The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-18 00:00:00

_MORAL TAM WORT H.
(from the Examiner.)
A miniature :..t!.ttle of thv Premier, a ful!-!ength not
A span krig, was exe::ute.-1 the other day, to the admira-
tion of the curious in small matters. This miniature
statue wou'd ncvertheles be a gross exaggeration of
the size of life, if the height of the great origina wire
to be measured by some of the little doings imputed to
him. We do not place credence in all that the world
says even of S;r Robert Peel, nor do we rest implicit
faith in the subjoiced statement, which is published as
an extract from a letter from Mr. Acland," and re-
mains uncontradicted

" There is in Tarnworth a grammar school, founded
by Sir Itot,ert's father, for the gratuitous education of
the children of the inhabitants, so long as a Peel shall
represent the borough ; and I am credibly informed
that the master (S.r.vage by name, and, as it should
seem, servile by nature) informed the boys a few da3s
since that he had received a letter from the Prime
Minister, ordering him to discharge the children of all
those who had signed the petition ? The way keing
thus prepared, the relieving officer and his colleagues
went, round to the parents of he children to • inquire'
if they had signed that important document. And the
public may believe that some disclaimers were the con-
requence."

If there be any truth in this statement, some invalu-
able moral lessons have crowned the system of tuition
adopted in the Tamwcrth Grammar School. The few
lines, indeed, are full of them—they overflow with
morality.
First, there is an established temple of knowledge
wherein electors may be legally bribed, by the gratui-
tous education of their children, to return a Peel mem-
ber, whatever may be his opinions or qualtfications—
the school to be shut up the moment the borough
ceases to be open to the descendants of its founder ;
thus realiz;ng one of the evils (that of off•-ring a bribe
;n the shape of a reward cArtingent (rpm success) which
it is said the Ballot would produce. Tile infamy to be
horn of the ballot-box is bred already, it seems, is the
Tarowoith Grammar School.

Next there is the teacher communicating to his pu-
pils, en the authority of the Queen's Prime Minister
himseif, the inatruc'ive a,tel affecting te4son, that their
parents have been guilty of some dark offence, whereof
ingratitude to the dispenser of gratuitous education is
the very least ingredient ; yes, guilty of something too
mysteriously criminal for lit t`e boys to understand, but
demanding the visitation of the sins of the fathers upon
the children, by instant dismissal and disgrace.
Then cotres the edifying spectacle of the parents,
when questioned by the scrutineers, disavowing their
own reitions, and prochirning their genuine signatures
to be forgeries ; perhaps, fastening their proper pothooks
upon other people, in their eagerness to avoid suspicion,
and tracing their own legitimate crosses t 3 a neighbour
over the way.
Sir Robert, when he boasts of the morality that
abounds in Tainworth, does net do it justice ; he •should
describe the agencies that are vainly employed to extin-
guish it. He would best show its triumph, by showing
the workings of Toryism for its destruction. Recent
events, sufficiently authentic,te.l, would aid Lim, with-
out the assistance of this moro apocryphal, though un•
contradicted, story of the Grammar School.

THE CENSUS MDCCCXLI.
(From the Spectator.)
The returns of the Census lately completed, we are
informed, will show an increase of upwards of 80 per
cent. on the population of 1831 in the great mai:Lilac-
turiog districts, and a decrease of 21- per cent. in
the agricultural district=. The rate of increase on
the whole nation is about l 2 per cent. The most rapid
increase has taken place in Lancashire, Lanarkshire,
and Forfarshire. These facts suggest two observations,
which we address to the serious attention of all who
have it in their power to influence the measures of
Government or the Legisl nine.
The first regards the bearing of the facts upon the Free
Trade controversy. The rapid increase of population
in the manutacturing and slight decrease in the agricul-
tural districts, have be ee mainly caused by the migration
of labourers from the letter to the former. Cceteris
paribus it will be found, that the ratio of children born
in the country to the population there is at least as
great as that of the children born in townr, and that
the proportion of children who survive is not less.
The population of the manufacturing districts has been
increased by families flocking into them in search of
employment and food ; the population of the agricultu-
rel districts has been elminished because numbers who
could not find there the means of subsistence have gone
to reek it in the manufacturing districts. The number of
indivedua!s who can support themselves within the com-
pass of Great Britain by cultivating the sod bat parsed
its maximum ; all future additions to the population
must earn their support by manufacturing industry, or
they must starve. But, owing to the restrictions im-
pcsed upon trade, narrowing our markets, the present
tor manufacturing industry is :ate/Lily over-fillett ;
there afe more people i.vl!ing to work to the manufae..
turing districts than can find sufficient employment and
vkages to provide them adequately with the necetisa-ies
of life. There is only one way to relieve our already
superabundant population, and pravide for inevitable
increase—that is, to extend our markets by removing
every restriction which prevents men from trading, to
nny place where a profitable return is to be had. The
produce of our soil can feed, clotle, and otherwise
maintain, a certain number of human beings ; the
feltries into which our native mister:al and other raw
products, with those we import from abroad, can be
worked up, will buy food and other means of mainte-
nance from other countries for a certain number more :
the ficl I of agricultural employment is flied up and
runnitsg over ; the only resource for the surplus is to
leave the country, or to add to the numbers of those
already employed in manufactures. The restrictions on
commerce, which narrow the field of manufacturing in-
dustry, are neither more nor less than laws for keeping
down the people to a limited number by starving them.
Our second remark relates to the bearing of the facts
stated above on the question of Paliamentary Repre-
sentation. At present the Representatives returned
by the influence of the landowners constitute the ma-
jerity of the Hquse of Commons. How long will this
be tolerated, seeing that a process is going on by which
the population of the manufacturing districts is rapidly
incte ising and that of the agricultural districts
graltenly diminishing ? The returns of three 'farmer
censuses give tLe following comparative proportions of
tauel cc, in centesimal parts—
linge qed in Engagi'd in Engaged
_ _

Agricidture. Trade, &c. othi::rw-iso. Total.
1511
1821
1531
The seeming addition to the proportion of families not
engaed either in trade or agriculture, in 183 i, was
owing to an improved mode of classification. On the
two former occasions, labourers in the agricultural
districts employed in mines, road-making. and the
fisheries, had been classed as agriculturists, wherever
they were accustomed to cultivate their own gardens or
work its the fields during harvest; in tl'e manufacturing
districts, all persons engaged in road-making, inland navi-
gation, car a:e.See., had been classed as engaged in menu
facture.s. In 1831,the families ot all such individuals were
mnsel to the third column. Now, from 1811 to 1831
there had beea a steady increase in the number of c"
sons employed in transporting goods, making re ..--
the management of inland navigation in .ads, and
turing districts; while the class es' ' . the rnatsufac-
half-labourers had gradualle ' ... half-manufacturers
agricultural districts, I. .., oeen diminishing in the
the factory-syst ..otn the greater development of
-
fore, of th- ...an. The progressive decrease, there-
np,-- ..., number of families dependent for support
agriculture, as. compared with the number de-,
I henelent on trade and manufactures, must be if any-
thing underriveil in the table quoted above from the
I Population Returns. It appears, tt ea, that the num-
ber of fans ltrs dependent for support upon trade and
manulactuie,, had for twenty years previous to 1831
exceeded that of the families dependent upon agricul-
ture; and since 1831 the population of the manufac-
turing distric, s has inereace I thirty per cent while
tl hdlimlh,eminjor,i,e.ulißtirel districts hascxperiened 'a
posi-
tivethe agrieulturnise.'sma:e
y a styled), and uniform process,
.becoming a smeller and smaller
minority. T
ignorant this case is not a mere in-
digent and
majority 7, the minority does not
embrace exclusively wealthy and inteliigent.
The value of the rnirte e
capital
litainl voe;:tterandeaienhuinnetrr3y.' ; anducitl t
hbeu ill6dri on::
athned
agricultural
direaal
is increasing while the lattTeruusetermadse'neaatrllyeastot equal
quite
eskilled labourers of
; whe.cral in intelli-
re ached its utmost 'lois.the manufactering districts aregence to the agricultural labourers
.atre upperi
upuiut and,
,p,sthin the skilled
artisans there will be found a class toi
equal. to
culturing can produce no parallel. The the egri-
midele classes of the manufacturing interest are
of natural abilities and acquirements
vq,ni
ien
those of the agricultural interest,
mere physical strength, it is a miztakethteo
manufacturings thatuppoPsaertiuof
the agriculturists as a class exci 1 the reanueicio • j
labourers. Io every other respect
c'a'ses are at least equal to the agricultural, and el
r aptitude of combined operation they surpass them as
much as they do in numbers. Under these circum-
stances, it is not in the nature of things t: at the " !andel
preponderancy"
in time House of Commons should much
'lnger be tolerated.
We mere!), state facts : the application is left to be
made by the parties interested. Where the wealth,
numbers, and it telligence of a nation reside, there will
the power be else. The transfer of power from a retro-
grading to a growing interest canna be averted either
by declamation or logic.

,The evening before last,
as several getioarmes
were fi were try-mg to separate some men who g
hting in w
a street outside the Barriere de la Cuurtiile, they
were resisted, not only by the combatants, but also by
a crowd of people, who were witnessing the scene.
During the scuffle that ensued, one of the gendarmes
received a most dangerous wound in the thigh from a
knife, and was obliged to be removed to aR hospital in a
ma* Two of the tut:n who were creating the distuxb-
eme *-re esr€stcd.

INCREASE IN THE ROYAL NAVY.'

(r )74 .. ))))
The dock-yars of Woolwich, Shevrocss, Chatham,
Port:Ancuth, Plymouth, and Pembroke, pre.Tut quite a
warlike appearance, as for the I.t.t three weeks the greatest
activity prevails in gutting ready immediately for active
service no less than twenty-five ships of war, of different
classes, in consequence of the unsettled state of our
relations with the United States of America and China.

Great difficulty is experienced in obtaining able-
bodied seamen to man the vessels put in commission ; in
consequence of which the Lords of the Admiralty issued
yesterday the following Notice, which was posted up in
the environs of the Tower, the St. Katherine, London,
East and West India Docks, Greenwich and Woolwich,
and extensively circulated at all the ports :
" Landsmen of good character can be entered for the
Royal Navy, provided they are not less than 5 feet
7 inches in height, nor exceeding 25 years of age.
" The above must combine good physical power with
muscular strength, and will have to undergo a strict
medical examination. Preference will be given to water•
men, or men accustomed to barges and other river craft.'

DOLBORN BRIDGE VIADUCT.
The model of Mr. John A. Galloway's plan of a
viaduct from Hato -garden to the S sracan's Head,
Skinner-street, exhibited on Thursday in the Court of
Common Council, has been very much discus:el by the
members of the C rporation, and the subject will undergo
immediate consideration in the Court. He states sub-
stantially the object and plan, to the following effect :
Tile numerous accidents which are daily occurring,
occasioned by the steep and slippery ascents of Hol-
born-hill and Skinner-street, are too notorious to need
more than a passing reference, nor can it be necessary
to do more than mention the inconvenience sustained
by the public in consequence, because the number of
plans which have been suegested to obviate the diffi-
culties sufficiently attests that the public mind is
alive to the subject. Almost all the plans hitherto
suggested have, however. foiled, either because they
have proposed schemes which would create an entirely
new lice of street, or so fill up the old line, as to
destroy the value of the houses and shops, and thus the
trade would be diverted, and the preseat traffic, which
cre tea business, taken away. Avoiding both these
errors, and profiting by the failure of other schemes,
the projector of the present plan has devised a viaduct,
which he thinks will entirely obviate the objection urged
against a new line of roa.i, and at. the same'time will
enhance the value of the houses on the present toe by
diminishing the traffic in the street, which brings no
businesa, and will I tore the foot and such of the car-
riage passengers as may have business on Holborn.
hiil, Farringdon or Skinner streets. It is intended that
Halborn-hill, from Hatton-garden to the Saracen's
Head, Skinner-street, shall be widened where re-
quired, so as to form a street of the uniform width of
80 feet. This will be effected by the rem-v of some
of the projecting houses in the line. In the centre of
this street will be built a viaduct 30 feet in width, and
extending in a level line from Hatton garden to Skin-
ner-street. This ";:duct will be used only for
horses and carria;es passing direct from Holborn-hill
to the city, and from the city to the west
end. On either side of the viaduct will remain
the present streets, leaving room on either side for two
carriages to pass each other, and an ample footpath.
This plan will, therefore, preserve to the present lice of
shops all the advantages that are derivable from a great
thoroughfare, while it will relieve the inhabitants from
the pressure and inconvenience of those carriages which
now merely pass their doors without contributing to
their trade. And in order to give a free circulation to
the air, and to make the appearance of the viaduct
light and elegant, it will be carried on light iron arche ,
and of a design so at at once to become an ornament to
the City, while by its utility it will add to the transit of
its traffic, and for ever put an end to those frightful ac-
cidents which are now of almost daily occurrence. It is
proposed to seek from Parliament power to levy a very
slight toll upon horses and carriages to effect so impor-
tant a work ; and from the calculations which have
been made of the daily number of carriages and horses
passing, all the c,•st of purchasing houses and affording
compensation to their occupants, and of erecting the
vi 'fillet, it is considered certain that a profit of at least
10 per cent. on the outlay will be realised. The neces-
sity of some improvement is so apparent, that it is
confidently anticipated that if this plan be not immedi-
ately adopted, some other must be carried into tffeet,
which will divert the trade from, and destroy the value
of, the present line of houses.

This plan, arwe said above, has given rise to a great
deal of discussion. It is by some considered that so
great would bo the saving in cattle by travelliog on a
level line, inst.2ad of pulling up the steep Intl on either
side of Farringd,,n.street, that the viaduct would be-
come at once the exclusive passage for a I vehicles, the
pas,engers in which did not visit the city for the pur-
pose of shopping in that particular locality. This seems
to be the general opinion, and it is believed that the
trade of the busy neiehbourhood would not suffer by
the great relief thus afforded to heavy vehicles ; but it
is objected by se, eral that it would be inconvenient to
build the viaduct in the middle of the street, in con-
sequence of the heavy appearance of an object which,
of whatever materials composed and with whatever skill
and t iste erected, must cast a gloom ever the shops,
likely to interfere with business, which requires in this
time of extensive competition, all the aid deriva de
from show and parade. The most probable course will
be, it is believed, the erection of a viaduct upon Mr.
Galloway's principle, built close to the south side of
Furriogdon-street, Holborn, and Skinner-street, so that
hut a small number of houses may be sacrificed to an
improvement which will be likely to be exceedingly ad-
vantageous. The most influential men in the Cor-
pora..ion are in favour of the latter mode of erecting the
viaduct, as the traffic at present existing will not he in-
juriously affected by it.
The subject will come on for discussion in all proba-
bility on the next Court-day. In the enc4ntime the in-
habitants in the locality are in a slate of excitement as
to the ultimate decision. Some of the members of the
Corporation are in favour of a small toll for inning
over the viaduct, while others say the improvement is
one for which, as great benefits are likely to arise to
the city from its adoption, the Corporation ought to pay
out of their own funds.

[Whatever plan may be adopted, we trust universal
opposition will be made to a toll in a gre it thorough-
fare like this. The Corporation of London is not re-
duced to such a degree of poverty as to be compelled to
establish a nuisance of this kind in the heart ry the City.
—ED. Sun]

THE WOOLLEN TRADE.
the crops
spr
result
latdbe;l probable
caainrePtdinot
tool?
;t
The prospects of the woollen trade for
the
ensuilog winter are far from encouraging.
of the
•tei ventured
urharvest,eodw tiosh,gani
beens:t iwn
he v July,
t lre aetsti The o inion
w
r
not, but what is the amount of the deficiency. Tiv. re
-
e of 1,900,000 qua: tern of foreign rrra;-, 27
had so slight an influence on prices, it
conclutled that no great difference wit'
De experienced
betwixt the price of flour in the •
indt ed, some intelligent n- years 1841 and 1842 ;
price during the enp•-• calculate on a higher
Assuming the than the past agricultural year.
we ~,. • truth of this opinion, it is obvious that
;.- v look for a continuance of ail those embarrass
—4; and painftl circumstances which have characterised
the woollen trade, and in common with it, all the great
staple trades of the nation during the last three years,
and of whiJh the principal features are privations to the
labourer and torturing anxiety to the capitalist. It
is in vain to hope for any great change for the better,
so long as food maintains its present price, or in other
and more plain t'rms, whikt the supply of food is
inadequate to the fuli and healthful sustentation of
our teeming population. To look abroad fur an increase
of demand as a means of relief, is to forget that we sui-
cidally cut off that source, by a practical refusal to ex-
change our produce for such as other nations base to
give us. It may be, and indeed is said, that our com-
mercial system allows us freely to import the foreign raw
material of manufactures, and therefore that we may
look for relief in the larger exchange of our manufac-
tures ere long. To say nothing of the uncertainty as
to the lime when this most desirable consummation is
to be arrived at, we answer that the expectants omit
the trifling circumstance that the power to import raw
matetiul is principal y dependent on the ability of the
mass of our people to consume artiel-,s of clothing ; and
inasmuch as that ability is most seriously lessened by the
absorption of tbeir e trnino in the purchase of food, we
must continue to import on a comparatively small scale ;
and that as a further consequence, the purchases from
us by the nations producing the raw materials in ques-
tion, must be oltimttely measured by our purchases
from them. We have dammed up the stream, and
when its current et ases to flow, and the surface becomes
calm and stagnant, we vittuly expect it to flow again
whilst we pertinaciously and blindly refuse to remove
the obstruction. _ _

---
appear most discouraging.
To-
us the prospects of the"wrehololeoktrafodreno9fitmhemeemdipaitree,
Arcslag% andt restdr
erta:bvlee
achangeo
sfor i
nt
teotut es r s
a.. 0 luonnigu
sets :311e.
tem of commercial policy is pursued. All the results of
that polley plainly appear to us resAvlble into one—an
inadequate supply of food. The process by which we
arrive at this conclusion is simple. The Corn and Pro-
vision-laws, except in years of atatolute searmty, practi-
cally confi:.e the people of this country to the supply of
tl:e home soils. The protective duties by which this
object is s!!cured, force into cultivation infilior lands,
.tuntde. iraisie the price of all the food we produce to the
ley.l of that pruduced from the worst lands under col-
ence, to say nothing of the lalse and unprofit-
able
,
directionand owfltiiheevceerpyital and industry of the na-
tion, the consumption of every article of clothing is
of food, will
suffer
still
fsuurctche,srsiversontrriasectioinn.theliperniccee
too, a narrowing market for the libour of our operatives
is coincident, and in taut consequent, upon a high
and rising price for food. PersittAuce in this system
will aggravate its manifest and gigantic evils. Our soil
does not enlarge, and agricultural improvements have
failed, palpably failed, to force a supply co-equal with
th growth of our own
.populltion. practicaly
rosuitt cur ropittlyiacremsib popuht.:you to the amps.