The Sun.
London, England, 1847-12-13 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY

EMIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA.

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An important meeting was held on Saturday, shortly
after two o'clock, at the residence of Mr. L. Boyd, N.
8, Waterloo-place, to devise the most efficient means of
promoting an extensive scheme of emigration to the
colony of New South Wales. "In consequence of the
great destitution now existing amongst a class of small
farmers and labourers in the north of Ireland and Scot-
land," according to the terms of the circular by which
the meeting: was convened, " the present moment was
considered a fitting opportunity to supply the want of
the Australian colonies, so far as' regards: labour, by
encouraging in every possible manner the emigration of
such persons."
The chair was taken by the Hon. F. Scott, M.P.
Amongst those present were—
Lord Farnham ; Colonel Matheson, M.P. ; Sir Ed-
ward M`Naghten, Bart., M.P. ; Sir Thomas Mitchell,
Surveyor-General of Australia ; Hon. James Hewitt,
M.P. ; Richard S. Bourke, Esq., M.P. ; John Boyd,
Esq., M.P. ; Sir William Verner, Bart., M.P. ; R.
Montgomery Martin, Esq. ; Sir Robert Ferguson, Bart.,
iI.P. ; Mark Boyd, Esq. ; Hananel De Castro, Esq. ;
John Connell, Esq. ; Lennox Boyd, Esq. ; Capt. Ha-
milton, R.N. ; Mark Mackenzie, Esq. ; John William
Sutherland, Esq. ; George Webster, Esq. ; Samuel
Browning, Esq. ; Adam Duff, Esq. ; D. Q. Henriques,
; J. Montefiore, Esq. ; Sprott Boyd, Esq. ; S. H.
Marsh, Esq. ; James Grant, Esq. ; F. Hale Thomson,
Esq, ; Charles Balfour, Esq. ; John Evans, Esq.
The CHAIRMAN briefly addressed the meeting. The
circumstances of this company were, he said, in such a
peculiar and anomalous state, and its relations with the
colonies so unlike those which should subsist between a
parent and its offspring, that he had deemed it necessary
to call the present meeting. Within the last fifteen
.nonths, according to a high authority, 13,000,000 of
quarters of wheat bad been brought into the country,
which had led to on outlay of not less than
33,000,000/. in addition to the expenditure of
5,000,000/. for the support of the destitute population.
Thus 50,000,0001. of money had, during the last ten
years, been expended in the support of that population,
a vast quantity of whom might have been provided for
elsewhere. Besides, 10,000,0001. had been voted by
Parliament for the support and employment of the desti-
tute in Ireland, and in the Highlands of Scotland; also
a million and a half for the poor in England, and some
parts of Scotland. Our foreign relations were such that
we were, to a considerable extent, dependent upon them
for food during any season of difficulty; but these coun-
tries did not take more of our produce than amounted to
sd. or 6d. a head on the population. Thousands
npon thousands of the people of the three
countries were famishing for want of employment
and food, whilst millions of acres of land in our vast colo-
nies were .famishing, wasting for the want of men.—
(Hear, hear.) What was the cause of this ? Simply.
the obstacles which they had to encounter from the Colo-
nial-office.—(Hear, hear.) We had too large an empire,
and too small a staff to manage it. During the last 20
years, out of one million and a half of emigrants, nine-
tenths, or 95 per cent., had found their way into North
and South America—not one-tenth had gone to other
colonies, and not one-tenth to the Australian
colonies. What was the consequence ? Canada
was getting too crowded, ships of emigrants had been
sent back from St. John's, provisions having been pro-
vided for them, and Canada would become ere long like
Ireland. During the last few months, whilst 3,000 or
4,000 had gone to America, not more than a few hun-
dreds had gone to Australia. He blamed the Colonial-
office for not grappling with great principles—(Hear,
hear)—for acting upon old principles whilst masses of
the people were famishing, and whilst there was plenty
of labour and food for them elsewhere, He understood
that the coloey had paid off the Government debt, and_
`that dearly- a—shundred thousand 'Pounds was aps
plicable, 'arising from the land already let,
for the promotion of emigration. He understood that
5,000 emigrants were about to leave the country next
year ; but the number might be doubled if the Govern—
ment adopted a proper course. He considered that a
person who had a little money, and who wished to emi-
grate, should be afforded the means of doing so, the
money being divided between himself, his parish, and
the colony ; because, as emigration was important to the
whole community, the country to be benefited, and the
eompany to be redeemed, should also be benefited.—
(Hear.) He called upon them not to separate without
coming to a resolution to promote the object of the
meeting in every way in their power.—(Hear.)
Mr. ARCHIBALD BOYD proposed thelfirst resolution:—.
" That the colony of Australia, from the salubrity of
its climate, the demand for labour that now exists,, and
is.likely. to increase, the abundance of food for the sup-
port Of the labourer, and its other advantages, both
social and physical, offers, in the opinion of this meeting,
an admirable outlet for emigration."
He said he had considerable experience in the Colony,
and perhaps was as intimately acquainted with its re-
sources as any man. He employed seventy shepherds,
and they generally received 251. a year—some as much
as 301., besides house, garden, 10Ibs. of fresh meat per
week, 101 b. of flour, 21b. sugar, and lb. of tea; and
where their wives and children could work
they received half pay and half rations.
So little was the demand for sheep and so
difficult was it to get persons to tend them, that',
vast numbers of them were melted into tallow. They
had even been compelled to get natives from the He-
brides, and upwards of 1,000 Polynesian savages per
month to tend their flocks ; they were compelled to em-
ploy heathens and savages, whilst their Christian
brethren here were dying of hunger. The land was
sufficient to afford stock for 3,000,000 sheep and
2,000,000 of cattle. Why they could feed half the po-
pulation of Ireland and Scotland. The Hon. Gentleman
entered into interesting details with respect to the
resources of the country. Flour was 71. or 81. per ton. The
Colonization Company were now sending out three ships
per month, and the cost of sending a peasant was 1/.; but
he need not tell them that the 100,0001. alluded to was but
as a drop of water in the bucket—not sufficient for the
wants of the colony and not sufficient for their exigen-
ei, s. He contended that the members of the north-east
of Ireland had strong claims upon the Government to
aid in a vastly increased scheme of emigration. The
colony now took from Si. to 71. per head for British
manufactures, showing how much greater that demand
would be if it was more thickly populated; it was calcu-
lated that the entire cost of each emigrant's transit
was 15/., which was covered in three years.. Whatever,
the Government adveaced the colony would advance an-
,.other half. 50,0001. was last year raised to relieve dis-
tress in Scotland, and. as it had not yet been expended,
he would suggest that it should be devoted to emigra-
tion from Scotland, as no doubt the colony would sub-
scribe the other half.—(Hear.)
Captain HAMILTON, R.N., seconded the motion, and
felt great pleasure in corroborating the statements of
Mr. Boyd.
Mr. MONTGOMERY MARTIN supported the resolution.
He said convicts were not now sent to New South
Wales. The convict population did not amount to more
than two and a half of the population. Out of a popu-
lation of 200,000 not more than 5,000 were con-
victs. Fifty ships were rotting in our dock-
yards.
(Hear, hear.) Why should they not
be launched again, manned by retired officers, who
would gladly come forward and be seamen for the pur-
pose of emigration. The service, he was sure, w ould
become a popular one.—(Hear.) Every minute in this
country a child was born, and so dense was the popula-
tion becoming that England with her vast resources
could not find them food.—(Hear.) A deputation
should wait upon Lord Grey to tell him firmly that the
time had come when emigration to this extensive colony
should be at once promoted. He was sure of this, that
nothing but the pressure of public opinion would in-
fluence the Colonial-office.—(Hear.) Our colonies were
more a home than a c ilonial question.—(Hear.)
_ _

Mr. J. MONTEFIORE said several of liis miners had
consented to go out to the colony, but he had been told
they could not be sent by the Commissioners, as
" miners" were not set down in their instructions.
He trusted the Chairman would do his best to remedy
this defect.

Lord FARNHAM proposed the next resolution:—
" That this meeting will do its utmost to urge upon
her Majesty's Government the propriety of giving pe-
cuniary assistance in aid of an emigration to the colony
on a large scale, being deeply impressed with the con •
viction that the relief that would thus be afforded to Ire-
land and Scotland, while it would secure a comfortable
provision for the emigrants themselves, could not fail to
lay the foundation of wealth and prosperity in an im-
portant part of her Majesty's dominions, the benefit of
which the mother country would ultimately reap."
He said the north-west of Ireland was the most un-
healthy part of the world, for fever had committed there
the most dreadful ravages. He was glad to find that
Lord Clarendon entertained favourable views on the
subject. He had gone to great expense to reduce the
crowded population of his neighbourhood by sending
them to Canada and other parts, and be had felt the
great advantage of what be had done. Too much was
expected of Irish landlords ; even when they did their
best they did not always succeed—they were not
omnipotent. They therefore required the aid of a well
devised scheme of emigration.—(Hear.) He should be
ashamed to say anything in defence of the south and
west of Ireland; but this he would say, that the proprie-
tors of the north-west would feel most happy to co-operate
with their brethren in the east to carry out the objects
for which the meeting had been called ; and he would
say further, instead of sending the colony their refuse
population, or the ready tools of the designing villain,
they would send as honest men, whether Protestant or
Roman Catholic, at were to be found in any other part
of the world.
Mr. Tour; BOYD, M.P., seconded the motion.
The next resolution was moved by Sir EDMUND MAC-.
NAGHTEN, M.P., seconded by Mr. R. S. BOURKE, M P.:
" That this meeting feel confident that the colony
itself will liberally contribute to any measure of pe-
cuniary aid which the Government of this country may
sanction."

The various resolutions were then adopted, and a vote
of thanks having been passed to the Chairman, the
meeting separated shortly before five o'clock.

MANCHESTER, FRIDALT.-.-The market here con-
tinues dull and flat; and, though, generally speaking,
spinners and manufacturers show no disposition to press
sales, we have heard of some sales, both of goods and
yarn, made at a reduction from rates previously current.
These sales, however, afford no criterion of the actual
condition of the market ; having been generally made
for cash under the pressure of stocks, at a time when,
owing to the season, there are few buyers in the market.
Most parties engaged in the trade look forward to tha
commencement of the new year, when they hope for e
gradual and steady increase of demand, and for prices,
which, if not actually remunerative, will, at least, pro-
tect them from loss.—Manchester Guurdian. _

BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, DEC. lo.—For refining
descriptions there is a good demand, but the supply
offering continues most indifferent, and quite inadequate
to the wants of the trade.—Bilstoilliercary:

POLICE INTELLIGENCE. 1'
MANSION-HOUSE.
THE FORGERY OF THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT
NOTES. —Leybe Aaronson, Jacob Friedeburg, Raphael
Kauffman, and So/omonMuscovitz, the personscharged
with having forged a vast number of Russian Bank
notes in this country, were brought up for further
examination.
Mr. Ballantine appeared as counsel for the Russian
Government, together with Mr. Peachey, the managing
clerk to Messrs. Oliverson and Co., of the Old Jewry,
for the prosecution. Two solicitors attended for
Aaronson Friedeburg, and Muscovita.
Mr. Ballantine said, it was his duty to propose
another remand of the prisoners, in consequence of
the non-arrival of the witness whom it was necessary
to produce to prove that the notes which were found
in the possession of the prisoners were forgeries upon
the Government of Russia, and that notes of the kind
they pretended to be were current in that country.
It would be recollected that the Russian authorities,
upon being applied to at the commencement of
the institution of these proceeedings for evi-
dence as to the fabricated instruments, sent over
a detailed statement and a genuine note, under the
impression that nothing further was necessary in the
courts of justice in England to prove the guilt of
the prisoners. The error rendered it necessary that
another message should be sent to Russia. That
was immediately done, but as the expected witness
had not yet arrived, it became incumbent upon those
charged with the duty of the prosecution to apply for
further time. The Learned Counsel then said he
should call a couple of witnesses to connect the evi-
dence already given in such places as would save
future trouble.
Mrs. Lee, whose husband had let a printing press
to two of the prisoners, proved that she had given to
them another press in exchange for that which they
had received from her husband. (The latter press
was found in the possession of the prisoners.) Friede-
burg and Kauffman were the persons who called upon
her for the exchange, but she did not consent until
she saw Aaronson upon the subject, and then she no
longer hesitated.
Mr. James Oliphant, paper-manufacturer, said that
he received an order from one of the prisoners to pre-
pare some paper, and he accordingly prepared some.
The witness kept a sample of the paper, as he expected
a further order for a similar article. A quantity of
the paper found at the lodgings of the prisoners was
produced, and identified by the witness, who believed
the forgeries produced to have been struck off some
of the issue-sort.
Mr. Peachey, clerk to Messrs. Oliverion and Co.,
stated that he was conversant with all the facts of the
case, and had managed the whole affair for the Russian
Government. He had sent a second letter to the
Russian Government, on the 19th of November, for
a witness supposed to be essential to the case. It was
addressed to the Russian Consul. At such a period
of the year, during the prevalence of the south-west
winds, the voyage to and fro might be computed at
about twenty-seven or twenty-eight days. The time
occupied at other seasons was twenty-four or twenty-
five days.
The solicitors for the prisoners complained of the
delay which had taken place, and which, they con-
tended, had been occasioned by the Russian Govern-
ment alone, who ought, in Justice to the prisoners,
who had been .detained so long in custody, to have
either caused the discharge or the instant prosecution
of their clients.
Mr. Ballantine said the evidence already pro-
duced showed that the prisoners underwent no hard-
ship by being remanded, as the forged notes, and the
machinery by which they were forged, were found in
their possession ; a great number of other notes being
in an incomplete state, and the whole mass having
been, no doubt, intended to be circulated amongst
the poor inhabitants of Russia.
Kauffman said he wished to say a few words. He
was, he declared, quite surprised at finding himself
charged with forgery, at the same time that nothing
could be brought forward in support of the charge
but a bundle of rubbish.—(A laugh.) He did not
think that any man, with ordinary understanding,
could be capable of looking upon the bundles of paper
upon the table with any other feeling than one of
surprise at t:he possibility of such a charge. It was-
all rubbish and nonsense from beginning to end.:
The prisoners were then again remanded, and; Mr.
Ballantine assured the solicitors for the prisoners that
he should certainly, upon the next examination, pro-
pose the committal of the prisoners, so that they; might
be tried at the January sessions.
His LORDSHIP said the case was one in which he
could not consent to take bail.
GUILDHALL.
Charles Carr, a genteel-looking middle-aged man,
who has previously been examined at this court, was
brought up before Mr. Alderman Farebrother, that
other cases of felony of a sacrilegious description
might be proved against him. By the number of
persons who crowded the court it would appear that
he had carried on the system in the metropolitan
churches, and others in the suburbs, to a very con-
siderable extent. Amongst the families robbed of
their books may be mentioned those of Lady Dillon,
Sir A. and Lady Spierman, and Colonel Wright.
The property stolen amounted in value to upwards
of 30/.
Mr. Alderman HUGHES, hearing that a number of
pawnbrokers were present with books pledged with
them by the prisoner, and intimating that they were
prepared to give them up to the rightful owners, a
host of gentlemen crowded to the front cf the bench,
and received their lost books.
It appeared that the prisoner got admission into the
churches by representing that he wished to view the
tombs, and thus got an opportunity of carrying away
the property. -
The prisoner was removed to Newgate.

A Polish refugelle,OwhosgrfvEe Ethre name of Louiski,
stated
bteegdging letters.
that
he and his family were
was placed at the bar, charged with attempting to im-
pose on Lord John Clinton, of No. 8, Whitehall-
place,
bymeans o
Lordship
constantly plagued with begging letters, and he
thought it right to give the prisoner into custody,
particularly as he was intoxicated when he applied to
him.
The officer produced a volume of begging petitions,
addressed to the higher classes in society.
Horsford, the officer of the Mendicity Society,
identified the prisoner as being an impostor for
years. The prisoner and his wife had repeatedly been
in prison.
The prisoner said he was in bad health, and he and
his family were in the greatest misery.
Mr. HENRI' ordered him to be sent to hard labour
for one month, the conviction to be returned ; and his
family to be taken to they workhouse, if they would
accept of parish relief.
MARYLEBONE.
John and Catherine Bentley, man and wife, were
brought before the sitting Magistrate on a charge of
attempting to defraud the London and North-Western
Railway Company of the sum of 21. 145., being the
amount of their fare in a second-class carriage from
Liverpool to London.
Inspector Dolby stated that on the arrival of the
train, at five o'clock on Friday evening, at ;the
Euston terminus, and upon the usual examinations
of the passengers taking place with regard to their
passage tickets, he found that the prisoners had none.
Upon inquiring of the male prisoner if he had the
money to pay for his passage he said he had not, but
that he expected his brother would have met him,
according to appointment, at the station, and paid it
for him.
Mr. Barker stated that he allowed the prisoner to
remain in the travellers'-room from half-past five until
nine o'clock, on the assurance of the male prisoner
that he expected his brother every minute to meet
him ; when that hour arrived, and no brother ap-
pearing, he gave him into custody.
The male prisoner said he would most willingly
pay the company in hard labour, and work it but
with them. •
The -Magistrate's decision was, that the prisoners
should pay 1/. 7s. each, or in default thereof, be con-
fined in Coldbath-fields Prison for seven days.
MARLBOROUGH-STREET.
Mr. Richard James Webb was charged by llen-
dillon, one of the park-keepers, with having ridden
his horse furiously through Hyde Park.
The Park-keeper said that on Wednesday, about
three o'clock, the defendant and another gentleman
came riding at full speed through Hyde Park. As
this was not the first time the defendant had done the
same thing, and -as there were special orders and
notices to the contrary, witness went up to the de-
fendant and told him to desist from riding at such
a dangerous speed. The defendant applied some
most opprobrious epithets to him, and said he would
ride over him. Witness was obliged to lay hold of
the reins; the defendant then charged at him, and
would have ridden him down if witness had not made
exertions to prevent him. The defendant offered a
card, which had a false address on it. The other
party who was with the defendant refused to give his
address.
Mr. John Leech, an independent gentleman, said
he witnessed the whole transaction. The defendant
and his friend were riding through the park as hard
as their horses could go. The speed was very dan-
gerous. The park-keeper stopped the defendant, and
requested his card. The defendant attempted to ride
him down.
Another witness gave the same corroboration.
The defendant admitted that he was riding at a
smart pace. He could prove by the testimony of his
friend Sir John Malcolm, who was riding in the park
at the same time, that the pace at which his horse, was
going was not at all dangerous.
Hembery, the head park constable, said there were
boards placed in different parts of the park, by order
of her Majesty, cautioning equestrians against furi•
ous driving. The defendant must have been aware