The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-25 00:00:00

CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN

THE EAST INDIES.
In our last, we published the memorial of the Hull. Cham-
ber of Commerce on this important subject, to the Court of
Directors of the East India Company, and to the Board of
Control for the affairs of India. To it, the following satisfac-
tory reply has been received from Sir John Hobhouse, Bart-,
the chairman of the latter department
"India Board, 19th January, 1847.
" Sir,—l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter, dated the 13th instant, transmitting for my in-
formation, copy of a memorial, addressed by the Chamber
of Commerce of Hull to the Court of Directors of the
East India Company, on the subject of cotton cultivation in
India.

"In the year 1840, this important subject engaged the
earnest attention of the Court of Directors and this Board,
and arrangements were then made for testing, on a large
scale, the capabilities of India to produce increased supplies
of cotton, adapted for the home market ; and as several of
the experiments then introduced are still in progress, you
may rest assured that my best considerations will continue
to be given to every practical measure having for its object
the improvement and increased supply of an article so es-
sential to the welfare both of India and the United Kingdom.
" I have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient servant,
"JOHN HOBHOUSE.
" Thomas Thompson, Esq., &c., &c., Hull."
—Hull Advertiser.

HERRING TRADE---CONTI-
NENTAL MARKETS.
The Commissioners of Supply for the county of Banff have
transmitted a memorial to Government, to obtain the admis-
sion of British cured herrings into the continental markets
on the same terms as those cured in Holland, &c. A more
extensive field for our herring trade is much required abroad,
and if such an outlet be not secured for this important branch
of our native industry, many thousands of our population
will be thrown out of employment. In Banffshire alone 800
boats and about 8,000 persons are employed in the several
departments of the herring trade. Some of the circum-
stances stated by the memorialists are interesting :—" In
1810, the total cure of herrings was ninety thousand, it now
exceeds six hundred thousand barrels, on an average, yearly.
The failure in the potato crop, for the last two years, has ex-
ercised a most depressing influence on the price of herrings
in the home markets, causing a very great diminution in
their consumption ; so much so, that it is consistent with
the knowledge of your memorialists, that a great quantity of
crown branded full herrings, the produce of this season's
catch, remains on hand at the present time in the Irish mar-
kets, unsaleable at a proportionate rate to the value of other
provisions, or, where forced off, not yielding over 9s. per bar-
rel—not half the actual cost of the barrel of cured fish as it
leaves the curer's hands—a sacrifice of property ruinous to
those embarked in the trade ; and, with a recurrence of the
potato failure, your memorialists are fully aware that a most
material decline in this branch of our native industry must,
in consequence, ensue—save an increased demand can be
created abroad for the cured fish. Looking to the continent
of Europe, your memorialists find, that Prussia and the Ger-
man States are, in a manner, the only countries open for the
import of British cured herrings at moderate duties (Prussia,
35.); Russia, whose population is very fond of salted her-
rings, and on which we have strong claims for reciprocity in
trade, would consume enormously, were our herrings admis-
sible on a parity of duty with those of Norway, on which it
amounts to Is. 2d. per barrel, whilst the rate leviable on Bri-
tish cured amounts to 4s. and 4s. 6d. per barrel, according
to the rate of exchange. Your memorialists cannot omit
stating that, in consequence of this differential duty, not
more than two thousand to three thousand barrels British
cured herrings find their way into the Russian markets, being
at the same time, well assured that our fine and carefully-
cured herrings, in comparison with the coarse winter her-
rings of Norway, would, at an equal, or more moderate duty,
and unlimited consumption amongst the population of the
vast empire in question. It is also in the knowledge of your
memorialists, that, were the present duty of 16f. exigible on
British cured herrings, on importation into Belgium, reduced
to that leviable on the cure of the Dutch, viz., sf. per barrel,
the country in question would annually draw large supplies
of the article from the Scotch ports ; whereas, under the
existing differential duty, the Dutch fish-curers have a mono-
poly of the important fish market under notice."—The mer-
chants, fisbcurers, and others interested in the trade and
fisheries of Orkney, have also memorialised the Government
to the same purpose. They set forth, amongst other disad-
vantages suffered by the enterprise of Orkney, that whereas
the Norwegians have plenty of the best wood ter the con-
struction of herring-boats, at a cost little more than the price
of cutting the trees, Orkney does not produce timber. The
cost of constructing vessels is, of course, enhanced by the duty
on foreign timber. Farther, all the articles of foreign pro-
duce consumed by the Norwegian fishermen are imported at
very low rates, while the same articles for British fishermen
(such as tea) are heavily burdened. The Orkney memorialists
state that the best market for cod is Spain, and that within
these few years a direct trade to a considerable extent had
been opened in that most important branch of the fisheries ;
but that the trade has been greatlydirectly
imported restricted
nia
n aß r
bySpanish
tni
British
eb importvotetsosmei
dloule.s,pveirhticohn
;arien,dwirhecetnlyd,irle2cltly 7
6/. 10s. ; indirectly, 81. 13s. These dues are
consideredp exces-,
sive ; while herrings, by the Spanish laws, are, if British
mcuermedo,riaalltisotgsestihwewr
tehxeclnuodretdh.ernAfisshainngus orster.bvefoorf
is mealouretna,ncthee.
for, in the last war, Orkney and Shetland furnishecrupwar
upwards
of 5,000 effective seamen for the fleet. —lnverness Courier.

HOW TO MARE A HOME.—In your workshops, in
your clubs, in your institutes, obtain signatures to your
petitions: get every labourer, every artisan, every trades-
man whom you can influence, to sign petitions. Other things
must also be done before your condition can be rendered
prosperous ; but this must precede every real improvement ;
the sources of the poison that infects the atmosphere you
breathe must be dried up before you can be healthy, and
uncleanliness must be removed from the exterior of your
dwellings before you can find or make a Home.—Dr. South-
wood Smith's Address to the IVorking Classes on their Duty in
the present state of the Sanatory Qnestion.
THE LAMBING SEASON.--The lambing season
having commenced, we hear of several births upon venous
farms in the'distriet, Mr. Graham, of Blackwell-wood, Mr.
R. Ferguson; of Harker, and Mr. Thomas Dockray, of Green
Quarries, are among the earliest who have had an accession
of lambs to their flocks. Mr. Graham, of Blackwell-wood,
has a ewe which dropped a fine lamb on the 18th instant.
The offspring of the same ewe has graced the sheriff's table
at the spring assize,' for the last three years successively,—
Carlisle Journal.

HUNTING TERMS.
The tail of the deer is called the single • of the fox, the
brush ;of the wolf and dog, the stern ; and the hare and
rabbit, the stent.
The feet of the fox are called pads; the face, the mask of
front ; but in the deer it is the snout or nose.
Of pointers, setters), spaniels, greyhounds, and terriers, two
are called a brace, and three a leash ; of hounds, heaglet
&c., two are called a couple, three, a harle, or a couple-an
half • of spaniels and terriers, more than two brace of differs
_
ent 'kinds are called a rough muster; several brace of
spaniels are called a pack. In some counties it is common
to say a couple of spaniels.
In true sporting phraseology it is a kennel of foxhounds's
pack being thought more appropriate to harriers, but Mel
crack sportsmen are nevertheless heard to talk of a pack 0
foxhounds, in common parlance. •
When hounds, in drawing for their game, bit the et
the reverse way, they are said to draw amiss. But when the
game is up, and the hounds scent it in the opposite direqe en'
they then run to the heel, or run to counter. Wie are
take a fresh scent, they hunt change ; and when 'eYbot
seen traversing the same ground over and over, they .d
foil. When they run without any cry, they run mute; n".
if they chase other game than that for which they are en
a c
tered, or are otherwise disobedient to the huntsman, theY '
said to run riot. or
Hunted animals frequently take the water. A. still;
other deer doing so are said to take soil, an otter beats tb f
e
stream, all other animals are said to take water. When a ti
takes to ground, if it be to a regular fox earth, he is said to
run to earth ; but when he descends into a slough or dran:
he has then run to ground. Drag up to a fox, walk uP
dor, or draw on the slot. Quest or trail the hare, find or an'
kennel a fox, unharbour a deer, start the hare from the fOll3l
or seat. The hare is pricked by the foot ; the fox is balled 0r
padded. A fox and a hare run up and down a cover; a deer
beats the cover. A fox is said to be headed when he is turned
back, a deer is blanched, and a hare making a return double
The hare squats, the fox lies down ; a fox is ree,overed, end*
deer is fresh found. The death of the stag is the breaking
or the take; that of the fox is to be worried; and "I
whoop is the death cry of both fox and hare.
Tally-ho back when the fox heads back ;if the hounds
come out it is hark back. A sharp burst is the first run whet
very quick. If the scent is so good that the hounds run al-
most mute it Is called a burning scent, but the hounds thre^,
up or stop for want of scent, or because they' bay
overrun it, then it is a check. If, on the contrary, the
„,.
scent is so good that they have no need to stoop re
it, they are said to run breast high. In drawing tht.
cover, the first hound which throws its tongue i 3 stud
challenge. The fox, when killed as soon as found, or in covel;
is said to be chopped. Hounds thrown into cover are
be drawing it. The scent left by the fox on his return to el
kennel is called the drag; when rather fresher than a drag
is a moving scent When the scent of the fox extends it,'"",
so that a majority of the hounds feel it, and crowd tegeWe
to pursue it, they are said to carry a good head ; when rta
reverse of ithis is the case, and the dogs do not atternP.m'
rush to the head, they dwell on the scent; when it is e 0 IT-4
as scarcely to be perceptible, they cannot feel the scent-
fox is said to run his foil when he retraces the ground he P.,t
been over. Hounds, when they have recovered a lot ect,
are said to have hit it off, and one signalising himself on
occasion has made a good hit. When hounds are pressedaenii
wards by too zealous riders, the huntsman's rate, a '''ol
hard" is the check to the hurtful impetuosity ; Hold also
on" is the reverse, and is a direction to the hunter"? if
make to the head, and try to recover the sinking ocen"rtbe
the impetuosity of the riders shauld occasion the death 01_,,a
fox unfairly, he is said to be headed to death. The go7d
hound that abides by the scent only and will not go 51.9 kt
beyond it, is called a line hunter. When hounds are
mettled in their hunting they are said not to stoop.
scent scent ; but when in one line, they go at the top of their ePei7l
they are then said to be streaming away. some doge a
said to be tight in their tongues, i. e. they run mute' his
nearly so. The good hound, on the contrary, throweoe,
tongue freely; but a too noisy hound is called a bib
and should be drafted. A hound that has a habit of ruEll/100
wide of the pack is called a skirter. Full cry is wheel,beit
joyous pack acknowledge the scent by throwing ia(l
tongues freely. When hounds are running with the ".
behind them they are running down wind.
s" ta
Bounds and greyhounds, when tired, are said
overhaled ; pointers, setters, spaniels, terriers, &c.,,;id"

INSOLVENT DEBTORS.
(From Friday night's Gazette.)
SUMMER CIRCUITS, 1847.
SOUTHERN CIRCUIT.
Henry Revel Reynolds, Esq., Chief Commissioner.
Berkshire—At Reading, Tuesday, June 22.
Oxfordshire—At Oxford, Thursday, June 24.
Worcestershire—At Worcester, Saturday, June 26.
Radnorshire—At Presteigne, Tuesday, June 29.
Herefordshire—At Hereford, Wednesday, June 30.
Brecknockshire—At Brecon, Friday, July 2.
Carmarthenshire—At Carmarthen, Monday, July 5.
Cardiganshire—At Cardigan, Wednesday, July 7.
Pembrokeshire—At Haverfordwest, Thursday, July •
8
Glamorganshire—At Swansea, Monday, July 12.
Glatnorganshire—At Cardiff, Tuesday, July 13.
Monmouthshire—At Monmouth, Thursday, July 15.
Gloucestershire—At Gloucester, Saturday, July U.
_Aar
At the City and County of the City of Bristol, 'l4i"
July 20.
Somersetshire—At Bath, Thursday, July 22.
Somersetshire—At Taunton, Friday, July 23.
Cornwall—At Bodmin, Tuesday, July 27.
Devonshire—At Plymouth, Wednesday, July 28. so,
Devonshire—At the Castle of Exeter, Friday. JigY,,,,a
At the City and County of the City of Exeter--os—
Dorchester, Monday, August 2-
Wiltshire—At Salisbury, Wednesday, AugustttliamptelV
At the Town and County of the Town Of ‘.".
Thursday, August 5,
Southampton—At Winchester, Friday, .August 6.

Nountartist CIRCUIT.
John Greathed Harris, Esq., commissioner.
Yorkshire—At Sheffield, Friday, June 18.
Yorkshire—At Wakefield, Monday, June 21. OA'
At the Town and County of the Town of Kingston-OiD
Hull, Friday, June 2.5.
Yorkshire—At the Castle of York, Monday, June 28.
Yorkshire—At Richmond, Thursday, July 1.
Durham—At Durham, Friday, July 2. dr
Northumberland—At the Moot Hall, Newcastle-upon-1„7-
Monday, July 5.
e'
Ihog
At the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-
Tyne—the same day.
Cumberland—At Carlisle, Wednesday, July 7.
Westmoreland—At Appleby, Friday, July 9.
Westmoreland—At Kendal, Saturday, July 10.
Lancashire—at Lancaster, Monday, July 12.
Lancashire—At Liverpool, Monday, July 19.
Montgomeryshire—At Welsh Pool, Thursday, July 22'
Merionethshire—At Dolgelly, Saturday, July 24.
Carnarvonshire—At Carnarven, Tuesday' July 27.
Anglesey—At Beautnaris, Wednesday, July 28.
Denbighshire--At Ruthin, Friday, July 30.
Flintshire—At Mold, Monday, August 2.
3t 3' • Cheshire—At the Castle of Chester, Tuesday, Augu,,,,„ oslo
At the City and County of the City of Chester--I°'
day.

MIDLAND CIRCUIT..
William John Law, Esq., ClYmmissioner.
Essex—At Chelmsford, Thursday, Jule e 24.
Essex—At Colchester, Friday, June 2'5.
Suffolk—At Ipswich, Monday, June .28.
03°'
Norfolk—At the Castle of Norwich, Wednesday, 6r!,,e sao
At the City and County of the City of Norwich--tm
day.
Norfolk—At Yarmouth, Thursday„ July 1.
Suffolk—At Bury St. Edmunds, Saturday, July 3•
Norfolk--At Lynn, Monday, July 5..
Northamptonshire--At Peterborough, Tuesday, July 7,
Huntingdonshire—At Huntingdw, Wednesday, July
Cambridgeshire—At Cambridge, Thursday, July 8., 10.
Northamptonshire—At Northampton, Saturday, Jo*? •
Rutlandshire—At Oakham, Monday, July 12.
Lincolnshire—At Lincoln, Tuesdiay, July 13.
Nottinghamshire—at Nottingha us, Thursday, July 15- 14
At the Town and County of the Town of Notting/lit"'
same day.
Derbyshire—At Derby, Saturday, July 17.
Leicestershire--At Leicester, Monday, July 19.
Staffordshire--At Stafford, Wednesday, J uly 21.
Shropshire—At Shrewsbury, Fri day, July wag'
At the City and County of the City of Lichfield....Pi"
July 24.
Shropshire—At Oldbury, Mond.sy, July 26.
Warwickshire---At Birmingham—the same day.
Warwickshire—At Warwick, T uesday, July 27.
Warwickshire—At Coventry, Wednesday, July 28.
Bedfordshire—At Bedford, Friday, July 30.
Buckinghamshire—At Aylesbury-, Saturday, July 31.
HOME cavolura.
Charles Phillips, Esq.., Commissioner.
Kent—At Dover, Thursday, July 8. gotta' At the City and County of the GIL), of Canterbury—
day, July 10.
Kent—At Maidstone, Tuesday, 13.
• Sussex—At Lewes, Friday, July 30.
Hertfordshire—At Hertford, Fridlay, August 6.

ALLEGED MURDER AT BARTON'
On Tuesday this case was again gone into before the gad
gistrates, and evidence had as to the intimacy which At
existed between Hewitt and the prisoner Mrs. Johnson' _no
the conclusion of the evidence Mr. Ambler proposed top,i'"or
previous attempts, on the part of the prisoner, to make_ebile
with the deceased, by administering laudanum to him,
they lived at Sale Moor. Mr. Foulkes considered thi,
monstrous proposition, and, after some little conversation, 11
evidence was not gone into, but, on the understanding °to
was to be brought forward at the trial, it was agreed 'tti
Mr. Ambler should furnish the prisoner's solicitor with.,
substance of such evidence. There were several witnh
attendance for examination upon this point. This heihg)fr•
case against the prisoner, Mr. Trafford, addressing or
Foulkes, the solicitor for the prisoner, said--I suppose;a3es.
the intimation 1 have given, you will not call any withilie.lt
I am bound to hear them, and any remarks you rna7,,,, ea
tit to make. I leave it to your own discretion. in his
think you will alter my opinion. Mr. Trafford intimanie,
intention to commit the prisoner on Tuesday week. to
Foulkes—After the intimation you were kind enoug",he
make to me, I think it is my duty not to obtrude upon the
Court any observations of mine upon this great ninSsdis.
evidence. Undoubtedly there was a time when I NO!
this
posed to enter into a commentary upon the whole of
evidence; but, since you have given me that intimatico, 'of
shall not attempt it. It appears to me certainly a ewe
very great mystery. Mr. Trafford—lt is one which ce,rtteth
requires further investigation. (To the prisoner)—Elizethet
Johnson, you are fully aware of the charge against yoti,
of administering poison to your husband, and thereby
ing his death. (Prisoner—l did not do it.) It is not for .";
to say whether that charge is sufficiently proved beforel.:or
beyond saying it is sufficiently proved to send you to a higve
tribunal, there to take your trial. The facts which haiii
been proved before me, uncontradicted as they now rem
00,0
certainly prove your conduct to have been that of a Noon,.
guilty of great impropriety ; but whether you have cod
witted the awful crime with which you are charged' to
thereby caused the death of your husband is known only et
Him who is above and to yourself, as far as aPPes..`"hee
present. It will be for a jury of your country to s,?'Y "ow
ther they believe you have been guilty or not. old for
stand committed to the next assizes to take your trl- son.
.I.ohl; the
the wilfu lmurder of your husband, William Henry
You may stand down. The prisoner, who maintinne" her
calm, collected demeanour which has characterised
throughout the whole of these proceedings, then Ica the
dock, without manifesting the slightest discomposure•
ro'se
remainder of the witnesses were then bound over to
cutest the assizes. The prisoner was conveyed to the hate
dale gaol' by the half-past two o'clock train.--Nanc
Guardian.

.--"'
TUE CONSEQUENCE OF NON•INTERFERE-NCE
ma
The returns of the past quarter prove that nothing.eiree" d
has been done to put a stop to the disease, sufferivg, ve.,
merits, chiefly of a showy,
death in which so many thousands perish ; that the nai prore
not reached the homes and habits of the people; and that
children,
the consequence is that thousands, not only a th
but of the men and women themselves, the do
superficial, outside character,
perish of
formerly so fatal, for the same reasons, in barracks, cATI3/-1
gaols, aria §hips..../?eport of the Registrar- Genoa, 15".

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