The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1841.

they could, establish a tyranny over opinion here
such as prevails in France.
In pointing out the error of M. GUIzoT our
main object is undoubtedly to read a lesson to
our Tories and to our own people. We would
earnestly put the latter on their guard against
the supposition, disproved by the whole history
of France, that exacting a rigid obedience to
laws can secure national happiness; and we
would make them ready, therefore, if it be in
our power, to resist the encroachments of the
Tories, who are prepared, we know, to imitate
that rigour in Louis PHILIPPE'S Government
which they admire and praise. We do not ex-
pect that they will be convinced that the object
of their admiration is a grievous error, but we
may, perchance, influence the public to believe
that to adopt it here would inflict as much in-
jury on England as it has inflicted on France.

We learn with pleasure from the unequivocal
testimony of the Tory Journals, that out of Corn-
aw Repeal agitation a great political agitation is
arising. This is what ought to be, and what we
long ago predicted would be, the consequence of
the crying injustice committed by the Legisla-
ture. We told the landowners, years ago, that
they were exposing their property, and all the
institutions of the country, to danger by levying
an augmentation of rent in the shape of a tax
ordained by the Legislature on the people's
bread. What do we now find? The Corn-law
Repealers, says one furious Tory Journal, are
bellowing for a land-tax. The repeal of the
Corn-laws, says another, is not merely a fiscal
or commercial question with the Corn-law Re-
pealers ; its ultimate object is essentially a poli-
tical one. So the selfish aristocracy will be paid
off in their own coin. They passed the Corn-
laws to enrich themselves, and keep down the de-
mocracy ; and those very laws are now stimulating
the community to demand an exclusive tax on
the landlords, and impelling the democracy to
require a complete change in the Constitution.
The greediness of the upper classes has com-
pelled the other classes to look into the founda-
tion of political power, as well as examine the
existing right of property, and the present result
is an extensive agitation against the political
power and property of the bread-taxers.
,There is only one course which these gentle-
men can now consistently pursue. If they are
resolved, cost what it may, to maintain their
tax on the people's bread, they must follow up
this gross and palpable act of injustice by further
acts of tyranny. If their will be sufficient to
take away the people's bread and stop trade, it
must also be sufficient to annihilate their liberties
and take away their lives. The landlords dare
not leave so many people in existence to com-
plain, nor leave them with their present means
of organizing either complaint or resistance.
They must, for their own safety, diminish the
number of people, and diminish their liberties.
Whatever the votes of the electors may decide,
whatever may be the majority in Parliament,
the continuance of a bread-tax places the land-
lords in hostility with the bulk of society. They
cannot halt mid-way, and must go on and de-
stroy, or be destroyed. They may retreat and
save themselveS, and save the country, but that
the landowners-declare they will not do; and if
they will not give up their scandalous injustice,
their only consistent course is to become the
avowed destroyers of the lives and liberties of
the people.

With folly and ambition, which are quite un-
equalled, these men institute agricultural so-
cieties, promote agricultural improvements,
study labour, and give rewards to produce corn
cheaper, and at the same time they pass laws to
keep corn at the same price. By the introduction
of improved processes, including new manures
and new crops, the produce of agriculture has
been increased, on the average, not far short of
the whole increase of the population, or 56 per
cent., since the beginning of the century; but in
the same period the agricultural population has
not increased 20 per cent. The increase of the
agricultural produce is therefore obtained by
less labour; any proportionate quantity of it cos
less than it did at the beginning of the century,
or at any intervening time between that period
and now, and yet the landlords make laws in
order to keep up the price. What would they
have said. of the possessors of spinning mules
had they required a law to keep up the price of
cotton as high as before the mules were invented ?
The landowners try, in fact, to accomplish in-
compatible things, namely, to produce corn at a
less cost, and yet to obtain for it the same or an
equal price.

It is true they have not succeeded; for every
successive law they have passed or proposed,
they have been obliged to lower the pivot at
which they could permit importation. How

could they ? It is not more certain that bodies
on the surface of the globe tend to the centre,
than that lowering the cost of production lowers
the price of a commodity. The folly of the
landlords is shown in their attempting to accom-
plish incompatible things—their ambition in

attempting to to counteract a law of nature—their
folly and their ambition are now as palpable to
the meanest man of the community as their in-
justice, arid they must subvert the laws of nature
before they can come successful out of the ter-
rible agitation against their political power and
their property, which their folly, injustice, and
mad ambition have provoked.

The Madrid Journals of the 21st instant have
come to hand, but their contents are of no poli-
tical importittce. M. SALVANDY still declined
being presented to the REGENT.
The Funds hat on the 21st undergone a slight improve.
merit, the last bargains done being at 32-i a 33 for cash,
331. at sixty days, and about 135,000/. sterling was the
equivalent amount of the operations done.

_n the comments of the Paris Journals of
Tuesday upon the KING'S Speech at the opening
of the legislative session, we find ample indica-
tions of the folly and the madness of the war of
extermination proclaimed against the Pre:3B by
the Court of Peexs. These comments axe so
written as to defy a Star Chamber prosecution,
and yet the majority of them are levelled a t the
Government and the KiNci with a force and a di.
rectness unknown in the Political discus sions

tutions and more open trade, is founded on ex-
tensive experience, influencing the hearts and
minds of men. It confirms the assertion that
such popular instincts are more to be relied
on, for every Government must conform to
them, than what are called scientific theories
of government, which involve hostility to
the people, and can only be maintained by re-
straint and coercion. M. GUIZOT, therefore, and
his friends, would do well, in our opinion, to over-
haul their theories, and, instead of forcing the
monarchical institutions of France towards des-
potism, to temper them with republicanism, and
so reconcile the power of the Throne with the li-
berties of the people.
We have a stronger motive for making these
reflections than any expectation that they
will influence the conduct of M. GuizoT. Our
Tories share his error, and would fain make
society swallow their injurious nostrums. They
are continually at work to harden our institutions
into despotism. They bawl with one discordant
throat for coercion to enforce submission to bad
and barbarous laws. They aim at Imperial rule.
They would exact for a PEEL, supported by his
motley crew of monopolists, the reverence which
was voluntarily paid to a BONAPARTE at the head
of his legions, though they can neither endow
the blind, shuffling gin-horse of a politician'
with the talents of a great man, nor invest his
selfish CALIBAN followers with the attributes of
a victorious soldiery. They demand for a mer-
cenary aristocracy and a selfish priesthood the
consideration which is due alone to self-sacrificing
patriotism. The people do not agree with the
Tories ; the Press questions the utility of the laws
which the aristocracy have passed to enrich
themselves, and stigmatisetobedience to such
laws as a co-partnery in crime. The Tories,
therefore, like the mistaken M. GUIZOT, demand
rigorous laws to put down what they call the bad
opinions of the bad Press, and they would, if

i which take place in this country. A Government
which admits of the right of free political dis-
cussion, and after the abolition of the censorship
places itself in direct hostility to the Press, is
either mad, or doomed to sure and speedy de-
struction. If then there be wisdom in the
Chainber of Deputies, and any attachment to
the House of ORLEANS, it cannot too soon set
about the correction of the vagaries of the Court
of Peers. The functions of that most despicable
Court must be clearly defined, and if trial by
Jury is to exist in France its exercise must be
secured to all classes of offenders not charged
with the actual crime of high treason by the re-
peal of the infamous September Laws. But the
Government objects that it cannot obtain con-
victions from Juries for offences committed by
the Press. This is became it does not trust
w holly to the honesty of:Juries. While any
verdict but that of a Jury can ruin a Jour-
nalist, the sympathies of Juries will naturally
and necessarily be on the side of the Press. Be-
sides no case is referred to a Jury unless the Pro-
cureur-General give it as his opinion that it would
be ridiculous, and therefore would excite univer-
sal odium, to bring it before any other tribunal.
Unless the Monarchy place itself in harmony
with the Press before the close of the pre-
sent Session of the Chambers, either France
will shortly be in chains at the feet of Louis
PHILIPPE, or that Monarch and his family will
be petitioners to a foreign State for an asylum
.denied them within the limits of revolutionized
France. The monstrous doctrine of constructive
treason established by the verdict of the Peers in
the case of M. DUPOTY must at once, and for ever,
be declared infamous by the Legislature. Nothing
short of this can give security to the Press, or
persuade the nations of Europe that France is not
retrogading in all that gives stability to the insti-
tutions, and freedom to the thoughts, of a civilized
people. As for M. HEBERT, the vile tool of the
Court who propounded this doctrine of complicity
of treason, we regard him as a more dangerous
enemy of the KING than FIESCHI, PEPIN, ALI-
BAUD, or any of the vile assassins who, in the
course of his reign, have attempted his life. The
veriest BOURBON conspirator could not labour
more effectually to overthrow the ORLEANS dy-
nasty than the Procureur-General has done since
the commencement of the trial of QUENISSET and
his accomplices.
The election for the President's Chair took
place in the Chamber of Deputies on Tuesday
The following is the result:--
Deputies present 309
Majority required
Sauzet had • 193 votes.
Lamartine 64
Barrot 55

M. SAUZET was, therefore, to the great chagrin
of the Royalist poet, declared duly elected. But
it was supposed that this would not be the
only Ministerial triumph in the preliminary
arrangements, as the opponents of the Minis-
terial candidates for the Secretary of Questor-
ships were supposed to have no chance.
This is to be traced to the difference
of opinion between Count MOLE and M.
Limns, relative to the conviction of
M. DUPOTY. The Court was in favour of the
conviction, and prevailed upon many of the
" 221," of whom he is the leader, to vote with
the Government. M. TRIERS, in whose breast a
lingering recollection of the Journalist yet exists,
shrunk from the atrocity of declaring DUPOTY
guilty; and as the first duty of the Opposition
will be to denounce this sentence, the MOLE
party suddenly finds itself rowing in the same
boat with M. HEBERT and the Ministry.
The Moniteur of the 28th gives in its official part an
account of the opening of the Session.
The three Councils of Commerce, Manufactures, and
Agriculture met on Monday ; the Minister of Commerce
presided.
The whole of the sitting was taken up with the sugar
question ; all the systems already brought forward in
the sittings on Friday and Saturday had new and ardent
advocates, and the discussion being nearly exhausted, as
there was no reason to proceed to a vote, the sittinr, was
closed without adjournment to any certain day; only the
Minister announced that the subject of discussion at the
next meeting of the three Councils would be the question
relative to cattle. The Councils will, therefore, have to
discuss the question in their respective meetings.
We hope to be able to give to-morrow seine precise
information respecting the discussion in the three sittings
in which the. Councils treated the sugar question.
We see by a letter from Frankfort of the 24th, that
the Marquis de Chasseloup Labot has made but a very
short stay in that city.
The Marquis de Chasseloup Labot, Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the
King of the French to the German Confederation, after
having delivered his credentials to Baron Bulow, the
Representative of Prussia in the Diet, left our city to-day
to go direct to Paris, and take his seat in the Chamber
of Deputies, of which he is a Member, as Deputy for the
Department of the Lower Seine.
If the presence of a Minister Plenipotentiary at Frank-
fort is useless, why appoint one?—if it is useful, why
choose a Deputy who must neglect one portion of his
duties?—Commerce.

The National states that Baron J. de Rothschild has
been created a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour
by a Royal Ordonnance, dated 24th inst.

The Moniteur announces the translation of M. Dupont,
the Archbishop of Avignon, to the Archbishopric of
Bourges, and the nomination of M. Gignoux, Vicar-Ge-
neral of Beauvais, to be Bishop of that diocese.
The Dunkirk Journal states that Captain Granara, of
the Marie Louise, of that port, having rendered great
assistance to the Emma, of Dundee, Captain Young, in
November last, when in a distressed state off Cape Fi-
nisterre, on a voyage to Genoa, the underwriters of the
latter vessel have presented him with a magnificent silver
plateau, richly chased, and hearing an inscription com-
memorative of the circumstance.
The Courrier de Lyon announces the death of an in-
habitant of Vaise from a broken heart ; he had sustained
losses, from the inundations of 1840, to the amount of
100,000 E, but receiving only a very inadequate sum from
the indemnity fund, was compelled to relinquish all hope
of being able to rebuild his house, which had been
thrown down by the floods, and sell his estate. This had
preyed on his mind, and worried him till he died.
The personnel of the British Embassy in Paris is now
composed as follows :—His Excellency Lord Cowley,
Ambassador; Mr. 11. Lytton Bulwer, First Secretary of
Legation ; Mr. Turner, private secretary of Lord Cow-
ley ; Messrs. Greville, Howard, Heneage, M'lntosh, and
Jones, attaches. _

Prosecutions have been commenced against the Pilate
and the Haro of Caen for giving an account of a re-
cent sitting of the Court of Peers.
....

The Dulce Alexander of Wurtemberg has arrived at
he Tuileries from Brussels.

" Negotiations," says the Moniteur Parisien, " are
nearly brought to a close between the Directors of the
French and Belgian Post-offices, for the establishment
of estafettes, to receive at Cambrai the mails from Paris

for the Two Flanders, to convey them through Lille to
the first station at Courtrai, or any other that may here-
after be nearer the frontier of France, when the railroad
is finished, so that very shortly letters passing through
the post-office at Paris will be distributed in the two pro-
vinces of Flanders, nearly as soon as those for Brussels
are delivered in that capital.
BOURSE—Pants, TUESDAY, DEC. 28.

- , - - - - - -
I. list Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Pricy. Prior.
Fre.ich 5 per Cent? ll6 35 ... 116 45 ... 116 30 ... 116 45
3 per Cents. ex div. 78 20 -. 18 :..5 ... :8 15 ~. 78 25
Banc of trance
Latlitte dank I,ooof. Shares 10 250 ...1005 ...1002 50 ...1005
5,000 f. Stares 5025 ...5025 ...5025 ...5025
~..ivian ?sank
Belgian 5 per Cents.
5 i,er Cenu., 1840 10:334 ... 10334 ... 103% ... 103%
,p.insh Active 1:4% ... 24% ... 24,4 ... 1.4..4
Pa.si,. 5% ... 53(2 ... 534 ... %
Old Deferred
gfaDolitan
eorcugueses per Cents 2834 ... 28% ... 28% ... 2854
Bowan
RAILWAY SHARES.
St. Germain
Ver.assies, L.. 8. ............
It. B 330 ... 335 ... 330 ... 332 50
Rouen 457 50 ... 457 50 ... 457 50 ... 457 50
...dm • 5OO ... 505 ... 500 ... 205
Strasburg toßale, 223 75 .. 225 ... 223 75 ... 215

DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTERDAM, DEC. 28.
Money. Bibs.
Actual Debt, 254 per Cent
Ditto, ditto per cent.
99% lots

Ameit Syndic, 43; per cent 9l— 913,2
Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent. 7t; ;6%
Commercial Company, 4% per cent 155 155%
Ditto (1835 and 1837) 5 per cent. .....
Loan 1837, 5 per cent. 97% 92%
Exchange on London, One month l2 10
Twomonths ........• 11 27%
Hamburgh, One month 35 Ctiy.
Two months ......
Dutch Papers, Dec. 29.
BELCH A N MU NDS-13ausacti , lice. 27.
Actual Debt, 2t per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, S per C. n t IOI%
Loan cf Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent. 92%
• Jper Cent,
--- ... 714
________—_(B4o) lol7s
Loan of City, P. 32, 4 per Cent 1)0
Socletyet Commerce. 4%per Cent
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent.............
NationalSwiety. ........... ••••••••••••• —
Exchange on Louder, (short)
—.Brussels Papers, Dec. 27.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIENNA, DEC. 21.

Thirty.s¢ven•

,
ftveper Costs. Dietalliques
Four per Cents. 995i
Three pir Cents.
1612
sank shares ...... .... .. ...... ........ ............ .
—Alfgemeine Zeitung, Dec. 24.

We have published from an Edinburgh Jour-
nal a curious circular, lately issued by a Select
Committee of Non-Intrusionists. This violent
party in the Kirk, finding it necessary to delude
the people, and induce them to go along with
them in their schemes of aggrandising the ‘ir own
order at the expense of public liberty, have rermed

a plan for a " Holy Association." This body is
to levy money from the people ; prepare mess
sures for resisting every Government
not suitable to their views; agitate the cou,
try from one end to the other, by means o,
tracts, conferences, and lectures; and have paid
agents for carrying their secret machinations into
effect. If this does not open the eyes of the
people of Scotland, they 'deserve to be slaves.
We have, however, better hopes of their inde-
pendence and good sense. One part of this cir-
cular affords great cause of rejoicing, because it
puts the fact beyond doubt that the Government
will not yield. • The Strathbogie ministers
must be restored, and if any measure
at all is introduced into Parliament, it
will be one which the members of this " Holy
Association" will resist to the last. They are
evidently prepared for Sir Robert Peel's plan.
We shall then see whether the General As-
sembly or Parliament is the strongest party.

plan

COItONERSHIP OF CHESHIRE.-At the final
close A. Churton, Esq., had a majority over Mr.
John Wood Massey of 170.
REFORM CLUB.—A magnificent marble bust
of her Majesty the Queen, the production of
Francis, has just been presented to the Reform
Club by Sir BPrijamin Hall, Bart., M.P. It is
placed in a most advantageous situation in the
grand hall of the Club-house. This handsome
present has been designed to commemorate the
birth of his Royal Highness the Prince of
Wales ; and, we doubt not, the example of this
truly loyal and liberal-minded Cambrian will be
followed by many on being generally known.

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IS UPON HER
TRIAL.—So say the Tory papers. The truth,
however is, that she has been upon her trial for
upwards of two centuries, and has been found
guilty of inefficiency, want of Christianity, and
rapacity. Any sentence pronounced on her at
Oxford, will only be the parental condemnation
of a vagabond whom the Magistrates have
doomed to destruction.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CIIY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, DEC. 29.—We have
had a good business doing in the Cotton Market to-day,
the sales being 6,000 bales, of which speculators have
taken 700. Prices are firm.

LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, DEC. 29.—The tran-
sactions comprise—Eastern Counties, 8/. 16s. 3d. ;
Grand Junction, 196 ; Great Western, 861 ; Lancaster
and Preston Junction, 274 ; London and Birmingham
Quarter Shares, 23/ ; Ditto, New Shares, 281.
[MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC. 29.—We have
no alteration in the Share Market, and prices are firm.
The following are to-day's transactions :—Liverpool and
Manchester, Halves, 92 ; Manchester and Birmingham,
28 ; South Eastern and Dover, 21:1 ; Ditto, New, 91;
Manchester and Leeds, Quarters, 3/. 17s. ; Bank of
Manchester, 41.