The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-13 00:00:00

EAST INDIA SHIPPING.

Arrivals.—The Owen Glendower, Toiler, from Bengal,
in the East India Docks—sailed December 17, Madras 28,
Cape February 10, and St. Helena 26. Reliance, Pat-
tulo, from Bengal, in the River—sailed November 24,
Madras December 9, Cape January 26, and St. Helena
February 10. Duan, from Manilla, at Cowes—sailed
October 9, and St. Helena January 29. John Blake,
Churchward, from Singapore, in the River—sailed Novem-
ber 10, and St. Helena January 28. Malabar, Pollock,
from Bombay, in the River—sailed January 2, Cape Fe-
bruary 10, and St. Helena 22. Tartar, Young, from
Manilla, in the River—sailed November 12, Mauritius
January 12, and Cape February 5.7 Lady Kennaway,
from Bengal, in the River—sailed November 9, and St.
Helena February 1. Greenlaw, Brewer, from Bengal, in
the River—sailed December 5, and St. Helena February
13. Constellation, Service, from Bengal, in the Downs—
sailed November 12, and St. Helena February 5. Man-
darin, from Batavia, off Dover—sailed December 1, and
Cape January 26. Jane, from New South Wales, in the
Downs—sailed from Sydney November 12. Eleanore,
from Bengal, in the Downs—sailed December 7. George
Canning, from Mauritius, at Liverpool—sailed January 3.
Agrippina, from Ceylon, off Dover—sailed November 28,
and Cape January 20. ' Thirteen, from Batavia, off Dover,
for Amsterdam—sailed November 12, and St. Helena
February 2. Frances, from Bombay, off Liverpool—.
sailed December 19, and St. Helena February 18. Sa-
la6/, from Mauritius, off Cork-...sailed December 24.
Arrivals at St. Helena.—The Glenbewee, Feb. 15,
from Batavia, and sailed on the 16th to London ; Espe-
Fancy, 15th, from the Mauritius, and sailed on the 16th to
London ; Milford, 16tb, from the Mauritius, and sailed on
the 16th to Leith ; John Garrow, 18th, from Bombay,
and sailed on the 19th to Liverpool; William Pitt, 18th,
from the Mauritius, and sailed on the 18th to London ;
Carnbyses, 18th, from Calcutta, and sailed on the 19th to
Liverpool ; Spencer, 19th, from the Mauritius, and sailed
on the 20th to Cork ' • Blorengc, 21st, from Calcutta, and
sailed on the 22d to Liverpool ; Munster Lass, 22d, from
the Cape; Fortitude, 22d, from Singapore, and sailed to
London.

Arrivals at Ascension previous to Feb. 26.—Her Ma-
jesty's ship Acorn, from the Cape and St. Helena ;
Tropic, from Batavia ; .Montcfiore, from Calcutta—all
bound to England.
Arrivals at Sydeer, New South Wales.—The Janet
Boyd, Oct. 29, from Greenock ; Mary Taylor, 30th, from
Newcastle; Tuscan, Nov. 2, from Hobart Town; Henry,
4th, from Valparaiso; Pekoe, 6tb, from Dublin. and the
Cape; Triton, from Hobart Town; Royal Consort, 9th,
Triton, 12th, Royal George, 18th, and Regselas—all
from London ; Ann and Mary, Argyleshire, and Lapwing,
from Liverpool.
Departures from Sydney.--The St. George, Nov. 1,
for Newcastle ; Hope, sth, for Manila; Coromandel, 7th,
for Port Philip; Arkwright, Bth, for South America.

His constituents entertain Mr. Brotherton,
M. P., to a public dinner at Salford on Wednesday next.

For many years, the great panacea for all and every
form of Irish evil was a Parliamentary Committee,
and accordingly we have reports on every imaginable
subject. Some of these reports are extremely valu-
able, and most ably compiled. On the subject of the
" State of Ireland" there are many of different poli-
tical complexions, and returned by both Houses. In
all of. them the remarkable feature stands out pro-
minently " the immense value of land in Ireland ;"
in many places it is described as a necessary of life,
and, strong as is the expression, there can be no
doubt that, with our population, it is the exact truth.
Including absentees, the entire number of landed
proprietors in Ireland is from 10,000 to 12,000.
The standard of rent is the highest value of the
land, subject to the deduction only of the meanest
and scantiest provision on which the tenant can ma-
nage to exist. This is a frightful picture. Men are spe-
culoting as to the source of Irish evils and Irish degra-
dation, demure and hypocritical economists are horrified
at the terrible tragedies that from time to time have
bee❑ enacted amongst us. But in common truth, or
common justice, are not these two facts sufficient to
account for all, and were it even more and more hor-
rible ? But the system does not stop there. The Irish
are inured to suffering and oppression. They would to-
lerate the monopoly and extortion of their masters—
but then their masters have been also for the last hundred
years the law makers ! Statute after statute has been
enacted, conferring new and formidable powers, and
these powers have sever been allowed to be inactive.
A deadly system of extermination has been adopted
and worked out on cold calculation, so that, with a
soil capable of maintaining treble its present popula-
lation, there are many hundreds of thousands who can-
not obtain, at any rent, however extravagant, permis-
sion to live otherwise than on the roads or in a work-
house.

Let us briefly state some facts, Ireland is an agri-
cultural country, almost entirely without manufactures.
In a nation of nine millions there are only ten thousand
landed proprietors. Of that nation, from the terrific
system of depopulation in operation, two millions are in
each year either wholly, or in part, destitute. Can the
ten thousand imagine that things can so continue ?
But it is not to the fears of class that we would
principally appeal, and, fortunately, in the present mat-
ter, the interests of the landlord and his tenantry are
identical. It is admitted by all that the institution of
property is the basis of civilization. Many of the
faults that appear inherent in the character of the
Irish peasant, would be removed if a fixed property
gave him a motive and a reward for his industry.
The system of late years in England and Ireland
has been to break up all small farms, and then the value
et such proceeding is instanced by the large surplus
produce to be disposed of. In the first place it is evi-
dent that the surplus produce could be as well disposed
of to a resident healthy yeomanry, as to an enfeebled
city population, and secondly, it is a great deal more
than doubtful, whether a large surplus is obtained, or as
cheaply from large farms or from smaller ones. The
Irish peasant has shown, in the temperance movement,
that, under disheartening circumstances, he can exercise
the most powerful self-controul ; in the experiments
of late years, landlords have found no difficulty in pro-
curing the adoption of scientific systems of agriculture; it
may, therefore,be well for them to consider whether they
would not consult, for their own interests, in seeking also
the happiness and comfort of the peasantry. Tue evils of
Ireland never arose , from the subdivision of land, but
from the uncertainty of its tenure. The high rents ex-
acted tended also, no doubt. to waste-the capital of the
small occupier, and in the end encumbered with paupers
rack-rented estates. But things are different now, and
the time appears peculiarly favourable. We address
the landed gentry of Ireland seriously and earnestly.
There are many amongst them of high and excellent feel-
ing, generous and Christian impulses, and their example.
may do much.
The time is favourable, because the character of
the people is decidedly improved—circumstances are
favourable, because there is no necessity of call-
ing on the landlords to make any sacrifice of
their incomes improved systems of cultivation,
the certainty of a market in England, and the frugal
habits of the people will enable them to pay punctually
even the high rents now exacted. But to effect this, it
is necessary everywhere, but above all in Ireland, that
there should be certainty and justice in the tenure. At
present the very lives of the tenant and of his family
are in the hands, and hang on the breath of the land-
lord. Certainty then is the first requisite. The tenure
should be for a fixed and considerable period. Equity
is a second and indispensable improvement. At the
expiring of his lease the occupier should be entitled
either to a fair proportion of his capital expended, or to
the option of a renewal at a proportionably calculated
rent. In the details of a change so extensive, many
other points will require and obtain serious attention,
but these are its leading and necessary principles.
Many will think any appeal to the sympathies of the
londholder idle and ridiculous—we do not think so—
when his sympathies are united with his interests. But
the thing can be accomplished without him—more
slowly, but as surely. If the Legislature were to enact
that estates set up for sale under the Equity Courts
should be offered in small parcels for competition, can
there be a doubt as to the large prices that would be
given gladly for a small independence? A few years
would effect an immense change. Sooner or later such
change will be—we call on every good man to help
those who are working to accomplish it.

BRIGHTON, APRIL 10.—The town has been
filling very fast by visitors who have came down to spend
the Easter holidays, and the coaches have. been reaping a
harvest, in all probability their last; as it is fully expected
the railroad will be completed by Whitsuntide, and. the
dly.
and Lady
laying down of the permanent rails is proceeding
The following are amongst the distinguished visitors
spending the recess here:--Earl and Countess of Ken-
,them Marchioness Lss
ms
ea
yr em, theur aLa rdqyu i andou sa M elk chhi
ti omn
oe
rs
es of Bristol
Queensberry, Lord Sondes, and Sir George and Lady
Rose, Mr. Raikes Currie, &c. The weather is delightful
at present. The gossip of the day is particularly directed
to a delicate affair which is alleged to have taken place in
the most fashionable square in this town. Report states
that the very accomplished wife of one of the leaders of
fashion has been so captivated by the uniform of the
" Eleventh" that she has abandoned her family of three
young children to " follow the drum." The point of de-
parture is not far from that of another occurrence of the
same kind last year. which caused a great sensation at the
time. The Earl of Westmorland has taken the mansion
on the Marine-parade for many years occupied by the late
Earl of Chatham.

The prospects of the Non-Intrusionists are daily
getting more gloomy. It is now pretty generally believed
*among well-informed persons, that the Government have
resolved to interfere, in a decided manner, if any fresh act
of rebellion against the supremacy of the law shall be at-
tempted, such as the deposition of the Strathbogie minis-
ters; and that, for this purpose, they intend to appoint a
Commissioner to represent the Crown in the General As-
sembly, whose firmness and decision of character can be
depended on. The Earl of Stair and Lord Dunfermline
have both been spoken of as noblemen admirably qualifiei
to discharge the duties of the office. It is very generally
understood that Lord Belhaven will not bo the Commis.
sinner.--Scotsman.

We are therefore desirous of seeing those means applied
to a higher and nobler purpose, that of developing the
mental and moral energies of the population, to the great
end of their political freedom and social happiness. As
no earthly power can prevent an intelligent people from ob-
taining their rights, nor all the appliances of corruption
permanently enslave them, we are anxious above all things
of seeing them instructAl in their political rights and
social duties.

Though the attainment of political power is essential to
enable them to improve to any extent their physical con-
dition, yet we believe that a vast increase of social enjoy-
ment might be effected (despite a corrupt and degrading.
Government), if sobriety and moral culture were more ge-
nerally diffased. And therefore we are desirous of se:ing
our political teachers disseminating unpalatable truths
against drunkenness and immorality of every description,
and by precept and example endeavouring to rescue our
brethren from the thraldom of their own icee, and from
servilely imitating the corruptions and vices of those above
them.

As the children of to-day will la a f-;!w years be called
upon to exercise the rights and duties of mon, it becomes
our paramount duty to qualify them for their future sta-
tion, and not permit them to be mouldcd to the several
purposes of priestcraft, sectarianism, and charity-mongers;
but to devise, maintain, and execute a v.ise ;Ind just system
of educa,ion, calculated t 3 develope ali the lowers and
energies God has given them, to tie end that they may
enjoy their own existence, and extend the greatest amount
of happiness to all mankind.

With no disposition to oppose the Asnociations already
formed, but with an anxious desire to see all those inte-
rested in the social and political impre-ement of their fel-
low-men united in one general holy to effect it. we pro-
pene that such an Association be ebt:4blishe4, and that the
fallowing Le its objects.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Or THE UNITED
KINGDOM, FOR PROMOTING THE POLI-
TICAL AND SOCIAL IMPROVEMENT OF

THE PEOPLE.*

1. To establish, in one general body persons of all
creeds, classes, and opinions, who are desirous to promote
the political and social improvement of the people.
2. To create and extend an enlig pubhc opinion
in favour of the PEOPLE'S CHARTER, 4nd by el-cry just and
peaceful means secure its enactment, so that the indus-
trious classes may be placed in possession of the franchise
—the most important step to all political and social Re-
formation.

3. To appoint as many MISSIONARIES as may be deemed
necessary to visit the different districts of the kingdom, for
the purpose of explaining the views of the Association, for
promoting its efficient organisation, for lecturing on its
different objects, and otherwise seeing that the intentions
of the general body are carried into effect in the several
localities, according to the instructions they may receive
from the general board.
4. To establish CIRCULATING LIBRARIES from a hun-
dred to two hundred volumes each, containing the most
useful works on politics, morals, the sciences, history, and
such instructive and entertaining works as may be generally
approved of. Such libraries to vary as much as possible
from each other, and be sent in rotation from one town or
village in the district to another, and to be lent freely to
the members.

5. To print from time to time such TRACTS and PAMPH-
LETS as the Association may consider necessary for pro-
moting its objects ; and when its organization is complete,
to publish a monthly or quarterly national periodical.
6. To erect PUBLIC HALLS, or SCHOOLS FOR THE PEO-
PLE, throughout tha kingdom, upon the most approved
principles, and in such districts as may be necessary.
Such halls to be used during the day as INFANT,
PREPARATORY, and Hum SCHOOLS, in which the chil-
dren shall be educated on the most approved plans
the association can devise ; embracing physical, men-
tal, moral, and political instruction : and used of
an evening by adults for PUBLIC LECTURES on
physical, moral, and political science—for READINGS,
DISCUSSIONS, MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENTS, DANCING, and
such other healthful and rational recreations as may serve
to instruct and cheer the industrious classes after their
hours of toil, and prevent the formation of vicious and in-
toxicating habits. Such halls to have two commodious
playgrounds, and, where practicable, a pleasure-garden
attached to each : apartments for the teachers, rooms for
hot and cold baths, for a small museum, a laboratory and
general workshop, where the members and their chil-
dren may be taught experiments in science, as well as the
first principles of the most useful trades.
7. To establish, in such towns or districts as may be
found necessary, NORMAL or TEACHERS' SCHOOLS, for the
purpose of instructing schoolmasters and mistresses in
the most approved systems of physical, mental, moral, and
political training.
8. To establish on the most approved ss,;•Aem, such
AGRICULTURAL and INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS ES may be re.
quired for the education and support of the ORPHAN CHIL-
DREN OF THE ASSOCIATION, and for instructing them in
some useful trade or occupation.
9. To offer premiums, whenever it may he considered
advisable, for the best essays on the instruction of children
and adults, for the best description of :school-books, or for
any other object promotive of the 50...i1l And political wel-
fare of the people.
10. To devise, from time to time, the:best means by
which the members, in their several localitiea, mriycollect
subscriptions and donations in aid of the *hove objects ;1-
may manage the superintender.:e of the halls
and schools of their respective districts—ay h„ve due
control over all the affairs of the Association, nod share in
all its advantages, without incurring perponal risk, or vio-
lating the laws of the country.
Submitting those objects for your
,
scrioui ermsiilaration,
and resolving to make every possible effort to establish
such an Association, we remain you- devoted servants in
the cause of Inman liberty and social happiness,
William Lovett, 183, Tottenham Court. road,
John Collier, 6, Court Bread-street, Birmingham,
Henry Hetherington, 13 and 14, \Vine Oilice-court, Flezt-

street,
John Cleave, I, Shoe-lane, Fleet-street,
George Rogers, High-street, St. Giles',
Henry Mitchell, 67, Red Lion-street, Holborn,
Henry Vincent, 5, Greenland-grove, Cromer-street,
Robert Lowery, Nun-street, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Arthur O'Neil, Birmingham,
Thomas Raynor Smart, 47, Red Cross street, Leicester,
John Mitchell, 23, Qucen-street, Aberdeen,

John M'Crae, Kilbarchan,
Charles Jones, Northampton,
John RichardF, Hanky Potteries,
Charles H. Neesom, 76, Hare-street, Bethnal-green,
H. Alexander Donaldson, Chapel-street, Warwick,
Edward Brown, Birmingham,
W. G. Burns, Blackfriars-gate, Hull,
Charles Westerton, 15, Park-side, Knightsbridge,
Richard Russell, Blair's-close, Edinburgh,
William Byrne, 1, Cloth-
market, Newcastle-en-Tyne,