;
aud thirdly, e that corrupt machinery, which monppo ist
cupidity and the avidity of. traditig... poLti&ars for
place not • fail •to employ to the uttermost. In
these consists the Strin‘etli of the Opposition: Betterto lack such strength than to prevail by' iF. But it is not yet
victor:ous, -and- if there be any public spirit and prineiple.•in
the country, it riefer 'Will. The single known 'point (of a
postivc character) in the policy of the Opposition is, that
they' want to get in. All their premises and all theireoticeal-.
merits, their accusations and their flatteries; tend to thiS one
object.
.. For -this they coquet with Cbartist and bigots, with
the friends of universal suffrage, and the would-be repcalers
of Cetholie •emancipation, with the must violent- supporterS of
the present Co n-law, and with the Most violent haters at the
Poor-law, which derives from that very Corn-law all its strin-
gency.do anything- that can obtain votes against, free trade and the
For. this, they are ready to brilteo bully, cajole, and
Ministry.
POST.—We hope that even • the
111'higelladical party of
London has enough of manliness to be ashaliled oaf tithe Minis-
terial article which " flamed in the forehead " of Yesterday',
Morning Chronicle. We.thought. its sycephanei
she most
disgusting we ever read, until we cameto its blaSl)::.`'lY.
Surely there is enough of sense and reaeonablenessof pro-
priety and decency—in the "Liberal " pinion of the constitu-
ency of London to make them revolt ',against a production
which in one part is wanting in the propeopride of a man; and
in another shockingly isreverential towards the sacred word of
God. The article to which we refer consists of nearly a column
and a half all about the intention of Lord John Russell to stand
for the City of Loudon. . The names. of the other candidates on
the same side of politics are not mentioned, nor their claims
upon the constituency so much as alluded to. Now, with
all deference to Lord John Russell, we. think this exclusive
devotedness to hint is rather too much on the part of the Mi-
nisterial journal. We need not say that our-opinion of the
senatorial value of Messrs Wood, Pattison, and Crawford, Who
at present represent London, at d seek to be re-elected to the
new•Parlian.ent is not very high. • But we aflimiand we
think we are influenced by no party feeling in saying so—that
any one of these gentlemen is a more fit and proper person to
be chosen to represent the city of London than Lord John
Russell. We cannot look upon his Lordship's attempt to get
in for the City in any other light than alit of a " forlorn hope."
His address has something of the neatness of expression which
distinguished the Noble Lord in former times; but, as to mat-
ter, it is mere balderdash. There is not a particle of sense
or truth in the statement he makes by way of excuse for asking
the sußrages of such a constituency as that of-Lenclon.
HERALD.— Should.the treasonable schernes for the repeal
of the Union, whirlh have been permitted to be " zoitated"
with insolent impunity, by the Goverornent of Earl Grey and
all its successors—(with' the exception of the short interval of
Sir Robert Peel's Administration of 1835—for that endured
not long enough to 1 emit of any measures of repression or of
punishment)—should these schemes, by, some oispensation of
an offended Providence, be ever permitted to succeed; we pre-
sume that with the integrit of the empire which it repre-
sents, the Perliamen' of tsreat Britain would foreeo its
" imperial" title. Far distant be that evil day !-111av the
baleful star wht se bad influences are so incessantly ievoked
by the great political necromancer of Derrynane .be
fated never to infringe, in its eccentric course, upon the
orbit within which, we trust, the sphere of the Constitution is
destined still to revolve, through as many ages as msy be per-
mitted to the existence of merely human institutions. In the
mean while we wish that they who too easily lend themselves
to propositions which have nothing beyond their reckless auda-
city to recommend them, would only attach to this significant
epithet—(". Imperial")—in their own minds, some definite
idea ; some standard of appreciation ever present to their re-
collections. For in that. ease it is more than probable that the
crude and dangerous demand for a positive disruption of the
most important of the ties which bind up the component por-
tions of the Ur ited Kingdom in one organised and mighty
state—would be dismissed the moment, it might be presented
to their consideration—eithout further inquiry.

AVI ROUCHE.—New open BAROUCHE.
ALP A most careful'y-built and highly-finished carriage,
completed as a park ca.riage and for posting. TO BE SOLD
or LET on yearly job, with all or any part of its complete ap-
Ointments. • •
43, Crawford-street, Pryanston-square.

CA LCUTTA and DIAMOND HAR-
BOUR RAILWAY and DOCK COMPANY.

Capital, 300,0001., in 5,000 shares of 20:. each.
First instalment Si.
Prospectuses to be had of and applications for Shares to be
made to Mr. W. 11. Green, solicitor, 8, Bairinghall-street,
accompanied by a depAit of D. per share, to be returned if
not allotted.
The allotment will take place from the 15th of June.

TO RAILWAY COMPANIES.
The Proprietors of this Patent will grant licenses to Rail-
road Companies for the use of this invention, the object of
which is the protection of life, by Preventing the Collision of
Trains. By a self-acting arrangement, Trans are prevented
from approaching nearer to each other, even under the highest
speed, than a quarter or a half-mile, as may be regulated, a
preceding train passes an electric current from it to an ap-
proaching one, acts on the alarm to give warning, shuts off
the steam-valve of the locomotive, and puts on all the breaks
of a train ; thus retarding its progress until the preceding
train shall have advanced out of danger. This invention af-
fords better security than night-signals.
Communications to be addressed to No. 4, Trafalgar-square,
Charing-cross. W. BOLLAERT, Secretary.

A NTIONAL LOAN FUND SOCIETY,
FOR GRANTING
LIFE ASSURANCES, DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &e.
No. 2. CORNHILL.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Par:.araent.
FIRECTORS.
T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman.,
J. Ellintson, \I. D., F.R.S. I • JOhn Rawson, Esq.
John Griffith Frith,. Esq. Jehn Riddell Stodart, Esq.
Hunter Gordon, Esq. ClemcnA, Tabor, Esq.
George Lungley, Esq. Joseph -Thompson, Esq.

AO 111 TORS.

Professor Wheatstone, F. Professor Graves, A.M. F. R.S.
ACT U ITY—W. S. B. Wooihouse, Esq., F. R.A. S
.SOLICITORS--Messrs. Sweet, Sutton, Eweas, and Omman-

lower it to 103/ florins, to the great loss of the planters.
This reduced the selling price from 11 florins 74c.- to
_8
florins 30c. per zentner. • .Reccui investigations in
France have shown that a manufacturer in the
.co-
lonies will, under the most favourable circumstances,
produce a zentner of rough sugar at 25f. ; but in general can-
not produce it under 28f., which is neary equal to tho Dutch
price of 11 florins 74e. The freight and expenses to the
French warehouse is about la , while those to the Dutch
warehouse are about 5 florins 14c., so that the price of the
French sugar is increased to about 14f., and that of Holland to
about 361.. The zeniner of beetroot! can be manufactured in
France at about 441., which at first Would be the prise. ( f that
manufactured in .Germany. It is to be seen from these de-
tails that Holland rules the market by a forced production, and
acts on a principle totally different from any which can he en:
forced in the cultivation of the beetrdot. The .Colonist Go.
vernruent compels the production of a certain quantity of sugar
at a price fixed by themselves, and under all circumstances,
while the state stf circumstances will influence the beetroot tied
its manufacture.

• 6 UN.—The toc1; Market was steady all day, altk:ugh
there was rather an increased, demand for Money, on ac,
Count of the wants of some of the jobbers in making-up
their share dealings. The value of the unfunded debt
was ss. to 75.; and of E a4t; ..;ndia • Bonds,nOt'hig-her- than
ls. •dlscOnnt-to par. For Consols fully Saturday's rates
were supported; viz., 89 to 891:for the opeiriug; tkfid-
dividend,'Bank :Stock, in..whiuh,,hoWever,, orit• ere bar-
gain was reported, fell from labs i to 168. The R(7:1:1 (4,:d
Three-and-a-la:If `per Cmits. Were not higher to
97:4; the Three per Cents. brought 87-;- to :3,9, and -I 0n,2,-.
annuities 12.1. to 13-16,
The Foreign Market presented . a slight tendency to
rally, but there was less.doingthan on Satttrday. ,Active
Spanish Bonds •were at 24 for present delivery, and
24 to 2•4- for Account ; the New PortUgneseFive per
Cent's, at 33. to 33 ; the Three per Cents., at 20 ; and
the old Portuguese, 51 ; Mexican at 2717 i ; Colombian
ex Venezuela aLIO ; Brazilian, in which there were a
good many bamtiris, at 64 to 67 ; and the Dutch Two-
per°Cents. 52}t04 .5. . •.
In Railway She,res there was very little pas..ing 6-day
except the Settlement of the account. Great 'Western
-'ere at 26 to 27, the New at 113, and the Fifths 'at 7
^- • the Brighton at 51, the Black Wall at 7, the
bwreemerwich, • New , at 24, and tho Midland Counties at
11 discount.
2,2lerican Bank Shares were 34 diss-
ek.4., and Provincial -13ank=fol
London tJheint- Sh:
1„-.Ing for the latter a slight
, .
premium, 18 `to 19
has -were
Corr')
15 pr(-mium.
Iclornell3Cill:arir;n:ivdicermariSt.teani -Navigation ~

ney, 6, Basinghall-street.
LIFE ASSURANCE.

oxygen.

Besides the perfect security to the policy holder of a large
paid up capital, and accumulating funds, the following is ono
amongst many of the advantages which belong exclusively to
the printinles of Life Assurance and Deferred Annuities ori-
ginated by h. Society, viz.—Power to borrow (without de-
lay, expense, or orfeiture) Two-thirds of all premiums paid
upon a Policy of Assurance.
The annexed is a short Table, showing the Annual Premium
for assuring £lOO on the Whole Life, or for a Term

FOR LIFE.
A. B.
Age. Without With For One For Five
Profits. Profits. Year only. Years only
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
20 1 13 7 1 17 4 0 17 0 0 17 6
30 2 4 4 2 9 3 ' 019 6 1 0 0
40 2 18 8 3 5 3 1 3 10 1 .6 0
50 4 4 2 4 13 6 1 13 0 16 6
60 613 $ I 7 8 4 3 0 0 3 9 6

Two- thirds of Profits divided annually amongst the Assured.
DEFERRED ANNUITIES DEPARTMENT.

By the plan exclusively developed by this Society, a single
Defarred Annuity is made, not only to answer the same object,
but to far exceed in amount the entire benefit of all the ad-
vantages heretofore only obtained by the middle and industrious
classes through separate investments in Savings' Banks, Be-
nefit Societies, and Loan Banks.

FARM LABOURERS INEit.:C•t•

1. A small yearly or weekly contribution will secure the
most ample return for after life; thus-2/.. 12s. per annum (Is.
a week) at the age of 20, will give the policy holder the fol-
lowing option, at the age of 65
Annuity far remainder of life... £47 16 6
Cash
Policy, without further contributions, of 466 0 oat death.
Other periods of life (of 50, .55, and 60) may be also taken
with similar advantages.
2. Two-thirds at any time lent on deposit of policy, being a
fund always available during sickness or Irant of employment.
3. Two-thirds of all payments returned to repres,entatives in
case of premature death.
N.B. Policies, as collateral money.security, for periods of
one to five years, effected at lower rates than are charged by
any other Office, (coS Tables A. and B.), with option of con-
tinuance for Life at the usu .1 rates.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Sec.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS•

num THE MORNING PAPERS CF THIS DAY,

POST.—The principal variations in • the value of
the English securities were to-day in Bank Stock. This in-
vestment was marked, up to a late hour, at the price of 168,
but the market for it became more languid towards the clo. e,
and the final ootation was 167 to 9. The transacti rs were
not important., being confined probably to the roattiue business
of brokers acting for corporate and. other -specific interests.
Bank stock is a heavy security to deal with, and whenever salea
of it have to be peiempturily made the market is presently
affected.

We shell now attend to the farm labourets•s;s-ss• „If .t
contrast is-striking between the English anti Atneritsm
farmer, it is still more so between the farsti4lestsWers ial.C.
f
the -two countries. . In England it is weltivreswt sOtett--''
miserable wages agricultural labourers reci‘ivt s '..ttst.' 4i'r
twelve shillings perhaps the average ;--wiliat*lnstiss fate'
they are obliged to subsist upon—fieslisin4f- ofiee.,94: ,
twice a week, at the-utmost ; and how perpSitlially. ' they
stand in danger of the workhouse, with all; tocir desire
to avoid it, with no education themselves, and no desire ,
to procure any for their children. Here, there is. not it
labourer on the farm who receives less than a:dollar a
day, or 24 shillings per week, while many receive more:;
and those who are permanently attached to' the farm
have wages equal to that throughout the year. 13.. side
this, they have as good living at the fern:-ho
tseits, pros='.
porous 'tradesmen in the middle ranks of life clips- in
England ; three substantial meals a day, and in hay and
harveSt time four, with abundance and variety at each.
At the same time they enjoy the advantages of excellent
schools for the almost .grattutons education of t;seir chil-
dren, neat little cottages for themselves and wives to ,li'f!
in, a little plot of ground for gardening, and privileges
in great number. The consequence is, that the farm-
labourers and their families are all well-fed, Well-dressed,
well-edaeated in all the ordinary elements of knowledge,
intelligent in conversation, agreeable in manners, and as
superior to the corresponding class of farm-labourers-in
England as all these advantages can indicate. Thereswe
no beer-shops at which they spend their substance ; no
'taunts of vice and debauchery at which they concoct the ;
plans of_ the poacher, the smuggler, or the robber. to ;
make up by illicit gains the deficiencies of honest indus- 1 '
try ; and, consequently, no need of prosecutions at the
sessions, with all the array of constables, police, magis- 1 1
tracy, and treadmills, to punish them and keep them in 1 i
order. Nobody talks, or .even appears to think, of I l
house-breakers, and dwellings at distances of miles, apart i i
from neighbours are often left without the doors-being ,
locked or bolted, in summer and in winter, all n;ght long. 1 ',
* * On Mr. Delavan's own farm, there was scarcely a.
labourer who had not money placed out at interest : his
coachman, cook, and house-servants had several hundred
dollars each accumulating in the savings' bank ; and
additions made to this from the surplus of their wages
every year. The gardener and farm-servants were in
the same prosperous condition, and had, moreover, small
plots of land of which. they were the owners.'"—Bucking-
ham's Amrrica. .

By a communication made by Messrs. Lizardi and Co., :.he
agents of the Mexican Government, to the Committee of
Spanish American Bondholders, the fel!owiug facts appear :
The total amount of certificat-s issued in London an.iost. the
customhouses of Vera Cruz and Tampico, is 1,373,006 dol-
lars, of which there had been paid at the said custom-houses,
up to the date cf the advices by the last mail, 1,120,366 dollars,
besides which there have been remitted to the said agents
towards the payments of the dividends 17,715/. 17s. 9d., ex-
clusive of the sum in the hands of Messrs. Baring Brothers
and Co.

The accounts we continue to receive from the manufacturing
districts are of a very gloomy complexion. &vend failures
have occurred in Lancashire, as well as at Glasgow, and the
greatest depression prevails in those quarters in every branch
of business. This adverse state of things is laid hold of by the
antieCorn-law party. It is converted into an argument highly
favourable to their political purposes—purposes which it is
proposed to accomplish through the instrumentality of that per-
nicious medium, popular agitation ; and the pretences on which
they proceed to abuse the public mind, being artfully dressed
up for the occasion, many of the manufacturers have been
deluded into the belicf that the present depression of
the markas is really attributable to the existing
system of duties. Some time ago, the same trea-
cherous chyle singled out for attack the Bank of England
as the unquestionable foes et origo of commercial inactivity;
but being completely refuted in their reasonings upon this
point, by means, too, of the very inquiry which they professed
to be eager to iustitute, they now, with as little honesty and
decency as they at that time exhibited, endeavour to give cur-
rency to the notion that the prosperity of the country consists
in the convulsion of cur commercial and social system, con-
sequent upon a total repeal of the Corn-laws. Such being
the. poition they have assumed, we would earnestly direct
the attention of the more reflecting class of our manu-
facturers, though by no means for the first time,
to an evil which is becoming but too palpably ap-
parent. When we hear of large and powerful joint-stock
banks in the manufacturing eistriets making heavy permanent
advances upon mills and machinery, and of their being re
dueed to the necessity of appearing as creditors for sums of
thirty or forty thousand pounds upon the estates of manufac-
turers who, but for such advances, would either never have
embarked in business at all, or, doing so, long since have sus-
pended, we think we have discovered one main cause of the
tracted difficulties Which have checked the manufacturing
pro_gress of the kingdom.
TIMES.—As, iinconsequence of the. reports that have from
time to time been spread respecting the President, questions
have arisen how far the captain of a vessel is justified ispassing
another ship in distress, and whether such a deviation from
his course as humanity :would demand might not vi iate his
policy of insurance, the following extract from Marshall on
Insurance, a work held as high authority at Lloyd's, may be
cited, as likely to set every doubt at rest:—" The succouring
of ships in distress is a duty which policy, as well as humanity,
imposes on every min who has the means of performing it,.
and a deviation for this purpose being for the common advan-
tage of all persons, underwriters and othere, is justifiable."
Private letters from Rio Janeiro have arrived, of the date of
the 17 h of April, which state that money for business pur•-:
poses was very scarce. First rate commercial paper was not
done under 10 per cent. premium. Exchange upon England
was firm at 301,x, but the operations bad been limited in con-
sequence of the scarcity of cash. The Minister of Finance
hail taken up 630 contos of rcis. in Treasury bills, at 8 per
cent. per annum, and per cent. brokerage. Advises from
Buenos Ayres represent the war with Monte Video as still
progressing.
The Treaty of. Commerce between France and Holland,
lately so much a subject of discussion with the French Legis-
lature, as well as the attention drawn to the article of sugar by
the debates in this country, will render a description of the posi-
tion of Holland with respect to its manufacture a matter of some
interest. According to a German Newspaper lately pub-
lished, in which the subject is considered at great length,
Holland is in the anomalous positicen that while her
sugar manufacture is too extended for present circumstances,
she is compelled to maintain it to its full height. She uses in
manufacture every year above 1,200,000 zentner (a weight of
1001 b.) of raw sneer from her colonies, but consumes no more
than about 190,0001 b., and is therefore obliged to export
1,010,0001 b. It is thus obviously' tbmheeuacbiholteaesies
to get
of
possible;
etridllo°lfla'd t
alli he:
but still
encourage
superabundance, notwithstanding the powerful assistance of
dtahne exhortation
g eerx
tphoatastlimoan spadeill n oats
itselfgone has on
increasing,
been per_
Government. Here she feels the lois of Belgium, which
has reduced domestic consumption one-half, while the pro-
seaneaolianhdas.
'Lurie t itohne of
a usuufgacatru rei in
in
sued on a scale too large for her wants: Already
the' ev;l3 of this iesition have made themselves :apparent,
by failures in Amsterdam and Rotterdam ; ande-though
an obvious remedy would seem to present itself in
the reduction of the manufacture, this expedient• is at-.
tended with more difficulties than are apparent at first sight.
The chief revenue of Jan is derived from its sugar; to that
the whole system of Dutch Colonial Government is- directed,
and the production has increased to an extraordinary degree,
while it is yet impossible to say Whether the maximum has
been at:al:led. On this production depCrathe internal manu- t
facture and commercial navigation of Holland, and any dens.
nution in this respect would produce a most injurious reaction
against two important branches of industry. Hence the luxes_
sity which Ilollend feels for keeping up her sugar manufacture i
in spite of every tUsedvantage, and, as far as her colonial pro-
duce goes, it seems sbe has no rival to fear in the export of her
for Os • i'rene''
sugars,
„ .
colonies do not produce enough for con-
sumption in the mo:her country, and the English colonies
produce scarcely more than is required here. The great com-
petitors she has to fear seem to be the vendors of beetroot
sugar in the German market, and against this article all her
endeavours must chiefly be directed.
Examining the production of Java snore in detail .it is to
be remarked, that the inhabitants are obliged to cover a fifth
part of their estates with sugar, with which they pay their
rent. Produce is encouraged by rewards offered by Govern-
ment, and the planters who produce more than the fills are
entitled to the value of the extra quantity. - The cane is
pre-
pared in private factories to which money is advanced by Go-
vernment, who are repaid in. raw sugar. The whole system
worlis well, while this price pays for . the .pee cess ; but, when
it becomes too low a depression is felt ors every side. For-
merly the price was listed by the Government at 1314 florins
per pikol (1321 b.) ; but in consequence of the decline,
of sugar in Europe the Government was compelled

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PRICE scl

CHEMIS TRY CONSIDERED AS A
BRAN-CH OF GENERAL EDUCATION.
cc,N4 :LUSION or DR. REID'S LECTURES.
On Satnrds y Dr. Reid gave his concluding Lecture at
Willis's Reon is, when he explained the system adopted
in the yntillt Lion of the present Houses of 'Parliament,
in the ventilat ion of the Niger steam ships, the state of
the atmospher: generally on board ships, and the means
by which it. might be remedied. He then entered upon
the general nature of the action of. the air upon organic
products, exelatining the movement that had beer:
traced in the decay and decomposition of animal 'and
vegetable suba'ances, and the connexion that subsisted
between the human frame and the material:: with which
it is surrounde:l. The action of oxygen next. engaged
r4tontion, when it, was shown. that it tended' to 'de-
compose all unit -tal and vegetable substances, and ulti-
mately to produce carbonic acid and water, which beeame
the source of nonr'3lnr.:un and support to a. new genera-
tion. iii iilusira ting these . posit:3,lS, allusion was
make to different processes of art; instituted for preyent-
ing the ekvomriosit ion productionS of the animal and •
ve.,,,table kingdoms ; and nUmerOtts. specimens were
shown where this tentleny2y had been:counteracted by the
addit on e: chernicals to the Inatertal"s it IVas required to `1
v;r,.:.:crve, and in other eases . by the entire exclusion of '
oxy;;en. The first .series of specimen!: consisted of wood,
canvas, cloth, ropes, -yarn, and Other materials, one half'
of which had been protected by Sir fir. Burnett's patent..
whit' the other half, which had not been protected; and.
had been exposed, under similar ci reumstances, exhi-
bited extreme indications of deeomp osition and decay.
Tho. second series were specimens of \ rarious . articles
food, in tin cases, prepared by Mr. Goldner, which he d
been kept there upwards of a year, and w:bieli were pc7 t-
fectly fresh and wholesome, exhibiting in a very mark, xd
manner the importance of a complete -delusion 017

EVENING EDITION.

....__. • - •
personally and practically i' ut,erettO
th at Was not
in the : tir that we breathe, in the water that w e drink,
or in the nature of the earth upon which we tread. 7110
st udv, t hen, of the nature of these external agent. and
of .• the moduction and influence of heat,. ought Legit to
restrirted. ' There was no situation in which they' did
n • of opeizte, and whether we look to the rich or .to . the
oor, to those at home or to those abroad,' to...thoSe..th at
111 the= or to those :that look on, still the .hunnin from e
ins composed of the same materials and subject ,to the
ti ame laws, and it was impossible to turn in .any direction
tr rithout tracing their agency. But many who admitted the
eaportance of the general introduction of the study ot:
s 4 !knees differed much as to the proper period when
it
ight to engage attention. It would be sufficient to
fer to the illustrations given in the practical exercises
,Pe • rformed by the young persons who had operated before
t.ja, 'lll, as demonstrative of the fact that science might
4 taught at a much earlier age than was generally con-
ce, :red practicable. The' boys who had experimented
b ett ire the audiences afforded a degree of proof on We:
ore t that rendered all speculation unnecessary. They,
ad not only comprehended the explanations brow ;h t.
b eeOA 3 them, but had entered upon the various subjects:
I.oul,3l`tt before their attention with an alacrity and zeal.
'hat prt wed the interest they too'; in them—no exhorts-
ion was required to urge them on, no rewards were pro-
etieed.ee• an artificial stimulus to fix their attention, the
si tidies tlo which thev devoted themselves were evidently
.
'ted to their capabilities, and he would be at a loss to.
wh at further proof could be devised en this point..
:It ea. indeed, the undoubted experience of all who had
examt.ned practically the details of education, that in
Life the observing faculties are more quick,
j• more to . receive impressions, and much moft
continuousi `• attracted by external agents than in
.nd the teaching .of the elements:
• amurof
science
yr ii
early life was only following out the coursce
• that-nature pointed of it, and that which in the long run..
.fold Most effectually future life. Till comparatively
• ,MOdern times; reading, writing, arithmetic, and the dead
laforneed the..gr.eat and staple commodities of
lig'laeeducation,ts and certainly nothing could be more int-
•
,aa than traini"e the mind to intellectual 'exertiosi
h,Aiedi in , whatever field it might-Ile
afterwards :engaged, but it was rather strange that
fee things themselves.
that 4111.7tt0 istrrnaLT;hll ja- liectils.sr.teLd occupation of the great
-led from their view—young
bulk of mankind were exAus
persons were taught to read, write,. to weigh, and to
measure, awl to speak in dieeee,lut languages ; but the
thing s about which they were after'arcs, in their seve-
ral occupations, to be
engaged ht ...re.aaing, writing,
weighing, and Ineasuring, were forbOden
they were not •to be touched—thee ground
were not..
to be handled—they were not to be lookecl at. 3:hough,
the hand of Providence had. caused • the light of day to
tly • study their
shine upon
,thi th;

. , .
.a upo,,,,aem a. int man might see them, ,
Previous to the lecture a. number of ,youtteg persers, • nature, sand rejeit 4 121 the blessings that an •au-wise
from dilYirent sehoels.and acadeinieS,S who -hail received.. Creator had thus provided-so bountifully far Ids min-
a few 'lessons in priletical chemistry, still .he was to -be kept in ignornace,
nupe‘xecrfootentid. series meet,
t7t4116- . laws of the material world ; and tae
ofexperimente. according to the.syst- . .
opportunity, of -entering upon the study of such..
De. Reid,• for the general introduction -of chemistry hes! subjects was to be withheld till he should be .:so involved
all schools and academies. They pm-formed experi a„ t .in the business of life that it was difficult or impossible
ments witil air and water, with cambuStibles, and wiah, ' to find either the time er the opportunity to give any at-
I various materials which were tested on slips of glass and. tention to them. - What was the cause of such apparently
o'l Japer. During the short period, when they were,a anonealoassprogeedings ? He believed that many causea
contributed. to this result. In particular a vast mass of
rhhilgaged in these exercises, each of the young Pupils m;
,_, soma) had never directed any precise attention to the
(pert,srmed sixteen experiments, the great object in Dr... ' means by which science could be taught effectively iii
i.acaps sistem being to combine the study of -the theory
and the piamtice from the very commencement. The • early life, and were therefore equally ignorant of the capa-
bilities which it pre
who ,anted,
general introduction. Again,d, and of the advantages that wouldi
- boysnecessarily - attend its
operated appeared to belong to all classes.
of society, said we saw at different times, at the. many lapsed into the fatal error that it would be time to
begin at sixteen cr eighteen utterly overlooking; the fact
,
• same table, the, son '• of a British Peer, and boys.
' that from .the multitude of labourers'j in the field. science
, ..
• from the Britishand7. : e 1, among whom.. in- all its departments has become vast and eXtended,
a Chinese boy attretsatA particular a . ho returns„ , and that it is impassible to enable any . one to acquire a
I, to his native country in a few months. ' -eke boys; .pr9per knowledge of its details who does not embrace
j
•eirearly. opportunity of entering. upon the study of its
meats. Inc age of the boys was from eight to sixteen,. from the National Schoolts also engaged in the experi-
more important branches.
It will give a more precise idea of the mode in which the, Again, in the Various -walks of professional life, how
numerous are the occasions when a knowledge of the de-
n experimental course has been corducted, if we now ad- tails of science are of the utmost practical importance.
Ivert to this more particularly than we have hitherto. i In such eases the question' of the - early introduction of
done. The boys being arranged around a temporary- ' practical science assumes a still more tangible and sixi-
cific form, a, the demands made upon professional mmt
I table, any material is presented to them, and.' '
daily bring increasing evidence that the wants of id cicay they are desired to ascertain all they can as to it so ; in mattem of science ere beyond the capabilities for which:
eaansible properties. They are desired to describ e a proper" edueetidnal 'basis Is laid in early life.' Dr. Reid.‘
its appearance in the first place, and then its : then alluded to a number of facts connected with
mechanical - properties, after which they begin t a .tile time usually devoted to different branches of science
experiment, examining the material with heat, water, tees t by 'professional students, and stated as a general result
hpapers, acids, alkalis, carbon, and nitre. It may here bet that they were hurried through the details to an extent
proper to mention that the nature of the general action; quite incompatible with efficient progress, and that in
-ration,
of these forces is taught in the prelimieary les ' consequence of the general want of previotes prep
sons, and; even college and university courses, instead of lea- ding the
following the pupils are particularly guided by the followin 'student- to high attainments in science,' frequently did
rules in their general experiments. • nothing more than give what could not be c' omi-
t. Heat.—On the application of heat they ascertain if' dared more than the mere elements of science. But
the matter made the subject of experiment be changed in: what could teachers and professors do when their
pupils Ii ;ii •releeivial ne previoaa instruction ? What
its appearance, and more particularly if it be fusible, vo—
(k)isid
.jodf iisehtiar,orhtmathematician would be expected at
latile, or inflammable. The pupils are also instructed.- r and mormge, if none were. to as classics;
in indications produced by heat, which enable them to nor any branch of mathematics (me/tiding arithmetic)
give an opinion as to the matter being animal, vegetable,. before they went there. The investigations of science
or mineral. were not less extensive, nor did they require less care
2. ',Vat/sr.—With this agent the young experimenter-. or preparation, but it was notorious that the time devoted
to them was incomparably more limited, and far below.
examines if the matter be soluble or insoluble, and als,-a'
. the standard that was required for the °relit:are if ally other change be produced.
tairnoses of life. And if they looked to that brand,
3. Test papers—These are coloured paper: with whie h. i of I.,hience which gave a clearer knowledge of the consti-
all substances are tested by applying them along with a, I tution and properties of matter than any other, viz. che-
st:Al portion of water. They indicate by the change V t mistry, and might therefrom be considered as the root
of coheir which they exhibit whether the matter used aml basis of others, it would soon be pereeived how inti-
it was connected with all the various oaeupe.tions
be acids a lkali ne, or aeutral (neither add nor alkaline). : n'atelY
of life. • To the Medical Man it was inch pensa le, but
b
4 and 3. Adds and Alkalls—These bodies are used to the ~:are he received was miserably deficient in conse-
indicate particular properties in the materials testedl, quenee of the went of training in primers, tchoole,
but they arc rarely employed till the pupil is 'weld and the urgent claims of other professional studies
grounded in a knowledge of the general properties ce i when they were commenced. To the architect it
mutter. was highly essential ; without a knowledge of air
Land water, and their chemical relations to eaeh
6. Nitre—This substance is much employed to indi-
par_ other and extominalinatters, end a precise undertanding
cite the presence of intlamniable matters, and more
nature fuel, of the process of c m'dlinstem &c.,
ticalarly carbon, communicating oxygen rapidly to it, greet na.-la ;es must necessarily be committee In erchitcc-
and promoting its combustion. I tural structures, and buildings would still centinue to be
7. Carbon—This substance is equally useful in indil- i .erected with those permanent satins on science and ar- •
clitecture, which would still be perpetuated in the miso
eating the presence of oxygen in such bodies as nitre, v. '
rica of :he chimney-sweep, though these must be greatly
rapid deflagration ensuing when they are heated togethere i
lessened by recent eraetnients. The engineer could not
When the experiments commence each pupil is called
' proceed without chemistry ; he was called upon at all
upon to state in a loud and distinct voice every succ.ts- times to prove, examine, and test the natuee of different
sive change he observes during their progress, and throe materials; which he used; the manufacturer was placed in
first who succeeds in noticing any change shows it tce a similar position, and the merchant also found it ne-
his eeighbours, who then strive to produce a similar cessary at times to direct chemical analyses to be •
made, or to enter upon them himself. The student of •
effect. - In this manner the powers of observation are
uichened. Mental activit and manual dexterit divinihy is not called to attend specifically to such a sub-
qy y go
. 1 ject ; out how often have the ministers of religion, who
hand in hand. The knowledge that is acquired is, rut I have hind a knowledge of such subjects, relieved the suf- -
reality, the knowledge, of actual experience—and no- 1 ferings of the distressed ; and, even in another point of
thing being taught that is not thoroughly taught, view, chemistry has become highly interesting to him,
each succeeding demonstration affords convincing ‘ in
eeh. i as missionaries, in see places, have of late years bee n
dense of its own truth, and therefore finds a ready acmes I instructed in this science on the principle that they
will be assisted in their preliminary communications.
to the understanding. But, while general rules are I with all newly-discovered nations, and, indeed, in
given in the manner described, that the pupils may he •
,„, places where t .e.light of science has never travelled,
Ith • -
trained to habits of accurate observation, the experi- skewing their power over the material world, end
ments performed are selected so as to present a precise poik ting out, when a fit opportunity occurs, the valuable
knowledge of the leading phenomena of nature and of applicaltioas that may be made of materials which, in a
art, and in these performed during the few practical savage ,:tart, man tramples carelessly under foot. But
iva lessons that were given, the nature of air and water, the the minister of religion has not to travel oat of his o
country toil 'aet. the importance of a knowledae of
science. e
e theory and practice of combustion, and the impurities
How a ten does he conduct the sacred ditties
communicated by various processes to atmospheric air, of his service 'in an -atmosphere incompatible with
were the great objects of attention. In explaining the that calm and clear exercise of the intellectual functions
various changes that were shown by the experiments, that are proper 'and becoming in such a placii? How
Dr. Reid constantly referred to a small instrument, oftenis he called upon to address his own congregation -
one of which was presented to all the young persons when he can Theither account for the oppression iteder
attending the course ;it is termed a "chemical abacus," \ 'loch he labour:: personally, nor the apparent
h ej
is auditors? A t:ew experiin ents would soon d ostrate
and with this representations are made of the principal the cause of sucle effects in particular localiz'lliCs ;'h
o
combinations and decompositions that engage attention, wonld then see distinastly how often he had been ad dressing
by placing glass beads, representing the elements, or hiS congregation in an atmosphere loaded with inrauritiee ;
compounds used in different positions, on the wires upon and were he also to attend to those lofty galleries that
Which they are strung. are erected in so many churches in London, he would
DR. REID'S CONCLUDING ADDRESS. "
there perceive the children respiring air that was still
When the various subjects had been discussed that worse, end equally injuring their physical censtitution,
and preventing them from sustaining any cont humus at.:
formed the more specific object of attention in the last
tention .to the service in which they are cearagesa
lecture, Dr. Reid addressed the audience as to the im-
Bnt • let . 'him look to the schools enacted for
poatance of introducing, on an extended scale, instruc-
tions in the elements of science in all schools and aca- < the training of youth, and there he 1%-oula,
often trace the same effects, while in particular PUicu:,s demies. Next to a.proper attention to the revealed word
the severity of the podson occasionally atudashees
teda
of the Creator, there was nothing that so deeply into- tine
forec that the general coaracter of the school is a
rested the progress of society generally, or the welfare
and comfort of each individual man in particular, as a by the vitiated atmosphere respired, and eas!:s are apt:eh:Ll
out, where et en for successive generations tiller! ,
knowledge of the works of that Creator as manifested in ('
hooh
has continued to affect the faculties of
the materials of which the human frame is com-
posed, and the external agents by whith it is sir- But let • him pass to . tee chamber
the dying,
rounded. An eialless variety of comfort or discomfort oppressed, d 3; (thcebesick',
and
m eatai and
the disconsolate, the
is produced, according
-to the extent that he is enabled and there he will tithe, too frequendysn .
often e
ova_
bodily suffering sometimes produced, Wjalusrw,gl
to control their action and render them subservient to Clarke's
ted, by a vitiated atniosphaae.
his own purposes, or as he becomes the victim of their passage occurs in
violent or insidious influence, whether he erishes sad- work, which he had already quot_lend,a
11 1 in low,
denly in their tempestuous action, or is consumed silentlyauthor states
which, when allnding to arsonsya
confined,. and damp situations, the
by ti movement so slow and gentle as to be • imperceptible ~ - - .
without om formal disease, they aae
at first, though death itself might be the bitter portion ' an,; afteia embittertheir life,
subjt to Various complaints a'
to which it ultimately leads. There were f except me- nable of bodily and. ' 1
hielitl
and render them much less c.a.
diced men, who had any idea of the few,
mi- '
Id if placed in a situation more
vast amount of ithey v•ou be
exertion taari serf, discomfort, and loss Of life, even in this country, constitution. For his part, ho (Dr.
that could be distinctly traced to the neglect of external congenial to their-
coneurred in these remarks, but felt
Reid) not Daly ,
agents upon the human frame. In a work lately pub- even suicide itself might occasionally
lislied-e(he alluded to the third edition of Sir James satisfied, thait
bye' the oppression that so often attends
Ciarke's work. on the " Sanative Influence of Climate") be ; pm, acei,n,ii
tr influence of a noxious atmosphere.
—the following passage occurred, referring more partieu- Pre' Peid then tiaverted to the advantages that would re-
laxly to the defective 'construction of d6welling houaes suit to the military and naval service were all officers to
anti the- inefficient means usually provided for ventila-
i obian opportunities of becoming practically acquainted
lion :---j The' consequence is. that the - occupants are with the influences of external agents, that Might be mo-
brea t hing vitiated • air during the greater part of the diti(al in their actions on the human frame. in many cases
night, that is, during almost one-half of . their lives." in distant countries this was no trifling matter.; caa.,:aniellt
This expressed the opinion universally entertained by occur where it might be a matter of life or death to thboe
medical men, and he was assured that those who had under their charge, when no medical officer accompanied
such opinions were equally satisfied at to the extreme theaa, But it was unnecessary to enter into farther de-
importance of providing as pure atmosphere in every tails:- .To any. Who would attentively consider the pre-
case for the, purposes of respiration, but unless people; bent state of society, and the progress of science, it was

_ . .
generally were informed on this point=-unless they not
only' entertained clear and distinct views aS'tn the' sana-
tive influence of climate, but endeavoured also to make
that climate as agreeable to them as pessil4,when they
were not in circumstances' to take advantage of another
such as might be more congenial to their constitution,
they would be continually subjected to evils which might
be ,more or less avoided. Look to the weekly bills of
mortality in this.metropolis ; observe the large amount
of deaths from diseass of the organs of respiration.
I Tow many of these might be avoided were a knowledge
of, the relations. ,of external agents to our own frame
more generally understood ; and even where they could
not be averted, still how much might human misery be
at times alleviated were those who are the immediate
attendants upon the sick more conversant with the nature
of that air which actsinuessantly upon the system, and
which from the moment of birth till life becomes extinct
never ceases to exert • the most powerful influence upon
the health ;. and so intianatcly is our own existence in.this.
terrestrial globe entiVined with its action, that, day
and night, we draw ctph it incessantly, upwards of a thou-
sand times an hour. Some imagined still that chemistry
was only intended for medical men, manufacturers,
engineers, and men of science. But who was there

evident that the business of education could not be con-
tinued longer withmit associating; the study ofsciencc along
with it,' even in the humblestsehools,ands.eme experience
would be required,to show the extent to Which it ought
to he cultivated. He trusted that the illustrations he
had given, would assist, however humbly, in this great
eanse, which he considered one of the noblest that could
engage the at tention of mankind,- as it was' replete on
every side with application that tended to increase the
comfort and to diminish part of the misery to which
mankind is exposed, while it appeared egrally to form
the 'basis of Ciose means by which the .power
of the press, and of .the steam-engine, had already been
extracted from the 'materials with which we are sur-
sounded, and wielded as the most powerful agents
vented by than, in affecting all the higher destinies of
his nature. Nor was any limit apparent to the forces
which man might yet be permitted to employ in
gations of science, and the . appluicsaedtinonf
facilitating the progress of society by the investi-
olafteart;earEsvellas
tahnele=eaqfpo'4liirtin'httt been
nuerreotypic process that
thateteenxticioon
e eucpoi dr
e'" much
from
dheadserzedarLylocy
rattention;
while society
by
SO interesting a discovery, the electric fluid, bad been