The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY .EVENING. OCTOBER 15 1849

by England, without a dereliction of their high duties,
or without a depreciation of their character for
generosity ? Is it seemly, to say the very least of it,
to witness the continued reception of the Austrian
Ambassador at the Court of the Queen of ENGLAND,
knowing that he is the representative of the Woman-
Flogger, FRANCIS JOSEPH', and the agent of a
Cabinet steeped in the blood of wholesale murder and
general desolation ? Any connivance in these in-
famous proceedings on the part of our rulers would
not only redound to their discredit with posterity,
but would provoke the indignation of their contem-
poraries. We cannot, therefore, but believe that the
immense and beneficent influence of Great Britain
will be employed to allay the ferocity of Austria
in her conduct towards the heroic but unfortunate
Hungarians. Events have armed our Government
with the right to such an interposition; for
it cannot be forgotten that Austria was entirely de-
feated by Hungary, that Hungary was only overcome
in her majestic struggle on the calling in of the hordes
of Russia, and even then that the fall of the Magyars
was only effected through the instrumentality of the
most execrable treason. Such being the case Eng-
land, we maintain, is as fully empowered to demand
the diminution of the Austrian cruelties as Turkey
was authorised to reject the ultimatnm of extradition.
In both instances, moreover, the plea is identical—the
sacred and persuasive plea of humanity. Nor should
the requisite remonstrance of her Britannic MAJE3TT'S
Government be so long retarded that but few more
victims will remain to be shielded from execution•
For the sake, then, of humanity, for the sake of Hun-
gary, for the sake of Austria herself, for the honour
of England, we trust that the arm of the British Go-
vernment will be at once extended in protection over
the Magyars, and that its voice will be directed in
reproach to the councils of the revengeful Cabinet at
Schoenbrunn.

The experience of the country, for a long series of
years, has proved beyond the possibility of doubt,
that national distress or prosperity chiefly depends on
the amount of the circulating medium in actual use.
If that amount be adequate to its wants and exigen
cies, sufficient to keep the industrious classes in full
and remunerative employment, there will be found on
every side content and happiness. If, on the other
hind, it be unduly reduced, there will be general dis-
tress and difficulty. LOCKE, in his admirable consi-
derations on money, has distinctly pointed out the
disastrous results that must inevitably follow a serious
diminution in the amount, and a consequent increase
in the value of money. The nature and amount of
every contract entered into will be totally altered ;
debtors will have to pay far more than
was calculated on, when their liabilities were
incurred; rents must necessarily fall—" a less
quantity of money being to be distributed amongst an
equal number of receivers." There will be universal
discontent and dissatisfaction, for " people not
perceiving the money to be gone, are apt to be jealous
one of another, and each suspecting another's in-
equality of gain, to rob him of his share. Every
one will be employing his skill and power the best he
can to re'rieve it again, and to bring money into his
pocket the same as formerly. But this is but
scrambling amongst ourselves, and heli:s no more
against our want than the pulling of a short coverlet
will amongst children that lie together preserve them
all from cold. Some will starve unless the father of
the family provide better and enlarge the scanty
covering." The truth of this masterly view
has long been fully established. In England
it is ascertained that whenever the Bank
of England notes in the hands of the public amount to
20,000,0001. or upwards, there is almost universal
prosperity, which gradually disappears as the amount
is reduced, until, when it declines to 16,000,0001., the
former prosperity is replaced by intolerable distress.
The condition of the population is, therefore, found to
depend on an increase or decrease of 10 per cent. on
the amount of circulation, taking the average at
18,000,000/. ; 6r, in other words, a reduction of 20
per cent. will alter the whole state of the country,
from the greatest prosperity and happiness, to poverty,
distress, and destitution.

Long since we applied the foregoing facts to the
condition of our sister kingdom, we pointcd out too roar_
ful consequences of a reduction of nearly 2,000,0001.
sterling out of a fixed issue of 6,354,494/. only, or
about 30 per cent. on the entire amount of circulation,
and we asked if England, with its complicated and
ingenious system of bills of exchange, bankers'
cheques, &c., &c., by which the amount of money
necessary for the transaction of business is so ma-
terially economised, and also with a large amount of
gold in circulation, suffers so deeply from a reduction
of 20 per cent. in the amount of notes in circulation,
what must be the result in unhappy Ireland, in which
there are comparatively no such appliances to econo-
mise the currency, and in which there is practically
no circulation of gold ? ihe melancholy condition
of all classes in that unhappy land—an embarrassed
and insolvent gentry, a destitute and starving
population—the vast natural resources of the
country remaining neglected and uncared for —the
fields remaining barren and unproductive, or, at least,
not more than half cultivated—the mines unwrought,
the waste lands unreclaimed—the deep sea and coast
fisheries scarcely carried on, while the bays and har-
bours teemed with fish—afford gloomy but sufficient
responses to our interrogatory. The diminution of
money indicated the state of collapse into which the
nation had fallen, but its inadequacy to theexigencies
of the country precluded the national regeneration and
rendered it impossible for the people to emerge from
their embarrassments and difficulties.

Since that period the drain has gone steadily on.
Half a million sterling has been with-
drawn from circulation, in addition to the
previous reduction ; and at this moment,
"the amount of money circulating in Ireland—un-
derstanding by money not only gold and silver coin,
but all the paper representatives that, in the ordinary
transactions of life, supply its place—is less, by one
half, than it was thirty months ago" Such is the
.statement of our talented contemporary, the Dublin
University Magazine, in its opening paper for the
present month ; and we regret to say that the Irish
national periodical adduces incontrovertible proofs,
drawn from public documents, of the truth and accu-
racy of its assertion. It demands " the serious atten-
tion of every person who has an interest in Ireland's
present or future prosperity to the gloomy and most
disheartening details," and the subject is indeed of a
character that must command respect. The facts being
established, as they are beyond the possibility of doubt
or cavil, it is for the Government to say what can be
done for Ireland in the present most pressing emer-
gency ? What can we do for the regeneration of
that unhappy land, and for the preservation of that
warm-hearted and much wronged people ?

The returns of the several banks of issue in Ireland
on the 28th day of March, 1846, show that at that
period the total issue of notes by all the banks
amounted to 7,444,9601., and that the total specie
held at the same time was 2,568,1581. Of these
amounts the notes of the denomination of 51, and
upwards, were 3,071,5891.; those under 51., 4,373,3711;
gold coin held, 2,426,022/. ; and silver coin, 322,131/. ;
and the amount was still increasing, for on the 25th
April, 1846, the total notes issued amounted to no
less than 7,536,3231. What a lamentable con-
trast is exhibited in the returns up to
and for the Bth of September last, on
which day we find that the total issue of notes by
all the Irish banks only reached the sum of
3,811,4451., and the gold and silver coin
at the same date held by the various establishments,
was 1,635,0171. On a closer inspection it will be
found that the notes of the denomination of 51. and
upwards, were 2,042,1201., while those under 51.,
that constitute the currency of the middle and indus-
trious classes, and which are essential to their welfare
and prosperity, have been reduced to 1,769,322/.
The proportion of silver in the banks has increased
enormously during the same period. It is now no
less than 640,0001., the greater portion of which has
been abstracted from the circulation of the country,
so that it is now a work of considerable difficulty in
many of the country towns to obtain change for a
pound note, absolutely impossible to get silver for 101.
Our talented contemporary justly remarks that "the
diminution in the smaller amounts of the currency in-
dicates the almost inevitable decline of all those
)perations by which industry is set in motion, or in
which the industrious classes receive their reward.
Can any difficulty or doubt, then, remain as to the
real causes of the depressed condition of agriculture—
of the unhappy differences between landlords and

tenants—and of the wide-spread and organized con-
spiracy among the occupiers to abstract the entire
produce of the land, and to leave nothing to satisfy
the demands of the landlord or the claims of the rate-
collector ? A portion of it is undoubtedly ascribable
to the defective state of the law of landlord and tenant,
to which we have repeatedly adverted, but a still
greater portion is attributable to the unnatural con-
traction of the circulating medium, more especially of
the smaller denominations of currency. The observa-
tions of LOCKE which we have above extracted
fully explain the state of the case. " Some will
starve unless the father of the family provide better
and enlarge the scanty covering." This is, indeed,
the truth. It affords a prophetic warning of the state
and condition of Ireland at this moment. Had the
great philosopher been an eye-witness of the suffer-
ings of the people—had he traced the exciting causes
to their very source and origin, he could not have
placed them in a clearer light. The remedy, the
only remedy for the disease, is that " the scanty
covering should be speedily enlarged"—that adequate
measures should be adopted to increase the circulation
more especially of the smaller denominations of notes,
so that the dormant energies of the nation may be
excited into activity, and its natural capabilities fully
and completely developed.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday.
The Committee of the National Assembly, to which
the consideration of the proposition for the payment
of the dowry of the Duchess of ORLEANS was
referred, has reported in favour of the payment of
the dowry.
The trial of HUBER was brought to a conclusion on
Friday. The jury returned a verdict of " Guilty,"
and he was sentenced to transportation.
The trial of the accused of the ~,,,n-menced
menced on Saturday morning; it was considered
probable that it might last for a month.
The Ryorrne publishes the following declaration
from the accused of the 13th June assembled in
London :

" The trial of the affair of the 13th June is soon
about to open at Versailles, and the public prosecutor
has summoned us to appear before his high Court.
Not wishing to enter prematurely into a discussion
which does not belong to us alone, the following is
our reply in a few words and the summary of our
motives. We will not, we ought not, to surrender our-
selves to the trial of the 10th October.-1. Because
we cannot accept as accusers those, or the servants of
those whom we have denounced to the country as har-
ing violated the Constitution in assassinating the Roman
Republic; those whom we have declared as fallen, and
whom we have put out of the pale of the law for a fla-
grant act of high treason.-2. Because we cannot accept
as legitimate judges magistrates of exception and of
circumstance, invested with a sovereign judicial power in
virtue of a violated constitution, and on the appeal and
convocation of the violators themselves.— 3. Because we
are deeply convinced that by placing ourselves in the
hands of our enemies we should fall into a judicial snare.
Toe Government, in fact, would not allow any one to
plead, and to prove that it had violated the Constitution;
it could not allow any t,no to prove its crime. Our
defence would not be, therefore, possible, but on the
material facts of the 13th Juno—facts accomplished by
us in the full measure of our rights, in the order of
our duties, and on which we could not consent to
justify ourselves any more than to defend ourselves.--'-
4. Because it appears to us contrary to the interest
of our party, which is that of Republican Europe, to
deliver up our arms, arid to bury our efforts and our pro-
pagandism in the citadels of the counter-revolution, or
to render them fruitless by exiling them beyond sea, and
that when the French Republic—every people being
under the yoke—would have soon to fight its last battle
against traitors at home and the Cossacks abroad.
Would Mazsini, Bern, Kossuth, and Garibaldi be more
formidable to Austria, at the bottom of her dungeons,
than in a foreign land, where their liberty would pre-
pare them for future action? Such are the motives
which command us not to surrender ourselves; not to
offer ourselves as a trophy to our enemies. Would they
not be too happy, after having gagged us, to again scum,
as they call it, the revolution, and to enter into a con-
tract over our bodies, with old Eurape, which can only
sleep to the rattle of chains? We have been told that
our resolution would be calumniated—that it would be
miscontrued. If that comes from our enemies, it con-
cerns us but little ; if from our friends, let them reflect
before they censure us. We tell them all that, if it
should ever happen to them to be thrown into exile
after performing a great duty, their liberty will not
appear to us a privilege, and we will not accuse them
of happiness.
(Signed) " LEDRU ROLLIN, ETIENNE ARAGO,
MARTIN BERNARD, LANDOLPHE,
RATTIER, CH.RIBEYROLLES.
ED. MADIER DR MONLTAII, JUN."
The Came journal publishes a letter dated
" Canton of Vaud, Oct. 9.
" We were of a different opinion to that of our friends
in London and Paris on the question as to whether we
should be present at the trial of the 10th of October.
We thought it was important to the Republican cause
that all those who participated in the administration
should go and say before the country, on the 10th of
October, what they said on the 15th of June—that the
Government had violated the Constitution. But, as
party men, and by a spirit of discipline, we must, as a
minority, submit to the opinion of the majority; we
shall not, therefore, appear at the trial.
(Signed) "FELIX PYAT, BOICHOT,
AvRIL, JANNOT,
ROLLAND, ERNEST COURDEROY."
It was rumoured in Paris that General ROSTOLAN
and M. DE COURCELLES had resigned.
Colonel LEBLANC arrived from Rome on Saturday
with dispatches for the Government.
The Patric of Friday evening says—" Lord Non-
MANDY and Lord BROUGHAM went this morning to
the Elysee and had a conference with the PRESIDENT
of the Republic. We have reason to believe that the
Russian and Austrian question was the subject of
this conference."

On the same evening Lord BROUGHAM dined with
the Marquis of NORMANBY at the British Embassy;
all the Foreign Ministers, except those of Austria and
Sardinia, were present. An animated discussion of
the
.extradition question took place between Lord
BROUGHAM and KissELErr. On the latter asserting
that all the noise in England was made by the " Li-
beral press," his Lordship assured the Russian Minis-
ter that Whig and Tory, Lord ABERDEEN and Sir
ROBERT PEEL, were united as one man upon the
question, and resolved to support Turkey. This
silenced KISSELEFE, who abstained from pronouncing
another word on politics.
The following circular has been addressed by the
Prefect of Police to tie different Commissaries of
Police, relative to the removal of the emblems of some
associations of workmen :

" Sir,—The majority of the establishments opened by
the associations of workmen have ostensibly placed on
their signs triangular levels. This emblem, adopted by
the Socialist party, in addition to awakening sad remi-
niscences and inspiring uneasiness in the minds of the
peaceful part of the people, is not recognised by the Go-
vernment of the Republic, and consequently has a sedi-
tious character. I, therefore, request you to conform
yourself to my circular of 10th February last, and to
adopt every necessary measure to cause the proprietors
or managers of those establishments to immediately re-
move these emblems from every signboard or front of
the houses which come within your district. If your
orders are not attended to, you will state the contraven-
tion in a prods verbal, addressed to me without delay, in
order that I may adopt the necessary means to enforce
them. You will do well in all cases to render me an
account in a general report of the result of your mission,
and of its consequences with regard to public feeling."
The Gazette de France publishes the following
letter from the Count DE CHAMBORD, addressed to the
eldest son of the Abbi GENOUDIS, the late editor of
that journal, in reply to a letter of that gentleman,
announcing the death of his father :
"I deeply feel, Monsieur, the painful and unexpected
blow which has taken from you him whose loss you de-
plore. I have constantly done full justice to the firmness
of his character, to his talent, and to his indefatigable
zeal in the defence of those great principles on which
the repose and happiness of our country essentially de-
pend. I have only regretted to bo obliged, on several
occasions, to express my disapprobation of what in his
political course, might be—though certainly against his
will—of a dangerous tendency, and which had the effect
of weakening us by causing divisions. But Ido not the
less preserve the remembrance of his inviolable fidelity
to the sacred cause which we ull serve, and which is that
of France. Heirs of his name, and of his sentiments, his
sons will continuo to show themselves worthy of him,
and I shall always rely on their devotedness as I relied
on his. Be, therefore, on this mournful occasion, the
organ of my sentiments to your brothers and to all your
family, and receive the assurance of my sincere affection.

" Hamay."
The Five per Cents. were done yesterday in the Pas-
sage de l'Ofica at 82f. 35c.
BUSINESS DONE Fri FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, Oar. 13.
Anglo Italian (late Italian and Austrian), 14—Boulogne
and Amiens, s%—Luxembourg, I.3i—Rouen and Havre, 9%
--Sambre and Meuse, 11k.

SPAIN.
Madrid journals of the 7th have been received.
The Gageta publishes the following decree convoking
the Cortes for the 30th inst.:—

possessions ; 15 reels from foreign counties of which
it is the produce ; and 40 reals from foregn countries
which do not produce it. The cotton employed in
the manufactures comes under the secod head, and,
therefore, has to pay 15 reals (3s) per 1001bs.
weight ; but this is when imported in a Spanish
ship; in a foreign vessel it ..All have to
pay 20 reals more per quintal, the duties on the
three classes above mentioned beingrespectively 25,
35, and 60 reals per quarter under a foreign flag.
This re-charge on the foreign flag is considerably
higher than it was before, the duties under the
Spanish flag being nearly the same, The whole of
the difference goes to the Spanish shipowner, and
the effect is equivalent to levying a tax of 35 reels
per quintal on the raw cotton used by the Catalan
manufacturer. But there is another charge yet to
be paid on it, the " derechos de &nsumo," of which
no mention is made in the Gazette, but which in the
previous tariff was generally fro!, 30 to 50 per cent.
on the Customs duties. The whole charges on raw
cotton amount to a duty of ten per cent. ad valorem, so
that while protection is given to the manufacturer
on the one hand, he is made on the other to pay a
heavy tax on his primary material for the benefit of
the shipowner.
The Bolsa was closed on the 7th.

The Statuto of Florence states from Rome of the
4th, that the French troops, notwitstanding their com-
plaints, had not been able to obtain comfortable lodg-
ings from the Papal Government in certain convents,
and that a French officer at the head of a party of
soldiers, gave great offence two days before by having
recourse to force in the Dominican convent at the
Minerva, in order to obtain better accommodation. _

It would appear from the following paragraph,
which :appears in the Paris Ordre, that the Pore is
not a free agent, but is the prisoner of Austria and
Russia, the King of NAPLES acting as gaoler. The
Ordre says—
" A letter from Naples, of the 4th instant, informs us
that the Pope is rather embarrassed with the honours
paid to him at Portici. One day that he had gone out
alone to visit a convent, the commander of the guard
attached to his person got on horseback, and complained
that the Holy Father had not informed him of his going
out. Pius IX. could not help complaining of this kind
of surveillance. No stranger can visit him without
being subjected to very annoying police regulations."
The King of NAPLES, acting under Russian in-
structions, is violating every pledge he gave ; arrests
take place in Naples every day of persons who had
returned on the faith of the published amnesty. That
amnesty it now turns out was a mere snare, a delibe-
rate fraud on the part of the Neapolitan Bourbon, to
enable him to get those securely into his power, on
whom, for eighteen months past, he has been longing
to wreak his vengeance.
The French Journal des Dgbats, a journal cer-
tainly not prejudiced against the Bourbon King of
NAPLES, thus describes the state of the capital :
" The arrival at Civita-Veechia, Genoa, and Mar-
seilles, of several persons banished by the Neapolitan
Government, or flying persecution and prison, had given
birth to rumours of a revolution at Naples. The fugi-
tives, in announcing a re-action against the old constitu-
tional party, believed that they could predict that the
severities of the Neapolitan Government. would soon
produce a rising of the people. From that point, the
realisation of the fact was jumped to without other in..
formation. We can now state, on the authority of

letters from Naples of the 3d inst., that everything was
then tranquil in that city, and that nothing appeared to
announce the probability of any disturbance ; but
it seems also certain that some disquietude
prevailed in consequence of the rigorous measures
adopted by the Government against the liberal
party. The following is a first list of persons condemned
to exile:—MM. Lanza, a celebrated physician of Naples
and his son; Mancini, ex-deputy; Pisanolli, ex-
deputy; Francisco Ruggiero, ex-Minister of Finance;
Conforti, ex-Minister of the Interior; Prince de Frasso;
the Duke Donato de San Biase; and Giordano, architect
and professor of mathematics, ex-deputy. They landed
at Genoa on the sth, and were to be followed by many
other fugitives of note. In edition it was announced
that several ex-deputies had been arrested, amongst
whom wero named MM. Scialoia, Marina, Avossa,
Centona, de Luca, and tho two brothers Gaetan and
Andre Zir, cousins of Dragonetti. Another version
declares that the individuals named above as banished,
had been about to bo thrown into prison, but
had been able to take refuge in time on boari the
French packet. It is to be remarked that the ex-
Minister Ruggiero, does not belong to the same po-
litical party as his companions in misfortune, having
formed part of the Bozelli Ministry, called by the
liberals a reactionary Cabinet. It was under that
Ministry that burst out the revolt of May 15, 1848, at
Naples—a revolt of the ultra-democrats against the
regime of the Constitutional Monarchy, which was
scarcely beginning to act. The Ministry was bound to
put down that insurrection, and we cannot explain how
M. Ruggiero is at present proscribed by his Govern-
ment. However that may be, the services which he had
rendered at Naples to the cause of order recently called
forth a manifestation against him on the part of the
Maieeinians at Civita-Vecchia, where the packet put in.
Scarcely had they learned that Ruggiero had alighted at
the ina of Orlandini, than they stirred up the people, utter-
ing dreadful menaces. The intervention of the French
authorities, and of a detachment of the garrison, were re-
quired to enable M. Ruggiero to re-embark in safety.
The Neapolitan Ministry, which General Filangieri,
Governor of Sicily, has refused to join, is at present
directed by M. Fortunato, who alone holds throe port-
folios. A system of rigour and reaction has all at once
been displayed; whether it be that the Government has
the idea of completely abolishing the Constitutional
Charter and the representative system, or in order to
enforce it safely, it desires first to get rid of the ultra
party. The fact is, that intimidation is the order of the
day. It is said that the Government is about to resume
the judicial proeeedings relative to the troubles of 1848,
that the King is about to withdraw to the fortress of
Gaeta, that Naples is to be placed in a state of siege, and
that the tribunals are about to act severely against per-
sons suspected or compromised.
The Piedmontese Gazette of the 9th states that
Count P.aaLoarto, Minister Plenipotentiary of Sar-
dinia to the French Republic, has left Turin for Paris.
The elections for the Municipality of Turin have taken
place, and most of the couucillors have been re-elected
The rentes lately created by the Chambers had been
negotiated at 22, and have risen to 86. ROTHS-
CHILD has taken 36 millions; capitalists of Turin
have taken 6 millions, and 4 millions have been sold
at Genoa.

In the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies of Turin
of the Bth, MM. DESPINE, CAnELLA, and other depu-
ties, severely censured the Minister of Finance, for
having., as they said, taken no measures
for allowing the provinces to have their share
i n the loan, as all the rentes reserved for Turin had

been sold before the provinces could send their orders.
Minister NIGRA replied that he had no alternative,
that the contract limited the days of emission to six,
and that the operation had been extremely advanta-
geous to the State, and enabled him to meet all diffi-
culties. He begged the Chamber would suspend its
opinion till he had presented his account of the opera-
tion. M. RossELINI then moved an order of the day,
implying a censure on Ministers ; but M. PESCATORE
proposed another order of the day, worded as follows :
—" The Chamber, judging it expedient to defer its
judgment on the sale of the renter in question, till
the whole operation of the Minister is explained,
passes to the order of the day. The Minister of Fi-
nance accepted this wording, and the order of the day
was adopted.

The itiforma of Lucca of the 6th states that the
treaty for the Tuscan loan has been concluded, and
twenty-five days allowed for the ratification, but
that fears were entertained that it would not be
ratified.
The Corriere Mercantile of the Bth announces the
arrival at Genoa of General PEPE, from Malta.
By a decree of the 3d, the linperial Commissioner
MONTECUCCOLT, at Milan, allows the exportation of
corn, maize, and flour, which had been suspended
by a decree of the 13th of February, 1847.
The Messagero of Modena, of the 3d, officially
announces that, the Grand Duke of TUSCANY having
given up all pretentions incompatible with the rights
of the Duke of Monara, amicable relations have been

recommenced between the two Governments.

The Costituzionale of Florence quotes private cor-
respondence from Leghorn, stating that five English
Protestant Propagandists have landed at Leghorn,
and inundated the town with DIODATI'S translation
of the Bible. It appears that Protestantism is making
great progress among the country people, where the
Propaganda displays the greatest activity; but that
equal activity is displayed on the side of the Jesuit
party, who have imported loads of Father Cußces
pamphlets against GIOBERTI and Italy.
One of the last acts of the Municipality of Venice,
previous to the surrender of the city to the Austrians,
was to present the following address to General
PEPS :

" Venice, which has ever shared with you her
privations and her sacrifices, considers you always as
a brother and as a friend.

" She has ever acknowledged that the active and
powerful interest you have devoted to her on all
occasions has been equal to your noble designs.
You have always sustained and consoled her with a
devotion felt only for a beloved country. You
have ever acted towards her with a generosity un•
equalled.
" Venice has, therefore, devoted to you the most
sincere and profound gratitude. •
"In these last moments, when the heart painfully
seeks to relieve itself by the expression of its feelings,
permit, General, the representatives of Venice, the
faithful expression of the devotion of the whole city,
to show her affection and her heartfelt wishes for
that happiness to accompany you which you so de-
servedly merit."
To this the General replied as follows :
" Representatives of the kluaicipality of Venice,—
From my childhood, in consulting the annals of Venice,
I endeavoured to compare and even to find them superior
to those of Greece and Rome. In later times, finding
myself at the head of an army, seeing the danger of the
city which had always been the object of my admiration,

I did not hesitate to cross the Po and to come to its
succour, with a handful of men, who from love of glory
ar.d of their country have dared to defy the misery of
exile. During the 15 months that I had the honour to
131 intrusted with the defence of the estuary, I could not
but perceive that misfortunes had not changed the cha-
racter of the Venetians.

"In short, it is not to the superior forces of a great
empire, or to a formidable artillery which has carried
ruin into two-thirds of the city, or to the ravages of
cholera, but solely to hunger and to the want of provi-
sions that the cessation of hostilities is owing.
" And this resistance is not only to be attributed to the
desperate courage of its brave garrison, but to the sacri-
fices and constancy of its admirable people.
"To so many virtues, that of a rare courtesy must he
added; and of this your address of this day to me,
Gentlemen, is an honourable proof, but at the same time
a most painful one. Yes, since you call me by the name
of Brother and Friend, such I shall ever be to every
Venetian as long as I have life. For generous men,
such as you,:.my constant misfortunes will only be a
stronger reason to appreciate my deep affection.
" GIIGLIELMO PEPE."

THE EXPLOSION AND LOSS OF LIFE IN Milli.-
MONDSEY.—Nothing new has transpired to-day with
respect to the awful explosion and loss of life in Brook-
street, Bermondsey. The parties injured, who are at
inquest
Guy's Hospital, are going on favourably. The
on the two adults and the two children, who were un-
fortunately killed by the explosion, was expected to take
place to-day, but the warrant of Mr. Carter. the Co-
roner, has fixed it for to-morrow.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
_ CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.

The Cotton Market at Liverpool on Saturday was
again very brisk, the sales being 25,000 bales, including
10,000 on speculation. Prices were stiff, with an ad-
vancing tendency. The sales comprised 12,000 Ameri-
can, at 5i3. to 7d.; 5,000 Pernam, at 61d. to 61d.; 1,000
Bahia, at 64d. to 64d.; 7,200 Egyptian, at 64d. to 71d.;
500 Surat, at 4} I. to 44d.; and 50 Sea Island, at Ild. to
110. per lb.—ltailway Shares were dull at lower quo-
tations.
The Corn Market is firmer to-day, and wheat is rp
about Is. to 2s. per quarter.
The accounts delivered this morning from the United
States are not of much interest, and we are in hourly
expectation of later advices by the regular steamer.
The political intelligence is regarded as favourable, and
the Nicaragua dispute is likely to pass off almost with-
out further comment.
The Hamburgh advices of Friday last state that not
much had been done in exchanges. The Funds were
firm. The quotation for bills on London was 13 104,
and gold at 437. The advices upon the state of trade
in the principal towns are upon the whole favourable.
The following is a report of the iron interest, as re-
ceived from Birmingham to-day:—
" The quarterly meetings just concluded, were
throughout the week of a lifeless character. At Wol-
verhampton, on Wednesday. we observed an assemblage
of anxious faces, rather beyond the usual attendance ;
but it 'was evident that a very trifling business—and that
with diflculty, was transacted. The confidence of the
trade does not seem to have been much assisted by the
late continuous account of increasing exports. That
they should have exceeded those of the previous year,
under existing circumstances, affords no criterion of
returning prosperity, and every day experience proves
that large sales may be made with other objects in view
than that of realizing large profits. It is from the
still remaining symptoms of over production, not-
withstanding the recent serious contraction of operations,
by which so large a field of employment for the labour
of the district has been lost, and from the absence of
any probable stimulant to the restoration of remunera-
tive prices, that the impressions of the week seem to
have been furnished. On Thursday the attendance
in our Town - hall, though considerable, was
not so numerous as upon former similar oc
casions ; and the absence of some of the re-
presentatives of London houses, and other dealers,
was remarked. In rnanuractured iron few sales were
made, buyers being very shy, and expecting much
lower quotations than sellers are in a position to oiler.
Thn prices previously obtained were indeed pretty well
supported, and rarical little from those nominally ar-
ranged at the preliminary meeting, except for common
bars, which must be written at 51.155. No disposition was
manifested by makers or holders to press sales, or to
take largo contracts, ncr, on the other hand, by pur-
chasers to offer inducements. This unwillingness to do
business must be accounted for more from want of con-
fidence than from scarcity of means, as the settlement of
accounts was in general well met, and it is known
that in some instances orders were reserved.
" In Pig Iron, both on Thursday and on Saturday even-
ing, at Dudley, where the chief transactions in that
branch are usually negotiated, a very limited business
was done; although it is apparent that stocks of that
article in the hands of manufacturers are wearing
low, and, in a short time, under the present re-
stricted make, it must become more in request. The
average price of good Staffordshire pig seems to have
been about 60s. per ton. The sudden death of Mr.
William Ward, the highly respected proprietor of
Priestfield Works and Furnaces, from the prevailing
epidemic, formed a subject of deep regret on Saturday,
and contributed to restrain any exhibition of spirit.
The Shropshire ironmasters continued firm at their last
quarter's figures, and decline entering into any addi-
tional engagements.
" The disputes with the colliers as yet remains un-
settled, and we are sorry to have to re-
port that their mine getters seem now in-
clined to join in their unreasonable demands.
It is stated that in the neighbourhood of
Bilston and Wolverhampton, this class have given notice
that they require an advance of ninepence per day; but
there is not the slightest amelioration, either in the pre-
sent condition or prospects of the trade, to justify the
ironmasters in giving an increase of wages, and
the attempt will doubtless bo resisted by the most deci-
sive measures that can be adopted ; indeed it is considered
that it has been induced entirely by the weak and inju-
dicious concessions of the coalnsasters around Tipton
and Oldbury. Coals still command an easy sale and
good prices, and it seems probable they will maintain
that position throughout the winter. Ironstone is giving
way a little, and hollers are more desirous of selling on
account of stocks growing heavy. In limestone no alte-
ration has taken place."
A somewhat better tone I revails in the Stock Ex-
change, but we do not learn that, as yet, the dividend
payments have led to any decided increase of money
business. Consols have been 921 to 4; New Three-
and-a-Quarter per Cents. ex-dividend 921 to I. Bank
Stock is marked 1964 to 1974. Exchequer-bills have
been higher, viz, 435. to 465., and India Bonds 803. to
83s. premium. South Sea Stock is 1024.
In the Foreign Market there is more speculation.
Mexican Stock has been at an improvement to 27k 1,
owing to a report in the Stock Exchange that a large
amount of dollars been received for the dividends.
Peruvian Stock has been 531 to 534. Brazilian New
Bonds have been quoted 83. Portuguese Four
per Cents. have been marked 321 to 33. Spanish Five
per Cents. are 161. Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents.
have been about 53i to 54.
The Railway Share Market has been rather lower
again for the principal lines, and there are continued
sales of Midland, North-Western, York and North-
Midland, &c.

ONE O'CLOCK.

eT,lts or ItItTTISiI FUNDS
Bank Stock
3 per Cent. Reduced A,lns ... 90% 91
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 924 %
w 31.4 per Cent.
Long Anne. to expire Jan. 1860
Ditto, 30 years, Oct. 10, 1859
Ditto 30 years, Jan. 5, 1860 8 9-16
India Bonds, 1,0004
Ditto under 1,0001... go p
South Sea Stock

G
PRICES.
1964
914
924
92%
8 7-16
8 8-16
8%
83 p
80 p
1024

Consols for Account ..
92%
.;xchequer Bills. 11,ycl. & 2d *"--
1,000/. June 43 46 p 46 p
5001. Jane 43 46 p 46 p
Small. June 43 46 p 46 p
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS corm CLOSING
O'CLOCK. PRICES.

Brazilian Bonds
Ditto, Small
Ditto, New, 1829 and 1839
Danish 80nd5,1825,3 per Cent.
Ditto 5 per Cent.
Grenada Bonds, 1 per Cent.
Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1846, with Coupons—
Ditto, Ex Jan. Coupons ... ... .
Ditto, Account ... ............
Peruvian Bonds, 4 per Cent
Ditto, Account. 53141A 533/1
Ditto Deferred
Portuguese 3 per Cents.
Ditto, 4 per Cent.
Russian Bonds . ••• ---
Spanith 5 per Cent. 1840 1614
Ditto, Passive... •• —.l
Ditto. 3 per Cent
Venezue'a Bonds, 214 per Cent
Ditto Deferred
Dividends on the above payable in London.
PRICES OF PAID. BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RAILWAY SHARES. AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES,

32%
100/2
161/2
314
33%
24

Aberdeen 5O
Do. Preference
Amber. Nott., Boston,
and Eastern Junction 6
Ayrshire and Galloway.. 7%.....•
Belfast & County Down 26%...... _
Berks & Hants Extens.
(GLlVest. Per. 5 perct.) 6 -
Winningham and Ox-
fi rd Janet., calls duly
paid, or w ith a guaran. 20 —.
Do, withoutguarantee 20 ......
Birming, Wolverh'ton,
and anlley, calls duly
pd, or with guarantee 10 .....
Do. without guarantee 10 •
Birming.,Wolverh'pton,
and Stour Valley 131. 14s ...
Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire June.... 20
Boston, Stamfd & Birm. 71. 4s. ...
3ristol and Exeter 9O ... ..
Ditto, Thirds ..- 27% -
3 uckingharathire
Caledonian
Ditto, New 101. Pref... 10
Ditto,ClydesdaleJunc 50
Chester and Holyhead... 50
Ditto, Preference l5
Clarence
Do. Ist Class, 6 per Ct. 10
Do. 2d Class, 5 per Ct. 10
Do. Government Loan,
4 per Cent. ---
Direct London & Ports-
mouth
Dublin and Belfast June. 40 ......
Dundalk & Enniskillen 27% —
Fast Anglian, 251., L &
v-•
E and L. and D...... 25
t A -
• .
Do. 181., E. & 11.... 18
Do., 31. 105., Pref... 3%
Eastern Comities... ..... 20 ...... 7% 7.
Do. New, Gua.6 perct. 10 ...... 11
Ditto,Extension, 5 per
Cent., No.l 61.135. 4d.... p............
Ditto ditto, No. 2...61. 13s. 4d...
Do. North. & Eastern,
6 per Cent.
Ditto. 5 per Cent.... 50 -
Do. New -
Eastern Union, Class A
(late E. U. Shares) 25
. .

1214
7%

6
11

_p

Ditto, Class A, ditto.... 31,i —
Do., Class B (L & B.) 25
Ditto, Class C, ditto... 25 . ....
...
Do. Scrip (6 per cent.) 20 .....
East Lancashire
Ditto, New
Ditto, New Quarters 6A...••• ..
Do., 6 per Cent. Pre-
ference Quarters ... ,4 ......
East Lincolnshire ...... 25
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 ...„ .
Ditto, Half Shares ... 25 .. .. .......
Edinburgh and Northern 25
---
Ditto, Newport --
F.xeter.Yeovil, & Dorch 2sx, —
.....
.........
Exeter and Exmouth... 21s.
Glasgow, Dumfries, and
Carlisle
Glasgow,Kilmar., & Ayr 50 ......
Do. Preference Consol.
Great Northern
... .. -7 . .... .. • MP* n.....
7
Do., ),,2 A Deferred
Do., I,a B 6 per Cent.. 7%...... 414 4l
Do., 5 per Cent. Pref. 7%2 434%
.• •••• ••• ./
great South. and West.