The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EV41411/40, JANUARY 19, 111147.

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FRENCEI PLAYS.--Her Majesty and Prince Albert,
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I'HE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, JANUARY 19.
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 19; Highest, 32 ; Noon, 33,
BAROMETER, 30 :8 —WIND E., hazy.

'MOH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. TlllB DAY.
Vorning .. 21 minutes after 3. Evening .. 43 minutes after 3.

•
tractation to the two great reforMs—educationaPand
sanatory. he word._; spok9 by her MAJESTY Will
be listened to with avidity throughout the, country,
and the more su because of the remarkable nature of
th

Le present emergency, and because in these words
we have the first declaration of the kind issued by the
Russell Cabinet. It would be frivolous and even un-
gracious to deny that in all esscntial respects the
opening of the Parliament for the session of 1847 is
eotisolatory and propitious.

" Union is strength" is a maxim that has stood the
:est of ages, ani has acquired additional force with its

antiquity. A sound moral truth was conveyed in the
fable of "the bundle of sticks," and every day
affords us examples of the injurious effects of con-

roversy and disputes. Ireland has long exhibited
he sad effects of internal dissensions and mutual dis-
rusts. If any legislative attempt was made to im-

prove her condition, to elevate her social state, to
educate the masses, and prepare them for a better

position, it, was met with the most inveterate hostility
by her own children, save of that party which it was
supposed it would benefit. Every person who did
not enrol himself in some of the factions by which the
kingdom was disturbed was regarded as a common
enemy, against whom every hand should be raised.
" Those who are not with us are against us" was
universally felt, and the man who agreed with either
side in the majority of points, if he conscientiously
differed on any, was regarded with greater suspicion
and dislike than the thorough and unflinching op.

ponent. It was sufficient that a measure should
emanate from one of opposite political sentiments to
ensure its condemnation. It might bear the closest
examination, nothing injurious might be detected in
its provisions ; it might be calculated to remove an
universally admitted evil, or to attain some great
national object, but the support of the other party
was alone a fatal objection to its reception. Happily
that feeling has been gradually subsiding ; a complete

change has come over the scene within the last few
months% dire necessity has at length dissolved the pre-
judices and appeased the mutual animosities of all
classes, and has led to the formation of what has been
so long and so anxiously desired by the more moderate
Irishmen of "an Irish party." Already more than
seventy-five Peers and Members of Parliament have
given in their adhesion, and affixed their signatures, to
the resolutions to associate together for the purpose of

protecting and watching over Irish interests in the
Imperial Legislature. Men hitherto the most opposed
to each other are now, side by side, engaging them-

!selves to co-operate on behalf of their common
country, to fight her battles, to elevate her in the scale
of nations, to make Ireland indeed what she ought to
be. The sufferings of the country, the vast loss and
heavy expenditure that has taken place, will not he
without some good effect. Nothing ofless consequence
or less threatening aspect could have led to this happy
oblivion of former feuds. It is the great strength and
power of the common enemy menacing a common
ruin to all that alone could effect it. Sincerely do
we hope that the unioiNli friendship thus created
will not be dissolved oriredripination of the danger
that called it into existeriei4iiit: that the goo4,effe4s,
that will be found to reliirlAithe'refronwill cement and
bind together all in futtWbarinony and concord.
The resolutions candidlyconfess the grievous error
of which all parties haW,-liitherto been guilty ; the
subscribers acknowledge their fault and its injurious
consequences, and declare their firm determination no
longer to be guilty of such conduct. They state
"that they feel deepli'.-Convinced that their own
divisions have been the leading causes of. their own
misfortunes, and by weakening their influence in the
councils of the empire, have deprived them of their
share of the general prosperity, and that it is by
union alone that they qas repair the evils that dissen-
sion has created, and they acknowledge that the first
duty of every Irishmen is to devote his undivided
effort to the interests': of. Ireland, and that neither
politics, parties, nor tiersonal prejudices should in-
fluence his mind in the discharge of such a duty." It
is impossible not to augur favourably for a country
whose leading and mist influential sons are animated
by such feelings, if the motives that have led to the
formation of the party be duly and properly carried
out, if there be no attempt to abuse the great power
that must be placed iti`the hands of a party so united,
if it be not used for pirlioses other than those which
have called it into existence, so as to lead to the
formation of an opposing party; if it seek only that
which is equitable and j ust, a full and perfect equality"
for their country, and do not aim at the possession of
extraordinary advantages or privileges, they must
succeed. They will possess gigantic strength—they
must use that strength with caution and discrimina-
tion ; they must abstain from joint action on ques-
tions with which Ireland is wholly unconnected ;
they must not seek as a body to advance party
interests or party questions, to sustain or
pull down a Ministry, to elevate or depress
any particular class, 'or the professors of any
particular creed, but must confine themselves
to such questions as apply excluSively to Ireland, and
are calculated to raise the social, material, and moral
condition of her people, as expressed by the Repro.
ductive Committee in their resolution respecting the
Irish party. Let them-co-operate together to obtain
a perfect equality in every solid benefit, every im-
perial advantage, and every British right ; but there
let them pause. So far they can act with propriety
with justice—so far will their epffrtsasosthabte
boundary,
istence, and their own
btyheyevelryyill right-
inking their exertions approveeudyrthofer,
Ilrbye do
oe
Irish party. The
ott,akehnowaewyeary, fear
twhi
hostilelen they
combinationse my asn e,
ek but
anything w
ihuet nu et
xhf
and
which they have given up, or at
power and efficiency will ben
awnhyollysudeherouytteetpt
conflicting :nature of its elements, the differences of
religion and politics that exist among its members—
holy
several prejudices, forbid the
lt
eh
ae s
th os luys
pceanuds
eed
forth
supposition that they will apply their union to any
improper purpose. We repose unbounded confidence
in their honour and integrity. We wish them full
success in the objects for which they are associated,
and fervently pray that Ireland, happy and pros-
perous, may long have cause to laud and bless those
who gave up their own differences for the welfare
and advantage of their fatherland.

" Plague, pestilence, and famine"—such are the in-
flictions from which we pray to bo delivered. It would
be more appropriate, perhaps, to locate them thus—
Famine, plague, and pestilence, irasmuch as the last two
generally follow in the train of the first. But although
plague and pestilence are always consequences of famine,
pestilence. Filth is as
it by no means follows that famine should be invariably
the antecedent of plague and
potent a generator of disease as famine ; and, therefore,
it behoves us to guard against filth. One of the most
prolific sources of filth, and consequently of disease, is
the accumulation in large masses of putrid animal
matter, and nothing so tends to produce a magazine of
pestilence as the holding of large cattle markets and the
slaughtering of animals in large towns. Of all large
cattle markets, the market of Smithfield is the largest,
and as all cattle markets in towns are great nuisances, it
is, of consequence, of all existing nuisances the greatest
The committee of the House of Commons appointed to
consider the state of the Smithfield market reported,
" That the passing of live stock to and from Smithfield
is a nuisance to the inhabitants of the neighbourhood
and to the public at large, and that the present size and
arrangement of the market does not afford sufficient ac•
commodation, are propositions which your committee
are prepared to maintain; and that the site of a live-
stock market in a thickly-inhabited part of the metro-
polis, is highly objectionable, your Committee cannot
reasonably doubt."
As a proof of the highly objectionable nature of a
live stock cattle market in a thickly inhabited part of the
metropolis, we need only refer to the weekly record of
accidents, not unfrequently attended with loss of life,
which occur in the metropolis, from the onslaught upon
passengers of bullocks, goaded to a state of madness by
the cruelty with which they have been treated, and by
the terror which they have suffered in their progress
to and from this market, situated in the centre of the me-
tropolis. These over-driven and fevered beasts are taken
from the market to slaughter-houses, situated in dense-
ly-populated districts, slaughtered there while in a
state of fever,
in places where blood and ani-
mal offal, in a state of putrescence are allowed to
accumulate, and in these magazines of pestilence the
carcasses of the slaughtered beasts hang for two or three
days,imbibing all sorts of noxious gases before they are
exposed on the shambles of the butcher for sale; and this
is
t!ie case with the best and most costly meat—the meat
whrh is furnished to the tables of the rich and luxurious.
This is not a thing done in a corner—it is open, pal

pable—all who run may see. The retail butchers of the
metropolis purchase the greater portion of the runt, which
they sell, from the carcase butchers of Whitechapel;-
These carcase butchers slaughter the beasts in their pre-
mises, and in Whitechapel the streams of blood and filth
unite in a common channel, which runs exposed to public
view in the street immediately in front of the meat stalls,
At any time of year the sight and stench of this polluted
stream is most disgusting, but in warm weather it is not
only a source of annoyance, but of pestilential disease-
Is there any necessity for the toleration of these
nuisances in the heart of the metropolis of the British
empire ?- Certainly not. In -no' other capital in the
civilized world are public cattle _markets- sulfa-eel:to lie"
held—in no other metropolis are slaughter-houses tole-
rated. In Paris the cattle market is held extra urbem.
In Paris the Abattoirs, or slaughter-hou-tes, are fitted up
at some distance from the city, and there is no instance
an of any individual being gored by a bull in
the good city of Paris, or of any ox being driven through
its streets, during the present century. We are rejoiced
to see that at length a company has been formed (The
Grand Cattle Market and Abattoir Company) to rid us of
this nuisance. In France the Government has long since
interfered to put a stop to the propagation of pestilence
by means of cattle markets and slaughter-houses. In
England it appears that it is left to private enterprise to
patronise those sanatory measures, which on the conti-
nent, the Government, as the guardian of the people,
thinks it necessary to adopt. We wish this company
every success in its good work, and as an incitement to
them to persevere, we may mention the fact, that while
the cost to the butcher slaughtering a beast in an
abattoir is considerably less than -it was under the old
slaughter-house system, the gain to the Government
(in this case it would be to the projectors) is sufficient
not only to maintain the abattoirs and the markets, but
to afford a very fair profit upon the capital invested. The
day, we trust, is not far distant when every large town
will have its cattle market and abattoir, extra urbem, and
when the existence of live stock markets and slaughter-
houses in cities will be prohibited by law.

Cardinal FERETTI, the newly-appointed Legate
to Urbino, has received from the POPE instructions
raFornmending him to calm down as much as possible
the minds of the population, and to re-establish the
respect due to the laws and authorities. • The
Cardinal is empowered to state that his HoLINEss is
disposed to accord to the inhabitants all the liberty
compatible with the public good, but that he would
never suffer any infringement of the law.

The Universal German Gazette states that a rail-
way is contemplated between Vienna and Cracow.
It is intended to effect at Oderberg the junction of
the Northern line and that of Lower Silesia, and to
prolong the latter by Kosel to Mislowitz, on the fron-
tier of the ancient territory of Cracow.
The Augsburg Gazette states that the new loan
about to be contracted by the Austrian Government
will amount to 40,000,000 florins, at an interest of
five per cent. The Government proposes to issue the
bonds at 108.

According to the Observateur Rhenan the Austrian
Government has decided on having a bridge of stone
constructed over the principal arm of the Danube,
like that of Pesth. This gigantic work is to be com-
penced in the spring.
Madrid journals of the 11th have arrived.

It is said that MON and PIDAL are about to seceda
from the Ministry. ISTURITZ would willinglyretain
the services of Mos, but the- Pinance Minister
fuses to remain unless PIDAL continues a 'member of
the Cabinet; and as he is a Minister of whorn,all:
partieS are anxious to be rid,,Moic gOes_ with him'.
It is generally supposed that CASTRO' it Oitcsi.cd, the
newly made Marquis of GERONA, will receive the,
the support of the Ministerial Deputies as candidate'
for the Presidency of the Chambers: The Chambers
were still occupied in the transaction of merely for-
mal business.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Madrid Bourse of the
11th at 3214 ; the Five per Cents. at 21)AL ; Debt without
Interest, 614 ; Coupons, 1834.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday.
The Chamber of Peers assembled on Saturday in
Committee, to hear the draft of the Address read. It
is of course an echo of the Speech from the Throne.
The debate in the Chamber was to be opened on
Monday, by the Duc DE BROGLIE, who will, it is
said, discuss the question of the application of the
Treaty of Utrecht to the Montpensier marriage. M.
GUIZOT is not expected to speak until Tuesday.
A courier extraordinary arrived in Paris• on Satur-
day from London, with dispatches for the Marquis
of NORMA/181. According to the Courrier Francais,

"It is said, amongst those dispatches was a fresh note
from Lord Palmerston, relating specially to the docu-
ments presented to the Chambers and to the manner of
their publication. This note is shortly to be communi-
cated to M. Guizot. On the other hand we are assured
:uat, in order to restore the cordial understanding, a
great personage enjoying the confidence of the Ministry
is to proceed in a few days to London, to propose a
treaty of commerce to the British Cabinet."

The food riots continue to prevail to an alarming
extent in the provinces. The Moniteur announces
" Troubles of a very grave nature have broken out in
the department of the Indre. Several carts of grain were
seized on the night of the 13th, in passing through Cha-
teauroux, between Levroux and Buzanceais. The rioters
sent the corn to Buzanceais, and forced the holders to
,ell it at a low price. The crowd of rioters increased
during the night, and during the 14th the disorder as-
sumed a more decided character of violence. Five or
six houses have been pillaged, and one of the proprietors
having attempted to resist, was killed. The Prefect of
the Indre went immediately to the spot with the Procu-
reur du Roi, but not having a sufficient force at his dis-
posal, he immediately applied to the Government, which
ordered reinforcements to be sent, in order to re-establish
order and insure an exemplary repression."

. - -
The following is the description of the state and
prospects of the country : -
" WN) will by no means attempt," says the Debuts,
to deny the rude shock to which the material fortunes
of France are at the present moment exposed, and we
have not to defend ourselves from the charge of having
remained indifferent to them. Few years have been sa
severely affected as 1846 ; inundations, penury of pro-
visions, political embarrassments, all have weighed upon
it. And yet, notwithstanding all these complications,
it is consoling to see how plentiful are the resources
which the country possesses within itself. Even if
we should on this occasion be taxed with optimism,
we will not hesitate to declare that the foundations of
its prosperity are 'not assailed in a manner that will
leave any profound or durable traces, since the move-
ment of affairs, the activity of transactions, and the
amount of public consumption, in place of being dimi-
nished in this same year, have made a progress not infe-
rior to that which was remarked in previous years. This
is the result to be drawn from the table of the public
revenue given by the Moniteur. The general receipts of
the imposts and indirect revenue for 1846 was
823,291,000 f., while that of 1845 was 803,902,000 f.,
which shows an increase of upwards of 19 millions in
favour of 1846. The augmentation in 1845 over the
previous year was only a little more than 15 millions, 30
that the advantage is still more in favour of 1846. It is
remarkable that the greater portion of the incrsase is
during the last three months, which it might have been
supposed would have most seriously affected the market.
The first nine months gave an excess of 13,183,000 f.,
while the last three gave an excess of 6,206,0001:"

The Bank of Rouen, following the example of the
Bank of France, has raised the rate of discount 5 per
cent.

The Three per Cents. were done in the Passage de l'Opera
en Sunday at 77f. 70c., but had risen to 77f. 80c. at the hour
of post.
BUsINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JANUARY 18.
Boulogne and Amiens, 14 TR—Dutch Rhenish, 5 East
Indian, 4—Louvain L la Sambre, I%—Luxembourg, 2%
—Namur and Liege, 34—Northern of. France, 1214—Orleabs
and Bordeaux, 714—Paris and Strasburg, 3%—Rouen and
Havre, 26%3—Sambre and Meuse, VA.

THE OBSERVER Cr SUNDAY, JAN. 24.—1 n order
to give a full report of this week's very important debntes,
the Observer will publish a g'atuitous supplement of twenty
columns. Price of the Observer and supplement sixpence.
A sixpence enclosed to Mr. Clement, jun., 170, Strand, Lon-
don, will insure a copy by return of post.
MADAME Blsnor.—During the past week, this
far-famed cantatrice has •been fulfilling engagements at
Leamington and at Birmingham. At Leamington " all the
leading members of the fashionable circles," says the Lea-
mington Courier, " were present at her concert, and her re-
ception was most enthusiastic." At Birmingham she created
quite a furore, by her exquisitely:pathetic rendering of Burns's
beautiful ballad, " John Anderstm my Jo." Speaking a the
manner in which this, the chef d'ucevre of Burns, was given
by Madame Bishop, the musical critic of the Birni
it l
ngiiai
is
rn Joual says, " It is scarcely necessary to say that t
not reasonable to expect that a vocalist s
proficientolof
in the florid ornaments of the Donizetti school
music, can do justice to the simple and
.unadorned. bal-
lads to which Burns loved to wed hismatchiess poetry.
Yet " John Anderson my Jo " was thu.s
We have treated. This re-
quires something approaching to genius.
re-
peatedly heard this beautiful and touching air, w„ Idch tradi-
tion. tells us was at one
.time a chant in the hely kirk,".
sung tl th
sung by the bright particular stars of Wiped singing, but
until Wednesday night we had no conception o ie pa os
of the music, or the potency of the
vvereste;
to the essence M
am
of pathos. Madame
Bishop's
execution fit was toned
No extraneous ornament wast inetr,o,dreuscte,d, ,witkiwehasigmimveendiianteilty
precedes the close of the s
unadorned loveliness, and
at h
air, the most intense sympathy was
manifested, and rendered the succeeding burst of applause
deafening in its intensity. It is such music as this that
_
fulfils the high purposes of the art, but its true interpretation
is rarely met with.
The Right lion. G. S. Byng and Mr. H. Tufnell,
111. P., were prevented by the recent death of Mr. Byng from
attending Lord John Russell's dinner yesterday.

HER MAJESTY'S

SPEECH.

OPENING OF PARLIAMENT.

MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,

f'. -

It is with the deepest concern that, upon your

assembling, I haye to
_gall your attention to

idearth of provisions which prevails in Ireland

in parts of Scotland.

In Ireland, especially, the loss of the usual food

d• the people has been the cause of severe sufferings,

pf idisease, and of greatly increased mortality among

he poorer :classes.

Outrages have become more

frequent, chiefly directed against property ; and

transit of provisions has been rendered unsafe in

some parts of the country.

With a view to mitigate these evils, very large

numbers of men have been employed, and have

received wages, in pursuance of an Act passed in the

East session of Parliament. Some deviations from

hat Act, which have been authorised by the Lord

Aeutenant of Ireland, in order to promote more

useful employment, will, I trust, receive your sane

ion. Means have been taken to lessen the pressure

of want in districts which are most remote from the

ordinary sources .of supply. Outrages have ,been

repressed, as far as it was possible, by the military

and police.

It is satisfactory to me to observe that in

many of the most distressed districts the patience

and resignation of the people have been mos

exemplary.

The deficiency of the harvest in France and

Germany, and other parts of Europe, has added to

the difficulty of obtaining adequate supplies of pro

visions.

It will be your duty to consider what further

measures are required to alleviate the existing dis

tress. I recommend to you to take into your serious

consideration, whether by increasing for a limited

period, the facilities for importing corn from

foreign countries, and by the admission of sugar

more freely into breweries and distilleries, the

supply, of food may be beneficially augmented.
= ' •
I
haye likewise to direct your earnest consi

deration to the permau'ent cOndition of Ireland. .Tou
will perceive, in'the Abience, of political' excitement,,
an opportiinitY for taking a dispassionate_ smpy,, of
tbp.,A941i4,1,,0vi1s which afflict that part of the-United
Kingdom. Various. Aieasures will be laid before
you, which, if adopted by Parliament," may tend to

raise the great mass of the people in comfort, to pro

mote agriculture, and to lessen the pressure of tha

competition for the occupation of land which has

been the fruitful source of crime and misery.

The marriage of the Infanta Luisa Fernanda of

Spain to the Duke of Montpensier has given rise to a

correspondence between my Government and those o;

France and Spain.

The extinction of the Free State of Cracow his

appeared to me to be so manifest a violation of the
Treaty of Vienna, that I have commanded that a

protest against that act should be delivered to the

Courts of Vienna, Petersburgh, and Berlin, which

were parties to it. Copies of these several papers wi

be laid before you.

I entertain confident hopes that the hostilities in

the River Plate, which have so long interrupted com

merce, may soon be terminated ; and my efforts, in

conjunction with those of the King of the French,
will be earnestly directed to that end.

My relations generally with Foreign Powers

inspire me with the fullest confidence in the mainte

nance of peace.

GENTLEMEN OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS,

I have directed the Estimates to be prepared

with a view to provide for the efficiency of the public

service, with a due regard for economy.

MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,

I have ordered every requisite preparation to be

made for putting into operation the Act of the last

session of Parliament, for the establishment of local

courts for the recovery of small debts. It is my

hope that the enforcement of civil rights in all parts

of the country to which the Act relates may, by

this measure, be materially facilitated.

I recommend to your attention measures

which will be laid before you for improving the

health of towns, an object the importance of which

you will not fail to appreciate.

Deeply sensible of the blessings which, after a
season of calamity, have been so often vouchsafed to

this nation by a superintending Providence, I confide

these important matters to your care, in a full con

viction that your discussions will be guided by an

impartial spirit; and in the hope that the present
sufferings of my people may be lightened, and that

their future condition may be improved by your

deliberative wisdom.

We understand that it is the intention of Govern-
ment to erect forthwith a battery at Penlee Point, so as to
command Cawsand Bay. The Admiralty are determined to
er state of defence, in
epountsteciheoewohcooleofofwthhiechcotahste inbun
of the proposed new
bridge at Looe is suspended. A dpinrogp
Looe harbour, so as to commandLooe
battery
anchorage will
under erected
the at
Island. The whole line of appernocaochimfrmomedLiaoteoley --Falmouth
th
Plymouthmou
is to be put into a state of defence
Packet.
—Two meetings were
held at Manchester, on Friday, for the purpose of memo-
rializing Government to open the ports and admit all kinds
of provisions duty free. One meeting took place in the
Town Hall, and another in the open air. Resolutions in
accordance with the requisitions were unanimously passed.
ARRIVAL OF THE GIBRALTAR PACKET.--SOUTH-
AurroN, MONDAY.—The Oriental Company's steam-ship
Madrid, Captain Bingham, Commande^, Admiralty Agent,
Lieutenant James laglis, R.A., arrived here at half-past nine
yesterday morning, from Gibraltar, and landed the mails of
the fjllowing dates :—Gibraltar, Bth January; Cadiz, 9th
January; Lisbon, 12th January; Oporto, 13th January;
Vigo, 14th January. Summary of cargo of the Madrid—
Seven boxes of dates, full cargo of dates, oranges, and onions.
Weather during the voyage—Much fog and rain homewards.
Number of passengers-28. Shipping at the ports—Gib-
raltar, her Britannic Majesty's ship Shen, and steamer Juno ;
Cadiz, Dutch fripte Prince d'Orange, and corvette Juno;
Lisbon, the British squadron, and Portuguese squadron;
Oporto, her Britannic Majesty's ship Gladiator.
LOSS OF THE SIRIUS STEAMER.—Accounts reached
Dublin on Sunday, by the Cork mail, announcing that the
above-named steamer, which is engaged in the trade between
Dublin and Cork, went ashore on the rocks near Youghal at
four o'clock on Friday morning. An attempt was made to
get her off, and to push her to the termination of her jour-
ney. She was found, however, too much injured to proceed,
and was run on shore in Ballycotton Bay, where site, has
already, it is said, gone to pieces. Twelve of the crew and
passengers were drowned in the attempt to get ou shore.
iVir. D'Eyncourt has contradicted the
report that he would not offer
himself as a candidate
for jAmbeth.

fre
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• • •-•,
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