The Sun.
London, England, 1847-10-23 00:00:00

will be justly denounced as the most wealthy, in-
deed, but at the same time the meanest and most
ungrateful of the nations of the earth.

We learn from Berne that all the troops stationed
along the frontiers of the States of the Sonderbund
marched on the 17th to their several destinations.
The Government issued and posted up the following
notice, dated the 17th :
" The Government of Argau has communicated to
that of Berne that, in consequence of information
which 4ad reached them, the Catholic districts of the
Freiant, seconded by Lucerne, are meditating an
attack on the canton of Argau, which has taken all
necessary measures of defence. At the same time it
has called upon Berne and Zurich to lend it their
federal surveillance, by making such ulterior disposi-
tions as are demanded by the gravity of circum-
stances. Upon this communication the Executive
Council has ordained the following measures :—The
troops now under arms for the purpose of being
drilled shall not be dismissed. Three battalions of
elite shall be immediately formed. As soon as they
are under arms, battalions of reserve of the same
number now on duty for inspection shall be dis-
missed, unless circumstances shall become aggravated.
The command in chief of these troops is provisionally
entrusted to Colonel Ochsenbein. The board of mi•
litary directors is authorised to make such changes as
it shall see fit in the cantonal staff These disposi-
tions are made known to the public by this present
bulletin."

The first sitting of the Diet took place on the 18th.
M. FURRER, the deputy for Zurich, proposed to the
assembly to send two Federal representatives to each
of the cantons of the League, to address a proclama-
tion to the people of those cantons, and to direct the
committee appointed last session to give instructions
to the Federal representatives. The deputies of the
majority were extremely chary of words, confining
themselves to the proposition, and observing that it
was urgently necessary to adopt measures to restore
the confederacy. The deputies of the League,
finding no respite for their respective cantons but in
dilatory measure, demanded that the proposition of
Zurich be printed and communicated to the depu-
tations of the cantons whom it particularly inte
rested. This motion encountered opposition ; and
the member for Argau, M. FREI HEROSE, observed
that the delay granted by the adjournment of the
Dist had been employed by Lucerne, and the other
states of the Sonderbund, in making new arma-
ments, and in circulating incendiary proclamations
through the country, and that the same thing would
occur if a new delay were accorded. The deputy
of Basle city endeavoured again to perform the part
of a mediator, by moving the appointment of a com-
mittee to confer with the deputies of the Sonder-
bund and hear their grievances. This motion, how-
ever, was only supported by two members. The
proposition of Zurich was then carried by Berne,
Zurich, Glaris, Soleure, Schaffhausen, St. Gall,
Grisons, Argau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Geneva,
Basle country, and Appenzel exterior—that is, by
the ordinary majority of twelve states and two
half-states. The assembly next proceeded to elect
the Federal representatives ; but the deputies
of the Sonderbund and Neufchatel took no
part in the discussion, which gave the follow-
ing result :—Federal representatives to Lucerne,
the Landammann IST:EFF, of St. Gall, and
the Landammann BRUNN ER, of Soleure; to Uri,
the Councillor of State JENNI, of Glaris, and the
Cantonal Councillor liorraiasi, of St. Gall ; to
Schwyz, President KERN, of Thurgau, and the
former Landammann PEQUIGNOT, of Berne; to Unter-
walden, the Landammann MUNZINGER, of Soleure,
and the Councillor of State BOSCIIENSTEIN, of Schaff-
hausen ; to Zug, the Burgomaster FURRER, of Zurich,
and the former Landammann SIDLER, of Zug ; to
Friburg, the Councillor of State STOCKMAR, of
Berne, and the second deputy of Berne, MERIAN ; to
Valais, M. JAMES FAZY, President of the Council of
State of Geneva, and the Federal Colonel Boca-
WALDER. All those deputies, with the exception of
one, who is a Radical, are moderate Liberals. On
the 19th the Diet was to discuss the draught of a
proclamation, and nominate the superior officers of
the Federeal staff. The military measures adopted
by Berne had rendered the League more circumspect,
and the last accounts from Freiant, the Catholic dis-
trict of Argau, stated that the attempts made by the
emissaries of Lucerne to induce its inhabitants to
side with the League had completely failed.

The Madrid mail had not arrived in Paris when
the post left, but the Fomento of Barcelona states that
the Governor of Seu d'Urgel had written to the
Captain• General of Catalonia, announcing that a band
of 400 Carlists bad entered that district, and that he
was taking active measures to pursue them.

The Carlist insurrection seems rapidly extending,
in spite of the active measures of General CONCHA.
A battalion of the QUEEN'S troops, and a detachment
of gendarmes attacked, on the 10th, near Monseny, a
band of 130 Carlists, commanded by BOQUICA, GAR-
BOFA, ZOBANY, and TORRES DE ARDUCIAS, whom
they repulsed, with the loss of two killed and six or
seven wounded. The Cabecilla POCARODA was, on
the Bth, at Granera, with eighty men ; and MARSAL
and ATIMIRATS in the mountains of Bruquetas, with
200 infantry and twenty horsemen. Another Cabe-
cilla, named JUAN, commanding a band of 100 men,
entered, on the morning of the 9th, the village of
Gariga, and seized on the Deputy Alcalde, whom he
carried off, tied to a horse, in the direction of Mon-
seny. On the same day, ESTALLADO surprised, with
about Copone, near Igua-
lada, seventy
a n d
brought men,o ff theprisoner village of
Alcalde, M. ROQUE
the
FERRER. General CoNenA. was at Vich ; on the
11th all the wealthy families deserted their country
seats, and sought refuge in the fortified towns.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.
The Constitutionnel, in the course of a long article
on the commercial crisis, thus replies to the arguments
recently propounded by the Journal des Debats in
support of Peel's Bill of 1844 :
specie in the cellars of the
Ban' 1I!
8,408,750/.
sterling, be compared with its liabilities, which are
reckoned up atr,36,631,981/. sterling, comprising, of the
Eamngoluanntd, of
which
h is stated at
be-
sides the amounts of its notes in circulation, its
accounts current with the Treasury and private in-
viduals, it will be found that its relative proportion is
less than one-fourth. It is this small proportion that
the Debats availed itself of recently, in defending the
Bill of 1844 ; for the Debats takes upon itself to give
a lesson to the whole of the English press, which is
unanimous in contending against the restrictive
operation of this Bill, and in accusing it of aggravat-
ing the crisis by fettering the circulation of notes.
All the arguments of the DUats turn upon the pre-
tended comparison between the Bank of England and
the Bank of France, without paying attention to the
point that the conditions relative to the circulation of
money in specie and in bills are entirely different in
the two countries ; that the Bank of England is es-
sentially a hank &circulation, and the Bank of France
a discount bank ; that the first has this difference from
the second, in having its credit founded on the credit
of the State, and that its notes form a legal currency ;
in fine, that the Bank of Prance could not go on if it
were submitted to the same restrictions as the Bank
of England. The Debats argues upon bank affairs as
a matter of free exchange, that is to say, by book and
theory, forgetting that the rules of economical science
have nothing of rigour in them, and must bend to the
financial or commercial condition of each country.

------
The Journal des Debats-
publishes the following
letter from Trebisond, describing the progress of the
cholera in that city :
"The cholera broke out in this town about twelve
days ego. After having raged intensely during eight
days, it declined for a time ; but since the day before
yesterday it appears to rage anew with violence. The
weather is magnificent, and the heat suffocating. We
hope that the equinox which will soon make itself
felt will free us from this pestilence. On its first al)•
pearance the Russian Consul, with all the members
of the Consulate, and a great number of the Geor-
gians, retired to the country. This sudden departure,
which was imitated by most of the employes of the
Pachalick, has caused terror among the population.
Nearly twenty thousand persons have filed to the
neighbouring country places. Ismael Pacha, instead
of trying to calm the terror of the people, has fas-
terad himself up in his palace, without disquieting
himself as to what passes in the city. All the bakers'
shops have been closed, so that for some time we found
ourselves threatened with scarcity. However, thanks
to the energetic intervention of the French Consul,
M. Clairambault, the bakers have received orders to
open their shops, as have also the chemists, druggists,
and grocers. In the course of the first eight days,
300 persons were attacked by the cholera, and 103
died. The disease, generally speaking, has not pre-
sented such terrible symptoms as during its visit in
1830, and it has been almost always possible to check
it by administering remedies at the commencement.
Most of the persons who died had no recourse to
medicine, or would not consent to employ the reme-
dies which were indicated."
The Nouvelliste of Marseilles publishes intelli-