The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-27 00:00:00

TILE SUN, LONTiON, TURSIjAY, JULY 27, 184'

consumption, could it be cheaply obtained, would
be so great as here. Cheap ,sugar would be a great
benefit to all the poorer classes. There is no
country to which so great an injury is done by
laying restrictions on the importation of sugar as
in England. There is no class of people, moreover,
who suffer so much from the restrictions
on importation, as the farmers and agricultural
labourers. Were sugar cheap, many bushels of
fruit that now ripen and rot, in orchards and in
hedge rows, might be converted into palatable
and wholesome nourishment.

From sugar being excluded or rendered excess
sively dear by taxation, to fatten lazy negroes,
or enable lazier planters to roll in their easy
chariots along the smooth roads of England, or
fill their purses to bribe the immaculate electors
of Cambridge and other places, the peasantry
and farmers of England are prevented from
having those preserved fruits which constitute
much of the food of the peasantry in some
parts of the Continent, and in all parts the luxu-
ries of the rich. Our agriculturists are grievously
injured by the taxation on sugar, yet under the
influence of the parsons, and by the direction of
the landlords, they have voted for men who go
to Parliament to maintain the present exorbitant
duties, which the Ministers proposed to reduce.
A family of five persons of the middle ranks
will use at the very least one hundred-weight of
sugar per year, which at only 2d. per lb., to say
nothing of the immense benefits which all classes
derive from an extension of foreign trade, is
18s. Bd. per annum, which the farmers have by
their votes levied on themselves. We presume
they will repent before long of their folly, which
is like that of men cutting off their noses to be
revenged of their faces.

An appeal has been made to the electors on
the subject of free trade, and the electors have
returned an unfavourable answer. They will not
have it. They will have impeded and restricted
trade. What lesson should we learn from this?
Why, that the electors must be better instructed.
There can be no hope that good laws will be
passed, and when passed no reason to rely on
their being retained, unless the electors be first
convinced of their utility. The process of con-
verting and enlightening them may be slow, and
far less flattering than the hope of converting the
proximate Premier, or the leading statesman in
opposition, but it is the only sure and safe way
to accomplish permanent improvements.
The political doctrines which once become the
heartfelt creed of a people, may ,guide their con-
duct to the end of time ; but embraced only by
statesmen, they may guide the national councils
no longer than during one Administration. We
reflect with some surprise and some grief, that
the great doctrines of free trade, which Dr.
SMITH expounded, were cordially embraced by
Lord GRENVILLE, and assented to by Lord
LIVERPOOL, and the statesmen of the past gene-
ration. Mr. PITT, too, was a free trader. The
successors of those statesmen, however, have
not inherited their wisdom; what they
taught and practised seems to have been
lost ; and as the community has gone for-
ward in knowledge, the Tories, with the qua-
lity of mules, have gone backwards. The
knowledge which is confined to statesmen is
evanescent; that which is spread through the
people endures for ever. Hence we should like
to see the Press rely more on the people than on
Parliament, as the moving power of reform, and
only demand those measures which the people
are willing to support.
Parliament is useful now chiefly as a vehicle
for discussing proposed measures, and so making
their bearings known to the public. The disso-
lution of the last Parliament, on account of the
Budget, and the assembling of another, will ne-
cessarily make free-trade the topic of discussion ;
and without further anticipating to what it will
lead, we may safely say that no event within our
recollection has done so much to make the doc-
trines of free-trade familiar to the nation as the
defeat of the Whigs and the success of the Tories.

The Extraordinary Express from Paris, pub-
lished in our Afternoon Edition of yesterday,
anticipated most of the news containdd in the
Paris Journals of Sunday. The following com-
munication from our Correspondent of that date,
and the extracts which follow it, include all the
additional information to be gleaned from Sun-
day's Journals :

(FROM OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, JULY 25.—There has been an extraordinary
dearth of political news of importance for the last few
days, and the only thing that has had to be remarked by
the readers of the French Papers and the hunters after
political intelligence, has been the absence of information
o.n points where it was much wanted. Thus, Admiral
Trug,zi's squadron has sailed from Toulon, the Moniteur,
and the-ozer organs of the Government taking especial
care to say nothing about its destination. We have rea-
son to believe that it..is going to follow the small division
which sailed a few weeki ago, nominally for Tunis, but
in reality for Greece and Candia, and that Admiral
Hugon will show himself in the Levant. The precise
object of this move is difficult to be conjectured, on ac-
count of the very peaceable nature of the latest intelli-
gence from the East ; but there must be something to
have caused the late despatching of five British vessels of
war from Malta for Syria, since followed by some more :
and now that France has " re-entered the European con-
cert," as the Government scribes have it, she possibly
thinks it a good opportunity to let the tri-coloured flag
again appear in the Eastern seas. There is,. however,
nothing warlike in the movement ; and the last mail
from Malta makes things to be more tranquil than for
a long time past.
Another omission is that of M. Humann, the Finance
Minister, to send out his loan : the talk goes that no
issue will take place before December ; and a very im-
probable rumour has been circulated that this Minister
may after all, issue it in Four per Cents. This in the
present state of the Money Market could hardly be
effected.

It is asserted by some semi-official prints that the ob-
ject of the Royal and Noble personages who waited on
the Queen Dowager of Spain yesterday, was not so much
to compliment her Majesty on her fete day, as to congratu-
late her on putting her name to the last composition of M.
Rea Bermudez, called " A Protest against the Guardian-
ship." The Queen- of. the French and some of the
Princesses went to their illustrious relative on this occa-
sion—a circumstance which is alone sufficient to contra-
dict such a rumour. The cautious prudence of the wily
head of the Orleans family (who is just as fond of having
his own way with all the members of his family as with
the State,—and has more than once taken the amiable
Duchess of Orleans to task for presuming to offer her
opinion in his august presence) would never allow the
Queen to compromise his slippery policy towards Spain
to such an extent.

We are able to affirm that M. de Saint Aulaire
has definitively been named to the French Embassy at
London, and that he has accepted it ; but only on
condition of entering upon the office when not a
shadow of uncertainty shall remain as to the state
of the East (which is still considered as liable to
fluctuations) and when the Baron de Bourquenay
shall be able to give him admission to Manchester
House with a perfectly clear portfolio. The new Am-
bassador is a gentlemanlike man, of conciliating dispo-
sition, and was a great favourite at Vienna.
It is rumoured here in certain Conservative circles
that in case of a Tory Administpation coming into
power in England, Lord Stuart de Rothesay will again be
sent over as Ambassador, at least for a time. This is said
to be at the special recommendation of the Duke of Wel-
lington. But even if his Lordship should come it will
only be to keep the place open
.for Lord Canterbury,
who may be considered the definitive Ambassador.
The Toulouse affair is blowing over The Govern-
ment is afraid of the state of feeling in the capital, and
dares not to show its teeth at Toulouse.—otherwise, Va
victis ! M. Maurice Duval, the Commissioner Extraor-
dinary, has been making a conciliatory speech (a thing he
never did before in his life !) and it is to be hoped that
this awkward business will not turn out so unfortu-
nately for the people as was at one time feared. It is
truly ludicrous to see the Government people now
swearing by all their gods that they abhor the idea of
screwing up the taxes ! The grapes are sour.

The Moniteur of the 25th July has no official part.
M. Decazes, junior, arrived at Havre, from St.
Petersburgh, on the night of the 23d, on board the Tage
steamer. _ _

The Journal du Havre announces that he set out
immediately for Paris, with very urgent despatches for
the French Government.—Le Constitutionnel.
_.

- .....
The King was expected this evening at the Tuile-
ries, where he will remain till after the fetes.
de Toreno, who is now at Paris, appears to act
a sort of political part ; he has had within these few days
several conferences with the Minister for Foreign Affairs,
which have perhaps some connection with the protest of
the ex-Regent against the resolution of the Cortes, which
had deprived him of the guardianship of his dauhter.
A new promotion of Peers is said to be in contem-
plation, at least it is reported that M. Sebastiani will be
very shortly introduced into the palace of the Luxem-
bourg. What seems to give some foundation to the re-
port is, that the Ministry is accused of already taking
steps. to secure the election of M. Agenor de Gasperen in
Corsica.—Le Temps,
According to the same journal, M. Humann in-
tends to defer the issue of the loan till the month of
December next.

The Tage, Captain Verspecke, which, notwith-

standing the bad weather, has performed in seven days
the voyage from St. Petersburgh to Havre; met in the
Cattegat, on the night of the 19th instant, with a French
frigate, supposed to be the Danae, which is sent to Cron-
stadt to be at the disposal of M. de Baraiite", our Ambas-
sador in Russia.

The whole plain of Valence is reaped. The wheat
is fine, having been protected from the great heat by
several days of damp and rainy weather. The harvest,
without being abundant, is at least above that of ordinary
years. The farmers are content.—Le Commerce.

Advices from the lonian Islands of the 7th instant
state, that the new Lord High Commissioner had hitherto
led a west retired life, anti as yet held only one levee, on
the anniversary of the coronation of Queen Victoria, at
which he, for the first time, received the local authori-
ties and the Foreign Consuls.
Accounts from Tunis of the 9th inst., brought by
the Malta Times of the 15th, state that the Bey was ac-
tively engaged in repairing the fortifications and training
his troops, in the anticipation of an attack from the
Turks. He had then about 7,000 men concentrated at
the Goletta. The Montebello and Neptune,. two French
ships of the line, had arrived in Tunis a few days before.
-- The Portafoglio Maltese of the 12th inst. publishes
intelligence from Tripoli of the 4th, announcing that the
province of Gorian had made its submission to the Bey,
that the Scheik Ghtuna had taken refuge in the moun-
tains with his most zealous partisans, and all the chiefs
of the villages had been made prisoners, and sent on
board a vessel to be conveyed to Tripoli. Five deputies
despatched by Ghuma to offer peace to Ahmet Pacha had
been marched loaded with chains to Tripoli, and decapi-
tated. Mrs. Warrington, wife of Colonel H. Warrington,
our Consul-General, died at Tripoli on the 3d inst.
-L. The Ganges also sailed on Sunday for Mahon, to
watch the movements of the French fleet under Admiral
Hugon, which, as well as that destined for the Levant
under Admiral Lasusse, are known to have sailed from
Toulon, and on the 24th ultimo were both cruizing off
the Balearic Islands, without their precise object being
known. A line-of-battle ship and two frigates, no doubt
forming part of the squadron for the Levant, passed Malta
on the 29th ultimo, Ist, and 3d instant.
The French corvette Enibuscade suffered some dam-
age in the Levant from an explosion of thirty charges of
gunpowder, which were lying on the poop drying. The
gunner and two others of her crew were killed, and eight
or ten men wounded. Mons. Mallet, the commander,
had a miraculous escape.

We regret to learn from a Correspondent at
Madrid that a marked jealousy of this country
begins to manifest itself among all classes in the
Spanish capital. A rumoured request of the
British Government to a military hospital at
Palma, has given rise to a popular impression
that England is about to seize the Balearic
Isles. The outrages of some smugglers on
the Spanish coast is likewise laid at the door of
our Government, as if it was the duty of a British
Minister to enforce the orderly observance of the
Spanish Commercial Code ! Spain will injure
herself by her suspicions, and the intemperate
language of her Deputies. To prevent smug-
gling the remedy is easy and efficacious—throw
trade open by.abolishing the high rate of import
and export duties.

MR. MACAULAY AND lIIS CONSTITUENTS.--A dispute
has arisen between the Secretary at War and some of
the electors of Edinburgh, in consequence of an applica-
tion to him by the Town Council for a subscription to-
wards the support of the races at that city. The follow-
ing extract from Mr. Macaulay's reply has been submit-
ted to us :—" In the first place, I am not clear that the
object is a good one ; in the next place, I am clear that
by giving money for such an object in obedience to such
a summons, I should completely change the whole cha-
racter of my connection with Edinburgh. It has been
usual enough for rich families to keep a hold on corrupt
boroughs by defraying the expenses of public amuse-
ments. Sometimes it is a ball, sometimes a regatta.
The Derby family used to support the Preston races.
The Members for Beverley, I believe, find a bull for their
constituents to bait. But these were not the conditions
on which I undertook to represent Edinburgh. In re-
turn for your generous confidence, I offer faithful Parlia-
mentary services, and nothing else. I am, indeed, most
willing to do what I can towards assisting your registra-
tion. lam willing to contribute the little I can spare to
your most useful public charities. But even that .I do
not consider as matter of contract. Nor should I think
it proper that the Town Council should call on me to
contribute even to an hospital or a school. But the call
which is now made is one so objectionable, that I must
plainly say I would rather take the Chiltern Hundreds
than comply with it."—[Having felt it our duty to ani-
madvert somewhat freely on the supineness, or negligence,
or abstraction of the Right Hon. Gentleman who is the
subject of the above paragraph, we must say that we
think this letter does him honour. His conduct is
straightforward and manly. It ought to be imitated by
every other honest and independent representative.—
ED. Sun.]

EXPRESS FROM PARIS

Accounts from Paris, dated yesterday, have reached
town. They state that all was tranquillity at Tou-
louse and in the neighbouring departments. The
despatches received in Paris from the departments had,
in respect of the harvest, issumed a favourable characiler.
Ttie weather in that capital had become superb.

Private letters from Vienna, of the 19thinst., mention
that commercial affairs were improving. Prince Milos*
who had farrived at Pesti', on the 16th instant, was ex-
pected in Vienna on the 20th. His object was to solicit
the protection of Austria against Russian intrigue.

The mail from Constantinople was overdue iu conse.
quence, it was supposed, of the floods, which were ge•
neral. A shock of au earthquake was felt at Vienna or
the 13th inst.

The Madrid news of the 19th instant are unimportant.
The report on the projected loan of 60,000,000 of
reals had been agreed on in committee, and would
be laid before the Chamber on the 20th. The
Government continued to send reinforcements to the
Balearic Islands.

The Five per Cents. were done at 25if cash, and 25
and 263 at different dates.

HAMBURGII MAIL.

COLOGNE, JULY 16.—We are able to state, on autho-
rity which may be depended on, that his Majesty the
King has granted the considerable sum of 40,000 dollars
towards the expense of prolonging the Rhenish iron
railway to the frontiers of the kingdom, near Minden.
The inhabitants of the provinces of the Rhine and West•
phalia will derive from this act of Royal liberality the
agreeable conviction that sufficient and liberal assistance
from the State will not be refused for the construction of
the railroad to connect the western with the eastern
provinces.
HANOVER, JULY 17.—1 t is said that no hope remains
that an operation may fulfil the wishes of the country,
and restore the sight of our beloved Crown Prince, and
therefore the regulation contained in the letters patent
respecting the signature of the Crown Prince may be
considered as definitive.

• • BERLIN, JULY 19.—A thunder-storm, accompanied by
a real hurricane, passed over Berlin yesterday afternoon
at five o'clock. The damage done is considerable. In
the Park and in other places many of the largest trees
were thrown down. The corn which was cut in the fields
was raised into the air, and carried to a distance of se-
veral miles ; the roofs of several buildings were stripped
off, the windows driven in, and many persons thrown
down. The fine roof of the tavern belonging to the Iron
Railway Company, before the Anhalt Gate, was torn off
and carried into the city. An idea may be formed of
the power of the storm, when we add, that the roof
weighed about 200 cwt.: It was necessary this morning
to cut it to pieces in order to'remove it. The same storm
did considerable damage at Frankfort-on-the-Maine and
other places ; it was felt at llamburgh during the eclipse
of the sun, but happily did no damage of any conse-,
quence.--Hamburgh Papers, July 23.

TRIAL OF THE STOCKPORT VIADUCT.-
This magnificent erection upon the Manchester and
Birmingham Railway, which was completed in Decem-
ber last, is now declared perfectly safe, and ready for all
the lines of the railway. The permanent rails have been
laid, and the first or trial trip was made On Friday after-
noon. The Company's superintendent of the carriages
having examined the vehicles, about 12 of them were
attachd to two engines, a Union jack fluttered in the
breeze at the rear and aft—small cannons were placed on
the top of the last carriage—and at two o'clock, amid
the volleys of firing, the shouts of the passengers,
and the shrill notes of the steam whistles, the whole
train was propelled from the shed, and proceeded
steadily to the centre of the viaduct ; and having moved
across this stupendous piece of architecture, measuring
one-third of a mile in length, the train returned before
three o'clock. The experiment was made with every
possible success, and without the slightest accident or
occurrence calculated in the least degree to mar the
character or the gratification of the trip. In the course
of the day, other trips were instituted by several Direc-
tors of the Company and their friends from Manchester,
for the purpose of testing the solidity of the per-
manent road, all of which, we are happy to add,
terminated to the entire satisfaction of all parties
connected with the undertaking. The extreme
length of the viaduct is 1,780 feet, or (as. we have
already stated) about one-third of a mile; and the width
of the road between the parapets is 28 feet, affording
ample space for two lines of railway. It has 22 semi-
circular arches, each 63 feet span, four of 20. feet span,
and two at each abutment. Its height to the surface
of the rails is 106 feet from the bed of the river, or 111
feet to the top of the battlement, being six feet higher
than the celebrated Menai Bridge, Wales. The foun-
dation stone was laid on the 10th of March, 1839, and
the work was completed 21st Dec. 1840. The quantity
of stone used in the erection is above 400,000 cubic
feet, whilst the number of bricks consumed exceeds
11,000,000. These bricks laid end ways would describe
a distance equivalent to 568 miles and 32 yards, equal
to the measurement by turnpike from the remotest place
in Northumberland to London and back again ! It is a
noble viaduct—a work of great stability and firmness,
and does infinite credit to the designee, Mr. W. Buck,
and to the enterprising character and masterly execu-
tion of Messrs. Tomkinson and Holmes, the contractors,
of Liverpool. The cost was about 70,000/., a saving of
50,0001., having been effected in the whole line to Man-
chester, by increasing the altitude of the viaduct to the
present plan. The line between this town and Manches-
ter was opened on the 4th June, 1839 ; and the whole
length to Crewe will be ready for passengers in March
next,