The Sun.
London, England, 1823-07-02 00:00:00

[MORNING CHRONICLE.I

Another Lisbon packet arrived festertlay, with
Papers and Letters to the T2d ult. The latter
mention that Sepulveda, who so basely deserted
the Constitutional cause when the armed force
in Lisbon was confided to hint, had met with
his deserts. Twice he narrowly escaped being
killed, by shots levelled at .him, from the ranks.
When he, arrived at Villa 14ranca, and informed
the Prince of his treachery, the latter told him
it was too late. lle is, now confined in the
Castle of Peniche. ft evident that the
elements of a dreadful civil war are aCcumu-
lating in Portugal, if the „King, or rather the
Count Pamelln, drives things to, the extreme. A
Decree had been issued', purporting," that as the
Constitution of 1822, founded as it was on vague
theories, incompatible with the ancient. habits,
opinions, and wants of the Portuguese people, in-
stead of answering the purposes of, its authors,
was opposed to the Monarthical princip,le," it
should be abolished, and a,Junta formed in order
to prepare the project of a Charter of the Funda-
mental Law of the Portuguese Monarchy, of
which Junta the President was to 'be Count Pal-
menu. It is well known that the Count, some
two or thtee years ago, had a Constitution or
Charter ready made for his countrymen, which It
Was his inCention to have offered to them*
adoptionvil untoward'circumstances,had.not pre-
vented him. With some modifications, it .pos-
sihly mayltew suit,, although it is mere likely
that the mandate of the Duke d'Angoulerne will
be received from Madrid, ordering that the
French Charter shall be translated into Portu-
guese, and published as the fundamental law of
the land.. The inhabitants of Portugal will then
constantly, have before, their , eyes a memento of
the obligations they are under to the Bourbons.

[MOWN' Tta IfEItALD.]
Accounts to the 20th were received yesterday
from 'Llsbon.• The counter-revolution proceeds
without:resistance, and it would appear, with_ out
'Vengeance, or harshness of, any kind. All the
new. Institutions. have given. way to the old,
through.the wholorsystem of the public adminis-
tratiou—the ancient public functionaries are re-
stored,---and.,if all the, persons imprisoned for
offences against the-Constitution have been set at
liberty, it: is oat stated that as yet any partisan
a' tint., WO, changes bas been molested. Many
have tted,ittis• true,qhut. •it does not, appear that
any,haik... been threatened or proscribed. As far
a we COMA, judge hitherto, the King of Portugal
and hi,' new advisors have acted with mildness
(be teductiun of the army, which: is au.
sonneetli will reconcile--; the people still more
to• the olti..cystemi. even, with its abuses. We
15mots notowitether this reduction will be a disap.,
pointment to, the. armyi but it shows Pretty
dcariy that if the soldiers have obtained the
thanks', they have upt.,gainett, the confidence ef
the Sovereign.; There Is another circiunstance-
tvhirli Jbews. thgt entire coefidence not placed
in the great mass of the people Of.tisben.
Niviniust On o& havo,,beett disembodied, .and
ordered 40 deliver up itrialrdiateli their arms.,---
The next 9uestion is, the form whichttilw rer
Stared...-Govismnent.ill :,tit assume .eltimately, for
it is> admitted that,iture-establishment in the an-
Olent.forstriklo be, ortiptetuporstry. Owevslep
lats Weerwtakeof. the,appointmentoft 44:
-areetxt.Commis sio At fog-weft perm:fully/4o aro , tp
prepare ,valitiac4 itrite fofpA.,o(Ciovertituers}.
We should almost doubt whether even the form
of an elective Representation will be suggested
this Commission. The counter-revolution has I

•
certainly 'been: Concerted with foreign rowers.
Rut these latter—Russia, .Prussia, Austria, and
even France, where a shadow of. Representative
Government,still exists—have proscribed Repre-
sentative Constitutions. In the next place, a po-
litical conpact to bind. two parties, but in the
making 'of which one party only has bee' con-
cerned, can hardly be expected to balance.with
entire fairness the reciprocity, of rights and duties.
Thirdly, 64 the absolute. King," as the King:of
Portugal is r distinctly acknowledliedi has
issued.a decree, which affords little , promise of
any real reform. All the monasteries. and con-
ven4s- suppressed by the reyolption,, are,
by a sweeping, order, of the King, restored to
the unqualified possession of the property, and
revenues, and. privileges, which, they possessed
before, the , Reyolutiqn. Under these circum-
stances, we should judge. that the Constitution of
Portugal, should it ever be forthcoming, will be
a very innocent one. Hut this is entirely the
affair,
,Portuguese, the ortugusse, and if they are content,
others, have no right to ,censure or interfere.
Perhaps, also, it may be said, that it will be
good enough for those for whom it is intended.

[THE TIMES.]
The outrages throughout Ireland seem to ebb
and flow as the mails succeed each other.' They
are, again on the increase, as appears from Satttr.
day's Dublin Evening Post,. in Cork, Longford,
Mayo, and other counties. Another riot,- at-
tended with loss of life, is reported to have taken
place near Moy, in the North of, Ireland : no
particulars, are yet .given. In the mean time,
the near approach of the Ist of July had occa-
sioned many anxieties and apprehenitions, lest
tho Orangemen, rendered pore impetuous by
their Parliamentary triumph, and the oppo-
site party more susceptible of insult through,
their disappointments, should find
.or make
the opportunity of coming into conflict on that in.
auspicious, anniversary. A rumour is referred to in
the Dublin paper, announcing that Government
hat written ta some high dignitaries of the Orange.
body, expressing its approbation of a certain ma-
nifesto issued by them, wherein the' members of
that association' were dissuaded from commemo-
rating the Ist inst. by any ceremonies of a dature
offensive to the Catholics. If the manifesto was
really' circulated for the purpose which' it pro-
fessed, we sincerely hope it may be acted on.—
Such a mark of forbearance might go far, to.,
wards-removing, on both sides of the' Channel,
impressions unfavourable to the party by whom
it would be practised : the respectable portion
of the, Catholics could not fail to be conci-
liated, and the agitators of that body visited
with serious mortification and defeat. Perhaps
few men of any party in Ireland are aware how
soon or haw imperiously it may behove all indi-
viduals
.poisessing property—no matter what
their, sect on their politics—to unite, in self-
defence, and for common preservation. The
'spirit which animates the insurgents and Riband-
mcou is directed against their neighbour's purse.
Whatever colour it may, wear, the consequences
of, its rucce►ss would be, that no man could call his
house,or ftelds his stock or crop, nay the coat for
wbich •he patd but yesterday, his own. The
miserable wretches do not dream that the, war
'they make against their • employers: is really
against themselves and the sources of sub.
sistence to their families, in the. pro'gress
of their licentiousness 'they have thrown
or all reverence for their priests. They have

• .
achieved a power of combination and of plotting,
far more perfect than existed in 1798: and the
very want of civilized keaders may tend to dif-
fuse more widely throughout the kingdoml.and
to rendur more destructive and unmanageable,
the efforts of the multitude against, prder, pro-
perty, and law. Whether the Orangemen, and
their more respectable advisers will have discern-
ment to. End out where their true ,danger
and temper to suspend at, least their ill.tioped

attim9Aitips,,we know pot ; 1314 t we can .venture
to admonish them that,theilave no time to lose.

Colman Nips.]
The proud display of British feeling in, favour
of the cause of freedom, in the Peninsula, must
have as powerful tin effect in cleßreesitiithe spirit
of its invaders, as in invigorating that of Spaio.
If we engage, in subscriptions te secure ourselves
from robbers---if .we readily psrt, with a slender,
portion of our property to insure the, rest frotn
fire ; by,what infinitely, stronger inducements are
we called upon to. sustain the cause of .iiherty,
against oppression—to uphold its defenders in
the manly struggle ,with despotism, and to pre-
serve to ourselves, as a people, that moral inde-
pendence, for which, if Spain falls, England will
have .to fight over again the battles of
Europe. When war was declared, hy; our
rulers agaipst Feance, it was affirmed to
be " a just and necessary war,", as having
for its object to put down that system of aggres-
sion which Was; incompatible With every principle
of national faith and of social security-7014
every system of aggression upon which France is
now acting! We WOre then told;aii with thesound
of a trumpet throughout Europe, that it walla jest
and necessary. war, because it sought to repel the
unprovoked and unwarrantable interference of
' one nation in the internal concerns of another—
that.very interference,of which France, with the
acquiescence of the British Ministtly, is giving
so scandalous and so shameless an &ample !
Eight hundred millions of debt threw its,dead
weight;
_on ,the industrY of the English people,
that her armies might recover for the Bourbons
that,Power, of which the first use they make is,
to strike at the freedom of Spain, • an& to
combine for the subjugation of Europe ! And
all this with the hearty concurrence, if not
with, the secret co•operation; of the English
Patiinet. What an open profanation of all
public faith is this I What a profligate
violation of the law , of nations! What a
treacherous abandonment of all those principles,
ler which, %bile it advanced their own' ends,
Kings and Ministers contended with• so =much
vehemence, end which their deluded subjects
poured out tbeir,,t4oo4 pike 'water to support !
What matters it that our Ministers did not put
their seal, in set form, to the compact of alliance?
Can we be at a loss to discover the leaning of

all their wishes, and the real bearing of all
their policy, when we obseve which of , the
Public Journals they are that decry the
Spanish Cause ? When we remark who they
are, and to what, patty they belong; who
so studiously withhold all support from a
people struggling to save themselves and the
world from .bending to the yoke' of tyrants ?
The, present is a portentous crisis in the affairs of
Europe. Should the high-tninded patriots of
Spain be unable to uphold the liberties of the
country—were it possible that the tyrants should
ultimately triamph—England will not then be long
without her spier,, her informers, her Council of
Ten, and her grand Inquisitors of State I Her
wooden walls will soon encircle the whole ma-
chinery'of despotism. The Northern Wolf will
seek to bury his fangs in the heart of the Rritish
Lion. The conflict of Spain at present occupies
the fore-ground'; and the Czar is watching the
result. 64 When Constantinople shall be a Rus-
sian port, and Persia a. Russian province,. what
will become of the British empire in India, and
on the ocean ?" The adverse fate of the. Penin
sula will decide that of the continental nations,
and Alexander will then proceed to set that ques-
tion at rest.

• . [MORNING eon.]
The measure recommended by' the Committee
Of the House of Lords, and now under discussion in
that Hoilse, with a view to expedite the decision
of Appeal Causes, and
.to reduce the number of
those in arrears are, as every ereat- and important
change in the administration of `'justice must al-
ways be, productive of great difference of
opinion. There is one point, however, with re-
spect to which opinions,.we conceive, must be
unanimous, and that. is, the abiolUte necessity of.
some new regulations to remedy- an evil -which
had gone on progressively. increasing, till at
length it ha's attained a magnitude threatening to
reduce the tribunal of dernier resort for the
justice of three powerful and .wealthy•kingdoms, .
not to a state merely of inefficiency but of abey-
ance, Nor is this vast accemulation of arrears
to he in any degree ascribed to a deficiencT ,of
diligence or promptitude in the high tribunal .
which it oppresses, or' in the eminent per-
son who presides. over it—that person being
admitted by.all hat the very lowest and most
desperate artificers of .fietiini to combine what.
ever is most excellent and amiable in a man, •
with us high a degree of learning, acuteness, and
industry, as has ever diatioguished a judge. It
has wholly arisen from ar great positive increase
in the number of Appeals,• occasioned in part by
*bleb gave the. clear ad-
the union with Ireland,
'dition of all Irish Appeals to the former judi--
cial business of the Mast., occasioned in a still
gl'eater degree by the 'rapid increase of na-
tional commerce, of wealth, and consequently
of litigation ; and ticcasionedlastly, and to an
extent which if it could be accurately defined.
would confound the puny and insolent assailants
of the Chancellor, by the attraction to suitors of
the unrivalled judicial qualities of that Judge,
inllneticing so powerfully as they are known to
do the judgments' of the
.House. Why, it will
perhaps be asked, if the projected changes are
so necessary and beneficial, have they been so
long delayed ? Ought not justice to be always
attainable ? Does not the very proposal to
remedy an evil, now' admitted to be overgrown
and intolerable, involve the confession of antece-
dent supineness and neglect ?. These questions
are, sufficiently answered when. the querists are
reminded that to effect any change in the forms
tly which justice has been long administered,' or
to substitute one description of functionary for
another, to the view 'of a nation as the legal
claimant of , Its confidence. in jurisprudence,
is in itself=_ as .undeniable evil an. evil
;which, no wise Pevernment would inflict--and
;no intelligent people patiently endare,ualeis for
the -purpose of removing Other and greater evils—
lvil,: of which the pressure had been sensibly felt,
and a remedy for which was eagerly, desired. It
rill be generally admitted, that so long as the ex-
iating,arrears or derangement of the business of
a Court. of .j.ustice appear to be
.by.any physical
possibility within the reach of individdil industry
a new organization of' the
and effort,' so long.
Court would be utterly indispensible. Applying
these principies
the proposal now under dis-
cussion, to create, a new functionary to abide
hahltually•over the deliberations.of the House of
Lords when engaged id the discharge of its judi-
cial duties, thoroughly,cenvinced as. we are of
the necessity of some such, change, we confess we
cannot see any cause to' blame the hesitation and
reluctance which have thus fir delayed it,