The Sun.
London, England, 1840-11-18 00:00:00

TI-IE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 18 !840

perty is not so easily interfered with. Even the
enactment for individuals to run their own engines,
which was intended for protection, has turned out
a failure, because the Legislature was not ac-
quainted with the circumstances for which it was
making laws. Further attempts to regulate the
course of proceedings of so many bodies of
Directors whom it has established in all the
plenitude of independence, will be thwarted and
resisted. Its officers and regulations will come
into conflict with the officers and regulations of the
Directors, and there will be confusion, divided
responsibility, increased negligence, and more mis-
chief from its further interference than if it now
allow the Directors under an undivided responsi-
bility to the public—promoted by establishing a
summary remedy for negligence—to work out their
privilege after their own fashion.
As soon as the first successful experiment was
made on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway,
it became at once evident that so superior and swift
a mode of conveyance must engross the transmis-
sion of light goods and passengers. In fact, it was
immediately stated that such would be the case ;
and an immense outlay on railways has been made
on that faith. That important fact ought to have
been present to the minds of the lawmakers when
they passed Railway Bills, and they ought to have
provided accordingly. But they probably knew
nothing of it, as they knew nothing of the circum-
stances which have rendered the provision for pri-
vate individuals to run their own engines a nul-
lity. Their ignorance, however, cannot exo-
nerate them from blame. They are bound
not to make laws on chance. They arc
not to rattle the dice, and, as they turn up, pass or
reject a Bill. They should ascertain all the effects
of a law before making it. They treated these im-
portant monopolies, however, as private Bills ; they
put the individuals desirous of carrying railways into
effect to the expense of a coniest ; and these national
measures were discussed on private considerations,
and, like all private Bills, carried from personal
motives and from individual influence. The conse-
quences of the railway monopolies begin to make
the folly of the Legislature apparent. It is equally
to blame whether it were ignorant of the effects of
its own proceedings, oriacquainted with them, and
regardless of their consequences. It has, whether
it meant it or not, established in the hands of in-
dividuals a monopoly of the means of transmission,
and has exposed the public to heavier charges, we
believe, than are necessary, and has not provided for
their safety. Such experience is not calculated to
inspire confidence, and certainly does not make us
desirous that it should extend its power, and while
yet completely ignorant of the effects of its own
regulations, should add largely to their number.

Amongst the strange opinions to which distress
and distrust, and political agitation are giving rise,
it is recorded by the Glasgow Argus that the
Chartists of Glasgow have declared for a repeal of
the Union between England and Scotland. That
Journal, however, ridicules the declaration, and
ridicules its author, Mr. JAMES MOIR. It states,
however, that the Chartists assembled in " the
Christian Chartist Church," responded to Mr.
MOIR'S appeal, with three cheers. In Ireland the
repeal, which seems almost as irrational as Mr.
MOIR'S proposal, is undoubtedly popular, and is
making considerable progress. Strange and irra-
tional, therefore, as the demand for a repeal of the
Union between Scotland and England appears,
there is no telling what the continued perseverance
of the Imperial Legislature, in barefaced injustice,
may bring forth.
Even the Argus, we should suppose, cannot be
very confident in its pleasantry, for immediately
after it has ridiculed the Chartists it records, in re-
lation to the Bonnymuir victims, the wonderful
change which has taken place in twenty years, at
the beginning of which Mr. TURNER was confined
in Glasgow Bridewell, who has since been, and
perhaps now is, a Magistrate of that city. Such
great and even terrific political changes have been
witnessed within the last fifty years, that he must
be a bold prophet who will venture positively to de-
clare that it is impossible in the next fifty years
that England, Scotland, and Ireland should be
members of a Federative Republic instead of being
united under one Monarch. The " fermenting"
masses, whether " poisoned" or not, are unques-
tionably most actively at work, and what they will
throw to the top, and what will be lees, there is no
moral chemistry adequate to predict.

The Chartists of Scotland and the Catholics of
Ireland, see the Imperial Legislature so incessantly
engaged in promoting the interests or securing the
superiority of particular classes or sects, and the
vast power and vast utility of legislative bodies are
so continually harped on, that the Irish and Scotch
very naturally want one of their own. Indeed, we
should not be surprised if each class in England,
in imitation of the rich—and each sect, in imitation
of the Churchmen—should demand an exchisive
Legislature to work out its own ends and objects.
We are not particularly friendly to great constitu-
tional or fundamental changes ; but our Legislature
has been so prostituted, it has been so warped from
the avowed intention of promoting the general inte-
rests, to subserve class and sectarian purposes, and
uphold unjust privileges, that, mentally and morally,
men are prepared for the greatest possible changes.

. _
Under such circumstances, it being quite impos-
sible to foresee what may happen, common pru-
dence seems to dictate that those who now make
the laws should set an example of doing justice.
If the Legislature go on plundering the people by
means of laws, it affords a pretext to the Char-
tists, and all the unrepresented, whenever they
have the power, to imitate its example. They are
now taught that legislation is superior to
right, that property may be violated at the will of
its members, for property is continually violated in
the persons of the labourers, who, whenever they
'nave the power, will most probably follow out
that teaching, and deal as liberally with the estates
of the Peers as the Peers now deal with the pro-
duce of industry. The course of our Legisla-
ture, far more than the present disposition of
the masses, shows a dark and sad scene in the pic-
ture of Britain. That the present gigantic system
of what Mr. COZDEN and all right-minded men
call robbery by law can long be maintained is mo-
rally and even physically impossible. The appe-
tite for wealth grows with what it feeds on, and
toil, strained to the utmost, cannot answer its rapa-
cious calls. To prevent overwhelming ruin, the
present Legislature, while it has yet power, must
begin to set the example of doing justice, trusting
to the good sense of the public to make that as
little as possible, in the first instance, :injurious to
individuals. Ultimately it must benefit all.

The official accounts of the successful exp'oits
of the Allies on the coast of Syria, which we have
copied horn the London Gazette of last night, re-
flect the highest honour upon the gallant Comulo-
dore NAPIER, WllO has hitherto proved him2ll.
the life and soul of the expedition. " Men like
Commodore NAPIER," as the Chronicle justly ob-
serves, " almost command success by the spirit
which their energy infuses into all around
them." Whatever may be the result of the
Syrian expedition, Commodore NAPIER has
established his claims to the distinction of his
Sovereign, and the confidence of his fellow-coun-
trymen, in his zouraf;e, promptitude, and sagacity.
There is but one thing that we could wish, and
that ist that to him had been entrusted the corn •
-

mand of the expedition against China. He would ►be It-lade, bearing the
have soon settled the Opium question. ; VITTORIA, President
the Regency appeared
The Paris Journals of Sunday, which, but for
the Sth

the stormy state of the weather, would have reached
us yesterday morning, and the whole of the morn-
ing and evening papers of Monday have been re-
cetred. The following summary of the news from
the East, received by the French Government, is
from the Messager of Monday night :

" The news from Alexandria, up to Oct. 31, fully con-
firm and develope that contained in the telegraphicdespatch
of Nov. 1.

" Everything was tranquil in Egypt, and the fortifica-
tions of the port of Alexandria advanced rapidly towards
completion.
" Considerable reinforcements had been introduced into
St. Jean d'Acre. This place had not been attacked on
the 28:h.

" The mountaineers of the environs of Naplouse remained
faithful to the cause of Mehemet Ali. The same feeling
existed amongst the population of Jerusalem. The insur-
rection, already so considerable in the Lebanon at the date
of the preceding news, did not appear to have made there
any fresh progress.
The number of Turks disembuked amounted to
1,200, and they expected reinforcements.
" There was but imperfect information as to the position
of Ibrahim P.:cria, because bands of insurgents intercepted
or at least rendered very difficult, the communications
which the son of the Viceroy was endeavouring to re-esta-
blish, by echelon rant on the road some cavalry regiments.
It was, hoWever, known that the Commander-in•Chii f,
after the check be had en the coast—when, surprised by
superior forces be was compelic•d to fall back, no:, how-
ever, without a lively resistance—had retired to Balbeck,
and that he had been joined there by Soliman and Osman
Pachas, with the wrecks of their divisions, and that, having
assembled around bim the garrisons of Tripoli, Latakiah,
Tortosa, and Hurts, he found himself with forces sufficiently
imposing in presence of the new Prince of the Druscs. The
I: t:er was encamped at Ammana, at four leagues from

" A corps of three thousand Turks and five hundred
British, who left Beyrout, with twelve pieces of cannon,
was gone, it was said, to reinforce the Emir. It was
added, that another detachment of two hundred English,
with six cannon, would repair to the slime destination,
" The disposition of thy' town of Damascus inspired
some uneasiness. A conspiracy bad been discovered there
against the Egyptian Government, and several peroils
had been arrested.
" Ocher news; received via Constantinople, state that
Ibrahim Pacha, wishing to concentrate all his forces, had
caused to be evkcuated, at the same time, Tripoli, Lata-
ki.sh, Tortusa, and Homs, the cities of Tarsus and of
Adana, and the defiles of the Taurus. The Ottoman
suthoritica had not been aole to take possession of these
places, for want of sufficient forces."
The same Journal states that the circular of
M. G vizoT to the French diplomatists, which
appeared in the London papers of Saturday last,
is altogether incorrect.
In the Univers of Sunday we find die foliow•in

article :
" The Commission of the Address of the Chamber of
Deputies continues its labours with the greatest ardour. It
has entered upon a careful inquiry into the situation of
domestic and foreign policy, and especially into the nego-
tiations which preceded and followed the Treaty of LA.:-
don. Ministers are summoned each day to the Commis-
sion, and communicate all the documents that are asked
of them. M. Humann has drawn up a statement of the
finances, such as the documents fit the late Ministry have
left them. This statement has made a deep impression
on the members of the Commission. They have also
manifested, after the perusal of the documents, the
strongest disapprobation of the slant of foresight and ad-
dress displayed in all the sets preceding and following the
Treaty of London. And, it seems, the majority of the
Commission seem determined to express the most energetic
censure on the political conduct of the late Cabinet."
The same paper says that whilst M. Thiess proposed to
raise 900,000 men, the present Ministry will be contented
with an effective of 500,000, which will demand an annual,
expense of 850,000,000 of francs. The present Ministry;
•
in that case, will not mobilize the National Guard.
With regard to the extraordinary credits requited
to support the increased military force of France,
the illessager offers the following defence of the
present Cabinet :
"In copying from another journal that the Ministry
wishes to ask of the Chamber the necessary credits to
maintain an effective army of 500,000 men, the Consti-
tutionnel accuses the Ministry of ruining our finances.
The Constitutionnel forgets that the effective force of
500,000 men, and the extraordinary credits which it re-
quires, are the result of ordonnances issued by the last
Cabinet. What would have been the indignation of the
Constitutionnel if the Ministry had just proposed to re-
duce the armaments, and to annul the ordonnances?"
The Finance Minister stated in the Committee,
on Saturday, that the financial engagements of M.
THlEits, exceeding the budget, amounted to up-
wards of eight hundred and fifty millions of francs,
or thirty-four millions of pounds sterling I So
much for the frugality of the War Cabinet.
We have pleasure in quoting from the Presse of
Saturday the following announcement :
" We have reason to believe that two agents have re-
cently departed from the Foreign-office, one for Alexan-
dria, the other for Constantinople. The first has for mis-
sion to engage Mehemet Ali to make his submission ; the
second to obtain from the Porte the withdrawal of tho de-
nt ce of deposition. In respect to the latter, the British
Ministry, it would appear, is disposed to join its represen-
tations to those of France. It is affirmed that a note drawn
up in this sense, and more friendly, consequently, than the
reply of Lord Palmerston to the note of October 8, will be
addressed to our Cabinet, before the discussion of the ad.
dress in the Chambers of Deputies. Prince Esterhazy,
the Austrian Ambassador, after having passed through
Belgium, where he had some conferences with King Leo-
pold, has just taken the direct road to London. His in-
structions, it is affirmed, are friendly for France, without,
however, announcing on the part of Austria a disposition to
separate herself from her allies in the execution of the
treaty."

The above gratifying intelligence receives indi-
rect confirmation from the annexed extract from the
Journal de Fran4/04 :
" All the Paris political circlesfavourable to the present
Cabinet agree in stating, that immediately after the official
reply of the Chatubcr to the speech from the throne, con-
ferences will commence on the Eastern question in London,
and that M. Guizot hopes, it is said, that they will lead to
a prompt and pacific result, of a nature to convince France
that the Powers have no desire to exclude the French Go-
vernment from the r councils, nor to show themselves inac-
cessible to the equitable representations which the new Ca-
binet might have to submit."
The following paragraph is from the editorial
columns of the Commerce :
" The report is circulated in political circles that Lord
Palmerston has addressed to M. Guizot a ncte posterior to
that of the 2d of November, conceived in such terms as
leaves the Cabinet of the Tuileries little hope of arrang-
ing the oriental question in the easy and prompt manner
that M. Guizot expected. It was in consequence of this
note that Lord Palmerston had a conference of three
hours, yesterday, at the Foreign-office, and that despatches
were instantly sent to M. de Bourqueney and the Count de
St. Aulaire."
Want of space compels us to postpone any com-
ments which we might wish to make on the intelli-
gence conveyed in these Journals. The following
additional extracts include all they contain in the
shape of news :
Several Morning Journals announce that the Ministry
intends to prorogue the Chamber for six weeks after the
Address has been voted, and then to dissolve it. This
statement has no foundation. —Monitcur.
With respect to the contradiction given by the ll'loniteur
to the reports of a prorogation and dissolution, which have
been circulated, it has been remarked that Count Mole
likewise contradicted the reports of the dissolution of the
last
Chamber only a week before the publication of the
ordonnance which dissolved it.
Yesterday afternoon Marshal Soult had a conference
With Louis Philippe, which lasted till five o'clock.
For some days past the most alarming reports have been
in circulation of affrays attended with bloothhed, which are
.aid to have taken place L'Orient.
The
gdivtehsc,
how-
ever, followingetrt.-yit ;:st tr
distressing
s xi eintelligence
aiagcl
elt
ntcohefe rtt °pro rdt sa,t e
" The town is in a state of great agitation; the artillery
and the troops of the line arc fighting in great numbers in
::"lenm Captaind twosaTndeminest,hCoSmtrmeeatnsd;in
de Marseilles has the
wounded. "_La Gazette de France.
The Su, men are killed and many
left .‘l,tzagan on the Ist ut NtobvefeomSlltbo.ewjri,onsgheappshardbal:gipgrta,sp‘e‘h'dh'i7ahs
follows :—The French Consul at Magazan informed him
that his colleague, M. de Laoort, Consul at Mogadore, had
taken under his protection an Arab who had escaped from
the army of Abd-el- Kader, and whom the Emir had made
prisoner, as being in the service of France. The Pecha
of Mogadore would not recognise this protection, and
,ez..d the Arab by fare-'. Under these circumslances, the
Cor,ol thought it hi: duty to strike his fl and to place
it under the protection of the English Consul."—Le Gun
stitutionnel.

Imp

The Sentinelle de la Marine, a Toulon journal, says:—
" A report has reached us this morning that the Maritime
Prefect has received a telegraphic despatch, ordering- him
to hasten as muc!l as possible the repairs of the Ph ;re
steamer, that it may be read
to receive the successor of
Marshal Vallee, whose name is not mentioned. If wemay believe the ref its in circulation, tile departure ~f the
Filar° is to take place on Tuesday next, by which time
the new Governor of Algiers, it is said, will arrive in this
port."—Le Commerce.
BOURSE.--PArirs, MoNDAv, Nov. 16.
HALF • PAST THREE. --ClOSillg Prices: Five per Cents.,
110 f. 20c. ; Three per Cents., 78f. 40e. ; Bank of France,
3235 f. ; Neapolitan, 101. 50c. ; Roman. 991 ; Spanish
Active, 24i; ditto Passive, 51 ; Belgian Five per Cents.,
95'64; Portuguele Three per Cents., 23,k.

The 7‘.1-"drid hams received are fn rho sth inPt.
The Regency had ordered the official seal of the
QUEEN-REGENT to be destroyed, and another to

ressin " The Duke of
The following decree of
the Madrid Gazette of

" The Provisional Regency of the Kingdom, in the
name of the Queen Donna Isabella 11., has decreed :
" Art. I. All sentences of banishment and imprison.
mcnt emanating from the Juntas, since their creation, arc
annulled from this day ; and all persons thus sentenced
shall be si t at liberty, and allowed to settle wherever they
may think fit.

Art. 11. The preceiing article interferes in no man-
ner with any action or pr.,eecution that may be pvtltug.
(Signed) '6 Duke of VITTORIA.
" At the Palace, Nov. 7, 1840.
To Don Manuel Cortina."

The weekly returns of the registrations of deaths in
tEe metropolis are constantly laid before the readers of
this Journal, and by the Annual Report of the Regis•
trar-General, it is shown that the mortality in the parish
of St. George, Hanover-square, is much lower than any
other district of London. The following remarkable
facts connected with the subject show how frightfully
the mortality in that district is increased by St. George's
Hospital, at the corner of Grosvenor•place, Knight--
:ridge, being within that parish. By the registration re-
turns commencing July, 1, 1837, to the quarter ending
30th Sept„ 1840, the whole number of deaths in St.
George's, Hannver-squlre, is 4,760, of which number
928 died In St. George's Hospital, so that nearly 2.0 in
every 100 deaths in the whole of that numerous parish
occur in the hospital.