The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANITAAY 12, 1847

NEW WORK BY G. W. FEATIIERSTONIIAUGH, ESQ.
Now ready, in 2 vols. Bvo., with Map and Plates. 28s. bound,
A.. C ANOE
TO THE MINNAY SOTOR.
VOYAGE
With an Account of some Load and Copper Deposits in Wisconsin;
and of the Gold Region in the Cherokee Country, &c.
By G. W. FEATIIERSTONHAUGII, Esq., F.R.S., &C.
Author of " Excursions in the Slave States,"
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
(Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.)

RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.
MESSRS. LAMOND and Co., RAILWAY
SHARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and
to announce that their Public Sales of Railway %Shares, &c.,
take place every TUESDAY and FIIDIY, at One o'clock, at the
Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
favours, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectfhlly
requested to be addressed.

All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day
orevious to their being offered ; and advices of results will be
»rwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds imme-
diately disposed of according to instructions.
Offices, Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street, London.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, JANUARY 12.
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 28; Highest, 32 ; Noon, 34.

BAROMETER, 30.06.-WIND E., fine.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE Tiflb DAY.
Morning .. 14 minutes after 9. I Evening .. 48 minutes after 9.

sense.

sacred office of a Deputy selected by the people, and a
member of the Spanish Cortes, the Ministers have not
simultaneously violated the law of the 25th
April, 1846, and thereby committed a crime
expiable only by capital punishment! Under similar cir-
cumstances a monarch would be sheltered under the
shadow of that august dogma—" The King can do no
wrong." Such protection an Administration is alto-
gether without; for we have yet to learn that " Mi-
nisters can do no wrong." There is no loophole, in-
deed, through which ISTURITZ and his colleagues can
escape ; there is no subterfuge by which they can
be screened ; there is no excuse which can be
accepted as a palliation. After ministering to the
ruthless ambition of a foreign potentate ; after bar-
tering the liberties of their country for the favour of
a French Sovereign and the presentation of a few
gaudy ribbons; after rendering their post as
Minis-
ters to Iberian royalty a mockery and a shame ; after
bowing like vassals to the will of a Gallic Ambas-
sador, and winking at the rapacity of a regal concu-
bine, the Government of the Afrancesados has now
rendered itself for ever odious and detestable by an
unparalleled violation of the laws of the empire.

We regret far less that our Contemporary, the
Morning Advertiser, cannot concur in the views we
have offered in opposition to the immediate abolition '
of capital punishment, than that we cannot coincide
with those which they have embraced in its favour.
The primary instincts of humanity rest undoubtedly
with their side of the question—and it is impossible
to divest oneself of great respect for those who enlist
their feelings and energies in aid of philanthropy.
But while we honour their sentiments we arraign
their judgment. We hope and believe that the day
will come when extreme punishment may safely be
blotted out from the statute-book. They think the
time is already come—and herein lies the chief point
of difference between us. On the other hand, we are
glad to perceive a union of opinion in other respects.
Our opponents agree with us that polemical contro-
versy had better be left to professed theologians, and
therefore that civilians especially would do well,
when addressing public meetings on this question, to
avoid referring to the Scriptures; and they further
agree with us when they state, that "it is not by the
gallows that men or governments are to reform and
improve society, but by a moral, religious, and
Christian education." When the blessings of such
an education shill have been universally diffused
among the people, then, in the natural order of things,
will the black apparatus of death become obsolete in
practice ; but when we are urged, by those desirous of
prohibiting forfeiture of life by law, to infer and be-
lieve, that the people are already sufficiently educated
in, and imbued with, the principles of morality and
religion, we grieve to think they are in error in
drawing such flattering conclusions.
We concede to our Contemporary that the abstract
merits of the question of the expediency of abolishing
capital punishment are not, and indeed ought not to 111
be, affected by the unskilful arguments and infelici-
tous illustrations in which the speakers at public
meetings have recently indulged. But these speakers
look to win over public opinion by the conviction
which, as they conceive, they ought to work in oppo-
sition to the existing law; and therefore they ought
to have been more painstaking in the selection of
their materials for accomplishing the end which
(however mistakingly) they humanely hold in
view. The unhappy juxta-position in which they
placed murderers with lunatics, objects of real com-
miseration, and still worse, with-the honourable pro-
fession of the British soldier, is revolting to common

The hypercritical argument, that the word
" sword," historically considered, is, in the text, " the
magistrate beareth not the sword in vain," as em-
blematical in its signification as the word "sceptre "
would have been, is altogether devoid of weight.
The sceptre has always been an emblem of regal
power—the sword, from time immemorial, an instru-
ment of destruction. " The sword" may, or may
not be used in an emblematical sense ; "the sceptre "
can only be used emblematically. But, granting the
word " sword," in the passage alluded to, to be purely
emblematical, then it is an emblem of magisterial
power, absolute, or restrained by law. If the law
warrant punishment by death, as is the case in this
country, then does capital punishment certainly seem
to be authorised by the text ; for we are told that the
sword shall not be borne "in vain." If the magis-
trate's power be absolute, and merely dependent upon
his will, the case becomes still worse for the view
contended for by the abolitionists. With all due de-
ference, then, we must adhere to our original stric-
tures upon the speech of Mr. ALFRED STEVENS.
Our Contemporary asserts, that if punishment does
not prevent crime, it should not be sanctioned. But
the fact, that murder is still committed does not
make good the truth of his assertion ; because no
punishment, hitherto invented, secondary or justly
proportioned as it may have been to the offence per-
petrated, has had the desirable effect of extinguishing
that or any other particular species of crime ;
whereas, if our opponents' proposition be sound, it
would, when pushed to its legitimate results, lead to
the abrogation of all punishment whatsoever. Let
us try our Contemporary a little further. He con-
tends life ought not to be taken away under any
circumstances. Suppose a man to enter his room,
and threaten his life with a loaded pistol
at his breast, and the alternative to be that
he must either kill his assailant, or be killed him-
self. 'We apprehend the answer to be, that he would
be justified in taking the life of the assassin in self.
defence. Precisely upon the same principle does so-
ciety act, in its collective capacity, as he would do in his
individual. If it be rejoined that it is not a necessary
act on the part of the State to take life, when the prisoner
is in safe custody, we answer that the purpose of the
law (which is never one of vengeance) is not only
adequately to punish the criminals, but so to punish
as to act as a warning to others, and thus to
defend society at large, as far as it can, from the
inhuman sacrifice of innocent blood.

Again, we are challenged " to account for
the decrease of some kinds of crime since
the substitution of secondary for capital punish-
ments." In the first place, we would observe that
executions are comparatively rare to what they
were, and so far we have a reasonable presumption
that the present law is working favourably. In the
next, we might deny that crimes, to which secondary
punishments are attached, have decreased. And here
we would remark the complete absence of all statistics
in the numerous speeches that have of late been made
upon this momentous topic. Our adversaries are bound
to furnish their statistics. We could then analyse them,
and discover what they are worth. However, crimes
may have been lessened on account of secondary
punishments being more justly proportioned to the
respective gravity of offences, and that, as a conse-
quence of this, parties have been more willing to pro-
secute, whereby a prompt and certain punishment
now overtakes offenders, who formerly escaped with
impunity from the severity of the law. Another
reason may be, that by the enactment of better lawn,
incentives to different crimes have been removed.
Such was the case with respect to forgery, when the
ore-pound notes were done away with. Such
has likewise been the case by better understood laws
of revenue leading to the extinction of smuggling,
formerly the prolific source of so much shedding of
human blood. These are suggestive reasons which
we advance to convince our opponents that they
ought to produce their statistics. We do not yield
to them in sentiments of humanity, but we feel we
best appreciate this sentiment when we evince a dis-
inclination to the extinction of a law, framed for the
protection of our lives, being carried by unsupported
dicta, and reasonings, which, however specious, are
nevertheless feeble and inconclusive.

The memorial from the noblemen, gentlemen, and
landed proprietors of the county of Kilkenny, which
has recently been presented to the Lord-Lieutenant
of Ireland, is deserving of the best attention and most
serious consideration, not merely from the rank,
respeetability, and intelligence of the gentlemen by
whom it has been transmitted, but from the moderate
and just character of the suggestions it offers and the
benefit that would be conferred on the country by
their adoption. Nothing can be more valuable than
that the parties so deeply interested in any legislative
measures that may be introduced for the regulation of
the employment of Irish labour, and its due direction
into the most beneficial channels in the manner least
oppressive and burdensome to existing interests, should
f
ully inquire into the nature of the existing laws, and

the manner in which they can be carried into execu-
tion, that those persons should point out the practical
inconveniences that may be found to attend their
working, and to render them less advantageous to all
parties than they might be made by the adoption of
some slight modifications or alterations. Even if the
conclusions arrived at should not be fully warranted
by the premises, and that the Executive should not be
disposed to approve thereof to the fullest extent, the
discussion that must take place, the facts on which the
opinions are founded, and the several details that will
inevitably be elicited, must tend to the propagation of
sound principles and their eventual triumph. The
Treasury minute regulating advances under the
Drainage Acts, to which we have already adverted,
has obtained the almost unanimous approbation of the
Irish landowners, but, excellent as it is admitted to be,
there are some additional points in which it might be
ameliorated. It enables persons desirous of improving
their estates to do so in the most desirable manner.
They are permitted to select the particular works, to
carry on operations without being burdened with the '
cost of unnecessary and expensive superintendence ;
a fair time is afforded to them for the repayment of
the advances that may be given. The period within
which the entire amount must be liquidated appears
to have been most judiciously chosen, so as to pre-
serve the just rights both of the tenant for life and
the remainder-man. The interest to be charged is
very moderate, and little, if any burden, will be felt by
the borrower, for the increased value of the lands con-
sequent upon the outlay will be amply sufficient to
pay the full amount of the instalments both for
principal and interest, so that there will be no dimi-
nution of the annual revenue of the proprietors,
while the lands are permanently improved. But in
Ireland it is essentially necessary that every en-
couragement should be given to those persons who
are anxious honourably to fulfil the duties incidental
to their position ; and, on the other hand, that no ,
loophole should be given by which the negligent
landlord should be permitted to evade or escape from
his just responsibilities. It would, indeed, be too hard
to eaet tho entire burden on the kind-hearted and
benevolent of not merely finding occupation for the
destitute poor belonging to their own estates, but
also of bearing a portion of the expenses occasioned by
the apathy and disregard of duty of their neighbours.
The Kilkenny memorial points out that those per-
sons who avail themselves of the provisions of the
million Drainage Act would still be liable for their
full proportion of the baronial assessments under the
Labour-rate Act. Although they may provide work for
their own people, and give employment to a larger
number of persons than would fairly be required in
proportion to the quantity and quality of their lands,
they would have to pay as large a rate for unpro-
ductive and useless works as the parties for
the support of whose tenantry and dependents
these works were solely required, whereas, if they
proceeded under Mr. L AnoucHEßE'sletter, andobtained
presentments for useful works sufficient to give full
occupation to the unemployed labourer in the elec-
toral division, they would be wholly (and most pro-
perly) exempted from any portion thereof. It would,
therefore, be more desirable to proceed in the latter
manner, but that the terms offered are much less
favourable to the borrower, both as to the rate of in-
terest and the period for the repayment of the prin-
cipal, than those offered by the Drainage Acts; there
would also be a heavy additional expenditure in the
payment of the staff, &c., which would deter the
proprietor from availing himself of these advantages.
It is, therefore, suggested, " that in any enactment
which may hereafter have reference to this subject,
as long a period for repayment of the money, and as
low a rate of interest as allowed under any
other Act, should' be granted to the bor-
rowers; and also that such an Act should have
a retrospective view in justice to those landlords who
may have already availed themselves of the provisions
of Mr. LABOUCHERE'S letter." These propositions
are not only just in themselves, but are based on
sound policy. Every encouragement should be given
to those who have come forward in the first instance
and set a good example to their neighbours ; other-
wise, all would hang back and bide their time,
until they saw whether any better conditions could
be obtained, and the most beneficial measures would
be retarded and delayed.
The next suggestion offered—" That in any future
enactment any proprietor who may be willing to
take the full amount of his proportion of the assess-
ment°_el.. for productive worlre 1.1 not ha liable to
any part of the remaining sum to be levied on the
electoral division"—is of the highest importance. We
have long been convinced that it is the only means by
which all the landowners can be induced to act
fairly and to improve their properties, and bring their
lands into the highest degree of cultivation. It is
now more than four months since we asserted the
principle, and it has since obtained many influential
advocates. When once the proprietor of the soil is
convinced that the poor of his estate must be sup-
ported, either in idleness or in useful industry, and
that he himself must pay for that support, that he
cannot cast any portion of the expense on other and
more innocent parties, there is little doubt that he
will adopt that course which is at the same time
most beneficial for himself and for the public in
general.
The other suggestion is to the effect " that some
outlet should be afforded to the surplus population by
offering every facility for emigration." Thislls
doubtless
consideration. impo rtan
wrt
e top
are topic, and and one worthy of
serious
not, however, dis-
posed to place so much faith in emigration as a
a most
remedy for the ills of Ireland as has been given
to it by many intelligent persons. We
do not concur in the opinion that the social ills of
Ireland are produced by an excess of population ; on
the contrary, we think there is an ample field for the
useful occupation of every able-bodied man in the
country, in the full development of its
resources, in
the reclaiming and bringing into cultivation the
3,755,000 acres of waste land which, according to the
report of Mr. RICHARD GRIFFITHS, the eminent
civil engineer, published in 1845, might be drained
and cultivated with advantage, and in the
bringing into better condition the 14,000,000
acres already in
tillage, but not half cul-
tivated, and which .the most competent per-
might be made to quadruple
sons are of opinion
their produce by judicious improvements. The same
amount of money that would be required to expatriate
an industrious family,
and settle them with some de-
gree of comfort in another land, would reclaim a
sufficient quantity of waste land to support them
with equal comfort in their native country. Some
allowance should be made for the feelings of the
parties themselves, and none should be compelled
into banishment, without
'
to emigrate, to be driven 1
their full and free consent. If adopted at all, it should
be merely as an auxiliary remedy to the great and
paramount ones—the reclamation and improvement of
waste land—and not by any means as a main relief
for the ills of Ireland. We shall, however, gladly
hail the full discussion of which the subject is so
worthy, and which must tend to elicit and eventu-
ally establish the truth.

An insurrectionary movenaent took place in the
canton of Fribourg, on the 6th. The inhabitants of
the districts of Bulle, Mora.t, and Romont, assembled
for the purpose of marching on the capital in two
columns. Finding, however, that the Government was
prepared to resist the attack, they retreated.

Intelligence has been received of the death of Lord
BERNARD HOWARD, at. Cairo, on the 21st ult., from
congestion of the brain. llis Lordship was the third
son of the Duke of N GarOLK.

Advices from
De-
cemberConsta announce
-a partial change in the Turkish
ntinople of the 24th of
Ministry :
" The old Sera skier Hosref Pacha has fallen, and has
been replaced bz S
Empire. _ Said Pacha as Generalissimo of tha

"barbohor nvisehld Paella lifts been made a muchir.
Wirt "It is said Paella has been named aide-decamp
of the Sultan, still retaining his office of Minister of
Cm.nmerce. "This is a most important move, and may
lead Pa a crisi's for the present Ministry.

We mentioned yesterday that intelligence had been
bnought fri mm Lisbon to the 6th by the steamer Achilles, a Id that CABAL had defeated the Miguelite
Gene fal, M, tchoNNELL, at Braga. The following is
CAB AL'S OffiCl4 il dispatch :
"
ous and Excellent Sir,—lt having come
to myloknotutrlesdgie.
that the Miguelite guerrillas, with
M 4cdonnell at their head, causal much inquietude in
tkio Provi.hco of ti= t}„, carrying their hardihood to the

extent of appointing authorities in the name of the pro-
scribed usurper, and giving it out that my division is in
accordance with them, I resolved to march on this city
for the purpose of attacking these enemies of her
Majesty's throne and of the national liberties ; and I
now proceed to give you a succinct account of the attack
which took place yesterday, to be submitted to their
Majesties, until I shall have time to describe it more in
detail. I entered Braga yesterday by main force, and
succeeded in completely defeating Macdonnell. That
adventurer had entrenched himselt within the city, and
forced from 1,500 to 2,000 men, whom he had with him,
in great part soldiers of Evora Monte, to fight despe
rately. They had 240 killed, some of them being
colonels and lieutenant-colonels, and one major prisoner.
We had 36 killed and wounded—four officers of the
number. We had also two horses wounded and one
killed. The fire lasted for four hours.

" God guard your Excellency I
" BARON CASAL.
" Head-quarterc at Braga, Dec. 21, 1846."
CASAL issued the following proclamation the day
after the battle :

"Inhabitants of the province of Minho,—An English-
man without character, a Spaniard utterly unknown,
four ecclesiastics, the disgrace of
-their order, and half-a-
dozen men without name, virtue, or morality, seducing
some and forcing others, have waged war against him
who offered you peace, and sealed with blood my en-
trance into this province, when I meant to have strewn
my path with roses. The valiant division under my
command has inflicted on them the merited chastisement
—may the lesson prove beneficial I Mercy is open to
those who shall repent, but justice will fall with all its
rigour on those who shall not desist from their criminal
intentions. Inhabitants of the province of Minho, the
legitimate authorities are installed, anarchy has ceased,
and the necessary orders are issued for the re-establish-
ment of tranquillity. I reckon as much on the subordi-
nation of my soldiers as on the devotedness of my
countrymen. Misled and deceived men, abandon for
ever a banner—if such name it deserve—abhorred for its
injustice and forgotten for its antiquity. Spare your-
selves inevitable chastisement. Run to me—the arms
of a brother :are open to receive you, and I guarantee
the clemency of the illustrious Queen who presides over
our; destinies. Let ' Queen and Charter' be our de-
vice ; obey, and you will be happy. (Here follow the
usual vivas.)

" BARON CASAL.

" Braga, Dec. 21, 1846."
The insurrectionary Junta at St. Michael's sent
on the 19th of December an officer to Terceira, re-
quiring it to join the movement. The Governor,
however, refused, and sent the officer back to St.
Michael's.

The extreme severity of the weather has prevented
SALDANHA from undertaking anything of import-
ance. He was at Pombal on the 3d with the Ist and
2d brigade of the army of operations. His dispatches
announce that very many of DAs ANTAS'S soldiers
have deserted over to him. On the 31st no fewer than
43 cante over from the 7th Infantry and 7th Ono.-
dores. On New Year's-day 21 came over, and on the
following day four more.

On the last day of the year the QUEEN gave a
grand dinner at the Palace of the Necessidades to
Admiral PARKER and the Commanders of the several
vessels composing the British squadron in the Tagus,
and to Colonel WTLDE and Mr. SOUTHERN, the British
Charge d'Affaires.

The Diario announces that—" Her MAJESTY
desired by this dinner to give a testimony to our
ancient ally of the value she sets on the relations of
friendship which bind the two countries." The
Ministers and other official persons were likewise
present.
The Diario thus describes the state of Portugal at
the close of the year 1846 :
" Here, on the last day of 1846, we are without trade,
without authorities, withdut law, without security, with-
out property, without peace, without order, without
means, without credit, in the midst of bloodshed, loss of
life, and every calamity and disaster."
Accounts from Angola announce the destruction of
two slavers by the Portuguese war schooner Nympha.
The Portuguese troops in that colony had achieved a
victory over the natives.

Madrid journals to the ith have arrived.

The father of Senor OLOZAOI died at Madrid on
the 3d. His death, which, it is said, was hastened
by the treatment his son has received, has excited a
great sensation. Senor OLOZAGA is himself confined
in the citadel of Pampeluna, where he is retained
au secret.

The following are copies, hi the original Spanish,
followed by translations, of the passport of Senor
OLOZAGA, delivered to him by the Spanish Consul
at Bayonne, and of the warrant of PIDAL, the
Minister of the Home Department, for his arrest :

" COPIA DEL PABAPORTH.

" No. 173.—En nombre de S. M. Dona Isabel IL de
Borblim por D. G. Reyna de Todas las Espanas.
'• El COasul de Espana en eomision en este puerto de
Bayolla y sus depauavumas, eTua4 zropea ue musta
mante. del Consejo de S. M., &c., &c.
" Concedo libre y seguro pasaporte al Excellentissimo
Senor Don Salustiano Olozaga, diputado I COrtes electo,
oaraque por Irun pase a Madrid, i egercer su cargo de
diputado. Yo ruego a las autoridades, civiles y mili-
cares, asi Francesas como Espanolas, no le popgun im•
pepimento en su viage, y le ausilien en lo que pueda
ueesssitar.

" Dado en Bayona, S. 24 de Diciembre de 1846.
" Firmado, JOSE LOPEZ DE BUSTAMANTE.
"Derechos gratis.—Va sin enmienda.
" Visado por las autoridades de Bayona, Beobie, 6
Irun; la prima e 124, y la segunda el 25 de Diciembre."
(Translation.)
" COPY OF THE PASSPORT.
"No 173—1 n the name of her Majesty Donna Isabel
H. de Bourbon, Queen by the grace of God of all the
Spains.
"Don JoE6 Lopez de Bustamente, Consul for Spain in
this port :of Bayonne, and one of the Council of her
Majesty, &c.,

"Grants free and secure passport to his Excellency
Senor Don Salustiano Olozaga, elected deputy to the
Cortes, to pass by the way of Irun to Madrid, there to
exercise his duty as deputy. And I request of the au-
thorities, both civil and military, whether French or
Spanish, that they present no impediment to his journey,
and that they aid it in whatever may be necessary.
" Given in Bayonne, Dec. 24, 1846.
" JOSE LOPEZ DE BUSTAMANTE.
" Duties' free.—Proceed without any question of cor-
rection on this document.

" Vised by the authorities of Bayonne, Beobia, and
Irun ; by the former on the 24th, and by the latter on
the 25th of D, cember."

" COPIA DE LA ORDEN DE ARRESTO.

" Ministerio de la Gobernacion de la Peninsula,
Seccion de Gobierno.—(Reservado.)
" Habiendo tenido noticia S. M. la Reyna qua Don
Salustiano Olozaga se ha introducido en Espana, se ba
servido mandar, de acuerdo con su Consejo de Ministros,
que donde quiera que seu halls& se le arreste y se It
condurca I la Ciudadela de Pamplona, donde perms,
nerca pare sur jurgado con arreglo alas leyes por el tri-
bunal competente. Y siendo el Capitan de la Guardia
D—, portado de esta, uno de los engardos de este
comicion, os la voluntad de S. M. que los (ides Politicos
y autoridades ante quienes se presente le faciliten
cuantos ausilios, &c. " PIDAL.
" Madrid, 2S de Diciembre, de 1846."
(Translation.)
" COPY OF THE ORDER OF ♦RREST.

" Ministry of the Government of the Peninsula,
Section of the Home Department.—(Private.)
"It having been intimated to her Majesty the Queen
that Don Salustiano Olozaga has made his way into
Spain, her Majesty has ordered, in concurrence with ber
Council of Ministers, that he be arrested wheresoever he
may be found, and conducted to her citadel of Pampe-
luna, where he shall be detained until he is tried ac
cording to law by a competent tribunal. Captain D—,
of the Civic Guard, the bearer of this, is one of the per-
sons entrusted with the commission. It is her Majesty's
wish that the Political Chiefs, and other authorities to
whom he may apply, shall render him what assistance
he may think necessary. " PIDAL.

" Madrid, Dec. 28, 1-846."

Notwithstanding the wording of the warrant, that
"he is to be detained until he is tried according to
law by a competent tribunal," it is generally supposed
that he will not be tried at all, but that he will be
sent back to Bayonne. Many of the firmest sup-
porters of the Ministry have expressed their disap-
proval of the arrest of OLOZAGA, and their conviction
of its illegality. To all remonstrances ISTURITz re-
plies, that OLOZAGA is the enemy of the QUEEN.

The Chamber of Deputies is still occupied in inves-
tigating the validity of the election returns. On the
4th, in reply to a speech from the Minister of the In-
terior, PIDAL, defending himself from the accusations
brought against him of having unduly interfered at
the late elections, Senor MENDIZABAL made the fol-
lowing speech, which may be considered as the pro-
gramme of the Progressista Parliamentary policy :
" I have just heard M. Pidal declare that one of the
two consequences of his administrative course is the
creation of a government. Ile ought to have said a
national government.' After an absence of four years,
I fancied, as I entered this hall, that I had been dreaming
for three years and a half. Of this dream but one re-
collection and thought remained—it was that my happi-
ness would be complete, if, on the day of the inaugura-
tion of the Congress I might be permitted to address the
nation. What I wanted to say, and shall now say, is,
that it is reserved to this Congress to raise its voice with
vigour, firmness, and unanimity, in order to express
the wish that a voil be drawn over the political
errors we all of us have more or less hitherto
committed. Such is the only means of creating a
national government. Exclusions prove but one
thing—the weakness of our institutions (and re-
member that many of you have contributed to
their establishment)—great feebleness in the men now
i❑ power, or the great importance of those who are ex-
cluded. Do not forget a people who have made such
mighty sacrifices for twelve years past—a people who

have seen so much generous blood shed for the consoli-
dation of the constitutional throne of our Queen. Yes,
gentlemen, let us drop a veil over the past., and not re-
member this day what occurred yesterday. Let us think
but of the prospects of our country. I should not hesi-
tate to make a formal proposal to this effect., but I and
my political friends are not ambitious of such laurels.
This glory is allotted to the gentlemen sitting on the
other side. It behoves us to accept this initiative, and
the Government to agree to it, by co-operating in pro.
curing the felicity of our country. It is, then, that we
shall be really strong, and that it will be said of us, in
the words of a virtuosi Spanish citizen, beware of the abyss
opened beneath your feet ; it will receive all parties;
some will fail first, but the rest will follow. This awful
truth terrifies us. The Deputies of the minority of the
Congress will support so patriotic a proposal. Such are
my sentiments now as in 1835, when I returned to my
conntry after a grievous emigration of twelve years."
This speech made a deep impression on the Cham-
ber, and has, it is said, been received with satisfaction
by the Court. The Chamber will not be perma-
nently constituted until the 15th.
The province of Gallicia has been relieved from
martial law.

Letters from Cadiz announce that the Spanish
steamer Villa de Madrid was burnt in the harbour of
that port on the 28th. No lives were lost, and part
of the cargo and the machinery were saved.
MADRID BOLSA, JAN. s.—The Three per Cents. were
done at 311 for cash; the Five per Cents, at 20i ; the
Coupons at 18:1 ; the Passives at 64—one operation
of 200,000 reals was done, in the latter. The Union
Bank of Madrid had issued its notes.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday.
They all speculate upon the probable tenour of
the KING'S Speech on the opening of the Chambers
on Monday last, but as the Speech will be found in
another column, of course these speculations are now
out of date. It will be observed that the Montpen-
sier -marriage is alluded to as a fresh pledge of those
good and intimate relations which have so long ex-
isted between France and Spain, and the maintenance
of which is as desirable for the prosperity as for the
reciprocal security of the two States, and that the
Cracow affair is touched on very gingerly :—" An
unexpected event has impaired the state of things
founded in Europe by the last treaty of Vienna. The
Republic of Cracow, an independent and neutral
State, has been incorporated with the empire of Aus-
tria. I have protested against that infraction of the
treaties."

It is rumoured that in the original draft of the
Speech the sentence relative to Cracow exhibited
considerable energy, but that it was altered to its
present inoffensive form by the desire of the KING.
The state of the Bank of France still continues to
excite alarm. The Siecle says—

" The shares of the Bank of France underwent on
Thursday a fall of 60f., which occasioned a depression of
all the securities. It appears that the shareholders took
alarm at the report that the Bank was about to raise the
rate of discount. We cannot tell how far that rumour
was well founded ; it is, however, said that the Minister
of Finance insists on the Bank reducing its amount of
discounts ; and it is probable that several members of
the Council of Administration, concurring in the views
of the Government, are thinking of raising the rate of
interest, in order to limit the operations. The im-
portation of foreign corn, by necessitating a con-
siderable export of specie, has temporarily lessened
our metallic reserve. The Bank, in order to remedy
that inconvenience, has purchased in London ingots
and dollars to the amount of 20,000,000 of francs. It
that precaution dues not sufficiently re-assure timid minds
it would be preferable, instead of 20,000,000, to lay out
60,000,000 in purchasing bullion, than to raise the rate
of discount, and check circulation. If the Bank limits
its discounts, it is not the wealthy bankers who will suf•
fer by it ; it will be the petty merchants of Paris. The
moment, besides, would be badly chosen to visit them
with suck a measure, when they have so punctually ful-
filled their obligations. At the close of December com
mercial bills, to the amount of 51,000,000, were paid by
them into the Bank, without the least difficulty or delay.
Notwithstanding sinister predictions, and in the midst
of a financial crisis, the merchants of Paris honourably
met all their engagements. Moreover, money is abun-
dant, the last liquidation on the Bourse was attendcd
with no casualties, and the calls of the railroad com-
panies are easily effected. There exists no real per-
turbation ; but the contrary would be the case if the
Bank of France followed the advice of the Govern-
ment. The elevation of the rate of discount would
cause a crisis in Paris ; and a crisis might produce con-
sequences which the Ministry is far from anticipating."
The price of dour in the Paris market on Saturday
had risen one franc per sack.
Rumours were circulated in Paris on Sunday that
there was a split in the Conservative camp, as many
of the usual supporters of the Ministry were of
opinion that a more energetic line of conduct should
have been pursued with regard to the Cracow affair.
These rumours were generally credited.
rrt.,, T►,ree per cents. were done, on Sunday in the
Passage de I'Opera, Paris, at 79f, 80e.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JANUARY 11.
Boulogne and Amiens, 15;q—Luxembourg, 2%—.Northern
of France, 10%4—Orleans and Bordeaux, B—Sambre and
Meuse, 5 Flanders, 3.

DESTITUTION IN IRELAND AND SCOTLAND.—The
congregation of St. John's Chapel, Bedford-row, contri-
buted on Sunday last the munificent sum of 1,240/. and
upwards, after sermons preached by the Hon. and Rev.
B. W. Noel and the Rev. J. G. Garrard, in aid of our
destitute fellow•subjects in Ireland and Scotland.

GREAT RUNNING MATCH FOR 20/.—lreste. day
well contested foot race came off at Tottenham, between
Rawlins, of Tottenham, and Mallet, of London, for 101.
a side. The distance was half a mile. At the start
Mallet took the lead, which he maintained for 400 yards;
Rawlins then came up, and' a good race took place,
which terminated by Rawlins coming in the winner by
30 yards. He accomplished the half mile of road in two
minutes and twelve seconds.

PEDESTRIANISM.—T. HALL AND J. WOOD.—
These representatives of " the power of strido " in the
denizens of the eastern and western quarters of the
metropolis, walked their match of seven miles yester-
day, at Gannick Corner, near rArnet, for the stake of
25 sous. a side. The men started from the 13th mile-
stone to the 14th, about three o'clock. Hall went off for
the first mile with the lead, but we doubted whether his
condition was such as his friends could have wished, and
this was proved by the turn of the second mile, where
Wood took a decided lead, from which Hall could never
afterwards displace him. The hilly road, with its hard,
frost-bound irregularities, also told on his speed, al-
though we are of opinion that he could not, even under
favourable circumstances, do more than stand an inferior
chance with Wood. Hall, nevertheless, walked and
spurted gamely, often decreasing the 50 or 60 yards to
40 as they toed-and-heeled it along. His chance was,
however, clearly out, and at the close Wood led in pret-
tily by 50 yards. Hall was evidently in difficulties from
the fourth mile, although he pulled through with spirit
till his final defeat. The time of the winner was Ih.
4m. Bsecs. There was a little betting at 5 to 4 upon
Wood ; rather, as it appeared to force the market in the
absence of legitimate speculation, than from any great
opinion of the safety of the investment. Indeed, the
current of the circulating medium, like the circulating
fluids, seemed " friz," as Mrs. Gamp expresses it.
ROBBERY AT THE SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY.—
Yesterday morning, information was received at the
Southwark police-station, that the counting-house of
Messrs. Chaplin and Horne, railway carriers, near the
luggage warehouses at the Bricklayer's Arms station,
was broken into on Sunday night, and robbed of seventy
pounds in gold and silver, and three cheques of a small
amount. The counting-house is inside the premises be•
longing to the company, who have their own police.

TIIE DEATH OF A MAN CAUSED NT A BOAR.—
Yesterday an investigation was gone into before William
Carter, Esq., at the Crown, Spa-road, Bermondsey, as to
the death of James Pheleys, aged 49. Charlotte
Pheleys, of 22, Wright's-buildings, Bermondsey, deposed
that on Wednesday last the death took place. On that
day eight weeks he went to work in the yard of Mr.
Newman, the scavenger, at Dockhead. She was there
at the time, and a boy came and told the deceased that
he could not empty her baskets of dust because the
boar pig in the yard attacked them. The deceased
went and threw a broomstick at the boar, and while he
again i thea
the
ebtehaisgt h rusheda.
Assistance at h m
wasand
gwoarse d him picking
with i tiht hisup tusks
called for and he m
was releaseuelcah frndtoamketnhe wounds,toSt. is
Thomas'si
hospital, bleeding very
remained there for some time, but at last said ho would
go home, although she advised him to the contrary. He
went to work the next day, but could no nothing, nor on
the following, when he appeared so ill that a surgeon
was called in. Mr. Marten, a surgeon, said that he found
a severe wound at the back of the right thigh ; one on
the other leg had beeen cured. There was erysipalous
inflammation, and inflammation of the lungs. The de-
ceased told him he had lost a great deal of blood from
the wounds, and the exhaustion consequent on it,
together with the inflammation of the lungs, perhaps
caused by exposure to cold in the yard, produced his
death, the injury, in the first instance, leading to the
results. The jury returned a verdict in accordance with
the medical evidence, after censuring the carelessness of
the owner of the boar, in allowing it to roam about the
yard, especially as it was stated to have previously at-
tacked and injured another person.
TIIE .As FOR THE DEAF AND DUMI3.--The
half-yearly general meeting of the donors and sub-
scribers to this benevolent institution was held at the
London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, on Monday, Robert
Pugh, Esq., in the chair, the Committee mentioned the
fact that in consequence of the increased facilities of
conveyance, they bad children in the assylum from the
most distant parts of the kingdom. There wore pupils
from 36 out of the 40 English counties, from five out of
the 12 Welsh counties, from the Channel Islands, and
from Ireland, besides one from the East Indies, and ono
from South Australia. At the present (the January)
election, there were 30 vacancies to be filled up, and Or
these 66 candidates had presented themselves, 26 girls
and 40 boys. The poll was opened, and elos, dat three,
shortly after which the names of the successful candi-
dates were declared.

OPENING

OF TILE

FRENCH CHAMBERS.

THE KING'S SPEECH.
The following is a translation of a copy of the
Speech by which his Majesty King Louis Philippe
yesterday opened the Chambers :
" Gentlemen, Peers, and Deputies—
" In summoning you to resume the labours of the
session, my first wish is that you should afford my
Government all your co-operation, in order to relieve
the sufferings which this year distress a part of our
population. Lhave hastened to order the measures
best calculated to attain that object. I trust, that by
the firm maintenance of order, by the liberty and
security of commercial transactions, by an ample and
judicious application of the public resources efficiently
aiding the zeal of private charity, we shall mitigate
these trials with which Providence sometimes visits
the most prosperous states.
" My relations with all the foreign Powers afford
me the firmest confidence that the peace of the world
continues secure.

" The marriage of my beloved son, the Duke de
Montpensier, with my beloved niece the Infanta of
Spain, Louisa Fernanda, has completed the satisfac-
tion and consolation which Providence has vouch-
safed me in my family. This union will be a fresh
pledge of those good and intimate relations which
have so long subsisted between France and Spain,
and the maintenance of which is as desirable for the
prosperity as for the reciprocal security of the two
States.

" I have reason to hope that the affairs of La
Plata will, before long, be adjusted conformably to
the views adopted by my Government, in concert
with that of the Queen of Great Britain, for the re-
establishment of the security of our commercial re-
lations in those countries.

"I have concluded with the Emperor of Russia a
treaty of navigation, which guarantees to us, by a
just reciprocity in our maritime relations with that
empire, advantages which it was important to us to
preserve.

"An unexpected event has impaired the state of
affairs founded in Europe by the last treaty of
Vienna. The republic of Cracow, An independent
and neutral state, has been incorporated with the
empire of Austria. I have protested against this in-
fraction of the treaties.

"At home the constant progress of the publie
revenue, despite of causes which might have
checked it, demonstrate that the activity and re-
sources of the country continue to increase. The
finance laws, and various other laws, relative to im-
portant improvements in the legislation and admi-
nistration of the kingdom, will be submitted to your
deliberation.

" The great public works which we have under-
taken shall be completed with the perseverance which
the interests of the country command, and with the
prudence indispensable to the maintenance of public
credit.

" You will also have to direct your attention to
measures calculated to second in our African posses-
sion the progress of colonization and its internal
prosperity. Tranquillity, so happily restored in
Algeria by the valour and devotedness of our army,
permits us to examine maturely that important ques-
tion, respecting which a special Bill shall be presented
to you.

" Gentlemen,—A common feeling animates us.
You are all, like me and my family, devoted to the
happiness and grandeur of our country ; and already
long experience has enlightened us as to the policy
best suited to her interests, both moral and material,
and which must secure its present prosperity and the
future pacific and regular development of its des-
tinies. I expect with confidence, from your patriotism
and wisdom, the co-operation necessary to the ac-
complishment of this great task. Let us assist each
other in supporting the burden, and France will reap
the fruit of our efforts."

THE WAR IN KAFIRLAND.
Papers have reached us from the Cape, containing in•
telligence a week later than that which we last pub-
lished. The followirm are extracts:-
64 The int,..ll4l;ence from the frontier by the last post,
though of a somewhat vague nature, is calculated to
create some doubt respecting the policy to be adopted
towards the Kafirs, the majority of whose chiefs, it iS
said, are about to submit themselves. Some assert that
this submission will be unconditional, whilst others main-
tain that they entirely object to the evacuation of the
country and their removal beyond the Kei.
" We have ever urged the necessity of insisting on
'he very letter of the terms dictated to the hostile chiefs,
and of emphatically enforcing them, even by force of
arms, if required. The colonists have an undoubted
right to expect this; and we, therefore, regret that the
nature of the accounts received again appears to confirm
the suspicion that the negotiations carried on with them
are stripped of that seriousness which ought to be their
main feature.

" Whilst we find the Chief Stock snugly quartered at
the Beka, Macomo and Botman are said to have out-
witted Colonel Johnstone, the Governor's depute, and
extorted a promise from him, that if they would lay
down their arms they should be located in the vicinity
of Block Drift.' To prove his sincerity, the Chief
Stock sent in 48 head of cattle, 6 horses, and 8 guns, in
addition to those sent in on his surrender; Macomo and
Botman, to prove theirs, brought in about 80 horses and
some 20 stand of arms, stating that Sandilla was also
desirous to follow their good example. Mapassa, the
rambookie Chief, after being wounded, sent a message
to the Governor, that having no more cattle, he could
hold out no longer, and was ready to submit; and Um'
terara, the great Tambookie Chief, had sent in, or was
about to send in, 500 head of cattle, as ' a present to the
Governor.'

" Now, all this looks very fine, and the dear children
of nature' would appear very sincere in their profes-
sions; but we should ever be mindful, in such cases, that
it is not ' all gold that glitters;' and hence we are in-
duced to examine on what foundation their professions
rest, and to have a glance at the other side of the
picture. What do wo find? First of all, that Stock---
the sincere, the humble, the innocent Stock—who denied
at first all participation in the plunder of the colony,
and consequently imposed on the credulity of the Go-
vernor, now turns out to have been a despoiler of some
note, and to be entitled to all the glory of the defeat
our forces sustained at Trompetters, some of the oxen
sent in by him having been recognised as those which
had been taken on that occasion. Whilst he is located
at the Beka, several spans of oxen are taken from
Newton Dale, and the thieves recognised as people he'
longing to Stock I
"Sandilla and Macomo, on the other hand, whilst
professing contrition for past offences' and pretending
humility, circulate reports in Kafirland that the British
troops have been beaten and given up the contest • that,
in fact, they had fallen back to their ships, and all was
now peace ; inviting their people, moreover, to return
to the cultivation of their lands. And this assertion
would seem to deserve credence from the fact that the
Kafirs are now actually engaged in tilling the ground.
"As to Umterara, he still denies having been engaged
in the war, but is nevertheless considered to have shel-
tered cattle stolen from the colony, and will have to be
dealt with accordingly.
" Such, then, are the men with whom the Governor is
about to arrange matters ; and unless he is able to outdo
the savages in political stratagem, the consequences must
of necessity be injurious, nay, disastrous to the well-
being of the colony. 'We, however, anticipate a better
result from the good sense of his Excellency."
" Monday morning, Nov. 9.
" The Frontier post, which arrived yesterday about
half-past twelve o'clock, brought the following additional,
though unimportant, intelligence:—
(From the Cape Frontier Times of Nov. 3.)
"His Excellency, it is said, we believe with truth,
scarcely knows what steps to take for the best. He in-
tends, we understand, to apportion the territory from the
sea to Fort Wiltshire to the Kafir Chief Kama, accord-
ing to certain missionary advice, and the same advice
has been given against locating any whites in the ceded
territory. There is an impression in some quarters that
the war is about to terminate, and the fighting over.
However this may be, the Kafirs are still continuing their,
depredations. Yesterday some cattle were carried on
by them from the neighbourhood of Bathurst, and Mr.
Goldswain's waggon, which was proceeding to Grahatn'!
Town with an invalid belonging to the Cape Mounted
Rifles, was attacked by a party of 14 Kafirs in Lushingl
ton-valley; and yesterday Mr. Palmer, sen., was obliged
to return to town, having been discovered and chased
by Kafirs near Blue Krantz The families of the
provisional levies are now to be rationed by the Govern'
went, whether they arc destitute or not There are,
we underFtand, 5,000 lingoes at Butterworth, who sr°
ready to co-operate in.any movement against the enemy''
Letters from Peddle state that Sandilla's men are desert"
ibg him and going over to Macomo, because he is in'
dined to be peaceable. Pato declares that he yet deliest
the English, and that if they want the cattle they Bios
come and take them. The conduct of Jan Tzatsoo,
has returned to King William's-town, it is said requires
explanation, having lately held several communications
with Sandilla. His Excellency, who, it appear °,
arrived at Block Drift, was to meet hfacome on the
29th ult."

LIVERPOOL, MONDAY AFTERNOON.—The Carnbril
steamer may be looked for about Thursday ; she wad
then have been eleven days out from Halifax. The win
is strong from the eastward, and therefore it is scarcely
likely that the packet•ship Liverpool, of the 21st, froo
New York, will get in before the steamer. The Can 3"
brie's advices will be to the ist, from New Yolk.

/ce "ILllllll,r>
'14,1•T:,'ar,..". • 4.111.11& _
Alll6
• ThIMILLVI'* -
w-iiO° 4••• - - •

SECOND EDITION.