The Sun.
London, England, 1847-02-11 00:00:00

VENING,

fix their scale of salary, .that every manufacturer would be
obliged to unite in self-defence—(Loud cries of " Divide,
divide")—and that, he was sure, would do away
with the good feeling whiclt at present existed
between the manufacturers and their workmen.—(Renewed
cries of " Divide divide.") He would not detain the House,
but he understood that it was intended to bring forward in
Committee a clause to. limit the &tars of working to eleven
and not ten hours. Now he thought that the House would
at once concede that the workmen were or were not right
in this demand—if right it was cowardly for Hon. Members
to depart from their prin,^ipies, if wrong, they had only to op-
pose the Bill altogether. He could not consent to the second
reading of this measure. The Hon. Member for Durham
then expressed his astonishment that the Government had
left this an open question. He had expected that the Noble
Lord at the head of the Government would have adopted a
holder and more straightforvard course, and he thought that
he was introducing a strange anomaly in legislation by
sanctioning the principle that the workman should be pro-
tected against the capitalist.
Sir ANDREW LEITH HAY moved the adjournment of
the debate.

Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that he rose only to say a few
words to the House, in consequence of the attack which had
been made upon hint a few niinutes before six o'clock.
If the Hon. Member for Durham (Mr. Bright) had intended
to have made this attack, he (Lord J. Russell) thought
it should have been made at five o'elock—(Continued cheer-
ing)—and he really thought that the Honourable 31ein-
ber, in his anxiety to make the best defence on behalf
of the cotton manufacturers, liad departed from that
candour and courtesy to which Honourable M embers
who might differ in opinion from him were fully entitled.
The Hon. Member said that this was a question of
principle, he (Lord John Russell) did not view- it as
such. lie conceived that the difference between
ten, eleven, and twelve hours was a question of
degree, and not a question of principle. This was 110 new
principle, as the Hon. Member had been pleased to allege.
The limitation of the hours of labour had been introduced
before into that House, and it would be found that it was
carried out in the statutes of the realm.—(Hear, hear,
and cheers.) Neither was it a change in the old law,
for the old law protected apprentices against their mas-
ters: it was, therefore, no question of principle ; it
was merely a question whether the Legislature should
throw the shield of protection round the younger workers.
That was a mere question of the day, on which the mem-
bers of the Government might differ without at all
differing on any principle. If the Honourable Member
differed from that principle ; if he thought the Legislature
were wrong in the course they had adopted, he should have
proposed the repeal of the laws on the subject. He knew
not that it was necessary now for him to enter into this
question. He had stated what he thought was
the general principle, and if this debate came to be
adjourned he would not detain the House by any length-
ened observations. But if the House were pleased
to listen he would not address himself more than
a few minutes to the question. He considered
then, as he had already stated, that it was not a question
of principle, but of degree; and that young persons of 13
years cf afire, working twelve, thirteen, or fourteen hours a day,
were taxed too much, because their bodily frame was not
sufficiently matured. He considered it was too much to give
time for their moral or mental improvement, and he conceived
that it was so tar a question of degree, inasmuch as a shorter '
period of labour would be more fitted for them. The
Honourable ss.nlier for Durham had expressed a
fear of foreign competition. That was another
qi estion, and with regard to it he would only say
that the same objection had been urged in every
previous arrangement that had been made from 1831
to the present time, and he was happy to say that the
manufactures of the country were still flourishing,
white the factory -operatives had been greatly benefited.
The limitation of labour had given them three or four months
in the year for the purposes of improvement. He would not
have troubled the House so long but for the attack of the
Hon. Member for Durham.—(Cheers.)
The debate was then adjourned till Wednesday next.
The other orders of the day were then disposed of, and the
House Adjourned at Six o'clock.

PARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS.

From the Votes and Proceedin (!f the House of Commons.)
WEDNESDAY, FEB. 10.

The following Railway Bills were presented, read a Brat
time, and ordered to be read a second time :
Cheltenham and Oxford—" for making a Railway from
the Great Western Railway at Cheltenham to join the Oxford
and Rugby Railway near Oxford, with a Branch therefrom,
and fot other purposes."
Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock (Branches at Port Glas-
gow, and to the Caledonian Railway and Diversion of Canal)
—" to enable the Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock Railway
Company to mike certain Branch Railways at Port Glasgow
and to the Caledonian Railway at Glasgow, and to divert
part of the Glasgow, Paisley, and Ardrossan Canal."
Caledonian ( Edinburgh Station an.l Branches to Granton,
Fie.)—" to enable the Caledonian Railway Company to ex-
tend their Station in Edinburgh, and to make Branch Rail-
ways to Granton, to the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, to
Wilsontown, to Fauldhouse, and to Biggar and Broughton."
Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle•upon- Tyne Junc-
tion and Northern Counties Union Amalgamation—'‘ for
amalgamating the Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle-
upon-Tyne Junction and Northern Counties Union Railway
Companies."
Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham (Peterborough and
Thorney Line)—" to empower the Boston, Stamford, and
Birmingham Railway Company to make a Railway from the
Syston and Peterborough Railway, at or near Peterborough,
to the Stamford and Wisbech Line of the Boston, Stamford,
and Birmingham Railway, in the parish
.of Thorney and
Isle of Ely."

London and South-Western (Andover to the Bishopatoke
and Salisbury Branch, &c.)—" to enable the London and
South-Western Railway Company to make Railways from
Andover to join their Salisbury Branch Railway at Miciael-
marsh, and from the same Branch at Romsey to join the
Southampton and Dorchester Railway at Redbridge, all in
the county of Southampton, to be called' The Andover and
Southampton Junction Railway.' "

The following Railway Bills were read a second time, com-
mitted, and referred to the Committee of Selection :
Newmarket and Chesterford (Extension to Thetford).
Caledonian (Glasgow, Garnkirk, and Coatbridge Railway;
Branch to Glasgow and Station).
Chard Canal and Railway (Extension and Amalgamation).

NOTICES GIVEN AT THE PRIVATE BILL-OFFICE.
The following Railway Bills are appointed to be read a
second time on Monday, Feb. 15 :
Caledonian (Edinburgh Station and Branches to Granton, &c.)
London and North-Western (Ormskirk and Raintord
Branch, &c.).
London and North-Western (Bescot and Wolverhampton
Branch, ).

NOTICES OF MOTIONS.
Mr. Ricardo—To nominate Select Committee on the Na-
vigation Laws :—Mr. Ricardo, Mr. Alderman Thompson, Mr.
Hume, Sir Robert Peel, Mr. Milner Gibson, Mr. Hutt, Sir
George Clerk, Mr. Brownrigg, Mr. Bright, Mr. M‘Carthy,
Viscount Sandon, Mr. Brown, Mr. Lyall, Mr. Mitchell, and
Mr. Thomas Baring—Friday, Feb. 12.
Mr. Roebuck—ln Committee on Factories Bill to mane
the following amendments :
To extend the operation of the Act to all mills andfactories.
To extend the operation of the Act to all persons employed
eight ht
fill in agriculture.
To fill up the blank in section 1, line 6, with the word
"
l'l"napntdhesoballasnoltinin eclinselt3i.on 1, line 7, with the words
" forty-eight;" so also in line 14.

A simple and ingenious contrivance for measuring
and indicating the distance travelled by wheel carriages,
has been invented by Mr. Voullster, a gentleman con-
nected with the Engineering College at Putney. The in-
strument is applicable to all carriages, but the special
object of the invention is to supply the passenger in a
cab with a perfect check on the distance actually tra-
velled, and consequently against overcharge by the
driver. The instrument may be described thus :—A
piano-spiral rotator is concealed within the hoop of the
nave of one of the hind wheels, and gives action to a
shaft or small rod of iron which is carried horizontally
nearly as far as the opposite wheel. At this point a
universal joint connects the horizontal with a vertical rod,
which latter continues the action into the body of the
carriage ardor the seat. Here two or three wheels give
motion to a suitable shaft or chain, which is concealed
between the panels of one side of the carriage, and ter-
minates near the roof in a dial-plate provided with two
faces, one inside for the use of the passenger, and the other
outside, in which the driver and his fare can together note
the position of the hands before the latter steps into the
cab. Both dials have exactly the face of a clock, being
furnished with an hour and a minute hand, and hours,
half-hours, and minutes are indicated on the dial pre-
cisely as in the ordinary time-piece. As the hands per-
form the circuit of the dial, the divisions of hours, half-
hours, and minutes correspo id exactly with the miles,
half-miles, and fractions of a mile actually traversed by
the vehicle. Thus if the dials indicate 20 minutes past
12 when the passenger enters the cab, he will know that
he has travelled exactly a mile when the dial within
points to 20 minutes past 1; a mile and a half when it
points to 10 minutes to 2 ; two miles when it arrives at
20 minutes past 2: two miles and a half at 10 minutes to
3; three miles at 20 minutes past 3, and so on. A small
circle within the dial face, with a pointer answering to
the second-bands of a watch, enables the owner of the
carriage to satisfy himself as to the total number of
miles which the vehicle has travelled in any given
period.
The simplicity and convenience of adopting, as the
mode of indicating the distance traversed, the
face of a clock, with the reading of which every one is
familiar, needs no comment. The public can at once
avail themselves of the invention, without having to
learn its use. The instrument is perfect for its purpose,
it is accurate to a nicety in its working, is easily read
off ; is so simple in its construction, that it cannot be
easily put out of order, and is neither cumbersome nor
unsightly—indeed it is scarcely visible at all when the
carriage is in motion. The actual working of the in-
strument has been tested, with the most perfect success ;
it has been fitted to a Brougham carriage, which has
travelled several hundred miles over the worst pavements
in the metropolis, in all weathers and at different speeds,
so that there can be no doubt as to the efficiency of the
instrument for the purposes to which it is applicable. It
gives the passenger in a cab a perfect check on over-
charge, and the proprietor the means of knowing the
amount of mileage actually performed.
The application of this really useful invention to
cabs will be a great public accommodation. The sys-
tem of overcharge practised by the drivers of cabs is
too notorious to require any comment. There can be
no doubt that if cabmen would be content with their
legal fare, and would receive the same with civility,
many persons who are deterred by fear of altercation
with the drivers from riding in cabs at all, would avail
themselves of the accommodation which a cab affords,
and of those who do ride, most would ride a great deal
more. In fact, the custom would be doubled at least,
Ladies are almost excluded from the use of cabs—they
mostly prefer the inconvenience of an omnibus to the risk
of insult by a cabdriver. Thus there is a large class
of the community whose custom is at present with-
, held, but would, if given, afford a very conside-
rable increase of employment. Individual drivers
are not very likely to adopt the Patent Mile Index ; it
will militate too much against what they imagine to be
their interests. Even if one or two of the class should
have sense enougn to see that just fares and fair treat-
ment will induce a custom which will be amply remu-
nerative, they would be unable to keep way against the
abuse and violence of their class. It is only by a public
company taking up the invention, and forcing it (if we
may use the expression) into the cab market, that there
is any likelihood of the public receiving the benefit of
it. We observe with much pleasure in our advertising
columns the proposal for forming a company, having for
its special object the application of the Patent Mile
Index to London cabs. We refer to the " Patent Mile
Index Carriage Company." The undertaking bears
on its face the stamp of respectability, and it
is put forward in so honest a manner, and
with such a total absence of anything like jobbing that
the promoter will deserve success with the public. The
undertaking embraces beside the application to cabs of
the patent mail index, the improvement of cab con-
veyance by furnishing to the public a superior equipage
with a better class of drivers ; the reduction of fare to
6d., through the medium of mile tickets, an arrange-
ment which will prove not only a very great accommo-
dation to the public, but also very remunerative to
shareholders ; and also the giving to the public the
advantage of having a body of gentlemen to appeal to
instead of having recourse to summons to a police court.
A company with these objects will certainly confer a
great obligation on. ,the metropolitan public when they
make their debut on the London stands. The proposals of
the promoters offer not only a great inducement to parties
willing to embark monies in the undertaking, but also
are put forward so openly and fairly as to induce confi-
dence in their assertions. The registered promoter
bears all preliminary expenses absolutely, reserving a
per tentage, or profit for his remuneration. If the ca-
pital be not subscribed deposits will be returned. A
detailed estimate is given, so that the public can judge
of the assertion of the 'promoter, that 15 per cent.
clear of income tax, will be realised. An abstract of
the deed of settlement also is given, that the public may
know what the deed is they will be called upon to sub-
scribe. The directors, instead of receiving a fixed re-
muneration, postpone all recompense till the share-
holder receives five per cent. interest, and then take
only in proportion to what they realise for shareholders.
The foregoing are the principal features of the under-
taking—they are novel, and give evidence of the sin-
cerity of the parties, and offer a very fair inducement to
those easy people who may have a few hundred pounds
in the Three per Cents., and may feel inclined to realise
fifteen per cent, with chance of larger profit and but
little risk. The parties who appear as trustees and
directors are highly respectable. The names of the
Messrs. Wire and Child—are alone sufficient
so as a respectable and bonci fide
licitors--
to stamp the undertaking

project
THE CIRCUITS.
CROWN-OFFICE, FEB. 9, 1847.
Days and Places appointed for holding the Lent Assizes,
1836, viz.:—
HOME CIRCUIT.
Right Hon. Thomas Lord Denman, Lord Chief Justice.
Right Hon. Sir Thomas Wilde, Chief Justice of the Court of
Common Pleas.
Hertfordshire, Tuesday, March 2, at Hertford.
Essex, Monday, March 8, at Chelmsford.
Kant, Monday, March 15, at Maidstone.
Sussex, Monday, March 20, at Lewes.
Surrey, Monday, March 29, at Kingston-upon-Thames.
NORFOLK CIRCUIT.
Right Hon. Sir Frederick Pollock, Chief Baron of the Ex-
chequer.
Mr. Justice Coleridge.
Buckinghamshire, Monday, March 8, at Aylesbury.
Bedfordshire, Saturday, karch 13, at. Bedford.
Huntingdonshire, Wednesday, March 17, at Huntingdon.
Cambridgeshire, Friday, March 19, at the County Courts.
Suffolk, Wednesday, March 24, at Bury St. Edmunds.
Norfolk, Tuesday, March 30, at the Castle of Norwich.
City of Norwich, the same day, at the Guildhall of the
said city.

aIIDLkNI) CIRCUIT.
Right Hon. Sir Jame Parke, one of the Barons of the Court
of Exchequer.
Mr. Justice Patteson.
Northamptonshire, Monday, March 5, at Northampton.
Rutlandshire, Friday, March 5, at Oakham.
Lincolnshire, Saturday, March 6, at the Castle of Lincoln.
City of Lincoln, the same day, at the city of Lincoln.
Nottinghamshire, Friday, March 12, at Nottingham.
Town of Nottingham, the same day, at the town of Not-
tingham.
Derbyshire, Tuesday, March 16, at Derby.
Leicestershire, Saturday, March 20, at the Castle of Lei-
cester.
Warwickshire, Coventry Division, Wednesday, March 24,
at the city of Coventry.
Warwickshire, Warwick Division, Thursday, March 25, at
Warwick.

NORTHERN CIRCUIT.
Mr. Baron Alderson—Mr. Baron Rolfe.

Lancashire, Monday, February 15, at the Castle of Lancaster.
Westmorland, Thursday, February 18, at Appleby.
Cumberland, Saturday, February 20, at Carlisle.
Northumberland, Wednesday, February 24, at the Castle of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the same day, at the Guild-
hall of the said town.
Durham. Monday, March 6, at the Castle of York.
City of York, the same day, at the Guildhall of the city of

York. . ..
Lancashire, Saturday, March 20, at Liverpool.

OXFORD CIRCUIT.
hir. Justice Maule—Mr. Baron Platt.
Berkshire, Saturday, February 27, at Reading.
Oxfordshire, Saturday, March 6, at Oxford.
Worcestershire, Thursday, March 11, at Worcester.
City of Worcester, the same day, at the city of Worcester.
Staffordshire, Tuesday, March 16, at Stafford.
Shropshire, Tuesday, March 23, at Shrewsbury.
Herefordshire, Tuesday, March 30, at Hereford.
Monmouthshire, Thursday, April 1, at Monmouth.
Gloucestershire, Monday, April 5, at Gloucester.
City of Gloucester, the same day, at the city of Gloucester.
WESTERN CIRCUIT.
Mr. Justice Cresswell—Mr. Justice Williams.
Southampton, Saturday, February 27, at the Castle of Win-
cheater.
Wiltshire, Saturday, March 6, at the City of New Sarum.
Dorsetshire, Thursday, March 11, at Dorchester.
Devonshire, Wednesday, March 17, at the Castle of Exeter/
City and County of the City of Exeter, the rine day:at the,
Guildhall of the said City.
Cornwall, Wednesday, March 24, at Bodmi4
Somersetshire, Wednesday, March 31, at the CgStIO Of
•, •
Taunton.
CUtCVIT OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES AND COUNTY

rALATLNE OF CHESTER.
NO ATM WALES.
Mr. Justice Coltman—Mr. Justice Wightman.
Montgomeryshire, Monday, March 15, at Welchpool.
Merionethshire, Thursday, March 18, at Bala,
Carnarvonshire, Saturday, March 20, at Carnarvon.
Anglesey, Wednesday, March 24, at Beaumaris.
Denbighshire, Saturday, March 27, at Button.
Flintshire, Wednesday, March 31, at Mold.
Cheshire, Saturday, April 3, at the Castle of Chester.
SOUTH WALES.
Glamorganshire, Wednesday, March 3, at Swansea.
Pembrokeshire. Thursday, March 11, at Haverfordwest.
,
Town and County of Haverfordwest, the same Lay, at the
Town of Haverfordwest.
C,,r(liganAire, Tuesday-, March tr,, ;;t
Carmartlmnshir,l. Saturday, March. 2:, .:t
BoroUgh 01'Cannartheu, same
Carmarthen.
Brecknockshire, Saturday, March 27, at Brecon.
Radnorshire, Wednesday, March 81, at Presteign.

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