The Sun.
London, England, 1841-04-12 00:00:00

GERMANY.

FRANKFORT, APRILS.-It cannot sufficiently be lamented
that Austria should deem it necessary to follow with such
anxiety every step taken by the Governments of the Swiss
Cantons. its utmost efforts cannot successfully combat
the necessary advances which the social institutions of the
confederation, in common with the rest of Europe, must
make, and it would consequently show more tact if it did
not betray the feeling that every advance, especially every
approach to Protestantism, formed an accession of strength
to the French and democratic party. In the present in-
stance I am induced to attribute the principal share of the
diplomatic activity which has been shown to the personal
feeling of the Ambassador. fits second note, which was
not delivcref in writing, but, as is reported, was teed to
the President, has at length appeared in print, and, while
it displays no small degree of irritation, contains little
more than a gratuitous assumption that the decree for dis-
solving the convents lays the foundation for a dissolution
of the confederacy itself.
The Austrian Court is desirous of plating the part of
champion of the Romish confession. There is surely no
want of a field for the display of these chivalrous senti-
ments. Poland is being forcibly converted to the Greek
creed, not with the will of its inhabitants, but by the most
glaring and atrocious acts of oppression, which it is a
sin not to proclaim more loudly than has hitherto been
done. Russia is a more worthy antagonist than the poor
Swiss cantons ; and it would be more creditable for an
Austrian Minister to receive instructions to defend the
cause of the really oppressed against a powerful tyrant,
than to find himself leagued with the envoy of that tyrant
in defending rights which no longer exist against the au-
tonomic acts of a free and enlightened people.
The Prussian Provincial Diets arc actively pursuing
their task. The Diet of Prussia has published a reply to
an urgent petition for constitutional forms ; in which it
states that the Royal propositions, presented so soon after
the promises given by the King to improve the representa-
tion of the nation, afford a sufficient guarantee that it is
the wish of the Sovereign to confer the boon of free re-
presentation upon his country. In this province it has
been resolved, that it is desirable in the case of a reduc-
tion of the taxation, that it should take the form of a re-
duction in the salt duty.
BERLIN, MARCIE 31.—We have to-day read with in-
tense interest the details of the debates in the meeting of
the States of the Grand Dukedom of Posen upon the
proposition to form a General Assembly out of the sepa-
rate bodies of the States. The result, it is true, has been
a negative one, but still a great part of the ground was
more of a constitutional than an anti-constitutional nature.
One principal motive was unquestionably the line of sepa-
ration which Poland strives to preserve from the German
elements of the State. In that lies a powerful lesson in
favour of a Constitution for Prussia. What do the Poles
fear? The being too thoroughly amalgamated by means
of one common legal system with the whole mass to be
able to sever themselves from it. And thus " the law is
that strong tie they fear to meet." Now, the adversaries
of the Constitution have constantly put forward the opi.
nion that it was impossible for Prussia in its scattered state
from the Moselle to the Niemen, and considering the differ-
ent nature of the separate countries combined in it, ever to
support a Constitution, and that it could only be go-
verned by a unity of will. I have always maintained pre-
cisely the contrary opinion. Absolute will may certainly
be maintained in quiet times with apparently more surety
and decision, as the governing principle of a collection of
countries and people of such different kinds. But in stor-
mier times it will very quickly oppear that the unpliable-
ness of the several parts increases, when an attempt is made
to bind them by the rough bond of one single ;will ; on
the contrary, it would give way to the great and all-em-
bracing representative system, which would guarantee all
separate interests. The greatest example of the truth of
this may be found in the still much more heterogeneous
states of North America. If instead of their constitu-
tion a Russian Emperor were to be giseti them, it would
be very easy to break up and sunder the disjecla membra.
Russia is a kingdom thus subsisting out of disjecta numbs-a;
but then these members are dead among themselves.
Should they come to life, they would need to have one
soul, or a hundred different bodies. Be that as it may,
the spark has been struck—the light begins to shine. Let
morning once dawn upon us, and the slower the sun has
dissipated 'the mist, the morn bright and lasting will be
the day.
HAMBURG BORSENHALLE, APRIL 8.
Bills. Money
Austrian 5 per Cents.
Bank Shares
163006
Anylo-Russian Loan 107% 0734
Russian 5 per Cent. tat series, Certificate
Inscription, Ist Selies lOl%
Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co. 3d and 4th
Series 97 96%
Ditto in Certificates
New 4 per Cent. (1840) 87% b 7
Dutch ..ctual Debt, 2s, pc. Cent 5O 49%
Ditto 5 per Cent —
145
Polish Bond*
New : icket
Anglo. Danish Lotus, 3 per Cent 75 74%
N •i wegian Loan, 1834, 4 per CroZ... —
Spanish, New 5 per Cents. l6
EXCHANGES ON LONDON.
sl'i.koTekKansoaLuma
pI‘RIiALR2C.I_I 30s
`L.
—eil;tWy.ofim,
eondtahys, ~ 3191%.
4p4e. n c e
CEIRISTIANIA, MARCH 31.--Three months, 4 64.
BREMEN, MARCH 30 —Two months, 16 Ja

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAT.
(From the Morning Chronicle.)
The Morning Post has been praiseworthily labouring to
fill the world with abhorrence of the desire to purchase
cheaply. In the new code of commercial ethics cheapen-
ing is to be proscribed. People are to go into markets,
not for the purpose of discovering what is cheapest, but
what is dearest. If two men have the same commodity of
equal goodness, the one who asks the highest price de-
selves a preference. But we will allow our fashionable
Contemporary to speak for himself:—
" The principle of buying wherever you can in the world
cheapest, and of taking nothing into account but cheapness,
we contend to be the meanest, harrenest, and worst descrip-
tion of national policy that can be conceived. It is very well
for the interest of the least estimable class in the community,
namely, the greedy class, who make a god of capital' er mo-
ney ; but every man who wishes well to the nation as a whole,
and who feels for the people, ought to regard with abhorrence
this desire of cheapness, which is but another' name and form of
6 grinding the faces of the poor.'
The I,rinciples against which our Contemporary now
thunders, have so far corrupted society, that sellers are
afraid of purchasers who z;r: indifferent to price. They
even suspect that he who does not care hew much he pro-
mises to pay will not care to perform his promise. Mon
who go into a market with ready money are uniformly
found desirous of purchasing cheaply. They are tainted
with the abhorred desire of cheapness. But to descend
from the sublimities of our Contemporary to humbler
matters—it seems the advantage of selling dearly is to be
confined to one class, the landlords, who, on the other hand,
are to be allowed to purchase the produce of manufactur-
ing industry in the cheapest market in the world :
" What certain trading capitalists appear to want," he says,
" is that they may take all the advantage which wealth gives
in every part of the world, and at the same time have the na-
tional advantages which are peculiar to England. This cupi-
dity is not to be borne. If they possess the advantages of Bri-
tish localities, British materials, British energy, and along with
these the capital, which is of equal power everywhere, they
must be content to bear with the one disadvantage which be-
longs to England, namely, a redundancy of population which
must be supported, and habits of living on the part of that po-
pulation which are more expensive than in other parts of the
earth. The desire to drive British cultivators out of em-
ployment because the corn they produce is somewhat dearer
than that which foreign cultivators produce, is a base and sor-
did desire, which it would he suicidal madness of the Legisla-
ture to gratify."
Undoubtedly the manufacturers cannot have the land-
' lords' commodities at a cheap rate because the agricultural
produce of the British Islands is inadequate to the
supply of the population ; and, as we must import
net merely corn, but butter, cheese, hams, eggs, &c.,
and on all these commodities heavy duties are imposed,
th,' price to the British consumer must always exceed
that Of the people who export, by the freights and
charges, and duties. But the manufacturer must sell at
a ctreap rate to the agriculturist. He is an exporter, and
therefore protecting duties would avail him nothing. The
puke he receives in the foreign market determines
the price at home. If a. manufacturer could sell at
his own price at home, he would trot incur the
trouble and risk of exportation. It will not do for
him to allege that he hOs costly habits cf living, and
therefore he cannot afford tta sell under a certain price.
He must sell for what he can get, and if his habits of liv-
ing arc beyond his receipts, he must go into the Gazette.
The public, however, understand the question. It is a
question entirely of power. The landlords have a prepon-
derating influence in the Legislature, and they use that
influence to indulge in costly habits of living at the expense
of other people. The brigand, when he has a traveller in
his power, does not stop to colevince him that it is proper
he should be pillaged. The landlords do not themselves
believe in the justice of their cause ; but it is convenient
for them to have the money of ether people. It is entirely
a stand-and-deliver affair.
" Buying in the cheapest market," observes a Contemporary
(the Examiner), " and selling in the dearest, is an economi-
cal truth acquiring solidity and form, because almost all the
most distinguished of our landowners and legislators have long
laboured to prove its truth and efficacy in that branch of trade
in which they era engaged.
" The manufacturers say, naturally, if you maintain it as a
practical truth for yourselves, that selling in the dearest mar-
ket and buying in the cheapest is the best for you, why compel
us to buy in the dearest market and sell in the cheapest?
Allow us to try your own maxim. We have always more cloth
to sell than you want to buy. You have never corn enough
to sell to supply our wants. You therefore buy from us at
competition prices, and you compel us to buy of you at the
price of monopoly."
But though injustice may prevail for some time longer,
et it cm only prevail from the supineness of the people.
Symptoms of impatience on the part of the masees begin
to be manifested. The people will only suffer up to a cer.
tain point. When once the determination to get rid of
the evil becomes general, the landlords mu,t give way.
There can be no efficient resistance to an united people.
The Morning Post of this day, alluding to the question
of the Hanoverian Static Duties, says :—" On the vast
trade of England the amount of the Stade duties is a
trifle so insignificant as to be no more felt than a fly on
the chariot wheel of her triumphant commerce. Its dis-
cussion froth first to last was a malignant, and as it has
turned out, a defeated and profitless attempt to insult and
to injure his Majesty of Hanover. It has been demon-
strated to be in all its main features utterly untenable,
and the pending adjustment of its minor details will
have precisely the opposite effect from that anticipated
by its movers—it will give greater permanence and a
clearer title in the Crown of Hanover to the ancient
right which it has vainly attempted to defeat. England
has no longer any material interest involved in this ques-
tion ; and if Hamburgh, or any minor community, may
still fret under the discharge of an obligation to which it
is liable, not as an exception, but in common with the
rest of Europe, it must make its complaints to and its
terms directly with the Government of Hanover itself, and
not by disingenuous representations to the people, or in-
direct insinuations against the Royal Family of England."
The Morning Herald observes, in a leading article sug-
gested by Mr. Evrarea motion on the subject of a public
prosecutor :—" Congenial with the legislation of Mr.
Fox Maule for improving' the administration of justice, is
Mr. Ewart's motion for a Select Committee, with a view
to recommending the appointment of a public prosecutor.
Do the public know how much of innovation upon the estab-
lished principles of the administrative system of British
justice such an appointment would involve? It would ne-
cessarily lead to the abolition of grand juries and prelimi-
nary investigations before Magistrates. We have already
a public prosecutor in the Queen's Attorney-General.
But he cannot, except in certain cases of misdemeanour,
put subjects of the Crown upon trial without the interven-
tion of a grand jury. The public prosecutor which Mr.
Ewart and his party wish to have appointed, is one, we
presume, who is to determine whether accused parties
shall be put on their trial or not, without the intervention
of a grand jury, or even a coroner's inquest, which now, by
means of its finding,' or inquisition,' can put Vie law
in motion against any person charged with homicidal
crime, such finding' or inquisition' operating like a bill
of indictment."
The Times thus refers to the late visitation at York,
and the inquiry into the Ex-Dean's conduct:—" Had not
this visitation been held, the traffic in spiritual preferments
and other notorious and habitual malpractices of the ex-
Dean of York would have been continued, to the mani-
fest scandal of the Church and injury of religion. Had
any less sentence than that of deprivation been pronounced
the purity of the Church itself must have been compro-
mised, by suffering an individual convicted of habitual
simony (the worst kind of fraud), and who had even
affected to glory in his shame, to disgrace her high
placer, to occupy her pulpits, to officiate at her altars, and
once more to dispense the patronage of the noblest of her
cathedrals. Nor is simony the only ground upon which
the removal of such a man from such a situation would
have been necessary. It is easy to imagine acts of contu-
macy, which, although they might legally justify, would
not morally require so severe a penalty as deprivation.
But a temper and deportment so violent, so flippant, so in-
decent, as that lately exhibited by the misguided person
who is the subject of our remarks, amounts in itself to a
moral disqualification for any high spiritual function."

BRIGHTON, APRIL 10.—The town has been
filling very fast by visitors who have come down to spend
the Easter holidays, and the coaches have been reaping a
harvest, in all probability their last, as it is fully expected
the railroad will be completed by Whitsuntide, and the
laying down of the permanent rails is proceeding rapidly.
The following are amongst the distinguished visitors
spending the recess here ; —Earl and Countess of Ken-
mare, the Marquis and Marchioness of Bristol and Lady
Seymour, Lady Louisa Whitmore, the Marchioness of
Queensberry, Lord Sondes, and Sir George and Lady
Rose, Mr. Raikes Currie, &c. The weather is delightful
at present. The gossip of the day is particu:arly directed
to a delicate affair which is alleged to have taken place in
the most fashionable square in this town. Report states
that the very accomplished wife of one of the leaders of
fashion has been so captivated by the uniform of the
Eleventh" that she has abandoned her family of three
young children to " follow the drum." The point of de-
parture is not far from that of another occurrence of the
same kind last year, which caused a great sensation at the
time. The Earl of Westmorland has taken the mansion
on the Marine-parade for many years occupied by the late
Earl of Chatham.
LONGEVITY IN RUSSIA EXPLAINED.—A
statistical economist, who knows nothing. of the internal
arrangement of the province, must he sadly puzzled to
problem is, however, easily solved,
ac-
count for the extraordinary tenacity and vigour of the vital
powers, the healthful influence of the climate, and the as-
po ,
of the civiie authorities. to increase the
tonishing greatnets of the average duration of human life
iwnheßnetshsearacboniat.rivaTahcee
numbers within their municipal jurisdiction is understood.
A refugee appears and prays to be enrolled as a Mesne-
chanin--that is, a citizen of the town. He 13 at first told,
That is not a matter of course, friend : you have no past-
port, too ; but wait awhile, gad we will see what can be
done for you." The refugee waits until one of the civic
community dies, and then he is summoned to appear again
before the Red Table, in the Magisterial office. Now the
bGursiitnsebsosv. proceedsjo\ythhants What is your name?" " Ivan
Twenty-five."
young man, attend to what I am going to say—Mitroto bpheana
Kalenko died yesterday, aged fifty ; if you wish
citizen, you must take upon yourself his name and his age;
then we will allow yoo, to be substituted for him, and will
give you his certificate and other documents." Ivan
Gritshov joyfully consents, and becomes all at once a re-
spectable citizen of a very respectable age. The de-
parted Mitrophan still lives under this metamorphosis on
the civic register,
and, probably, after two or three other
renewals of his existence, dies at the patriarchal age of
150. We need, therefore, no longer marvel at the fre-
. cit,azt accounts of deaths in Russia of persons exceeding
100 year.: ‘!. age.—Germen paper.
While we
TARIFF AL:Li CORN-
LAWS.
Import Duties
ardently desii e a reductLT ,ef some of tke he benefit
for the benefit of the consumer, als,tlef others to: t demand
of the revenue—and while we he;_ic.'ve the 'hat
for such revision may be a suitable adjunct t, .
of Corn-law Repeal, we must join with The Sun and tlie
Circular, in cautioning repeaters against bring diverted
Ne
from their grand object. Many articles comprised in the
tariff comes more or less under the denomination of luxu-
ries, and are therefore fair subjects of taxation, which
corn is not. We see, too, very plainly, that every at-
tempt will he made by Nlinisterialists and " moderates"
to cajole the Corn-law Repealers. We entreat them,
therefore, to be on 'their guard, and to swerve not a hair's
breadth from their noble course, —.Leicestershire Mercury,

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF TIIIS DAY:

- -
HERALD.—The great.!r easiness of money which im-
mediately precedes and accompanies the payment of divi-
dends has the natural effect, in the absence of counteract-
ing circumstances, of improving the value of funded as of
other securities. There are, however, many reasons
why no great advance can be anticipated for some
time to come in the prices of stocks, of which the
gravest may perhaps consist in the very heavy demands
which, sooner or later, are likely to be made upon
the money market to supply the vastly increased wants
of the two Exchequers of France and England. It will
vainly be endeavoured to carry on the national business,
and carry over large yearly deficiencies of income as com-
pared with expenditure, much longer without recourse to
actual loans. Nothing can be more hazardous to public
credit in case of any untoward aspect of public or of com-
mercial affairs, than the existence of an unwieldy floating
debt in the shape of Treasury or Roy al bonds in the one
country, and Exchequer Bills in the other. With re-
spect to the British Treasury in particular, it is now only
that the disastrous and discreditable consequences arc
beginning to be discoverable of that enormous blunder
of the Penny Post quackery. The most easy and least
burdensome tax of all others upon the community has
been abandoned, and the amount vainly sought to he
replaced by supplementary imposts bearing upon all
classes. The rich and easy have been relieved, and, a,
in the new Poor-law, at the expense of further oppression
of the poor. Such has been altogether the course of re-
form legislation in the free trade and politico-economic
I line, whether fiscally, commercially, or politically. The
penny-post to be sure is to " improve the morals "of the
people, for which salutary end one million of annual reve-
nue, payable solely by those best able to afford the tax,
has been sacrificed.

TIMES.—The publication this morning of the perio-
dical return by the Bank of France, presenting the exact
situation of that establishment for the last three months,
has been much noticed by the men of business in the City,
who feel how much may be done towards the reform of
uur own most defective and ill-managed bank, in placing
constantly before them the example of the operation of a
system so superior in all respects. This superiority is
alike shown in the form of the return, and in the charac-
ter of the business transacted by the Bank of France. Of
what the securities of the Bank of England may con-
sist is left on the face of their periodical return wholly
a matter of conjecture, and the English public
would never have possessed any information in the matter,
had it not been wrested from them by Parliament, during
the various imperfect inquisitions which have taken place
their affairs. From these the fact is disclosed that
into 4er part of their securities are such as no prudent
the greb. ,o possess, that their means are monopolized
Bank ought . .ight " mortgages on land, in the taking
by the " dead w, ~ontrived to spoil the market of the
of which they have -wail their own power of gibing
private capitalist, and to t.. ^r time, and in the proper
proper assistance, at the prop,: lerests of the country.
manner, to the great commercial ),4
of the Bank cf
L But the 4fect of the puiodiral retitr

SPI RIT of the PUBLIC JO URNALS. ! England is far greater in the comparison with those of the
Bank of France, when it is considered that they wholly
conceal the extent of their connexion with the mercantile
interest. It would be something to know what portion of
their assets consists of bills of exchange, but eecn this is
withheld, as if the study of the Bank was not merely to
furnish the least information possible, but to furnish no in-
formation at all.
la the instance of the Bank of France all is clear, ex-
plicit, and most satisfactory. The bulk of their means
consists of bullion and bills of exchange, the former ac-
tually exceeding the amount of their note circulation ; and
Ili it public securities are, without doubt, as easy and sure
( f realization as a good bill of exchange at maturity. Not
the trace of a " deadx&ght," or of a mortgag To make
these observations more intelligible, and to save the trouble
of reference, the return of the Bank of France is here re-
printed :

Francs.
Amount of bullion on hand
Commercial bills discounted
Cash advanced on the security of bullion
Cash advanced on public securities
Capital of Branch Banks
Branch banks, debtor

Amount of reserve according to the law of 1834 10,000,00(4 00
Amount vested in public securities
Hotel and furniture of the Bank
Sundries 457,746 73

CONTRA.

478,958,557 04

Bank-notes in circulation not comprising
branch banks

Notes payable to order
Treasury account current 90,950,412 96
Sundry accounts current
Receipts payable at sight
Capital of the Bank
Reserve according to the law of 1834
Fixed reserve
Unclaimed dividends

Draughts of branch banks outstanding
Sundry accounts

478,958,557 .04
AVERAGE OF THE POSITION OF THE BANK DURING THE
LAST QUARTER.
Average amount of bullion on hand 230,182,500 00
Average amount of bills discounted .....
Average amount of advances made on the se-
.

curily of bullion
Average amount of the advances upon public

7,026,000,00

securities
Average amount of the accounts current of
the branch banks 8,783,800 00
CONTRA.

Average amount of bank-notes in circulation 227,137,500 00
Average amount of notes payable to order 1,355,500 00
Average amount of the Treasury account
current
Average of sundry accounts current 55,044,500 00
Receipts at sight 5,326,000 00
The trading interest of this country are indeed deeply
indebted to the French Government for the model thus
pre;ented of a straightforward account, and a judicious
administration of a public bank ; and if the repetition
of it does not shame our incompetent Ministry—incom-
petent generally, but utterly so on this subject—into a
reform of the Bank of England at the first occasion which
gives them also the power of doing so, then the case is
utterly and permanently hopeless.
Independently of mete management, other cir-
cumstances connected with the Bank of England
have, as it would appear from various letters re-
ceived on the subject, struck foreign merchants with
astonishment. They have seen for years past the
selection for a share in the management so badly
as well as corruptly or partially made, that
one member of the board of direction after an-
other has either failed or passed through the Gazette as
a bankrupt. In the last instance of the kind—that of Mr.
Curtis, who had been Deputy-Governor and Governor of
the Bank in succession—they have observed that a great
loss was sustained in a direct way by his failure, with other
losses, perhaps, through friends of his introduction, though
the fact must have been known to the leadi©g member,
of the moneyed interest that he was insolvent during
the whole period in which he occupied a seat in the
Bank direction. He was, besides, a Director in va-
rious other Companies, which duties, if properly per-
formed, would have left him no time for the onerous
duties of the Board in Threadneedle-street. The pre-
sent Governor of the Bank, Sir John Pelly, is Governor
of the Hudson's Bay Company and Deputy-Master of the
Trinity-house, besides other scarcely less important claims
on his time. Thus the whole is rendered utterly bad an
vicious, and can never acquire that essential quality for a
chartered bank, a perfect claim to public confidence.
Such is the apathy of Parliament on this subject, that
the merchants seem to be left to the silent operation
of the comparison with the management of the Bank of
France, from which, however, as these returns will now
t-ike place periodically, they are ❑ot unwilling to hope that
some ultimate good may arise.

MEDICAL REFORM AT CAM-

BRIDGE.

(From the Cambridge Advertiser.)
A very laudable and, we rejoice to say, a successful
effort has been made during the past week, to raise the
character of the Medical Degrees given by this Uni-
versity
Tw.sday week, a paper, of which the following is a
COcy, was circulated throughout the University :
" Christ's College Lodge, March 30, 1841.
" Proposed regulations respecting candidates for a
license ad practicandtun in Medicina, and also re-
specting candidates for the Degree of Doctor of

Physic.
"1. That candidates for a license ad practicandnos
in .14eclicina, being previously Bachelors of Physic, be
required to produce to the Regius Professor of Physic,
certificates of their having attended on hospital prac-
tice for three years, exclusive of the nine terms which
they kept by residence for the degree of Bachelor of
Physic, and of their having attended lectures on the
following subjects, namely—Practice of Physic and
Patholy ; Anatomy and Physiology ; Chemistry ; Bo-
tany ; Medical Jurisprudence ; Materia Medica and
Pharmacy ; Principles of Surgery ; Principles of Mid•
wifery ; Practical Anatomy for two seasons.
"2. That candidates for a license ad practicandunz in
Medicina, being previously Masters of Arts, be re-
quired t ) bring satisfactory evidence to the lUgius Pro-
fessor of Physic of their having been employed in the
study of physic for five years after they became Bache-
lors of Arts ; and to produce to him certificates of their
having attended on hospital practice for three of the
said fire years, and of their having attended lectures on
the subjects before mentioned.
" 3. That every candidate for a license ad practican-
dun: in Alledicina be required to pass an examination to
the satisfaction of the Regius Professor of Physic, the
Professor of Anatomy, the Downing Professor ot Me-
dicine, and a Doctor of Physic to be nominated by the
Vice-Chancellor and approved by the Senate at the first
congregation after the tenth of October in each year.
" 4. That, in case any of the three Examiners ex
officio be prevented by illness or absence from taking
part in such examination, it be competent to him to ap-
point a Doctor of Physic to examine in his stead, sub-
ject to the approbation of the Vice-Chancellor.

"5. That there be two such examinations in every
year ; one in the week immediately preceding that in
which the division of the Michaelmas Term falls ; the
other in the week immediately preceding that in which
the division of the Easter Term falls.
" 6. That the candidate for a license ad praetican-
dion in Medicina, being previously Bachelor of Physic,
shall not be examined for the said license until the exa
mination which shall occur next but one alter his having,
passed the examination required for the Degree of Ba-
chelor of Physic.
" 7. That every candidate for the degree of Doctor
of Physic, who has not previously obtained a licence ad
practicanduni in Medicina, be required to produ,:e to
the Regius Professor of Physic the same certificates
and pass the same examination as are required in the
case of candidates for a license ad practicandum
iii
Medicina.
" 8. Provided that the foregoing regulations shall
not take effect until after the end of the Easter Term,
1841 ; provided also that the seventh regulation shall
not apply to any person who was admitted ad intrandunz
in Medicina before the Lent Term, 1836.
" Notice is hereby given, that there will be a Con-
gregation on Thursday next, the Ist of April, when a
Grace will be offered to the Senate to sanction the pre-
ceding regulations and provisions.
Whereas by a Grace of the Senate, passed June 1,
1821, Bachelors of Arts, proceeding to the degree of
Bachelor of Physic, are required to attend the lectures
of the Regius Professor of Physic in the interval be-
tween their admission ad respondendum quccstioni and
their admission to the degree in physic.
" Notice is hereby given, that at the Congregation
announced for Thursday next, the Ist of April, a Grace
will be offered to the Senate to allow the attendance on
the said lectures to take place at any time during the
period of academical residence prior to the degree of
Bachelor of Physic."
On Wednesday, the subjoined circular was sent to
the resident members of the Senate
The attention of members of the Senate is requested
to a Grace which is to be proposed to the Senate to-
morrow, for confirming a list of regulations respecting
the license to practise in medicine.
" It is intended to offer opposition to this Grace,
principally on the gronnds :
" That the Senate require longer time for considering
any proposition of important character.
That at the very end of a term the opinion of the
Senate cannot be fairly pronounced upon any measure,
especially when such measure is not proposed as the re-
sult of deliberation on the part of a Syndicate appointed
by the Senate.
" If any further time were allowed, a few of the
details, which seem objectionable, might be removed ;
and the scheme so amended might be accepted as a
valuable improvement.
" Caius College, March 31."
This circular, we believe we may state, did not pro-
ceed from a member of the medical faculty. It was
promptly replied to by Doctor Haviland, the lie,jus
Professor of Physic, in the following paper
" A paper was placed in my hands on my leaving the
schools this afternoon, of which I had previously re-
ceived no intimation, announcing an intention of op-
posing certain regulations which are to be brought for-
. ward to-morrow, respecting the license to practice in
medicine, andi which it is well known I have been in-
' strumental n.submitting to the Senate,

" As no reason has been eiskned in this paper for
opposing the regulations, on the ground of their being
of themselves in any way objectionable, I trust that the
members of the Senate will, in forming their opinion, not
allow themselves to be influenced by the mere authority
of an anonymous and unavowed publication. But an
explanation is due from me to the Senate in consequence
of a charge of disrespect in not bringing these regula-
tions forward till late in the term.
" I earnestly desired and endeavoured to submit the
matter earlier in the term to the Senate, but was pre-
vented from doing so by a circumstance over which I
had no control, and for which no person is at all to be
blamed.

" I think it to be most essential that no time should
be lost at present, as I have reason to believe that a
third Medical Reform Bill is about to be brought into
the House of Commons, by which the interest of the
University, as far as regards medical degrees, will be
greatly affected, to which we shall be in a better posi-
tion for offering an effectual opposition, should the pro-
posed regulations pass the Senate. The charge of a
want of due deliberation is not deserved, inasmuch as
the substance of the proposed regulations was first
submitted to the resident Doctors of Physic for their
consideration, and was approved of by them in the
early part of the term, and then it was laid before the
Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Houses for their appro-
bation ; and lastly, the proposals in their present form
were submitted to the members of the medical faculty,
by whom they were fully and unanimously approved.
" I do not therefore feel disposed to withdraw, nor
should I in my own opinion be justified in so doing, a
proposal for a beneficial and important measure, which
has received the approbation, after a long and careful
consideration, of those most conversant with the matter.
254,849 53 " JOHN HAVILAND,
3,753,228 34 " March 31st, 4 P,lsr."

At the Congregation, on Thursday, a division took
place in the Non-Regent House, on the regulations.
They were, however, carried by 13 to 9. In the Re-
gent House, there was a division en the Grace respect-
ing the attendance on the lectures of the Regius Pro-
fessor. The Grace passed, however, by 18 against 9.

PHENOMENA OF UNANNEALED

GLASS.

(From the Liverpool Mercury.)
We have long been accustomed to regard the
phenomena which precede and attend the fracture
of unannealed glass, as some of the most remarkable
and inexplicable of all the manifold secrets of na-
ture, Many other phenomena, although curious,
might hare been predicated after mature reflection,
as they are in strict accordance with the known
laws of nature ; but we think we may confidently
assert, that no man, how skilled soever he might
be in chemistry or any other department of natural
philosophy, could have p►edicted the effect pro-
duced upon unannealed glass by the most appa-
rently insignificant and inadequate cause. If any
philosopher or chemist, for instance, had been asked
what would be the consequence of dropping a few
grains of light sand into a goblet of glass not pro-
perly annealed, he would never have guessed that
the effect would be to shiver the tumbler into atoms.
As it is possible that some of our readers may not
understand what is precisely meant by unannealed
glass, it may be proper here briefly to explain the
term :

When glass, from the melting-pot, is fashioned
into tumblers, bottles, &c., it is gradually cooled
by being removed successively from a higher to a
lower temperature, which process is termed anneal-
ing. When this gradual process is neglected, the
inost extraordinary results are found to take place.
What are called Prince Rupert's drops are an ex-
cellent and familiar illustration of the anomalous
phenomena under consideration. They are formed
simply by droppin2 a little melted glass into cold
water, when it suddenly collapses into a small pear-
shaped drop, with a slender thread-like tail or ex-
tremity. if the thick end of the drop be held in
the hand, and the small end be broken off, the whole
of the glass will fly into shivers, imparting to the
hand a smart shock, similar to that from an electri-
cal jar. What is equally singular is, that it the
Rupert's drops, instead of bring broken in the
manner described, be thrown down forcibly upon
flags, they will recoil by their elasticity, but they
will not be broken, how violently soever they be
brought into contact with the flags.

Nfe have now to notice another of the numerous
phenomena exhibited by unannealed glass, which is
not so generally known as that of the Rupert's
drops, but which is equally inexplicable. It was
communicated to us several months ago, by the
Correspondent whose note we here subjoin, with a
few comments appended to it :