The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-08 00:00:00

MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 8, 184 7

MAGAZINES, &c. —(CONTINUED).

DOUGLAS JERROLD,
The three chapters of the "Dreamer and the
Worker" continued in this number are very good--
indeed, whenever as in these chapters the Dreamer
and the -Worker come into actual collision, the effect
is always excellent; but when the Dreamer appears
alone the interest is not kept up, and the story drags
heavily. " A Day in the New Forest" is a well
written description of the sylvan beauties of that dis-
graceful monument of the Norman Conquest. "No-
vember Clouds and Counsels," by Paul Bell,, is, to
quote the words of the great Paul himself, " dull
enough, God wot." " And when I look over what I
have written," saith Paul, " it seems as if the fog had
got into my pen or my pen into the fog"—a proposi-
tion the truth of which we are by no means disposed
to controvert. But, if Paul Bell is dull, Silverpen is
admirable. "The Works" of John Ironsb aft is the
best paper that has appeared in this magazine for
some months past. " The Carved Chests of the
Channel Islands," is an interesting description by Mr.
Hoskins of the old carved coffers of which every family
of "gentle blood" in the Channel Islands possesses
one or more, and in which they keep their most pre-
cious archives. The antiquary will be much interested
by the earlier portion of this paper, and the lover of
romance will revel in the story of the " Carved Oak
Chest," with which the paper concludes. The poetry
of this magazine is always good, and this month is no
exception to the rule. - The following, by E. L.
Chatterton, is not unworthy of the muse of Beranger:

LINES
WRITTEN ON SEEING A BEGGAR KNEELING ON TEE

PAVEMENT TO SOLICIT ALM&
Why kneels't thou there, thou abject slave?
Why crouch thus low, with looks so wan?
Stand up, erect! if thou wouldst crave
Assistance from thy fellow man.

The Almighty Framer of this earth,
In love, with plenty made it teem;
And thou wert heir, e'en from thy birth,
Of wealth more than thou dar'st to dream.
Yes! thou—poor, humble, simple fool,—
Art joint inheritor of earth,
And yet remains't the willing tool
Of those who wrong'd thee fronalhy birth.
Up, like a man! assert thy right,
Nor stoop so low to bo down-trod;
Ask firmly, from the ham] of might,
The portion given thee by thy God.
Be dazzled not by rank's false glare,
Nor awed by each high-sounding name;
Thou art a man 'mongst men,--thy share
Of Nature's gifts then boldly claim.
But never more with downcast eye,
And body bending to the sod,
Degrade thou thus humanity,
And kneel to man as to thy God.

ir MURRAY'S ROME and COLONIAL LIBRARY.
Nos. XLVIII., X LIX., L., and LL— The River
Amazon—The Wayside Cross—Manners and Customs
of India—Gleig's Washington and New Orleans.
A passion seems to have taken hold of publishers
now-a-days for the production of serial libraries.
Fortunately for the people such is the case, for in lieu
of ephemeral broadsheets they are now supplied with
valuable works—works worthy of preservation on the
bookshelf, and accessible to the million, from their
remarkable cheapness. Of this character is the
library cf Mr. Bohn, of Mr. Bogue, of Mr. Burns,
and of Mr. Bentley. Mr. Murray emulates his en-
terprising contemporaries in
.the present reasonably-
priced and excellent publication. Month after month
the works are issued with the utmost regularity, and
their varied contents is a sufficient augury as to the
ultimate importance of the enterprise. Travels, bio-
graphies, histories, fictions, and journals, follow each
other with agreeable diversity, and render the Home
and Colonial Library as motley in character as it is
moderate in price, and neat in general arrangement.

SHARPE'S MODERN MAPS. Parts IX. and X.
Theset elaborate and cheap delineations of the globe
are continued with no abatement of excellence in any
one particular. They comprise maps of " Western
Russia from the Baltic to the Euxine," " Russia on
the Euxine," " Russia on the Caucasus," and " Russia
in Europe ;"—the vastness of the dominions of the
Autocrat, and the minuteness of the annotation pecu-
liar to this serial, necessitating such a piecemeal pub-
lication.

HISTORY OF ENGLAND DURING THE
THIRTY YEARS' PEACE. No. VII.
A beautiful engraving of a very great man—Bo-
livar—adds this month to the attractions of the con-
tinuation of the " Pictorial History of England,"
edited by Charles Knight. No. VII. closes with the
death of old George 111., on the 29th of January,
1820. As far as the work has proceeded it appears
to us to be of extraordinary importance; the facts of
this memorable period of thirty years' peace are re-
corded with admirable simplicity and with still
more admirable impartiality. The work deserves
universal encouragement.

•
THE NEW COUNTY COURT'S
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN:
your columns upon matters connected with the
New County Courts, I have ventured to trouble you
with some remarks upon the unjust treatment which
numbers of persons are compelled to endure in con-
sequence of the short-sightedness with which the
Act has been framed.
Southport, the town in which I reside (a popular,
and, indeed, a populous, watering-place on the coast
of Lancashire), although it has for some years been
a place of considerable importance, has a great part
of its public affairs (with the exception of its local
government) transacted at Ormskirk, a small but
ancient town, nine miles distant. At this town the
court for a large district, including Southport, is
held, and the deputy-clerk resides, practising there as
an attorney on his own account, and having a
partner residing here who shares in the Southport
business. At the Southport office causes may be
entered for trial, but when decided it is at the option
of the deputy's deputy whether the debt and costs,
or instalments, as the case may be, are paid here, or
the unfortunate creditor ordered.ito proceed to Orms-
kirk, it may be, to pay 2s. 6d., losing, perhaps, a
day's work, and being put to the expense of eighteen
miles travelling. This is not all. I know of
one case in which an individual received an order
of payment at one o'clock on the day in which at
four o'clock he was obliged to be nine miles
distant (Ormskirk), having tendered the amount at
what is called "The County Court-office" in this
town, which was refused by the semi-official I have
named. He arrived in Ormskirk just in time, and
was there informed that the money might have been,
and payments frequently were made at Southport,
but it evidently appears optional. Now, why should
this be the case ? In addition to the expense and in-
convenience of attending the trial, why should per-
sons be further inconvenienced by being compelled to
make their payments at Ormskirk ?
There is another feature in the Act to which I
cannot avoid using the term abominable—l allude to
the imprisonment of the unfortunates, and the treat-
ment they unilergo. It seems to me that our law-
makers who concocted the Act laboured under the
notion that all persons who refused payment of sums
under 201. were rogues and vagabonds, and ought to
be treated as such ; or that if a person was so wicked
as to be unfortunate, the sooner he is consigned to
prison, and his family to the workhouse, the better.
If this was not the cause of the clause it will most
certainly have the effect. When a batch of prisoners
from this neighbourhood arrive at Kirkdale gaol, they
are immediately stripped, cropped, and bathed ; they
are then clothed in prison garb, and have to pick
oakum, without being allowed to speak to their un-
fortunate companions. It may easily be imagined
that, amongst what I have called a batch," there
are persons of the moat dissipated character, there
are poor but honest individuals, and there are persons
of refined manners and keen sensibility, who have
been determined to resist some case of imposition.
Is it reasonable that persons of such various disposi-
tions should be thus treated, and thus compelled to
herd together ? Is it right that honest and indus-
trious persons should be at the mercy of unfeeling
creditors or pettifogging lawyers ? Could it have
been intended that a creditable person, who owes
under 201., should be treated as a felon, whilst a
scoundrel, who owes hundreds, is treated with respect,
and chooses his apartment like a gentleman ?
I have said that the effect of the imprisonment
clause would be the ruin of families, and their con-
signment to the workhouse. The orders for payment
are not always made in accordance with the means of
the defendants. Persons frequently find it impossible
to make their payments regularly; in default they
are sent to prison for perhaps twenty or thirty days,
and their circumstances have in the meantime become
worse. The imprisonment they undergo does not
satisfy any portion of the debt, so that they may be
repeatedly sent back again ; and what else but ruin
can be the consequence ? If they could not pay when
they went how are they to pay on their return, when
their employment is perhaps lost, andatheir homes ne-
cessarily deserted ? There may be idle, worthless
characters, whose cases have been taken for the
standard f the rest; but it is not right that ninety-
nine innocent persons should suffer rather than one
that is guilty should escape.
The plaintiffs are also aggrieved. A poor servant-
girl, who had summoned her master for wages,
amounting to 155., was compelled to go to Ormskirk
to receive the amount, the case having been with-
drawn. I could multiply cases and arguments to
some extent to prove that the law is not what it was
intended to be—" An Act for the more easy and
cheap recovery of small debts," but that in its opera-
tion it is the vilest law that ever disgraced the
statute-book ; but I am afraid that I have encroached
too much upon your valuable space.
Yours, &c., F. W. ROBINSON.
Southport, Nov. 2, 1847.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Siss,—l beg leave to observe that the paragraph in
your money article of yesterday, referring to a house
of navy agency in this town, is entirely destitute of
foundation, there being no such house here or in the
neighbouring towns; and it has excited a strong feel-
ing of surprise and disapprobation, that a statement
of such mischievous import should have been circu-
lated without being duly authenticated.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant.
A NAVY AGENT.
Plymouth, Nov. 6, 1847.

CANINE SAGACITY.
FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
In Caroline-street, in the parish of St. Mary,
Lambeth, may be seen a fine specimen of the " sheep-
dog," whose sagacious powers have long attracted the
attention of the whole neighbourhood. He makes a
daily practice of parading the street, on either side, at
the several meal hours, and placing himself in front
of the windows of the houses, solicits charity (al-
though well fed by his master) at the hands of the
inmates, who fail not to supply him with "uncon-
sidered trifles," for which he returns thanks by a loud
bark. The stately manner with which he peram-
bulates, first on one side and then on the other, and
the correctness of the hour he waits on his numerous
benefactors, is truly surprising ; and those who may
chance not to possess a time-piece to denote the period
for dinner, or fail to hear the bells ring at the neigh-
bouring potteries for the departure of the workmen,
have only to look out at their doors, and they will as
punctually find the sagacious creature begging from
window to window for about the space of five
minutes.

This valuable animal is the property of Mr. Pep-
loe, coach builder, residing in the street before-
mentioned, and prides himself not a little by possess-
ing such a faithful and extraordinary creature, with
powers not generally found in the sheep-dog.
He takes his station at a regular hour in the coach-
yard towards evening and by his watchfulness during
the night is instrumental in protecting the valuable
property on the premises from the numerous attacks
of thieves, who, in defiance of the police, have so
long infested the district. He is well known by the
name of " Bob," and is a ',complete pet with the chil-
dren in the locality, many of whom indulge them-
selves by having a ride on his glossy back, and with
which he appears much pleased, wagging his stumpy
tail in token of approbation.

TALE OF A SAIRT.—A "navvy" was apprehended
at Lincoln the other day on a charge of stealing from a
poor man a shirt, but the owner refused to prosecute.
It appeared that the two parties were in a public•house
together the other day, when one offered to the other a
shirt which he had to sell. After the regular beating
down of price the shirt was bought for one shilling, and
the seller left the room. Shortly afterwards the pur-
chaser discovered that he had bought his own shirt,
which the pretended owner had cleverly abstracted from
his bundle and had sold to him.—Lincolnshire Chronicle.
SEIZURE FOR RATES ON A RAILWAY.—On Wed-
nesday morning a novel scene took place at the Chelms-
ford Railway station—nothing less than the officers of
justice marching upon the line, warrant in hand, and
clutching with the strong arm of the law a first•class
carriage in payment of the sum of 311. due for poor-rates
to the parish of Margaretting. It seems the directors
imagined themselves aggrieved by the weight the over-
seers laid upon them, and commenced an appeal at the
last quarter Session, when it was thought the question
was in a train for decision, but they suddenly stopped
short and abandoned it. Still the cash was not forth-
coming ; nothing was therefore left for it bat a little
compulsion. As the trains, however, made no stoppage
in Margaretting, but went whizzing and snorting, and
whistling on, as much as to say—" we wish you may get
it," and as cuttings and embankments and drains and
bridges are not very saleable commodities, it was found
necessary to put the law in motion in the neighbouring
parish of Chelmsford. Accordingly a warrant was
issued, signed by Capt. Skinner, chairman of the bench;
the carriage, once laid hold of; was committed to the
safe keeping of a strong lock, the worthy magistrate
holdin, the key, mad when last we heard of it certain
officials of the company were hovering round, endeavour-
ing by legal conjurations and mystic parchments to
bring it from the house of bondage to the freedom of the
rail.—Chelmsford Chronicle.
FLOATING BEDS.—Some curious and interesting
experiments were tried last week on the Serpentine
river, Ifyde-park, to test the powers and buoyancy of a
novel sort of hammock beds or mattresses, of very
simple construction, yet of importance to nautical people
and passengers in ships, and intended for the preserva-
tion of lives at sea in cases of shipwreck. Captain
Stevens and his son, and several gentlemen connected
with naval matters, threw themselves into the water,
into which the hammock-mattresses were also thrown.
They got hold of them, and found no difficulty in placing.
themselves upon them, and floating comparatively high
and dry by their assistance for a considerable time. The
experiments took place early in the morning to avoid a
crowd, but they were nevertheless witnessed by many
scientific persons and others
•
LARGE SWEDE.—Last
week, Mr. Hugh Bullen,
farmer, Ince Blundell, took from his field a Swede turnip,
,wtahkicenh weighedy._
a _,12(.171b._ after the roots and tops had been
ay,--, Manchester Courier,

THE CURRENCY.
THE ESSENTIAL ERROR. OF " PEEL'S
BILL" POINTED OUT, AND A PROMPT
AND EFFICIENT READ:DY SUGGESTED,
(The following paper has been printed for private
distribution, it contains many very valuable sugges-
tions:)—:

The Currency Act of 1819, so well known as
"Peel's Bill," is founded upon the supposition "that it
is essential for money to possess intrinsic value." This
is assumed to be an incontrovertible axiom by Mr.
Huskisson in a pamphlet which Iha published at that
time—Mr Huskisson's argument is supposed to have
converted the present Sir Robert Peel to the same
opinion. The assumption had popular prejudice in
its favour, and thus it was acted upon as a funda-
mental principle in what was then supposed to be the
final settlement of the currency question in this
kingdom. But, however true the axiom may be when
applied to the money used between different nations,
there is the clearest evidence to prove that it is not
essential for money to possess intrinsic value when
used as a legal circulating medium within any indi-
vidual nation. This will be apparent for the following
reasons :

Ist. That as all trade between different natiors is
conducted on the principle of barter, without regard
to the legal value attached to the money of each state,
so it:is obvious that the money used in such foreign
transactions is only valuable su far as it possesses in-
trinsic worth.

2d. Thet as all dealings within any given State are
transacted in the legal money of such State, without
regard to its intrinsic value, so it is obviously not
essential that money for these legal purposes should
possess intrinsic value.

3d. That Mr. Huskisson failed to distinguish this
difference between international money and legal or
conventional money, when, in 1819, he assumed it to
be an indisputable maxim that
," it is the essence of
money to possess intrinsic value." And it is believed
that Sir Robert Peel committed a fatal error when
(acting upon Mr. Huskisson's instructions) he made
this maxim the basis of his celebrated Bill of 1819.
4th. That in opposition to the principle assumed
in Mr. Huskisson's maxim, the experience of this
nation shows that legal tender bank notes and Ex-
chequer bills may possess the essential attribute of
legal money without possessing intrinsic value.
sth. That the only attribute essential to legal or
conventional money is that the State authority be
attached to it, so as to render it the medium of a legal
discharge of all taxes, rents, dividends, and other
credit engagements, within the realm ; and though
that authority may be, and is attached to a piece of
metal when duly coined, it may (as before observed)
be equally given to a piece of paper when duly signed.
Gth. That it is an error which must be fatal to the
well-being of any nation to allow credit engagements
to exist to an almost unlimited extent, and at the same
time to restrict the legal fulfilment of those engage-
ments to specific pieces of coined gold, unless it could
be shown that those specific pieces of coined gold can
be called into existence to an equal extent with those
credit engagements, which all past experience shows
is not possible ; although many nations, once great,
have been ruined in the attempt to do it.
7th. That all the pecuniary difficulties which this
nation has experienced since the termination of the
French war, and especially those difficulties which
are now experienced, may, it is believed, be fairly
traced to our vain attempts to make some hundreds
of millions of credit engagements, representing all
sorts of commodities, solely redeemable in a few mil-
lions of bank notes or gold sovereigns ; and those
bank notes themselves, immediately redeemable solely
in pieces of stamped gold of specific weight, of which
there are now little more than eight millions in the
Bank coffers ; and an Act of Parliament being in
operation which virtually prevents even those eight
millions from being made use of at those times when
they are most wanted by the public.
Bth. That the impracticability of the present
system has now become so manifest as to demand an
immediate remedy, and it is doubtless desirable that
such remedy should interfere as little as possible with
existing institutions and customs.
In furtherance of this object it is suggested,—
First, That the Bank of England be authorised to
issue bank notes to the amount of the half year's
national revenue, say 25,000,000/.
Secondly, That the directors of the Bank be re-
quired to pay bank notes on demand in the legal gold
or silver coin of the realm, as was the case in 1797,
before the Bank Restriction Act of that year was
passed.

- But past experience shows, that in times of war or
famine the price of the metals of which our coins are
made, may, as articles of foreign barter, exceed the
price attached to them as our legal money. This
was the case in 1796, when it appears by the evi-
dence of the late Mr. Abraham Newland, the Bank was
obliged to buy gold as a metal at 4/. Bs. per oz , and
to part with it as a coin at the rate of 3/. 17s. 10Id.
per oz. It is manifestly unjust and inexpedient to
require the Bank, under such circumstances, to part
with gold and silver in coin, at the mint price ; which,
when melted, may be immediately sold to her again
as metal, at a much higher price, compelling her at
such times so to contract her issues as seriously to
cripple the internal circulation of the nation ; it is
therefore suggested,—
Thirdly, That whenever, from any temporary
causes, the price of gold or silver, as metals, shall
exceed the price attached to them as coins, at such
times the directors shall be allowed to pay bank
notes, in specie, at the same price as that at which
they may be compelled to buy it. And to prevent
the possibility of the Bank trading in specie to the in-
convenience of the public, that it shall be imperative
upon the directors, at such times to offer for gold or
silver precisely the same price as that at which they
are ready to part with them.

In addition to these suggestions, it may be desir
able to stipulate that there should be some restriction
as to the proportionate amount of silver coin to be
tendered in any one payment; for instance, in all
payments of 10/. and upwards, the receiving party
might be legally authorised to object to the receipt of
silver coin for more than one-fifth of the whole pay-
ment. And in all payments of silver for 25/. and
upwards, ingots, duly assayed and stamped by the
Mint, at the rate of ss. 2d. per oz., might be adopted
as money, and they would probably be found very
useful for foreign payments.
Any additional profit accruing to the Bank of
England from the adoption of these suggestions,
might be made a matter of commutation between that
establishment and the Government ; so that, after the
Bank was fabrly remunerated for the cost and respon-
sibility of managing this branch of our monetary
system, the surplus profit might be applied in aid of
the national revenue.
Oct. 7, 1847.

COMMITTAL OF PRINCE ALBERT.—In the alpha-
betical calendar of the prisoners now under committal
for terms of imprisonment in Reading Gaol, is the
following singular entry:—" Prince Albert, convicted
by John Higgs, Esq., for breaking windows in the
Union workhouse, Maidenhead; two calendar months'
hard labour." The man's name is, of course, Albert
Prince.
ATROCIOUS !—A most atrocious and horrible offence
has been committed at the Ferry Side, by an excavator,
named 'William Currie, who is charged with having com-
mitted a felonious assault on a child not more than three-
and-a-half years of age, to whom the human demon has
communicated a loathsome disease. He is about five
feet four inches in height, light hair and complexion, no
whiskers, and has a scar on the left check.—Carmarthen
Journal

A N.Ew CRIME.—A dentist, named Laine, but
passing by the name of Aims de Nevers, was on Satur-
day brought to trial before the Court of Assizes of the
Seine, on the charge of having committed criminal as-
saults on two young women, named Hyacinthe and
Henriette, whilst they were in a state of insensibility,
caused by the inhalation of the vapour of ether. From
the nature of the details which had to be entered into,
the trial took place with closed doors; but it transpired
that the young women, who had gone to the prisoner's
place of business in the Passage Vero-Dodat to have
teeth drawn, had been persuaded by him to inhale the
vapour of ether, on the ground that it would prevent
them from suffering pain; and when he had thrown
them into a somnolent state, which, however, they said
did not prevent them from knowing what passed,
he• committed the criminal assaults complained of'.
One of the girls declared, that though at the time
she knew well what was passing around her, she was
totally unable to offer any resistance, and that at the
moment the offence was committed she became uncon.
scions, and remained so for some time. The prisoner's
advocate said that the prisoner totally denied that he
was guilty, and the Learned Gentleman argued that the
effects produced by the inhalation of ether on the imagi-
nation were such flint it was very probable that the girls
might have taken their own hallucinations for facts. It,
however, appeared that one of the girls, on her return
home, had her dress in disorder, her hair dishevelled,
and was greatly agitated. The jury declared theri-
soner guilty, and the Court condemned him to six
years'
hard labour at the hulks, but without exposure on the
pillory. It also ordered the syndics of the prisoner's
since coru r criedlat ,
bankruptcy, his arrest having led to bankruptcy, to pay
one of the girls, who is under age, a sum of 1,500 f. as
damages. On leaving the Court t.htooe._psriins vehemently, " You have coridetnn,‘d an innocent man !
It was to obtain money that Mademoiselle Hyacinthe
lam innocentGa 1. I declare it with my
prosecutedhaanlyldeßsihs
aTosetdmrteoa
zyttunNt'soNll,le
pssenglesr.
IGod!”
he grocers
SUGARth rather more MARKET,
d' purchase, and a
have
amount of business has been chiefly in Barbadoes, at froisitTne3en7s.dtoon4eiBs.
good middling qualities. per ordinal y
moGlaussyes}.----,A_BwrrisisEtso/
RIOTS.
othing doing in rum or
Mercury.
riots which usually
A recur on this anniversary took place in several parts or
tbhee
some country,
which occurred in Lewes. On Tuesday, 170
special constables were sworn in as a pri caution, and so
of the metropolitan police went down. Bonfires and
tarbarrels were burnt as usual, and several acts of vio-
lence took place. Eight persons were arrested and com-
mitted by the magistrates for further examination.

•-•
:aw

fle • r-

FLANDERS MAIL.
I VIENNA, OCT. 30.—1 n consequence of the heavy
rains which have fallen during the last few days the
I
. , river has swollen so considerably that it has over-
flowed its banks. In the village of Meidling, about
halt a league from Vienna, it spread with such
rapidity in the course of the afternoon that it flooded
the houses, and threatened to cause great damage.
The wall of the Tercsian baths, which is forty
fathoms long, was broken by the force of the water.
The military immediately hastened to the spot; and
even his Imperial Highness Prince Albrecht came to
render his personal assistance. In Vienna itself the
inundation did not do much damage.
The Government has presented a petition to his
Majesty, humbly requesting- that, in consequence of
the continued depressed state of the times, his Ma-
jesty would be pleasel to grant some addition to the
salaries of those officers of the State who are in the
receipt of small salaries.
SPA, Nov. I.—The number of strangers who
Lave visited Spa since the commencement of the season
amounts to 5,007. Of whom there were, English
91 G, French 1,056, Dutch 356, Germans 296
Russians 103, Italians 32, Poles 38, Americans 14,
Spaniards 25, Portuguese 4, Swiss 10, Danes 1,
Swedes 2, Belgians 2,154.
FATAL DUEL—GHENT, Nov. 4.—Towards dusk
on Tuesday, a duel with pistols, which terminate
fatally, took plsce at Gend Brugge, between M.
Lange, an officer of the 3d regiment of the line,
and M. Renandeyn, of Bruges, who was, some years
ago, brought before the Court of Assizes, of Brussels,
on a charge of having committed a forgery, to the
prejudice of a lady in London, with whom he had
relations. M. Rensndeyn obtained pardon of the
lady in question. This lady is said to have been the
cause of the duel. At the fifth shot the ball entered
the body of M. Renandeyn, and killed him on the
spot. His bleeding body remained lying on the
ground till the following morning, when the Judge
of Instruction and the King's Procurator repaired to
the spot to hold an autopsy, and proceed into the
inquiry. It is said that the officer immediately sur-
rendered, and has refused to give up the names of the
persons who acted as seconds.

PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BRELIN, Nov. 5.
Vlls. Money.
92

St.Schuld Sch., pe:Cent
Pruss.EngFsli Bores, 1830, Cert..
Foreign .....
Exchange on -f..1 Sterling, 3 Months 6 26% 6 26%