The Sun.
London, England, 1847-04-06 00:00:00

S N7 APRIL 6, 1847.

ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIE ITY.S OF YOUTH AID
MATUR
WITH TWENTY-FIVE COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
Just published, Twentieth Thousand, in a sealed envelope, price
2a. fgt. or post paid, to any address, for as. 6d. in Postage tamps
direct 'front the Author's residence.
QELF-PRESERVATION:A Medical Treatise
1-.7 on the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity.
Illustrated with Twenty-five Coloured Alai on theoductive Organs,
Anatomy.
Physiology, and Diseases of the Urfniry Repr
explaining their various structures, uses, and functions, and sdhowother
ing
the injuries that are produced in them, by solltary habits, an
excesses. With Practical Observations on the Treatment of Nervous
Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and
the Urethra.
By SAMUEL LVMERT, CONSULTING SURGEON,
9, Bedford-street, Bedford-square, London;
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate
Apothecaries' Hall, London, Ike, 2r-4.
CONTENTS Or TRE TREATISE.
CIIArTER 1. On the Philosophy of Marriage, with its Hindrances
and Obligations, and on Infelicitous and Unproductive
Generative
that great
Organs, their functions, structures, and secretions, proving
Mental and Physical Power are dependant upon their healthy action.
—Calor-Ea 3. On Solitary Habits; their various effects on the
Animal Economy ; the concealed cause of Debility of the functiont
of the Stomach, Lungs, and Brain, and general weakness of the
Mental Faculties. CUArTER 4. On the Secret Disorders of Youth
and Maturity, and the Treatment of Nervous and Local Wea
6 kness, 0
Mental Debility, and Premature Decay.—Cnarrafts 5 andonnor. 11
G
the Disorders arising from indiscriminate Exaess, hoort
(fleet, Strictures, and other Diseases Urethra.
REVIEWS Or THE WORK.
"The author of this singular and talented work is a legally quali-
fied mall cal man, who has 3vidently had considerable experience of
the trr ttment of the various disorders arising
from the follies and
trailtie.4 of early indiscretion. The engravings are an invaluable ad-
dition, by demonstrating the consequences of excesses, whicemust
act as a salutary warning to youth and maturity, and by its rsal
many questions may be satisfactorily replied to, that admit f no ap-
peal, eves to the most confidential friend."—Era.
Published by the Author, and may be had at his residence; also
from Kent and Richards, 52, Paternoster-row; Hannay and Co., 63,
Oxford-street. Strafe, Ticnnorne-street, Quadrant; Gordon, 146,
Leadenhall-street, London ; Newton, i 6, Church-street, Liverpool
and by ail
At Home tor Consultation daily, Isom Xine till Two, and irem
Five till Eight ; and all letters immediately replled to, if containing
the fee ot 11., for advice, toc.-9 BEDFORD-STUN= BEDVORB-
SQUABS) IANDOB!

TlMES.—veThe
as rethveencuheantcaelallleor no,hfitc:e
Exthequer,we
publish
FROM Tile MORNING. PAPERS OF DAT.
T
this morning presents many features upm which the
public,l a
may reasonably congratulate thernselvs. After rs
year, the former half of which witnesses an immense
change in our commercial policy, and the latter the
operation of one of the greatest calamities of modern
times—an Irish famine and an English scarcity —the
present an
year's accounts of ordinary revenue aggre-
gate increase of receipts above those
of 1846 of not
less than - 2,387,8061. In every department except
the Stamps and Crown Lands—in the Customs,
the
were
cst Excise, the Taxes, the Property-tax, and the P -
office—there is an increased return. In short,
it not for Ireland and her calamity---were
it not for
that awful drain which English neglect and Irish
misgovernment have brought upon us—we might
boast that never within human memory, at least, was
the national exchequer in a more lealthy state, or
there a better prospect of removing • very burden by
which either our domestic e
industry or our foreign
In commerce is tramelled. presence of our
potato famine, however—
of the ravages of
all but invisible animalcule
in
a root on which
nothing but a strange mixture of rapacity
and improvidence could have suffered anation to sub-
sist—our surplus, so far from furnishing
relief to the tax-payer, will only by happy means of
a
avoid the necessity of Hero taxation by chance
meeting the
charge for interest on the sum we have just been
compelled to borrow. Cold as the comfort
is well it will do this, and that the Chancellor of the
may be, it
Exchequer has not, in a time of much
almost general stagnation, to seek out pressure, and
the means
of
imposing a new tax as well as contracting a
new loan.
On the Customs the increase is most signal. That
after a series of years, each remarkable for
some
large '
reduction in our import duties, each reduction de-
clared to be alike fatal to the home producer and the '
revenue, we should be able to show an increase of
1,132,0001. upon the year, is a proof of the soundness
of our new commercial policy, which even its most
ardent advocates could scarcely have anticipated.
Nor has this branch of our income suffered in any
measure during the quarter which has just
proportion, and amounts to nearly half a million.
In the Excise also the increase, quarter
by
quarter, has been uninterrupted, until in the aggre-
gate it gives a surplus of 661,5721. above last year's
return. This item has been generally regarded as a
kind of barometer by which to measure the national
prosperity, for as it affects what are principally
luxuries,, at least in degree, it is imagined that an
indulgence in excisable commodities betokens a suffi-
ciency of the necessaries of life. As a general rule
this may be a true one, but it is difficult to reconcile
its universal application with the faet that while the
mass of our agricultural population has been debarred
by the high price of food from the purchase even of
their ordinary scanty modicum of luxuries, while
Scotland has suffered severely from actual want, and
Ireland depends for its daily_ bread on English
bounty, the Excise has gone on increasing, and even
in this last quarter, when the pressure has been most
severe, exhibits a surplus of 26,4071. Under the
head of Property-tax the increase upon the year is
379,8401.—a most satisfactory amount. The Post-
office revenue shows an advance of 1,000/. a week
during the last year ; and that comprehensive term
" Miscellaneous," shows an increase of 129,2731.
On Stamps the deficiency, probably owing to the
partial cessation of railway enterprise, amounts to
32,693/. ; and on Crown Lands, for some reason,
which Lords Lincoln and Morpeth will doubtless be
able to explain, to 18,0001. Upon the total ordinary
revenue, however, we have an increase of 2,387,806/.,
against a falling off in the two branches we have named,
amounting in the whole to only 50,6931. Would that
there were no drawback on this favourable statement
of our financial condition ! Flourishing as the re-
turn appears, however, one item is there to remind
us of our liabilities, and of the heavy charge to which
the great calamity of the year has exposed us. In
the account of Income the receipt of 960,0001. is
acknowledged as the first instalment of the loan of
8,000,000/., which it will require many years of for-
bearance and retrenchment to redeem. It is a punish-
ment, and not an unmerited one, of a system which
has permitted a third of our population to live in
utter dependence upon a crop with which i
famines are periodical, and with that claim for
subsistence upon the soil which could alone secure
from the rich an interest in the prosperity of the poor.
We have had a severe warning, let us not require a
second.
CHRONICLE. The revenue‘ accounts for the
year and the quarter just ended, present at first sight
a much more favourable aspect than they do when
each item is minutely examined, and the peculiar
circumstances which have influenced the various
sources of income are duly considered. On the sur-
face, looking only at the columns under the heads
" increase" and decrease," the tables present a satis-
factory and encouraging result; and especially in
reference to those items to which we are most accus-
tomed to look as an index of the state of the country,
of its enjoyment of commercial prosperity, and of
social comforts. The Customs receipts for the year
exhibit an increase of no less than 1,132;002/., which
at first sight is more satisfactory, when we remember
that the present return completes the first entire year
under the ultimate reductions in the tariff effected
by Sir Robert Peel. On the other hand, however,
it is impossible to overlook the fact that a large por-
tion of this increase is due, first to the extensive im-
portation of foreign corn during the last six months
of 1846, and considerably more than one half of it to
the enlightened settlement of sugar duties by the
at the closeof last
present Governments session. At
a moment like the present, when financial difficulties
and deficiencies upon the general balance of the
public accounts become apparent, it is • important to
mark any particular source from which those diffi-
culties are relieved, and more particularly so when it
indicates the success of a great and sound principle of
taxation. It will be remembered, that up to the
month of August last year the deliveries of sugar for
consumption on which duty Was _ paid showed a con-
siderable deficiency on those of the preceding year.
But after the reduction of the differential duty
charged on foreign sugars by the Bill of last August,
by which, for the first time, such sugars were really
and practically brought within the consumers' reach,
the consumption increased so rapidly, that at the end
of the year the deficit which appeared in the deliveries
up to August Ns
,as converted at the end of December
into a handsome surplus. We find, that out of the
increase which is. apparent on the Customs' receipts
p
for the year just ended, amounting in all to 1,132,00 N.,
we are indebted to the liberal and wise settlement of
the sugar duties for no less than 739,8841., and in
like manner, of the increase shown upon the last
quarter, amounting to 485,755/., we are indebted to'
that measure for no less than 317,466/. It would be
difficult to point to a greater triumph in the result
of any financial principle than has followed the
adoption of a course so long urged by political
economists and free-traders, to rely upon a reduction
of differential and protective duties as the surest

means of increasing the revenue of the country. If,
however, to this single item of increase we add the
corn duties received during the last six months of
1846, we shall find that we considerably more than
exhaust the whole apparent increase. So that the
Customs receipts for the year, as far as regards the
general trade of the country, and irrespective of these
two items, would exhibit a considerable reduction.
That the quarter just ended should show a slight in-
crease, irrespective of sugar, over the corresponding
quarter of last year, is not a matter of surprise, nor of
much congratulation, when we consider how much
dbuorsiinhegsstheinfirsatllthrdeeopmarotmhtehnsts was held . n
suspense
passing of the last changes in the
ltBa4 pendingnn
Customs
hues
ts
nt
nt ea
showed
abwuesdi nae sds
edfiue
irei
nn busing thaty nf. n
nqu a
lessr ttehra,
than
h4a4to,
:cooornole.
:The general
gweinthertahle croeraureltspoonfdintghequarcitnerateinofa 18r4e5eeipttha-,
when considered in reference to the whole
trade of the country, and looked to as
art index of its prosperity, cannot, therefore,
`he considered so satisfactory', as they looked
M first sight. The other great index of national wel-
fare, and of the command of social comforts, the Ex-
cise duties, we fear, affords in the present return no
more satisfactory evidence. It is true that the in-
crease shown 'upon the year is large, and that that
increase is fairly divided over all the various items
which contribute to the Excise, and which may be
taken as evidence of increased activity in industry,
or of increasel comforts enjoyed by the people. But
while the increase upon the year is 661,572/., that
upon the quarter is only 26,4071. We have here a
palpable proof of a declining state. The high price
of food, and the scantiness and dearness of some of
the chief raw materials of our manufacturing indus-
try, have already begun their work of deterioration.
The complaints from the busy seats of industry
during the last three months, the mills working short
time, the increasing difficulty in obtaining railway
" calls," and the consequent " slackness" of some of
those works, and the difficulty which the labour-
ing population find in obtaining anything beyond the
barest necessaries of life at their present prices ; these
facts are all loudly proclaimed in the comparative de-
cline of the Excise receipts during the quarter just
finished. A consequence, moreover, which we fear
will only be further developed as the year advances.
The other general items of the revenue are not of a
character which speak much to the immediate state of
the country, still it is satisfactory to observe that they
show, generally, a considerable increase both on the
year and the quarter. But notwithstanding the in-
crease apparent under all these heads, unfortunately,
when we look to the side of expenditure, we find it
all inadequate to meet the extraordinary demands
upon the Governmedt. Notwithstanding the increase
on the ordinary sources of the Exchequer, and not-
withstanding the addition of 960,000/., as the first in-
stalment of the " loan of eight millions," the result
of the accounts now published is, that in place of a
surplus to meet the various Parliamentary grants for
the public service, amounting last year to 1,783,3081.,
that surplus at the present time is only 628,7811., a
sum altogether inadequate for the purpose.
ADVERTISER.—We publish, in another part of
our paper, a tabular view of the revenue returns for
the years and quarters ending sth April, 1846, and
sth April, 1847 ; and we heartily congratulate the
country on the extremely gratifying results which
they exhibit. Under the head of Customs— the
source of revenue which of all others affords the best
criterion of the real condition of the people, and the
healthy state, or otherwise, of the national finances—
we have an increase, on the year, of 1,132,0021., while
the increase on the quarter is relatively still greater,
being no less than 485,755/., or close on half a mil-
lion. We will undertake to say, that this is an in-
crease far exceeding anything of which the most san-
guine ever dreamt. It is all the more surprising,
when it is remembered, that it only includes, so far
as relates to the quarter, a mere trifle in the shape of
corn duties, the corn-laws having been suspended
early in the quarter. In the Excise there is
also an augmentation on the year to the extent
productiveTi
3h ie
,4 IS4 tmhh
eapTva
hergeeularlikewisewith t
aproved
a l
so p unusuallyrov ed
of 661,5721., and on the quarter of 26,4071.
tghieveinogrreastplonind'emregasenf
quar-
ter of 18465 n,
unprecedentedly productive, the amount for the year
The Post-office still continues, though gradually, to
augment the national resources, yielding, as it
does, 52,0001. more than last year, and 4,0001. more
on the quarter than on the corresponding quarter
of 1846. Under the head of Miscellaneous, we
have an addition, on the year, of 129,2731., though,
on the quarter, the increase is only 1,071/. The
only departments in which there is a falling off
are those of the Taxes and Crown Lands. The
deficit is trifling in either case. Under the first
head it is only 15,2501.; and under the second,
8,0001. The total increase on the year is 1,538,168/.,
and on the quarter 403,6321. This, we repeat, is a
most gratifying state of things. So far from expecting
so large an augmentation, there were general appre-
hensions of a defalcation. Nothing could more con-
clusively prove the solid foundation on which our
commercial and monetary edifice is based. The im-
provement in the revenue which it is thus our pleasing
duty to record, as having taken place in a period of
unexampled destitution in Ireland and part of Scot-
land, will, there is every reason to hope, go on pro-
gressing for months and years to come. If, indeed,
Providence should bless the land with an abundant
harvest, we may confidently calculate, considering the
extensive trade with America which is now opening
up to us, on a period of commercial and financial
prosperity wholly unparalleled in the history of the
country.
HERALD.—We have before us the official state-
ment of the national revenue for the year and the
quarter which ended yesterday evening. If any evi-
dence were necessary to prove the vitality of British
vigour in resisting the results of a new-fangled system
of legislation, which must have proved destructive to
the interests of any country whose innate strength
had been less positively confirmed by the considerate
policy that was formerly the principle of action by
which British statesmen were guided—if any testi-
mony were requisite to show the elasticity of British
resources in repelling the heavy load of depression
which recent Acts of Parliament have heaped upon
them, and which projected measures promise to aug-
ment—we have the proof before us in the abstract of
the net produce of the revenue of the country, to
which it is our duty to refer.—(l) In every
department whence we derive our ordinary
revenues, save two, there is an increase for the
year ended yesterday, compared with the year
which ended on the sth of April, 1846. The two
items which exhibit a decrement on a comparison of
years are Stamps and Crown Lands. Let us now ex-
hibit the condition of the whole revenue of the
country for the year and the quarter, as compared
with that of the previous year, and that of the cor-
responding quarter of 1846. In the present year
there is from the Customs an increase of 1,132,002/. ;
from the Excise an increase of 661,5721. The de-
crease on Stamps,: as we have already mentioned, is
32,693/. The increase from Taxes for the year is
33,119/. ; from the Property-tax an augmentation has
been derived amounting to 379,840/. ; from the Post-
office it is 52,0001. The Crown Lands, as we have
stated, exhibit a decrease of 18,0001., whilst, from
Miscellaneous resources, we have procured an increase
of revenue which has placed in the national coffers
129,2731. In the quarter's receipts, as compared
with those of the April quarter of last year, w e
find an increase from Customs of 485,755/ ; from the
Excise of 26,407/. ; from Stamps of 131,414/.11 the
decrease on Taxes is 15,250/. • the increase from
the Property-taxis 69,190/4 from the Post-office
it is 4,000/. ; with reference to Crown Lands, the de-
crease is 8,000/. ; from Miscellaneous resources there
is an increase of 1,071/. Now, in dealing with these
various items of our income, to-day, our observations
must necessarily be brief—our comments upon these
items few. We deal only with those sums which
form the ordinary revenue of the nation. The other
portions of the account, embracing "advances," " im-
prest and other monies," &c., we leave intact for re-
mark on a future day. In reference, then, to the
year's ordinary revenue, there is a net increase over
that received up to the sth of April, 1846, which
amounts to 2,387,806/. The net ordinary revenue
for the quarter ended yesterday, shows an increase
over the receipts for the same quarter of the previous
year, amounting to 717,837/. Let us at once ask
these questions—Has the value of manufactured stock
become augmented during the past year, or during the
past quarter ? Ilas the condition of the manufacturing
operative been improved, or the position of the agricudl;
tural labourer been made better during the same perio .
Has the character Of ourimonetary exchanges,
pared with that of other countries
largely-increased imports imports have been derived, exhibited h
deri
a corresponding amount of exports, or
as even
manifested the exportation of an amount of home-
madewhence our
merchandise equal to that sent abroad during
t;
several past years ? These questions are easily re-
of
ati work, for
ve ! Seekthe
for on of t
solved by facts. Look to the prices current forLoo the
manufacturing oper contheditiposition he
of
the o
returns for our manufactured produce!
to out

the agricultural labourer (notwithstanding the efforts
of his employers to promote his comparative prospe-
rity, despite the sacrifices made by landlords and land•
holders, and the advances made in agricultural
science) —seek for this in the daily tale told by the
provincial press ! seek for it in the hopes of the Irish
landlord from the new Poor Relief Bill! Notwith-
standing these facts there is an increase upon the
year and the quarter from the Customs revenue!
The consumption of imported produce, used in lieu
of grain, of course has something to do with this ;
but the energy and untired, not worn-out activity
and resources of Great Britain have dealt much
more largely with it. Taking our course
through the other items of receipt, we are
compelled to stop at " Stamps." What a
tale is told by the official development of
the condition of this department of the revenue.
The increase for the year is only 32,693/. The in-
crease for the quarter is 131,414/. ! What has caused
this increase ? Has it been an augmentation of the
legitimate trade of the country ? Did our legitimate
imports, or has an augmentation of our internal—our
home traffic in the manufactures of Great Britain,
rendered such an accession to our national income
the probable result of such a salutary process? No !
whilst there has been a great decrease in the Excise
receipts of the quarter, as compared with those of
the year, the Stamp Duties' receipts exhibit an
increase of 400 per cent. more upon the quarter
than they do upon the whole year. Here is
the result of Sir Robert Peel's Corn Bill ! here
is the effect of the gambling and speculation
which were to have ,been destroyed and deter-
mined by the damage done to the • cultivators of
the soil of Great Britain and the sister kingdom !
here are assets derived in a great degree from corn
accommodation bills ! We have neither time nor
space to dwell at greater length to-day upon the
official document before us. It is to us matter for
hearty rejoicing, that, under so many circumstances,
which in any other nation must have causei a decrease
of revenue, we have an increased income as the
subject for our remarks.

OPENING OF THE BIRKENHEAD