The Sun.
London, England, 1823-07-24 00:00:00

them;

Yesterday afternoon his Royal Highness the
Duke of Angouleme reviewed all the troops of
the garrison, French and Spanish. The fine
order of this corps has obtained the admiration
even of those individuals known for their consti-
tutional opinions. They will be the first to admit
tiat the tyrants of Cadiz are without hope.
Abriel, • Chief of a Constitutional corps, after
being routed by the Portuguese cavalry, has
fallen into the hands of the brave Merino. He
bas been sent, with his brother, prisoner to Ser.,
govia.

All the ,roads in the kingdom of Grenada are
covered, with deserters from the ci-devant army
of Ballasteros. These unfortunate beings, with-
out food or clothing, inquire after the places oc-
cupied by French troops, for the purpose of en-
roiling themselves under the colours of the King.
Ballasteros, with the feeble remains of his
army, is wandering among the mountains. It is
thought -that he is near Las Penes de San Pedro.
The Royalist Chiefs are in pursuit of him.

from the courier Frangais.l

Since the ..spirit which animates the Spanish population has
become appreciated, the political question has become singu-
larly simplified .e and the armed intervention • has at least had•
this advantage, that instead of the doubt possessed by the most
powerful mind lass than three months ago, absolute certainty
.has taken place. It is now a fact proved to the conviction of
the most casual observer,
,that the Spanish . people is divided
into three very distinct classes. One is composed of the igno-
rant, inert mass, incapable of arming .for •er against liberty,
which it cares not for, because it knows it not ; the other,' en-
clightened,
active, consequently powerful, capable ofeindertak-1
ing any.thing to preserve the enjoyment of a good, the more
epreciona as it has cost so much; and finally, the third party,
:lost amidst the two others.:-41 minority composed of the parti-
sans' of absolute power, and even now almost imperceptible, in
:spite of the support it finds in the invading army. This is not
• one of those vague uncertain views, orhypathetical data, that
might have.bdcn funned previous to the war; it is a positive
fact-.a state of things certain and incontrovertible. In 11112 a
..cionstitution saves the people and excites universal enthusiasm,
because it was then put forward as the auxiliary of national
in-
..dependc feeling known to and well understood even
by the least enlightened nations. In.lll2o.this very Constitution
ie receivedagain, though with less ardour, because it was only
etfered as a guarantee of political liberty—an idea more meta-
physical than the former, and which cannot be well understood
or appreciated but in a higher state of social existence. Ilow.
ever, if the. enthusiasm of 1820 was less lively than in 1812, the
,Constitution found nnobstacles in its progress • scarcely had it
appeared at thee remotest corner of Spain,' than,' like electric
lire, the popular movement spread from city to city,,and was
eiZtpressed upon the mass by all that was respectable through-
out Spain,.by knowledge, patriotism, and generous sentiments.
If the lower classes did not possess this enthusiasm, at any rate
they siiewed none for their old it:stint iionr, or for absolute power;
and proved by this conduct, that if they were not yet convinced
-uf, the benefits to be derived from liberty, they were certain at
least • that the ancient regime was not a benefit. The great
Powers stun recalled their Ambassadors, France displayed
an army of 180,000 men, end attacked Spain, with money
and arms; but these hostile movements have made no change
. in the moral.. Situation of the Peninsula. We still find, as in
.10911, an ignorant and immoveable mass, little disposed to corn-
..bat an imposing forme or to defend at the risk of their lives a
.liberty they know not ; but equally immoveable in favour;of
alisclute poWer, which they well-know. We find sonic men,
who of themselves would never have poeSessed consideration or
importance, range theinselves under foreign colours, for rae
-tions, pay, and places ; in a word, for their private interests,
rather than fur the defence of a political principle. Finally,
the greater part of the friends- of the Constitution have re-
mined faithful to it, and have sbewri themselves disposed to
make every sacrifice in its defence. The system of absolute
poWer had fallen amidst its own power, and no one had risen
• to support it: the Constitution finds soldiers, fortified places,
.and a government to defend it against a powerful army, and the
discontent of cabinets. In this state of things, it is evident.
that whatever the success be, the invading army can establish
nothing but what is provisional and momentary ; the grand
,question, till it be decided in a national sense, will remain un-
decided between the indifferent mass of the nation, the men
of the Constitution and the men of the Faith; but there are
no chances for absolute power; they are all in favour of the
Constitution ; and lastly, the only point to settle is, whether
.Spain will owe its liberty to the hing or to the people, a ques-
tion which seems to us perfectly useless, since it has been de-
cided by facts long ago. It is known to the world that the
crown would not abandon any particle of its absolute power,
and that henceforward no concession on its part can be volun-
tary. All the liberty which the Spanish tipple may derive
from their revolution, will be a benefit for which they are prin-
cipally indebted to themselves; and whatever be the form un-
der which they may enjoy it, the honour must be attributed to ,
their expressed will of being free. No mistake can arise on
this paint—all, that will remain of Spanish liberty will he, in

the eyes of posterity, the work of the Cortes of 1812, and the
date of this liberty is eternally engraved on the first stone of
the Constitution at Cadiz.

[From the Conatitutionnel.]
[PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.]

PERPIGNAN, JULY 13.—The small fort of Cardona has
• capitulated. The. fortress is important because it commands
the whole district in which the Salt Mountain is situated, from
which the whole of Catalonia is supplied. The Baron
d'Eroles, whilst keeping -up the blockade, had his head-quar.
ters at Berge.
BAYONSE, JULY 14.—The 20th Regiment of Light In-
fantry, consisting of 47 Officers, and 943 Sub-Officers and
soldiers, arrived here to-day, and is to be immediately review-
ed by Marshal Lauriston. The Police of Mont de Merman
had sent in great haste very unfavourable reports respecting
the spirit of this regiment.
It appears that in the night of the 10th and 11th July, some
bad characters had seduced several soldiers belonging to the
ambulatory-companies of the brigade of mules, and they went
together through the streets singing seditious songs. The 20th
regiment, which was on its passage to Mont de Marsan, was
charged with these disorders. Tne Marshal having received
this first report, inforded the Minister of War by a telegraphic
dispatch,and sent orders to the 20th light to stop at Saint Vin-
cent, at the same time sending an aid-de-camp to obtain cor-
rect information. The aid-de-camp returned .here to-clay with
information which fully cleared the 20th light, and in conse-
quence the Marshal sent orders to it to continue its route, and
addressed a new dispatch to the Minister of War. It is
believed that the Marshal, on reviewing this regiment, will
harangue them for the purpose of doing away the accusations
made against them.
• Luoo, JULY is reported that Zayas has taken the
command of the 4th army in the room of Morillo. It is not
known what has become of the latter. _ _ _

The reports in circulation of a serious action at the bridge
of Suazo, in front of the Isle of Leon, seem. to be confirmed,
but the result is not stated.

The new Intendant of Police of Zamora has, it is said, 'been
maltreated by the people there in the most violent manner.
PARIS, jULT The Ministerial ;Journals are much em-
barrassed by the disgrace of the Duke de Liancourt. There is
something so atrocious in insulting an old man, possessed of
every virtue, that they are reduced to miserable sophisms.—
Certain persons deprived of the logic of abuse, become in.
sipid. ' Yesterday there was a long catalogue of all the services
which the Larochefoucaults have. rendered to the Monarchy,
and of the number of them who fell victims to the revolution..
Is this the only reason that can be given fbr the sextuple dis-
missal of the head of this ancient family ?
The Committee of Vaccination introduced into France by the
Noble Duke has assembled at the School of Medicine. 'rims
in depriving M. de barochefoucault of his Presidency was
there something still forgotten. It is well that the Peerage can-
not be taken away. '
It is not a little remarkable, that whilst the towns of Ger-
many are giving brilliant fetes to celebrate the discovery of
printing, and dispute the honour of giving birth to its inventor,
as the cities of Greece disputed the glory of having given birth
to Homer; the descendant in a direct line of the individual to
whom France owes'tbis invaluable benefit, has been deprived of
his brevet, because he was condemned in a fine of 50 francs.
The tribunal which pronounced this slight punishment did not
probably dream' that it would draw down upon him the loss of,
his business, and the ruin of his family.
This contrast between Germany, which decorates with flow-
ers the cradle of printing, and France, which covers it with
mourning, is not one of the least remarkable circumstances of
the times in which we live.

The following, according to the correspondent of the Ruche
d'Aquitalne, is what was thought at Madrid of the proclatna-
tion of ltlorlo of the Ist July :—" In my opinion, this paper
proves that the Constitutional General proposes to describe a
politico-military circle entirely new. Ilis system, like that
which the French call Bolcuk, is not either more noble or
more certain than the latter."

The German Journals state that the Prussian Government
proposes to 'proclaim a general amnesty in the course. of next
month for all persons under prosecution for political offences.

(EXTRACT OF A PRIVATE LETTER.)
M/SSOLONGI,MAY I6.—The Greeks continue to harrass the
Turks in Thessaly ; at the end of this month a Greek squadrtin
will disembark in the Gulf of Volos, a corps of troops on Mag.
nesia. These troops is to drive back upon Larissa, the Turks
encamped in that country, and then (spreading themselves
through the country) they will arm the inhabitants of Mounts
Pelion and Ossa.

In the west of the same province, Captain Stournaris, united
with Commandant %Avellas, a very enterprising young Sou-
liote, has defeated the Turks in two encounters, and taken
from them Chi.litri. These two Chiefs now menace Alezzovan.
Another action took place in the lower chains of the Olympus,
where the insurrection has also extended; the Turks were de-
feated, and repulsed upon the Peneus. They occupy no more
than the flat country in the north of Thessaly, and are sur.
rounded by an enemy who allows them no repose.
[PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.]
MAlrgxcr, duty 16.—The paper transmitted by 31. de
'Wangenheim to the Diet of Frankfort, in the name of the King
of Wurtemburg, respecting the affliir of the German Observer,
is a new proof of the wisdom and intelligence of the NVurtem-
berti Government. The King admits, that having acceded to
the tesolutions of the Congress of Carlsbad in 1019, he is coni-
pelled by them to cause to be executed the Decree of the Diet,
which is a conseq,uence of them, but he thinks it his duty to
declare, that in acceding to those measures, he is very far from
participating in the apprehensions of the Diet, and that whilst
he does every thing to dissipate them, he believes them at the
same time to be altogether illusory.
It is seen with pleasure that the King of Wurtemburg has
thus expressed himself in the same manner as the most sensible
men of his country. We do not always find such sound sense
and love of truth in official dispatches. The fact is, that the
Liberty of the Press, which is more respected in Wurtemberg
titan in any other part of Gerthany, has hitherto produced effects
very different front those'which are elsewhere attributed to it,
for notwithstanding the minute researches of the Tribunal of
Political Inquisition of Mayence, no Wurtemberger has yet
been included in the list of accused, anti notwithstanding. all
the fury of prosecutions directed against the German Uuntver-
sities, the University of Tubing= has always been exempted
from all reproach.
P. S. New prosecutions have been directed against several
Universities, amongst which that of .lens is
.particularly named.
The Pruritic: Constitutionnelles a very innocent periodical
work., has been suppressed, merely, it is said, on account of its
title.

( From the Courier Francais.)
[PRIVATE CORIMPONDENCE.I
BAYONNE, JULY 16.—T0 judge from the continual pas-
sage of troops proceeding into Spain, and by the new prepare.
Lions making to organize an army of reserve under the orders
of Marshal Lewiston, the war in the Peninsula does not yet
nearly approach its termination. This 'conjecture is supported
by the intelligence received tl•om different quarters of Spain.
Nothing but the resistance of the Spaniards has yet been con.
quered, but their patience and their obstinacy will be still more
difficult to let alone or to overcome. For several days it was
given out that St. Sebastian would open its gates, and that Pam.
peluna would no longer hold out. But all the persuasive at-
tempts made upon the Commandants of these fortresses have
failed, and it appears now to be well understood that they will
hold out to the last extremity.
The blockade of Cadiz presents also obstacles much greater
than those which were calculated upon. The Cortes, it is true,
and the Constitutional Government, have neglected to provi.
sion the place, in the persuasion that the French would not
penetrate into Andalusia, but the Spanish Generals seem to
have shaped their mode of defence with reference to the want
of foresight of the Ministry, and the bold undertaking of the
French. Instead of throwing themselves into the place to
defend the ramparts, they have spread their troops through
Andalusia, in order to harms the two French divisions which
occupy the country. 'They hope also to compel the raising
of the blockade, or at least to facilitate the means of con-
veying 'provisions Into Cadiz. With this view Ballasteros,
after having reinforced the garrison of Alicrant, and se-
cured some positions In Murcia, has marched upon Gre-
nada ; and Villa Camps, after having. formed his junction
with the troops of Casteldorlus, •occumea Ronde, and proposes
to act in concert with Ballasteres. In another quarter, Zayas,
and some other chiefs, sour the country with detachments ;
which, without attacking the French columns, hang upon and
disturb all the movements of our troops. The constitutionalists
hope by these measures to gain time, which appears to be their
chiefobject ; especially on account of the season, and which
wilt render it necessary for the Prince Generalissimo to send
numerous reinforcements to the two divisions now advancing
towards Cadia. This conjecture appears the better founded,
as already General Latour Foissac has been sent front the
head-quarters. at Madrid, to la Carolina, in order to secure
all the roads of the Sierra Morena ; and serve, in case of need,
as a corps de reserve to the divisions of Generals Bourmont
and Bourdesoult.

Whilst our troops are great part of them occupied with the
blockade of several fortresses, the Guerillas and the Partisan
Chiefs use all their efforts to disturb our con►munications—
They are beaten in almost every rencounter, even when their
numbers are much superior ; but defeats do not check them.
Notwithstanding the party spirit amongst them they are strong-
ly excited by the hopes of plunder. A considerable convoy of
money was lately attacked near Tembleque and had nearly
fallen into their hands. The escort which accompanied it re.

tired with the convoy upon Toledo; the escort consisted, in
part, of Swiss soldiers,

The affairs of °facia appear to be much embroiled. The
recitals which have reached us from that province are so con-
tradictory that it is. difficult to discover the truth. It appears
certain, however, that Morino has not been followed by any
more individuals than l'A bisbal, and that all those who placed
confidence in him have joined the standard of Quiroga. The
latter General, who appears to be in concert with Sir Robert
Wilson, does not, it is stated, limit himself to remaining on the
defensive at,Ferrol and Corunna.

Pains, JULY 21.—The 'private correspondence in the Me.
morial Bordelais, dated Madrid, July 11, contains, among
other details, the following :
" General Quesada has depicted to the Regency in a melan-
choly manner, but with much truth, the state of the division
which he commands. The destitution of his soldiers, who have
been hitherto eNposed to all sorts of privations, imperiously
call, for that prompt aid which the sincere friends of the King
will doubtless hasten to afford."

[FROM THE BAYONNE PAPERS.]
BAYONNE, JULY 15.—1 t now appears certain that the sieges
of St. Sebastian, ,Pampeluna, and Santona, are going to be be-
gun seriously, and without delay. For this purpose the materiel
of the great park of artillery at Toulouse arrived here the
day before yesterday, under the care of a Captain of Artillery;
yet it should seem to be of little use to undertake these sieges,
if the war is nearly terminated, as many affirm ; and if a re-
solution has really at length been taken to push them with
vigour, we may be allowed to conjecture, that the probabi-
lity of a longer duration of hostilities renders it expedient to
have a strong line of operations behind the Ebro, which can-
not be done without the possession of the above-mentioned for-
tressess. For the same reason depots of grain, &c. are form-
ing for instance at St. Jean de Luz, to which place 12,000
sacks of flour are now going. It seems that the siege of
Cadiz will be prosecuted with great vigotir at the same time,
this being now, in fact, one of the chief objects of the war, as
the King, whom we wish to deliver, is in that place. Merchant
vessels are freighting here on high terms, to convey the im-
mense quantities of ammunition and military stores which will
be required, and which are to be landed at Port St. Mary.
The 20th Regiment of Light Infantry arrived here yesterday.
Marshal Istittriston, When he reviewed it, thought it necessary
to harangue it. The substance of his speech was, that there
had been some hesitation about permitting this Regiment to
take the field ; hut in consequence of its new disposition, this
severity had been relaxed; that the regiment was going to pass
the Bidassoa and take the field, under the command of a Bour-
bon, to place a Prince of the same family on the Throne. The
Marsharconcluded by saying, that the Regiment would render
itself worthy of the favour that was granted it.—Cries of " Vive
le Roi !" followed.

It is positively announced, that the DucheSs of Angouleme
will honour us with another visit on the 29th.of this month.

Our news from Madrid of the 11th says, that the Regency
still proceeded in its operations, and' was restoring to office all
those who have been discharged since the installation of the
Constitutional Government. They are also busy in the organi-
zation of troo, which will be formed by battalions. It is
affirmed that the Captains General of the provinces will not be
permitted to raise'inore than one battalion of 1000 men. Ac-
counts from Grenada of the 30th.say that Ballasteros was ex-
pected there the same day ; the chief of his Staff arrived there
the day before, and great movements are expected in that pro-
vince, where ie Constitutional General-in-Chief has assembled
'part of his forces.

On the 11th a strong column of troops, with six pieces of
cannon, marched from lqadrid. It was not known whether
they went towards Toledo when they might succour the Swiss
of the Itoyal Guard, who, it is said, have been attacked near
Ternpleryne, and forced to retire towards Toledo, losing part of
the convoy, with money which they were conveying to Ando.lit-
sia. Colonel Astor, with a corps of Constitutional troops, has
entered Caceres, and levied a large contribution; and seve.
ral Alonkx and Prietts have been arrested who have been guilty
towards the Constitutionalists. The Authorities appointed by
the Regency retired.
They write from Logrono that the Eiripecinado has entered
Soria where he has levied a large contribution to punish the
inhabitants for the eagerness with which they received the
French and the 'Royalists. Many of the soldiers of the 20th
Regiment that arrived yesterday (they say 66) deserted last
night..