The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-20 00:00:00

4f-IBIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THR DAILY PAPERS OF YP:STERD Y.
GLOBE.—The Times and Herald ere recalling
attention—indiscreetly, we think, for their party—to
the practical political economy of their Food-Exclusive
patrons. They are doing this, of course, in the shape
of attack on the theories of " Political Economists"
who are more commonly called by that name. This
has always been a favourite artifice of the Food-Exclu-
sires, and of their tools. It must no longer be
suffered to pass without challenge, and without ex-
posure. We pledge ourselves (for our humble part)
that we never shall see this trick played off, without
taking occasion to unveil the hypocrisy of its actors, and
to prove that there is only one set of political econo-
mists in the country, who have possessed the power,
and have exercised it, to regulate the condition—as re-
gards material well-being, and even subsistence—of all
other classes. Those political economists are the Lords of
the soil. No other class has possessed the power which
they have possessed, by virtue of their absolute pro-
perty in that grand instrument of production. How
many should be allowed to live on the soil which ac-
knowledged their ownership—how much produce, and
on what scale of culture, should be raised from it—
they have had power to dictate. To this immense
disposal of the natural powers of the country they
have arrogated all the artificial additions law could
give them. So long as it was supposed possible (in the
infancy of that se:.ecce of political economy in which
the landlords have always enforced their doctrines)—
so long as it was supposed possible to keep down the
wages of labour by law, such legislation was made
and enforced by the predominant order as that of the
Plantagenet and Tudor reigns. The " Statute of La-
bourers," passed under Edward 111., was confirmed
under Richard 11. A further attempt to reduce hus-
bandry labourers to a hereditary caste of serfs, was
made by the 7th Henry IV., cap. 17 (1405). And these
were the benevolent preludes of the Acts passed in the
reign of Elizabeth, the intention of which has been most
ignorantly or dishonestly construed by the Poor-law
agitators, as having been to establish a lax and indul-
gent system of relief to paupers. It was no such
thing. The first statutes in that reign confirmed all
the severities which had been previously enacted against
those who, having no property but their labour, pre-
sumed to act as if they had a right to dispose of that
property ! The laws empowering the Justices to regu-
late wages, made by the 14th Elizabeth, 1572 (in the
sense of keeping them down, for the attempt to keep
wages up by the force of law is an idea started in the
most recent times only) remained in nominal force until
the present century, and Sir Frederick Eden gives a
regulation of wages in the county of Lancaster so late
as 1725, whereby the Justices have the power to make
them. Now these were the times, this was the spirit, to
which the denouncers of modern political economy,
factory systems, and new Poor-laws, are perpetually
pointing back, with loud invocations of the wisdom of
our ancestors! This *as the purely landed legislation
for the labouring classes—legislation with which we are
ridden still; though it now takes a different shape. is
it denied that the landed interest has been long (we might
almost say always) guided by mercantile principles in
its disposal of the use of the soil ? Is it denied that it has
crowned those mercantile principles with monopoly? Is
it denied that the landlords, ever since the demand for
food by a vast population, and the demand for work by
eager competitors, have rendered it no longer necessary
to seek to fix labourers on the soil, have turned their at-
tention exclusively (we speak of themof course, as a body)
to deriving the greatest net returns from that soil, consi-
dered as an instrument of production ? Is it denied
that by this view they hays bean guided in regulating
the scale of farming, in imposing the terms of leases, and
in keeping lahour on, or clearing it off the land ?
Why then, what effrontery is it to fall on manufac-
turers and economists for the state of society (as, for
instance, the increase of numbers in the towns over the
country) which is, and can be, primarily, the work of
none but the landlords themselves! The class com-
manding the sources of subsistence—the class possess-
ing the powers of legislation—the class which, by
property, has been able to dictate how many should
be fed directly from the soil, and has been able and
arrogant by law to dictate how many should be
fed at all—this is the class whose exclusive par-
tisans would shift the responsibility of the evils of the
present state of things to any shoulders but their own !
Manufacturers may not all be models of bounty and
liberality—economists may not all be miracles of abso-
lute wisdom—but what have manufacturers or econo-
mists had to do with the grand monopolist bread-ma-
nufacture—the grand rural economy of the landlords ?
Those who rule the production of food at home, and
restrict its supple from abroad, arc our masters.
STANDARD.—We regret to be compelled to de-
dare our dissent from the views of an article which
appears in the Times of this morning, touching the re-
markable event which is about to take place in the con-
secration of a Protestant Bishop of Jerusalem. Our
respected Contemporary appears to be doubtful upon
the point; but it is altogether certain that his Grace the
Archbishop of Canterbury has consented to consecrate,
early in November next, th© Hebrew .Professor at
King's College, es the bishop of the Church of St.
James in Jerusalem The case deep net stand exactly
in the attitude iu which it has been represented to the
Times. Instead of there being one acknowledged Pa-
triarch, or Bishop of Jerusalem, belonging to the Greek
Church, and resident there, there are several. The
Greek Patriarch who bears that title resides at Con.
etantinepte. The Roeran • Catholic Prelate, called of
Jerusalem, resides somewhere else. In Jerusalem
itself there are, as we have said, several persons
exercising episcopal authority, of the Armenian and
other Eastern Churches. The Protestant Churches
arc the only section of the Christian world that, to their
shame be it spoken, have had no representative in the
Hely City. Of late great changes have taken place,
and greater arc at hand. An English Consul has been
placed there, and Palestine is becoming the centre of
many hopes and expectations ; both among Jews
and Christians there is a growing disposition to
settle in that lend. With Protestants, however, one
paramount want has always been the absence or any
known and recognised ecclesiastical authority ; so
that converts to Christianity, or members of Protes-
tant Churches, were considered by the Turks as little
else than vagabonds. This deficiency it is now pro-
posed to supply. It is to the honour of the
greatest Protestant Sovereign on the Continent of
Europe, that he should ne the first to perceive
the want and to propose a remedy. It is to the
honour of the Church of England that a Conti-
nental Sovereign should have put himself wholly into
her hands in this matter. It is to the honour of her
rulers that they have so cordially entered upon this
great work. And the only thing to be lamented i.,
that apparently, if we may judge from the 7 imei
article, some few members of the Church of England
are inclined to look with jea'ousy upon the plan, from
a kind of morbid fear which we feel assured is utterly
groundless, of interfering with some supposed rights of
a Prelate residing at Constantinople, and who has no
snore exclusive right to call himself the successor of
St.
James, than any of the other six or seven persons
who exercise episcopal authority at Jerusalem.

LAMIN,67----
LIG
SE GONDA RIES'
ENCE
COURT;' Oct. 13.
RYLES V. BENNKT.
Tido was an action tbomrecover the sum of -1/. being
a
the balance due on of exchange, drawn by the
defendant, and endorsed by him, and negotiated to the
plaintiff.
Mr. Charnock appeared for the 1 • ••ce and si
Thomas on the part of the defendant,P amtiii, lair.
Mr. CHAANOCK stated the case,
appeared
nt.ant drew a bill
that on the 234 April, 18,40, the clef; Ind it
Hnter,
for 201. upon a gentleman of the
which bill was dishonoured on its beenoaraeg °L.
plaintiff had giaen the defendant considerable The
he had paid 161. by instalments, which leabtailmaneCeanodf
41., for which the present action tva
the bill,
eorrddreew
brought. The
defendant had first pleaded that he no:
but he subsequently obtained a Judge's
that plea cancelled, since which he had r,
pleadedand had
full
payment. As the defendant had admitted his hand_
Er to the bill, the only answer he 11,d
writing ~ to make was
to prove the payment.
Mr. THwt:ts addressed the Jury, and called two
witnesses, one the son of the defendant who proved
that fie had taken at different times sums of two and
three pounds to the plaintiff, in all amounting to 16/.
The other witness, who was a porter, deposed that he
had taken letters to the plaintiff which he believed con-
tained money, but ho could not say the amount.
Mr. CHARNOCK addressed the Jury in reply, and
produced several letters from the defendant asking for
time, with regard to the bill in quest:on, some months
after the delivery of the letters alluded to by the last
witness.
The Learned UNDER-SEIERIFF having summed tip,
the Jury retired, and returned with a verdict for the
plaintiff.

The following clever ruse ~related by the
s i e
smuggler. whose
-Droit :—" A few days ago a Belgian
horse and its contraband lading had been
seized by the
Custom-house officers of Vis-en-Artois, went to them
and proposed for a reward, to lead them to a spot whore
tthey Would be able to effect an extensive seizure of to-
baceo, making it a. condition, however, that, as he we.
known to thAsnaugglers, he should, for hie personal 5
eurity, go with them in disguise. The precaution ap- ranng t° be -Et proper one, the uniform of a Custom-
horse °facer wag lent to him, and he was mounted on a
horse to accompany the two officers, also on horseback,
who were to roake the seizure. di arriving at an inn in
the village of llermies, he said he-was afraid to go far-
ther, lest he should be
recognised, but pointed out a barn
at some distance where he said the tobacco was lying,.
and told them that he would wait- for them. They .all
put up their horseein the stable of the inn, and the two
officers proceeded on foot to make their capture. Dur-
th ing their absence the smugglei saddled the best of
the thrtl.ee and joss off. with t. It is needless tohorse state
FORTIFYING a i.pa horse Without finding any tobacco."
oNO KON6. It. is stated in
the Indian Papers, that the
engineer's estimate for for-
-5,000,0001, tifying Bong Kong amounts to the enormous sum of