The Sun.
London, England, 1840-08-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, ttgBI)AY,_AUG-UST is, 1840.

cessaries of life. According to our Correspond- I referred to had proceeded, and of the several interlo
ent's statement, a man used to earn, by making tutors by the Court thereon.
Now, these Commission men had hut one course to
24 pair of gloves per week, 19s. 6d. ; but, by the
pursue, had they been disposed to act With the con-
reduction now proposed, he would only be able to
sistency which has characterised the seven minis-
eain 6s. sd.
ters. They should have proceeded at once to de-
Of course the men complain of the master-
I position. Instead of this, they content themselves
manufacturers, who are endeavouring to reduce the
with drawing up a " libel," as it is termed, against
who immediately press on the workmen, but
price of their labour. 1 hey ate, in fact, the per-
sonsthem. This libel, which is an ecclesiastical indict-
inent, accuses the seven brethren of " contumacy,"
they are themselves pressed on, and they can pro-1
bably only sustain themselves by making the re-
and is to lie over for the space of three months,
when, at the next meeting of the Commission, it
ductions proposed. Without blaming either of '
these classes, it appears to us a most melancholy will be taken into consideration I What farther
condition to have class thus pressing on class—men
evidence is wanted to prove the Strathbogie mi
nisters " contumacious"—in the Assembly's sense
devouring men, as it were, i
struggle to get an honest or an honourable living, of the word—it is not easy to imagine. Most
eople will be of opinion that that required no ad-
thrusting each other into poverty and misery, or P
tional proof, and that this attempt on the part of
trampling each other out of existence. Than the
the Commission to prove them guilty of that which
master and the man—than the employer and the
they have over and over again confessed, in deeds if
employed—we know no closer or more beneficial re-
not in words, is merely a subterfuge adopted for the
lation amongst human beings, and none of which the
advantages are more mutual. Without the labourer purpose of gaining time. We do not wonder at
this proceeding. We really think the Commission
the master would have no profit ; without the
m
master the labourer might, hunt for employment quite; justifiable in endeavouring to escape from
and we shall find our Corn-laws and similar plun-
an cdious and illegal task, and in throwing it upon
deri enactments, the causes of this pressure, and
the Assembly, which seems to be the object in
no
v
of this mutually beneficial relation being converted view. It is not at all likely that the question now
entered upon will be.settled before the next meeting
into one of mutual hostility.
On principle we are decidedly opposed to legis- of that body.
with the meetin=g
lative interference between employers and employed, Simultaneously of the Corn-
mission, there was got up a meeting 'fout of doors,'
but when the Legislature abolished the combination
laws and pretended to let these classes settle their the object of which seems to have been to make
own disputes, it forgot to carry out the principle of amends for the apparent backsliding within. Blus-
tering resolutions were passed against patronage,
its own enactment. Whatever any stern, unflench-
ing advocates of free trade may say against legis-
and a proposal trade to resuscitate the Solemn
‘.
lative interference, it is not for a Legislature which League and Covenant. At the head of this sec-
tion of the Non-Intrusionists appears Dr. BURNS
stops the supply of food—which controls the fac-
of Paisley, ae" canuie"
tories—which regulates steam-boilers and stage-
gentleman, who is labouring
hard, but, of course, ineffectually, to serve GOD
coaches—which professes to lessen or diminish
and Mammon at the same time.
every possible evil to which society may be
This piece of burlesque has not been well received
exposed—which does not hear of a coach
being overturned or a sixpence too much being by some of the leading Vetoists. The Procurator
of the Church, a staunch Vetoist, brought the
charged on a railway but it appoints a Com-
matter before the Commission, and was, with
missioner or an Inspector—it does not become such
much difficulty, prevented from lifting up his testi-
a Legislature to know of such vast evils as those
we yesterday, and have now adverted to, and which mony against it in the form of a regular motion.
pervade the masses of society, without endeavouring He and the greater portion of his party are very,
very far from wishing to go the whole hog on this
to put an end to them. A Legislature which
question. There are others, however, who have
solemnly declares it to be a duty to put an
end to the practice of sending little boys not the least objection to the abolition of lay
patronage, provided the power of the clergy be
up chimneys, and which wails and weeps
because it cannot place a well-fed parson to lead thereby increased. Among these persons Dr.
and control every 1,000 persons, is surely bound to CHALMERS stands p7e-eminent. The Reverend
interfere between master and man, and between men Doctor's last vagary is another proof of the " elas-
and the employment of machinery, and is surely ticity" of his sentiments on the Non-Intrusion
bound to prevent or relieve such extreme distress as principle. He stated on Wednesday last before
that which prevails at Carlisle and Notting- the Commission that unless some modification of
ham. Not on our principles—for we advo- patronage satisfactory to the clergy was assented to
cate a great and almost indefinite extension by the Legislature, he would advocate its entire
of non-interference between capital and labour— abolition, and boasted that he would get 19-20ths
but on its own principles and practices, we call on of the people of Scotland to follow him.
it to interfere and secure sufficient wages and suffi-
cient food for the workmen at Carlisle, Notting-
of But what do our readers suppose this champion
ham, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and the other the rights of the people means by the abolition of
Patronage ? Does he intend that the people should
parts of the kingdom. It has no right to meddle
with the food of the people, and shirk the duty of have the unrestricted choice of their own ministers
when this consummation takes place ? No, no
procuring them adequate wages. It must follow the Rev. Doctor does not believe that any such
out one principle or the other, and must either right belongs to the people, or that they are quail-
abstain, as science requires it, from meddling with
trade at all, or it must regulate every part fledto exercise it without the interposition of the
clergy. He would take away the right of the lay-
of it, and secure to every person who patron, and would put the " people" in his place ;
embarks in it, as well as the farmer but he would give the clergy a " veto" on the no-
and the landowner—a suitable remuneration. mination of the people.! ! But as this is something
From this, however, though it is the clear conse- so astounding as not to be easily believed without
quence of its own principle; it will, and does shrink, the best evidence, here are the Doctor's own
and cuts off the supply of food, while it mocks the words

workman, by telling him it cannot interfere with

With all my respect for the mind and will of an
honest congregation, however simple and however poor,
they muy go—astray- in that way, just as much as the
patron does in his ; and if the independent negative of
the Church be, called for as a stay on the corruption of
the one, the same check may be required as a corrective
on the occasional extravagance orfollies or overweening
partialities of the other. The time is fast approaching
when our Constitution will be greatly more popularised ;
and it is one of the reasons why I plead so strongly at
present for the independence of the Church, that if we
are obliged to give it up now to the patrons, we must
give it up then to the people.
What will the Non-Intrusionists say to this ?
Will they adopt this new edition of the Veto along
with their leader, or will they leave him alone in his
glory ? In what absurdities and perplexities do men
involve themselves, when they quit the path of con-
sistency and integrity ! We always contended that
Dr. CHALMERS and his clique were insincere—
that while they clamoured so lustily for the rights
of the people, they were in reality struggling to
extend the power of the clergy. How well does
the Rev. Doctor now bear us out in our conclusion I

wages.

The violent language of the Carlisle weavers,
which we did not quote, though similar language
is now too frequently used, is one proof of the
very bad. feeling which is engendered amongst
the masses by their continued sufferings. The late
riot at Bilston, we are informed, grew from a similar
cause. " The distress," writes a Correspondent,
" in that district, is really shocking, and what the
people have suffered this year is not to be told.
In the midst of their distress they were
grossly
insulted and mocked by a meeting of Nobi-
lity, Gentry, and Clergy, who, apparently in
derision of their sufferings, call themselves Con-
servative Operatives. They set the bells a ringing,
they called the new police about them, s:rd held
themselves forth as the real friends of the people.
,They denounced the present Ministers as swindlers
—held them up to scorn and contempt, and derided
what they called the humbug of Anti-Corn-law
agitation. The row at Bilston therefore grew out of
the Corn-law—grew out of the distress and suffer-
ings of the people ; and if the Government mean
to preserve the peace of the community, they must
relieve that distress. How it is to be done, let
the Legislature decide. We only declare, that the
Legislature, which pretends to regulate every thing,
cannot, without great and grievous sin, leave such
a mass of misery unrelieved.

The Madrid Cabinet has at length been defi-
nitely formed. After a world of negotiations on the
part of the REGENT and ESPARTERO, the list
of Ministerial appointments is officially declared
complete. The announcement is made as follows,
in the Moniteur of Sunday, which outstrips in the
speedy communication of this news the Madrid
Gazelle:—

" We learn from Barcelona by telegraphic despatch
that the Spanish Ministry was definitely constituted as fol-
lows :
President of the Council and
Minister of War Senor VALENTIN FERRAZ
Foreign Affairs Senor ONts.

The redoubted Commission of the General As-
sembly of the Kirk held its first quarterly sittings at
Edinburgh last week. The proceedings of this anoma-
lous body have greatly disappointed public expecta-
tion. It was supposed, from the fire-and-faggot
zeal displayed by the majority of the General As-
sembly against the heinous transgression :committed
by the Strathbogie ministers in obeying the law of
the land, that the Commission would have proceeded
without further ceremony to depose them from their
offices. This, however, it has not done. It has
acted with an extreme degree of caution, we should
rather say with a timidity, which contrasts notably
with the boldness of times not long gone by. Has
a change come over the spirit of the Kirk ? Has
she deemed it prudent to desist from the violent
course on which she had entered before the conse-
quences of that course render retreat impossible and
defeat inevitable ? Ws do not know how this may
be, but the conduct of the Commission leaves that im-

Interior. S. CABELLO.

Grace and Justice Senor SIVELA.
Finance Senor FERRAZ.
Marine Senor ARNIEhO."

None of these are great names,, even in Spain,
but they represent men of respectable talents and
Constitutionally liberal principles. hey have
much to do, if they propose to themselves to re-
store Spain to her proper position among the old
Powers of Europe.
The Bayonne Papers announce the commence-
ment of the evacuation of the Port of Passages by
the English, which was expected to be completed
in a fortnight. This i 3 the best answer to the
calumnies of the Gazette de France about our oc-
cupation of that harbour, with a view to make it a
second Gibraltar, and a thousand other surmises
equally ridiculous. As such malicious insinuations
were calculated at this time to make a dangerous
impression on the public mind of France, we think
our Government has acted very wisely in ordering
the evacuation to take place wth as little delay as
was consonant with the safety of Spain.
The latest Madrid Papers are of the 9th instant,
but they contain no news. The Five per C,Jic_s.
were at 29 11-16 for cash.

pression on our minds.
The seven brethren of Strathbogie had been or-

tered by the Assembly to appear before the Com.
mission to make submission for their "contumacious'
behaviour, and to be dealt with as the Commission'
should deem proper. Well, the Commission meets,
and the first thing it does is to call the names of the
refractory brethren. Do they appear ? Not one of
them. Not only do they not appear, but they
greatly aggravate their original offence, if offence it
was, by persisting in their opposition to ecclesias-
tical authority, and vindicating themselves by plead-
ing the illegality and unwarrantableness of the pro-
ceedin7s of the Assembly in their case. Their agent
made the following statement to the Commission
That he had been instructed by his constituents to
intimate to the Commission, that they did not intend to
compeer at this meeting of the Commission, or at any
of its other meetings to be held under the authority of the
last Assembly's resolutions and sentences relative to them.
This declinature did not proceed from any disrespect
towardst h
e Church
actin; in
or any of the judicatories of
a le-al and competent manner.
But the Supreme Civil Court having found that the
reolution and whole proceedings of the last General
Assembly, as these affect the majority of the Presbytery
of Strathbogie, are illegal and unwarrantable ; and the
Special Commission appointed at last Assembly hav -
i.er failed to establish the legality of these proceedings,
alrbough an ample opportunity was afforded to them of
doing so, the majority of the Presbytery
cannot, with-
out acting inconsistently, recognise or sanction any part
of the proceediags which have been suspended as illegal,
and the carrying of which into effect by the Special
Commission has been interdicted. The agent for the
majority of said Presbytery further produced, and de.
posited in the hands of the Clerk of the Commission,
certitic.:l copy of the note of suspension and interdict
upon which the decision of the Supreme Civil Court

The state of public opinion in this country is
better understood by the King of the FRENCH
than by his Ministers, or by any of the parties re
presented by the Parisian Press. This is cleark
shown by the Journal des Debuts, the only Relief-)
Paper which derives its inspirations ft om the highest
quarter, and the only one, moreover, in which any-
thing like a moving appeal is made. to the national
sympathies of Great Britain. In our columns of
Monday appeared a long article from that paper in
which the Oriental Question was handled with sin-
gular ability, and in which it was impossible
not to admire the cleverness with which every
phase of the question presented by the writer was
made to bear upon the jealousies so generally en-
tertained in England of the ambitious and encroach-
ing policy of Russia. Well-feigned astonishmeni
is expressed at the strange spectacle of E 1 laud
and Russia united to save an Empire of which we
have denounced the latter as the deadly enemy ;
while France, whose interference twice saved the
dominion of the Padisha from the presence
oaconquering. foe, is flung overboard as
an impediment in the way of the New
Alliance. Upon this point 03 Debuts is
certainly mistaken. We are as little blind to the
ambitious
views of Russia in the East as we ever
were. We know right well that the Emperor
NiciroLAs would sacrifice a limb, and the lives of
200,000 Russians to-morrow, to be recognized by
Europe the master of Constantinople, and the
imperial keeper of the keys of the Bosphorus. For
fifty years past this has formed the day-dream of
Russian ambition. It is, however, amazingly

strange thAt France shonlil jail to Ve that the
have fitly tb unite with her in supporting the
Viceroy, to realize these long-eher,shed schemes of
Russian aggression. We hate oriy to a,atielon the
quadruple alliance, which secures to us, equally
with Russin and Atitria, the piroleCtdrate of toe
Pate, and Russia will declare herself sole guar-
dian of the Ottoman empire, and pour her Cossack
legions from the shores of the Black Sea into the
Turkish capital. This we could nut prevent if the
Porte deemed such succour necessary to oppose the
formidable combination of Western Europe in
favour of the Viceroy—and this would seal the
doom of Turkey.
It is a strange argument to oppose to the coin-
bination of the Four Povvrls that the Sultan is it
mere puppet when compared with his invincible
Egyptian Vassal. Why, the very weakness of
the Sultan forms the main justification of the
policy of the Four Powers. " You want," says
the Debats, in a tone of scornful triumph, " this
glorious old man, MEHEMET ALI, who made
Sultan MAHMouD capitulate, to shrink from this
weak and feeble-minded Augustulus ( AnD-EL-
MEDJID) whose guardian he is rather than his
vassal, who lives but through him, and, as it were,
in his shade." We do not want this altogether;
but we do want to see the SULTAN in a capacity
to exist independently of his Vassal. The Debals
rightly describes the relative position of the Go-
vernments of Egypt and Turkey, and in daing so
completely justifies the interference of the Great
Powers. To talk of the independence of Turkey,
while maintaining that it only exists by the per-
mission of a vassal of the empire is preposterous.
Under the circumstances described by the Debats
the SULTAN and the VICEROY could not be left
to settle their differences without imposing upon
the SULT AN; at the risk of dethronement, the ne-
cessity of unqualified submission to any terms pro-
posed by MEHEMET ALI, even to the exchange of
governments and titles. And yet France sees, or
affects to see, in such a state of things nothing in-
consistent with the maintenance by Europe of the
integrity of the Ottoman Empire.
But if France be really persuaded, as appears
from her conduct, that the Ottoman Imperial
family is worn out—that Turkey can only be re-
generated by placing the VICEROY on the Throne
of the Eastern Cmsars, why has she not the
honesty and the frankness to say so in a way intel-
ligible to the world ? For in reality this is what
she aims at, and what she might have ac-
complished had the good genius of MEHEMET
ALI not deserted him after the battle of Nezili.
Had he taken advantage of the consternation into
which Turkey was thrown by the defeat of her army,
the defection of her fleet, and the sudden death of
the PADISHA, and dashed at once upon Constan-
tinople, we are not prepared to say that the people
would not have declared for him—that he would
not have been hailed by the faithful Mnssulmans as
the victorious representative of the Prophet, He
would have only to have restored the Turban, and
abandoned the hateful red Fez, to have roused the
fiery zeal of the Moollahs and Dervishes in his
favour,
By halting between two opinions, France has put
herself in an entirely false position. When she con-
tends that her object, in common with all the Great
Powers, is to maintain the independence of Turkey,
she secretly means an independence represented by
the domination of the VICEROY. This affords the
only satisfactory solution of what is otherwise inex-
plicable in her conduct.
But notwithstanding the violence of a few
journals, the war-fever is fast abating in France.
Most of the leading journals of Sunday discuss the
Eastern question with great calmness. This is a
great point gained, to which the English press has
greatly contributed.
There is no general news in the Paris journals of
Sunday. The Louis Napoleon affair is still
discussed in the papers ; but they publish no new
fact of any interest to an English reader.
• The general impression in Paris on Sunday was,
that the peace of Europe would not be disturbed.
The French fleet has received orders not to interfere
should the four powers resolve upon a blockade of
Alexandria.
We have received from our correspondent at Toulon, a
letter, to which we invite the attention of the public. It is
written by a well-informed person, who is in a situation to
know the facts. It must be observed that the notices
respecting the warlike comedy which is supposed to be in-
' tended by the Cabinet to delude the country, come from
all quarters, from our seaports, from our Ministerial de-
partments, from England, from Germany. M. Thiers
must see that mistrust is excited, and that ho incurs all the
risk of a heavy responsibility.
TOrLON, Ara. 11.—A great fuss is made about the ar-
maments that have been ordered ; but in reality very little
is done. There is no more real activity in the port than
previously to the events whits have led to this manifesta-
tion, at which the English journals already laugh. No-
body believes in war, or at least in the firm resolution of
the Government to engage in it, if it should be necessary.
Accordingly everybody in general proceeds with that re-
un,issness which is naturally produced by the obligation to
perform a task which is considered as useless. When the
Government, in the time of the restoration, resoled on
the expedition to Algiers, there was an activity, an ardour,
to which we have now nothing similar.
The Souverain, which has been so long armed, is wait
ing for the complement of its crew from Brest. Tee Ville
de Marseille of the line, has been for this mouth past in the
basin without appearing to advance. The frigates, the
arming of which has been ordered, will not be r.:..dy for
these six months, and then it remains to be seen whether,
there will be seamen to mint them. In order to enable the
nlen i stetid
neighbourhood.ef 1,100, which it ought to have. No
Triton o proceed to the Levant, 100 men have been taken
from the Souverain, which is now reduced to a crew of
"(as a journal of the country
levy of seamen has been ordered either here or in
3thse°
that the Minister has
saytse)nds to make it believed
written to the Prefect nut to take literally the orders sent
to him, and not to over excite himself. A levy of 100 men
for the Arsenal was spoken of, which was a glass of water
in the ocean ; and even this levy toes not appear to have
been !wide. The number of cfficere is insufficient. Thirty
Enseignes des Vaisseau are wanting in the ships cf the
squadron. The superior grades are encumbered with old
men, unfit fur service. The system is obstinately per-
sisted in of riot applying to the navy the law relative to re-
tirements from the army,
The Triton is to sail in two or three days for the
Levant with Rear-Admiral Hugon, who is to tile
the place of Rear-Adn-Aral Lalonde. The laver, it is
said, will he chief of the staff of the Comelander-
in-Chief, Ido not know what will happen. But if this
officer, the only one who has shown ally energy and capa-
city, were recalled, it would be a proof that it is wished
to avoid war at any rate.
To enter into the main question, it must be said that the
only way to impel to war, and to avoid it, if it can be done
honourably, is to induce Mehemet Ali to advance, and to
send him assistance if necessary.
I have repeatedly said how easy it is for us, with our
steam-boats, to send troops in a short time to Syria.
Beyrout is only seven daye voyage from Toulon, and f-ur
Irene Algi, rs Tile thirty steam-boate wh.eh we !..OSSeSS are
able to emu ten or Iv/dye thousand men.
The English have more diffieultes than appear at first
sight, notafirostaviing their gr• at commerci,l navy; hay
ing only a voluntary enlibttneat they find it difficult to
piocure seamen, and they are afraid of pressing what is an
illegal measure, and which the people perhaps would not
bear, The English aristocracy begins to be detested
Oar pinciples gave numerous partisaus anung he lower
classes, who (would) see with regret a war which might
del ,y ,he refertue at home wiech tue.., (lest Gum.
inerce.

iikiILAO,ELPHIA‘

Arc. I.—By the Britannia, via Boston, I forwarded you
a lvm.r. containing a variety of information in relation to
the United States Batik, and the evident efforts—l had
filino!,t said entispirver—of stock•jobbers to lower its stock,
and eititb: a v.%ite atdi prejudice against the in-
stitution. Events that have since transpiied-kllyefintere_
the view I took in that letter. Thus we have, on the
same day, United States Bank Shares sold for cash, or
real transactions, at 67, and time sales, or imaginary tran-
se.,_4,ionsi, at Wri, of 4 lower, A few of the brokers, here
called "bears" and " figs; and having to
deli cr the stock cr pay or receive the difference at
maturity, they become interested in lowering the stock
as much as possible, and clearly adopt unwarrantable
means to effect their object. The attention of the
press and Oil people here is at length roused
to the subject, and the Philadelphia board of brokers,
acted up ri, l presume, by public opinion, have passed a
resolution to the effect, that in future there shall be no
" time vales" for longer than sixty days. I will add,
however, that the whale system is one of profligate and
desperate gambling, and has operated to the depression of
stocks of all kinds, and to the injury or ruin of widows,
orphans, and families :tho have invested their means in the
different public funds of the country. When stocks are
I falling, and in times of panic, the•stock-jobbers batten on
the public distress.

The success of the British steam-ships to Boston and
New York, and the consequent advantage derived by those
cities over the other great Atlantic ports, have stimulated
the Philadelphians to make a great effort—and I hope a
successful one—to establish a line of steamers to England.
A preliminary meeting was held on Wednesday even-
ing, at which several influential citizens attended, and a
committee was appointed to report the best means of ac-
complishing the object. The result has not yet trans-
pired, but I am informed by one of the members of
the Committee that they have agreed to refer the matter
to Mr. Henry Cope, of the firm of H. and A. Cope, pro-
prietors of the Liverpool and Philadelphia line of packets ;
also, that Mr. Cope is to select two other citizens to act
with him, and that the three are to be managers, to receive
subscriptions, commence operations, &c. The Messrs.
Cope are well known at Liverpool, and extensively con-
nected in shipping and commerce with that port. It is in-
tended that one of the regulations of the new line shall be,
that all passengers arriving in the rhiladelphia steam-ships
shall be forwarded, in a six-hour journey, either to New
York or Baltimore, as they wish. Passengers therefore
will be booked in Europe for either of the three cities, New
York, Philadelphia, or Baltimore.
At a wolf hunt, consisting of 300 persons, held near
Stanstead, Upper Canada, a few days since, Mr. Wood
and Mr. Merrill were accidentally shot dead by some of
their companions, who fired incautiously as the circle be-
came small in which the wolves or deer were enclosed.—
Correspondent of the Chronicle.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS

CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, MONDAY.—Tho Cotton
market has been quiet to-day, at Saturday's quotations.
Sales 5:000 bags, chiefly American, of which speculators
have taken 500.

SHARES.
Bristol and Exeter Railway
Eastern Counties Railway
Grand Junction ...
South Western
North Union B3i
Paths and Rouen 2i
The sudden inclemency of the weather has produced a
further tall in Shares.

We have received Buenos Ayres papers to the 17th May.
According to a statement published it would appear that
the imports of the year 1839 were in value 20,728,845
dollars six reals, in currency, and 173,670 dollars six reels,
specie. The exports in the same period were in value
8,592,059 dollars seven reals, currency, and 75, 173 dollars
four reels in specie ; and that the duties on these imports
and exports have amounted to nearly two millions of
dollars currency, and this at a time when the ports of
Buenos Ayres were in a state of blockade.
This day, 16th inst. (16th of May) completes the 781
days of the blockade.
The highest rate of exchange upon England during the
week was 29-16 pence. The highest price of doubloons
3555.
'ORIENTAL STATE.—Having lost our Monte Video
Papers by the fire we noticed in a former number, we were
unable to refer to the decree respecting the additional du-
ties recently imposed by the Government of the Oriental
Republic. They arc briefly this :—Eight per cent. on all
imports, and five per cent. on all exports, with the excep-
tion of jerked beef, which has now to pay three reels per
quintal. These new imposts commenced on the 21st ult.
It appears from returns that the expenditure of the
State exceeded the revenue by $443,139, and the amount
of Treasury bills in circulation on the Ist inst. $4,385,600.