The Sun.
London, England, 1841-08-26 00:00:00

t's &

LONDON:
THURSDAY, AUGUST 26, 1841.

The- country has now before it the Speech dictated by
the Waigs, their Address in conformity to the Speech,
and the Tory Amendment. They correspond to our ex-
pectations. The Speech is not so bold as we would wish,
and the amendment of the Tories, as we announced on
Monday, turns all on their want of confidence in their
opponents. _ _

W4atever the well-endowed and sleepy priesthood
may believe, because they wish it, and whatever the oli-
garchy may hope as a means of safety to them, the pre-
sent is nut an age of mental apathy. Men are unquiet—
they suffer, and are agitated. The) look abroad with
anxiety for the means of relief, and pant, as Mr. CAR-
LYLE has said, for a leader. To the uneasy and anxious
multitude, the speech, though more bold and mcre com-
prehensive than Royal speeches usually arc, gives no
hope. Does any man feel his heart throb and his eyes
glisten as he reads it ? Does it awalcen any emotion?

Does it kindle any enthusiasm, or stir up a strong
desire to catch the good it holds out in pros-
pect? We cannot answer in the affirmative. It
kindles no generous emotions, and will not make
men hurry from the workshop to follow the_ writer
of the speech as their guide to safety. It is at best a
cold, repulsive, routine document, which has not, never-
theless, not saved the W higs from the charge of violating
official decorum, while it will not rally around them thy,
suffering and aspiring multitude.
They have not done justice to themselves. The fact
that great suffering exists throughout the manufacturing
districts is undeniable. It is equally undeniable that
trade is painfully checked, and that there is no com-
pensating prosperity amongst the working agricultu-
rists. How easy, therefore, would it have been, how
graceful, too, how worthy of her MAJESTY, and how ac-
ceptable to her people, to have put forward their sad and
desolate condition as the reason for calling the attention
of Parliament to the " revision of the duties affecting
the production of foreign countries," and "to the
laws regulating the trade in corn." Nothing of the sort
is done. The necessity for increasing the public revel
nue is put forward as the main reason for proposing an
inquiry into the landlords' monopoly. Something, in-
deed, is said about the effects of the monopoly, but even
there the " privations of the people appear as a secon-
dary consideration to the derangement of the currency
and the safety of the Bank of England.
That is not the way to treat the people ; for whatever
statesmen may think, they have hearts and heads, and
understand when they are dealt with like men or like
slaves. Increase of revenue ! why the people already
complain of Government getting too much, and they
can care nothing about measures which are mistakingly
put before them, as calculated to take more. If that be
the motive and object for abolishing the landlords' mo-
nopoly, the people will tell the Whigs to effect it if they
can, and will leave them to conquer or be defeated by the
Tories themselves.

Everything which can how be done ought to be, to
reconcile the estranged. people to the Government. Last
night Mr. DuticomnE presented several petitions to the
House of Commons directed against the present state of
the representation. Throughout the country meetings
are holding, at which resolutions are passed, declaring
that the present constituencies, and, of course, the Mo-
nopolists they elect, are opposed to the . liberties and
interests of the nation. Chartism is by no means dead.
We grieve much, therefore, to see any means lost of car-
rying a conviction home to the people that their condi-
tion really occupies the attention of the Government,
and deeply do we grieve to see the Whigs throw away'
Such a glorious opportunity, by putting prominently for-
ward the increase of the revenue instead of the condition
of the people as their leading motive for proposing com-
mercial reform.

But what has the Opposition done to repair the faults
of the Whigs ? What do Sir ROBERT PEEL and his
friends propose ? Do they move an amendment to inform
her MAJESTY that as Government exists only for the
good of the people, and revenue is only collected to pro-
mote their prosperity, they cannot think of augment-
ing the revenue till wages be raised, and the distress of
the working classes relieved? Not they. Their amend-
ment says, in substance, dismiss the Ministers and place
us in office. Their only remedy for the national distress
is, make us Ministers. If the Whigs have lost an oppor-
tunity of regaining the affections of the people, the To-
ries have made an opportunity to insult them. The an-
swer they gave to Mr. MARK PHILLIPS'S pathetic appeal on
behalf of the starving thousands was, we care nothing for
them, but we will ask the QUEEN to'dismiss the Whigs.

It is true that the Tories in their Amendment talk of
consulting the interest, and promoting the welfare of all
classes of her MAJESTY'S subjects. But how can mono-
polists do this? The present Parliament has been elected
for the very purpose of overruling the interest of the
many, and trampling their welfare into the dust. The
majority of the present Parliament is elected on the prin-
ciple of despising the welfare and interests of all other
classes than those of the laadowners. "It was supposed,"
said the Duke of RICHMOND on Tuesday evening, " that the
Ministers coming into office would turn round upon the
farmers and refuse them protection, but he, on the part
of the landed interest, would say, if they did so they
would have them out of office. If they (the Tories)
Came forward and offered an Bs. duty, he would tell them
that the same men who brought them into power would be
the first to thrust them out." The authors of the Amend-
ment have neither the power nor the will to consult the
interest and to promote the welfare of all classes of her
MAJESTY'S subjects. They are the slaves of one class, sent
to Parliament to promote by legislation its selfish ends,
and it is adding insult to neglect and injury to talk in
that Amendment which is to turn out the Whigs, about
the interests and welfare of all.

The bulk of the community, then, has ceased to respect
and honour the Whigs, and it has not ceased to despise
and hate the Tories. It has no reason to be satisfied
with either, and it has no confidence in either. Between
it and the ruling classes the gulf is widening every day,
and every graceful opportunity, like the present, of fill-
ing it up, is lost. We regret this for the sake of the
country and the sake of the Whigs, who might, without
departing from consistency, have charmed the people
by putting forward their condition as the reason for sub-
jecting the landlord's monopoly to investigation.

It cannot be otherwise than gratifying to us to find
the Corn. laws now become, with one common accord,
the general, and indeed almost the only, topic of public
discussion. Nor is it less gratifying to find the ultra or
extreme principles which we long ago espoused, now be-
come very prevalent. The Devil's laws, as we years ago
denominated them, are now stigmatized by the Ministers
of every faith in the empire—except the members of the
Established Church, who appear to have a pecuniary in-
terest in high prices, and in the starvation of the people—
as laws contrary to Christianity, contrary to the Provi-
dence of God, and therefore, as we say, they are the
Devil's laws. What those are who support them, it is
scarcely seemly in us to say, but the Christian Ministers
at the Manchester Conference have proved that they are
not Christians.

Some of the arguments by which the anti-Christians
support these unchristian laws, seem to us unworthy of
legislators, to say nothing of Christians. For example,
the Earl of RIPON, on Tuesday night, would not allow that
our people should have cheap bread, because other coun-
tries have Corn-laws. The CZAR of RUSSIA, an ignorant
stupid despot, meddles with the trade of his slaves, the
Monarchs of Germany do the same with theirs, there-
fore, argues this sapient Earl, we must have a Corn-law
in England. Might he not as well say Russian women
yet spin with a distaff, all nations have spun with a dis-
taff, therefore, burn all the spinning mules, and give em-
ployment to old women. The Peers of England are so
mistrustful of the national civilization that they would
model the laws of their enlightened countrymen on those,
of the northern barbarians.

This Earl and the rest of the supporters of the un-
christiait Corn-laws can see nothing in society but Go-
vernments, and he and the rest of the Peers continually
argue as if Government and society were identical. In
a Tory, who has seen society over and over again set
aside the laws he wished to support, this is sheer stupi-
dity, which no experience can teach. Instead of look-
ing only at Government, let the Peers look to things,
and they would see commerce setting at nought Czars and
Emperors. The Peers ought to look exclusively to our
own people, and if it be just to tax their bread—if it be
honest to make one man pay 50 per cent. of his income,
and another not, per cent. for' his food—if it be wise
to provoke their wrath, why, boldly tax their bread,
boldly grind them to poverty, and boldly goad them into
madness ; but do not shabbily, meanly, and insultingly
plead as an excuse for wrong-doing that the CZAR and
the POPE have passed Corn-laws, and that the corn trade
is not free in Russia and Rome. What is the barbarian
to Englishmen ? If the Peers wish to be regarded
like him, that will be an additional reason for the people
to i
vrn o
ai t up,
despise and hate the bread taxers.
Another argument still insisted on, though we thought
all rational
is, that it costs more to
raiseraise cornhere
therefore,
men
had
than g abed
we have passed the Corn-law to make it cost more to
raise corn here ; but it does not cost more naturally. It
costs less ; but, whether more or less, that is such an
uncertain matter, depending on so many facts, that it is
scandalous to make it an element of legislation._

Yv
If it costs more to raise corn in some parts of England
it costs less in others. In Ireland there are low tithes and
low poor-rates ;in Scotland there are no tithes, and very
low poor-rates. The fat vale of Evesham is more fertile
than the stony hills of Kent or of Buckinghamshire.
Corn is grown cheaper in the Ukraine than in Poland.
It is grown cheaper in different countries in different
years, according as the season is good in one and bad in
the other, and if the difference of price, therefore, be a
proper basis of legislation, which we deny in toto, the law
ought to be different in different years, different as the
corn is grown in the Ukraine or Poland ; and a different
degree of protection should be given to the corn grown
in England and Scotland, and to corn grown in fertile
or sterile land. It is impossible, however, to adjust a law
to all these circumstances, which impossibility is a demon-
stration of the absurdity of legislating at all on the dif-
ference of price or difference of cost of production in
England and other countries. Those, therefore, who
argue a great deal about legislation on this basis, should
spare their ink or their breath, and look only at the
honesty or dishonesty of the law as regards the sub-
jects of this empire.

The happy use made last night by Mr. P. M. STEW-
ART Of Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S writings has caused the

Times to rush to the rescue of the Eight Hon. Baronet
with a " we believe Sir JAMES GRAHAM has expressly
denied the authorship of this pamphlet." The Times is
mistaken. Sir JAMES has deniediteing the author of the
pamphlet of.a " Cumberland Farmer," but " Corn aid
Currency," is not only avowed by Sir JAMES, he has used
it to get reputation for himself. The Times, therefore,
is as ignorant as Sir JAMES GRAHAM iS inconsistent.
Well and truly did Mr. P.M. STEWART observe, that the
Budget which the renegade Baronet is opposing with
all his power, as a means of getting back to the Admiralty,
was proposed and recommended by Sir JAMES GRAHAM
in his pamphlet entitled " Corn and Currency."

As the Tory Times, seeking, and unhappily finding, an
auxiliary in Lord MELBOUR4E, says that he, " in two or
three pithy sentences threw overboard all his Jacobin
allies and their arguments," we may be permitted, on the
part of those Jacobin allies, meaning the religious and
moral men who throughout the empire have lifted up
their voices against the Corn-laws, to remind the reader
that on this question the authority of Lord MELBOURNE
is worth nothing whatever. We shall scarcely, however,
be understood, unless we lay the passage from the Times
before our readers :

It has given us pleasure (says that Journal) to perceive that
the Whigs have profited by the lesson which the country has
taught them, to this extent at least—that the false pretences,
the miserable calumnies, and the blasphemous ribaldry with
which they did not scruple to fight their battle out of doors,
are now abandoned to the Morning Chronicle and the conven-
ticle of mock ministers of religion at Manchester. We hear
little within the walls of Parliament of cheap bread or mo-
nopoly, and of the alleged religious bearings of the Corn-
law question nothing at all. In two or three pithy sen-
tences, Lord Melbourne threw overboard all his Jacobin
allies and their argumen s, not without language which
bore a close resemblance to indignation, disgust, and
contempt. "I do not charge you, my Lords," said he, " with
that charge which is generally brought against you-- I do not
charge your Lordships with interested feelings or motives. No
man more strongly condemns the language a hick is generally
made use of; no man more disapproves the topics and argu-
melds perpetually introduced in reference to this subject. I
do not think these laws are condemned by the Christian reli-
gion ; I do not think they are contrary to morality ; I do not
think they are laws fit only to be eradicated • nor do I think
they are the work of those who have had nothing else in view
but their own interest and their own objects." While avowing
that his opinions upon the subject of the Corn-laws had under-
gone a change (" everybody," he naively observed, "was in
the habit of changing opinions."

Lord MELBOURNE is just as much in error in now throw-
ing overboard his so called Jacobin allies—they being
the ministers of religion throughout the empire—as he
was when he denounced as a madman him who should
propose to remove all protection, alias, all robbery, by law;
and just as much in error as when he deprecated agita-
ting Corn-law repeal as shaking society to its foundations.
The real and mischevious agitators are Lord MEL-
BOURNE and his Tory allies, who pass and uphold laws
to violate the right of property in others in order to fill
their own pockets. The advocates of the Corn laws,
which set class against class, and not those who seek to
get rid of the injustice, are the persons who shake so-
ciety to its foundation. Lord MELBOURNE may repu-
diate the leadership of that earnest and masculine party,
acting, and resolved to act, on the principles of religion
and morality, which is now happily growing up in every
part of this morally distracted empire, and which is
destined—in spite of frivolous and rapacious noble-
men, and arrogant, extortionate priests—to redeem
it from destruction. Lord MELBOURNE may re-
pudiate the leadership of this party, of which
he is wholly unworthy ; but his indignation,
disgust, and contempt, if 'he expressed such emotions, of
which we doubt, will be regarded, like his impatience at
the " madmen," and his indignation at " the agitators,"
as the hasty emotions of a shallow, unreflecting, and, on
this subject, very ignorant courtier. Lord MELBOURNE,
though placed by chance at the head of our party, was
neverithe depository of its principles, nor worthy of being
its leader; and •ae shall not much regret a change which
will at least render it impossible for him again to mis-
guide a cause he is as far now from comprehending as he
was the Session before. last.

The French journals of Tuesday have all reached us,
but most of the important news which they contain was
anticipated in the afternoon edition of yesterday's Sun.
We have given in another part of this day's impression,
a very important speech, delivered by M. GUIZOT, at
a public dinner given to him by his constituents at Liseux,
on:Monday last, which we recommend to the attentive peru-
sal of our readers. M. GUIZOT gives a calm and dignified
account of the events which produced the isolation of
France, and attributes to the personal feelings of the
KING, and the excellence of the French constitution, the
maintenance of the peace of Europe. The exceeding
mildness with which the French Minister alludes to the
conduct of the Great Powers, and the guarantees which
he offers of the peaceable disposition of France, will
produce a -very salutary impression on the public mind
of Europe. .

The journals are still writing about the census, but we
find nothing at all new either in their facts or argu-
ments.

It was rumoured in Paris on Tuesday that Lord ELIOT
would succeed Mr. ASTON as Ambassador. Such an ap-
pointment might well alarm ESPARTERO, for who has
forgotten Lord ELIOT'S partisan admiration of Don
CARLOS

Prince Milosch was received by the Emperor of Austria on
the 16th inst. at Schcenbrunn.
Prince and Princess Metternich have arrived at Jnnannis-
berg. The Prince is stated to be in excellent health and spiri s.
The Baron de Barante was to leave Cronstadt on the 20th
inst. in the Danae frigate, and is expected to arrive in Paris
about September 5.
A Berlin correspondent of the Leipsic Gazelle says that
M. Thiers has visited most of the literary celebrities of the
capital, especially Messrs. Schlegal, Savignv, and Rauch.
Count Bresson had given a grand dinner, to which most of the
eminent literary and scientific men of the capital were invited
to meet M. Thiers.

Two days ago, as a party of students were passing in a boat
through one of the locks of the canal of the Marne, near Saint-
Maur, a young female, who was with them, becoming sud-
denly giddy, fell into the water and disappeared in the eddies
of the luck stream. A medical student, heedless of danger to
himself, immediately jumped overboard and succeeded, by
plunging several times, in rescuing her. from a watery grave.
She was senseless; but on being taken into a neighbouring
house, and carefully attended to, was restored to life.
The son of Al. K., an engraver of merit, after leading a
dissipated life in Paris went abroad, and had not been heard
of for a long time, till a few days ago his father received a
letter from him, dated Valparaiso, in which the young man
stated that, overwhelmed with shame and repentance, he had
entered a Dominican convent in that city. Al. K. was so
deeply affected by this intelligence that he became melancholy,
and two days after walked to a distance from Paris, and when
in the middle of a field shot himself dead with a pistol.
The official part of the Moniteur to-day publishes an ordi.
nance announcing various nominations in several Courts of
Justice.

We have received this morning the Moniteur Algerian of
the 16th of August. It publishes the following decree :
" The Lieutenant-General Governor-General of Algeira.
" DECREE.

" Art. 1. Hadj Mustapha Ouled Osman Bey is appointed
Bey of Mostaganem and Mascada , and in this quality shall
enjoy the honour and prerogatives attached to the dignity
which is conferred on him.
2. In the territorial limits which shall be fixed he shall
govern the Arabs in the name of the King of the French, and
under the direction of the Generals who shall be invtsted with
the military command.
"3. He shall form a troop of regular cavalry, consisting of
chosen men. The Wikahlias on horseback, deserters from
the regular cavalry of Abd-el-Kader, should be admitted iota
it. The corps may be raised to an effective force of 300 men.
He is likewise authorised to form a battalion of infantry,
into which the regular foot !oldiers of the Emir shall in like
manner be admitted. The battalion may consist of 800 men.
•' 4. His irregular cavalry shall be formed of horsemen of
the Boodjiahs and !..11edjillars, who are encamped before Bios-
taganem. These horsemen shall be treated in the sameman
ner as the. Dorines and the Smelas now are. The Bey may,
add to them, with the approbation of the Governor-General,
the horsemen of the tribes who shall come and plane themselves•
under his column.

•
" 5. No change is made in the situation of the Dorines and
the Smelas, they shall continue to enjoy the advantages stipu-
lated in the convocation which they made with General Rezil,
and shall be alwa7s commanded by General Mastapha Ben
Israel.

" Mostaganem, August 9, 1841.
Signed BUGEAUD."
" By another decree of the same day Ibrahim Ouled Osman
Bey, is arpointed Khalifa to Mustapha Ouled Osman Bey."—
Le Constitutionnel.

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