The Sun.
London, England, 1847-02-03 00:00:00

1‘7% 16963 LONDON WE ON t 4 DAY rt• 4; •

PUBLICATIONS.

TO MASTERS OF COLLEGES, SCHOOLS, &c. &c.
MMRS. LONGMAN and CO.'S ANNUAL
I.TI CATALOGUE of COLLEGE and SCHOOL BOOKS and
EDUCATIONAL WORKS, for 1847, containing about Three Hun.
dred New .and Established Works in all branches of Scholastic
Literature, may be had vratis of all •Booksellers in Town and
Country; or a Copy will be :orwarded, free of postage, on application
to Messrs Longman and Co„ 39, Paternoster row, London.

NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF THE " NOVITIATE."
Now ready, in I vol. post Bvo., price 9s. cloth,
lIE JESUIT in the FAMILY.
A Tale. By ANDREW STEINMETZ. Author of " The
Novitiate," or- the Jesuit in Training, being a Year's Residence
among the English Jesuits."
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

HERALDRY, FAMILY HISTORY, &c.
T:IE PATRICIAN, price 2s. 6d_, edited by
JOHN BURKE, Esq., Author of "The Peerage," devotes a
considerable portion of its space to the subjects of Heraldry, Gene-
alogy, and Historical Biography. Among the numerous articles that
have already appeared, we ma) refer to the following :
I. HERALDRY; its History mut Regulations—ll. FRAGMENTS
of Family History—lll. The GENEALOGIST; b-ing a description
of all the Public and Private Records elucidating Family History,
with Lists of the Herald's Visitations—lV. PRECEDENCE; its
Laws and Customs. •

T)RITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH,
New-road, London.
The principles of the HYGEIAN THEORY are contained in the
following resolutions:-
1. The vital principle is contained in the blood.
2. Everything in the body is derived from the blood.
3. All constitutions are radically the same.
4. Ali diseases arise from the impurity of the blood ; or, in other
words, from acrimonious humours lodgel in the body.
5. This humour, which degenerutes the blood, has three sources—
the mazernine, the contagious, and the personal.
6. Disease and pain have the same origin, and may, therefore, be
considered synonymous terms.
7. Purgation by proper vegetable purgatives is the only effectual
mode of eradicating disease.
8. Experience of upwards of 20 years has amply proved " lfo-
rison's Vegetable Universal modicum" to be such proper vegetable
purgatives.
9. From the intimate connection subsisting between the mind
and body, the health of the one must conduce to the serenity of
the other.
Hygelsm—The science of health. •
Hygeist—A promoter of health.
Hygetan—Pertaininc to the science of health.
These terms have not been adopted through an affectation of sin-
gularity, but merely for the sake of drawing a sufficiently broad line
of demarkation between the old and new schools.
Read the " Morisoniana."

BRITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH, New-
road, London.
An attempt is now being made by a portion of the medical press to
prejudice the cause of Hygeism, in the following specious manner.
The public is aware that for many years Hygeists have advocated a
rational system of medicine, which assigns the cause of all diseases
to an impurity of the blood, and that, therefore, they are curable by
proper vegetable purgatives. The success of thi, theory is known to
all the world, and the consequence has been that many individuals
have availed themselves f such suecess, and brought out pills under
al, sorts of names, some of which are mot fraudulent, such as "Old
Parr," and also under the names of eminent deceased phi sicians, who
it is well known had nothing whatever to do with such pills. Some
of the parties implicated have actually forged a wit, purorting to be
Old Parr's, in order to impoe upon the public. N.,w, what the mem-
bers the British C liege of Health wish to bring before the notice
of the public is this—that they cannot be responsi de for such nefa-
rious proceedings. In all callings there will be black sheep, the me-
dical professionmot excepted. Hygeists, as a body, consist of honest
individuals, who believe that the principles they advocate are founded
in truth. Their principles are before the world, and upon them they
matt stand or fall. They have no connexion with the host of pill-
mmgers throughout the kingdom, and repudiate their c ishonest pro-
ceechru,s as much as anybody. Mr. Wakley may find it convenient,
for the sale of his " Lancet," to class them together in order to pan-
der to the taste of a certain portion of the medical body; but Hyge-
ists trust that the .public has sufficient discernment to draw the
proper distinction. Everything connected with Hygeists and the
British College of Health has been done openly and honestly, and
therefore they do not fear the strictest scrutiny. 'Utley are, in short,
the honest dissenters from the present system of medicine, as taught
in the schools, and cannot be responsible for the dishonest acts of
persons who please to take advantage of a successful theory in order
to enrich themselves. Theories in medicine, as in other things, be -
long to no individuals.

NORTON'S TRULY VALUABLE CAMO-
MILE PILLS, FOR INDIGESTION, &c.

These Pills area pure extract of camomile flowers, prepared by a
peculiar p ocess, by which all the medicinal properties of rather more
than one ounce of the flowers are concentrated into four moderate.
sized pills, They are mild in operation, and have proved wonder-
fully successful in removing every sympton of indigestion, sick head-
ache, loss of appetite, giddiness, heartburn, costiveness, eruptions of
the skin, and all complaints arising from a d sordered state of the
di.est•ve organs ; they require no alteration of diet, and their opera-
tions will be found so beneficial in givinr tone to the stomach, regu-
lating the bowels, and in promoting a healthy habit, as fully to con-
vince all who take them of their great utility. Per. ons who have
suffered from indigestion for several years, have. by their use, in a
few weeks perfectly recovered, which is a convincing proof that in
the smallest compass is contained the largest quantity of the tonic
principle of so peculiar a nature as to pervade the whole system,
through which it diffuses health and strength.

bola in bottles at is. lid., 23.9 d., and Ils. each, in every town in
the kingdom.

e.A.UPION. —Be sure to ask for " Norton's Pills," and be not per
•
•aded to purchase an imi• ation.

OPENING OF THE PORTS.
LORD RUSSELL and Co., it appears, have resalv'd
To amend the dilemma in which we're involv'd,
And the ports of the realm, which so long have been shut,
Will, doubtless, be open'd ithout " if" cr " but."
Yon perhaps may suppose, from the way we ct,mmenee,
We shall write in a strictly political sense ;
But no, worthy reader, E. MOSES and SON
In political matters would meddle with none.
The ports being open'd to let in the grain
Will be treated In rather a different strain.
E. MOSES an i SON have their own open ports,
For matchless beilliments— dress of all sorts.
By MOSES and SON was the first effort made
To open the ports in the tailoring trade.
They expos'd the high prices which govern'd the day,
And threw down the barrier that lay in the way;
And quickly Economy's flag was unfurl'd
To all in the widely-inhabited world.
E. MOSES and SON have created a stir
Throughout the vast realm by the good they confer;
And none can be found in the kingdom dispos'd
For the ports of E. MOSES and SON to be clos'd.
LIST OF PRICES.
RIAD' MADE.

La. d
geaver Taglionts, from
li .• ••••••••• • • • • • •• • • . 010 6
esterflelds and CoAringtons .. • • • • • • • • •• • • .
eashas, D'Orsays, and Chesterfields, and every description
of winter coats
0.. • • • • • • • •
"
goys' W . 0 8 6inter Coats, in every style and make.. •• •• •• •• •• •• •• ••
Tweed Trousers, lined ..0 A 6
• •
Frock Coats. .. Dress Coats .......... 1 0 6
pouni.-breasted Vests . . ........ .......... 0 2 0
'.
Boys' Hussar and Tunic Suite
........
'oys' Winter Trousers • •
tto• ••• • • _ ..... .• ..... . 0 1 6
Mourning to any extent at five minutes' notice.
MADE TO MEASUB.E.
Winter Coats, warranted waterproof, made to any style,
handsomely trimmed •• • • .........
Milled Cloth Coats, trimmed, velvet collar ..
a• ..
nd cuffs, lined 2 6 0
Tweed Overcoats. • • .• • • • • •••• • • • • •
Tweed Trousers . .
in all the most approved French
pat•terns 1 2 6
............ ........ 1 6 0
i‘liel,ntteDrrTerssiousTreorsu•scrs
........
Diess Coats ..... . • • • • . • • • • •
... .. 1 12 0•••• • • • • ....•
Rest quality made
Frock Coats ..
Best quality made •••••••••••••••••• • • • • " • • • • • • • • • • 3 3 0
Fancy Vests . .
Satin, plain or fancy
Hussar and Tunic Suits ....... .....

eln ed
Boys - ••••••••.• •• •• • • 1 5 0
A new Work, entitled " Costume Cast'e," with •fitll ciirectr 1. 8
for self•measuremerit, may be had application, or forwarded
post free.
Observe.—Any article purchased, ready made, or made to mea-
-3,,,e, it• not approved of, will be exchanged, or if preferred, the
money returned.
E. MOSES and SON, Tailors, Woollendrapers, Clothiers, flatters,
Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters, for
Ladies and Gentlemen, 154, 155, and 156, 157 Minories, and 83,
84, 85, and 86 Aldgate, ;lily. London.
Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the
public against impotors, but have learned that the untradesman-
like falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern,
has been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons.
'they have nu connexion with any other hoc in or out of London;
and those who Desire genuine and cite Is clothh4, &c., should call at,
or send to, Minorics and Aldgatc, City, London.

Toticc►. No business transacted at this establishment from sun-
set Friday, till sunset Saturday, when business is resumed till twelve
o'clock.

GLILPIIALL, JANUARY 28, 1847.
Ln E COMMITTEE for LETTING the CITY'S
LANDS will MEET at GUILDHALL on WEDNEsDaT, the
17th day of February next, instead of the 10th, as before
advertised, at One o'clock 'precisely, to receive TENDERS
for LETTING on LEASE a HOUSE, No. 19; on the North
Side of Broad-street Buildings, and a HOUSE, No: 3, Windsor-
court, Monkwell•street, for 21 years, from Lady day next ; and also
a HOUSE, No. 2, Beehive-passage, Lime-street, for 13 years, from
Lady-day next.
• Furt'er particulars may be obtained, and Plans seen, by ap-
plying at the Office of Works, Guildhall.
• THOMAS SAUNDERS, Comptroller.

GENERAL CONVEYANCE COMPANY,
for Passengers and Parcels; the former at a Penny per mile,
the latter at a halfpenny upwards, according to weight. Capital,
300,0001., in 60,000 Shares, of 51. each.
An influential Board of Directors of this Company being now
formed, Notice is hereby given that no further applications for Shares
will be received after WEDNESDAY, the 10th of February instant.
A revised Prospectus, containing the NAMES of the DIRECTORS,
will be forthwith issued, and may be had, together with Forms of
Application for Shares, at the Company's offices, 5, Gresham-street,
City, on and after Thursday, the 4th of February next..
C. MACKENZIE, Secretary.
Feb. 1, 1847. •

GRAND TIAL COSTUME, anti FULL-DRESS
BALL, at the ST.• JAMES'S ASSEMBLY ROOMS (late the
St. James's Club), this Evening (Wednesday), Feb. 3.—The Lessee
of this magnificent and unrivalled establishment, at the request of
several noble and distinguished Patrons, has the honour to announce
a grand Bal Costume and Full-dress Ball. To-morrow (Wednes-
day), on a scale of unprecedented splendour. On this occasion the
entire suite of rooms will be thrown open to the public, brilliantly
illuminated, "and adorned by the most experienced artistes of the
day. Floral emblems, gorgeous draperies, carpets from the .richest
looms, palatial furniture, will all be combined to produce a cop d'mil
such as can only be equalled in the salons of the royal, the noble, and
the wealthy. All the resources of taste and power of money will be
lavished to leave this fete without a parallel. The rarest productions
of the choicest conservatories will charm the eye, and shed fragrance
o'er the scene. The music:will be seleCted from the repertoires of
the most distinguished orchestres de dense. The much-admired
band (considerably augmented) will be conducted by the celebrated
Mons. Dubreuil. , The renowned Jullien has composed a new polka
and quads ille expressly for the occasion. In the course'of the ven-
lug there will lse several quadrilles, in the costume of the different
periods, as danced at her ttajesty's grand Bal Costume, at • Bucking-
ham Palace. The whole terminating with a good old English.
Country Dance. Six Maitrea des Ceremonies will be in attendance,
to arrange the various sets. Supper will be served at one o'clock.
The cuisine will be found worthy of the establishment designed 3y
the genius of Ude., and long presided over by that illustrious chief.
The number of cards being limited, an early application is re-
quested. Tickets, Gentlemen, lOs 6d.; Ladies, 7s. 6d. ; to be had
at the principal Libraries and Costumeries ; and at Mr. Clark's
Office, 53, St. James's-street, adjoining tho establishment. Doors
open at Ten o'clock.

THE LATE FATAL ACCIDENT ON
THE GREAT WES . ERN RAILWAY.
ADJOURNED INQUEST.
SOIyrHALL, F
EL I.—This morning, according to the ar-
rangement made on Wedneeelay last, the Coroner and jury
re-assembled at the'Red Lion Inn, Southall, to conclude their
inquiries as to the deaths of Mary Bishop and Henry Halt,
killed by the fall of a fragment from the broken tire of
the "up" express engine, evhile passing the four o'clock
" down" train, in .which'ihey were passengers, this day
week. The proceedings at the inquest were, it will be
remembered,-adjourned, t het the jury might be enabled to
visit the scene of the cataetrophe by daylight, and that
the evidence of scientific men, free from the possible sus-
picion of bias, might be adduced as to the cause of the
accident.
After a very careful insnection of the carriage in which
the deceased met their deaths—of the fragments from the
broken tire of " The Queen's" driving-wheel, and of the
condition in which that engine was left by the accident, the
fellowing evidence was adduced before the coroner and the
jury:—
John Fawcett, smith to the Great Western Railway Com-
pany at Swindon for the last three years, said, that it was
his duty to superintend the tasking of, aid to examine all the
wheels and tires which had to be made by the company, and
to see the latter fastened on the former. His usual mode of
examining tires was this :—They were sent to him a little•
under the size required, and atter heating them he had them
placed on a stretching-block until they were of the size re-
quired. Such a process might weaken the tire a little, but if
the outside skin or the inside of the tire was unsound they
were generally able to see it by such means ; and he had
strict orders not to put a tire ea if he saw the east flea, in it.
He did not remember the blocking of the tire which had
given way, but, as a general rule, mach greater attention
was paid to the tires of driving-wheels than to those of
ordinary wheels. When a tire was found to be unsoundly
welded, it was generally welded anew. It appeared to him
that the broken tire of the Queen was welded before it came
to them, by having the two eieds cut off at an angle and
brought togetherin the form of'..a V, and then a V-piece
welded into the vacant space. Though, when an accident of
the kind happened, the wheet wiS generally brought to him
to be repaired, he did not alwayeeltiereee.that the givip w
.of the tire' wascthe .cruse 'of tire "iect4ent. If an old tiro
broke the wheels were condemned, but not so if the tiro was
a new one. lie had had no experience in 'the making of
tires or wheels before he went to Swindon. It was his
opinion that the tire bad broken at the weld—the unsound-
ness of it having escaped observation at the manufacturer's,
and afterwards by him. All the tires sent them were not
tested ; for some they received of the proper size, which it
would not do to stretch. He could not, therefore, swear
positively that it had been tested by " blocking," although
he believed it had. He must, however, have examined it
when red-hot, and must have seen any flaw had such been
visible at that time.
James Almond, the engine-driver of the Queen, and who
was examined at the previous sitting of the inquest, ex-
plained a misunderstanding as to his previous evidence, by
which it appeared as if he had denied that the Queen had
ever previously thrown a tire.
' The Collo:lan—When did she throw a tire then? Wit-
ness—l think it was about seven or eight months ago. No
one was injured by the occurrence, which happened when
they were travelling at a ape, d of about sixty unites an hour.
On that occasion the tire was thrown from the other driving-
wheel, and a new one was put on the wheel at Swindon.
The tire which has caused the present accident was no doubt
examined at that time.
The CORONER—Suppose the tire from ore of the carriage
wheels was broken, is that on the fellow-wheel taken off in
consequence? Witness—That depends on its being worn
from long use. When the tire came off the fly-wheel of the
Queen before, that on the fellow driving-wheel was so little
worn as, to make no difference between it and the new tire
by which the broken one was replaced.
The Coaoszo—How often have such accidents happened
to you lately? Witness—Three times with n the last eight
or nine months, and in each case it was the tire of the driv-
ing-wheel which gave way. Witness did not recollect such
an accident having ever occurred with the tire of a carriage
wheel. Witness attributed to the same cause, viz., bad
welding, the breaking of both the tires on the- driving-
wheels of the Queen.
Mr. B. Cubitt, the engineer, stated that he had had expe-
rience in the construction of tires and their application to
wheels, and that he attributed the breaking of the tire from
the driving-wheel of the Queen to an unsound welding. The
mode generally adopted in welding a tire was as follows :
The two ends of the tire having been cut off at an angle were
brought together in the shape of a V, and then a V-piece
was welded into this V-space. In Mr. Gooch's plan, as he
had described it to him, the V-space was filled with three
V-pieces. He considered this much the best mode of effect-
ing a good weld, and it was the process generally adopted at
the Haigh Foundry. The other plan was more in use for
tires which were all iron and not steeled. He was now loco-
motive engineer of the Great Northern Railway, but hid
been employed on the Brighton and Dover line. The steeled
tires of the latter company were welded in the way which he
had described, and he had them from the same place as the
Great Western Railway Company. The steel tires of the
Brighton line were not riveted on to the wheel as the iron
tires were—as it was conceived that the effect would be to
weaken the tires, though that could not be the case to any
considerable extent. The rivets required to be soft, and
when they wore away, the surface of the wheel would be
rendered uneven. Not one-tenth of the wheel tires on the
Brighton and Dover line were steeled, so that nine-tenths ()-
them were riveted. The part of the tire where the fracture
took place on Monday last was so defective that it would
never have been put on if the fact had been known.
The Cowmen—Had the inspector any means of ascer-
taining that the tire was so defective? Witness—l don't
see how he could. for it had been tested by "blocking," and
also by being rolled in hoops.
The CORONER—What would you recommend to prevent
the recurrence of such accidents? Witness—l only know of
one thing, and that I don't think certain in its operation.
I mean putting in 1%-inch screw rivets from the inside of
the wheel over every 18 inches of the circumference of the
tire. I should recommend that the screws pass through to
the steel, or as near it as possible This would, at least,
prevent the fragments of the tire, when it gave way, flying
so far as they have done on this occasion.
Mr. J. M'CoNneee, an engineer, lately in the employ of
the Bristol and Birmingham Railway Company, but now
superintendent of the locomotive department of the London
and North-Western Railway, said, that having seen the
broken tire from the driving-wheel of the Queen, he had
come to the conclusion that it had been badly welded in the
first instance. From the section shown by the fracture, he
thought that only the pieces cut from the extremity of each
arm of the V., and from the point of -its apex, had been
united—that the whole had not been properly fusel to-
gether, owing to an improper mode of working the weld.
One large V-piece had been introduced over almost
the entire breadth of the tire, and that V not
being of the exact form of the V-space, which
it ought to have filled, had not united except where it re-
ceived the blows of the hammer. He had seen tires welded
with two V's meeting in their centre. He had also just been
informed by Mr. Gooch of the plan pursued by him at
Swindon, and which with slight variations he
had seen
practised before. He considered Mr. Gooch'splan more
likely to produce a solid weld than any other which he knew
of. It was quite possible that with 'ordinary care the un-
soundnessin the broken tire might have escaped the eye,
particularly when the outer skin presented a sound appear-
ance. He had known tires, in frosty weather, break at other
parts than the weld. It appeared that the fibres of the
broken tire were changing to crystals. He could not say
whether that was the result of the iron being of bad quality,
or of some other cause. Different circumstances would pro-
duce such a change at different periods of time. It' the wheel
were overbalanced it would be produced very soon. The
e
fracture did not take place from the iron being crystallized.
On the Bristol and Gloucester line steel tires were much
were
but none of them were ever broken at the weld. They the
same fastened by rivets, and many of them were made at
. A
same works as those of the Great Western Compa
and
very small proportion of the wheels used on the Bristolas
to
Gloucester line were riveted, and the riveting
wWhen
strengthen the wheel, and not to keep the tire on.
te-
they broke ese'er from frost, they did so most commonly
at the rivet-heads.
think that
The CORONER—WouId you recommend the
already made to us by Mr. Cubitt? Witness-
-Iwould by introducing a screw from within the wheel yound
I would
en-
sure safety if a fracture of the tire did take place, a
recommend the adoption of that plan.
I railway Mr. J. Braithwaite, engineer to severe
he had compa-
nies, and residing at 39, Bedford-square, thatsaidth
evidence in-
spectedal-
the broken tire, and having heard
doubt that the
• lered there could not be a
ready given considered The
of the fracture.
unsound welding was the cause
of the section, and the
imper-
fection occupied about 60 per cent.
ttfOeosrstuniptot hritng
wheel.
waneelidfaocft uthnentg
strength of the wheel was,
therefore,
could on examination have
ought to be. No human foresightnse
unsoundness existed. He had him-
determined that such an. u
produced from the
the superior quality of h
a very difficult process, hut the way
Foundry. Welding
isne I
which
ce nit
the
was sech as he thought
wasbrokee tire had been effected, though
not one-third suggestion
tioint
tu,
einrkie Foundryr ,a
would e b
not e t
approve tim o n to
eel'orkm°n,
it would save time to the w
ascasualties renderedi
n invisible
future.
t_u erte.:
the authorities of the Haighe
for the sake of their reputation,
There being enough of metal
y tons' weight, blocking did not
The mode adopted by Mr.
by the outer skin of the
inor theal tirow if
weld should have been effected.
Gooch was that in which tits
within the wheel a more p
which stood deservedly heilgslL
sufficiently
He considered the screw from
weakened by the bore of
screw to the absence of all fasten-
He decidedly preferred t ended;
unsoundness,min's
whi•
scuhchw
and from the fact that the
ing, which some recommended; feet way than riveting for aovuoldiJbmge
not one-third of
broken tire of the Queen, though its pro-
pered with that engine some 20,000 miles,
he strength, travelled
he contended that no tire c
Such a plan would •
a;l%-inch, or a IM-inch sere
as . give the
of securi▪ ty, far as opinion went.
public a greater degree
The fractured metal appeared to be very much crystalized.
An axle had a greater tendency to crystalize than a wheel,
as it was subject to greater alternatet_ action and reaction.
Steeled tires were ,in his opinion,
orsome purposes stronger
than any other, but perhaps they were more subject to the
influences of weather. The advantage of them, however,
was so great, that it was the duty of every engineer to use all
precautions possible in continuing them.
Mr. Gooch announced that for the future the screw would
be used on the Great Western Railway, and that he had not
used it before because he thought it would interfere with the
strength of the tire. (Mr Gooch then read to the coroner
and jury a long letter which he had received from the Haigh
Foundry Company, with respect to the unsound tire made
by them, which had caused the accident. The letter stated
that the tire could not have teen made according to their
orders; that they had endeavoured in vain to discover by
whom it was welded ; that the men employed by them on
such work were their best hands, the work being of a
every
for character ; that being well paid, they excuse
for carelessness ; and that, as a security against defectivewelch,
they
they were required to pay the expense of replacing any that
might fail, besides makingesnother tire, if necessary, without
pas.) Mr. Gooch then proceeded to explain the instructl'
given by him for effecting a good weld in tires. The ons
ends
of the tire being brought together and united fora small por-
tion of its breadth. a V-piece, for which a space is
in the shape of the ends, is then welded in. On the
erbepared I
base of
that V-piece, a section of the base of a larger V iee •
welded in, the ends of the tire here foam corresponding.-1 e is then
the angular ends of the section, and 'tlese endeetni. to
beyond the base of the V-piece under it. Above this seectling
of a V-piece is welded in a second section like it in shape,
extending beyond its base, fitting into the inds of thetire.
mid occupying the whole remaining breadth of the tire. The
space round the angular endsof the last section is then cut out,
and a new piece of welding put in. A piece is also cut out