The Sun.
London, England, 1840-04-07 00:00:00

EVENING EDITiGIS'

in the Joatruefous which I think erroneoue ens the order
in page 2 of the prieted papers,it is this : " In execution
the said commiseion you will take up your residence in t
pit of Canton, in the dominion of the Emperor
Chine ; and you will discharge the several duties ce•nfid
to• you by the said Commission and Orders in Council
spcnitely at Canton aforesaid," tic —(Hear, hea.".
The House would perceive that there orders we
peremptory, and that • there had been no pre- II;
emus communication to the Court of Pckirt
Toe House observes that nothing was said in his instruc-
ti •ns with respect to a passport on the spot, but the order
to Lord Napier is to proceed and establish himself as
of right at Canton. The next point which I
think was erroneous is to be found at
pa''e 4. where Lord Napier is ordered to announce
his ar.i.sl at Canton, by letter to the Viceroy. These
orders prejudiced the Chinese, and were made without
any previous communication or consultation. Then,
as to the point which I think is defective ; and in the
course of what I have to address to the House, I shall
show that the Noble Lord and I agree that there was
a defect in the original orders of the Consul. The point
where the instructions were defective arises as to the mode
in which the power was exercised by the 6th clause of the
China Trade Aet, whereby a traesfer was made of the
power enjoyed by the supercargoes of the 'East India
Company to the Superintendent. It subsequently
came to the knowledge of the Noble Lord
as is stated in the dispatch, to which I shall hereafter re-
feeethat there was art error in that. When the China
Tree Act was passed, the power vested in the superear-
goesellid ceased to exist. The power vested in the suft
a,pes was the power of withdrawing the li-
e from those wLo trseed on the waters of
China-1 more vindictite and grasping power can-
not be conceived, because at that time no trade
Wig permitted except under license. An absolute and
ar .itrary poser of withdrawing the license gave, therefore,
tit:limited power to the supercargoes; it was an ample
power, end the attempt to convey to the Superintendent
the preset exercised by the supercargo was an entire
failure of the pewee, inasmuch as the authority
shish wag s.u3ht to be conveyed had been
r.rescind,d by an Act of Parliament anterior to
tits China Trade Act. Now the portion of the instruc-
tions to which I entirely adhere are to be found in the thin
page in which there is that most solemn direction to the
Superintendent to the utmost of his ability to proteetHaitish
sub;cets. Now observe these words,not in all their ominercal
stteculatians, not in their trade in general without limitation
hut in the peaceable prosecution of all lawful enterprises
in which they may be engaged in China;—(Loud cries of
hear,)—and it then tells the superintendent that
be is to observe all possible moderation, " cautiously to ab.
stain from all unnecessary use of menacing language
or from making any appeal for protection to our aaPitary
or naval forces, unless in any extreme case. The most
evident nece,sity shall require that any such menacing
language ebould be holden, or that any such appeal
should be made ; and we do further command and
require you, in the general discharge of your duties,
as such superintendents to abstain from and avoid all such
catiduc, language, and demeanour, as might needlessly
excite jealousy amongst the inhabitants of China," and
it goes on, " we do require you constantly to bear in
mita% and to impress, as occasion may offer, upon our sub. '
jet ts resident in, or:ri sorting to China, the duty of conforming
(LEFT SPEAKING.)

gers—this is their general I- olicy ; and as to Great Bri-
teU, it is with more than ordinary caution maintained. It
cir.*:-*. ,Va:7:cer, fe.Y erne moment at a natural cause of th .t
je donsy. The± bee rmly to look across the Himalaya,
and they see Hinde4taii pio4rate at the feet of Great
Brdeirt —( Hear, hear.) The' 'sae not so ignorant
is's not to be perfectly aware of the policy
that W. tie' f!iie eonauest. Hardly a century is rest since
our empire, by dee: e... 1 ttorinnings, arose ; and how OA it
arise ? It arose under the t'reermee of trade and the sem-
blence of commerce. Scarcely a CeietWry ?tad elapsed eince
otor f)rst factory was established in that etsWafree We be-
gun by builder a. warehouse ; we surrounded it eri'sle walls ;
we added a dith; wt Sfeneed our workmen; we increeend
the number of Europeans: ,:fstt formed a garrison; we
treated with the native powers; we :Mr i,covered their
weakness ; that garrison marched out ; Clive seppeared ;
Arcot oas seized and defended; the battle of F-'7asey was
won; what Clive commenced the Wellesleys concluded,
Seringapatam was taken, the: Mysore was vanquished, and
the Mahratta war was terminated by the battle of Aesaye,he
and India become ours.—(Cheer' ) Nor it this all—t
Indus and the Ganges no longer bound the fireite of our
empire—the Hytespes has been passed—Cabal and Care-
dither have witnessed the advance of our armies—Central
Asia trembles at our presence, and almost acknowledges
our dominion, and on the borders of such an empire is it
not natural that the Chinese, seeing what has passed,
should feel the utmost jealousy at the settlement of any
of the British within their territories.—( Hear. ).. Their
whole policy is fixed upon two cardinal points 'lilt
exclusion of strangers from residence as of right
within their territories, and from direct communicrien
with the vice-regal authority. Now, Sir, we hwe carried
on an unsuccessful commerce with that country for two
centu ies. A great change took place in the manner of
conducting it, when it was taken trom the direct control of
the East India Company. I hope the Haute nil permit
me to read some 1 ae agss from an admirable let ce eritten
in the year 1832, by the Directors of the East India Com-
pany to their Superintend:Ala resident at Canton.
The letter was wri ten in answer to a cornmunica
tion received from the Sup.rietendant during the pre-
ceeding year, stating the circumstances of a miss
understanding which had occurred between the
Superintendent and the authorities at Canton. I will net
enter at length into the points of that misunderstanding,
but will merely state to the House that it arose out of a
want of proper attention to the prejudices of the Mbinese,
and to the regulations which they had established respect-
ing the admission of British females to the factory at Cane
ton, and from the enlargementof theesplanade in front of that
factory by a few feet. I quote this letter with tins
greater confidence because I know that the matter of it
was the subject of great deliberation to the Ministers, and
I believe that it was submitted to the head of the Govern-
ment at that period, and met with his cetire approval. At
all events it is a document which, at the present time more
i specially is well worthy the attention of the II else. Tip,
Right Hon. Baronet then read a dispatch from the Board
of Directors to the British Superietersdant at Canton,
dated the 13. h January 1332, in which the hoard stated
that the trade to Coina had origitially been sought by
themselves, and that the advantages which it y ielded them
were great, and that, notwithstanding the attempts whieli
had been made to adopt a beliegerent policy, they were
convinced that a pacific course was best to be pursued in
their intercourse with the Ca n a ~ a d t at ti 43; eou'.a rot
refuse to China what our oath ceur. try claimed—the right
exclusively to regulate the greunde en vehleh any inter.
course would be permitted with other countrieg. They
impressed en the Sup rin'endent the fee: that China mita'
perfectly free to imgittate her own etlairs wi hut the 'n- (Continued from our First Edition.)
The solicitors generally acted
tervention of any other persono. T ey regrctt •d that any
misunderstanding should have teken place, and stated th t as agents for the Clive
la - in:eettinrest on fothe rmer electionsve Ass o-
. They
it was their desire that the Superintendent should Fell t- vt,ei•e, very instrumental gg up Conservati
toasty avoid entering into any discussion with the Chite : e.i'•i"il•
Government except when absolut ly necessary, avi By Mr. Caeeettee—llad }erudite eny. conenunicati-n wit
that in such a case the discussion should be earn d v. hth
Lord Cliy respecting that i Also-
on with temp r and moderation, and cicistd atSte meixt,:::st::
1 isgleeePrirtt Ms re ewe Fur it objected to the question. Lord
earliest possible period The Directors stated further
Clive tees i.e party before the Committee.
their cesire to correct a dangerous notion, which was bit After the Cemenittee had deliberated for near an hour
too common with the merchants who inhabited Canton, pat ties were re sailed, end inform* d by the Chair-
which was, that nothing was to be gained frost the Calii-
nese by qe;i attention to their laws, but that evervthino was to reeerif thst the Committee had dot onained that the
',lite would not be put, and he was requested atl %live
be gained by their intimidation. You may, for
a tri met.
sa 11Q time O enquire of Mr &meant M reweafeer Tact ler ,v
said the Court of Directors, set the Government of c if:l s are w time ef the Committee by admitting tle agency
China at defiance, but not only do they take the of any of any of the parties ran:
first moment to assert their dominion, ,ert, may Ir. Sergeant MEuEW.EtTi eFidt; was not. instructed to de
teuoe,
take also the first moment to deprive ycu of but he tvitita make inquiries on the subject, and inform
some advantage which either tacitly or openly you have Committeetr_ to-morrow evening.
Lard iow Ice reerred the Learnep Counsel to the evidence,
heretofore enjoyed. They stated that they were borne eie en let Ills awn witnesses upon the ageene rty of Mr.soni Coppoak
the
out in this opinion by the events of 1829. and state that that showeed hill proved agents': pn th pa of eof
they are struck with the contempt exhibited by the S - gentlemen named. he
perintendant for the authorities cf China, and his Mr. REvis was then recalled, and mid considered
unwarrantable freedom in commenting on the laws that Mr, William Holmes had the whole management
and institutions of that Empire. ( Hear, hear 1 of the electien. On the Monday lie saw It-e, He me
The real and sound principle of the management of our and in the hearidg. srl Mr. Clive, that gentlernat' spoke
iwereouase with Chine, and of our trade with that countr‘ t something of briber}. Mr. Holmes was upon
.1.;
la 1 been laid down with explicit strength and truth in this ,e ~omitted in Denham-house; so also was witness. AllAtwi .
document. Two hundred years of experience and of a po- ricitors in the , Cliye interesti referred
Committeeman
matters to
pre-
bey ..
bey which ended in the most successfell manner, bear tea- Holmes and hecr t,edgeneral yas a
timony to the wisdom of those views. In the same paper senacfr.4Coor;aris" :libinitied that he Lad a right to ask as teary
a reference is made to opinion of a Reverend and Nob'e acts don-617'1/re Holmes.
Friend of mine, now no more. Application had b:en Mr. Set-leant AJEREWEATHER. would Met° ask a few qua- i
made to Lord William Bentinck by parties who sought tons first. • Witness thought himself a committee-man, but i
for ' certain demonstrations a ainst China, and his there MB no positive appointment. Knew that there
aasever to them was, that it was quite impossil le was a Committee, but he was not cognizant of any appoint-
to doubt that the discontinuance of trade with China won Id meats until the Monday previous to the nomination-day, when
be oie of the greatest calamities which could befall the :Nile Holmes apnointed the pereons to bring up the eotere. ,
E-st India Company and the nation. He added that it There was a permanent Chairman appointed—no secretary, nor •
was the bounden duty of the Company to give the it beet was it stated on the deer that such-and-such a room was a s
Cemmittee-rom. He knew that farce was a C.oommittee, be-
aid to the establishment of so great a source of revenue
aed commerce to this cost try. lie thought that the cause it wee always considered that the solicitors who sup-
measure of intimidetten woull be justified by the proceed- paned the 'Clive interest formed a Committee. Witness
lacted as secretary to the Committee formed at the Blue Boar—
ings of the Chinese Government, and that he could not on the door there it vow stated to be tile committee roon.. He 1
l: id himself without the sanction of a superior authority to I took the office of sscretary at the request of the meeting. lie
any change in the pacific policy' which hid been hitherto omit minutes, which he afterwards took to Denham House:,
Misr ably and successfully followed towards Caine. That committee ro On was quite a bliad.
1 will not detain the House by reading any more of these Re-examined.—The 'due Boar committee was not a general
docu nents, the publ:cation of which preceded the change committee—it nut merely for thei pnrposde of
bodymomma
duties
w h'i el: usually'
I wed upon Here, tyro
'C'r:tee) rnpeittee. On lb^ Monday he was sent
the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, when the Chinese trade
Act was introduced. I am, therefore, responsible for for to the private room in Denharn House, and had an interview
with Mr. Holmes in the presence! of Mr. Clive. Mr. Holmes
every portion of the Act, and I hold myself responsible also aeted him if he thought he could secure the vote of Mr. Phillip
for the instructions issued by the British Government witee,sseiehethought hecould ; and he asked:sir. Holmes what
at that time, as well at for everything whirls oas the sum to be given. Mr. H. asked how much would be re-
tece took place with reference to Chi, a ; but it is my paired. Witnesssanithe voter would not vote with the Conserva-
misfortune to differ at present with those who were then tee party, but he might be out of the
Mayor a eunsideration.
my colleagues on other grounds. It would be vain to nsa he would offer £O, and act do so. Hef
dissemble the morives which then induced me to be- went to the eteer, but he would not accept the mo.stey,,anrt
lime it politic and necessary to make a change in would vote with the Radical party.
spoken
theof sitt,tr;lc.mitiNnvaldle.
our intercourse with Chna, and to establish what west eon
.11, said A.lr. Williams had been
sidered a monopoly. It must, however, be admitted that 1 .IV lliams lout spoken to him upon the subject.
Me. Cot:K.ll(7u s, state what that conversation wen-
t tat change was attended with considerable danger. It
was so felt at th : time, and those who hid the Mr. Sr RGT. Meeteweeseeteit objected to tLe question. What
I had taken place was not :n the presen,e of Mr. Cliee—it was not
g eatest knowledge end experience of China—of the cha-
racter of its pecialer and its trade, expressed in the most i otj-,eoawtilit'ileisiso.r wSasnCitlntYcott
marked and decided mariner the dissent ho n the course M. Coceetiee world not insult the Committee by wasting
which Lord Grey's Government adopted at the time. their rime in argunes so is cart a int.
person..e r
sa
tilanr,s
ss present butld
nota biNel astir. e
eNti; iNl,lidam s and
I know not if I can refer to any authority on the subject The Committee, withoutearing the room, decided tl'at the
more entitled to weight and respect than than of , question might be put.
the Honourable Baronet, the Member for Portsmouth. !
Alm setts 11as recalled. Mr. Williams showed him a paper
on.,NNA'rilll_,.
er
Upon the discussion of the renewal of the East ladia , ~' •
cli were the names of a great number of vutese.
Cuarter, ana before the China trade was thrown open, hut ! "et IF a e-ev r. runA 'it The paper must be prodeced.
Wiin'essgt aHe eitiil, refer give to the paper, Wede and Phillie
imme liately upon its being notified that that trade would
are ft ien
be t. town open, Sir George Staunton moved seer, tell le so-
.,s of yours—will you secure their votes? M. Humes
at Denham House referred to that conversation, and said Mr.
letiems, which were put on record as an amendroont. 1 Philips's vote was to be secured. On the day of polling. Mr.
I must say that those re!olutio is were not treated 'Holmes, in Mr. R. H. Clive's presence, at the C‘ mrnittee-room
wi li so much attention as they deserved.—( Hear, bear.) io ths Blue Boar, had a conversation with witeess.
Id i not know whether upon that occasion toe Hon Mem- 1 Mr. Com:milts proposed to ask what that conversation wash
ber for Br:dport made his usual motion for aeij iurn- I Mr. Sergeant. MEREWEATHEA objected to the question,
.be-.
meet —(Eaughter)—but this I do know, that one of then 1 cause the candidate, Mr. H. CliVe, was not pre'"ntn'Crliive(l.
Sheriffs of London took the Occasion to coun: out it, been established that,Mr. Holmes was an agent tor. Mr.
{the House, and in consequence Sir George was defeated in , Mr. Cocenu es would not detain the Committee further
than to beg the Committee to remember all the cogent and
W m •
'Ws intention on.that first occasion of putting these eta-
, cOnclusive.arcru,aents of his Learned Fjends, Mr. Sergeent
tiOns upon record. But the Hon. Baronet persevered, and
he moved those resolutions which now stand upon N'lereweather and Mr. Austin, in their opening, as to agency
and treating, against Mr. Alleock. What was sauce for the
the minutes of the House as a memorial •of geiese must be sauce for the gander--(Laughter)—what was
h•s sagacity, of his knowledge, and of the lase for the parson must be law for the clerk. He only wanted
w adorn which dictated them.—( Hear, hear) With the that, that which
v! as law for the serg•ant with his *ilk gown
permission of the House I will read one or two of those should be law also for the stuff one.—(
Laughter.) After
resolutions which bear so closely upon the present state of recapitulating the evidence, he contended that there neynerurNiinas
affairs. The Right Hon. Baronet then read the 6th and a clearer case oft agency proved beforeh any Committee.arjnou_
nce el that thge
7th resolutions, which were to the effect that the trade the Earn as
at , ewnatv eeirnsa.ti
thes i:
decisioniwec
owfatshe Committee, there
with China would not be carried on without the previous
sanction of the Imperial Government at Pekin, and that Pure, hreerm'avianssovier till to'-morrow.—Adjourned.
any a tempt which might be made to Appoint a national
officer for the protection of trade :oust be liab e
t, compromise of the honour and dignity of the Crown,
and that any attempt to establish such an office must be
premised by a successful embassy to Pekin. The House
will see that Sir Georgo Staunton states as preliminary
matter, it must be a primary object to obtain the sanction
of the Government of Pekin before establishing any offi-
cer at Canton, and he goes on to recommend that the
English should constitute an Admiralty Court at Canton
fur the cognizance and punishment of homicides, &c. To
mite latter portion of his advice attention was paid in the
Act which was introduced, but to the former no attention
whatever oas paid, no attempt to negotiate with the
Government of Pekin was made preliminary to the
establishment of the Superintendent at Canton.
Now, Sir, I think it better, as a very considerable portion
of this case turns upon one clause in the China Trade Act,
if the House would pardon me—l fear lam occupying the
House —(No, no)—I think it would lead them to under-
stand more clearly what I shall think it myhduhtymst.oassalynbseetraitc.red
I sit down if I should read the clauseofs
irw George Staunton,
according to the recommendation
for the trial of British subjectst even in the waters of
and Learned Friend
Canton. I may appeal to my H
the Judge• of the Admiralty Couratu,.. if this clause was not
But
et least a straining beyond the international law.
it was under the peculiar circumstances recommended by
Sir G. Staunton, and adopted by Lord Grey's Government,
I pray the attention of the House to the very large powers
which are given by that clause. (The Right Hon . Ba
ronet than read the clause, which was to the effect ' that
it may be lawful to her Majesty, ',by an Order in Council
to give to the Superintenden, or any of them, power
over the trade and commerce of her Majesty's
subjects in any part of the Chinese dominions,
and to make regulations for the Government of tee Ma-
jesty's subjects in their dominions."] This not only were
the very largest powers for regulating the trade and com-
merce of her subjects, brit the Chinese dominions were
given to the Superintendent ; but it was also
enacted that lie should certainly have the power
to impose penalties, forfeitures, and imprisonments, and to
make such regulations as may be necessary in the manner
specified by the Order in Council, and that it might be
lawful to her Majesty in Council to establish Courts of
Judicatui o in those dominions, or in the ports, harbours.
and havens thereof, and in the seas within one hundred
miles of the Chinese coasts." I think I am
not misrepresenting that clause,when I say that was not pos-.
ed
sible for any terms to be longer,then the terms then employ
It gave to her Majesty's Council (so long as she ch.onsethteo
exercise it) and arbitery power over her subjects 1
..e
dominions of China, and on the waters Trishabtrinemspmi e
limited only to 100 miles from the coast.
to Lord Napier's mission, and I beg to staotetthat i hold
skrieking
myself strictly responsible and
in the slightest degree from _ anismya..nshare in the
point out to
instructions to Lord Napier.
which I u
h I think previous
the House the points u p
exopnorience proved that those
warning and subsequent ne part of the instruc-
instructiion ons were wrong. Os
was defective, but the remainder was well
t
adapted to meet the circumstances of the case. The clause

VIIO

LUDLOW ELECTION-THIS DAY•

---- - - - „ .
THE DAGUERREOTYPE.—The following com-
munication appeared in the Belfast News Lqter-:—" In Sep-
tembn I addressed to you a letter on the subject of Photogenic
drawing, and mentioned therein the singular feet of silvered
paper treated in the same manner as silver plated on op
cpet.—
namely, the lights reveised—consequently, gradations of tints
in nature were changed. A number of experiments which I
have made convince me that I have attained the treat desidera-
tum of reproducing the beautiful images of nature on a cheap
substance, and as perfect as the Daguerreotype. 1 now
send
you a specimen of photogenic drawing, according to N. Da-
guerre's invention, adapted to our temperature and latitude, taken
from the top of my dwelling-house. I would have done so, as I
then promised, but for the delay occasioned by the difflcalty
of obtaining Daguerre's plates, and which I was unable
to procure until manufactured for myself, according to my di-
rections. The resources and facilities of this invention are al-
together new and interesting, and will be productive of the
greatest benefit to science, astronomy, natural history, botany,
architecture, mechanics, &c., and will realize by its use
whatever the most enthusiastic imaginings could conceive.
The operation, when known, is simple, and may be practised x
by any lady or gentleman, by attending to a few directions. I ,
shall not fail to submit for your inspection views of our public 4.
buildings, streets, and adjacent scenery.—l am, &e., F. S
BRATTY. Belfast, 26th March, IMO." Thu News Letter
adds—" We have examined the specimen referred to by Mr,
Beatty, and it is at once minutely perfect and extremely beau-
iful."
Lady Ann Anson, daughter of the Earl and
Countess of .Litchfield, will be presented at the drawing-room
on Thursday next by the Countess of Litchfield.
- ,The. officers of , the 3d, or Prince of Wales's
Dragoon Gu?rds, gave a sumptuous farewell hall and supper to
all the rank, beauty, and fashion of Mid-Lothian.,,atdthe
1H: op%
town Rooms, Edinburgh, on Wednesday. last . detachc meti
s and the other implements
decorated with carbines, sabres, flag s+ of the regiment, was drawn up in the lobby, whi was
--Ile
CHINESE QUARREL.
of wr. The company mustered in number
truth 400.
is—and the
valuable—the commercial
admission, as'regards this straggle,
enforcing the necessity
e part of one or
been brought to souse crisis of
impossible
intercourse of Ohina wo-i:lisitrhaetionnaatianotantlisensarovesfta,on Christendom must have
and
lucrative
is prat iccaaml l
Of a•rery serious dent . , I
ymerce with
nation to carry
nirrraenoyf the
others, and }e. • • refuse to enter into some species of diplomatic
" outside fnorneaiggnerersa.:
relation with them. The inconveniences of the want of such re-
cognised relations may be endured for a season ; but individual
vi,;ienees, on one side or the other, are sure, at some time or
other, to bring the redectio ad absurdum: and now that the
crisis has arrived in this case, our only prayer is that it may be
made use of wisely.— Quarterly. "

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT•

HO USE OF COMMONS, APRIL 6.
For the set'ond teadmg
Against it y ...
11
Majority ita.favour of the second reading —i6

HOUSE OF LORDS, Arm 6.
IRISH MUNICIPAL REFORM BILL.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY said—in
c)ntinuation tom our Second Edition, an extract from
a speech of Mr. Macaulay's-at Edinburgh, 21st January,