The Sun.
London, England, 1840-09-03 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1840.

LAST INDIA COTTON COMPANY.
Capital .500,000/., in Shares of 25/. each.
BANKERS. —llleqm. Glyn, Halifax, and Co., London;
Messrs. Becket, Blaydes, and Co., Leeds; Manchester and
Salford Banking Company, Manchester.
• Souerrous.—Messrs. Swaine, Stevens, and Co., Frede-
rick's-place, Old Jewry, and 10, Whitehall.
All communications are requested to be addressed to the Se-
cretary, at the new offices, 30, Bucklersbury, where prospec-
tuses, with the names of the Provincial Directors, and all fur-
ther information relating to the objects of the Company, may be
obtained. FRED. MAXWELL DANSON, Sec.
30, Bucklersbury.

TO REPORTERS.
AFIRST-RATE SHORT-HAND RE-
PORTER may obtain a permanent engagement en a
Country Paper of high standing. lie must be an expeditious
Writer, whose accuracy and fi.lelity can be depended upon.
The whole of his time will be exclusively devoted to the Re-
porting department. No engagement will be entered into
until satisfactory proofs of professional ability have been given.
Apply, by letter only, addressed to A. 8., at Mr. Richard
Barker's, News Agent, 33, Fleet-street, London.

EMIGRATION.
A LL who contemplate Emigrating should read
.L—A.."'• the ACCOUNT OF TEX AS, published by G. Elliot, 14,
Holywell-street, Strand, and sold by all Newsvenders : or sent
GRATIS, and post free, in reply to a post-paid letter (en-
closing a penny. postage stamp), addressed to the Secretary of
the Trinidad and Sabine Association, Falcon-court, Fleet-
street, London.

rIMJRCH of ENGLAND LIFE and FIRE
ASSURANCE, TRUST and ANNUITY INSTI-
TUTION,
6, King William-street, City ; and 7, St. Martin's-place,
Trafalgar-square.
Capital, One Million.
One-tenth of the entire profits of this Institution will be ap-
plied to the relief of Distressed and Aged Clergymen, and the
Widows and Orphans of Clergymen, who may be recommended
by the Bishops, or by the Clergy of their respective localities.

ANNUAL DIVISION OF PROFITS.

UNIVERSAL LIFE ASSURANCE SO-
CIETY, 1, King William-street, London.

Established 1834.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
One-fifth of the ascertained profits of the five -preceding
years is divided between the policy-holders and shareholders ;
three-fourths to the former, and one-fourth to the latter. The
remaining four-fifths are set apart to enter into the average of
the succeeding years, and thus to provide against unforeseen
contingencies.

The-first division of Profits took place on the 13th of May,
1840, when a reduction of 60 per cent. was declared on the
annual premiums of all those policies entitled to participation.
The following table will show the operation of the reduction
made by the Society :

Age
Annual
when
P°lic Date of Sum' Original Premium
was Y Policy. Assured. Prethium. Reduction payable in
issued. 1840.
---.
2U May 1835. £l,OOO £l9 6 8 £ll 12 0 £7 14 8
30 ••• ••• 1,000 24 8 4 14 13 0 915 4
40 ..• ••• 1,000 31 10 0 18 18 0 12 12 0
50 1 ••• 9" 1,000 42 15 0 25 13 0 17 2 0
60 ... ... 1,000 66 11 8 99 19 0 26 12 8

This system of reduction in the premiums affords immediate
benefit to the Assured, or enables them to secure a considerable
bonus by effecting a new policy.
Policies are granted in London and by resident Committees
at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, on Indian risks, at very ad-
vantageous rates, calculated from extensive data and tables,
exclusively in the possession of this Society, to show the true
risk of life during residence in India, and after retirement from
foreign service.

By Order of the Board,
DAVID JONES, Actuary.

PUBLICATIONS.

To-morrow will be published, •
THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN RE-
VIEW, No. XXL

CONTENTS.
1. Chartism and Church Extension.
2. Austria and her Resources—Milan Treaty.
g. Modern Fiench Novelists—Le Nceud Gordien.
4. Montenegro.
5. British Administration of India.
6. Medical Reform.
7. History of Fiction—Eastern Story-tellers.
8. Hungary and the Hungarians.
London, R. and J. E. Taylor, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street
Edinburgh, A. and C. Black : Dublin, J. Cumming.

" MYSTERY !" by LEITCH RITCHIE,
Esq.—The COURT JOURNAL of SATURDAY
next, Sept. 5, will contain Mr. Ritchie's New Talc, entitled
" The Mystery !"—" The Night before the Duel," a German
Story—A Queen's Conspiracy, by Basil Shand—Prince Albert,
the Lord Mayor, &c. &c. By remitting Bd. in a penny post
letter, this Journal (established under Royal patronage in 1829)
is forwarded to all parts of the kingdom, and on the Continent,
postage free. Orders received by all Booksellers and Newsmen
in town and country.
W. Thomas, Publisher, 19, Catherine-street, Strand.

The Part for August can be had of all Booksellers.

FROM COLONEL SIR JERENHAH BRYANT, C.B.
TO THE PROPRIETORS OF EAST INDIA STOCK.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
THE lamented death of Mr. Marjoribanks
having created a Vacancy in the Direction of your
affairs, I respectfully submit to you my fixed determination, in
accordance with my previous pledges, to proceed to the Ballot
on this occasion.

Having very ;ecently placed before you the grounds on which
my pretensions to a seat in the East India Direction are
founded, embracing aperioct of more than thirty years' service
in situations of the most important nature under the Govern-
ment of Bengal, it is with much satisfaction I am enabled to
state that, during my canvass, I have received the promise of
very general kuppirt.
Under such favourable circumstances, I now earnestly and
respectfully solicit the honour of your votes on this occasion,
and when the day of Electidn is fixed I shall lose no timo in
forwarding to my friends in the country the necessary letter of
attorney to enable them to vote by proxy.
I have the honour to be, Ladies and Gentlemen, your faith-
ful servant,

J. BRYANT, Colonel Bengal Army.
17, Montagu-square, Sept. 2, 1840.
Sir Jeremiah 13ryant's Committee sit daily at the London
Tavern, Bishopsgste-Ftieet.

THE ERA (the only Conservative Weekly
Newspaper) of SUNDAY NEXT, the 6th of Sep-
tember, will contain SPORTING EVENTS, by " V ates ;"
A full ACCOUNT of the WARWICK RACES.
The ST. LEGER PROPHECY, exclusively, will appear
on Sunday, September 13.
Orders taken by all Newsvenders in town and country.
Office, 20, Catherine-street, Strand, London.

ROTATORY R AILWAY, under Mr. Range-
ley's Patent; the 'principle shown by Models working in
a circle and ins straight line. A variety of the most novel and
ingenious Inventions and Works of Art of the First Class, to
the number of 1200, including 120 Fine DAGUERREO-
TYPES. The SPINNINd'and WEAVING of GLASS,
HALL'S PATENT WATER ELEVATOR, GREEN'S
BALOON and Steering Apparatus, COINING PtIESS,
MICROSCOPE, CHROMATIC FIRE CLOUD, DIVING
BELL, DIVER, and a new and delightful Musical Instru-
ment, the CHORDIEOLIAN, at Four o'clock, with Two
First-rate Performers, and various EXPERIMENTS.

DAILY LECTURE by the Chemist, Mr. MAUGIIAM.
Open from Ten o'Cl.;ik—Admission One Shilling.
A New Edition of the Catalogue, with fine Illustrations.
POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION,
309, REGENT-STREET.

HYDR AULIC BELT, or WATER ELE.
VATOR.

Mr. DYSON, C.E., having arranged the Machinery for
the prfect application of the Belt to the Drainage of Lands,
w:11 submjt this Novel Per:ormance to Public Inspection on
WFDNESDAY, the 9th inst., in the Fens near Downham Mar-
ket, Norfolk.
Further Particulars may be obtained at the Office of Mr.
Bebb, No. 20, Great Marlborough-street, Regent-street, Lon-
don, Solicitor to the Patentees.

THE PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL
BENEFIT ASSOCIATION and

BENEVOLENT FUND.

TEMPORARY OFFICES.—No. 12, WORMWOOD-STREET.
This Association is designed to afford to that numerous and
respectable body of men, the Clerks of the Metropolis, the
means by which they may, whilst in the full enjoyment of
youth, health, and prosperity, make a provision for themselves
and Families when in old age, sickness, or adversity; and that
at so trifling an expenditure, as scarcely to be felt by any of
them. And also to assist their distressed brethren, whose cir-
cumstances may not have permitted them to make a similar
provision.
The business of this Association will be divided into two
Department. First—
THE MUTUAL BENEFIT DEPARTMENT,

with a fund to be raised by periodical subscriptions amongst the
Members, upon the principle of mutual assurance, under
the Friendly Society's Act, to insure the following benefits:—
viz., an Allowance in Sickness, an Annuity in Old Age, a
Sum of Money at Death, &c. &c. Secondly--
THE BENEVOLENT DEPARTMENT,

with a fund to be raised by voluntary contributions, for the
purpose of affording relief to Clerks of good character in dis-
tress, who have not been able, either from affliction or other
unavoidable circumstances, to secure for themselves the advan-
tages arising from the Benefit Department.
'The management to be vested in a Board of Directors, to
consist of Merchants, Bankers, Traders, or others (not being
Clerks), aided by the assistance of a Maraging Director,
and a Committee of Clerks.

Pt ospeetuscs, and also the Rules, Regulations, and Tables,
are prepared, and will be issued in a few days. In the mean
time, the Provisional Committee sit daily, from Ten to Three,
at their Temporary Offices, where all communications are to be
addressed (pre-paid), and every information can be obtained.
WAI. FAIRCLOTH, Chairman.

rilflE FREQUENT ROBBERIF,S OF
PLATE.
AL_

CAUTION.

It having been represented to RIPPON and BURTON that
everal persons are vending a spurious metal as their NICKEL
SILVER BRITISH PLATE, they assure the Public that
the Genuine Article can only be had at their Warehouses, 12,
Wells-street, Oxford-street. The. Nickel Silver British Plate
manufactured by Rippon and Burton, is, by a chemical process,
rendered superior to any other so called, in appearance and
durability ; it is equal to silver ; all the articles being solid and
of wrought material, they improve with use, and are war-
ranted to stand the test of that strong acid aquafortis. The
ollowing prices are named as a criterion

Table Spoons and Forks, full -
size, with fiddle handles,
per dozen
Dessert do • • 10 0
l'ea Spoons, per dozen 5 0
Gravey Spoons, each 4 0
Fish Knives, each
Butter Knives 2 0
-Salt and Mustard Spoons
Foup Ladles. , 6 B
sauce Ladles 1 6 1
Sugar Ti.ags, each
Tabie Candlesticks, per pair 12 0 1
Chamber ditto, complete,
each 8 6

King 'a Pattern Table Spoons
and Forks, full size, per
i dozen 30 0
Do. Dessert, do. do., per
dozen 25 •
Do. Tea, do. do. do l2 0
Do_ Gravy, do. do., each
Do. Fish Knives, do
Do. Salt and Mustard Spoons,
do •
Do. Soup Ladles, d 0....... la 0
Do. Sauce Ladles, do 3 6
Do. Sugar Tongs, do.
Decanter Stands, _chased
--,.. -edges, per pair l6 0
. _

Cruet Frames, Shell Mount-
ings

. , .
11Snuffers,do 4 6
Snuffer Trays, do 4 6

Bread Baskets, Tea and Coffee Sets to Match, &c.

Purchasers are recommended to apply, post paid, for a Cata
ue, which can be forwarded for a single postage.
WARRANTED TABLE CUTLERY.

Table Knives, with Ivory Handles, per doz. 145.—Dessert
Knives, 12s.—Carvers, per pair, 4s. 6d.—The Long Set of 50
Pieces, 40s.—The same to Balance Table Knives, 16s.—Des-
serts, 14s.—Carvers, ss. 6d.—Large size Ivory-handled Table
Knives, 18s.--Desserts, 16s. per doz.—Carvers, 6s.—The same
to Balance Table, 21s.—Desserts, 15s.—Carvers, is. 6d.—
White none Handled Table Knives and Forks, 9s. per doz.—
Black Horn-handled Table Knives and Forks, Ils. per doz.—
Desserts Bs.—Carvers, 2s. 6d.—The Knives and Forks both
warranted.

FENDERS, FIRE IRONS, CORNICE POLES, DISH-
COVERS BATHS, Sze.

Fashionable Blaca Iron Fenders from 9s.—Bronzed ditto
fom 12s.—Brass ditto from 10s.—Polished Steel Fire Irons
from ss.—Block Tin Dish Covers the Set, 1 ls.—lmproved
shape ditto, 16s.—Patent ditto, the very best quality and newest
shape that is made, 35s.—Japanned Bottle Jacks, warranted to
carry 251b5., 7s. 6d.—Brass ditto, 9s. 6d.—Brass Stair Rods,
3s. Od. per doz.—Brass Cornice or Window Curtain Poles,
Is. 3d. per foot.—Copper Tea Kettle to hold 1 Gallon, 75..
Copper Coal Scoops, from 10s. 6d.—Tea, Urns, from 275.
Shower Baths, with Copper conducting Tubes and Pump, and
with Curtains complete, 100 s.
Purchasers are recommended to visit the Warehouses, Wells-
street, Oxford-street; or to apply for a Catalogue of prices,
which can be forwarded for a single postage. Country Orders
co contain a remittance. All Postages to be paid.

Established 1820.

BARTHOLOMEW FAIR-PIE-

POUDRE COURT.

ew most whichexpeditious
It is not generally known that the arrangements of
Bartholomew Fair are under the control of a Court of
lPe iwe -eps
to a darned, vautlgatrhlye called P
Court of Justice known in the law of England. It is
called Pie-poudre, probably from the dusty feet of sui-
tors, or, according to Sir Edward Coke, because justice
time Pie
-powder, r' is..the
is there done as speedily as dust can fall from the feet.
It is upon the same principle that justice among the
.Jews was administored in the gate of the city, that the
proceedings might be the more speedy as well as pub-
lic. Another authority assigns its etymology to
pied pod Breaux, a pedlar, in old French, and there-
fore signifying the Court of such petty chapmen
as resort to fairs and markets. It.is a Court of Record
incident to every fair and market of which the steward
of him who owns, or has.the toll of the market, is the
Judge. This, for Bartholornew,Fair, was formerly the
steward of Lord Kensington, the Lord. of the Manor,
who sold his privilege about six years mace to the Corpo-
tion of London, who now appoint the steward. It
was instituted to administer Justice for all commercial
injuries done in the very fair or market, and not in any
preceding one, so that theinjury complained of should
be heard and decided within the compass of one and the
same day, unless the fair lasted a day longer. The
Court as constituted take cognizance of all matters
that arise in the fair, whether of debt or trespass, and a
writ of error lies from its decisions to the Courts of
Westminster. The reason of Its establishment was to
do speedy justice, and save the expense, of appealing to
a superior Court of Judicature. The Court for St.
Bartholomew fair is held daily at the Hand and Shears
public-house, in Cloth-fair, in Bartholomew-close, where
matters connected with stall-beepers are the chief sub-
jet is of complaint. Several ludicrous cases have oc-
curred in the Court, and the members of Richardson's
company and other Thespian corps were often brought
up for breaches of contract.

'ri{3l.—Yesterday
the King the
agreeable news that his daughter her Royal dy
ay evening a
telegraphic
---
Highness the
dispatch HAGUE,
broughtilPrincess Albert of Prussia was safely delivered of a daugh-
ter at Cainenz, on the 27th, and that both her Royal High-
ness and the young Princess are well. The Prince of
Syracuse has arrived at the Hague.
LORD CHANCE
Yhis Cottenham, and suite, arrived here
from Douglas, on Saturday evening last, by the royal
mail steamer Queen of the Isle, Captain Gill. His Lord-
ship had been on a visit to his brother. the Bishop of Sodor
and Man, at Bishop's Court, for the last week, and was
pleased to express himself gratified during his short stay
in this now fashionable watering-place. On leaving the
stearnor, his Lordship expressed his acknowledgements to
C-pt iri Gill fear his polite attention during the voyage,
,i) immediately proceeded to the Adelphi Hotel. His
L r,lship and family attended divine service on Sunday
itiurnhag At St. Audrovea Om-ch.—Liverpool Courier.

TYRANNY OF MEHEMET ALI,
AND THE INSURRECTION IN SYRIA.

(£II AN Eyk-WITNVO.)
• The boasted civilisation which Mehemet Ali has in-
troduced into the countries under his sway is entirely
superficial, and has no origin whatever in any real im-
provement or amelioration in the condition or lof the
benefit of their respective populations ; and the reason
why a contrary impression has so generally prevailed
amongst late travellers is as follows :—When travellers
arrive at Alexandria, and more particularly those of
name or rank, they immediately fall into the hands of a
set of clever persons, some of them Consuls, who having
either made their fortunes by the Pacha, or having
them to make, leave no effart unemployed to impress
them with favourable opinions of his Government. They
are then presented at the Divan, it here, instead of a re-
served austere-looking Turk, they find a Hedy animated
old man, who converses freely and gaily with them, talks
openly of his projects to come, and of his past life, tells
them that he is glad to see them, and that the more
travellers that pass through Egypt, the better he is
pleased ; that he wishes every act of his Government
and institutions to be known and seen, and that the
more they are so, the better will he be appreciated. He
then turns the conversation to some subject personal
to them, for he is always well informed of who and
what they are, and what they know, and at last dis.
misses them with an injunction to visit his establish•
merits with care, and to let him know their opinion of
them on their return ; and if they happen to be persons
of distinction, he offers them a cavass to accompany
them on their journey. All this is done in a simple
pleasing manner, which can hardly fail to captivate
when coming from so remarkable a man. Endoc-
trines by the clique and won by the Pacha, they pro.
coed on their journey to Cairo, where the delusion be-
gun at Alexandria is completed ; for travelling through
the country is now easy, and comparatively safe to what
it was, and establishments of various kinds, such as
polytechnic schools, schools of medicine and _general
instruction, and manufactories, have been formed in
Cairo and those parts of the country which are most
frequently visited. These arc under the direction of
foreigners, chiefly Frenchmen, and arc open to those
who choose to visit them ; consequently, as the greater
proportion of travellers seek for sights more than in-
struction, these gentlemen, won at Alexandria, and deb

lighted at the facility of their journey from that place,
neither turn to the right nor the left from the beaten
track, but, judging of what they do not see by that which
is purposely prepared to be shown them, return to
Euiope, and on grounds such as I have above de•

scribed, and without looking an inch beneath the sur-
face, proclaim the Pacha the civilizer and regenerator
of E:zypt. How far such is the case you will be able
to judge from what follows, in which there is no exag-
geration. The journey I made extended up to the se-
cond cataract on the Nile, throughout Egypt and Nubia,
and then through Palestine, the whole of Syria, and the
Libanus. I consequently visited very nearly all the
countries under the domination of Mehemet Ali, and,
as I did not allow myself to be influenced at Alexan-
dria, -and missed no occasion of informing myself of the
state of things whilst on my journey, I may fairly say
that can give an unbiassed opinion as to what is going
on in that unhappy part of the world.
In Egypt the whole of the land belongs to the
Paella ; besides himself there is no landed proprietor,
and he has the absolute monopoly of every thing that
is grown in the country. The following is the manner
in which it is cultivated :—Portions of land are divided
out between the fcllahs of a village, according to their
numbers ; seed, corn, cotton, or other produce is given
to them : this they sow and reap, and of the produce
75 per cent. is immediately taken to the Paella's de-
pots. The remaining 25 per cent. is left them, with, how-
evi r, the power to take it at a price fixed by the Pacha
himself, and then re-sold to them at a higher rate.
This is generally done, and reduces the pittance left them
about 5 per cent. more ; from this they are to pay
the capitation tax, which is not levied according to the
real number of the inhabitants of a village, but ac-
cording to numbers at which it is rated in the Govern-
ment books ; so that in one instance with which I was
acquainted a village originally rated at 200, reduced by
the conscription to 100, and by death or flight to 40,
was still obliged to pay the full capitation ; and, when
I went there, 26 of the 40 had been just bastinadoed
to extort from them their proportion of the sum
claimed. After the capitation comes the tax on the
date-trees, raised from 30 to 60 pares by the Pacha,
and that of 200 piasters a year for permission to use

their own water-wheels, without which the lands situ-
ated beyond the overflow of the Nile, or too high for it
to reach, would be barren. Then comes an infinity of
taxes on every article of life, even to the cakes of
camels' dung, which the women and children collect
and dry for fuel, and which pay 25 per cent. in kind at
the gate of Cairo and the other towns. Next to the
taxes comes the corvee in the worst form, and in con-
tinual action ; at any moment the fellabs are liable to
be seized for public works, for the transport of the
baggage of the troops, or to track the boats of the
'Government or its officers, ansl tbi4 witbwit
toren." to.tbo-atitte—Ortlezr crpps. :
When Mehemet Ali nrde his famous canal &Om
Alexandiia to the Nile; he did it by forcibly marching
down 150,000 men from all parts of the country, and
obliging them to excavate with their hands, as tools
they had not, or perhaps could not be provided. The
excavation was completed in three months, but 30,000
men died in the operation. Then comes the curse of
the conscription, which is exercised in a most cruel
and arbitrary manner, without any sort of rule or law
to regulate it. An order is given to the chief of a dis-
trict to furnish a certain number of men ; these he seizes

like wild beasts wherever he can find them, without
distinction or exemption, the weak as well as the strong,
the sick' as well as those in health; and, as there is no
better road to the Paella's favour than showing great
zeal in this branch.of the service, he, if possible collects
more even than were demanded. These are chained,
marched down to the river, and embarked amidst the
tears and lamentations of their families, who know that
they shall probably never see them again ; for change
of climate, bad treatment, and, above all, despair, cause
a mortality in the Pacha's army beyond belief; muffle.
tion is not now considered on exemption, and
the consequence of the system is, that from As-
souan, at the first cataract, to Aleppo, you, literally
speaking, never see a young :nan in a village, and such
is the depopulation, that if things continue as they now
are, for two years more, and the Pacha insists on keep-
ing up his army to its present force, it will be utterly im-
possfble for the crops to be got in, or for any of the ope-
rations of agriculture to be carried on.
The whole of this atrocious system is carried into
action by the cruellest means—no justice of any sort for
the weak ; no security for those who are better off ; the
bAstinado and other tortures applied on every occasion,
and at the arbitrary will of every servant of the Go-
veretnent. In addition to this, the natives of the
country are rarely employed—never in offices of trust—
and the whole Government is intrusted to Turks. In
short, the worst features of the Mameluke and Turkish
rules are still in active operation ; but the method of
app!ying them is much more ingenious, and the boasted
civilization of Mehemet Ali amounts to this—that being
beyond doubt a man of extraordinary talents, he knows
how to bring into play the resources- of
better than his predecessors did, but, like them, en-
tirely for his own interest, and without any reference to
the well-being of the people ; and that with the aid of
his European instruments he has, if I may say so, ap-
plied the screw w ith a master-band, and squeezed from
the wretches under his sway the very last drop of their
blood.
Such is the state of these two countries. Syria is
perhaps' the worst off of the two ; for the Egyptians,
used to oppression, bear it without a struggle ; whilst
the Syrians, who had been less harshly treated in old
times, writhe under and gnaw their chain.
The cause of the insurrection which lately broke out
in the Libanus is as follows .

Previous to the occupation of Syria by Mehemet
Ali, the inhabitants of both the Libanus (Maronites
and other Christians) and the Anti-Libanus (chiefly
Druses), were mildly and patriarchally governed by an
hetcditary chief named Emir Bechir. After the occu-
pation of St. Jean d'Acre, the Emir was decoyed into
Ibrahim Dacha's camp, and there kept as a hostage.
Being an old and timid man, he consented to every-
thing in order to obtain his liberty, and particularly to
the' disarming his people ; but at the same time under
a strict engagement on the side of the Pacha that the
country should continue to be governed by himself, as
heretofore, and that the Pacha should be contented
with the tribute formerly paid to the Porte. As soon,
however, as the mountaineers were disarmed, Ibrahim
forcibly introduced Egyptian governors and Egyptian
taxation, and particularly insisted on the corvee, in
order to work the mines in the country which he had
seized for himself. Matters continued in this state til
last year, when he himself being on the frontier with
the army opposed to the Turks, and an insurrection
having broken out amongst the Druses of the Anti-Li-
banus, and the inhabitants of the Haoran and Damascus
being in a state of ferment, Mehemet Ali applied for
assistance to the Emir Bechir, to whom he made the
largest promises, and succeeded in engaging him to fur-
nish a body of mountaineers to suppress the rising of the
Druses and Haouran, and to keep Damascus in awe : for
this purpose 16,000 stand of arms were issued to the
Mountaineers by the Pacha, with a solemn promise on
his side never to reclaim them, but to leavo them for
ever in their possession. Under this stipulation, they
performed their part of the engagement, and subdued
the Daises by force, and kept down the others. As
soon, however, as the battle of Nezib had set Ibrahim

PRICE sd.

tree, be determined to violate his father's treaty, and ac-
cordingly in the end of last May he demanded back the
arms, insisted on the payment of the Egyptian taxes for
three years in advance, and 16,000 men for the conscrip-
tion ; on this an insurrection broke out in the whole Li-
banus, and also in the Anti-Libanus, for the Druses,
laying aside their ancient animosities, and notwithstand-
ing what had happened last year, joined their fellow-
sufferers, and determined to make common cause with
them. I happened to be on the mountain when this
took place, and being detained in consequence for five
or six days, was enabled to judge of their wrongs, and
of the extreme justice of their cause. Their great hope
was assistance from the Porte and countenance from
the European Powers ; both of these, however, failed
them, and the Emir Bechir, who had never counten-
anced them, has by the last accounts so effectually aided
tit, troops, 12,000 men, sent to Beyrout by Mehemet
A!i,ds to have partially subdued the insurgents and taken
away their arms. in doing this, the Egyptian army has
indulged in all the horror:, for which Oriental warfare is
remarkable ; amongst other atrd;:ities the monks of the
convent of Mar Koccas have been sie.ned in oil and
burnt alive ; nor can there be a doubt, that nothing
is done by the European Powers to save them, the,
whole of this Christian population of 150,000 souls
will be subjected to all that the cruelty of one of the
most cruel of men, Ibrahim Pacha, can inflict on
them ; and I have no doubt that the result will be
their ultimate annihilation. I should not have gone
to this length, or perhaps indeed written to you at all
on the subject, had not my feelings been deeply inte-
rested for these high-spirited people, and had I not
been disgusted at the line of policy adopted by the
French. After two revolutions, which have shaken
the moral world to its foundation, and both of them
under the pretext of a love of liberty and abhorrence
of tyranny—after attempting to force their propaganda
on every country, without in the least considering the
nature of the government and the national wants of
the people, we find them now supporting by every in-
trigue in their power the most atrocious tyranny that

has existed in modern times, doing all in their power to
repress and keep down a people struggling for the most
sacred of all rights, and playing into the hands of the
Pacha, apparently because he is a rebel to his Sove-
reign, but also with the eventual hope of profiting by the
weakening the Turkish empire, and establishing them,
selves and their ac!hority in Egypt and the East. The
policy of England has begin honourable, but unfortu-
natcly to a degree weak : ncgotiatij,sf's and threats do no-
thing in this country, and a very trifling !•eal demon-
stration a year ago would have prevented ad dui! has
happened. Lord Palmerston is, I believe, not to
blame in all this ; his views have been correct ; but he
has been unable to carry them out in consequence of

the interest that Mehemet Ali has acquired at home,
and perhaps even in the Cabinet. It is but justice,
however, to Lord Ponsonby to say, that he has acted in
a straightforward honourable manner throughout ; that
he suggested, and has, as far as in his power, acted up
to a line of policy which he considered the best for our
country ; and that, had he been allowed to work it out,
he would long ago have settled the question, and raised
Turkey and reduced the Pacha to the relative positions
which he thinks they ought to occupy for the general
benefit of Europe. Whilst so many subjects are con-
stantly held up to our country as objects of sympathy
which do not deserve it, this one ought not to pass un-
noticed, where 150,000 Christians are struge..9g for
their liberties and existence against the most cruel
tyranny that ever oppressed men, and that not against
their legitimate rulers, but against a rebel and usurper,
who, without a semblance of right, has conquered,
trampled on, and will, if no one interferes, eventually
destroy them.

DEATH OF PROFESSOR MULLER

The following is an extract of a letter from Mr.
G. Finlay to Lieutenant-Colonel Locke, dated Athens,
August 8: . _

‘;-. The subject on which I proposed writing was
the melancholy death of Professor Muller, of Gottingen,
He died here on Saturday, (13t inst.), in the afternoon.
He was taken ili some days before at Delphi, where he
exposed himself very much to the sun, copying inscrip-
tions for hours together, during the heat of the day.
He had made an excavation along the polygonal wall,
which supported the basement of the great temple, by
which he had discovered a number of new and long in-
scriptions. He likewise discovered some subterraneous
chambers under the site of the temple, but he was un-
able to extend his excavation, as they were under the
houses of the peasants. When his illness was known
here one of the royal carriages and the King's physi-
cian were sent to meet him at Kaya a khan, below
Gyphtokastran (Oenoe), and he was conveyed here on
Friday last, but in a state which rendered his recovery
hopeless.

‘-‘ M. Curtius, who accompanied him, with Dr. Schoell,
of Berlin, tells me that the foundation of his illness was
laid by his over exerting himself at Athens, in copying
the modern plan of Athens by the architects. I how-
ever spent a night with him and his party at Rhamnus,
e t in the open air, and parted from him
irreirt yat ram en be appeared in perfect
health and high spirits. The foundation of the mortal
disease seems to have been laid either at Orchomenos,
where be slept out in a region of malaria, or by his
great exertions at Delphi. As nobody can appreciate
the loss the literary world has sustained so well
as you, I shall not say a word on that sub-
ject ; but I cannot recollect his amiable, personal qual-
ities, and the care with which he made his profound
learning available in social intercourse, without deep
regret. Oa his return I expected him to pay Liosea a
visit, and to examine the topographia of D'Acria : he is
now buried on the summit of the little bill above the
Academy. This was the idea of the Council of the
Athenian University. Ile had intended on his return
to Germany commencing his great work on the general
history of Greece, which was to have been preceded
by a topographical description of the country by M.
Curtius, for which Muller would have constructed the
maps and given his aid. He bad already made many
curious discoveries and observations, which it is to be
hoped will be given by Dr. Schoell or Curtius in an
account of their journey.

PROTECTION AGAINST SCARLET

FEVER.

(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
Scarletina, an annual visitor at this season, has this
year prevailed to a greater extent than usual ; scarcely
a town in the kingdom but has felt its effects, though
some but slightly, yet in others it has been more severe
than for many preceding years ; it has been almost en-
tirely confined to children. Nightshade has been
strongly recommended by the .first physicians of Eu-
rope—as Dr. Hahneman of Leipsic, Dr. Brindt of
Castrin, Dr. Muhsbeck of Dearmin, in Western Po-
merania, Dr. Dustenbourg of Warbourg, and many
others who have tried and proved its good effects in all
cases. Those who have used this precaution have,
though in the infected houses, escaped the infection. It
is also recommended by our own celebrated Dr. Gra-
ham. The formula recommended is, a solution of two
grains of the extract of nightshade, in an ounce of
Idis-
tilled water. To children of from one to ten years of
,TI ag.o, from ono to Avo-dropo- thi,roo.h.t.iotictB-grven-fou•

-
times a day ; from ten years upwards, from six to
ten drops is given also four times in the twenty-four
hours. In some instances this has been continued for a
fortnight.