The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER ll, 1841.

its brightest talents, and wasting its most prolific island. If this measure be followed by such re-
resources. On the other hand there is nothing forms in the administration as shall secure to the
but freedom, the reason and moral power of the Christians an equal share of civil and religious
many, without the exertion of physical force freedom with the Mussulman population, the
keeping the units subseTvient to the general tranquillity obtained by the arms of TAHIR
system, and adding by mutual co-operation to PACHA may be permanent. It is incumbent on
the powers of all. In it there is no sacrifice of the French and. English Governments to repre-
rights, but an-augmentation of privileges. The I sent this matter to the Porte in the most em-
one system is founded on a debasing theory, phatic terms. Without a thorough reform of the
both of man and his CREATOR, supposing that the administration in the Provinces of Turkey,
former is the single cast away of all creation, peopled for the most part by Christians, there
and that the latter gave man and society no will be no end to the civil wars which will
rules for guidance, till a METTERNICH, a henceforth distract and ruin that long-mis-
GUIZOT, or a PEEL stepped forward to save the governed country.
cast away of creation from universal wreck. REDSHID PACHA had paid farewell visits to
The other system supposes that man, like all the Ambassadors preparatory to his setting out
other animals, is adapted to the world in which as the representative of the Porte at the Court
he is placed, and that his CREATOR has esta- of France. His speedy restoration to Impe-
blished rules for the guidance of the individual rial favour, and his mission to a capital, the ad-
and society, which it is a high duty, and ought vanced civilization of which he is so well able
to be a great pleasure to study, learn, and obey. to appreciate, and to communicate to his Im-
These two systems, as adverse from one another perial Master, augur well for the regeneration of
as darkness from light, now appeal to the reason Turkey.
of mankind and bid them choose. The SULTAN has conferred the order of the
Nor is the world without a perfect example Niftchan Iftihar upon the Emir BESCHIR, and
of each, in the same society, to guide its choice. upon the Maronite Patriarch, and the Patriarch
The free, or natural system, is exemplified by of Jerusalem. These marks of the Imperial fit-
the manner in which society is fed and clothed. your are exceedingly well, and timely bestowed.
The thousand different classes of productive la- It is not long since we were favoured with the
bourers, all mutually supplying each other's perusal of a, letter written by the EMIR, in
wants, without one knowing that the other is which he said that he would prefer such a
in existence. The Manchester weaver, who mark of the SULTAN'S good will to an ap-
clothes the Kentish hop-grower, while the latter
pointment to a Pashalic, as he was confident
supplies the former with the material of his
that it would have more weight with the Chris-
beer—if, in his present destitution, he can get b.
ans of Lebanon, as a pledge that their interests
beer—are not acquainted with each other. and
were remembered by the Divan. The confer-
yet they do most delightfully contribute
rig a of such a distinction on the Christian Pa-
to supply each other's need. But this r
t iarchs will go a great way to convince the
system is not confined to any one political
society ; it pervades the whole family of man-
Christians that that the SULTAN disapproves of
kind; and the cotton-grower of Kentucky and
the cruelties and insults inflicted upon them by
the Sheffield cutler help to clothe and feed each the authorities in the name of his Highness.
other, like the Kentish hop-grower and the As England and France are now united for the
Manchester weaver. The system of mutual and protection of the Christian inhabitants of Syria
we entertain hopes of soon witnessing the resto-
reciprocal service, ensuring mutual and reci-
ration of that country to a comparative state of
procal obedience, which grows from division of
repose and tranquillity. When peace is restored
labour, is an example of the natural system of
and freedom of religious worship permanently
society.
secured, the influx of wealty Jews and Chris-
In a Church which, maintained by force
and extortion, violates all the principles it pre-
tuns from the -West will greatly accelerate the
tends to teach, and is a perpetual source of con-
progress of European knowledge and civilization
tentions and quarrels—in a rampant aristocracy,
full of arrogance and pride, committing the most
heinous offences, by legislation, against morality,
in order to sustain their power; acting in the
very teeth of the principles on which they assert
Government is founded, in the separation of class
from class—manufacturers hating landowners,
and landowners trying to starve out manufac-
turers in the unnecessary restraints which the
Legislature is perpetually renewing, though they
rarely or never answer the end proposed—we
have an example of that system of distrust and
terror which still woos the obedience of mankind.
Such being, in rude outline, the true system,
and the Tories being the avowed upholders and
defenders of the system of distrust and terror, the
Whigs, if they mean really to be in opposition,
must embrace the other system. They must
adopt, in spirit and in truth, that principle they
have so long toasted, " the sovereignty of the
people ;" they must trust the multitude ; they
must confide in human nature ; they must recog-
nise a regulating power in society independently
of the Legislature ; and they must set out on the
plan of gradually substituting, as circumstances
will allow, the system of nature and of freedom
for the system of Toryism and of slavery. That
should be the ultimate aim of the Liberal party,
and the means by which they should attempt
to reach it are what should now engage their
attention.

We have received the whole of the French
Journals of Wednesday. The Moniteur Pa-
risien of that date contradicts the report that
the negotiations between the French and Bel.
gian Commissioners, relative to the eornmercia
treaty, had been broken off. They held a meet
ing on Wednesday on the subject, and the ab

sence of one of the negotiators bad for its object
to procure certain documents in the archives of
Belgium, judged necessary for settling some dis-

puted points of detail.
A Royal ordinance, published in the Moni-
teur, authorises the importation of sheet iron
and iron plates into France, duty free, if for re-
exportation within a period of two months. They
are to be stamped by the Custom-house officers
in the harbours open for the transit of prohibited
goods. Warlike stores of any kind are not in-
cluded in the ordinance, and are, therefore,
strictly prohibited.
The movements of the French fleet are, as we
suspected from the first, universally supposed in
Paris to have reference to the quarrel between
the Porte and its vassal the Bey of TUNIS.
England supports the SULTAN, and it seems that

among M. THIER'S troublesome legacies to the
present Cabinet is an engagement to maintain
the power of the BEY. The French and Eng-

lish Governments were they to set about it pro
perly, might very easily settle this dispute by
negotiation. If the BEY be not able to pay the
Tribute demanded by the Porte it is better to
give him time to make it up by instalments than
to bombard his capital, and perhaps provoke a
collision between the fleets of two great nations
who have no right to make themselves principals
iu questions that so little concern them.
Letters from Berlin of the 31st ult., state that
the dispute between the King of' PRussiA and
the POPE has been amicably settled. The KING
and the Sovereign Pontiff, tired of negociating,
had made mutual concessions, which satisfied the
sacred College and' the Berlin Cabinet. What
is to be done with the Archbishop of Cologne
and the Bishop of Posen is not stated.
Within the last fortnight more than ten of the shops
in the Palais Royal, and the celebrated Cafe du Perigord,
have been sold up under decrees of Court, and thci e are
now upwards of twenty of these establishments to be let
—a state of things seldom witnessed in this region.
A petition to the Minister of War has been sent up
by the merchants and ship-owners of Marseilles, praying
that a more extensive protection may be given to French
vessels trading to and from Algeria. At present fo-
reign vessels only pay a duty of 2f. per ten more than
French vessels, and this difference, the petitioners state,
is too low to afford their interests sufficient encourage-
ment. They demand that an ordonnance of 1835 may
be revived, prohibiting trade between Algeria and France
to all foreign ships.
The Sentinclle of Bayonne mentions the arrival of M.
Mendizabal in that town from Madrid.
" The returns of the commerce of the Philippine
Islands," says the Madrid Gazette, " show that the im-
ports during 1840 amounted to 1,746,782 piastres, and
the exports to 4,489,144p5. During the year 186 vessels
entered, and 184 cleared. Notwithstanding the block-
ade of the coasts of China there hare been 34 arrivals
and 39 departures to and from that country. The ac-
counts of the depot at Manilla make the entries
amount to 3,421,483 piastres. and exports to 9,907,664
piastres. The salubrity of these islands, and their
proximity to the markets of Japan, China, the In-
dies, and New Holland, render it .highly.probable that
this depot will become much more extensive."
The Empress of Russia, says a letter from Berlin, has
sent a Russian painter to take views of the most favourite
spots of Frederick the Great in the Prussian dominions.
'The Univers contradicts the statement which it gave
yesterday of the death of Minh-Menh, whom it styles
" tyrant" of Cochin China.
A duel, originating in a newspaper dispute, took place
in the forest of St. Germain the day before yesterday,
between M. Henri Heine, the German political writer,
and M. Strauss, one of his compatriots. M. Heine re-
ceived a contusion on the hip from the ball of his adver-
sary's pistol, and the affair ended.
The town of Louviers, in Normandy, was on the 4th
instant visited by a storm of extraordinary violence.
Towards three in the afternoon, in the midst of a heavy
fall of hail and loud claps of thunder, a whirlwind
passed over the town, spreading ruin and desolation.
Many of the gardens and public walks were devastated,
and several large trees were torn up by the roots.
Some of the manufactOries received considerable da-
mage. In one belonging to M. Gastinne, the south side
was blown down, and the roof carried away to a
distance of 200 feet, where it fell on a neighbouring
house, doing great damage, and seriously Injuring a
female. Three workmen who had taken shelter were
much hurt by its falling on them ; and it is said in the
letter from Louviers, from which this account is taken,
that one of them had died of his wounds. The roof of
the fish-market was blown off, and the door of the
church being open the wind destroyed a beautiful
painted window. Several chimnies were thrown down,
and all the glass in the windows of the factories in the
line of the whirlwind were broken.
On the 23d ult. a young man, well dressed, and fol-
lowed by a dog, arrived at Chapelle Encherie, in that
department, announcing himself to be a Controller.
On the following day he visited all the houses, tak-
ing with him a register-book, and set to work, not
precisely to take the census, but to steal all he could
conveniently pocket. Numerous articles were miss-
ing, but no one ventured to suspect a King's officer, as
they believed him to be. On the sth instant he made his
appearance at Renay, another small place, pretending to
be a land-surveyor, sent by Government for a special
purpose. Here, by contriving to send away on different
errands the people of the public-house in which he took
up his abode, he made the coast clear, and, while alone,
broke open a secretary, and possessing himself of 200 f.
and a silver watch, decamped before any one returned.
The gendarmes are in pursuit of him."
PARIS SEPT- B.—The Journal de Chablis says ;
" There is a report in the town that orders have been
received by the Staff to break up the corps at Chalons
by the 23d of this month. Thus all the sums expended
for the removal of six batteries for their stations, which
is always attended with expense, will have been saved,
if this news is true, only to have the troops in camp for.
six weeks.
" We hear that two merchants of Leipzic have made
a contract with the Russian Government, by which they
have engaged to make an iron railway from St. Peters-,
burg to rocco. The Russian Government wished at
first to make a contract with some of its own subjects ;
but it found their demands so high, that it judged it more
advantageous to apply to foreigners."—La Gazette de
France.
PARIS, SEPT 7.—A letter from Leghorn of the 25th
August says :
" The Sardinian steamer Dante, arriving from Lar-
gone, has brought us the agreeable news of the disco-
very of the wrecked packet the Phcenix, near Catona;
but it announces, at the same time, that the English
brigantine sent to the spot is not sufficiently powerful to
raise the Phcenix from the mud in which it is embedded.
In order to effect this operation, the Directors are under
the necessity of sending large vessels, to raise the Phce-
nix frordthe bottom of the sea."
The King and Queen of the Belgians, who are still at
Bt. Cloud, are to return to Belgium next week.

Amongst them, and one of the foremost, if not
the very foremost, as strictly coincident with the
main article of the Liberal creed—confidence in
man—confidence in the multitude—stands the ex-
tension of the suffrage. The present moment may
not be propitious to stir up agitation in order to
obtain that, but it must at once be recognized as
an essential principle in order to produce any
effectual co-operation. If the abolition of mo-
nopoly in trade be, as we assert, one of its prin-
ciples, and that one which necessity now recom-
mends and enforces, the abolition of a monopoly of
law-making must be another. The unenfranchised
are now excluded from the Constitution. They
are serfs in their native land. They can take no
part in public proceedings which has not for its
object to obtain their own liberty, which is, and
ought to be, a passion for them ; and the Liberal
party cannot hope for their support unless it
adopt an extension of the suffrage as a chief
article of its political creed, if not the chief and
immediate object of its greatest exertions. The
dispute is really between the aristocracy and the
democracy, and if the Whigs will not go with
the domocracy, they can no longer be the leaders
of any part of the nation.

In the speech which Mr. THOMPSON made on
Thursday evening, at the formation of the Young
Mens' Anti-Bread Tax Society, the following

passage occurs :
" Out of more than 200 letters sent me in conseqnence
of my connection with a great meeting held elsewhere—
a meeting of the ministers of religion of all denomina-
tions, who have unanimously pledged themselves to co-
operate with pu—one of the last letters out of the 200
was from a clergyman in Lancashire, who informed me I
that just before he had penned the letter he had visited
the hovel of a wretched family—that he saw there
stretched upon the ground three human beings--a grand-
mother dead, whom they could not bury for want of the
means ' • her daughter, who had been three days confined,
but without nourishment ; and the infant to whom she
had given birth starving by her side. Had not he stepped
in the way they would all have perished from want.
He told me that from his own observation he could attest
the fact that that portion of our species that we would
wish to hold most holy, most chaste, and most spotless,
were fast abandoning themselves to the ways of vice, and
giving themselves up as the victims of profligacy for a
morsel of bread."—(Sensation.)
We earnestly wish that we could command
the attention of
.the, law-makers to these few
words. They describe people dying of hunger,
and women proStitutin'g themselves for bread.
Supposing that idleness, dissoluteness, and even
depravity, may have led to this con-
summation of misery, by what right do
the Dukes of BUCKINGHAM and RICHMOND, by
stopping the supply of food, aggravate these
regretted characteristics of human nature, and
sink the weak and the wicked into deeper want
and deeper woe ? Right!—they have no right.
They have the power, because the unthinking
people, who, by obeying the starvation laws, are
almost as wicked as the law makers, bestow it
on them ; but their whole conduct, so far as the
Corn-law is concerned, is a violation of
all right. At length, however, that is now
generally described as immoral and irreligious.
The Corn-law is taken up as a religious and mo-
ral question; and the discussions on it are intro-
ducing new and more healthy principles into
legislation.
We are afraid that counterparts to Mr. THOMP-
SON'S pictures must have been presented to all
those who come into contact with the lower classes,
The unhappy circumstance of women prosti-
tuting themselves for bread is probably of fre-
quent occurrence. The streets of London at
night, which we are compelled to traverse,
abound with outcasts and objects piteously de-
manding charity. But what can the great
Dukes; who never thread the streets on foot
at night, and perhaps are never out of
their own domains, or their own carriages,
or their splendid drawing-room—what can they
know of the poor multitude whom they reck-
lessly doom to short allowance of food—that
great calamity of a shipwrecked crew—or to
absolute starvation ? They make laws for the
multitude, but they know as little of them as of
the Siberians. Shame! triple shame ! on the
heartless sybarites, who, to 101 l a little more
at their ease, inflict on women the dreadful cala-
mity of prostitution to get bread to eat.

Advices from Constantinople of the 18th ult.
bring the important intelligence that the Porte
had directed the siege of Candia to be rased.
His Highness the SULTAN had also granted a
general amnesty to all the insurgents of that

A letter from Boulogne states, that of the 16 persons
who wergg.vested for creating a disturbance at the fetes.
on the inauguration of the Statue of Napoleon, three
have been sentenced to four months' imprisonment, seve-
ral others three months' imprisonment and a fine, and
three o i.,....;-• uitted.—Le Commerce.
r. 0 i -* E—PARis, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 8.
f Irat Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Pricy Price
French 5 per Cent!. ex. div. 114 75 ... 114 75 ... 114 55 ... 114 55
4 per Cents 97 SO ... 97 SO ... 147 80 .. 97 8,1
'Link of France
&Mite Bank 1,11001. al area 11140 —lO4O —lO4l —lO4O
5,0001. Shares t OS2 50 ...5082 LO ...082 50 ...LOB2 50
Belgian 5 per Cents.
New Loan l(4 ... 1,4% ... 104 ... lu4
,vanish Ac: ire . ........
Portuguese 5 per Cents. 204 ... i 7 ... 26% ... 204(
Neapolitan
Roman .... ie3 ... 103% ...1("3 ... 103%
tfAILWAY SHAIIEb.
it. Germain
Versailles, Lit
R. 13 3IO ... 311 ... 305 ... 305
Rouen 4:2 '0 ... 45? 50 ... 4,2 5.1... 45, 50
Urleans .

Madrid letters and papers, of the Ist instant,
state that the anniversary of the Revolution was
celebrated in that capital with considerable en-
thusiasm. The REGENT, hi the uniform of a
General of Division, walked in solemn proces-
sion to the cathedral church of San Isidro,
where high mass was celebrated in presence of
all the great Officers of State. The REGENT
was cheered by tilt people, who seem to have
lost none of their attachment to his person, or
confidence in his administration. In the even-

ing the city was generally illuminated ; and
from the French papers we learn that simi-
lar demonstrations took place at Seville, Ma..
laga, Barcelona, and other of the principal
cities. in Spain. On the same day a de-
cree of the REGENT, in the name of Queen
ISABELLA. appeared in the Madrid Gazette,
granting an amnesty, and leave to return to
Spain, to all Carlist refugees under the rank of
Colonel, who are willing to take the oaths of
allegiance to the QUEEN and Constitution. This
Decree manifests the moderation and the strength
of the Government. ESPARTERO, who cannot
be accused of ever acting with precipitancy, has
not ventured upon this measure without feeling
confident that he had no longer anything
to fear from the machinations of the Carlists.
The act is one of great mercy towards an im-
mense number of misguided men, who are now
suffering the greatest privations in France. Not
that we agree in opinion with CABRERA that
France has been wanting in proper sympathy
for the Carlist refugees. Considering the ina-
bility of her own people to bear the burthen of
supporting so many Polish and Spanish refugees,
the provision made for them by the Chambers
indicated no want of a hospitable generosity.
Nor are the complaints of captives to be always
literally interpreted. The loss of liberty is an
evil with which the mind naturally associates so
many others that the protest of the indignant and
self-convinced patriot is often a mere outpouring
of the peevishness of the prisoner.
Don AUGUSTIN ARGUELLES, the guardian of
the Royal infants, continues his patriotic reforms
in the administration of the income of the Royal
domains. His last act has been to subscribe in
the young QUEEN'S name, for shares in the new
loans for making good roads between Madrid
and the cities of Corunna and Valencia.
This is one of the best steps he could
take, to make the QUEEN a national benefactor,
and to extend her popularity among all classes
of her subjects. The income of the Royal do-
mains is exceedingly great, but from the death
of FERDINAND, when its Administration was
entrusted to Queen CHRISTINA, to the abandon-
ment of the Regency by her MAJESTY, not a
single real of it ever went into the Royal Trea-
sury, or was expended in defraying the expenses
of the Palace. Queen CHRISTINA, whose ava-
rice is insatiable, conveyed to Naples all that
remained of it over and above what she be-
stowed upon her minion MUNOZ and his family.
She even took bribes from the contractors for the
army, received a large sum for her share in the
quicksilver contract, and while the troops, fight-
ing for the Throne of her Royal daughter, were
marching through frost and snow without shoes,
without pay, and upon half rations, CHRISTINA,
like a vampire, was sucking the life-blood of the
kingdom to amass riches for the gratification of
her individual passions. Though she had given
a Constitution to Spain, and neither alarmed the
Cortes nor the people by a retrograde policy,
yet so unpopular had her private conduct ren-
dered her among all classes that her abandon-
ment of the Regency- did not cause half the com-
motion that the expulsion of an Alcalde would
have occasioned.
The REGENT has ordered the new tariff to
come into operation on the Ist of November
next. It does not include cotton and corn, which
are likely to be the subjects of future negotia-
tions. Corn is cheap and abundant in Spain,
but dear and scarce in Portugal; yet the Portu-
guese Government will not admit a bushel of
corn, nor will Spain suffer the importation of a
yard of the cottons which fill the warehouses of
Portugal. Spain ruins the • corn growers to pro-
tect manufactures which can never become the
staple of the kingdom, and Portugal, like Eng-
land, starves every class to keep a monopyly in
the hands of the corn-growers. And this the
fools call protecting native industry.
A letter from St. Sebastian of the 4th inst.,
states that Queen CHRISTINA has for the present
relinquished her intention of making Bayonne
her residence, where she would be more conve-
niently situated for carrying on intrigues in
Spain. Bayonne is hardly suited for the residence
of her MAJESTY. It is too dull, and we fear it
would not be much enlivened by the voluntary
residence of Spanish grandees eager for the re-
storation of her MAJESTY.

REPEAL OF THE UNION.
MR. O'CONNOR AND DR. COOKE.
TO THE REV. DR.
.90RE, BELFAST.

REVEREND Sin,—Having learned, during my incar-
ceration in York Castle, that Mr. O'Connell declined
your challenge to discuss the merits of the Repeal of the
Union, and fearing that more importance than was fair
has been attached to his refusal, and knowing that a
handle has been made of it to the prejudice of the ques-
tion, and being in my heart a sincere advocate of the mea-
sure, I do hereby invite you to a free discussion on the
subject at Belfast, or at any other place which may better
suit your taste or convenience. Your acknowledged high
character leads me to believe that your sole object in
challenging Mr. O'Connell was prompted by a desire to
arrive at just conclusions after fair argument.. In order
to accomplish so desirable a purpose, I have held. myself
disengaged for the first week of October, the four first
days of which I submit to your judgment as the time for
entertaining the subject. All arrangements shall be left
to you, as to the hour ofmeeting the order of speaking,
and the time for adjournment. imerely require free ad-
mission, the doors to be open one hour previous to the
Chair being taken, the discussion to'take place in the
largest room that can be procured, that you appoint one
Chairman, I another, and these two gentlemen select
an umpire, to whose judgment and final decision all dis-
puted points shall be referred.' The following proposi-
tion to be submitted, of which I undertake to prove the
affirmative—" That the Repeal of the Legislative Union
between Great Britain and Ireland would, above any
other measure, tend to increase the wealth and develope
the hitherto neg,lected resources of the latter country ;
that to a native Legislature alone can the Irish people look
with certainty for domestic peace, and with confidence
for national aggrandizement and social improvement. In
it we would recognise the only just and certain means of
checking absenteeism, of improving morals, of advancing
agriculture, of dispensing education, of protCcting trade,
and of perpetuating a real bond of connection with our
English neighbours."
I have "the
honour, Reverend Sir, to remain,
Your obedient, humble servant,
FEARGUS :O'CONNOR.

London, September, 11, 1841.

THE DUTY ON WHEAT.
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lrgE WEATHER.
..
Wind-00N, SEPTEMBER 10.
M
ROYAL GALLERY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STitEET.
Barometer
Therthometer... 68 Highest ........ 69 Lowest
S.W.—Freezing Point 32 Deg.

- ------=
DESTRUCTIVE V
AIRE. -- SEVEN HORSES
BURNED.—On Wednesday week a most alarming fire
broke out in some farm buildings on the laud of Mr.
Miller, at Love-heath, near Crawley. The scene was a
dreadful and affecting one. The fire was burning in all
parts •of the stable, while the horses were moaning
piteously, and no assistance could be afforded them.
the sight was really sickening One of the horses burst
in fact, completely enveloped in flames, and
They were,
from the stable, his cloth and.hide in a blaze, He ran
franticly across the meadows, defying all attempts to
stop him, and it IVE:S out until late in the day that he was
found,, singed, all over. The fire afterwards communi-
cated to the, tiara, my" burnt with great fury.—Derby
and Chestedicid 140rier, f - . ,