The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-07 00:00:00

expenditure, the measure might have been more perfect
and in place of taking advantage of the opportunities
afforded of doing the utmost with the means within
their power, much valuable time was lost, and heavy
burdens entailed on the land, while the majority of
the proprietors stood with folded arms and uttered
loud complaints because they were required
to do anything. Again a regulation—mirabile
dictu—almost universally approved of was intro-
duced; but still, although a great benefit is
conferred on all those who are willing to avail them-
selves of its provisions, the usual and ordinary occu-
pations of the people are suspended, and no means
are taken to sow the lands or to provide for the ensu-
ing crop. Small farmers have not only ceased to
employ the quantity of labour usually occupied upon
their holdings, but they have themselves sought to
obtain daily wages on the public works, to the utter
neglect of their tenements, and in contempt of their
own bests interests. It would appear as if they
supposed that the crops were to be put into the
ground, cared for, and attended to at the national
expense, and that they were to reap the fruits they
did not toil or labour for. Such an insane course,
if persevered in, must occasion a dearth of every
description of produce, and render necessary
an expenditure perhaps greater than the State, with
all its resources, could bestow. There is yet time
if the people will be warned. The national disaster
may yet be averted if the parties will only bestir
themselves, but if the golden opportunity is lost the
result will be frightful to contemplate, and those by
whose neglect it is occasioned, will prove the first
victims.

It would be the first duty of the landlords to look
attentively to this matter in sufficient time. The
persons who are so neglecting their holdings should,
so far as the landlord was empowered to do, be com-
pelled to take active steps for the due and proper
cultivation of their farms while there is yet time ; if,
on being remonstrated with, they still neglect or
refuse to till the land, their reasons should be ascer-
tained if it was really owing to distress that they
had not the means of livelihood, save from the wages
that they could obtain for their daily labour, that
they were therefore unable to occupy themselves
upon their own holdings, or to procure seed to put
into the land; loans should be granted to them by their
landlords, or from the private subscriptions of gen-
tlemen connected with the neighbourhood, and every
means taken to render them due and adequate as-
sistance, so as to enable them to meet the emergency,
and successfully to encounter these difficulties ; but if,
on the other hand, they have had the power of culti-
vating the soil, and that they have been holding back
from a di.sire to assume an appearance of distress, not
warranted by the facts, and to obtain a portion of the
funds granted for the relief of others of a totally
different class—or to evade the first claims of their
landlords—or from any other improper motives, they
should be punished to the utmost degree—they can-
not be proper persons to remain in possession of the
lands, and should be got rid of as speedily as possible.
We trust that the Irish landed proprietors will at once
turn their most serious attention to this matter of pa-
ramount importance. They are fully warned, and if
they neglect their own interests, and that of their
country, which they are specially called on to pro-
tect, they cannot expect any sympathy for the future
sufferings they will be compelled to undergo, and
which will be entirely occasioned by their own in-
sane and criminal negligence.

The Augsburg Gazette has the following in a
letter from Rome of the 24th ult. :

" I learn from an authentic source that, by order of
the Sovereign Pontiff, the criminal tribunals are to be
separated from the police tribunals, and that the former
will be exclusively composed of juris-consults belonging
to the civil order. These judges will be appointed for
life, and will receive a salary, wishing by this means to
render them independent and inaccessible to corruption.
There will be attached to each court a functionary to
defend the interests of the State. The police courts
will henceforward have no authority but over trivial
offences."

The Voss Gazette gives the following from Bres-
lau, 29th ult. :

" The ultra-Danish party has mado the following pro-
positions to the King:—
"' I. To arrest the Duke d'Augustenburg.
" ' 2. To cause all the functionaries in the deputies to
take an oath to maintain the letters patent, and to dis-
miss those who refuse.

'• 3. To establish at Copenhagen a central Regency
for the Duchies.'

" The Ambassadors of the two leading German powers
at Copenhagen were informed of these intentions, and
made them known to their respective Courts."

Madrid papers of the 30th ult. have been received.

Prom the Clamor Publico we extract the following
account of what it justly denominates "a scandalous
outrage," viz., the arrest, by order of the Govern-
ment, at Lozoguela, of Senor OLOZAGA :
"SCANDALOUS OUTRAGE.—We have just learnt, with
the greatest surprise and indignation that Senor D.
Sebastiana Olozaga, in returning to this court with his
passport in due order, and the official. report of his elec-
tion, in order to take his seat in the Congress, was made
prisoner yesterday by a party of civic guards in the
village of Lozoguela, 11 leagues from Madrid.
" This attack on the personal security of a citizen, of
a deputy elect, constitutes a grave responsibility on the
Ministry, if, as is supposed, the order for the arrest of
Senor Olozaga- proceeds from it."
It is said OLOZAGA has been sent to the citadel of
Pampeluna, where he is to be detained under arrest,
and that the Spanish Consul at Bayonne, who signed
his passport, has been dismissed. It was reported
that CABRERA had appeared in Catalonia at the head
of 1,000 men.
The Gaceta contains the royal ordonnance appoint-
ing the Marquis of VILLUMA President of the: Senate.
Intelligence of the defeat of lionfruta had been re-
ceived at Madrid.

MADRID Bome, DEC. 30.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 33i for cash; the Five per Cents. at 204 ;
the Passives, at 6 5-16; the Coupons at 19.

papers of Tuesday.
TheW e havee ostreceived
ituto n
ei the
hae Paris
a long article on the con-
troversy now raging between the Debats and the
Presse on the subject of the
n
English alliance. The
Constitutionnel treats both these journals as organs of
the Government (although the Debats does not admit
that the Presse is a Government organ), and then,
contrasting their opinions, argues that there must
exist great difference of opinion among the members
of the Cabinet, and that the Government of M.
GUIZOT is anything but an united Government. The
following are the opinions expressed by the Constitu•
tionnel on the subject of the alliance between France
and England :
" What is in our opinion clear from all this polemic is,
that the alliance between France and . England was
essentially one of principle; a defence in common of
the liberty of weak nations, and the maintenance in
common of European independence. If the efforts of the
two nations had been turned to this side, the alliance
would have produced for both glorious and useful fruits.
But daring six years our Government, timid, retrograde,
and desirous to pass for Conservative, annoyed by every
liberal idea, by every remembrance of the revolution,
desired to base the entente cordiale on the friendship of
Sovereigns and the interests of Cabinets. We have
blamed the results of this policy'. At present this alli-
ance, which was not rendered productive for liberty, has
been destroyed for a mere family interest. The alliance
of the two constitutional nations, though more apparent
than real, rendered, however, the enemies of liberty in
Europe prudent and circumspect. At any moment the
alliance could resume its veritable character and strength.
But once the last bonds were severed, the absolutist
spiritr knew no bounds, and Cracow received the blow."
ihe opinions of the Constitutionnel on this subject
are more sound than those of any of its contempo-
raries.

However much M. GuizoT may be inclined to
admit the truth of the doctrines of free trade in the
aapbpstlircaactti,ohn o
ehfasthne Northernot. yet mustered
itsteraeidiwuapy courage suffi-
cient to defy the protectionists, and has refused the
Company
permtihsesiosxle says--
nietoismport foreign iron rails.
jectthis
" The Ministry, yielding to the powerful influence of
I the iron-masters, has rejected the application made by
the Northern Railway Company. The Ministry state
that there is no necessity for the company to apply to
foreign countries, that it is able to procure in France the
twenty to twenty-five tons of rails of which it has imme-
diate need, and that the only question is the price. This,
however, in such a case appears to us to be a question of
importance. The company would pay in England for
rails 2401. per ton, whereas the three or lour iron-
masters in France who have joined in making a proposi •
Lion to supply the rails ask. 3701. delivered at their
establishments, which is equal to 400 f. when on the
spot where they are to be laid. Now upon 25 tons of
rails this is a difference of 3,250,0001., an exorbitant
price—an odious tribute to monopoly imposed upon the
sdareholders of the company. We have already said that
the iron-masters, overwhelmed as they are with orders,
could not supply the 25 tons of rails. In fact, the estab-
lishments which have offered to deliver them at the
price perttooniurhchavasee notit in
the
Belgium.iron o n
Theyhand,
willan
hemsd
w
thus make a breach t
------e•Yeg 0110 branchbranchof the ipn
ill
be o f
compelled 3 70f.