The Sun.
London, England, 1840-06-10 00:00:00

THI4I SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY. JUNE 19, 1840.

Africa, and New Holland, with a houndless extent
of land at their disposal, have pressingly invited
every spare hand in England to share their large
possessions. The whole commercial world, with
which England, by her manufactures and her
shipping, stands in close connection►, has been wil-
ling to supply her wants, and seek from her the
supply of their own wants. These are sources of
boundless prosperity for England, a demand for
her productions absolutely illimitable, as the popu-
lation of these countries multiplies, and a con-
venient home for her spare hands. Now the Corn-
law, by shutting out commerce, has destroyed one
source of increase, and by preventing the raw
produce of the United States from coming here,
has prevented our spare hands from going there to
cultivate it. By fixing a price here, which the law
could not indeed command, it induced many to stay,
expecting to grow rich, who would other-
wise have emigrated. By checking commercial
enterprise, it has prevented our spare hands from
finding new homes ; it has checked the habit of
leaving the country, and has, therefore, served to
create a surplus population, by keeping out food,
by keeping in people, and by curtailing the means
of employing them in commerce and manufactures.
The very surplus population, for which the Corn-
law is said by its advocates to form a partial remedy,
is caused by that most mischievous enactment.

The natural sources of national prosperity which
we have indicated ought never to be lost sight of
in discussing this law. Consistently with them, the
prosperity of England ought now to he unexampled.
Her enterprise should branch out in all directions,
her shipping should increase faster than ever, her
manufactories multiply, her imports and exports
augment rapidly, her consumption extend, and
there should be no difficulty of finding employment.
Almost the reverse is the case ; the difficulty of
finding employment in every profession is im-
mense, consumption is checked, imports and
exports hardly increase, manufactories do not
multiPY, and the indications of prosperity
are every where so faint, instead of being plain and
certain, that the best informed statisticians dispute
whether the country prosper or not. This sad reverse
of what nature intends, and what Providence has
clearly given us the means of achieving, is caused
by the accursed restrictions which selfish, idle,
worthless Legislators, have laid on the food and
on the enterprise of the industrious classes.
Agriculture, in spite of the boastings of the land-
owners, partakes of the gefseral stagnation. " During
the reign of GEORGE III.," says It. MOOR-
SOU, Esq., in his letter to Mr. CAYLEY, and be-
fore 1797, when the corn trade was virtually free,
there were passed 1,532 Acts of inclosure of waste
lands." We doubt whether there have been 100 such
Acts passed since 1822, though there are yet many
millions of acres lying waste in England. In the
present session there are several Bills before Par-
liament for railroads, docks, harbours, and new
companies, connected with mining and other
manufacturing speculations ; there is as far as we
can learn but one Inclosure Bill. There is an increase
of town population. Liverpool, Manchester, Bris-
tol, Brighton, London, &c., are growing in ex-
tent ; we believe there is DO tract of any increas:: in
the rural population. On the contrary, as far as
our individual observation has gone, cottages have
in several places been pulled down, and the rural
population has diminished ; new methods of cultiva-
tion have been adopted, which have produced more
in proportion to the quantity of labour employed ;
and, notwithstanding the Corn-laws, the quantity
of agricultural employment, except in parts of
Ireland and Scotland, is less, wo believe, than it
was, and requires a less number of hands. There
is no sign of great enterprise amongst our agricul-
turists, no new lands have lately been broken up
and taken into cultivation, there is no anxiety to
introduce and adopt Mr. HEATircoT es steam-
plough, and this highly protected branch of the
national industry—to promote which other branches
are stifled, exhibits even fewer signs of vigorous
and growing life than either commerce or manu-
factures.

We read, indeed, that great quantities of cattle
are brought from the north of Scotland to London,
and that farms are consolidating in Ireland, and
Yielding the landlords a larger rent. The owners
of land in those districts, such as the Duke of
RICHMOND and Lord FITZGERALD, no doubt are
much enriched by the exclusion of foreign
corn, and foreign agricultural produce, of all
kinds—for cattle could be as easily importPd
from Ostend or Dunkirk as from Aberdeen—and
Westphalia hogs from Bremen as well as Irish hogs
from Cork ; . and because these and other Peers
have a strong pecuniary interest in starving the
people, they are most unfit to legislate on this
subject. Lord FITZWILLIAM'S motion may by
them be negatived, as the Peers have resolved to
negative it before they have heard it, ac-
cording to the Duke of RICHMOND ; but the de-
cision of such selfish, interested, biased men will not
satisfy the community. It may make them more
deservedly despised, contemned, and hated by their
fellow-creatures than at present, but it wiil leave
the question just as it now is.

On the same day, Saturday, that we pointed out
the schism amongst the Tories, and the worse
schism betwen them and their principles, the Times
supplied us with an additional illustration of our
remarks. Professing, as it always does, a profound
veneration for the general opinions and conduct of
the Duke of WELLINGTON, it yet said " We can-
not so far abdicate our own tight to the exercise of
an independent judgment as to receive w►th passive
acquiescence the dictum that every Englishman
oueht to feel himself debarred from questioning
the justice of that quarrel into which he has
been plunged," &c.; and then the Times went
on to express a total difference of opinion from►
the Duke concerning the conduct of Captain
ELLIOT and the Chinese war. The point it se-
lected for difference was most unfortunate, and the
Times could only make out a case by completely
misrepresenting facts. But whether the Duke or
the Times be wrong is now of no consequence ;
we only wish to make the public aware that these
great leaders of the Tories in Parliament and in the
press are at variance. As the minim-Herald
differs from the feeble commoner, so the pike-
Times differs from the great and powerful Duke ;
and when these differences exist between the jour-
nals and the chiefs, the public are well aware that
the same differences exist between the chiefs and
their followers.

The Tories may be strong enough and united
enough, by their desire to get office, to prevent the
Ministers from successfully carrying on the Go-
vernment ; but they are neither strong enough nor
united enough to form and successfully carry on the
Government themselves. Their efforts, therefore,
to thwart the Ministers and overthrow them can
only tend to weaken and destroy the State. They
cannot establish a Government, and they are so lost
to all sense of decency that the Times is angry with
the Duke of WELLINGTON because he is not in-
clined to forget what is due to the honour of his
country, and go all lengths with STA Nr.r,Y,
GRAHAM, PEEL, the Times, the Herald, and
Co., in their factious attempt to destroy the ex-
isting Government.

The hypocrisy and impudence of the Non-in-
trusionist law-breakers in Scotland are perhaps

t without a parallel in the history of priestcraft; they
cry out for the full enforcement of Cie Ve:,l Act,
in o:der, as they say, that the ChriA an flocks may

have the choice of their pasi.ors, and at the same
time narrow the franchise to such an extent that the
election falls into the hands of five or ten of the
most canting, backbiting hypocrites of the parish.
We have occasionally pointed out cases in which
the clergyniao, to serve his own purposes, Las re-
fused the privilege of communio❑ to many of the
most respectable parishioners, thereby limiting the
number of electors to a small manageable number.
One of the grossest instances of this disfranchising,
rotten-church system was accidentally [nought
before the public at a meeting of the
Commission of Assembly at Edinburgh last week,
and in order that our readers may judge how truly
we have described the deplorable condition to which
these designing men have reduced this hitherto re-
vered and useful Church Establishment, we will
give the facts as stated by one of the law breakers.
Dr. NITA R LA N said " the case of Daviot presented
the most unfavourable view of the Veto Act which
had ever come before them. That in a population
of eighteen hundred or two thousand souls, there
should be only ten heads of families communi-
cants, was a state of things which afforded ample
room for caballing, or prejudicing the minds of
these few against a presentee."
Only ten righteous in t'wo thousand, or one in
two hundred I Why the place must be as bad as
Sodom and Gomorrah, or they are treated by their
clerical oppressors as no Christian people were
ever treated before. Out of this number at least
eight hundred must he by age fit to become com-
municants, yet all except the ten righteous are de-
barrcd' from the table of the LORD. Could there
be a better proof of the deplorable mischief which
these madmen, if left to themselves, would inflict on
the Kirk ? Yet, notwithstanding this, the chief rebel
demanded of the Government but the other day,
that his party should not only be allowed to exer-
cise their Spiritual power uncontrolled, but that
they should be put in possession of uncon-
trolled power over the temporalities of the Church ?
We praised the Government for exercising sound
discretion in)eaving the Destructivcs to themselves,
and in not interfering with the patronage question ;
but it is now evident something must be done to
stay the plague, and prevent the ruin of a Church
so long the honour and the blessing of Scotland.
Parishioners of irreproachable character, at the
caprice of the minister, arc refused communion,
others disgusted with the spiritual tyranny under
which they suffer, are leaving the Kirk and joining
Episcopalians and Dissenters. The favoured few
who remain are caballing for the appointment of
one candidate or another—the different presbyteries
are engaged in one continued scene of strife—the
Supreme Ecclesiastical Court sets them the example
by an annual grand battle which it prolongs in the
shape of skirmishes in the Commission for the rest
of the year, and while all these things are
going on these ministers of peace are inciting
those under their authority to disobey the law, and
at the same time sanctioning measures for robbing
the Christian people of those very privileges
which they hypocritically claim for them. The inha-
bitants of Scotland cannot long be deceived. We
have good reason to believe that re-action has com-
menced in good earnest, and that if half a score of
the firebrands and law breakers were sent to prison
for resisting lawful authority, all except, perhaps,
the righteous decemviri of Daviot and their com-
peers, would rejoice at their condign punishment.

The parsons are in arms against the decision of
the. Court of Queen's Bench in the celebrated '
Braintree case. A writ of error has been brought.
for the purpose of getting that judgtnent reversed,
if possible. It will be seen by a document inserted
elsewhere that the bail put in upon the writ are no
less personages than the Venerable HUGH CHAM-
BERS JONES, Archdeacon of Essex, and the
equally Venerable WILLIAM HA LE BALE, Arch-
deaccn of St, Alban's. We are not sorry for this
—it will set one important point in Church-rate
law at rest for ever. We only regret that other
material points were not included in the issue.

It will be seen by the Report inserted in another
column, that the Court of Queen's Bench have
given a decision in a tithe cause, which at last
establidies a principle in the rating of that species
of property. The clergy, it is well known, have
laboured hard to escape from the grievance of pay-
ing their just proportion of the expense incurred for
the maintenance of the poor. In acting thus they
have acted strictly in character. The spiritual
pastors, the ministers of the "poor man's Church,''
fiist seize upon the portion of
.the tithes set apart
for the support Of the poor, first rob the poor of
their property, and then deny that the property so
usurped is liable to the burdens which fall upon
the property of men more humane than themselves.
Every artifice which a jesuitical ingenuity can
suggest, they have practised to get large deductions
allowed them. Among these the most shameless
was the low value at ,ivhich they estimated their
tithes, before the Commutation Act was passed.
That Act, however, brought them to book. There
was no possibility of evading the pounds•shil-
hugs-and-pence argument of the rent-charge; and
accordingly, they have had t,.eir rates raised to
s:omething like a fair itmount.

In the case in which Lord DENMAN gave judg-
ment on Monday, the Vicar of Watford had ap-
pealed against a decision of the Quarter Sessions,
by which a rate on his tithes had been confirmed.
Those tiiJies had been commuted at 660/., and the
Rev. Gentleman had been rated only at 510/.,
120 pounds having been allowed for the expense
of collection—an ample deduction in all con-
science. Ample, however, as it was, it did not
satisfy the Vicar's cupidity. He must have a
larger deduction—for what reason does not ap-
pear, except it be that tithe, being almost all clear
profit to the owner, ought to have a peculiar ex-
emption. Lord DENM As, in giving judgment,
said that equality was the great principle of rating,
and, as that principle had been acted upon in this
case, he discharged the rule.

It affords us pleasure to be able to give an unanswer-
able contradiction to the insidious reports of Russian
agents in Greece, respecting
the unpopularity of his
Excellency Slr HOWARD DOUGLAS, Lord High Com-
missioner of the lonian Islands. Tile )Vlalla Times•, of
the 30th ult., received this morning, brings a report of
the proceedings Of the Parliament of the lonian Islands
at Corfu on the 9th of May, when, among other things,
it was unanimously resolved by the " Most Noble the
Legislative Assembly" of those Islands, that an ad-
dress shouldbe presented to her Majesty Queen Vic-
'META, praying for the lone; continuance of Sir HOWARD
Douuti.As as Lord High Commissioner among them,
and requesting to be allowed to erect a statue to his
memory. This resolution was communicated to the
Lord High Coimnissioner, who modestly declined sane-
Loning the erection of a statue during his stay in the
islands, leaving it to the Legislative .Assembly to mark
its sense of his services in that or any other way after
his recal. The Assembly entered at once into the
spirit of his Excellency's feelings,
and amended their re-
solutions, of which the following is a COPY '—
RESOLUTION
Ofthe Most Noble the Legislative Assembly of the United
States of the lonian Islands, in the First Session of the
Seventh Parliament, on the ninth day of May, 1840.
Heard the communication made to the House by his
Excellency the Lord High Commissioner, through the
Most Noble the Primary Council, in which, at the same
time that ho thanks the Legislative Assembly for the reso-
lution adopted with regard to him, in the sitting of this
day, his Excellency
says that he must decline that part of
it relating to the statue which it is wished to erect to his
tioriour, from those considerations of delicacy which he has
pointed out. 0
Seen, that consequently the first resolution must be

mockllecl, leatting cut of it that which relates to the
erg ction of the statue, in cors?querice of the declaratiol
t~l:ich iris Excellency, prornr.ed by feelings of delicacy,
has made.

Resolved, 1, That the Legi,.lative Assembly do sul-niit
to the August Queen, exclusive protecting S,rvereigu of
these States, on address, which, in atm:running to her
Majesty the completion of all the Codes of Law and
prieedurcs, so long desired, and that must contribute so
greatly to the felicity of the lonian people, shall express
how much we all owe to S:r Howard Douglas, for
the incessant pains he has taken to call forth cur pa-
triotic zeal in this respect; adding, moreover, that the
whole lonian people feel it a sacred duty to testify to
the worthy Representative of her Majesty, their heartfelt
gratitude for his wise, just, and paternal Administration,
and their wishes that he himself should be the person to
give effect to and direct the working of the new Legisla-
tion, for many institutions tending to- the well-being of the
lonign people, and to cement more closely their union with
the protectit,g nation
2. That the Most Excellent the President of the Legis-
lative Assembly, Cay. Altavilla Villetta Caliehiopulo,
immediately upon the termination of the present session of
Parliament, do proceed to London, in order to present
personally to her august Mojesty, the exclusive protecting
Sovereign of these States, the address above-mentioned.

Mussels, German, and Dutch Papers of the latest
date, were received this morning. The former an-
nounce the safe delivery of her Majesty the Queen of
the BELGIANS, on Friday, of a daughter' at the Pa-
lace of Leken. Both her MAJESTY and infant were
doing well.
rine following extracts are from the German and
Holland Papers :

BERIAN, JUNE 4.
OFFICIAL BULLETINS OF THE HEALTH OF
NIAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSiA.

His Majesty the King had enjoyed some hours' sleep last
n'ght ; but notwithstanding this his strength has not been
hiproved, but on the contrary, the dcbil:ty h:►s increased
is a very al rifling manner.
( Signed)

Dr. V. WIEBEL.
Dr. SCHONLEIN.
Dr. GRIMM.
BERLIN, JUNE 4, Five o'clock in the afternoon.
His Majesty's illness has not manifested any abaternen
of its alarming character.
(Signed as above.)

BERLIN, JUNE 5.
Hit Majesty the King► slept much last night, though
with some interruptions, and feels himself rather less feeble
than yesterday.

(Signed as before.)
(Supplement to Prussian Slate Gazelle of June 5 and 6 )
BERLIN, JUNE 3.—Her Majesty the Empress of Russia
and the Grand Duchess Olga arrived this afternoon at a
quarter past three o'clock, and are lodged in the apart-
ments prepared fur them in the Royal Palace.
The Emperor and Empress arrived at Warsaw on the
28th, end were received with the acclamations of the citi-
zens, who crowdsd the streets through which they passed.
The city was illuminated on the three evenings of their
stay. On the 31st, in the morning, they left Warsaw, the
Emperor accompanying her Majesty to the frontiers.
JUNE 6. —The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg
Schwerin, and the Grand Duke and Duchess, and the
Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Schelitz, have
ari irtd here, and reside in the apartments prepared fur
them in the Royal Palace.
111 E HAGUE, JUNE B.—Tile project of law for the
suppression of the Syndicate, gave occasion on Friday to
considerable discussion in the Second Chamber of the
States General. On the question being put, the law was
rejected by a majority of 41 to 11.--Journal de la Haye,
June 3.

THE HAGUE, JUNE 9.—The Stoats Courant for this
date promulgates the two projects of law sanctioned by the
King for the budget of the year 1840, by the first of which
the expenditure is fixed at flo. 51,727,215. The second
relates to the ways and means.
THE HAGUE, JUNE 7.—The First Chamber met yester-
day and received from the Second Chamber the twelve
projects fur changes in the fundamental laws. They were
referred to the Sections, and the debate was fixed for
Tueiday.

The -Central Section made its report on the seven pro-
jects of law, containing the first book of the penal Code.
FRONTIERS OF POLAND, MAY 28.—The accounts from
the Black Sea contradict the statements from these quar-
ters, that the whole of the Caucasian coast is again in the
power of the Mountaineers ; ~neither the forts Soudjuk
Kali, nor Nicholas, are in their hands, nor do they extend
their excursions to Attains.' Troops were embarked at
thicssa and SAastrpol, but their destination was not ex-
actly known.
It is reported that a large part of the Russian Southern
Army is going to the Danubc—namely to the country
about the Sulina mouth or that river. It is not improbable
that the discontent now prevailing at Adrianople and
other parts of the Turkish Empire, may have given occa-
sion to this measure,

There is a prospect of a good harvest in Poland; the prices
are satisfactory to the farmer, and likely to remain so, as
the lost crop in Russia was, in general, very scanty.
DUTCH FUNDS.—itstsmtunm, JUNE ti
IVloney. Bills
Actual Debt, f.. 14 per Cent
Ditto. ditto 3 per cent.
A nmi t z,votlic,4!,;, per cent (O2 9:14
'into, ditto, 2!4 per cent l7l. 77y
Conunercial Company, 4!.:, per cent 17:,.,, 119
ixttu (te.,35 and 11137) 5 ptr cent. WI Mt
j.,,,,ii t`43l, 5 per cunt.
Exchange on Loudon, one month ll 95
Two months ......
—Dutch Papers. Jane 9.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—ViiiNNA, Joss I
live per Cents. Mutalliques .................. ........... ... li-IN
Font per Cents
Three per Cents.
itint: shares :K2
--itllgeineine Zcitung. June (3
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, JUNE 5.

1;:ds. Money,
St. Schuh!. Sch., 4!,,i per cent IN% lii2•
Prussian Engiish Loan, 183 U, 4 per cent. 103 102tia
lixciiange Oil London, three months 6 19
—Prussian State Gazelle, June 6.

The Paris Journals of Monday contain no foreign
or domestic news of interest. They publish the parti-
culars of the siege and surrender of Morella, but they
differ so little from the accounts which have already ap-
peared in our• columns, that we shall not repeat them.
The number of Carlist prisoners was 300, and it appears
that the garrison held out as long as it was possible for
them to resist the QUEEN'S troops. Indeed ESPAR-
TEno found the town in one mass of ruins, and the castle
a mere heap of rubbish from the explosion of the pow-
der magazine. MORELLA was taken en the 30th, and
on the same day General ZURBANO arrived with 30
prisoners, whom he presented to ESPARTERO, with the
scarf of the Carlist chief FORCADELL, whom he had de-
feated and killed on the previous day.
Le!.tets from Bayonne of the 4th published in the
Paris Journals of Monday, bring the following intelli-
gence :

Slim; the taking of Morella, the Viceroy of Navarre de-
spatched upwards of 20 cour:crs to the different corps can-
toned in the northern provinces. The brigade which oc-
cupied the Bastan immediately set out for the Kilma, and
all the forces which could be dispensed with at Vittoria
were marched to the Ebro. These movements wei e occa-
sioned by the approach of Balmaseda, who, having left part
of his troops in the provinces of Cuenca and Guadalajara,
had rapidly advanced upon Reynosa, at the head of eight
batalions and 800 cavalry. It was believed that he in-
tended crossinc, the Ebro near its source, and entering
Biscay by the 'Encartaciones. On the other hand, Cab-
rera was said to be marching across Upper Arra,gon, to-
wards Navarre.

MADMD. —il° Madrid mail of the Ist instant is over-
due; that of the 31it ult. was delayed by the presence of
the Carlist chief Balmaseda on the Burgos road.
Madrid papers of the 31st ult. make no mention of the
precise period of the royal tour, which will probably de-
pend 'lron instructions from the Duke of Victoria. The
Munkipality Bill was still under discussion in the Cham-
ber of Deputies._

The Madrid Gazette of the 31st contains a royal de.
cree, creating a junta of qualification of the rights of civi
employes, and suppressing the Committee of 11.1inisteria
pensions, of public offices, and that of the classification o
clerks.