The Sun.
London, England, 1823-08-07 00:00:00

should adopt the very forms of our political
system. Even Scotland, which has so long been
one united kingdom with England, differs, and
may probably for centuries continue to differ,
from her in many important institutions, al-
though the two parts of the Is:and indisputably
breathe one and the same spirit of undaunted
freedom. To borrow, with a slight variation,
the expressions of an eloquent writer, " Not
only Spain, but all the European Governments,
may become Sister Constitutions, not by servile
copying, which would be a foolish and silly
thing, but by natural and reasonable progress—
Facies non omnibus una, nee diversa tamer--
They were all of the same original Gothic family.
They may recognise and renew the ties of an-
cient kindred. With family likeness, they may
have family affection. They may all be willing to
learn, be all taught, and all speak, the tongue of
freedom." This idea was stupidly and igno-
rantly spurned by the Spanish Revolutionists,
when it was, in the most delicate and distant
manner, suggested to them by the Hero of the
Age. Some of them, it is said, have at length
come to see their folly, and are employed at
,Cadiz in an attempt to approximate their own
senseless code to the British Constitution. If they
succeed in devising a practicable plan, although
the French Government cannot formally treat
with them on such a subject, yet means will
doubtless be found to bring about an even-
tual settlement of affairs consistent with the true
interests of Spain. The King of Spain will be
ready to adopt any project which may promise
tranquillity to his country and security to his
throne : the King of France, in forming a treaty
of friendship and public order wills a Sovereign,
with whom he has not really been at war, will
look only to the necessary guarantees of a gene-
ral pacification : and what better guarantee can
he have than the complete subjection of the re-
volutionary principle, and the establishment of
the Spanish Monarchy on its best and surest
bases ? It needs little argument to prove that
such a termination of the present disturbances
would be most congenial with the principles and
most conducive to the interests of England.

[MORNING HERALD.]
It is still studiously intimated from every
quarter under the influence of the French Prime
Minister, M. de Villele, that the Duke of An-
gouleme is afflicted by the violent conduct and
pretensions of the Madrid Regents. When it is
considered haw entirely those are the crea-
tures of the French, and how utterly depend-
ent they are upon French proteetion for their
very lives, how can it be believed that they
could or • dare contravene the pleasure of the
Generalissimo ?—But besides—the supposed mo-
deration of the Duke of Angouleme is a start.
ling improbability. Is it from his personal cha-
racter or individual opinion on pOlitical matters,
that his moderation is to he inferred ? Nothing
is better known than that he is the hope and the
instrument of the most fanatical Ultra-Royalists
of France,---the cabal of courtiers and confessors
that bang•about the Count d'Artois and Duchess
of Angouleme. Is ft from the King of France
that he can be supposed to derive his forbearance
and impartiality ? Whatever be the personal sea-
timents of that Sovereign, there is nothing in his
manifestoes on the war in Spain which is not in
perfect concord with the course taken by
the Regency of Madrid. All the State
Papers on this subject, bearing his own
name or that of his Ministers, are couched in
language which will bear out the restoration of
the Inquisition. This venerable tribunal is not
named in express terms, but the fair construction
of these documents in their general scope and
spirit, intimates the restoration of this among
the other '6 ancient Institutions . of the Spa-
nish Monarchy." Still less likely is it that
the Duke's moderation should. be inspired
by the French Ministry. The manner in which
they proceed in France is in perfect harmony, so
far as the respective situations of the parties will
admit, with the Regency of Madrid. The latter,
of course, exceed in violence and imbecility.
They imprison and denounce without measure.
Hut the French Ministry are proceeding more
slowly and more surely, by the process call-
ed in France " epuration"--or the wedding
out of all those functionaries who give the
least signs of spirit or independence. The
foreign news, particularly from Spain, in the
French papers, so entirely absorbs the atten-
or English readers, that the domestic
affairs of France are not very closely attended to.
The Ministers at the Tuileries, however, have
been uniformly and sedulously labouring to
weed out Constitutionalism in France. We find it
`stated in the Journals of Sunday, that 90 General
Officers have been placed en retraite ; that is,
we believe, removed from. the half-pay
from the army altogether. It is intimated that
the offence of these General Officers was, for the
most part, their refusal, or at least unwillingness,
to serve in Spain. What an illustration of the
zeal of the f' reach armies in the Spanish call].
Paign It was welt known that the French Mar-
shals had almost all declined the service—m
not equally certain that it had been refused by so
many Generals of inferior rank. The conclusion,
thee, which may must reasonably he drawn is,
that this moderation of the Duke of Angouleme,
'end his disagreement with the Regency, can be
Intt a hollow pretence, the motive of which will
probably. be soon exposed.

CUELMSFORD, Auo. s.—There are about four
hundred loom 3 now in full work in the parishes
of Braintree, and Bocking, by which the poor
are employed, and it is pleasing to observe
the change in their condition, and their cheer-
ful CountenanrK, since they have had the oppor-
tunity of providing for themselves and families.
The,chief manufacture is ilk crape, and many
have turned from the plough to the shuttle.
Great numbers have thus been taken out of the
market and whilst the poor-rate has been much
relieved, very few willing labourers are left un-
ernployed.

following is from the Jamaica Courant :--
4 IV atite(l, for Out TrUfer's office, an industrious
compositor, Liberal w3gfia Will be given,—An
honest sober devil will also be encouraged."

CADIZ AND ITS ENVIRONS.

TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF CADIZ AND

ITS ENVIRONS.

As the eyes of all Europe are at present anxi-
ously fixed upon Cadiz and the events taking
place there, I send you a succinct description of
that city arid its environs, which is indispensably
necessary for a clear understanding of the mili-
tary operations that have or may be carried on
there. This description, accompanied by a plan,
was given, to his friends by Don Thomas Munoz,
Lieutenant-General and Engineer-General of the
Spanish Marine Forces. Its accuracy and fide-
lity may be relied on, as it is impossible to find
any one better enabled to furnish such a descrip-
tion than General Munoz, who passed forty years
of his life at Cadiz, where he had the chief com-
mand of the body of engineers stationed at.
Caracca, the famous arsenal opposite the Isle of
Leon. Cadiz, the handsomest, richest, and most
celebrated town in Andalusia, is built at the ex-
tremity of an isthmus, upon a pile of rocks, which
are washed by the waves of the sea. On the
inland side its ramparts are flanked by a regular
fortification, which thus renders it one of the
strongest places in Europe. The immediate
environs are sterile, exhibiting in general, a
sandy soil. In Cadiz there are no fountains, but
in almost every house there is a cistern to re-
ceive the ruin-water that flows from the terraces.
However, a great part of the population is forced
to bring their water from port St. Marie, a dia.
tend of two leagues by sea and five by land.—
To the west of Cadiz is Fort St. Sebastian, con-
structed in the midst of a ledge of rocks that ex-
tend all round it tea considerable distance. This
fortress is connected with the town by a cause-
way hewn in the rock. It is flanked on the side
of the sea by an anvanced battery and light house.
In order to avoid a bombardment similar to that
which Cadiz suffered from the English in 1797, a
cut, or cortadura, has been made through the
rock, on which the causeway runs, which allows
the gun-boats to pass from north to south with-
out being obliged to double the reef of rocks upon
which the fort is raised. About three hundred
toises from Cadiz is Aguada, a circular redoubt.
It is called Aguada from being the place where
ships water.—The church of St. Joseph, built in
modern times, is the parish church of the citizens
of Cadiz extra muros, who reside in its neigh-
bourhood in wooden houses. All about this place
and Aguada it is a deep sandy soil, upon which,
however, they have contrived to raise kitchen
gardens that partly supply Cadiz with excellent
vogetables. Through these sands there is a paved
tongue
a o
f Royal
land, roonu te.
the
n 00
north
t shied
eextremityof
of a
isthmus
and half a league from Cadiz, is the Fort of Pun-
tales, which defends the entrance of the port.
It is surrounded 'by a great number of wooden
buildings filled with naval stores. Half a league
further, on the same side of the isthmus, is the
fort‘uvohorire:
vitteotieslnfileeipctiaatitisprtsiitieai
tolairvimsritaoduclouslairst
ailliietsr:treililieoBl‘nt‘o,lslalstBiyestd.llCeiame
todol:orftstbuaiy;tidshfiuts:lorifi
tatieusy,tstai
teicotiaaomirt.n:utsasti,itthx,nretfuayutbciltlirtleeepodaaii
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are
transmitted rda, a little fortress sur-
rom th
to s s
the
All about here is a deep sandy soil.
F
Cor-
tadura tire isthmus becomes broader ::d m moreelevated, and about the mill of Sautibonez com-
mence the salt marshes, which are terminated by
the Rio Arillo, a canal or arm of the sea, which
formerly separated the Isle of Leon from that of
Cadiz ; but is course having been choked up by
the sands, these two islands now form but one.
This canal often overflows into the plain, which
is also inundated by the spring-tides and becomes
impassible until the waters are again dried up.
There is a wooden bridge thrown over this canal,
near which is a corn-mill, called De los Mendoz.
After passing this bridge, we find ourselves in the
district of the Isle de Leon, which is separated
from the Continent by an arm of the sea, and the
centre of which is two leagues from Cadiz. It
was here that the wealthy inhabitants of Cadiz
had formerly their superb country houses, but
the Government having made it a station for the
corps of engineers, the rich Cadiz merchants
abandoned their rural seats, and removed to the
little town of Chiclana. The population of the
Isle de Leon before the last epidemic, amounted
to 32,000. The little town of Nueva I'oblacion
de S. Carlos was built in 1774-1775, and is about
half-way between Isle tie Leon and Caracca. It
was meant to facilitate the communication be-
tween these two places. It is chiefly inhabited
by a party of the Marine Corps and persons
connected with the naval establishments. A
great part of the space between the Rio Arillo
and this place is marshy and impassable. There
is a stone bridge over the canal which is in
front of this little town, that connects it with
the road to Caracca. When the Spanish Go-
vernropnt retired to the Isle de Leon, in 1810,
this little town, then known by the name of San
Carlos, was joined to the Isle de Leon, and both
received the joint denomination of San Fernando.
The powder magazines of Fadricas are situated
upon the bay, not for from the Rio Arillo. On
the other side of the isthmus, nearly opposite
these, are the powder magazines of Selina situatsl
ed upon a height two leagues from Cadid. Torre
Alta is a tower situated upon a little hill; it is
furnished ith a telegraph that communicates
with Torre Gordo and Cadiz. In the neighbour-
hood of this tower, and about the heights of Se
this,
steho", (;iitsuastotit,dlenenxtclf:(l! bnaty,pansohltrafagre'—froCr:setl7e
Nueva l'oblacion de S. Carlos, is a magazine for
Royal naval stores.—Puente de Suazo—this stone
flankedtbirni:ge °
l t t;
itilyinienre.etc,wtl
redoubts
the Isle Le
etsx tortsian sor w
t t:ei t bi rtiie o
drg eCn.
are
each side of tine road,
and protected by trenches which till with water
at time high tide. The soil all around i• s Vearnpy
and impracticable. The only firm footing is on the;
paved road, and about three feet on each side of it.
Beyond this to a considerable extent are salt
marshes. Semi Petri is a little castle on an islet, a,
short distance from the shore. The inhabitants cross
at low water-mark, by jumping fromt the point of
one rock to the other, but this requires practice