The Sun.
London, England, 1847-06-22 00:00:00

GLASGOW PIG IRON TRADE.--The amount of
business done in this market during the past week, has
been very limited. There has been very little demand,
but prices have been fully maintained. There are no
sales reported today, and prices are nominal at the fol-
lowing quotations:—for No. 3, 635.; for mixed numbers,
645. 6d. to 655.; and all No. 1, 665. per ton, f. 0. b.-.
National Advertiser.

suffered from low-
_
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—NONE NEED BE SICK.--Read
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a cough and spitting of phlegm, and likewise much windy spasms
No medicines had been of any service to her until a lady advised her
to try Holloway's Pills, which gave her immediate relief, and in a
fortnight made her as wel as ever she was in her life. Sold (also Hol-
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Strand, and by almost all ropectAble yenclers fa medicine threughout
the etYialed Tread.

A great French writer has said, that only once
every seven years, the English people are free ; not-
withstanding the falsity of that assertion, it certainly
happens that once every seven years,, or oftener, as
the may be—that is to say at every general election
—the consciousness of their constitutional liberties
and privileges is more forcibly brought home to them.
They have then a personal part to
play in the admi-
nistration. At other times their attention is chiefly
occupied in pondering upon, the acts of the Govern-
ment, or watching the proceedings of the Parliament.
Then, however, the tables are turned—the framers
of their laws become the candidates for their favour
—by the exercise of their elective franchise they find
themselves the makers of Parliaments, and, conse-
quently, of laws and Governments. At such a time,
then, almost every individual is personally called
upon to bear his part in contributing to the well-
being of the community ; and, consequently, at such
a time more especially it behoves every individual to
reflect, and deeply and dispassionatelyf upon the- va-
rious merits of the various measures chiefly affecting
that well-being. Many such topii
public attention, one of which, and e of the most
important of which is, undoubtedly now engross
cation. This
subject is just now more particular'.' _brought before
us by the simultaneous appearance e two pamph-
lets above mentioned. Two sa • essentially
different in their individual ilhalcaderistics, but al-
most similar in their object. Each is addressed
to a large and important body of the people,
each very earnestly demonstrates the inestimable
advantages only to be obtained by education. Yet,
though bearing this general resemblance, they are, as
we have said, essentially different in many particulars.
The one is addressed in a most friendly spirit by a
Churchman to the Dissenters ; the other is addressed
to the Catholics, by one, and apparently not the least
zealous of themselves. The first exhorts the Dis-
senters to avail themselves of the advantages which
the liberality of the Government holds out to them;
the latter exhorts the Catholics to seek- earnestly for
a concession of those advantages which, though con-
fessedly their due, that same Government has hither-
to withheld from them. Almost as a necessary conse-
quence from this difference in their structure, there
results a manifest difference in the style of these two
pamphlets. The address to the Dissenters, though
containing some striking and beautiful affirmatives of
the blessings of education, is chiefly devoted to a
detailed exposition of facts, and a series of arguments
and examples ; while the exhortation to the Catholics,
though also based upon facts, and strengthened by
arguments, is written in a most animated and even
impassioned style —it is earnest with the heart's
eloquence. The object of Mr. Symon's pamphlet—
the plea for schools is briefly described in the title-page,
which premises that it "sets forth the dearth of edu-
cation and the growth of crime, and proves the fallacy
of Mr. Baines' statistics ; showing, likewise, how the
new scheme respects religious liberty, and how Dis-
senters, by rejecting grants, are causing the evils
they charge on Government." This object is very
eirectually carried out. After demonstrating—what
now hardly needs to be demonstrated the vast
number of persons requiring instruction, and
the little facilities which exist for afford-
ing that instruction, Mr. Symons maintains
the futility of placing too much reliance
upon the voluntary principle, extols the advantages of
the Government scheme, and supported by arguments
of Mr. Dunn—himself a dissenter—declares it to be
in no wise prejudicial to the rights of conscience.
Consequently he concludes by exhorting the dissenters
—who, he says, " have identified their name with
some of the worthiest triumphs principle has ever
accomplished in this conntry"—to avail themselves of
the assistance which is now offered to their accept-
ance, and thus co-operate in obtaining "the noblest
victory philanthropy has yet to win," namely, the
education of the great body of the people. That
this appeal may be responded to, we sincerely trust.
It seems, indeed, hardly possible to conceive a con-
trary expectation if we take into account the immense
importance of the subject at issue, and above all the
immense—the imperative—necessity which exists for
unanimity in such a cause. No fable had ever a
truer moral, or one more full of practical utility, than
that of the "Bundle of Sticks." What can an indi-
vidual achieve ? And what can a multitude not
achieve ? The enemies of popular liberty are well
aware of this, when they assume the motto—"Diviser
pour refiner ;" and the friends of the people are well
aware of this when they triumphantly proclaim
" Union is strength !" Let us trust then heartily, and
may we dare say confidently, that this most decisive
and propitious moment may witness the concordance
and co-operation of the various members of the body
politic in the obtaining for themselves and for each
other the inestimable blessings of education. Hitherto
each class has sought chiefly—if they have sought at
all—to obtain assistance for themselves alone ; but
by so doing they are far from furthering their own
interests. Mr. Macaulay has emphatically declared
that " no man can contribute to the cause of educa-
tion and not derive any advantage." "Itis of the
highest importance," he adds, "to all classes and all
denominations of men, that education should prevail,
because, every man's interest is bound up in the
common security and prosperity of the whole nation.
I say it is just as much a matter of common interest
as the defence of our coast." Churchmen, Dissenters,
Catholics, all classes and all sects, are, then, con-
cerned in furthering the diffusion of education, not
only among their fellow-worshippers, but among
their fellow-Christians and their fellow-countrymen.
Each may and should contribute to the welfare of
all--

" More powerful each as needful to the rest,
And, in proportion as it blesses, blest."
Speaking of the advantages which it indirectly con-
fers upon the whole community, Mr. Symons very
justly observes—" Education spreads moral fertiliza-
tion widely abroad. The kindly influences of softened
hearts, and the mighty example and incentive of
mental acquirements, apart even from the direct ap-
pliances of the philanthropy they stimulate and
empower, leaven society, and diffuse the very life-
blood of improvement." Speaking of the advantages
which education directly confers upon individuals, the
writer of the second pamphlet describes its object as
being "to elevate into honest tradesmen and industrious
artisans those who may otherwise become outcasts
and criminals, and to send to the plough and the loom
thousands who, if unaided, must inevitably go to
the hulks and the scaffold."
Prefixed to the remarks upon education, in this
pamphlet, by an Oscotian, is a brief article upon
Catholicity in the Dark Ages," in which the heavy
charges so often brought against the Catholic Church,
of being peculiarly inimical to the enlightenment of
the multitude, and of having been in a great measure
a promoter f the " darkness" or ignorance of the
middle a6es, are fairly refuted by a simple enumera-
tion of some among the many arduous, laborious, and
earnest exertions of the old ecclesiastics for the preser-
vation of learned works, and the prosecution of
learned inquiries. Such a retrospect is naturally in-
teresting. The most staunch opponent of the Church
of Rome, if duly sensible of the advantages and the
pleasures attending a classical education and an ac-
quaintance with the authors and heroes of antiquity
cannot assuredly refrain from experiencing a senti-,
ment of gratitude towards those to whose extreme
veneration for learning we are indebted not only for
' the erection of our noble universities, but for the
preservation of the most valuable, or rather invalua-
ble, portion of our literature. If the subject-matter
of this article be thus interesting in itself, it is ren-
dered doubly attractive by the earnest eloquence with
which it is written, and the ardent spirit by which
it is pervaded. There is something peculiarly fasci-
nating in enthusiasm—it is delightful to read any
v
composition, even if it advocate opinions entirely at
variance with our own—even if it maintain theories
from which we totally dissent—it is delightful to
Elaborations
readsylalbea
ranys trieo
nes:
comparatively
oilp.oasri
argumentatitojvae
ya
a
reallynn
tdt
ra writtenembellishments
they may,
eshments of
lli con or
perhaps, arrest the attention or please the
fancy; but to touch the heart of his reader,
the author must speak from his own. The
writer of this article has most certainly done so.
His heart is evidently devoted with an entire devo-
tion to the Catholic Church—a church so peculiarly
attractive to enthusiastic natures—and the vivid lan-
guage in which he expatiates upon her merits and
extols her attractions is evidently but a faithful tran-
script
sthbeserkealwfiethelibngousnbdylesws gratitudehic and h he is animated.
He 100 okf
affec-
tionate reverence on " the memory of her desolate
labours during the darkness of the mediaeval cen-
turies." He contemplates with exceeding exulta-
tion " her perennial beauty and eternal adolescence,"
and he exhorts with earnest, and even indignant exhor-
tations, his fellow Catholics to unite together in an
endeavour to obtain for the poorer members of that
church those blessings of education to which, from
her past labours in the cause of learning, he considers
her to be peculiarly entitled. But amid the lavish
encomiums bestowed on the Catholic Church, we are
gratified by finding no invidious comments on the
faith of others. There is no doctrinal controversy,

no religious antagonism, no bigoted sectarianism.
Both articles in this pamphlet bear evidence that
their writer is one, who, as a Catholic, is zealous for
the welfare of his church, and as a citizen, is anxious
for the amelioration of all his countrymen. The
paper on " Catholicity in the Dark Ages" commences
with the following very felicitous comparison, which
fully evidences the tender affection which the author
bears for his spiritual mother
" Jean Paul Richter—romancist as he was, poet as he
was, philosopher as he was—loved one little memoranda
better thon the libraries of Alexandria or the Vatican.
Dirty, dog's-eared, blotched with ink, and filled with
crabbed writing—that miserable volume was more pre-
cious to him than the most golden manuscript. He
prized his treasure .more than did Alexander, when he
enclosed the Iliad in a casket encrusted with jewels :
Richter enshrined his Iliad in the recesses of his loving.
memory. And was it not, so to speak, an Iliad, an epic
of a human heart—that book ? that book in which were
enumerated the vigils of his dead mother, when she
toiled, secretly, night by night, at her spinning-wheel,
to earn home and bread for him ; that book in whose
blurred characters he heard, as it were, the beatings of
that dead mother's heart. Yes, Jean Paul Richter loved
that little book with a filial tenderness that was sancti-
fied by death.— lii all his.after_greatness, when the glory
of his song was carolled in the garden-crofts of Ger-
many ; when his name had become a household world in
his fatheiland ; when in the palace, in the homestead, in
the city, in the wold, in the dell, in the mountain, in
every crevice and corner of that great country, he was
recognised as one of the royal children of nature, the
thoughts of Richter would revert with a supreme pen-
siveness to the records of that volume • he would muse
over the endurance of those lonely labours in the mid-
night ; over that uurepining self-sacrifice; over that
bygone poverty ; and, alas ! that bygone patent. And,
thinking of these things, he would weep ; earnestly,
ardently, gratefully, passionately, he would weep.
" Such a memory, and such a book as Jeaa Paul
Richter had, I have. But the book I speak of is History,
and the mother I speak of is our holy church.
" What the mother of Richter suffered during the
nights of a few winters, our spiritual mother suffered
throughout the nights of many toilsome centuries.
What the mother of Richter did for one man—her son,
our spiritual mother did for generations ; and not merely
for generations of her own children, but for generations
of aliens, and heretics, and infidels."
. . _

As we have already said, this article is of a most
interesting character; the style is not' nly remark-
able for the impassioned fervour with which it is
animated, it displays also, and in no mean
degree, the varied beauties of composition,
and the evidences of erudition. It is not enough to
have said that the author evidently speaks from the
fulness of his heart, his ideas are not only genuine,
but are always clothed in beautiful and appropriate
language. His writings combine the lavish embel-
lishments and high finish of the most elaborate style,
with the fervour and freshness of a most natural and
unstudied one—a combination not very frequently to
be met, but which, in this instance, imparts to a
written essay somewhat of the forcefulness and vigour
of oratorical eloquence. After showing how, when
the incursions of the barbarians had overrun the whole
of civilised Europe, and "all the landmarks of learn-
ing were sent adrift on the ocean of ignorance," the
chefs d'ceuvres of the classic writers were sacredly
preserved in the monasteries—and not only preserved,
but perpetuated; for many of the denizens of the
cloisters were wont, it appears, " each day to tran-
scribe, with extreme care and extraordinary beauty
of penmanship, from the Greek and Latin manuscripts
treasured up in their libraries"—our author proceeds
to tell us why they were so treasured, and in so doing
he gives in a few brief but emphatic syllables, an ad-
mirable synopsis of the different peculiarities in the
various styles of the classic writers, followed by an
earnest panegyric of the most celebrated monastic
writers. _ _

" The plenary sympathies of Catholicity extended
even to the profane achievements of an idolatrous race.
Virgil and Homer were treasured up by the priesthood
of the One God, although ./Encas and Achilles were the
worshippers cf the demons of mythology, and they were
treasured up because of the genius by which this now
innocuous pantheism was there encompassed. Horatius
Elaccus and Anacreon, despite their panegyrics upon
drunkenness, were preserved, because of the music of
their bacchanalian verse. Catullus and Ovid, although
marred by the wantonness of their imaginations, were
rescued from oblivion because of the dainty intonations
of their metre. Terence and Aristophanes were che-
rished because of their matchless drolleries and sar-
casms ; Juvenal and Persius, for their satires upon
depravity ; Sappho and Pindar for the pathetic ardour
of their inspirations ; Demosthenes and 'fully, for their
impaaaionod oloquonrn lE:rhylna and Troaind, fnr thn
sublimity of their conceptions ; Propertius and Tibullus,
for the sweetness of their elegiac strains ; Plautus and
Martial, for the incidental refinement of their wit ; Eu-
ripides and Sophocles, for the graces of their diction 11
and the grandeur of their declamatory rhlthm ; Pliny,
for the amplitude of his investigations ; Democritus, for
the beauties that sparkled out in the very ghastliness of
his merriment ; and even the dismal but bewitching Lu-
cretius, for the natural flowers of poetry that sprouted
through the chinks of his sterile creed, and bloomed in
the wastes of his desolate materialism. Beyond all these
imaginative classics there were the voluminous creations
of the so-called historians ; there were Tacitus, and
Livy, and Herodotus, and Curtius, and Sallust ; there
were the profound and picturesque narratives of Poly-
bins and Thucydides ; there were the descriptive com-
mentaries of the accomplished conqueror, the great Ju-
lius; there were the fabulous chapters of the Argonautic
expedition by Apollonius Rhodius, and the kindred me-
mories of Ammianus Marcellinus, Diodorus, and Dio-
nysius of Halicarnassus ; and all these did the discern-
ing ecclesiastics garner up at a period when, but, for
their interference, the manuscript originals would have
been fuel for the baking of a kid or the kindling of a
casual bonfire. For the riches of antique literature,
therefore, mankind is indebted to the reviled wearers of
the cowl and of the girdle.
" But the intellectual assiduity of the monastic orders
was by no means restricted to the multiplication of the
copies of compositions that had already been produced
—wonderful as such a manual undertaking was in itself.
The clerical scholars were originators as well as perpe-
tuators.

" From the solitudes of an eremitical life, from the
womb of the wilderness, a Great Voice vibrated over
the world, crying out to the nations as with the reson-
ance of an angelic trumpet, singing as to the sympho-
nies of celestrial timbrels the glories of an atoning God.
At the sound of that Great Voice the voluptuaries
started up from their origies ; the patrician revellers
rose from the marble benches of the amphitheatre ;
the feats of the athletes, and the prowess of the
gladiators were forgotten ; the pampered citizens
of Rome were flying from their barbaric assailants—the
desert was no longer unpeopled—the Princes of Italy,
bereft of their riches, hurried for solace into the womb
of the wilderness, to the home of the Great Voice. The
voice was St. Jerome. And St. Jerome was a religious !
In the court of the Emperor Charlemagne, in the midst
of the palladins of that heroic conqueror, whilst Jgeuse
clanked in the imperial scabbard and Durandel glittered
on the thigh of Orlando—one man engrossed the admi-
ration of the Franks, for his worth, his simplicity, and
his wisdom. That man was Alcuin. And Alcuin was
a religious ! Upon the banks of the Tyne, in the plea-
sant seclusion of Jarrow, lived of old, and wrote
of old, and prayed and toiled of old, the most
reverent of our native historians. That historian was
Bede. And the Venerable 13ede was a monk ! Tones
of exquisite melody thrilled through the hearts of Eu-
rope and Asia, and afterwards into the furthermost
depths of America. Those tones were the utterances of
Saint John Chrysostom. And Saint John Chrysostom
was an ascetic, and—what is more—Archbishop of Con-
stantinople. Tertullian and Origen, and all the primi-
tive fathers in like manner spoke literally like the
oriental princess, tlic,se precious stones of eloquence and
logic, which shine for ever in their books, and emblaz3n
their names among the immortal. And all these were
nurtured iu the monastic establishments !"

Th.3s article is very appropriately prefixed to the re-
marks upon education, it being thus designed, "To
afford a testimony that Catholicism has been the
guardian of earthly as well as Divine knowledge,
and that her children are therefore entitled, in a
particular manner, to the blessings of secular
tuition." Of the remarks upon education it is unne-
cessary to speak further; they are especially ad-
dressed to the Catholics themselves, and to the
attention of Catholics we most cordially, commend
them, feeling assured that they must derive, if not
some benefit, at least much pleasure from their
perusal. Heartily do we respond to the desire of
their author "to behold the indigent and the ignorant
of all classes, without any invidious distinctions what-
soever, elevated by the humanising sentiments of
religion, and reclaimed by the potent influences of
education." We will hope that such a happy result
is not far distant, and we will hope also that these
little works we have just noticed may tend to the con-
, summation of our wishes.

REJOICINGS ON THEPASSING
OF THE TEN HOURS' BILL.
(From the Bradford Gazette.)
The final settlement of this great and important
measure has been received throughout the whole of
the manufacturing districts of Yorkshire and Lan-
cashire, with feelings of the greatest joy, especially
by the working classes. We rejoice also to know
that many of the most extensive spinners and manu-
facturers have received it with the best possible
desire to use its advantages to the future welfare of
their workpeople. There are many others who look
upon it as the most important measure passed during
the existence of the present Parliament, and amongst
its most warm supporters and admirers are Messrs.
Walker and Co., of this town, whose zeal in the cause
for many years have elicited universal applause from
I the operatives.
On Thursday and Friday last these gentlemen