The Sun.
London, England, 1847-05-03 00:00:00

SUN,

MAY 3, 1847.

shed, when first the rates come to be collected. Nobody
in Ireland has money, or will acknowledge that he has.
Nobody ever thinks of paying a debt to the State, so
long as he can help it ; and as to the rate-collector, he
will be a fortunate man if, in ids first endeavour to gather
in: 'the cess, he escape assassination. But times will
change with the change which is sure to occur in the per,
sons of the proprietors and occupants of the soil ; and
till this occur, the police end the soldiers must do their
duty. Ten years hence wc. shall have an entirely new set
of squires in every Irish county. The old families will
have broken up and gone, we cannot tell where ; and
with them will depart something that was good, perhaps,
but, we write it deliberately, a great deal more that is
evil. Ten years hence, also, we expect to see a greatly
improved system of farming in Ireland. The new landlord
will enter into his possessions with capital at his command,
lie will gather round him an industrious yeomanry ;
build for them respectable houses; interdict altogether
sub-letting and the conacre nuisance; and teach them,
both by example and precept, to deal fairly by the
labouring population. We know that the Irishman, as
he now is, deserves all the censure, on the score of judo-
fence, which the Archbishop of Dublin has heaped upon
him. He will not work a moment longer than is neces-
sary to earn the pittance on which soul and body can be
held together. And the total absence of forethought
'which characterises him at home, is not left behind, by
any means, when he visits this country. But why should
these things be ? Because the Irish labourer has never
been encouraged, nor felt that it was his interest, to be
industrious. A resident gentry, with estates mortgaged
to the water-line, create of necessity a pauperised te-
nantry, who, in their turn, neglect and oppress the
labourer—giving him, in lieu of wages, a miserable potato
garden, and training him in that school to habits of
practical deceit as well as theoretical lying. How can it
be otherwise, than that a people so circumstanced should
be indolent, cunning, savage, and chronically poor ?"
In fact the whole of his article " Measures not Men,"
is worthy of attentive perusal. It proves that the old
Tory party is completely broken up, indeed no
Radical has ever ventured to vituperate the doings of
that party during the Pitt and Liverpool administra-
tion in the severe terms which the writer in Blackwood
has used, and that the real honest men of the party are
now Whigs and something more ; every measure of the
Russell administration approved of—the necessity of—
selling up the insolvent Irish landlords is not only
admitted, but is urged as the only measure to be
adopted for the permanent salvation of Ireland ; and
the writer, after passing in review all the measures
proposed by the Russell Ministry, concludes as
follows :
" Thus far Lord John Russell has done well. Let bins
go on as he has begun, and, by Nibatever name he may
choose to call himself, he shall have our support."

. .
The literary Legislators who sit for the portraits
this month are Mr. Smythe and Mr. Poulett Scrope.
Injustice is done to Mr. Poulett Scrope; his physical
defects are exaggerated, while justice is not rendered
to his mental merits. Mr. Poulett Scrope is a man of
much greater political importance than the writer of this
article seems to imagine. But if he has been unjust to
Mr. Poulett Scrope, he has been more than just to
that mere schoolboy statesman Mr. Smythe, and he
calls Sir Robert Peel to witness for Mr. Smythe's
statesmanship, because Sir R. Peel appointed him
Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs during
the latter months of his administration. It has always
struck us that this was a negative appointment—an
appointment given not so much to secure the support
of Mr. Smythe, as to secure the neutrality
of his father, Lord Strangford. At the time
that this appointment took place, the utter
incompetency of Lord Aberdeen had become
painfully manifest. " The travelled Thane "
was the laughing stock of the diplomatic world.
Bamboozled in Spain, humbugged in Portugal,
cheated in Greece, laughed at in France, done every-
where, he was the mere brainless tombola of M.
Guizot. Europe had long been aware of this—even
England was beginning to awake, and Lord Strang-
ford, who had strong claims to the seals of the
Foreign-office, was on the point of urging those
claims, and of " showing up ' the utter inefficiency
and ignorance of " the President of the Society of
Antiquarians;" (to show that we have fathomed ex-
actly the capabilities of Lord Aberdeen, we ask when
it was that his Lordship was first cognisant
of the existence of the island of Bali,
his Lordship will understand what we mean) when
this appointment was given to his son, and, of course,
Lord Strangford was silenced. We certainly do not
hold the abilities of Mr. Smythe in such estimation as
does the writer of this article. The other articles in
the number are all literary, and of a very high order.
We have an admirable critique on the recently pub-
lished biography of Mr. Cary, the translator of
Dante ; a most interesting " Scene in the wilds of
Mexico;" a pleasant six pages of amusing gossip
anent modern French authors ' • a capital Nova Scotian
story (worthy of Washington Irving) from the pen of
Sam Slick, and a variety of other amusing articles.

PRICE SD.

---
merity of the prediction was astounding, and stag-
gered even the incredulous, for the most sanguine
hope could hardly dave expected so full a con-
firmation. I cannot attempt to convey to you,
said Mr. Airy, the impression which was made on me
by the author's undoubting confidence in the general
truth of his theory, by the calmness and clearness with
which he limited the field of observation, and by the
firmness with which he proclaimed to observing astro-
nomers, Look in the place which I have indicated, and
you will see the planet well.' And this wondrous and
successful exertion of the powers of abstruse research
was received with a burst of rapturous applause through-
out the intellectual world ; and numerous are the well-
deserved honours showered on Le Verrier."
"A Memoir of Zutnalacarregui " gives an account of
the celebrated Carlist General, who certainly ex-
hibited great ability in the conduct of the insurrec-
tion, by which, within a year, he advanced himself
from being an unknown partizan officer, at the head
of a few hundred ill-clad and wretchedly armed
peasants, to the chief of a well-appointed and well-
disciplined army. "A Cruise in the West Indies,"
"The Fusilier, or Byegone's of a Bear-skin," "Convict
Guards," "The Beginning and End of an Expedi-
tion," " Guard Room Stories," and " Recollections of
the early Life of a Sailor," are amusing records of
strange adventures. In the latter, an extraordinary
instance is given of the summary course adopted by
Lord St. Vincent :

" The ringleaders of the threatened mutiny were im-
mediately seized and tried directly, four of them were
sentenced to be hanged, and the rest to be flogged round
the fleet, which sentences were carried into effect the
very next morning, although it was Sunday, and in op-
position to the remonstrances of Sir Charles Thompson,
the second in command. At eight o'clock the four un-
fortunate men were hanged by the crew of the St. George
themselves, not by a man from each of the boats as com-
monly is the case ; the other men were at the same time
undergoing their punishment alongside the different ships
of the fleet. The signal was made to go to prayers; the
enemy's gun-boats came out at the same time and ours
attacked them. Thus, at the same instant, there was
the extraordinary spectacle in the same waters of hang-
ing, flogging, fighting, and praying going on together.
The prompt and decided conduct of Lord St. Vincent on
thisGccaFion no doubt saved the fleet."

" The Frozen Ship" is a poetical version of a singular
discovery made by a Captain Warrens, towards the
latter end of the past century, of a vessel blocked up
in the ice for many years, the crew of which were
found apparently engaged in their ordinary duties,
although many years dead. The article on " Re-
cruits and Recruiting" details the experience of a
medical staff officer, and gives many curious in-
stances of the tricks resorted to by those anxious either
to get into or escape the trammels of the service.
There is also the usual quantity of information con-
tained in the Editor's Correspondence.

DUBLIN UNIVERSITY.
" Measures for Ireland," the political and the last
article in this number, appears to be a continuation of
" The Famine in the Land," which appeared last
month. Although we differ tot() cal° from the writer
in the views he expresses, the conclusions at which he

arrives, and the remedies he suggests, it is impossible
to deny the talent and ability be has exhibited. lie
is the unflinching advocate of the landlords, and sup-
ports them in all their theories. He clearly sees,
and forcibly depicts, the grievances and ills under
which that unhappy land is suffering; but he obsti-
nately shuts his eyes to the causes from whence
these evils have originally sprung, and by which they
have been fostered and nurtured, until they have at-

tamped their present rank luxuriance. He traces with
a graphic pen the fearful combinations that exist, the
agrarian outrages that have multiplied to such an ex-
tent as practically to deprive the landowner of that
power which he possesses, or rather is supposed to
possess, over his property ; but he does not state that
the powers, which are now only nominal, once existed
in stern reality, and were exercised with no sparing
hands, and that it was probably to their abuse, and to
the fact that there was no legal provision for the
poor man in the land of his birth, that, although
strong and industrious, and able and willing to work,
he might be left to perish in the midst of abundance,
that he could not claim by law a single meal to save
him from starvation—that the entire law of landlord
and tenant was a code framed by landlords for their
own purposes—that everything was thereby yielded
to the privileged class, whilst the humble peasant
was helpless and unprotected, and could only
shelter himself under the sanguinary laws of
the secret tribunals—that the disturbers owed their
authority—and were enabled energetically and vigor-
ously to carry their fell behests into execution to
control the manner in which the rights of property
should be exercised, and to punish severely any
breach of their own regulations. Had the people
been sufficiently guarded in their rights, there would
have been no organised resistance to the rights of the
wealthier classes were they assured of a certain main-
tenance by any.means other than those connected
with the possession of land, they would never have
so vigorously opposed the landlord's privilege of get-
ting rid of an unruly tenant and supplying his place
with another end more obedient dependent, we
should not have seen such a state of things as that
described in the following passage ;
" Emigrants are leaving the country in hundreds;
their produce disposed of, and their rents unpaid. The '
savings' banks are filled to overflowing, with money
realised by the sale of grain, which the tenant farmer
has appropriated to his own use, being either afraid or
unwilling to allocate any portion of it to the payment
of his rent. The landlord is told to take, if he dare, any
legal steps to enforce his rights. His law process is
answered by a death's head and cross bones; aid he is
reminded, by a rude drawing of a coffin, of the narrow
space which his mangled remains may soon occupy,
should he persist in taking any vexatious step fur corn•
pelling either the surrender of the land, or the payment
of rent. Let English gentlemen make the case their
own, and then say what is to be thought of such a state
of things? Should a similar calamity visit England,
and a similar system of agrarian terrorism reduce them
to the condition of the Irish landlords, what would they
think of the demand upon them to sustain, out of their
own vanished resources, the famishing people, and that,
at the same time, no effectual measures were taken to
protect them against the plundering assassins by whom,
if they were not robbed, they would be murdered."
To the inquiry contained in the latter part of the
above extract, we would simply say, that in this
country such a result would be impossible. The
peasant has long known that he is entitled to the
protection of the law—that he cannot be cast out to
die at the road side from the want of the mere neces-
saries of life—that the same law which guarantees to
the rich man the possession of his property, and the
free exercise of the rights and privileges connected
therewith, also secures to his humbler brother at least
a maintenance, and, consequently, no general conspi-
racy will be entered into, or even tacitly sanctioned,
against its operation. The power of the midnight
legislators should by every means be crushed, the
majesty of the law- vindicated, and its efficiency esta-
blished, but the causes that led to the disturbances
should be ascertained and removed. There is again
an attack on the present Premier for not following in
the footsteps of his predecessor, and purchasing with
the Government funds a large quantity of the
grain of other lands. The means adopted by Sir
Robert Peel were certainly useful at the time,
and had the effect of keeping up a due supply
in the market, and acting as a check on exces-
sive prices during the spring and summer of 1846 ;
but it may well be doubted whether they had not
their effect in enhancing the difficulties to be encoun-
tered in 1847 ;. whether they did not diminish the
supplies and increase the prices, and whether we had
not to pay a heavy interest for the temporary benefits
thereby obtained • whether, if the principles of free
trade had then been rigidly adhered to, we would
not have had a sufficient importation in the earlier
part of the subsequent year, and found that, as is
usual in commercial affairs, the demand would have
regulated the supply ? Circumstances, too, differed
materially at these periods. The purchases made by
Sir R. Peel were in addition to the ordinary and
accustomed dealings of private speculators ; but had
Lord John Russell pursued a similar course it would
have been in substitution therefor. The merchants
were terrified. They refused to enter into a compe-
tition with so powerful an opponent ; and had not
Lord John so promptly and wisely given the re-
quired pledge, the condition of the country would
have been fearful indeed, and not only Ireland, but this
country would ere this have suffered from the effects of
scarcity. There would indeed have been " a famine
in the land." The sagacity of the Minister saw the
impending danger. He resolutely adopted the only
course by which it could have been averted ; and,
thanks to his resolution and firmness, there is now an
ample supply, and every prospect of a general defi-
ciency, even in Ireland, has been removed.
There is a pleasing chapter of Continental gossip
from the pen of Harry Lorrequer. His sketch of -a
German grand ducal city is written in his own
liar style. He most happily pourtrays the pecu-
dreary,
heart-wearying monotony of the scene. In the
" Bull Economical" he exhibits the different classes
of Continental travellers, he traces the
c"
three acts of
the drama from " Milor," with hise travelling
equi-
page, including every luxury that could be
hear 0
paying "en Prince" to the half-pay captain of Marines,
higgling for a place with a Lohn Kutcher, or bar-
gaining for a blue-legged chicken at the corner of a
street, from the easy, happy-minded, unsuspecting,
gullible John Bull of former times, to the shrewd
calculator of recliouing6—the um of little

economies—the seeker after a place in tho rotonde
or a lodging au cinquieme—in other words, " t he Bull
economical," who rushed to the continent po. ssessed
with two notions, first, that it was universally cheaper
than this country; secondly, that every I'ot-elm-nor
was an incarnate rogue, and that in combating Pius
tendencies to cheat was the only means of effecting
the economy in question. We must, however., let
Harry describe for himself the influx of visitors :;--
" Then came the third act of the drama, to whic'h the
public were admitted as at half price, and the -whole
populace of England flocked over in shoals; steam
boats could not land them fast enough; the short's of
French.
Ind•erseeeamßaasbeilfoaf braldagEtirip.li,sahs
I:a3lnscitewn do ,r
sDe i eFp
rpeen,
raging at the other side of the Strait, and all were run-
ning for their lives; Lords of Parliament, lerenters
widowsroactions
folna n
from the Derby, city merchants run away, bankr clerks,
diplomatists and defaulters,
dauehters; husbands escaping
fbigamy;
tourists, duellists, and economists, all
pell-mell, r
madly on for that sanctuary which was either to treing
their iniquities or save their incomes. What a changeh"l
was here for the Continentals ! was no 10n,,e
same people they had known, and cheated with ei; much
self•satistactioe; there was a new nation, to the full as
acute and wide-awske as themselves."
He also explains that it would be well that ever:, per-
son who thinks of deserting Old England :-.120u1d
fully understand, viz., that the continent is really not
cheaper than this country, and that to accomplish, the
supposed economy, you must be foreign in your dress,
tastes, and habits, be contented to "breakfast on a
cup of coffee, dine on a potage, and sup on a salad ;"
this, we believe, is a truth that cannot be too earnestly
impressed. IVe have left ourselves but little space to
notice the other excellent articles contained In the
number. "The History of the Sikhs" will be read
with peculiar interest, now that we have succeeded in
defeating the formidable attempt made by that extra-
ordinary nation to subvert the Anglo-Indian power.
The account of the Lion of Lahore, the sagacious and
powerful Runjeet Singh, who gained such extensive
dominions and never lost a single province he had
acquired, who was our firm and consistent friend and
ally, and who knew the real extent of our power, and
the impossibility of any of the native Princes
succeeding in their efforts for our overthrow, will
attract much attention. There are some pleashvlv
written stanzas to a " Snowdrop," and the two first
chapters of a new tale, " Neophytus the Monk, a tale
of Monastic Life in Greece," that promises well. The
scene is laid in the sunny Grecian land during the
struggle for independence, while the oppressions of the •
-iiiT Turkish ewere exciting the indignation and stimu-
lating the Hellenie race to resistance, and arousing a
spirit of vengeance, as deep and deadly as that which
existed amongst the Spanish guerillas in the earlier
part of the present century." " Another Evening
with Poetry and our later Poets," is chiefly devoted
to the works of William Motherwell, to whom it pars
a just tribute. It quotes some exquisite ballads,
written in the simple Scottish dialect. The expres-
sion of first love, fondly treasured in the heart, is
beautifully given in " Jeanie Morrison ;" and " My
Heid is like to rend Willie," exhibits the deep pathos
of the writer. There is a capital likeness of Alaelise
given in " The. Portrait Gallery." accomnanie,l with
a long memoir of that distinguished artist, whom it
hails as the future President of the Academy. The
Doctor of Southey forms the subject of another arti-
cle; and a continuation of the Anthologia Hibernica,
gives some good specimens of native Irish songs in
b7-gone centuries. "Leaves from the Life of Prince
lalleyrand" commences a memoir of that extra-
ordinary person, who witnessed such extraordinary
changes and events in the course of his varied sarcer.
On the whole, we have a Number this monvi far
beyond the general average, and which contains
matter interesting to every description of readers.

DOMBEY AN!) SON. No. VIII.
By Charles Dickens.
Captain Cuttle has for a while superseded Major Bag-
stock in monopolising the interest of the narrative, or
rather in causing it to radiate from and revolve around
him individually. Captain Cottle 'comes out in great
style in the new chapters just published. Ili is suffering
grievously from the household peculiarities of his land-
lady, when Florence Dombey, and Miss sipper, pay
him a visit at his lodgings. For—
., It happened by evil chance to be one of Mrs.;Mac Stinger's
great cleaning days. On these occasions, Mrs. Mac Stinger
was knocked up by the policeman at a quarter before three
o'clock in the morning, and rarely succumbed before twelve
o'clock next night. The chief object of this institution ap-
peared to be, that Mrs. Mac Stinger should move all the fur-
niture into the back garden at early dawn, walk abaut the
house in pattens all day, and move the furniture bark again
after dark. These ceremonies greatly fluttered those doves
the young Mac Stingers, who were not only unable at
such times to find any resting-place for the soles of their feet,
but generally came in for a good deal of pecking from the ma-
ternal bird during the progress of the solemnities."
The Captain is discovered sitting in his room very ,iis
consolsttely, " on a very s mall desolato i-land, lying;htnit
midway in an ocean of soap and water." On pert ieiu
his visitors, Captain Cuttle dauntlessly issues forth uit .11
the main, and having conveyed them to dry land, rettrei
himself beyond the confines of the island, and lf-tons•
upon them from the soap and water " like a new deoerip-
lion of triton." The Captain's mortal fear of Mts. 7,7 Ne
Stinger is something beautiful in the physiology of 1
ladies. But the Captain nearly eclipses himFeV
in•roducing us to another wonderful navigator, one
twin Bueshy, in command of the Cautious Clam, 1,
hard by Ratcliffe. The said wonderful navigator rat
his appearance in the following manner
Com:ng slowly up the bulk-head of the cabin, anot:ier,
bulk-head—human, and very large—with one stationary :ye
in the mahogany face, and one revolving one, 01 the pri1,..11,1e
of some lighthouses. This head was decorated with t.h_w29-_y
hair. like oakum, which had no governing inclinatine to-
wards the north, east, west, or south, but inclined to all r-ar

quarters of the compass, and to every point uprn it. ! !!k,
bead was followed by a perfect desert of chin, and by a ;0, ;•t-
-collar and neckerchief, and by a dreadnought pilot coat.
by a pair of dreadnought pilot trousers, whereof the 1,91-'-
band was so very broad and high, that it became a succ, ta-
neum for a waistcoat : being ornamented near the we roes
breastbone with some massive wooden buttons, like Lock-
gammon men. As the lower portion of these pantaloo,. •
came revealed, Bunsby stood confessed; his hands 11.0 r
pockets, which were of vast size; and his gaze directed. _not
to Captain Cuttle, or the ladies, but the masthead."
Tois Bunsby proves after all an ft,s--a greater r,s tllatt
Dogberry. He is summoned by his admirer, Captain
Cuttle, to pronounce an opinion upon the probah'e fat©
of the Son and Heir vessel, in which Walter hail tulten
his departure, and which has sot been heard of sure.
When called upon for th;fs opinion, in the back parlour
or old Solomon Gills, he prccee in this uise:—
" Bunsby, whose eye continued to be addressed to -
where about the half-way house between London and t:
end, two or three times put out his rough right arm, a- -
ing to wind it for inspirwion, round the fair form
Nipper but that younrz female having withdrawn he •

disitleaure, to the opposite side of the table, the sol

of the Commander ,;f. the Cautious Clara met with

sponse to its impulses. After sundry failures in th,
the Commander, addressing himself to nobody,
or rather the voice within him said of its own acc,

quite independent of himself, as if he were posse
gruff spirit :
" My name's Jack Bunsby I'
" He was christened John,' cried the delighted
Cuttle; hear him :'
" And what I says,' pursued the voice, after some delibe-
tion, ' I stands to.'

" The Captain, with Florence on his arm, nodded at the
audiviry, and seemed to say, Now he's coming out. This
is what I meant, when I brought him.'
" Whereby,' proceeded the voice, " why not? If cc,
what odds? Can any man say otherwise. No. Awast then I'
" When it had pursued its strain of argument to this point,
the voice stopped, and rested. It then proceeded very
slowly, thus:—
" 'Do I believe that this here Son and Heir's gone down,
my lads? Mayhap, Do I say so? Whitt'? If a skipper
stands out by Sen' George's Channel, making for the I) awns,
what's right ahead of him? The Goodwins. He is'nt forced
to run upon the Goodwins, but he may. The bearing's of this
observation lava in the application on it. That ant no part
of my duty. .Awast then, keep a bright look out for'ard, and
good luck to you!'
The voice here went out of the back parlour and into the
street, taking the Commander of the Cautious Clara N‘l'lt it,
and accompanying him on board again with all convenient
expedition, where he immediately turned in, and refreshed
his mind with a nap."
The first chapter contains an exquisite scene, where
Florence hears a little girl commiserating her estrange-
ment from her father; and the flowers which she has
just been gathering, drop scattering on the grou-A like
dust. From the opening chapter we select the fol.,.cv;ng
passages, remarkable for that minuteness of de',.-orp-
ton, which is one of the many inimitable characteristics
of Mr. Dickens:—
" Florence lived alone in a great dreary house, and day
succeeded day, and still she lived alone; and the blank walls
looked down upon her with a vacant stare, as if they had a
Gorgon-like mind to stare her youth and beautyufit ulto stone.
II "No magic dwelling-place in magic story, 1111 pin the
thoeatrhteoffaanctyhi,ctkhwanoodw,aswasheerveratmheorsre solitary any
idtregrrtiemd
reality, as it stood lowerinfo
aomlnwnatleyliesghbybt'sroedueartiya mansionf
oalwaysw n uys night,
when
smiling.iiti shining
sghsctasnwt_eyfraebcrei.gh t e brightness;
" There were not two dragon sentries keeping ward
the gate of this abode, as in magic legend are usually
imp
lips rpiaas:retnheedwa
aN;s;ilie k';e
on duty over the wronged
iftrhoi:intosactbehonivcne the e
comerssa ge w
door,tshidaets tat' hu glowevering
was
all
lalvimonstrous fantasy of rusty iron cu: the
'ing
and twisting like a petrifaction of an arbour over the
threshold, budding in spikes and corkscrew point,, and
bearing, one on either side, two ominousextinguish.,r:. that
seemed to say,' Who enter here, leave light behind !' There
were no talismanic characters engraven on the portal, but
the house was now so neglected in appearance, tea; boys
chalked the railings and the pavement—particularlywas e d
rewt
s round
the corner where the side wall on /he
stable door; and being sometimes driven off ksg- Mr. T,
son, made portraits of him, in return, with his ears I;n••.iiug
out horizontally from under his hat. Noise ceas.sl to be.
within the shadow of the roof. The brass band th:it ..me
into the street once a week, in the morning, never I,n.y, t a
note in at those windows; but all such company, down t= a
poor little piping organ of weak intell,ct, with an
party of automaton dancers, waltzing in and out at ;o:Oing
doors, ft.ll off from it with ono accord, and shunned it as a
hopeless place. •
•• The spell upon it was more wasting than the sp•
that used to set enchanted houses sleeping once a
time, but left the waking freshness unimpaired. The
passive desolation of disuse was every where silently
manifested about it. Within doors, curtains, drooling
heavily, lost their old folds and shapes, and hung like
cumbrous palls. Hecatombs of furniture, still piled and
c.,,ered op, shrunk like imprisoned and forgotten men,
st,id changed insensibly. Mirrors were dim as with the
breath of years. Patterns of carpets faded and 1:!ec-ino
perplexed and faint, like the memory of those years
trifling incidents. Boards, starting at igolvT4tvri !W'