The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-20 00:00:00

(From the Times.)

The Journal des Debuts, anxious, as it would ap-
pear, to make the various departments of its political
system hang well together, has travelled far for weapons
wherewith to bastinado French democracy, and, by im-
plication, M. Thicrs and his friends. This grave Con-
servative and Guizot Journal has brought its own fire of
haughty Royalism to bear upon the ultra-Radical Mes-
sage of Mr. Van Buren to the Legislature of the United
States. It can find nothing in the Message 'uut rabble po •
litics. That document it calls "a manifesto of the demo-
cratic party, in support of doctrines which they have been
disseminating for many years, and which, unhappily, had
enjoyed a complete triumph until the very last election."
There is, however, much and pointed truth in the se-
vere remarks of the I)ebats upon " two fatal sentiments,
of which America does not stand alone in offering an
example to the world "—(take that, you gentlemen
of the extreme Gauche)—" that of a spirit of indepen-
dence carried to excess, and that of an intolerant ha-
tred of all superiority." " Thus," adds the French
official newspaper, " does Mr. Van Buren make a last
appeal to that gloomy liberty, and that inexorable jea-
lousy." The whole article of the Journal des Debuts
would be worth translating for its eloquence, and for
the tone of deep and indignant reprehension of the
brutalizing spirit of extreme equality which pervades it,
and it is to be regretted that want of space deprives our
readers of its perusal ; fer we have seldom seen a more
forcible or more edifying exposure of the tendency of the
thing called " movement," when it once gets ahead
and infects the habits of a people, to batter
down all intellectual excellence, all eminence, whether
of personal worth or social influence, or worldly
prosperity or distinction, however nobly acquired
and founded, as being of an aristocratic character,
to one dead level of distrustful and dreary
mediocrity. " Those," says the Journal des Debuts,
who would prepare for every man, and for every
people, a sort of isolated and repulsive existence, are
grossly ignorant of human nature. They turn their
backs upon the road which leads nations to equanimity
and to greatness, and individual men to peaceable, pros-
perous, and virtuous life—to a life of freedom also—
because freedom consists in the exercise of the spiritual
f.culties, whilst isolation cannot fail to paralyze and
famish the most precious of those faculties. Such men
are guides to a li:e at once base and brief, true coun-
sellors of misery. This is not the first, although nearly
the hest, animadversion that has of late appeared upon
that repulsive self-sufficiency and self-dependence, which
distinguishes the democrats of North America from
almost ail other nations of the earth ; but which, in the
judgment of the French Editor, seems naturally to asso-
ciate itself with other attributes of thet same spirit of
morose equality which he finds to be growing amongst
certain portions of his own countrymen, and of which ho
is wise enough to dread and deprecate the possible ascend.
ancy. The Journal des Debuts, in some of its reflections
upon America, is indebted a good deal to De Tocque-
ville, but has pioneered its own path in turning them
to account as a warning against imitation within the
territories of Louis Philippe, where it concludes with an
anxious hope, not merely that the public energies may
find vent in works of peace, and in useful labours, but
further still, that since " material " undertakings alone
can neither constitute the happiness of mankind, nor
give consistency to public or private morals, nor obtain
for any people the respect and confidence of their
neighbours, nor establish the national honour, nor na-
tio.mlity itself, upon a rock, Governments ought to seek
and cherish this latter class of elevated objects as the
chief end of all their efforts, and the aim of all their
political and social institutions. But if public works
of the most pacific and profitable nature cannot do this
for a civilised people, what moral influence will
France be likely to secure over mankind by menac-
ing her metropolis with cannonades, or surrounding
it with a wall an hundred times more impotent against
the combined numbers and skill of armed Europe, than
even the gigantic circumvallation of China proved itself
against the Tartar hordes, which found it no serious
obstacle to the conquest of the Celestial Empire ? By
the way, what has become of all our fine Chinese vi-
sions, and
.of the triumphant shouts of the Downing-
street journals, for the victories achieved in every,
quarter of the earth ? Where and how have the Eng-
lish barbarians obtained that magnificent " indemnity
for the past and security for the future." that " three
millions paid down in ready money,' which was the
burden of such pwars, and the staple of so many columns
of contemptuous ridicule spirted out against the Duke
of Wellington and his Conservative supporters by
time morning and evening press of the Whigs ?
We fear that nothing is settled. Instead of the
little war," according to the linkboy Globe's
impertinent use of the Duke of Wellington's lan-
guage—instead, ire say, of a " little war's having al-
ready produced great results," the great opium war
against China has produced no results at all—not a
shilling of indemnity—not an approach to a treaty
—not even a promise to negotiate worth the least
reliance. And what have we really and definitively
accomplished in the east of Europe ? What is the
actual state of affairs between Mehemet Ali and
the Sultan ? Where is still the army of Ibrahim Paella
Hew far has lie proceeded on his march towards Egypt ?
Has the Turkish fleet arrived at Constantinople, or is
it at Alexandria still? Has the prolongation of the
con`..cst there—for in Syria the fighting is not yet. over—
not yet produced any change of posture, or return to ill
humour in the French Government? Admiral Duperre
has at this moment in Toulon 18 sail of the line, 'zeal
manned, which our ships (as is complained of by
scores of British officers in the Mediterranean) are not,
nor in a safe condition for conflict with a skilful Euro-
ropean etsemy. Is our quarrel with the United States
made te.s
made up, or the slightest approximation towards it
Ask Mr. Van Buren, who hopes, as every American
President has hoped, and every British Minister, for
so ninny years ; but not a single point is yet decided,
nor A single atom of American tenacity relaxed, nor a

single ground of hope established (though many of ap-
prehension) which did not exist ten years ago. Then,
in fact, there is nothing settled anywhere ; east, west,
north, south, there is nothing settled. Yet out of
such nothingness a Qactm's speech must be vamped up,
and everything like an amendment sneered at! Will
the speech allude to the state of Ireland, and the re-
peal agitation too? We guess not.
(From the Morning Herald.)

We understand that energetic remonstrances have
been again made, within the last few days, on the part
of the great Powers, against the continued armaments
of France, and that the British Cabinet, which hesitated
on the subject, has determined to express its sentiments
very clearly, in accord with those of its Allies.
French Government feels itself ill at ease under the
accumulation of these reproaches, particularly at a mo-
ment when it had hoped to find something tending; to
renewed friendship in the speech of the Queen of Eng-
land, on the opening of Parliament. Oar informant,
who has hitherto kept us so fully advised in diplomatic
affairs, suggests the immediate convocation of a Con-
gress, as the sole mode of terminating the existing dif-
ferences. In the face of public opinion, France cannot
be the first to disarm, and it is clear that those who
followed her movements in that respect cannot give way.
before her. It is only, our informant says, through the
medium of a Congress that a general disarmament,
under guarantees, can take place.
(From the Morning Post.)
The Ministerial Globe extols Mr. O'Connell's speech
at the Whig-Radical gathering in Dublin, on the ground
" that he made repeal' the alternative of Stanley's
success in carrying his hated measure." This will sur-
prise nobody. Does any man doubt that the success of
Lord Stanley's Bill will be fatal to the Whig-Radical
Ministers, or that these unprincipled persons, the mo-
ment they arc turned out, will turn Repealers, Repub-
licans, or anything else that may seem to afford them a
chance of getting in again ? The Globe, moreover,
says :—" It is already whispered that Lord S:anley will
abandon his Bill, and will endeavour to engraft its more
subtle and insidious clauses on the Bill for the improve-
ment of the registration which is to be introduced by
the Government." Where, we should like to know, is
this whispered, and by whom ? At the Reform Club,
perchance—perchance in Downing-street—and by men
who believe, with dread and dismay, that Lord Stan-
ley's Bill will be ready to send up to the Lords by
Easter, whatever Ministers may be in office.
( From the Morning Advertiser.)
Ireland, by the meeting held on Friday last, to which
we yesterday alluded, and of which we this day publish
the proceedings, has afforded the strongest evidence of
her determin'stion to resist the onslaught designed
against her franchise by Lord Stanley's Anti-Irish Re-
gistration Bill. In directing attention to these pro-
ceedings we mean not to exaggerate the importance which
must necessarily attach to them, and therefore, in
placing them before our readers, we merely in the lan-
guage of a Dublin paper, remind them that " the re-
quisition was signed by forty-five of the nobility of Ire-
land, by several Lieutenants and sixty Deputy-Lieu-
tenants of Irish counties, by forty-six Members of Par-
liament, by 380 Magistrates, 300 Protestant, Catholic,
end Presbyterian clergymen, 300 country gentlemen
and landed proprietors, and 400 merchants and members
of the legal profession. Notwithstanding theextremeseve-
rity of the weather, the meeting was worthy of the object,
and of the rank and influence by which it was convened.
The boxes, pit, galleries, and stage of the theatre were
crowded to the utmost extent, both tiers of boxes being
completely filled by fashionably dressed persons, prin-
cipally ladies ; and the stage being crowded with gen-
tlemen, representing the rank, wealth, intelligence, and
influence of the country." Before making any comment
on the proceedings, we are anxious that they should be
read and understood by all desirous of acquiring correct
information on the subject. Another meeting is about
to be held in the north of I reland,on a requisition, muster-
ieg a display of titles and numbers almost equal to those
who called the great meeting to which we refer, but la-
mentably deficient in rank, influence, andcharacter. Let us
give a few names taken passim from the two requisitions.
In favour of Lord Stanley's Bill there first appears
" Downshire," against it " Charlemont." On the re-
lative merits of these names alone may an appeal be
safely made to the people of Ireland ; but we confess
ourselves at a loss to find in the requisition calling the
aggregate meeting in Dublin, any names worthy to cope
with" Waterford, Roden, Londonderry, Beresford," Sec.,
so familiar to the ears of Ireland in association with
blackguardism, oppression, and cruelty. We shall not
at present pre-occupy the attention of our readers far-
ther than to direct attention to the proceedings which
we this day publish, and which appeal with equal force
to our readers, and to the Members of the Parliament ,
about to assemble.

(From the Globe.)
The Tories exult in the strength of their Commis-
sariat. The Great Duke is said to be preparing his
batterie de cuisine for the dinners of the approaching
campaign, and the Small Duke has commenced the skir-
mishing by a Conservative festival—a sort of political
luncheon—in the capital of what the Standard calls
" the model county." But our Contemporary thinks
that although the Noble Duke has the glory of being
" adored" in Bucks, yet he has been deluded, by the in-
tense Conservatism which environs him, into an opinion
that his party ought immediately to turn out the Whigs.
" He (the Duke of Buckingham) knew of no govern-
ment at present. It was Sir R. Peel's one day, and
the Radicals the next:—(Cheers and laughter.) The
time had, however, arrived when Sir R. Peel should
take the Got ernment in order that the Throne might be
supported, the Church maintained, and the rights and
liberties of the people protected.—( Hear, hear.) It
might be very well to say, Wait your time,' lout he
would say, like his Hon. Friends, that the time was come
—that the blow ought to be struck, and that a Conser-
vative Government should rule this great country."
The Standard thinks this too hasty, and wishes Sir
Robert Peel to choose his time ; and even the Post,
though dissenting from the Standard, admits that
there may be reasons why the Conservative leaders
should " content themselves with substantial power,"
and not take office forthwith ; but has some apprehen-
sion that " the Conservative tide may sweep onwards
with such force that the leaders must obey its impulse,
lest the pressure from behind should be too great
for the safety either of the party or the State.' We
do not know what the Post would wait for ; but the
Standard is afraid of a compromising Government.
The " Protestant Conservative democracy" must exer-
cise its due control. " True Conservatism is the po-
litical creed of the nation, unless the popular feeling
shall be paralysed by some disgueing defection of the
leaders of the party," (perhaps something like the Ca-
tholic Relief Bill.) "Of such defection there is less
danger while the Conservatives remain in opposition,
because there is no temptation to it." As the Stand•
and justifies the Protestant landlords for clearing their
estates of Popish tenants, we suppose that Sir Ro-
bert Peel is to surround hims( if with men who wiil
take care that no Papist shall continue to hold any
office from which he is removable at the pleasure of the
Crown ; and, of course, in new appointments none but
sound Protestants will be admitted to any office
whatever. At the Ashby-de-la-Zouch festival, a Mr.
Gough said, " lie considered modern \Vhiggery to be
a compound of absolute tyranny, democracy, and Po-
pery—alike fatal to a Protestant monarchy, and the
welfare and happiness of a Protestant community."
" This," says the Standard, '' expresses faithfully and
eloquently the sense of die great body of the Con-
servatives of England." We offer no comment, but ad-
mit that the eloquence and sense are equal, end take it
as a manifesto of our Contemperary's principles.
(From the Standard.)

As the Session of Parliament approaches, curiosity
becomes more lively and active in anticipating the pro-
bable topics of the Royal.. iech. As regards foreign
policy, subjects of congratulation present themselves ; but
there will be much delicacy required to treat properly
the relations of this ntry with France, so as on
the one side to av jiving offence, on the other
eacouri.lging arrogant I etensions. This is a difficulty
which, arising out of the sensitive charier of our
neighbours, even more than from the peculiar cir-
cumstances of the crisis, would embarrass wiser and
more skilful men than her Majesty's present advisers;
still it is a difficulty which cannot be evaded. The
affairs of Great Britain may be disposed of with case,
thanks to the utter failure of the meditated Anti-Corn-
law sedition, and to the returning good sense of the majo-
rity of those who were lately Chartists ; this last blessing
being chiefly the ctletA of the exertions of the Con-
servative press and the Conservative people in
forcing an amendment of the administration of the
Poor-laws. Despair is an evil counsellor to the in-
dividual—to the masses it is a fatal one ; but the
zeal for the protection of the humbler classes, whe-
ther in the workhouse or the factory, manifested
by Conservatives of every rank and degree, has taught to
these classes that they have real friends watching for them,
and that, therefore, they must not listen to the deadly
counsels of despair. In promoting Church worship the-
Conservatives have also greatly contributed to thin, t I e
ranks of the Chartists : so much may he done to pro-
mote the most important political ends without the pos-
session of political power ; at least, of the politicalpowe
which belongs to office, or a Parlialtne_ntary predominance.
There is little to be said of the financial state of the
country. By the aid of the new e
been kept up to nearly its former sacxa('lse,the revenue has
though falling
far short of the present, even the late, national expendi-
ture. The national debt has been increased about seven
millions since the accession of the Wines to I •
and this without taking into account, as we elibelieve,ecve,
the "7"t India loan of twenly millions, or the war

(From the Courier.)
If we have been rightly informed—and we have no
reason to doubt but that we are—the Friday's trains of
the South Western Railways were detained on the line by
the snow until Saturday. This is lamentable neglect.
No other railway has been thus impeded, and there is the
less excuse for permitting such a drift on the line as to
cause such delay, because the fall on those days was no
sudden and unexpected thing, and therefore the evils
arising from it might have been provided against. If Mr.
Locke has a Cault it is in carrying his economy too far,
and we suspect, in this instance, to save the expense of
employing a few men, in addition to the work of the
engines, more snow was allowed to accumulate than
could be cleared off (having fallen upon ice and become
frozen) by the engines. Thus the Company, being penny
wise, have been pound foolish ; and we are induced
to notice thus particularly the subject because
we cannot sufficiently impress upon the minds of
the managers of railways that they arc public works,
permitted only for public use, and that unless they are
liberally dealt with they will not be permitted at all,
or, at all events, with clauses the companies would be
very sorry to see in their Acts. We had hoped that.
on the secession of Mr. Easthope from the chair, the
South Western would have resumed the proper and dis-
tinctive appellation of Southampton, and have brushed up
into a proper and smart metropolitan line of road ; that
its plans, arrangements, and conveniences would have
equalled the Birmingham, or, indeed, as it is less of
a business transit line, it would even have exceeded
it. For these reasons we trust the new Chaii man
will be a resident in London. We are in the habit of
throwing more refinement into our management than
the mercantile gentlemen of the manufacturing dis-
tricts ; and we really wish to see the proprietors
and managers of railways look a little more to the
public interests than their own premium or dividend ;
although we are equally as desirous to see a good divi-
dend follow—of premium we care nothing, except so far
as the value of the shares creates it from the dividend in
proportion to the value of money. The returns on the
South Western Railway have been so much larger than
was to he at all reasonably expected, that the Company can
now afford to act liberally in all respects ; and as one of
the great advantages of railway' travelling is the power
of keeping the two lines of iron clear of snow, and thus
keeping up the means of travelling in all weathers, how-
ever severe and bad, so ought every railway Company to
be doubly zealous to prove this advantage as against the
doubts and fears of the public in the dangers of running
on an undeviatable track. We have not heard that the
other great lines have been similarly impeded.

MONEY MARKET and CIT Y NEWS

-

(MONDAY EVENING.)
II ERA LD.—A singular report is given in the Ameri-
can papers of one of the Commissioners for managing the
state debt of Indiana, and providing for the payment of
dividends, the last of which in July was a matter of con-
siderable difficulty, but it is only lair to add was eventu-
ally accomplished, much to the credit of the State and its
officers, although at great pecuniary sacrifices in the sale
of stock and excessive discounts on exchanges of paper
available for remittances to New Orleans and New.
York. These difficulties in making provision for the
dividends Ening due arose however from no want of
apparent assets, or credits, in possession of the State,.
had they been of a nature to be madc serviceable, for
eselusive of a debt from the Mortis Canal Com-
pany of upwards of 1,000,000 dollars upon balance,
the Stare WAS and appears to be still a holder of
State, bank, railroad, and other stocks and shares of
very indifferent repute to the extent of above 1,000,001
dollars more, the larger proFortion of which was incon-
vertible into real values on any terms, and what might be
disposable, only so perhaps in the way of deposit as cola
lateral security for money ad, anced on an emergency.
The Commissiorer in his Report confesses with a candour
approaching to simplicity, that he had " made indiscreet
sales of bonds. . . . I must say," he states, " that I
have made contracts for the sale of our bonds that I would
not with my present experience make again, but at the
time they were made, in the honesty of my heart I believed-
them to be for the interest of the Sate." The unsale-
able stocks and shares ref:reed to were doubtless a pass
of the consideration received in satisfaction of ems-
tracts for the sale of Indiana Bonds to unsubstantial
parties. But past experience was not sufficiently'
smart to prevent the worthy Commissioner from fall-
ing into other blunders. For example, he was jug,z led
by the Morris Canal people to hold over or waive the
heavy claim of the State before noticed, on mortgage of
the Morris Canal itself for 1,250,000 dollars, states
himself for his justification that the cheat is worth 2.000 0001
but:cost 4,000,000 ; that it produces 70,000 dollars a j ear ;
bul as the expenses of management and working amount
to 50,000, there results, even should the valuation be
realised, no more than 20,000 dol lass annually towards
the interest upon 1,250,000, which at 6 per cent. would
be 75,000 dollars, to say nothing of pritiental for ever urr-
redeemed. The linos man appears to have been duped
every way by the Morris Canal Company, for it sass from
them also he received, and the State was saddled with,
the 1,000,000 dollars and upwards of discredited stocks
and shares before mentioned, by way of pit meat of In-
mane bonds.

CHRONICLE.—Lord Althorp, now Earl Spence.,
in moving, on the 31st of May, 1833, that the House re-
solve itself into a Committee of the whole House on the re-
newal cf the Bank Charter, said, " It is certainly
a ques-
tion
of great importance whether it is desirable to trust
such a power in the hands of persons not legally respon-
sible,;or in the hands of a Government which is responsible:
and another point is, whether the profits, necessarily to
be derived, should belong to the Government, or be
allowed to the Company ? The advantages, and the only
advantages I have been able to discover in a Government
bank instead of a private company are the responsibility
of the managers and the profit to be derived from this
undertaking ; but it seems to me that they are
much more than counterbalanced by the practical
evils of such a system." His Lordship then referred
to the temptation of Government to abuse its power,
and to the impolicy in that case of permitting any
assistance to be given to the commercial interests of the
country in periods of difficulty—a course frequently pur-
sued by the Bank of England. His Lordship, therefore,
threw aside all idea of a Government Bank for the ma-
nagement of the paper circulation of the country, and then
touched upon another point, which, he observed, had beets
urged upon some occasions, that although a private corpo-
ration ought to have the management of the circulation,
yet that Government should have a direct control over its
affairs. He states that he did not think this control
would be very effectual, and, to a certain extent, he
thought it would be liable also to the objection
already stated, " but," added his Lordship, " I do not
know what great objection there would be to adding
to the practical experience of the Directors the opi-
nion of the Minister of the day." This adds to the'
weight of precedent afforded by the Bank of France
the important opinion of Lord Althorn, which every
man in this country will receive with deep respect.,
tbat he knew of no objection to the interference of Go-
vernment in the management of the Bank. His Lord-
ship, however, did not think that the establishment of
Government control would be of any great advantage. It:
might, he thought, be of some advantage, but not to suclr
an extent as to make it desirable. The only remaining
check, therefore (arid he admitted it was imperfect), was
the publication of the accounts of the Bank. His Lord-
ship then alluded to the principle on which the flick
had conducted its bustness for the preceding
Jive or six
years, which he explained to ba the retention of ""e"
third of the liabilities to be kept in bul:ion in the Bank
coffers. He very justly observed, that they bad the ex-
perience of the effect of that mode of management flur.o7
a period of considerable difficulty, and he came to thri .
fit
elusion that it was justified by experience. " l'ublic_ty (
accounts," said his Lordship, 'a will enable all men to intlt,ta
whether the Bank continues to act upan this wiinlesonarc
principle, or variesfrom i .
• onsible fur their
Bank Directors are not legally resp .
...
•t i t may be said, that then
punich ed if I.riey depart
conduct, and that they cannot be
admit that there is a responsibility to public opinion, and
uss usbejee etth toat the
the.
that it. will have its control upon men in every situation.
Irani their former practice. This is true ' but. we oust
Therefore, I am prepared to propos* the continuation (.4.
Tinhethie)ubmlCrwopil(l'litsh,
single bank of issue, was the confident he-
control of publicity." f
ground on which the Bank o England charter was last-
renewed, single bank of issue
lief and understanding that. the bullion would be kept on
a fixed principle of one-third in amount to the liabilities.
The condition has been almost entirely cis icarded evri.r
reiiewed, as a
since. The agreement has been broke • with the
ec,
country, and the question now comes to be considered
_—shall it be renewed 7 No one, we presume, would
propose to do so on the same terms. Without some
expressed clause in the Act of renewal, binding the
Bank to adhere to certain principles of management,
we scarcely think that a proposal of renewal would
base any chance of success in Parliament. The voint of
importance to the public is, should it be renewed even
with a clause exposing the Dircetot a to punishment in case
of forfeit tire? We have stated our views oii that head al-
ready, and believe tint the only sate remedy is to add tootle
check of perfect publicity of accounts the control of °di-
cers chosen by the Crown. Lord Althorp was averse to
the idea of any compulsory enactment to compel the Direc-
tors to abide by a fixed principle of management, because
he saw and felt that the only way by which the Directors
could expect to maintain public confidence was by proving
that they were possessed of that judgment and steadiness
of purpose which rendered penal clauses to compel there
to act faithfully to the nation useless and unnecessary.
Experience has now shown how far that reliance was well
placed. The flit cetera have been weighed in the balance
and feund wanting ; arid when Lord Althorp sees how his
confidence in them has been mispbccd, we confidently hope
he
will adroit that Government control, after all, is re-
quisite to ensure uniformity and steadint sl in our mone-
tary system.

ELECTION FOR BRIDGE-MASTER.—The polr-
ing IccunirneTn•cd on :11onday inortlng at nine o'cluel:, and
ploccedcd briskly throughout the day. The follotNing
numbers were announced at the close (three fi'cleck) :
Gibbs, 1,970; Ledger, 1,655; majority for Gibbs, 315.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS .•AY.
!0rning.,....17 minutes after 0 I Evening muiutes after 0,