The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-24 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

sion of knowledge- leads to the subversion of society,
however dangerous it is to tyrants and tyranny. It
shows that the slave conservatism of Peel and Stanly,
of the priests and the landlords, is opposed to.
TIIE REAL CONSERVATISM OF SOCIETY.
" When I look into the great movements of the age,
particularly as manifested in our own country, they seem
to me to justify no overwhelming fear. 'True, they are
earnest and wide-spreading ; but the objects fur which
they are directed are pledges against extensive harm.
For example, ought the general diffusion of science, and
literature, and thought, to strike dread ? Do habits
of reading bread revolt ? Does the astronomer traverse
the skies, or the geologist pierce the earth, to gather
materials for assault on the social state ? Does the
study of nature stir up rebellion against its author ? Is
it the lesson which men learn from history, that they are
to better their condition by disturbing the State ? Does
the reading of poetry train us to insurrection ? .Does
the diffusion of a sense of beauty through a people in-
cline them to tumult ? Are not works of genius and the
fine arts soothing influences ? Is not a shelf of hooks;
in a poor man's house, some pledge of his licepinfr thP
peace'? It daied, thought,
questions and assails the holiest truth. But i.; truth st:
weak, so puny, as to need to be guarded by bayonets
from assault ? Has truth no beauty, no mu;ht ? naS
the human soul no power to weigh its evidence, .to reve-4.
mace its grandeur ? Besides, does not freedom

" The properous part of society are, of course, par-
ticularly liable to the fear of which I have spoken. They
see danger especially in the extension of power and free-
dom of all kinds to the labouring classes of society
They look with a jealous eye on attempts to elevat
these ; though one would think, that to improve a man
was the surest way to disarm his violence. They talk of
agrarianism. They dread a system of universal pillage.
They dread a conspiracy of the needy against the rich.
Now the manual labourer has burdens enough to beat
without the load of groundless suspicion or reproach. It
ought to be understood that the great enemies to society
are not found in its poorer ranks. The mass may, in-
deed, be used as tools ; but the stirring and guiding
powers of insurrection are found above. Communities
fall by the voices of the prosperous ranks. We
are referred to Rome, which was robbed of her
liberties, and reduced to the most degrading vassalage,
by the lawlessness of the plebeians, who sold
themselves to demagogues, and gave the republic into the
hands of a dictator. But what made the plebeians an
idle, dissolute, rapacious horde ? It was the system of
universal rapine, which, under the name of conquest,
had been carried on for ages by patricians, by all the
powers of the State ; a system, which glutted Rome with
the spoils of the pillaged world—which fed her popula-
tion without labour, from the public treasures, and cor-
rupted them by public shows. It was this which helped
to make the metropolis of the earth a sink of crime and
pollution, such as the world had never known. It was
time that the grand robber-state should be cast down
from her guilty eminence. Her brutish populace, which
followed Cmsar's car with shouts, was not worse than the
venal, crouching Senate which registered his decrees.
Let not the poor bear the burden of the rich. At this
moment, we are groaning over the depressed and disho-
noured state of our country ; and who, let me ask, have
shaken its credit, and made so many of its institutions
bankrupt ? The poor or the rich ? Whence is it that
the income of the widow, the orphan, the aged, have
been narrowed, and multitudes on both sides of the ocean
brought to the brink of want ? Is it from an outbreak
of popular fury ? Is it from gangs of thieves sprung
from the mob ? We know the truth, and it shows us
where the great 'danger to property lies.
" Communities fall by the vices of the great, not
.1 the small. The French Revolution is perpetually
sounded in our ears, as a warning against the law-
lessness of the people. But whence came this re-
volution ? Who were the regicides ? Who beheaded
Louis XVL ? You tell me the Jacobins ; but his-
tory tells a different tale. I will show you the
beheaders of Louis XVI. They were Louis XIV.
and the Regent who followed him, and Louis XV.
These brought their descendant to the guillotine. The
priesthood, who revoked the Edict of Nantes, and drove
from France the skill, and industry, and virtue, and
piety which were the sinews of her strength ; the states-
men who intoxicated Louis XIV. with the scheme of
universal empire ; the profligate, prodigal, shameless
Orleans ; and the still more rutalised Louis XV.
with his court of panders and prostitutes ;—these made
the nation bankrupt, broke asunder the bond of loyalty,
and overwhelmed the throne and altar in ruins. We
hear of the horrors of the revolution ; but in this as in
other things, we recollect the effect without thinking of
the guiltier cause. The revolution was indeed a scene of
horror ; but when I look back on the reigns which pre-
ceded it, and which made Paris almost one great stew
and gaming-house, and when I see altar and throne
desecrated by a licentiousness unsurpassed in any former
age, I look on scenes as shocking to the calm and search-
her eye of reason and virtue, as the 10th of August and
the massacres of September. Bloodshed is indeed a
terrible spectacle ; but there are Other things almost as
fearful as blood. There are crimes that do not make us
start and turn pale like the guillotine, but are deadlier in
their workings. God forbid- that I should say a word to
weaken the thrill of horror with which we contemplate
the outrages of the French Revolution. But when I hear
that revolution quotsd to frighted us from Reform, to
show us the danger of lifting up the depressed and ig-
norant mass, 1 must ask whence it came ? and the an-
swer is, that it came from the intolerable weight of mis-
government and tyranny, from the utter want of culture
among the mass of the people, and from a corrupe.
tion of the great, too deep to be purged away
except by destruction. lam also compelled to remem-
ber, that the people, in this their singular
madness, wrought far less woe than kings and priests
have wrought, as a familiar thing, in all ages of the
world. All the murders of the French Revolution did
not amount, I think, by one-fifth, to those of the " Mas-
sacre of St. Bartholomew." The priesthood and the
throne, in one short night and day, shed more blood, and
that the best blood of France, than was spilled by Ja-
cobinism, and all other forms of violence during the
whole revolution. Even the atheism and infidelity of
France were due chiefly to a licentious priesthood and
a licentious court. It was religion, so called, that dug
her own grave. In offering this plea for the multitude,
I have no desire to transfer to the multitude uncontrolled
political power. I loo'e at power in all hands with jea-
lousy. I wish neither rich nor poor to be my mama,
What I wish is, the improvement, the elevation of all
classes, and especially of the most numerous class ; be-
cause the • most numerous, because the mangy a
man-
kind, and because no social progress can b hopedre bu;
from influences which penetrate and raise tliiteept
men. The mass must not be confined mass
d down
of
wn
and
through a vague dread of revolutions
requiring such a sacrifice, would be too: Asocialdeai order
dearly bought.
No order should satisfy that its, but which is in har-
mony with universal improvement and freedom."
We are glad to see 1)r. Chaining r.O spiritedly throw-
ing back on the rich, even in _ America, those charges
which they and their satellites of the press are continu-
ally heaping Ott the poor and the industrious classes
throughout the world, and nowhere so continually and
so vehemently as here, where the rich and the titled—
the proud Nobles and the luxurious Bishops,arc rich
and luxurious by the plunder they continually practice
on the industrious el
tinually represent thasses, and where the plundererscoi7
heart than to plundere
tpifijeor As as having no other
ttrulyly object at
t
justly hints, the danger tll r.
IChinningere a s
w
ell as
America,. springs not frontrheirdusitrijus masses, but
t
o i
property
from horrible abuses of the right of property, which
are practised by our Bollings and our Bruens, and
by the whole race of our tithe-exacting and our
law-making aristocracy. Bat leaving
duals and pampered classes, who pampered indivi-
prostitute law and go-
vernment to individual and class purposes, we must turn
for one moment to the bright views of the course of so-
ciety which Dr. Charming has conferred a benefit on
mankind by now making public. This is properly the
age of the niffusion of knowledge, of science, and of art,
rather than the age of-greater discoveries, except those
which arise from the diffusion. It may be said of know-
ledge, as of money, that,.
like manure, it is of no use till
it be spread. • One or a fewheads
can noo
longer carry all
that is known ; and to preserve it, as well as increase it,
more must be called to share it. What further there is
to learn cannot be known, and till some genius arises to
tell us, and make further discoveries, we may be perMitted
to suppose that the proper vocation of learned and scien-
. We hear
undoubtedly of superficial
tific men is to spread abroad what they know,
a great many coraplaints
and of the want of depth in our men of
learning,
but those who make the complaint
science,
must h e informed that deep ploughing very
toften turns up a worthless sub-soil, and that it is the
breaking and eillieg of a large surface which gives us
Vehiable crops. At present it would seem that nearly
rill teltieli eau Use heave. of the earth is known. There
are are fevaparts of it unexplored or unvisited by those
with whom all am in connnimication. In the course of
time the motion of the sun and of the fixed stars may be
ascertaincl, but probably this will be the result of centu-
ries of observation. It may, then, too, be proved beyond a
doubt that the creation of new worlds is always going

WINDSOR, FRIDAY.—Last evening the Earl of Surrey
arrived at the Castle on a visit to her Majesty. and the
Earl and Countess of Uxbridge, and the Ladies Ekanora
and Constance Paget, had the honour of joining the
Royal circle at dinner.
This morning her Majesty and Prince Albert walked
out as usual in the Park, and her Royal Highness the
Princess Royal was taken to Adelaide Cottage.
In the afternoon her Majesty and the Queen of tho-
Belgians rode out in a carriage and four in the Park,.
accompanied by his Royal Highness Prince Albert on.
horseback, and attended by the Dowager Lady Lyttel-
ton, Countess Vilaiu XIV., the Marquis of Headfort,
and other ladies and gentlemen of the Royal suite, either
in carriages or on horseback.
Her Majesty inspected to-day the finished etching by
Samuel Cousins, A.R.A., from the original picture, of
the Queen receiving the Holy Sacrament at the Coro-
nation, by C. It. Leslie, R.A. (the properrj• of the
Queen), which was submitted by Mr. Moln. Her Ma-
jesty was most graciously pleased to express her -
proval.
His Royal Highness the Duke do Brabant is much
better.

• Lady Caroline Barringi;on and Mr. George E. Anson.
will hare the honour of dining with her Majesty at the
Castle this evening.
It is expected that her Majesty and Prince Albert will
leave Windsor on Monday for Woburn Abbey, to honour
the Duke and Duchess of Bedford with a visit..

Prince George of Cambridge left town on Thursday,
on a visit to her Royal Highness the Duchess of Glou-
cester, at her residence. Baphot Park. The Prince
returned to town yesterday afternoon.
Her Royal Highnee3 the Duchess of Cambridge, ac-
companied by the Princess Mary of Cambridge, took an
airing on Thursday to her residence at Kew, returning
to Cambridge House in the course of the afternoon.
M. Morens, the Buenos Ayrean Minister at this Court,
has returned from Paris, where he has been on a tem-
porary absence.
Viscount Palmerston left town on Thursday afternoon,
on his return to Windsor Castle.

Despatches from Sir John Franklin, Governor of Van
Diemen's Land, and also from the Governor of the
Bahamas, were received yesterday at the Colonial-office.

HAMBURGH MAIL.

COPENHAGEN, JULY 15.—His Majesty is now so much
better that henceforward no bulletin will be issued except
on Mondays.
HANOVER, JULY 18.—An extraordinary supplement to
the Hanoverian Gazette of the 17th contains an ex-
tremely long proclamation of his Majesty, in which he
enumerates his reasons for dissolving the General As-
sembly of the Estates of the kingdom. Among others
he states that the majority of the Second Chamber had.
shown by its conduct that it was incapable of following
the duties incumbent on it.

The Hanoverian Gazette contains a Royal rescript,
dated the 3d instant, determining the manner in which
the Crown Prince shall affix his signature to public do-
cuments in case he should come to the Government with-
out having recovered his sight.

HANOVUIt, JULY 17.—The Crown Prince has been in-
disposed for some days, and is daily visited by the King
his father. It is said that the Prince will shortiv go to
the island of Norverney, for the benefit of sea-liathing.
Already, before the death of the Queen there was a ge-
neral report of a plan to marry the Crown Prince, and
it was believed that a marriage of his loyal Highness to,
one of his cousins, the Princess of Anhalt Dessau, was
in contemplation. These reports are now renewed, and,
it is added, that the intended union will be accelerated,
because it may afford his Majesty some consolation under
the severe loss which he has sustained.

Nothing positive is known respecting the movements
of the King.. It is said his Majesty will soon go to
Rothenkirchen, and then to Ems ; and other accounts
are that he will not leave the capital at all, though the
physician strongly recommends him to take the waters.
WARSAW, JULY 11.—By an Imperial ordinance of the
15th of last month, the Government of Cracow is to be
called henceforth the Government of Kielee after the
capital town, to avoid the identity of name with the ad-
joining Republic of Cracow.--Prussian State Gazette,
July 16.
ST. PETERSBURGIL JULY 10.—Councillor Cremer is
appointed Russian Consul-General in Egypt, in the
room of Count Von Medem, who is recalled to Russia.
Since the commencement of the navigation, the value
of goods exported from St. Petersburgh is 3,330,350 silver
roubles. At the same time last year it was only
4,783 roubles.
RA BORSEN HALLE, JULY :0.
Bills. Mane),
lctil4

Austrian 5 per Cents.
flank Shares 1635
Angle-Russian Loan IP-% it.),,
Russian 5 per Cent. ISt FMCS, Certificate EL% 10'.!
inscription, Ist Seii:-.1. W..., • - 131%
Rus:ian 5 per Cant. Hope and Co. 3d and 4th
Series —............ ........ .. . .......... .... 9-71m . tY7t.i
Ditto in Certificates ....... ...................... ....... VIN
New 4 per Cent. (1540) ST,ti, SS
Dutch Actual Dcbt, 2 he( Cent SO3
Ditto S per Cent...—. .......... ..
Polish Boni
New Picket
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Ceet
N...twcgian Loan, 164 N, 4 per Cenz
Spanish, New 5 per Cents zflui
._ .._ ~

•
EXCHANGES ONT LONDON.
FIAEruRu, JULY 2 .-13 months, 1.3 5.
CLIRISTIANIA, JULY 7.—Tnec monthe, 4 :.12.
5T0CK1,3.714, JULY 23.—Servnt3'-five thy, 12 0.
BERLIN, JULY 17. —Three months, G. ISS Money.

CORONER'S INQUEST.

Yesterday afternoon an inquest was held at the Greyhound
lain, Sydeuhato, before Mr. J. C. Carttar, upon view of the
body of the Rev. John Dyer.
The first witness, Mr. Henry Dyer, son of the deceased,
stated that he had resided with his father, who was a minister
at Sydenham. He saw him last alive at eleven o'clock on
Wednesday night in his bed-room. His deceased faller ap-
peared much excited in the afternoon previous to his death,
walking about from room to room in a most restless manner.
About seven o'clock in the morning he was called by one of the
servants, and immediately went down, when he found his un-
fortunate parent in a tank of water, in the cellar, with his feet
hanging out. He instantly procured assistance and got the
deceased out.
CorioNEat— What was the nature of the circumstance that
induced you to sleep in the same room as the deceased?
Mr. Dyer—My mother, upon goinc, into her bed-room, saw
my father hid something under the bed-clothes, and upon
'moving them she discovered a razor. The razor-case was lying
open on the dressing-table. In consequence of this, everything,
in the shape of a dangerous weapon was put out of the way.
Air. Dyer added, that he attributed his father's state of mind
to arise from anxiety, having been extensively engaged on a
public business for she last month. He had no doubt that
deceased had committed the act himself, being at the time in
an unsound state of mind.
Jane Marshall was then sworn, and stated that she was
servant to the deceased gentleman. On Thursday mornin,
at seven ,o'clock, upon coming down stairs, she discovered
that her master was. not in his bed-room, the door of which
was open, as also were the • other doors at the back of the
house. She went out and called a bey, as was her usual custom.
Directly after she discovered the legs of her deceased master
hanging out of the cistern, which was situated in a covered
archway. She instantly called Mr. Henry Dyer, the last wit-
ness; and Mr. Gilbert, a surgeon, residing next door, was sent
for. The tank was full of water on the previous night, but
upon the deceased being found it was only three parts full.
By the CORONER. —She thought it was her master from not
seeing him in his bed-room.
Joseph Hall stated that he was in the employ of Mr. Henry
Doo, coal-merchant, at Sydenham ;he was passing deceased'swns ,
house, when he was called by the last witness. He wentil an
the no
assistednothng llb Tut-
this
. Henrynight.D:heirt t n gettingro m
thdeescietaus.setdi
situation
f.
person could have put deceased in.
heAhlrad. attended dGe da daily .
sate of mind, anti from symptoms
found him in a very excited hsourdgecooena,seodf Fiasb,uinrye-epynemesedna
vislt,aotke.d thato
that he sheuld be uarrowlym
delusion.
to be under the lath:mice of a
of insanity that he noticed in.attlace.ie,dde.ccasrehde hdeeoegasaveeddairpepeetarieedns
The CoitoNE rked that the watching had not been
gentleman might have left the house
effectual.
and walked into pond, ce
ased
the tank had not been at hand.
The
deceased
asked Mr. Gay if he did not consider
The CORONER also d
thi%Tarthrca. koeaecesar
ifodrbtehediddenceoats.e was necessary ?
CORONER then summed up, and the Jury, after a short
de;iheration, returned a verdict—" That the deceased gentle=
man
destroyed, himself, being at the time in a state of tempo-
rary insanity."
The deceased, who was fifty-seven years of age, has left a
wife and family of nine children, and the unfortunate cir-
curnstaice of his death has created a most painful sensation in
-vdenham.

A LITTLE AMUSEMENT FOR ARITHMETI-
CIANS.—What is the circumference of a ball, whose dia-
meter is eight inches ; also the convex superfices, the
number of solid inches, and its weight ? A circular well,
150 yards deep, and 13 feet 4 inches diameter, for solid
yards, and 14 inches brickwork ; how many rods of
work, and how many bricks will it require, and how
many hogsheads of water at eleven feet diameter will it
contain : A deal baulk, the length of which being 20 feet,
breadth and depth each 18 inches ; how many solid feet,
and how many joists 3 by 6 may be cut ; how many feet
of inch board, and how many 12 feet floors will it lay ?
How many hogsheads of water did it take to deluge the
earth, to the height o(2 five miles, the earth itself 8,000,
consequentlye
tly thearth and water together was 8,010
miles diameter.—Australian Chronicle.
CARDIGAN BOROUGHS.—Frorn an address
issued by Mr. Harford we perceive that that gentleman, in a
most honourable manner, declines taking any advantage of the
circumstance of the poll-books being lost. The Lilowing is
the language used by l‘lr. Harford-:—" I cannot commence
my parting address without at once expressing my deep con-
cern and regret at the subtraction of the Aberystwith poll-
books, whether it has been by accident or fraud ; if the latter,
I want language strong enough to denounce the malignancy of
the act. The Mayor of Cardigan has made, in consequence, a
double return, although it is well known that Mr. Pryse has a
majority of votes over me. I beg publicly to state that,
under these circurnAances, I feel in honour bound to u.e no
advantage afiorded me by the double return, to impede Mr.
Pryse from peaceably taking possession of his seat at the ensu-
ing Pa.rliament ; and should the present election be voided
from the loss of the poll-books, or any informality in conse-
quence thereof, I shall feel equally restricted from opposing his
re-election. I reserve of course the tight of petitioning. against
the present return on any legal grounds." In a subsequent
' ther t ?rn of o
rie
sh ibs
y addressobserving,
ir. Harfordna sdtetand e reflects
Conservative
ofb eui
npn tote
iyiapeezt:
rintdybuyce t of
con-
nected n -
neeted with these boreughs, the
influence of circumstances well known to yourselves, peen
united in my support, our cause would have triumphed."—
' , 13ristol Gazette.