The Sun.
London, England, 1841-03-18 00:00:00

south, as had been erroneously reported by the sur-
veyor employed by the New Hampshire Commission-
ers in 1836, and reiterated in several official papers.
From the State corner, the dividing ridge was followed
to where it had been previously explored by the party.
Thence a course was taken to the north-east, so as to
reach the head of Lake Megantic, and thence to Lake
Magaumac, where, on the Bth October, the two detach-
ments were again united. The detachment led by the
assistant, Mr. Cutts, had successfully followed the di-
viding ridge from the camp of the 24th, on Arnold
River, to this place.
" It was now ascertained that the provisions remain•
ing were not sufficient to subsist all of the company
until the Kennebec road could be reached by following
the height of land. It was thought advisable again to
separate into detachments—one to follow the ridge,
supplied with provisions for 20 days ; and the other to
strike for the nearest settlement, whicb, it was sup-

posed, could 13;reaehedit; four or five days. This
movement commenced on the 10th of October, and
the detaehinet,t, fcl owing the high !and, rea3hed the
KennebLe road on. the 23d ; and on the feanwing day
previsions for the party for 15 days were placed there,
and a like quantity at the mouth of the Metjarmcttr.
It was intended that the two detachments should move
sirnultaneous!y from these two points on ti'e 26th to ex-
plore the boundary line as far as Lake Etchernin.
deep sno.,-, which commenced fa ling on the night of tae
25th, compelled the Commissioner. to abandon Nailer
explorations at that time ; and there was not the
slightest probability that they could be resume:l before
another year:
The result of these explorations may be stated as
follows

" About 160 miles of country along or near the
height of land' rave been traversed, the travelled-dis-
tancs careful'y estimated, and the courses measured
with a compass. Barometrical observations were made
as often as necessary, for giving a prcfi!e of the route
from the Lead of stream to Arnold's, or the
Chandiere river, and thence to Like Magaumac via the
corner of tl:e Stilte of New ii.lmpshire. Some further
barometrical observations were trade between this Lk°
and the Kent:eb,:c road ; but, for a portion of that dis-
tance, the barometer was unserviceable, in consequeace
of air having entered the tube. Astronomical observa-
tions were made as often as there was an opportunity,
but, owinz to the prevalence of clouds., net as often as
was desirable. They will serve for correcting the courses
and f stimeted di;tince; as travelle 1. Barometrical

observalfonsior comparison cycle made at the incersco

tioa of the Kenoebe:: read and heizbt of 1 tnd, hourly,
from sevco a.m. to file p.m., while the parties were
on the dividing ridge.

" The only discovery of interest made by this party
if, that the Megalloway river does not head any of the
branches of the Connrcticut as it was generally be-
,ieved it did ; and, consequently, our claim to Hall's 4
stream is deprived of the support it would have had,
From tie fact :hat all the other branches were Leaded
by aq Atlantic river, and, corsequently, could not be
reached by the line along the height of land from the
north-west angl ) of Nova Scotia.
" The other Commissioner (Major J. D. Graham)
di l not receive his appointment until 16th August, to
61 the plev:c left vac int by the non-acceptance of Pro-
fessor Cleveland ; and to him was zssigned the survey
and examination of the due-north line, commencing at
the source of the River St. Croix, and extending to the
highlands which divide the waters that flowi jut.) the
Rver St. Lawrence, from those which lbw into the
Atlantic Oce to.

"Immediately after receiving his appointiuent, be tock
e necarsary steps for organising his party ; and, in addi-
tion to two officers of the corps of topographical engineers,
~siigned to bins by the commandant of the corps for this
service, he calad to his aid two civil engice..n.s, possess-
ing the requisite qualifications for the duties to be per-
formed. S 3 soon as the requisite instruments could be
procured, and put in proper order, he left New York
for Portland, Maier, where lie arrived on the sth of
S!ptember, expec,ing there to join his cota;ues of the
commission. They had, however, proceeded to the
points designated for the commencement of their respec-
tive duties ; the season being too far advanced to justify
their incurring any further (relay.
" At Portland, a short conference was had with Mr.
Stubbs, the agent of the State Department, who fur-
nished the necessary means for procuring an outfit for
the party, in provisions, camp equipage, &c.
The party then proceeded to Bangor, where it was
occupied until the 12th in procuring the nccc:sary sup-
plies of provisions, camp equipage, transportation, &c.,
to enable it to take the field ; and a few astronomic:]
obscrvatiees were made here, for the purpose of testing
the rates of the chronometers which were to be used
upon this service, as wrll as of obtaining additional
.data fur computing the longitude of this place, which,
together with the latitude, had been determined by the
Commissioners, by a very near approximation to the
summer of 1835. while occupied upon the military re-
connoisances of the north-eastern frontier.

" On the 12th, the party left Bangor for Moulton,
'Acre it arrived on the evening of the 13th. A depOt
of provisions was established here for supplying the line
of their fut.lre operations, and the service: of the requi-
site number of men, as axe-men, chain-hearers. instru-
ment-carriers, &c.

" Pending these preparations, and tie time neces-
sarily occupied in cutting a roadway through the forest;
from a convenient point on the Cal tis road to the
monument at the source of the river St. Croix, a series

of astronomical observations were made, both by day
and by night, by which the latitude and longitude of
Moulton were satisfactorily determined, and the rates
of the chronometers further tested.

" By the 24th of September, the roadway was suffi-
ciently opened to permit a camp to be established upon
the experimental meridian line, traced by the United
States and British surveyors in the year 1817, when an
attempt was made to mark this portion of the boun\-
dary bet veep the t.ro countries, agreeable to the pro-
visions of the treaty of Ghent of 1815.
" The provisions and camp equipage were trans-
ported upon a strong, but roughly-constructed sledge,
drawn by horses, whilst the instruments wen) carried
by hand ; the surface of country over which this road-
way was opened being too rough for any wheeled
vehicle to pass.
"'rho point decided upon as the true source of the
river St. Croix, by the United States and British Com-
missioners appointed for that purpose, under the .sth
article of the treaty of 1794, was found and identified,
both by the inscriptions upon the monument erected
there to mark the spot, and also by the testimony of a
living witness of high respectability, who has known the
locality since it was first designated by the Commis-
sioners under the treaty of 1791.
" The avenue, which had been cleared through a
dense forest from the monumeot to a distance of 12
miles north of it, by the surveyors, in 1817, was easily
recognised by the new and thick gro ~t'a of young
timber which, having a width of from 40 to 50 feet,
now occupied it. Axemen were at once set at work
to re-open this avenue, under the supposition that the
due north line would at least fall within its borders for
a distance of 12 miles. In the meantime, the first as-
tronomical station and camp were established, and the
transit instrument set up at a distance of 4,578 feet
north of the monument upon an eminence of 45,1
feet above the level of its base. This position com-
manded a distinct view of the monument to the
south, and of the whole line to the north, for a dis-
tance of 11 miles, reaching Park HT. Whiltt the
work of clearing the line of its young growth of timber
was progressing, a series of astronomical observations
was commenced at this first camp, and continued both
day and night without intermission (except when int3r-
rupted by unfavourable weather) with the sextants, the
repeating circle of reflection, and the trans t instrument,
until the latitude and longitude of the monument and of
this first camp were satisfactorily ascertained, and also
the direction of the true meridian from the said monu-
ment established.

For this lattermd purpose, several observations were in
Minorls),
tion ; and the
the first plae..
wh'en“
t.- ..en the polar star
(lira, res greatest eastern diurnal ellnga-
(Alpha, Unite
setvations upon starc:rre''.:e I by
both north Pan"dsing
verified
and
turtiiQru.A.on thus obtained was afterwards
numerous transit oh-
were multiplied with cue south
of
altitudes, the meridian at various
whose
and with the aid of four ex-
se rates were constattly tested,
cel lent chronometers,transient the zenith. These
observAtions, but also by equal
not only by the
altitudes of the sun in the day,
to correct the time at
midnight,
and west stars, for correcting the
of the night.
" The direction of this true meridian,
asfound as thus esta-
servel aktudes of east
same at various hours
Commissioner,
the experimental line traced by the
blished by the
surveyors'rao-fylfrom
817
by running in the first place to the west of the;'
and afterwards deviating r line,
then crossing it, considerately
to the east of it.
" At the second principal st ition erected by the party,
distant 6 miles and 3,952 feet north of the first camp,
or 7 m;l ,s and 3,240 feet north of the monument, it found
itself 60 feet to the west of the line of 1817. This ap-
peared to be the maximum deviation-to ti:e west of that
line, as near as it; trace could be iticrt ficd, which oral
only marked by prinanent objects recognised by the
party, at the termination of each mile from the monu-
ment. Soon after passing this station, tie lice of 1817
was crossed, and the party did not afterwards touch it,
but deviate .1 more and more to the east of it as it pro-
greised north, but by an irregular proportion of the dis-
tance advanced.

" In order to obtain a correct profile or verticsl sec-
tion along the whole extent of this meridian line, in the
hope of furnishing data for accurate comparison of e!e
vations so tar as they might be considered relevant to
the subject in dispute between the two Governments,
and also to afford an accurate base of comparison for
the barometers along the extended line, which must tra-
verse many ridges that wilt be objects of minute cxplo
ration for many miles of lateral extent, an officer was
appoiateAl to trace a line of kvvis from the b,se of f!le
monument, marking the scarce of thc: ricer Si-. CNix to
water at Cal,nee. In Maine, bj -
ration of the base of the monument above the planes of
mean low and moan high water, and also the elevation