The Sun.
London, England, 1841-06-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, JUNE 18, 1 ►4l.

Dublin, on the law of marriage. The general •
principles, however, laid down in it are so com-
prehensive that they apply equally to corn and
marriage—to subsistence, and the regulation of
the nuptial [contract; and we appeal, on the
'former subject, to his great authority. •
He begins by saying, that " I take my stand
on the broad general princiPle; THAT EVERY RE-
STRICTION IS AN EVIL 7N ITSELF," and "the bur-
den of proof lies upon the advocates of every
restriction to show its necessity." The Corn-
laws at a terrible restriction; they prohibit men
from buying food when and where they
like, and bringing it home. They are a
'Testriction on public liberty, and no man has
shown a necessity for the restriction. On the
contrary, the whole of the arguments urged in
favour of the Corn-laws resolve themselves into
some fictitious calculations as to the cost of pro-
ducing corn in different countries—we do not
say its price, for that is the effect of the law— •
and into the unfounded fancy that. the farmers
and the labourers would cease to cultivate the
soil if they had less•rent and tithes, or no rent
and tithes at all, to pay. Necessity for the re-
striction ! • Why, the whole course of nature
cries out against •it. Necessity is that from
which there is no escape; and instead of society
being unable to escape from this evil restriction,
it can only be maintained by great coercion, and
by causing grievous destruction.
• The Archbishop goes on to.say, and we are
fond of supporting our opinions by such a high
authority—
What may be called a meddling system of Govern-
ment amounts practically to a most intolerable tyranny.
If the Legislature of a country consisted of the most dis-
interested and public-spirited men, but who should think
it their duty to coMpel by law every individual to do
everything that might seem to them best, and to prohibit
every one from taking any step. which they might not
think advisable, it would be found, I believe, that even
time government of selfish oppressors would be preferred
to this. •

Our Legislature is, however, far from consist-
ing of the most disinterested and public-spirited
men, and yet they undoubtedly think it their
duty to compel by law every individual to do in
this matter of buying corn what seems best to
them, and they prohibit him from taking that
step, namely, buying corn in Poland, Russia,
and America, which they think not desirable.
Dr. WHATELEY thinks a Government of selfish
oppressors preferable to such a meddling Go-
vernment; and what must the public think of a
Legislature composed of selfish oppressors, who
so meddle with the subsistence of society, for the
very purpose of putting pelf into their own
pockets ? The restriction, which is an evil, they
enact from no other necessity than their arrogant
self-will, and to gratify their rapacity. Public
advantage, either present or distant, either di-
rect or contingent, the law has none; it is in-
tended to keep up prices, and keep up rent, and
the public good is sacrified by a meddling Go-
vernment of selfish oppressors.
The Morning Post of Tuesday found out a new
characteristic of the Corn-laws. Our Contempo-
rary denied that they were a tax, and, we presume,
meant to deny that they impose a tax, andasserted
that they may be looked on as a 4c stimulant to
production, and this we believe them to be so long
as the balance (of protection) is rightly adjusted."
To adjust this balance rightly the Legislature
must estimate to a nicety all the varying bur-
dens which agriculture here and abroad, and
which manufactures and other employments
titan agriculture, have to sustain; it must watch
over increasing skill and knowledge here and
abroad, and adjust the balance as new methods of
husbandry are discovered or new soils are brought
into cultivation. To fulfil this duty, then, the
Legislature must, in the strict sense of the word,
be a meddling system of Government, and must
let no year pass without an elaborate investiga-
tion into the circumstances we have alluded to,
and without altering or modifying the nicely ba-
lanced system of protection. The consequence
of the principle is a palpable absurdity, and no
Legislature, however disinterested and public-
, spirited the men who compose it, and however
gigantic their powers, could rightly adjust for a
single week the balance of protection amongst
the varied and contending interests of several
countries. The only way to adjust the matter is
to leave it, unmeddled with, to what Dr. SMITH
called the higgling of the market.

The Corn-law, it is said, is a stimulant to pro-
duction. How ? It is a settled axiom in po-
litical economy that a Legislature can only in-
fluence production by altering the distribution
of wealth. This is done by the Corn-law. The
natural and necessary price of wheat in the
market would be considerably below what it is
but for the law which is passed to keep up the
price. The corn-grower receives a higher price
from the consumer than he otherwise would for
his corn, or the law takes away the property of
the consumer, and gives it in the first instance to
the corn-grower, out of whom it is squeezed by
the landowner. By taking wealth from the con-
sumers, and giving it to the landowners, the Post
says the production of corn is stimulated.
We could not believe this assertion, even if
the whole of the increased price went to the cul-
tivator; but how making him the tax-gatherer
for the landlord can stimulate production, sur-
passes our comprehension. He receives a greater
price than he ought to have for his produce,
a reward for something which he has never
done,—and in general, to bestow unmerited
rewards, to give a higher price than is necessary
for an article, is considered the best method to
check production. At least, when the labourer
is in question, no maxim is more insisted on by
the landlords than that he must not be rewarded
beyond his deserts, otherwise he will become
lazy and saucy. Landlords and farmers combine
to act on the very opposite principle in regard to
the labourers which the Post advocates with
regard to the landlords. That the plunder of
the consumer by law stimulates or increases pro-
duction, is an idle dream, not a necessity which
justifies the terrible evil of a great restriction.

The noble list of subscriptions in honour of the
Duke of WELLINGTON, published in another
part of the paper, appears appropriately on the
anniversary of the day which sealed his fame as
the most successful warrior of the age. It
has rarely happened to any one individual
to have such a sum contributed from all parts
of the world for the erection of a monument, and
we believe there is no instance on record ofsuch
a display of enthusiasm towards either states-
man, warrior, or patriot during his life. WEL-
LINGTON, too, has this additional honour : the
subscriptions come from all parties. Po-
litical feeling is forgotten in admiration
of the man who commenced the battle in Por-
tugal, under the most inauspicious circum-
stances, who was betrayed by his allies, and ill
supported by his friends at home, but who still
kept on the steady tenor of his way, till by one
gigantic contest he and his brave companions
raised the fame of the country to the highest
pitch, and confirmed the peace_of Europe by the
most decisive victory of ancient or modern times.
We confidently hope that he will yet live for
years to enjoy honours which have been so well
earned, and which, by foreigners as well as na-
tives, are considered so justly due to his great
talents as the leader of an army.

The character of the Times for audacious as-
sertions is so fast sinking to the level of
that of the Standard, that in a very short time
nobody will believe it. We no longer think it
worth while to notice the twentieth part of the
strange assertions it continually makes. For
example, it has indulged fbr two or three days
in tirades against the Ministers for protract_
ing the Session, and has described them
as wanting honour and honesty, because
the Parliament is not already dissolved.
But on two nights the House was count-
ed out, and necessary business postponed,
by the Tories. Nay, on one of these nights Mr,
WA LTE.R birSelf had the 'House- counted out,
u-1- sc stoPriud 'lf--
ries have -thus delayed measures, the. Times has.
the hardihood to accuse the WhigS of prOcrasti-

nating the dissolution. ttwill come sooner than
will b 6 satisfactory to_ the Tories.

An express from Paris, with news of yesterday's date,
chiefly from Spain and the Turkish frontier, arrived in
London this morning. The intelligence from Spain will
be found in another article. Letters from the Turkish
frontier, of the 3d inst., state that the Greek Patriarch
at Constantinople was dismissed by the Porte for pri-
vately encouraging the rebellion in Bulgaria.
•
We have likewise received, through the ordinary chan-
nel, the whole of the Paris journals of Tuesday. They
are :exceedingly.meagre of political news of interest.
The prosecutions- connected with the letters of the
"Contemporaine," having raised a question as to the ex-
tent of the inviolability of the Crown, most of the jour-
nals of Tuesday make .it a leading topic their original
columns. The Debats commences an article on this sub-
ject with a promise to confine itself to a few words, as it
does not, it says, like scholastic reasoning, and then gives
us more than two columns full of the very scholastic
reasoning which it. professes to abhor. The article is
ably written. An argument having been raised that the
inviolability of the KING does not- - throw a shield over
his acts before he came to-the Throne, and consequently
that his life, as Duke D'OnLEANs, is within the
domain of history, --Unfettered by the• constitutional
fiction that the F...ING 'can do no wrong, the Debuts
asks Whether it is possible to throw obloquy upon
the Duke D'OaLEANs without, at the same time, cast-
ing an odium upon the Crown, Whether, adds the
Debats, defamation and calumny seek their weapons in
that period of time when the KING was only Duke of
OItLEA.NS, or in the history of his reign, it is still the
KING who is attacked. "Crime consists of two things
—the intention and the effect. In the present case, is
not the ellt.ct an offence against the KlNG—yes or no ?
Is not the intention to excite contempt or hatred
towards him—yes or no ?" The National, in an
article .on the same subject, rather attacks the
constitutional fiction than the arguments which arc
based upon it. How far the attack upon this fic-
tion is "in itself an offence against the Constitution we
do not pretend to say. The fiction may or may not be
a wise one, but it is the basis of the Constitution, and
should never be made -the subject of party discussion. If
it is to be changed for something more real, it must, to
be done safely, be effected by the deliberative powers of
the State. The Constitutionnel contends that the KING.
is not affected. by- the diatribes upon the Duke of OR-
LEANS, and that all he did or wrote, before he came' to
the throne is fair matter of history,' and adds, that the
good sense of the public, and the contemporaneous refu-
tation of the calumnies propagated against the KING as
Duke of ORLEANS are sufficient for his -.vindication,
without bringing the authors of them before a tribunal
of law.

The Courrier Francais, in a notice of the sitting of tho
Chamber of Peers on Monday, states that the Duke of Or-
leans took his seat near Marshal Soult, with whom he con-
versed for a long time. 'I his simple incident, which was
really very natural, considering that the Marshal had just made
his first appearance in the Chamber on his recovery from in-
disposition, and which was highly creditable to the feelings of
the Prince, is gravely commented upon by the Courrier as a
political concession to the Marshal at once useless and out of
place.

They write from Bucharest that the Emperor of Russia has
allowed the General Bissetof to accept the " inclegenat" (na.
turalization) which the Assembly of the States conferred upon
him.

The Moniteur publishes a report to the King from the Mi-
nister of Foreign Affairs, on the state of the payments hitherto
effected by the Aiexican indemnity commission. 'The total
amount of claims liquidated is 1,944,161 f., and of claims re-
jected 2,257,331 f. Supposing, which is not likely, that all the
claims still undecided should be proved to be good, there would
remain a sum of 4,550,000 f. due, and a sum of 3,200,000 f. to
be divided. The Minister, therefore, proposes that a fresh
dividend of 25 per cent. should be dared on all admitted
claims, in addition to that of 50 per cent., authorised by Royal
ordonnance of :arch 9. This is followed by a Royal ordon-
nance to the above effect.

A letter from Rome, in the Augsburgh Gazette, says :
" The Cardinals have lately held several conferences, at which
the religious differences with Spain were discussed. Spanish
ecclesiastics are daily coming to seek an asylum at Rome."
The grand dinner given to M. Ingres, the celebrated French
painter, by the artists of Paris and his friends, took place in
the Salle Montesquieu on Tuesday last. 'the Marquis de
Pastoret was in the Chair; and at six o'clock 426 guests sat
down to table. NI. Ingres was introduced amidst the loudest
acclamations. During the dessert the Chairman addressed M.
Ingres in the name of the company, and, in an eloquent
speech, said they were assembled not merely to congratulate
him on his success in painting, but also to greet him as an
esteemed friend. M. Ingres made a suitable reply. A body
of musicians, led by Messrs. Berlioz and Thomas, performed
pieces from Orphee, of Gluck, and Euriante, of Weber. The
party broke up after an evening spent with the utmost cordiality.
We quote the following from the Gazette de France to show
what trash is gravely inserted in the columns of a Journal :
" A personage in a high situation has just confirmed a state-
ment which we.have already published, of not only a partition
of the east being thought of, but also a new division of the
States of Europe. According to this plan, England would
have Egypt, Russia Constantinople, Austria the provinces on
the Danube, and Prussia would be aggrandised by the addition
of Saxony, part of Poland, and Hanover. France would be
informed that her conquest of Algiers would no longer be con-
tested. All this would be done without an Eur,ipeati Con-
gress, and by means of conferences in which France would have
no part. " Galignani.
The appeal of Madame Laffarge from the last sentence of the
Tribunal of Tulle, which defers to the sth of August the
affair of the diamonds, will be decided on Thursday or Friday
next by the Court of Cassation. The appeal will be supported
by Al. Daverne.
M.U. de Beaumont and de Tocqueville, who hail been in
Africa to study that country, have arrived at Toulon on board
the 'rartaca.

By a Royal ordonnance of the sth of June, that part of the
+
National Huard of Evreux which compo 1 the three dis-
banded companies, is to be immediately rganized. This
ordonnance directs that only one company s all be formed; the
remainder of the men are to be distributed among the clothed
companies.
An extraordinary meeting of the Municipal Council of Per-
pignan took place on the 9th of June, in which an energetic
protest was agreed to against the measures ordered by the Mi-
nister of Finance to increase the burdens of the country.
This protest will be addressed to the Ministers and the
Prefect.

The Municipal Council of Perpignan has been, on this oc-
casion, the organ and the echo of the country. Its example
NA ill doubtless be imitated by the other towns, and the Govern-
ment will learn that there are barriers which despotism atAl
the thirst of gain cannot pass.—Emancipator de Toulouse,
June 12.

The Hablador of Madrid, of the 9th, says—
" The Member. of the Committee of the Chamber which is
to examine the question relative to the guardianship of the
Queen, have had a conference with the Ministers of State and
Justice, and it is probable that the Report on the affair will be
very shortly laid before the Chamber."—Le Commerce, June 16.
BO CRSE—PARIS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 1(j.
f I rst Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Prick Price
Trench 5 per Cents ll4 50 ... 114 40 ... 1.4 40 ... 114 40
4 per Cents :;9 20 ... 99 30 ... 90 30 .. 99 31
3 per (feria. cx. div 76 70 - 76 70 ... 76 70 ... 16 61
wank of tranc-
..32 '2 50
Lattitte 13arts: 1,1:0111. Si aros 1070 ...IC7O _lO7O ...1070
5,904. Stares 5182 50 ...511'5 ...WS!. so ...5165
Belgian 5 per Cents.
i, .. 100
New Loan lOl4 ... 1 1'... ~. 101,4 ... 1111(4
il.arnsh Active 23)4 ... f.k, ... t
02 3V.. ... ...3%
Neapolitan IU2 25 ... 102 25 ... 1
.12 23 ... i 25
Roman
RAILWAY SHAREs,
It. Gerrnain
Versailles. L 8..., l9O .... 19) ... 190 ... 190
R. B 227 50 ... 1130 ... 327 50 ... 2:30
Rouen 457 50 ... 457 50 ... 45i 50 ... 457 50
urie...ns .
Strasburg to Bale 231 2.1 ... 131 25 ... 230 ... 231 25
DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTIItDArvi, JUNE 15
None). Bills.
Actual Dabt, 234 per Cent
. I Jitto, ditto 5 per cent.
Anus' t Svridic,434 per cent 89% GO 14
Ditto, ditto, 334 per cent 73)i 74
Commercial Company 434 per cent 1(1% 162%
Ditto (1635 And 1837) 5 per cent.
Loan 1827, 5 per cent. 963ia 96%
Exchange on London, One month l2 10
Two months l2
Dutch Papers, June 16.
BELGIAN I! UNDS—Sausens, JUNE 16.
Actual Debt, 23i per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent ID)
Loan of Thirty Million., 4 per Cent. O2
------ 3 per Cent. .....
--- Thirty•seven---- 7O
1:411
Lean of City, 1822, 4 per Cent SiBl34
Society of Commerce, 454 per Cent 9S%
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent .....
National Society.
Exchange on London (short)
—Brussels Papers, June 16.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIENNA, JUNE 9
five per Cents. Metulliques - 1C514
Four per Cella 9'4i
Three psr Cents.
Bank Shares 1653
..-Altp.emeine Zeitung. June 13,
HAMBURG BORSENHALLE, JUNE IS.
Bills. Mooey
Austrian 5 per Cents.
Bank Shares . - ma 1147
Ansto.ltussian Loan lO 3-i 10738
Russian 5 per Cent. Ist series, C6rtificate
Inscription, lstSe;ios lll2 10114
Russian 5 per Cent, Hope and Co. 3d and 4th
Series „'914 9714
Ditto in Certificates
New 4 per Cent. (1840) 8754 b 7
Dutch -.twat Debt, 254 pe, Cent l.ox -..
Ditto... ........ ...... ....... 5 !Jeri:en'
Pcli,h Bond.
New 1 tact
Anglo.l lanish Loan, 3 per Cep' 75 7i%
N twegian Lean, 1:434, 4 per Cent...
Sp..nish, New 5 per Cents. IBS,
EXCHANGES ON LONDON.
HAMBURG, JUNE 15.-13 7.—Two months, 13 51.6
PEVA EISEUItOI4I JUNE 4.—Two months, 38 1P.52 pence.
ci.-iatertaNt*, JUNE s.—Three months. 4 58.
svonsuiour, JUNE B.—Seventy-five days, 11. 44.
131tEMEN, JUNE 11--Two months, 6 13.
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, Aram Ik2.
Bills. Money,
St. Schuld. Sch., 4b per cent. lO4 10334
Prussian English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 101 K.
/ixeliange on London, three months — 6 18,4
—Prialiesit Stale Gazelle. June 13.

Advices from Madrid of he 10th inst. state that the
Fete Dieu was solemnised with great pomp in that capi-
tal, The procession was Leaded by ESPARTERO,
took the place of the Kings of SPAIN. On the right of
the REGENT walked M. CALATRAVA, President of the
Senate, and on his left M. ARGUELLES, President of the
Chamber of Deputies. All the Senators and Deputies in
the capital followed in robes and court dresses. The
Young, QUEEN was among the spectators at the Hotel
de Ville, where her MAJESTY was attended by all the
disinguished Members of her Household. Not the
slightest interruption of
public tranquillity took place.
The Coramittee on the Tarin had presented its Bill
to the Chamber of _Deputies. It recommends the
Go-
vernment to exact, without mitigation, the duties
upon all imported goods, and to make known the result
to the Cortes in 1843, in order that the Customs'-laws
may be amended. One el the members of the Com-
mittee, M. SANCHEZ, drew up_ a separate Report, in.
which he recoMmencted- the Government-- to conclude a
commercial treaty with-Great Britain, before enforcing
the Tariff regulations. -He proposes as the basis of his
treaty, that English .cotton goods shall be admitted into
Spain at a low rate of duty, previded England consents
to reduce to a correiipomling €.Ntmt the cilitY 011 SP,;iisll
wines, woult, f‘a-c the bode oI the
Spatrish nation- is too little versed in the principles of
free trade to adopt the liberal and enlightened views of

Senor SANCHEZ. The influence of the " old House,'
" You-must-buy-at-my-shop," and "Rotten-ship" inte-
rests, is greater in the Peninsula than that of all the other
interests—social, political, and religious put together.
The Spanish Government appears resolved to carry on
its Warfare with the Church with a high hand. One,
Ecclesiastic, the Cure VILLACARTINE, was recently
brought to trial for reading the POPE'S Allocution from
the Pulpit in cdutenipt of the Oi'dera of the REGENT.
The accused pleaded his higher obligation of spiritual
allegiance to the visible head of the Church, but
the plea was not admitted, and having been found
guilty he was sentenced to be deprived of his cure,
and undergo the penalty of transportation to the Island
'of Majorca. The submission of Portugal to the Court
of Rome has,giyen gnitt offence to the Spanish Regent,
who mutters threats of war unless DONNA MARIA Out off
all intercourse with the-Holy See. This appears to us
exceedingly unjust. As Portugal is not the temporal
ally of Rome, and in no way interferes in the dispute
between Spain and the POPE, we cannot understand upon
what just principle Spain threatens to disturb her re-
pose. The right of Portugal either to adopt or reject a
spiritual re-union with the head of the RomishChurcli is un-
doubted. Besides, Portugal has a great interest in settling
her disputes with the POPE. In the course of recent nego-
tiations between the Courts of Vienna and Lisbon, Prince
METTERNICH informed the Portuguese Minister that the
Courts of Vienna, St.Petersburgh,!and Berlin, onlyawaited
the POPE'S recognition of Queen DONNA MARIA, to fling
Don MIGUEL overboard, and to join with the Western
Powers iu acknowledging the legal accession of her MA-
JESTY. Already Austria is preparing to send an Am-
bassador to Lisbon, to realize the promises of Prince
METTERNICH. Letters from Vienna of the sth instant
say, that this mission will fall to Baron MARSHALL,.
Austrian Internuncio at Washington. Surely conside-
rations such as these ought to have their due weiL, ht.
with the Spanish REGENT, allowing that there existed,
which there does not, some cause of quarrel with Por-
tugal for travelling singly to Rome. -
We have no monetary news from Madrid of the 10th
instant: On the 9th the Bourse transactions in the Five
per Cents., 22 in number,.amounted to 15,000,000 reals,
and were done at 264- fOr cash, and 26i 3- at dif-
ferent dates. The coupons to be capitalized sold for
221 3 at 60 days, and the posterior debt bearing no in-
' terest at Gi at GO days.

7 PARLIAMENT WILL BE PROROGUED either Tuesday
or 'Wednesday.
The reports that there was to be a further change in
the Home-office, and that. Lord Morpeth was to be suc-
ceeded as Secretary for Ireland by Mr. Stanley, the Se-
cretary of the Treasury, are unfounded. It is, however,
true that Sir Henry Parnell retires from the situation of
Paymaster of- the Forces, and that Mr. Stanley will be
appointed to that office.

"...PRISONERS SETTING FIRE TO A GAOL.-A letter from
Loos, near Lisle, contained in the Journal de la Haye of
the 14th instant, states that the prisoners, to the amount
of 1,780,. confined in the Abbey of Loos, tired of the
severity they were subject to, set fire to their prison, at
the
,four corners, and endeavoured to escape. They
were, however, immediately surrounded by a strong body
of military and National Guards, who fired at, every
person who attempt:-d to escape. The confusion is de-
scribed as most horrible. The number. of persons killed
is not mentioned.

We understand that Mndlle.•Zaunitz gives an Evening
Concert on Monday next (the 21st), which will be under
the immediate patronage of the Archbishop of York.
The Concert will take place at the Queen's Concert-
room, Hanover-square, and judging from the excellent
programme which we have seen, and which comprises
selections from the best modern masters, we should say
that it will be fully and fashionably attended.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NE WS.

CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, JUNE 17.—We have had
a better demand for Cotton to-day from the trade, and the
Market may be considered to have advanced in improvement
con3iderably. The amount of business done is from 4,000 to
5,000 bales. Nothing in speculation or export.
LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, JUNE 17.—A very limited
husiness has been doing in the Share Market to-day. Grand
Junction, Quarter Shares, 251.0 London and Birmingham,
Quarter Shares, 23; Ditto, New Shams, 24k.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, JUNE 17.—Our market
closes' without any improvement; quotations as followsr,7
London and South Western, 54i 55; Manchester and Leeds,
521 53 ; London and Brighton, 44i 45 ; North Midland,
Half Shares, 34 34k; Manchester and Liverpool District
Bank, 20.4.

We have received the Journal of Antwerp of June 17.

BOURSE OF AMSTERDAM, JUNE the Funds were
heavy to-day, although there were no heavy sales, and all the
prices wera lower. The cause of this heaviness may be attri-
tutted to the approaching time when several of the Powers are
going to snake loans. France is expected daily to make a large
one ; 'Austria has concluded one ; Russia is also preparing to
raise money Vele Funds of the two last nations have fallen,
and our National Funds have followed the same example. The
Actions of the Society of Commerce were freely offered.
Ardoin's Spanish is heavy.