The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-24 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1841.

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PUBLICATIONS.

Now ready, in 2 vols. post Bvo., •
rHE GLORY AND SHAME OF ENG-
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By AN AMERICAN.
" The most amusing pk its of this book are p:rsonal recol-
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will be read with considerable interest."—Observer.
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Just published, price 7s. 6d. cloth.
J. A Y'S W 0 R K S.
VOLUME I.

London : Longman, Brown, and Co.

THE REVOLT OF THE FRENCH PEASANTRY.
This day is published, in 3 vols. post Bvo.,
THE JACQUERIE; or, The Lady and the
Page : an Historical Romance. By G. P. R. JAMES
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their followers, who opposed them and perished, form a fitful
and dreadful tragedy ; and the final overthrow of the peasant
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Just published, price 245., the
POST-OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY
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Contents :—Official Directory, with complete Lists of Go.
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Commercial Directory, furnishing the names, addresses, and
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PEOPLE'S EDITION OF

SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS.
On SATURDAY, JANUARY 1, 1842, and to be
continued each Saturday till the whole is completed, No. I,
Price Twopence, containing one sheet royal Bvo., double co-
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To be immediately followed by " Guy 11Iannering," " The
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Just published, the Seventh Edition, price 3s. , and sent free,
on receipt of a Post-office Order, for 3s. 6d.,
MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE-
MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for
ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those suf-
fering from the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habits, or Infection; followed by Observations on the
Treatment of Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Gleet, &c. Illustrated
with Cases, &c.

By J. L. CURTIS and COMPANY,
Consulting Surgeons, London.
Published by the Authors, and sold by &Mere, Medical
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—This Work, a Seventh Edition of which is now presented to
the public, ten thousand copies have been exhausted since its
first appearance, has been very much improved and enlarged
ky the addition of a more extended and clear detail of general
principles, as also by the insertion of several new and highly in-
teresting cases. The book, as has been already stated, is the
result of very ample and daily increasing experience in a class
of diseases, which, for some unaccountable reason, have been
either altogether overlooked, or treated almost with indiffer-
ence, by the ordinary medical practitioner. The proverbial
and well known rapacity of unqualified practitioners, who
traffic on the health and credulity of patients, has been en-
couraged and aroused by this supineness, on the part of the
regular surgeon. In order to obviate the pernicious effects
sure to result from the practices of such pretenders, the
authors have for a considerable time devoted themselves ex-
clusively to a certain class of diseases; of the necessity of so
doing, they were further convinced by feeling that tact in in-
vestigating the latent sources of many diseases, which arise
from certain secret praetices, can only be acquired by an ex-
clusive and undivided attention to this department of medical
practice. The numberless instances daily occurring, whersin
affections of the lungs, putting on all the outer appearances of
consumption, which, however, when traced to their source,
are found to result from certain baneful practices, fully proves
that the principle of the division of labour, is nowhere more
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sumption, will, on perusing this work, be astonished to find,
that in nine-tenths of the cases of young persons of both
sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary consumption,
heart disease, tabes, &c., the sole and exclusive origin has
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promised, unless the evil be arrested in proper time. He will
here find a clue to guide him through the intricate mazes of
this moral labyrinth, and a standard whereby to judge, when
delicacy of health should appear to attack any of his young
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he will be enabled to check the evil in its incipient state.
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here be directed as to the nature of those habits to which
youth is addicted; he will also be enabled to point out the dis-
astrous consequences which are sure to follow from them if not
relinquished.
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The Proprietor humbly, but with great confidence, ays
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Manufactured solely by WILLIAM PENDRELL,
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BOTTLING SEASON.—Gentlemen and Fa-
milies are respectfully informed, that the BOTTLING
of PORT WINES has COMMENCED at the GRAY'S
INN WINE ESTABLISHMENT; they consist of the
greatest variety, from that of an economical kind to those of
the most superior description, so as so meet the means and
wishes of every class of consumers, at the lowest prices prompt
payment ought to command :
Per Pipe, £65, £75, £B4.
Per Qr. Pipe, £l7, £l9 lOs, £2l 10s.
Per Dozen, 245., 275., 3Cs., 335., and 365.
HENEKEY, KIINGBURY, and CO.
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NOTE. —A few Pipes of extra'srdinary Old Wines of high
character and full of flavour, at £93 and £lOO per Pipe.

pATENT BRANDY VERSUS COGNAC.
The season having arrived when an increased demand
for Brandy generally exists, J. T. BETTS and CO. avail
themselves of the opportunity again to remind the Public of the
fact, which has long been established, and is now generally ad-
mitted, that their PATENT BRANDY possesses a degree of
purity, and wholesome properties, unknown in a very large
proportion of Foreign Brandies ; whilst the flavour so nearly
approaches that of the best qualities of Cognac, that it is diffi-
cult to judge between them. The similarity, in this respect,
might be made perfect; but such a fancied advantage could
only be obtained by imitating certain impurities, existent in the
Foreign productions, from which the Patent Brandy is exempt;
as is demonstrated by the Testimonials of the most eminent
Chemists, to whom it has been submitted for analysis ; and is,
further, abundantly proved by the sanction of Medical Men of
the highest standing, as well in their private practice, as in
their directions to employ it in the Civil and Military Hospi-
tals, Infirmaries, and other Charitable Institutions, throughout
the Country. under their charge; where it has superseded Fo-
reign Brandy.
J. T. Betts and Co. regard these facts as the only comment
necessary to be offered upon the attempts which are yearly
made, and as certainly and frequently abandoned, to introduce
articles of the same class; which a very short experience has
proved to be utterly destitute of those qualities necessary to
justify their claims to public support.
This valuable Spirit is manufactured only at the Distillery of
J. T. Betts and Co., No. 7,
.Smithfield.bars, London ; and is
sold by the Spirit Dealers in all parts of the Country ; or by
Agents specially appointed, under Sealed Certificates, where
there are no Dealers who keep the article.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOUItNALS.

FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

GLOBE.—The speech of Mr. Christopher to
his constituents at Lincoln, notwithstanding that
Hon. Member's indignant disclaimer of the func-
Lion of pilot balloon to Sir Robert Peel, affords
very sufficient and significant indications that
the Globe was not premature in its early and ex-
clusive information of the intention of the pre-
sent Ministry to :propose important changes in
the Corn-laws, and the nature of the alterations
which are intended to be proposed. It is
true that Mr. Christopher was compelled to
be very cautious, and complaisantly dubious
in his announcements of what is intended in
addressing himself to an agricultural audience,
and setting such alternatives before them as he
supposed most likely to conciliate them to over-
tures of any change. With all these circum-
stances operating on the manner of this announce-
ment, it is impossible not to recognise in it the
character of an authentic ernbassage from that
Ark, with its beasts clean or unclean, which bears
the present Ministry and its fortunes. It is im-
possible also not to recognise the identity of that
character, in its general outline,
with the plan
which the Globe has already set forth to the
public. Their
Principles and characteristic fea-
tures bear a sufficiently near resemblance to es-
tablish (in the absence of all possible concert)
their derivation from well-informed and authen-
tic sources. Whether, therefore, the minimum
rate proposed will be ss. or 45., whether the point
at which it is to be chargeable will be 68s. or 655.,
it may now be considered as certain that Ministers
are going to introduce' a measure having for its
object to remedy the extreme low duty, and the ex-
treme high duties imposed under the present scale.
and to obviate the frauds in the taking of the
averages. The general plan of Ministerial ope-
rations therefore may be so far anticipated,
and the possible variations from the new scale
to be proposed, as announced by ourselves,
or by Mr. Christopher (who does not go
so much into detail, and appeared anxious to
commit himself as little as possible with his
county audience), are hardly worth conjecturing
or discussing at present. The main question is
whether any modification which retains the slid-
ing scale, with the evils which are inseparably in-
herent in the nature of that contrivance, will, or
ought to, satisfy the public mind, so far as the
public have a mind on this question. The sliding
scale, under any possible modification, must con-
tinue to the last what it was from the first, a con-
trivance—an intentional one—for thwarting and
limiting, the operations of commerce in the sup-
ply of corn.
STANDARD.—On Friday Mr. Christopher,
the Member for the Lindsay division of Lincoln-
shire, addressed 56 of his constituents at the far-
mers' market table at Lincoln. The cdmpany
comprised the occupants of nearly forty thousand
acres—men of as intelligent a class as any in the
community. Mr. Christopher's address was excel-
lent throughout, but it divides itself into branches
possessing different degrees of interest for the ge-
neral reader. The part of the address which con-
cerns the local politics of Lincoln and the factious
proceedings of Lord Worsley and Major Hand-
ley, though quite appropriate to the occasion and
admirable in its style and reasoning, will be read
with less attention by strangers than the allusions
to the present state of the Corn-law question,
which constitute the great part of Mr. Chris-
topher's speech. Within a few hours of the
accession of the present Government we an-
nounced that the Corn-law question would
occupy its first attention, and that a revi-
sion of the scale of duties, and an improved;'
mode of taking the averages, were to be,
looked for at its hands. We have more than
once since repeated the announcement, and
shown the necessity that suggests the course
proposed. We are happy to have our intimation
publicly verified by a gentleman of Mr. Chris-
topher's rank and talents, and of his deservedly
high consideration with the members of the
Administration. The Honourable Gentleman on
Friday reminded his hearers that the present
Ministers received office upon the condition of
opening the Corn-law question, and that they are
therefore pledged to it; but Sir Robert Peel
is also personally pledged to the principle of
protection and to the preservation of the princi-
ple of the sliding scale. Whatever change is to
be expected, must therefore respect the terms of
the scale and the manner of taking the aver-
ages. One improvement in the scale was hap-
pily recommended by Mr. Christopher —we
mean the abandonment of the extravagantly
high duties imposed after the prices have fallen
to 40s. the quarter. These duties are perfectly use-
less, for prices will never fall so low unless the
country is absolutelysaturated, and no temptation
to import grain can exist; the extravagant duties,
therefore, s',e.rve no other purpose than to supply
topics to Anti-Corn-law leCturers. Mr. Christo-
pher r co;irfirmE4 us in the opinion we have always
eh
t, _,that the honest and effectual mode of taking
_ne averages mustbe arrivedatby some approach
to the sellers rather than the buyers, who, being
all more or less interested in the foreign corn-
trade, must have a direct interest in represent-
Oran the truth at one time,
ing prices higher

lower than the truth at another, accordingly as
they have to buy foreign corn, or to rid them-
selves of a stock on hand.

COURIER.—In this Protestant country every
man has a right to interpret Scripture for him-
self. The State, in establishing a National
Church, represented the aggregate of individual
rights, and did for its subjects interpret and de-
clare the meaning of Holy Writ, embodying this
linterpretation in the enactments of the Con-
fession of Faith. To have placed the in-
terpretation of the Scriptures, to the ex-
tent of saying what was the mind of the
State, acting on the Protestant principle of the
right of individual judgment in the matter, in
the hands of the Ecclesiastical Courts, would
have been obviously to surrender this principle,
as much as if these Courts had been permitted
legislatorially to fix the National Creed, and
would have just amounted to the re-establish-
ment of Popery. Disguise it how the Kirk-leaders
may, there is nothing more evident than that the
famous "Declaration of independence" of the As-
sembly, 1838, was neither more nor less than an as-
sumption of all the spiritual power and supremacy
ever claimed or exercised under the Papacy.
The Kirk is striving to adhere, practically, to this
usurpation, both in barring the door against en-
trants to benefices, and in expelling those
already in possession of livings, who will not
obey her spiritual edicts, but appeal from
them, where they hold them to be illegal
and contrary to the Confession of Faith, to
the jurisdiction of the Civil Magistrate. We
have already alluded to a wide spread rumour,
that Sir Robert Peel is prepared to sanction the
groundsandprinciples on which the Kirk. is now
taking her stand ! not, indeed, to give her the
spiritual jurisdiction she claims, for that she would
disdain to take from his hands, but to obtain from
Parliament a declaration that she possesses and has
all along possessed it to the extent now advanced
and exercised; and to provide that when she de-
poses from the spiritual office, the civil arm shall,
without more ado, deprive her of the secular
emoluments! No doubt, so far as the Duke of
Argyll's Bill or any other measure yet proposed
appears to go, she is confining herself to the
filling up of vacant parishes under the existing
laws of patronage; but in the "memorial" sub-
mitted to her Majesty's Government she has
advanced her claim of " spiritual independence,"
embracing a far wider field, and, as we have
already said, substantially re-landing in Popery.
We would warn Sir Robert Peel to be on his
guard when negotiating with these " canny
Scotch." While he may mean only to give them
the "inch," they may be cunningly securing
the " ell."

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

CHRONICLE.--The Gazette appointment of
the Commission regarding the management of
the Exchequer bill department confirms the
views we expressed on that subject. Considering
the Commission separately from other points, it
is all very proper, with the view of enabling the
Government to remodel the Exchequer bill de-
partment, and to decide upon the best plan of
issue and management for the future. It is true
that the public know the principal defects in the
existing system, and the additional checks or re-
gulations that should be established to guard in
future against the forgery of Exchequer bills,
or against the fraudulent or unauthorised issue
of them. Want of superintendence, and gross
ladies on the part of the Crown, were the
chief causes that not only led to the commis-
sion of fraud by Smith, but even tempted him
to the perpetration of it. Strict supervi-
sion and vigilance, therefore, are the checks
which common sense points out as best cal-
culated to protect the public in future.
A branch of the Exchequer should also be
opened in the City, under the charge of officers
practically acquainted with the business of the
Money Market, who should countersign every
bill issued. The Royal Commissioners cannot
throw much new light, therefore, upon that
matter; but nevertheless, if the present Govern-
ment entertain difficulties regarding it, or wish
for further information before coming to a con-
clusion, the plan of obtaining the necessary data
by a Report from a Commission is the safest
they could have chosen. At the same time, we
must repeat that the investigation of defects in
management, and the substitution of a better
system for the fizture, although absolutely neces-
sary, do not meet the exigencies orthe, case.
There are, as we have formerly remarked, three
separate points to be considered :-
1. Compensation to the innocent holders.
0.. Discovery and punishment of the confede-
rates of Smith and Rapallo.
3. Protection for the future.

The Commission issued applies chiefly to the
last point, and leaves the other two unsatisfied.
That, we repeat, is beginning at the wrong end,
or, according to the adage—putting the cart be-
fore the horse.

The last advices from the Cape, give a favour-
able account of their wool produce, the exports of
which are now estimated at 100,0001. a year.
Reports of an unsatisfactory character, circu-
lated in the morning, regarding a great house in
Liverpool, received the most implicit contradic-
tion previous to the close of business.
HERALD.—Considerable disappointment was
experienced this morning at the abortive result
of a cause, anxiously looked for during some
days past, and which was brought on this morn-
ing in the Court of Queen's Bench only to go off
in a very unaccountable sort of way. A good
many curious people in waiting upon the Court
on the occasion were thus debarred of the pro-
mised trial. The action arose out of certain
Stock Exchange transactions, and the payment
of differences claimed thereupon. It was known
that much extraordinary matter was likely to
transpire in evidence on this trial, and that
names would probably be found to figure in it
which would create no little surprise, and per-
haps not redound over much to the credit of the
parties so prominently brought forward; but all
these anticipations were doomed to be prema-
turely destroyed, or postponed, for after some
sparring of counsel a non-suit was entered up,
and so the public must perforce wait for a re-
newal of process and another term.

THE EXCHEQUER BILLS FRAUD.
An able pamphlet on this mysterious subject has just
been published by A. H. Bailey and Co._, of Cornhill,
and as it is of great importance to many thousands that
a conspiracy which has caused such excitement, and
which may be attended with disastrous consequence,
should be thoroughly investigated without delay, we
shall make no excuse for quoting largely from its columns.
The author properly observes at the commencement,
" that all which the public know with certainly is, that
to private individuals it has caused loss of money, to
the nation loss of credit, to the Government loss of
character, and to the public loss of confidence." After
adverting to the disappointment caused by the unex-
pected result of Smith's trial, and the escape of Rapallo,
he thus proceeds :
It was therefore a great object with the Government
to quash every proceeding against Rapallo, the fact
being, that they had not a shadow of a case against him;
they were perfectly aware that Smith's first statement of
having given the bills to him unsigned was false; and the
result has proved that it was, Smith having pleaded
" Guilty" to all the counts of the indictment.
But the anxiety of the public is to ascertain who signed
the bills. Smith's pleading " Guilty" by no means
makes it certain that he signed them ; indeed, every one
who has examined the figures, which he admitted to be
his, declare that they are not in the same hand-writing
as the signatures; and moreover, that the signatures on
the bills fraudulently issued are the same as those at-
tached to every other Exchequer bill in circulation.
The Government, however, by Smith having pleaded
guilty to the forgery, has effected two objects.
lstly. They have prevented an e.rposee of that gross
negligence which has been the cause of this fraud being
perpetrated on the public.
2ndly. They have placed the holders of the fraudulent
ExChequer bills at their mercy, because, were an action
brought against the Government, the case would be met
by the plea of admitted forgery, which would nonsuit the
plaintiff.
He then adds, that the public had no possible means
of guarding themselves against the fraud—nay, to the
utter disgrace of the officials at the Exchequer-hill
Office, the Government either would not, or could not,
distinguish the false from the genuine bills.
Let us proceed, therefore, to examine the case in a
fair and impartial manner. The loss which has fallen
on the public has arisen from their having placed implicit
confidence in the vigilance of the Government and the in-
tegrity of its officers.
The public implicitly relied on being secured against
fraud by the following legal precautions, which are di-
rected to be observed at the Exchequer, viz. :
Istly. That no more paper would be manufactured
and printed
_than was actually required for the bills
voted by Par%ment for the public service, the more es-
pecially as it is known that both the paper and the
printing are manufactured and executed under the roof
of the Exchequer, for the still greater security of the
public.
2dly. That the seal with which they are stamped
would be kept in the custody of three parties, and never
used except in their presence.
idly: That nä Exchequer bills would be signed except
at the Exchequer.

Is it the fault of the public that these precautions have
been neglected ? and could the fraud have taken place
if they had been observed ?
On the 22d of October last, three distinct parties, at
three distinct times, took up various bills to have them
examined ; these bills amounted to 25,000/. ; they were
all examined by different parties in the Exchequer, were
compared with the counterfoils, and pronounced genuine.
16,0001. of these bills have been since received by the
Bank of England in payment for scrip, and the other
9,0001. are marked with the initials of an indifferent
part, who was present at the examination.

....... . . .
It can also be proved that 40,0001. other bills (now
pronounced to be forgeries), were not only examined by
the clerks of the Exchequer, but that Mr. Percival, com-
ing in at the time, was requested to examine the signa-
tures, and state whether he could reject any as being
foreign to his writing ; he turned them all carefully over
one by one, and said h could not.
....

These examinations (with one exception), took place,
be it remembered, after a slur had been thrown on Ex-
chequer bills, and they were consequently subjected to
the most minute examination.
The author thus describes the manner in which Smith
was detected, and naturally expresses some anxiety to
know what has become of the book containing the coun-
terfoils with which these bills were compared. On the
25th of October the following disclosures took place :
Duplicate numbers of Exchequer bills were brought
up to the Exchequer, one set belonging either to the
London and Westminster Bank, or to Messrs. Barclay
and Co., and the other to one of the brokers who had
received them from Rapallo. It was proved that the
bills held by the Bank had never been out of its posses-
sion, yet they were so exactly like the duplicates, both
in respect to figures and signature, that it was impossible
to distinguish the one from the other ; consequently the
Manager of the Bank, who was present, very acutely ob-
served, that as nobody out of doors could have had the
one bill from which to make a copy of the other, the
figures of both must have been filled in by one and the
same person. On this Mr. Smith became very agitated,
and requested to speak to Mr. Maule, the solicitor of the
Treasury, in a private room, when he made his confession.
It appears that all the bills surreptitiously issued are
running numbers, although deposited at various times.
Great importance is to be attached to this fact, as it
throws a glimmering of light as to the manner in which
the signatures of the bills have been obtained. It would
therefore be most satisfactory for the public to know in
what state the unissued bills are—whether signed or un-
signed, and whether the counterfoils are witnessed in
the same manner as those of every other book ; because,
if the bills are signed, and the counterfoils are witnessed,
no other conclusion can be arrived at than that Smith
must have abused the confidence of Lord Monteagle and
Mr. Percival, by placing a book of Exchequer bills be-
fore them, and that they signed it in the full reliance
that nothing would be so placed unless it were right
and proper.
He then contends that the holders of the bills could
not by any means distinguish between good and bad
bills, and as a proof states that persons of all classes of
the greatest experience, from the Directors of the Bank
of England to money brokers, advanced money on them
for these very good reasons, that the paper, the print-
ing, the stamp, and the figures were the same as every
ether Exchequer bill in circulation. The fraud, it ap-
pears, commenced in 1836, soon after Sir John Newport
became Comptroller, and great losses since that period,
he infers, must have occurred. But let not (says he)
the public delude themselves with the notion, that be-
cause the brokers who have raised the money have deli-
vered large quantities of Stock to Solari and Rapallo,
that that Stock may not have been disposed of, and that
large losses may not have occurred. Those who are
acquainted with the nature of Stock transactions, and
who have unfortunately dabbled in shares, can easily
imagine that 300,0001. has been sunk during the space of
five years ; and from the best information that can be
gathered, it seems that every share they dealt in is now
utterly without value. Take British Iron shares, for
instance, which Smith mentions as having speculated in
before the Chancellor's decision : these shares were then
between 401. and 50/. per share ; they are now worth
nothing—and worse than nothing. This one speculation
may be but as a sample of the rest ; and when to such
speculations is added the loss sustained in interest alone,
the manner in which the money is gone ceases to be
marvellous.

However it may disappoint public curiosity, which is
led to believe that there are some powerful delinquents
behind the scenes, it may be observed, that utterly de-
void of truth as Smith's statements are, the more especi-
ally as to issuing the bills unsigned, and to his never
having received any part of the moneys raised on them,
still from his own statements may be gathered the most
reasonable explanation of the whole fraud.
Let us now turn to that part of the case by far the
most interesting to the public, viz., what is to be the
future fate of the unfortunate holders of the bills.

It is almost impossible to imagine that the Govern-
ment, composed as it is of some of the most honourable
and high-minded men in the kingdom, can do otherwise
than recommend the payment of the bills when Parlia-
ment meets. But the manner in which the trial has been
conducted, stifling as it has every fact favourable to the
holders of the bills, and placing them, so far as legal re-
dress goes, at the mercy of Government, shakes the con-
fidence of the public as to their future intentions.
It behoves then the holders of the bills to remember
that " union is strength." Let them in the first place
memorialise the Treasury, and respectfully request to
know their decision in regard to the impounded bills. If
they are wise they will not be satisfied with any eva-
sive answer, for if the battle of " right against might"
is to be fought, they must be prepared to take the
field before the March bills are called in and the new
ones issued.

The Bank of England should be foremost in support-
ing the cause of the holders ; for, it is stated that, on
the 21st of October upwards of 57,0001. of the bills said
to be forged were redeemed from the Bank, by monies
raised from the present holders.
The Bank of England can come forward with a pecu-
liar grace in support of the public, and cite its own con-
duct under nearly similar circumstances : viz., some
Bank clerks once obtained possession of several bank
notes, which were perfect in every respect save the signa-
ture; the signature they forged, and issued the notes to
the public. What was the conduct of the Bank on the
occasion ? They justly said, how were the public to
know that the notes were forgeries, when they are the
same in every respect as every other bank note in circu-
lation, and it is the general appearance of the note,
and not the signature, which the public trust. The
Bank, therefore, hanged the delinquents, but they paid
the notes.

After adding that the East India Company and other
moneyed interests should press on Government the pay-
ment of these bills, the writer thus concludes :
The public very justly ask—Who appointed the offi-
cers of the Exchequer, through whose neglect this fraud
has occurred? Who ordered more Exchequer bills to be
manufactured and printed than were necessary for the
public service? Who filled in the numbers of the Ex-
chequer bills? Who stamped them? Who issued them?
Who signed Exchequer bills in other places than at the
Exchequer-office, thereby (however unconsciously) giv-
ing facilities to this fraud being effected? The answer
to all these questions is—the Government, or those ap-
pointed by the Government. The rejoinder of the pub-
licthen is—that the Government must pay them.

The foregoing observations are submitted to the con-
sideration of every candid mind; their object is to prove
that the fraud could never have occurred if due caution
had been observed on the part of the Government; and
that from the circumstance of the fraud centering in the
individual selected by Government to fill the important
post of Chief Issuing Clerk of the Exchequer, it was mo-
rally impossible for the public to guard against, or to
detect it.

SIGHT AND HEARING.
Copy of a Letter from the late Henry Cowper,
Esq., of Tewen.waters, Herts., to Mr. W. F. France, who is re.
siding at 22, Spring.gardens. "Tewen-waters, Herts., March 21,
1840. Sir, In justice to the Messrs. Solomons about the time men-
tioned in the extract of the advertisement which you have sent
me, I beg to inform you that I certainly did write to theta to that
effect y before I possessed the Voice Conductor Sound Magnifier,
I had been stone deaf. lam within two months of my 67th year,
and can still feel the comfort and benefit of the Sound Magnifiers
Invisible Voice Conductors. I am, Sir, your obedient sec.
vont, Henry Cowper."—Messrs. S. and E. Solomons, 39,
Albemarle.street, opposite the York Hotel, and
76, King William-street, City, state that their newly.
invented Invisible Voice Conductor Sound Magnifiers enables per-
sons at an advanced age, and of forty and fifty years' standing of
extreme deafness, to join in general conversation, and to catch the
sound of a distant low speaker at a public assembly. They are the
size of a very small gold seven.shilling piece, and when in the
cavity of the ears, they are not the least perceptible nor more un-
comfortable than having a small piece of fine wool in its place.
Messrs. Solomons' newly.invented Spectacles, immediately they are
placed before imperfect vision, that mist and dullness which appears
before the eyes is at once removed, every object becoming clear and
distinct, so that the most aged defective eye-sight becomes bright
and brilliant, and is brought to its youthful, natural, and ori-
ginal state.

-
THE RUSSIAN ...A
false glitter of outward ARISTOCRACY. Through a
barba-
rism yet untouched cultivation the inward e
would peer forward, assert its tin..
conquered condition and defy. even the decencies of life.
Thus, at a grand
glass was laid bl party a serf in attendance who broke a
eeding on the ground by a blow from his
master
, and, after a few excuses by the host, dinner
proceeded as usual. Surveying the domestic circles of
the higher classes, Captain Jesse says there is no affec-
tion to be found among them ; in a few years the husband
and wife arrive at that degree of indifference that they
C nnive at each o her's intrigues. Self-respect did not
seem to exist. One nobleman reminded his wife, in the
presence of his daughters, that her paramour's carriage
was waiting for her ; another opened a sort of low tea-
garden for the amusement of the prostitutes of St..Pe-
tersburgh, and officiated as master of the ceremonies, walk-
ing a la Simpson, from table to table to see that his guests
were comfortable. And this, belt understood, was not a low
frolic, but a purely commercial speculatioi., the price of
admission being five roubles a-head. Isolated instances
of profligacy, of course, occur in all countries, but in
Russia this exploit scarcely occasioned any surprise what-
ever. The fellow-nobles of the " Master of the Ceremo-
nies" simply inquired whether the concern was a good
speculation.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to ho-
nour the author of the forthcoming "Addresses to Y.( wh,"
with permission to send a copy of the work for the future
I use of his Royal Hihness the Prince of Wales. Her
Majesty has I4so or4ered a copy for the Royal Library.