The Sun.
London, England, 1847-09-01 00:00:00

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
POST.—It is a great misfortune when the politic:,
of a nation sink to the level of mere mercantile wis-
dom and skill. Every man who has the virtue and
warmth of patriotism in his breast should struggle to
save his country from falling into this condition, or to
elevate its views to something nobler if it have so
fallen. This opinion is perfectly consistent with a
Treat respect for mercantile achievement, and an
enaartinoensatldpersoirspeetroitymaand
maintain the mercantile interest in
its proper sphere. The extent of what we urge is, that
h
are not based upon the stetenepprroignpceirpiltey of merchant
are or promoted
by the same circumstances. For instance, there can
be no truer rule of advantage for the counting-house
or the shop than that of buying in the cheapest
and selling in the dearest market. That sen-
tence epitomises the history of commercial labour
and the principles of commercial gain. But
such a ruk is inapplicable to national concerns
The
an nationpresent
profitha
farsup
gorneatmererntahnintit
transactions
oanslaoectiontse
We think it right to call attention to this subject,
because we continually find both in the speeches of
public men, and in the most popular newspapers, a
disposition to judge of public affairs in a commercial
spirit, and a willingness to assume that whatever is
gainful in a compting-house view of the matter must
tie nationally prudent, and fit to be adopted by the
Legislature. We contend that such dispositions in
politics are no less mean than they are erroneous.
The merchant is justified in looking to his own in-
terest, irrespective of that of the community. Such
at all events is the universal practice, and the morality,
if not the purest or most exalted, is not found fault
with. The merchant, whether he deals with his own
countrymen or with foreigners, makes it his business
to obtain what he buys for as little as he can, and to
make those who buy from him pay as much as he
can. He looks not to the advantage of the commu-
nity, but to his own. Moreover, he looks to an im-
mediate advantage. He expects that each transaction
should bring with it its own profit. At all events he
does not dream of submitting to trade at a disad-
vantage during his lifetime, in order that other
merchants who shall follow him may derive a larger
benefit. Now, here we may see the distinction be.
tween the principles of mercantile and political advan-
tage. The business of the statesman should be to
contemplate always the advantage of the commu-
nity, and nothing else ; and, instead of framing his
measures with a view merely to the advantage of this
year or the next, or even this age, he is bound to bear
in mind how long the life of a nation may be, and
that he must not only take care of the interests of the
people now existing, but endeavour to" sow greatness
for their posterity and succession." We fear that in
the present day statesmen forget to cultivate the seeds
of greatness in the British empire, while occupied
with a petty ambition to make. a present profit out of
mercantile traffic with foreigners. A few days ago,
among the paragraphs in this paper, was the follow-
ing, concerning our Indian empire, extracted from the
Asiatic Journal:—
" British dominion in India may now be said to com-
prise a territory fluctuating between, if it cannot be ad-
mitted virtually to comprehend, an expanse of surface
vary ingfrom 553,000 to 1,280 000 square wiles; with a po-
pulatien alernating between the extremes of 83,000,000
.nd 134,000.000 of human souls. Surrounded by the
extensive and f. rtile eou itrirs of China, Burrnah, Siam,
Persia, Arabia, and the Eastern Archipelago, it may be
described as comprising some of the richest and most
sutnptuous portions o - the globe, terminated by a sea
coast of 1,500 miles, indented with several harbours, and
interi, r intersected by the magnifier nt streams of the
Ganges, the Braiinispootra, and the Lidos, In climate it
classed by the latest auth iri,ies us falling under three
feneral divisions, siz.„the Ilitranaletn, the belt of the
flat country extending-from 64 Tildes to the Brahma•
pootra and Peninsular India. In short., reaching, as
.ur Asiatic possessions do, from within six degrees
..f the equinoxial line, to the thirty-fifth degree of
northern latitude, it may be easily perceived to pos-
sess a range from the temperature of the torrid zone
to the region of perpetual snow. The agricultural
.wealth of such a realm is of course of the grandest to
be conceived, comprehending all the demands of
the vastest commerce that could be prosecuted.
Yet what is the reason that such rich and profuse elements
have not attained their rank in the markets of the w or:d?
Hew is it that we import cotton from America, wheat
'rout various quarters of the globe, tallow, flax, hemp
from Russia—that we squabble about sugar from Brazil,
when India is the natural storehouse of the empire for
very raw product to be yielded by the benateousness of
eatute ? The trade of India with the whole world has
eeen estimated at about 30,000,0001. sterling annually.
It may well be hyped to be only in its infancy. It is,
however, del ghtful to reflect upon the impetus which
-oust naturally be given to it by the increase of her
team-power and the introduction of railroads."
Yet, it may well be asked, whit is the reason that
such rich and profuse elements of wealth and greatness
have not been more assiduously culliva•ed ? Steam
power and railroads are no doubt means for the develop-
ment of these great resources, but what are they without
statesmanship?
hpireekedw,all, or moated gate;
•• What constitutes a state?
Not high-raised battlement or laboured mound,
T
Not bay
Nor cities
Where laughing at the storm, rich navies ride:
swainthdsaprimreeds anpdorttusr,rets crown'd ;
No; men, high-minded men V'
We want
wsa.ntnost dealer.tatestne andof
chap
eonprewheen_nsivneotmind and lofty
t
personsptitrs. p
(he souls and sentiments of ren re cotton s
-tuning to wield the rod of empire and to direct the vast
spinners,
e with
..
and complicated concerns of a mighty nation, who,e
e
of to day is as nothing compared with what it may be, if
not withered by a puny avarice, or &graded by a small
contracted cleverness, to which, in a national point of view,
wen the imprudence "t greet
gentile weulo be preferable.
The cotton-spinning mind is very well in its way ; it
is useful forsmall details, and no candid person can
d ny the merit of very great ingenuity and very laud -
%hie perseverance to those worthies who have multi
plied yards of cotton thread even as the sands ..n the
sea shore. But the minds capable of the development
cotton thread, and the philosophy
g—the mind of Peel and his ceos.---is not adequate to
e Briti-h empire.
thereunto belon,,e
the development of the resources of _
In his discourse of the greatness of kingdoms and states,
Lard Bacon thus sums up his views:—
ingthis
Scripture saith) ' add a cubit to his straetautr
nincl:rd;s:bnodoym;
theabnutc,aitntby.
fame of kint,-
p ,wer of rinces
care-taking (as the
ghe
reatnees to theirking
r estates to add emplitude and
mo"dTeloofcoa
grdinances, constitut,ons
d.nns; for by introdueing such
° etched, they ma) sow
doms and commonwealths, it is t
and custeme as
we
have;
nowt'
succession; but thew.
greatness to their posterity and
but left
ly not observed, to take their
things are couon.m
Aimee."
these great Pairs
are en-
to whom the conduct of
„indy employed about compera-
t rusted are too ctant
wrapped u crotchets of the' '
They tire left to take their chance, while the men
ir
tive trifles, or wholly wrapp
loss and sore
own, which
community. -he late Government
depression of the
bat ion of the system sties the
—and, so far as appro
• h
nt too—occupy themselves
presort Government
interests of f •
oreign merchants,
free trade and the
they indulge to the infinite
ever existed in the wor
I t are " left
.imiaptoerttoeththemsot to take their
sattethoaf. tthaenwatoirolnd
that
chance." Lord Bacon says," above all for
while the mighty interests of as noble an empire as
rincipal honour st d d
, uy,
do profess arms as their
is political •
maxim which, it may
occupation:9
be said, was more approPr
empire and greTait:iisesssit
years ago than it •is to the cir-
two hundred and fifty
cumstances of the present age, But suppose we admit
this to be true, still we should consider how great the
distinction is between those objects which a nation,
and the rulers of a nation, should keep in view, and
those which are sought after by private interest or
ambition. Even considering the world as it is, and the
nfluences which prevail in it, it may be questioned
whether anything(beneath the concerns of Religion and
Morality) is nationally more important than arms and a
martial spirit. The more sordid pursuits of life may be
left to the impetus arising frotn a love of gain, except
in special cases, like
thatexample,
where Ireland for
where the notorious vice of the people is idleness,
and a want of active vigilant regard to their own ma-
terial interests. However, the truly wise politician
must attend to everything, and the more or less of
his attention must in general be governed by the parti-
cular circumstances which require encouragement or
repression. But modern statesmanship is too often re
duced to base servility by the assumption that leading
politicians are to go with the tide of opinion, whether
it be sound or unsound—whether it be for good or
for evil. Such statesmanship is, in our view, the most
despicable of all trades, while, beyond question, the
' noblest occupation in which 11 man can be eng.igi d,
next to the guidance of the people in religion and
morality, is that kind of statesmanship which pro-
motes and encourages what-never is noble and per.
nianent in the public concerns of a people, and

'hick suppresses every excess of devotedness to the
comparatively mean and temporary objects of vulgar
worldliness. And by how much a people may be
indisposed to great and self-denying acts of national
aggrandisement, and intent upon were gain-getting
and mercantile enterprise, by the same measure should
we estimate the worth and merit of the statesman who,
in direct opposition to the popular error and gross-
ness, guides the State in the direction of virtue and
national renown—of permanent greatness, and of
long-enduring glory. Nothing can be more ignoble,
and nothing can be more false, than the maxim, that
it is a statesman's business to adapt himself to the
popular disposition of the time, without reference to
• he question a hether that disposition be good or bad.
Now, we hold that for a good many years past one
great error in the rulers of the British people is, that
they have not imposed a check upon the enfeebling and
legrading tendencies of the manufacturing system.
I'he result has been a decay of the manliness of the
'talon, with a great increase of a small, busy, fretful,
onceited intellectuality. "It is certain," says Lord
decon, " that sedentary and within-door arts, and
delicate manufactures (that require rather the finger
than the arm), have in their nature a contrariety to
a military disposition ; and generally all warlike
people are a little idle, and love danger better than
ravail, neither must they be too much broken of
it if they shall be preserved in vigour ; therefore
It was great advantage in the ancient States of
Sparta, Athens, Rome, and others, that they had
the use of the slaves which commonly did rid those
manufactures ; but that is abolished in greatest part
ny the Christian law. That which cometh nearest to
it is to leave those arts chiefly to strangers (which for
that purpose are the more easily to be received), and
to contain the principal btiik of the vulgar natives
within those three kinds, tillers of the ground, free
servants, and handicraftsmen of strong and manly arts,
as smiths, masons, carpenters, &c., not reckoning pro-
fessed soldiers." Such wisdom as this our statesmen
disregard altogether; and because we can manufac-
ture threads and cloths in our unwholesome mills, at
a cheaper rate than such things can be manufactured
elsewhere, they would have the nation chiefly to rely
upon those comparatively unmanly pursuits, and to
etrouusnttrto s
countries fora
foyemrstasupopflmy eorfcathnotislee
neexecehsasnarge w
iesoit f
fh
life, the
production of which is conducive to physical strength
and health. All this, again, is the short-sightedness
of the mere mercantile mind, and the contracted
nature of its views and aims. It may be true that so
far as the money gain of to-day is concerned, that
more will be made by attending at home to the work
of women and children and steam-engines, and buy-
ing from foreign countries the produce of men's work;
but the statesmen ought to occ ipy himself with some-
thing of more national importance than the money-
gain of to-day. The understanding and energy of
the time are frittered away upon mean and common-
place matters, while the mighty resources of our
empire, and the greatness and the glory of the nation,
are neglected.
TIMES.—When we closed our remarks some days
since upon the slave-trade debate in the late House of
Commons with a reluctant and involuntary acqui-
escence in the respite of the present system for an-
other twelvemonth, we intimated a hope that we
might have an opportunity of enlightening our
readers more fully on the subject of the service to
which so many of their countrymen are doomed, and
as a necessary consequence, of promoting its ameliora-
tion as far as the nature of the case would permit.
Several Parliamentary papers have lately appeared,
containing an immense mass of intelligence respecting
the various workings of the system ; and a brief and
intelligible abstract of the facts thus disclosed we
shall now attempt to present. That it is the bounden
duty of England, as of every civilized nation, to lend
its aid to the extinction of so nefarious and polluting
a traffic as that in question, there can be no possible
doubt. We are not advocating the rights of a trade
ie human flesh, nor deprecating any honest endeavour
to destroy it, but we do question the expediency and
the efficacy of the measures at present adopted, and
we do most earnestly protest against an annual
holocaust of English subjects, which only dialers
from the sacrifices of Juggernaut in being offered
on a purer shrine and by more enlightened minds.
As far as facts go—in number, certainty, and regu-
larity the British immolations are quite equal to the
Asiatic. No victims ever rowed across the lake of
Mexico to the Island of Sacrifice with more solemnity
and finality than our sailors and marines are embarked
with at Woolwich pier for the coast of Africa. One
of the reports to which we have alluded deserves to
be characterised by terms somewhat above those usu-
ally bestowed on these most important but ill-fa-
voured productions of the t'arliamentary press. The
Lords of the Admiralty ordered an investigation and
report to be made upon this extraordinary drain on
the blood of Great Britain, and the result has been a
scientific and instructive classification of the poisons
which our seamen are commanded to inhale. The
virulence of the venom at various points of the African
coast is graduated with all attainable accuracy and
completeness, and a calculating officer may now as-
certain the several stations at which his life is worth
five, fourteen, or twenty-one days' purchase re-
spectively, or may even make interest for that
atmosphere of the blest which will only leave him
an idiotic cripple for the remainder of his career.
Under the direction of the chief authority of the
medioal department of the navy, aided by a fearful
experience, and by all the appliances of official in-
formation, Dr. Bryson has compiled a report on " the
Climate and Diseases of the African Station," a vo-
lume which, while in point of abstract horror, it falls
in no degree short of the hideous fascinations of M.
Eugene Sue, has the additional attraction of being
actually depicted from the death. Some of our
readers, we hope, may be drawn towards our own
opinions by the facts we shall disclose; few, we con-
ceive, will think the communication other-
wise than acceptable; for the most resolute
idolater of philanthropy can only be grati-
fied at the magnitude and costliness of the
offerings which his god devours. Our observations
will be the more readily understood for a short sketch
of the scene of action. Until within these last ten
or twelve years, the treaties in operation on this sub-
ject practically prevented the capture of any slavers
to the south of the line, so that the cruising ground of
the British ships was pretty accurately defined by the
parallel of Cape Verde and the Equator. The field
was still further limited by the fact that very little
surveillance was needed north of the Gambia, but
from this river, southward, to Cape Lopez the
whole coast demanded an unremitting care,
which is now extended still further, to the southern-
most point of the coast of Benguela, or, in other
words, to the very commencement of that desert
which lies to the north of our Cape Colony. This
whole line of coast, being for the most part flat and
marshy, is intersected by innumerable rivers, which,
by means of their branches communicating with the
interior, and the facilities they afford for conceal-
ment, supply the highways of that traffic which we
are endeavouring to suppress. By the mouths of
these rivers, in fact, the stations of the squatron are
regulated. The line of cruisers commences between
the Gambia and Sierra Leone, where a couple of ves-
sels are usually stationed off the Nunhez and the
Pongos, two of the most deadly streams on the coast.
Two more cruisers continue the blockade from Sierra
Leone to Cape Mount, with their eyes upon the Sher-
boro and Gallinas—rivers thick and reeking with the
condensed pestilence of a province. The Gold Coast
has nut been found to demand more than a flying
cruise, and the next sentries of the squadron are in the
famous Bight of Benin. Between the two capes of
this bay there lies always three or four devoted vessels,
one watching the notorious slave-mart of Lagos ;
another, Whydah ; a third, the mouth of the Benin ;
and a fourth, the estuary of the Volta. Rounding Cape
Formosa, we come to what is considered the chief
cruising ground of the squadron the Bight of
Biafra, where five or six vessels are employed in
gu rding those disemboguing branches of the pesti-
ferous Niger, which are known by the too familiar
names of the Nun, the Brass, and the Bonny. South
of the Equator as many more are charged with the
custody of the coast as far as the Great Fish Bay,
having particular regard to the Gaboon, the Loango,
and the Congo. Taken altogether, and including the
vessels refitting or recruiting, the African squadron
now generally numbers from 25 to 30 pendants, of
which one-third are flying from steamers—a propor-
tion of our whole force afloat far too considerable, it
must be allowed, to be consigned to so forlorn a hope,
without notice or comfort. The duties of a cruiser
arrived on her station are ordinarily as follows :—She
takes up a position off the mouth of her allotted river,
and commences the irksome monotony of a blockade.
A strict look out is kept from the masthead during
the day, and from the bulwarks by six men during
the night. Happy is she if a chase gives her the
prospect of an hour's excitement. Ordinarily, how-
ever, boats service is her only relief from the
stagnant uniformity of her duty, and what relief
this is will soon be conceived. The boats, fully
manned, are detached from the ship for a
service perhaps of an indefinite number of days.
They are victualled and previd, d as best may be, au f
they then stretch away to penetrate and scour ti
rivers and ere, ks before then, which vessels of heavier
draught would be unable to enter. The banks of these
dead and sluggish streams are thickly clothed with
mangrove bushes, around the tangled roots of which

THE BISHOPRIC of MANCHESTER
The following is the Order in Council founding the
Bishopric of Manchester :
"At the Court at Osborne-house, Isle of Wight,
the 10th day of August, 1847, present the Queen's
Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
" Whereas the Ecclesiastical Commi-sioners for
England have, in pursuance of an Act passed in the
last session of Parliament intituled ' An Act for es-
tablishing the Bishopric of Manchester, and amending
certain Acts relating to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners for England, and of certain other Acts therein
recited, duly prepared, and laid before her Majesty in
Council a scheme, bearing date the 7th day of August,
-1847, in the words and ,figures following; Chet is to
say :
We, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for Eng-
land, in pursuance of an Act passed in the last ses-
sion of Parliament, intituled ' An Act for establishing
the Bishopric of Manchester, and amending certain
Acts relating to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for
England,' and of certain Acts therein recited, have
prepared, and now humbly lay before your Majesty
in Council the following scheme for founding and
endowing the Bishopric of Manchester, and for found-
ing certain archdeaconries.
" Whereas the above recited Act, and certain other
Acts of Parliament therein recited, contain provisions
for the immediate foundation and endowment of a
Bishopric of Manchester, and for carryieg into effect
the arrangements connected therewith rand incidental
thereto as hereinafter recommended.
" And, whereas, we have obtained the consent of the
Right Reverend John Bird, Bishop of Chester, to the
recommendations hereinafter contained; in testimony
whereof he has signed and sealed this scheme.
" We humbly recommend and propose that, upon
and from the Ist day- of September next, the colle-
giate church .ot Manchester shall be constituted and
become, and shall for ever thereafter be, a cathedral
church and the seat of a bishop within the province of
York, and shall be invested with all the honours, dig-
nities, and privileges of a cathedral church and an
episcopal seat, and the dean.and canons of the said
cathedral church shall be the dean and chap er thereof.
"And we further recommend and propose, that
upon and from the same day the de nerie-, of Atnoun-
derness, Blackburn, Manchester, and Leylan i, aid
the whole imrish of Leigh, including the townships of
AstleY, Atherton, Bedford, Pennington, Tyblesl ,
with Shakerly and Westkigh, otherwise Leigh, in
the deanery of ‘Varrington, all in the county of Lan-
caster and diocese of Ceester, together with such parts of
the respective deaneries of Kendal and Kirby Lonsdale,
in the same diocese as are in' the same county, shall
be detadhed and dissevered from the said diocese of
Chester, and shall be made and constituted, anti shall
becomeosed for ever thereafter he and he cal'ed, and
knowtrisk,...tbe name -of the Diocese of Manchester;
and all parisCs ate4laces, churches and chat els, aed
the whole clergy, and others your Maj.,sty's subjects
within the limits thereof, shall be exe,iipted and re-
leased from all jurisdiction, authority, and control of
the Bishop of Chaster, and shad be under anti sub-
ject to the episcopal jurisdiction, autho-ity, and con-
trol of the Bishop of Maochester, when duly consti-
tuted as hereinafter provided, and of his successors,
Bishops of Manchester for ever.
" And we further recommend and propose, that
such person as shall be duly elected by the said dean
and chapter of Nianchester, in pursuance of a warrant
from your Majesty in that behalf, and _ seen ;he_ dilly
confirmed anti consecrated according to Jaw shall
become bishop of the said see and diocese of ..Man-
chester, and shall become and be invested with all
the same and the like rights, privileges,' dignities',
power, jurisdiction, and authority as have heretofore
been and now are possessed by the Bishop of Ripon ;
save only so far as such rights, .privileges,- or digni-
ties are affected by any of the provisions of the. here-
inbefore recited Act.
"And we further recommend and propose, that:the
said bishop and his successors, bishop of the taid,see
and diocese of Manchester, shall be a body corporate
by the name of the Bishop of Manchester, and by
that name shall have perpetual succession and a com-
mon seal, and shall and may by that nain sue and be
sued, and shall have power and authority to take And
hold all lands, tithes, advowsons, tenements and ' he-
reditaments, whatsoever and wheresoever, which may
be given or granted to him or them by your Majesty
your heirs, and successors, or by any other person or
body corporate, and shall enjoy and may do all
rights and acts in respect of the same in as full and
perfect a manner as the Bishop of Ripon, but not
otherwise.
" And we further recommend and propose, that the
said cathedral church of Manchester shall be the
cathedral church of the said bishop and of his suc-
cessors bishops of Manchester, who shall enjoy and
exercise episcopal pre-eminence, jurisdiction, power,
and authority within and over the said church aill the
aforesaid diocese of Manchester, in as full and ample
a manner as the Bishop of Ripon within and over his
diocese and the cathedral church thereof, and that the
said Bishop of Manchester, and the said dean and
chapter of Manchester, and the archdeacons and the
whole clergy, and others your Majesty's subjects
within the said diocese of Manchester, shall be sub-
ject to the metropolitan jurisdiction of, and shall own
obedience to, the Archbishop of York and his succes-
sors Archbishops of York.
" And we further recommend and propose, that the
said Bishop of Manchester and his successors Bishops
of Manchester, and the said dean and chapter of the
cathedral church of Manchester and their successors,
shall have full power and authority to do all acts and
deeds, whether jointly or severally, as the case may
be, within the said diocese of Manchester, in like
manner and as fully and effectually as the Bishop of
Ripon, and the dean and chapter of the catnedral
church of Ripon, may now do, either jointly or seve-
rally as the case may be.
"And we further recommend and propose, that the
said Bishop of Manchester and his successors bishops
of Manchester shall be endowed with an average an-
nual income of 4,200/., iu such manner as shall he
hereafter determined, in conformity with the provi-
sions of the said Acts; and that we, shall, as soon
as conveniently may be, lay before your M jesty
in Council a scheme for fixing the mode of such en-
dowment.
" And we further recommend and propose, that
upon and after the confirmation of the Bishop of
Manchester as aforesaid, but subj. ct to such appor-
tionment of ecclesiastical patronage among the seyeri,i
bishops as shall be made by any order of your Ma.ojfe tshye
in Council, in pursuance of the provisions
benefices
statute in that behalf, the patronage
rof allebendary in the
collegiate church of So
heretofore or now belo
'ulgithnwag to
cealln, t, to any
whichP benefices, as
the Bishop of Ripon
they respectively become v
for the time being might now by law present, shall
become and be divided equally between, and shall
and may be exercised alternately by, the Bishop of
Ripon and the Bishop of Manchester for the time
being; the Bishop of Ripon presenting to the bene •
fice which shall first become vacant, and the Bishop
of Manchester presenting to the benefice which shall
secondly become vacant, after such confirmation of
the Bishop of Manchester as aforesaid, and so from
time to time as vacancies may occur.
"And we further recommend and propose, that the
said diocese of Manchester, when so constituted as
aforesaid, shall immediately thereupon become and
be divided into two archdeaconries, which shall be
styled and called respectively the Archdeaconry of
Manchester and the Archdeaconry of Lancaster ; and
the Archdeaconry of Manchester shall, notwithstand••
ing any previous order of your Majesty in Council,
consist of the said deaneries of Blackburn, Man-
chester, and Leyland, and the whole parish of Leigh,
including the townships aforesaid; and the said parish
of Leigh shall be detached from the deanery of War-
rington, and shall be included in and form part of
the deanery of Manchester ;and the Archdeaconry of
Lancaster shall consist of the deanery of Arnounder-
ness and so much of the deaneries of Kendal and
Kirkby Lonsdale as are hereinbefore proposed to be
included in the said diocese of Manchester; and the
aforesaid portions of the deaneries of Kendal m
an.d.
Kirkby Lonsdale shall be detached fro the said
deaneries, and shall be united, and sh ill toge:her
constitute and be called the Deanery of Tunstall.
" And we further recommend and pm noose that
there shall at the same time be constituted in tht.
diocese of Chester a new archdeaconry, which shall

/-
(. irk
. - =
ttyi.i eel celled the Arcieletesent : "
and the said archdeaconry shall censiglir
of Worrell in the county of Chester, a tte*Jii
deanery of Warrington so altered as aforesaid. "1"41....?-,
" And we further recommend and propose, that air
parishes and places, churches and shape and the
whole clergy, and others your M tjevy's ttubjec,s
locally situate within the s till arch teaceelies of
Manchester, Lancaster, and Liverpool respec ively,
shall be under and subject to the jurisdiction of the
Archdeacons of Manchester, Lancaster, and Liverpool,
for the time being respectively, and shall thencetbrth
be released and discharged frcm all other archidia-
conal jurisdiction whatsoever, and from any juris-
diction, authority, or control in the nature thereof.
" And we further recommend and prepose, thst the
Venerable John Rushton, Doctor in D,vinity
was collated by the said Jiihn itird, Bishop of Chester,
to the archdeaconry of Manchester feuded in the
diocese of Chester, shall; upon and trine the day of
the confirmation of 'the Bis:iop of Manchester as
aforesaal, ai.d by the sole operatioo of thi: sch
me
and any duly gazetted or er LI your M,j •ty in
Council ratifying the same, be and continu,.. lie, to
all intents and purpose::, sir , aeon of the Arch,
deaconry of Aianche,t( r in the diocese of Maneheso r;
and that the 13. shop of M Inc:nester, wh,-n ful , colt-
firmed as aforesaid, shall anrl may 8 10' ti ''')(l
proper person to ti .e v or iith,e trf ttrelai, nem)
of the said Arelideac-nry of Lancaster; aid TI.
Bi•ihop of Chester, for the time brit g. she :II ki rt2ay
collate some fit and proper person 0, the v or
office of Archdeacon of the sai 1 Arc deaciitirs. o. Li-
verpool ; and the right of collating the arehd,ac• ns of
Manchester and Lancaster shall be vested in the said
Bishop of Manchester and and his successors Bishops
of Manchester for ever; and the right of _collating
the Archdeacon of Liverpool shall be vested in the
said John Bird, Bishop of Chester, and his successors
Bishops of Chester fur ever.
" And we further recommend and propose, thst
upon the next avoidance of the see of Carlise, ur
sooner with consent under the hand and seal of the
present Bishop of Carlisle, and in the latter case ution
and from the 14th day next following the publica-
tion of such consent in the London Gazette, that por-
tion of the deanery of Kit khy Lansdale which is in
the county of Westmereltuid.shall he annexed to that
portion of the di artery of Kendal which is in the
same courity,aud the same •s"la"t Vigrtter `euncti -
and be called the deanery of Kendal ; and the said
deanery of Kendal, and the deanery of Coupland, in
the county of Cumberland, and the deanery of Fur-
nes and Cartmel, in the county of Lancaster,
shall be detached and dissevered from the
diocese of Chester, of which they now form
part, and shall become and he permanently
annexed and united to and included in and form part
of the diocese of Carlisle; and all parishes and places,
churches and chapels, and the whole clergy, and
others your Majesty's subjects within the limits of
the said deaneries of Kendal, Coupland, and Furnes
and Cartmel, shall be thenceforth exempted and re-
leased from all jurisdiction, authority, and control of
the Bishop of Chester, and shall be under and subject
to the episcopal jurisdiction, authority, and control of
the Bishop of Carlisle for the time being, for ever,
and under the archirliaconal jurisdiction of the arch-
deacon of the Archtieacoury of Westmoreland, as
hereinafter proposed to be constituted, and shall be
subject to no other archidiaconal jut isdiction .whatrc.
ever, our to any jurisdiction, atithe,ity, or control in
the nature thereof.
"And we further recommend and propcise, that
upon such addition as aforesaid being made to the said
diocese of' Carlisle, a new archdeaconry shall be
created in the same diocese, which shall he styled and
called the Archdeacenry of ‘Vestmorelan I ; arid the
said archtleaconry shall consist of the said deaneries of
Kendal, Furies and Cartitiel, arid Coupland ; and the _
said archdeaconry, end also the Archtleaeiniy et Car-
lisle, shall be sod jeer to such alfrra ions as inti‘ here-
after be deemed expedient.
" And we further recommend and propose, that
the Bishop of Carlisle fer the time being shall and
may collate some fit anti proper person to the di-4-
'6-y or office of art:hi-lemon' of the said Arch:lvaco:try
of Westmoreland; anti th toe right of col acing the
Archdeacon if IVestmoreland shall lie vesme 1 it, the
Bishop of Carlisle, amid his successors Car-
lisle for ever.
"And vie further recotnmend and propose, that no-
thing herein contained shall prevent us from recom-
mending arid proposing- any further measures relating
to the matter,' aforesidd, or art, or tit-m, iu cum-
fermitr with tl e nroVisions of the said 0-cited Act, or
any oth,-r Act of Pro !lament ; and especially for pro-
vionig such endowments as shall be de. tried fit, end
proper for the -archdeacons of the seteral a:chiee-
coriries hereinte fore mentioned.
"And, whereas, the said scheme has been approved
by her ...v:ajesty in Couucil ; now, therefore, her Ma-
jesty, by anti with the advice of her said Council, is
p'eesed heray -to ratify the said scheme, and to brder
and direct that the same, and every part thereof, shall
be sflectual in law immediately from and after the
tilde- when this order shall have lwen duly publisher"
in the London Gotette: And her Majesty, by and
with the like advice, is pleased hereby to direct that
-this order-be forthwith registered by the registrars of
the dioceses of Chester, ltipon, and Carlisle respec-
tively in the registries .of their respective dioceses;
and also, by Charles Samuel Grey, of Chester street,
Belgrave-square, in the county of Middlesex, Esquire,
in a book to be by him provided and kept for the pur-
pose, and which shall from thenceforth become and be
;he registry of the diocese of ;Manchester.
"C. C. GREVILLE."

TOE GREAT BRITAIN.—When the Great Britain
was floated on Friday it was interlu d to have started
. .

directly ror Liverpool, but it was found
It wasdahemsd then
eteono
much water to render such a step pdn
decided to proceed to Strangford, but a thick fog coming
on, she ran for Belfast loch, and arrived there at four
o'clock. She left Belfast about noon on Sunday. The
Birkenhead was commanded by Captain Ingram, and
the Great Britain was in charge of Captain Claxton.
Besides about 150 labourers, who were put on board at
Belfast for the purpose of keeping the pumps going the
whole time, there also came in the Great Britain about
65 riggers from Portsmouth and Plymouth, 40 men
(marines and sailors) belonging to the Biikenhead, and
25 belonging to the Victory. Mr. James Bremner, of
Wiek, and his seen, Mr. Alexamie r Bremner, were also
on board. As the vessel came up the river the water
was seen pouring from her sides, by the action of the
pumps. Thu average speed from Belta•t to the
Mersey was six-and a-hulf miles an hour. The
Great Britain was fitted up with a temporary- rudder,
or steerage apparatus, such -as is resorted to at sea
when the rug der is wa-bed away, and yesterday
morning, about eight o'clock, or:e of the hawsers by
which it was worked gave way. A slight damy WUS
thereby occasioned, during the time necessary for splicing
the rope again. In the course of the passage an attempt
was made by the pilot of the Birkenhead to lay that
vessel alongsPe the Great Britain, and to tow in that
psition, but he was uf,s.hle to do so. lu the art mpt
one of the side plates on the larboard side of the Great
Br tain eere 'Love in. With this ext., pti n, her hei 1
appeaes qu to sound, although ti-e pair t a dirty. On
(1, ck. h ,Never, stud in eh.- cabins este ei .11m grit
have been reap ei,d,
she is in a Sate • f gres);:co:.fusion.
The proinena.de deck is hung with kamm..cks for the use
of the crew, and the captain has take n refuge in the
!eiree :stle There is nee dou l. however, that in a very
shunt t me the Great Britain will tie fit for sea agaiu.

As to h r luture d. s•inatkit, the; is at present uneertsin.
It is getterall) rumoured that she has been porchased by
tiovernr..ent, but although ilie assisiasc.. given b) the
Admiralty to get the vessel oft" might attlitd grounds fur
such a ruin ur, so far us we eau axertvin there is no
foundation tor it.--liverpoul Mercury.
FATAL ACCIDENT ON TDB LONDON AND NORTS•
WESTERN It athway.—An i (pest svds held )esteritay
evenii.g on J. ho Hineksman. E,q.. a arntleman of con-
sideraule property, residing in Quern Alin-street, Lon.
don, who mi t ris death on the North-Western Railway
(ii,ttihght acme the
turin, unfor-
tunate
dr
at Sudbury, Ain Monday night last. The inquest was
held in onAo of the rooms of the Sudbury station, T.
tWurliaktiee elgtEitigeru" ttpur,eetvinngn.; ben iOn
21,iiniv.cta) w tight
in the neighbourhood, proceeded to the station at Sud-

bury, for the purteke of returning to town by the train
which leaves Aylesbury at a quarter before seven in the
evening, and should arrive at Stidbury at twenty-three
minutes past nine. The deceased crossed from the up
to the down line, and hearing a train approaching the
up-line, he proceeded hastily across to reach the plat-
form, believing it to be the train for which he had been
waiting. However, it was the express train from New.
castle, which, being considerably behind tune, was pro•
ceeding at great speed at the moment. The unfortunate
gentleman was struck by the buffers, and carried several
yards, when the wheels of nearly all carriages passed
over his body, mangling it in a frightful manner. No
blame whatever was attributable to the railway cotoPitnY
or its servants. The jury, after a short consuluition, re-
turned a verdict of "Accidental death."
DUELLING IN BAVARIA.—The Senator of the Uni-
versity ot Wuruzburg has issued the following notice:_
—" In consequence of a royal
oministerial decree, the
Senate feels itself called upon t
the students to the recent death, y
in Munich, and
conse-
quences resulting
again to enjoin the strictest
dra
for the prevention of
reference to the cowman w th_e atteion of
b a duel, of anttudent
officer, to the unhappy
offraonm duelling, and hereby strongly
discipline and civil measures
duelling among the students. In
d of his Majesty the King, the
students are reminded ot the. severest. .penalties which are
attached to participations in duelling in generalfparti.
cularly to duelling with pistols and pointed instruments;
and every participation, or abetting the same, shall be
subject to dismissal, imprilonment, &c.; and that the
corpse of a person falling in a duel is to be taken to the
churchyard without any funeral procession."
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.—PORTSMOUTH TIM"
DAY.—This morning all the field officers doing' duty in
this garrison were called out on Southsea-common by
Major-General L-ird Frederick Fitzclarence to " skele-
ton drill"—a plan for manceuvriug ?mall bodies of men
in as rfr elive It manner as large battalions, first intro-
. luced by Lot d Fi'selarence wilt n Col,,nel of the itlt
Fusiliers. This will continue three mo-, inv, sild on
t he fourth 11n three Rejinepts of Light Infantry
quartered in this gairite.n 'ell' b' torina:ly reviews:a
I by his Lordship on the common as a Light Inhyr.tri
Brigade.