The Sun.
London, England, 1823-01-31 00:00:00

'.CH E MARK ET'S.

CORN EXCHANGE, JAW. 31.
The arrivals of Corn this week are considerable ; Wheat of
fine quality meets buyers on much the same terms, as roar to
the frost other qualities are very dull ; Barley sells slowly at
last quotations ; Beans and they Peas meet with few pur.
chasers; Boiling Peas that will break well sell at rather higher
prices. • There Is a fair demand for Oats, but the rates remain
nearly as last quoted.

SMITHFIELD MARKET, :lax. 31.
There was morn a middling supply of all descriptions of Cattle
at market thising, and they were left over from last Mon-
day's market ; the prices of all kind of meat are lower.
(To sink the Offal, per stone of tilt.)
Beef 2s lid to 3s 4d I 'Veal
Mutton 2s Od to 3s 00 Pork
Lamb Os Ott to Os Od.
HAY AND STRAW, ]'ER LOAD.
Hay .1:3 Os to £4 Os I Clover £3 Gs to £4 Ss
Straw £1 8s to £1 180.

FURIOUS DRIVING.-irVORSIIIP STRIEET.--ThP
driver of one of the Edmonton Stages, No. 4775, *r p
er ad
to a summons before SA sitIEL Twvronn, Esq., fur furi-
ously driving on Thursday, the 23t1 inst. Mr. Patterson, a
gentleman of great respectability, appeared against the coach-
man, and stated that the driver of itedtbrirs coach, and the.
defendant were racing. Their horses were in full
.gallop,
ui
order to pass each other ; and to the best of his supposition, they • were driving at least at the rate of eighteen miles an hour. it • was really fiurrible to see them, and he thought it a duty to the
public to prom:cute both the coachmen fur this offence. The d--
feralant kept the right side nettle way, and did not c.ross like the •
other driver. Mr. TwYrohn convicted hint in the mitigated
penalty of tan and costs.---Mr. Patterson being entitled to a
moiety of the penalty, desired it might be given to the Mend:-
city Society, and it was given accuidingly.—The driver of ti".e
other coach did not appear, and another summons was issued
against him.

BIRTHS.
On Tuesday hat, at Axiom Bryan, in the county of Vpric,
the Lady of the Rev. J. L. Prerton, of a daughter.
On Monday, at hia house in Vigo-lane, the Ludy of Mils*
Etq.; of a daughter.

IA,ItI
On the 29th instant, atl St. (iIED•
ics's the Fiala, Mr. Joal
Shaw, of Easex-atrert, to ilits Oliver, of oower.atreet.
On NWednmday, the 29th instant, at Clapham, _lirl,„,r• 0, W.
Rolm, to Lucy, the widow of the late A• %V• "'Wier*

DIED.
On Sunday, the 28th insutnt, in the 71st year or het kg
Lucy, the wife of John 'Wolfe, Esq., of Vi oild.hull, the
county of Essex.
On the 29th instant, at Brighton, JkllTltit Weso43) Esq., of
Fenchurch.street and Upper lionterton, Aged a
On the 29th instant, sit her house, Clturch.row, Noting-wit
Butts, Sarah, relict of Thomas Wititiotn, Esq., 1004 Oigt
Stock Exchange, in the 86th year of her age.
On the 30th instant, Ann, the wife of John Wed, Zarb Part.
meta, Moottlekim, Ana lifiztoti.hkll, Surrey, aged d. ,

111 a ,LON'DON JOURNALS.

XVII V 11,0114 THE DAILY MOILNING PAFEMS,
• January 31 1%23•

[MOANING CIiItONICIA..I
We are glad fa 4nd that there is but one feel
uteri this mitropolli With respect to the liting
of France's Speech. It wus never alluded to
• yesterday in the lann-uage of contempt, and
isititgnation. The principles avowed in it ap-
,,#Sterid 8.611 more odious from the prostitution, of
,
'teligion with Which they were associated. In.
iti kiti of approaching the Deity w ith the reve.,
ir• eatial awe which his creatures ought never for-
• -.2 "lir inent to lay aside, this conceited old man
. 'gait of the God of St. Louis with an impudent fa-
, IsiiiitOty, as if he were as much at his command as
'iliedloeel of one of his Swiss regiments.lt is shock-
jog to s~eeti family,lately dependent for bread on the
"IftO4ty of the tradesmen and mechanics of this coup.
147..0 elated with an elevation to which their own
• merits never would have raised them, as to dare
to ttnioute to the Almighty a participation in their
giant* attempts against, an independent and un.
• 'offending nation, and to introduce his name into
their theatrical buffoonery. It was this prosti.
tation of religion under the old regime, this im.
• fttdent association of it with every thing wicked
,;and secular, that eradicated it from the hearts of
• the-people, and left them at the bleaking out of
the Revolution as , completely 'strangers to piety
is were the profligate Court.

[m o Nri Hot
,war which the French 'Ministry has jos
tkinotineed against Spain :will be the trial of tu
in
experiment, as interesting its process, as mo.
meutotrs in its results. The experiment is this—
Whether the restored Government-of the House
, Bourbon, still in its non.age, be able to
rid. the French nation, and the French armies,
oyer a course, the most perilous, and per.
fectly untried—a war of unlimited, Gothic Mo.
uarchy, against modern .Constitutionalism—ls
,the" French Government knowingly provoking
•:this trial of. its prowess, in the excess of its
youthful nllautry? There is certainly one
point of resemblance between it and the me-
morable equestrian feat of the young Alexander,
god folding is the expedient employed in both.
The French Ministry and its partisans do what
they can in the way of blindfolding, by sophism
or falsification. But the parallel soon breaks off.
What was gallant' y in one case, may be presump.
titan in the other—and there may prove a corre-
sponding difference of results. But supposing
that the,French Government should succeed, still
the result of the trial will be roost important—
not merely in its effect. upon Spain, hut as the
beginning of a great central counter-revolutionary
olOvement in France.

fTlin Toirs.]

tr 4 L'W Times.]
As a civil wnr exists in Spain, France has a
clear right to support the party which she thinks
has justice on its side ; and that right becomes
the more cogent, w hen the other party has evinced
intentions of the deepest injury to .France herself.
On this latter point we may observe with Vattel
(b. 3,.c. 3.), that " the right to obviate a danger
is in a compound ratio of the degree of proba-
biiity and the greatness of the oil`threatened.'
Now, not only France, but all the great Mo,
pantiles of Europe, feel their dearest interests
thireatened ; and we rosy be well assured that
1110 measures adopted by France will be in
enison with those of all her Continental Allies.
'l;he following statement of the views of the
'lrene!) Ministry comes to 11:1 from the pen of an
acute and
.judicious observer in Paris, and the
facts to which he adverts, we have strong reason
to believe, are nutheutic In case our troops,"
says he, " should enter Spain, I think it pro-
bable that they will scarcely have occasion
to:fire a shot ; for it has been finally de-
termined to furnish the Army of the Faith with
motiio, arms, ammunition, artillery, and clothing,
and-a very considerable quantity of gold has,
fur that
_purpose, been already supplied by a
great Banking-house. The French troops then,
on centering Spain, form as it were only
the liiargunrd of the Spanish Royalist Army, to
reinforce and support it in case of need so that
probably confine ourselves almost en-
tlri to the taking of positions. You may ex-
pect, in a short time, the appearance of a Declare,
lion by The Four Great Continental Powers, re-
cognising the Regency us the true Government
of Spain, accrediting to it their Ambassadors,
and-formally binding themselves to make neither
pacification nor treaty without stipulating that
the'l.ooote which may he made to the Regency
4411'be`guaranteed as made to Spain, whatever
marbe•the event of the War. It is added, that
• a -speaal authorisation will be given by all the
• Four rOwers to their respective Agents to ratify
the'titeirss. made and to be made to the Regency."

tut little more remains to us to-day than to
gleitp after a dikunalliarvest. We justly
tldjletterday the feelings which the King
sif France's Speech would excite, though the
1;0)14: indignation almost exceeded our con-
ception. Wherever the speech was read, a
burst of absolute horror folio wed ; awl the jottice
'of the Spanish catike ViRS acknowledged on the
Stopk—E4echange‘ by throe cheers—a vain ex.
pression of sentiment, perhaps, hat yet, as
cutriintl, from men the' great body et whim are
likely to be injuriously affected by the cow.
mencement of the war, an' indication :of ho.
inane and disinterested sympathy. The Kin of
France and other 'Princes ol his house have bhad
een
long resilient un England they ;isnot
many opportunities, therefore, of observing the
friiteprodu6p4 upon the public mind hero by time
e
viirifOs atrocities of the-Tyrant who then occu.
piid the throne' of France ; but let them pore
theinvetvrs, ttiti, never,- never did any e
stro unguity,
of
littoriaparto% bowever biteiti, excitngr
disgust, or call forth bitterer execrations

throughout the British nation, than this speech'
of the legitimate Louis. It is not that certain
acts of the illegitimate Tyrant might be as bad,
though none were worse ; but then the country
had a right to expect better things from a fa-
mily so long proved in the furnace of adversity ;
or if there are those from whom it is vain to ex.
pect virtue, and liberality, and humanity, still
the experience of a long life should have taught
caution in the disclosure of sentiments fraught
with pride, insolence, and cruelty. The saga-
city in foreseeing that the deliberations of the
Court of France would end in war,is now boasted
by those who supposed they possessed it : it was
A sagacity in
_foreseeing that which Louis him-
self did not know or decide upon till within
eight-and.forty hours of the time when he made
his detestable speech. The' age in which we live
is said to be wise, enlightened, knowing. In
what age, then, do . those live, or for what age
and what regions were they formed, who could
gravely tell the world that the gallant Spaniards,
after fighting successfully for their liberties
against the master of Europe, during eight years.
and that whilst their tniserable King and hii
whole family were dreaming out their wretched
lives in confinement—that those Spaniards, we
say, " can only hold their political institutions"
from the hands of Ferdinand Vll.—that 44 he
" alone can give his subjects fit institutions
All that we can say is, that if one revolution has
not been able to eradicate sttch sentiments from
the hearts of the hoary bigot Bourbons, we hop''
another will.

[MORNING
.POST.]
The Paris Journals of Tuesday evening, wide
arrived last night by Express,- add but little to
the information which we had previously received.
It.is determined that the great political outrage
shall be: committed, but the men who are ttn.4
principled enough to give it their sanction, seerrl
to tremitle RI. the moment of consummating 09
act : which. they know. will cover them. witli
infamy, and which we trust: will terminate id
their discomfiture and ruin. Although pass;
ports had , been sent to the . Duke. of San ,bo4
renzol, Co declaration of war was expected
to be Immediately issued. Hypocrisy was to
be added to injustice ; and it was hoped that
by provoking Spain beyond the power,of indivi;
dual and national bearing, the first blow wetild
be struck by that con y, and would afford
an excuse for its immediate invasion. We also
think it probable that Spain will strike the first
open blow, in return for those which France has
secretly, hut too successfully, aimed for, the
last eighteen months, at her peace and indepen&
ence. But we hope that whatever Spain does
will be done quickly and with power.. Let het
open all her mountain passes to the foe, and
when once he has ventured beyond them, let het
close them in his rear, trust to her Guerillas to
find him graves, and send her armies into_the
plains of France, where a. magic name tend it
standard, rendered dearer by its banishinenr, will
' collect'. hosts of friends around. them, and, renew
the Wenders: of the march from. Elba. Assail/44
as 'Spain: lit
,in her, constitutional. extsteumand
national : itdopendence, for the avoroed anti
egutietical purposes of preserving, not the Throne
but the despotism of a Bourbon, she has a HO,
to.use every moral as Well as, physical weapon,
with which the situation, folly, or misrule of her
enemy, may arm her. And when we see a Bourbon
emulating towards her the villany of a Bonaparte,
we cannst help hoping that he may share the fate
• of his predecessor in aggression and injustice.
, .

[BRITISH PRESS,'
The question of peace or war must be a very
serious question with France. We have medi.
tated on the very strong, and almost decisive,
leaning towards war manifested in the King's
Speech ; but, notwithstanding the trumpet
sounded, we cannot easily persuade ourselves
that the sword will be unsheathed. Ft is so
glaringly contrary to the interest of France to
combine with the Allied Sovereigns, that whatever
the bias of the Ultras may be towardsambitious
periments, we can hardly bring ourselves to believe
that they are either weak enough or rash enough to
risk their own fate and that of the nation upon
the havard of the die. Nor can we readily
suppose that the King of France would, if
left to himself, he induced to pursue a line
of policy so obviously hostile to every dictate
of prudence. And Set we do not see, after
having gone so far, how he is to recede. We
ought not, however, in common justice, to
score up this result to his temerity or to
his imbecility. lie is a well-disposed, corpu-
lent,
.contented Monarch ; a pliant tool in the
hands of a selfish, wrong.headed, and desperate
faction. His fatuity is no doubt to be pitied ;
but of guilty design or deliberate bad intention
we feel inclined, in candour, to acquit him. We
should not be forward in any case to visit upon a
Sovereign the sins of an ascendent party, who, to
effect their own views, would bring him, as
his
present advisers would do, to the scaffold, if the
Almighty, in his mercy, does not shelter him in
the grave. Great allowance ought to be made for
`one who, with the' name, title, and insignia of a
Monarch, is not his ewn master. It is somewhat
remarkable that the warlike, note of preparation
is sounded towards the end of the Speech, in.
stead of taking precedence, as, from its importance
it ought, of all other itiformation or allusion con-
tained in it. That a hundred thousand French.
Men are ready to march, invoking the God of St.
Louis, i 3 a &cm:lst:met. of leading import. That
a King has re solved_ been compelled
to concur with the party who have resolved—to
Hilt the ruin of his Kingdom and the downfal of
his Throne, is not that kind of intelligence which
should be thrown almost into parenthesis, at the
close of an address to his Parliament. Tiffs first
great step towards the Revolutions of Empires in
Europe ought, we thiraL, to have been anuounced
with a gravity suited to Its dreadful and porters.
tour conseqtiences.

following extract from the Boston Gatcltc
exhibits 4nothe-r instance of the deereaie of Otto et-41 The
Sessions at LincOln, on January la, i.veiyur, notiee,
in coniegtience'of receiving' toport'of ratty lithinbas 'being
transacted Arki ii is'our stbrreeable office to state, that the late
seasiant fof the eitrof Lincoln were matain ' there no
offence, indiceturtrcorlausintla a any kind whatever to bring
begaretlis Court.'

POLICE OF THE METROPOLIS.

. .
The following interesting Report has been
printed, and we hasten to lay it before our
Readers : ,
The SELECT COMMITTEE appOilltOd to inquire into the State
of the Police of the Metropolis, and to report the same, with
their Observations thereupon, to the House (of Commons);
together with the Minutes of Evidence taken before them :.--
Have, pursuant to the Order of the House, inquired into the
matter to them referred, and agreed to the following Report :
The subjects connected with the general Police of the Me-
tropolis,
which occupied the particular attention of the Com-
mittees that were appointed in the years 1816, 1817, and 1818,
are the following : • .
The system of Licensing Public-houses in the Metropolis.
The consideration of the system of Parliamentary Rewards
on the Conviction of Offenders.
The Establishment of the Penitentiary Prisons..
The Extent and Effects of Female Prostitution.
The Condition of the Prisons of Tothill-fields, Clerkenwell,
and the Coldbath-fields House of Correction. And
The State and Expenditure of the different Police Establish-
ments of the Metropolis.
The extent of these inquiries, and the ample information on
the subjects to which they refer, contained in the printed evi-
dence and thedocuments appended to the Reports, have confined
the duties to be discharged by your Committee within compa-
ratively narrow bounds. They have, hoWever, directed their
attention to the several establishments in the Metropolis formed
for the maintenance of the public pettee, and the prevention
and detection of crime, and they have thought it desirable to
present to the House, in one Report, a general view of these
establishments.
They may be classed under the following heads :-
1. Ihe Police of the City of London.
‘2. The nightly Watch and the Police of the City of West-
minster, and of the several Parishes which constitute the re-
minder of the Metropolis within the bills of mortality.
3. The Police establishment at Bow-street, and (under the
immediate superintendance of the Chief Magistrate at that
place) the Foot Patrole, and the Horse, Patrole mounted and
dismounted.
4. The Police Establishments at Marlborough4treet, Hatton-
garden,- Worship-stfeet, Whitechapel, High-streat, Maryle.:
bone, Queen-square, Union-hall, Thames Police.
The Police of the City of London consists of the general
police for the City, subject to the immediate superintend-
ence of the Lord Mayor.and Aldermen, and paid by the Cham-
ber
of London ; and the police of each separate ward, under the
immediate controul of the Alderman, Deputy, and Common
Council of the respective wards, and paid by a rate upon each

ward.
There are two offices for the purposes of police in the City oi
London ; and an arrangement has been made, for the conve.,
nience of the Magistrates, by which the City has been divided
into two districts. All cases which occur to the eastward of
King-street are taken to the. Lord .Mayor at the Mansion-
House, and all cases to the westward to the Sitting Alderman
at Guildhall. The Lord Mayor always .presides in his own
court, and the Aldermen take it in rotation to preside at
Guildhall. The officers appointed to conduct the business of
the Police under the Lord Mayor and Aldermen are—Marshal,
upper and under, Marshalinen, Day Patrole, Night Patrole,
Smithfield Patrole.
The business of the Upper and Under Marshal is to attend
the Lord Mayor oh all public occasions;_ to attend all Courts of
Aldermen and Common Council, also the Sessionaat the Old
Bailey ; and to superintend the general directiou of the Police
of the City.
They are appointed by the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, ant
the Court of Common Council. The yearly salary of , the Upa
per Marshal is 6001. per annum, of the Under 4601. per an-
num ; and the amount of other emoluments is uncertain.
The business .of the Slershalmen is similar to that of the
Marshals, but they are solely under their directione, and serve
the summonses and warrants issued from the offices.
They have a salary of 1301; per annutike and are appointed
by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Court of Common
The Day Patrole are appointed by the Lord Mayor. Their
pay, with some Wall emoluments incident to the appointment,
average 11. IN. per week.'
Their duties are mintrle the streets from o'clock in the
morning until the evening ; to apprehend all thievee,
rogues, and vagrants, and Witt generally undo the orders given
by the Magistrates. A portion of the day patrole is appto ointed
patrole the City. on Sundays and receive extra pay.
The night Patrole are appointed by the Lord lilayor ; they
are paid 11. I Is. fid. per week ; and patrole the streets from
in the evening, until in the morning. They visit each
watch-house in that peried, and report to the Marhals.the
conduct of any constable, and the state of the public-hours;
they are relieved by the day Parole.
'the Smithfield Patrole are appointed by the Lord Mayor ;
are allowed IN. a-week, end their only duty is to attend at
Smithfield on Mondays and Fridays during the time of the
market ; they are eight in number.
Besides this Police, which from the nature of its establish,
ment is not confined in its operation, but is calculated to super;
police of the City, each ward appoints a cer.
itnaitnendnitliiine gbeernoieral
beadles,
watchmen, patrole, constables, and
street-keepers, who are paid by a rate levied upon the
inhabi-
tants of the ward, and are appointed to patrole the streets, and
to fulfil the duties of a nightly watch within their respective
wards.
The number of' these officers varies according to the size of
the different wards, and the mute catablishmeut is not uni,
formly kept up in all ; but as the same principle prevails, with
very little exception, they may be
,classed in the following
manner :—the beadle, the constables, the patrole, the watchmen,
the watch-house-keeper, and the street-keeper.
The beadle is an officer annually' elected by the inhabitants
of each Ward, with a salary varying from 50/. to 9W. a year
according to the extent of his duties ; whose business it is
to set the nightly watch, to collect the watch rate, to attend
the Alderman, Deputy, and Common Council upon all Ward
business and to superintend the constable of the night and
the watch.
The constables are elected in rotation from the inhabitants of
the Ward, who sometimes serve in person, but generally pro-
vide substitutes . which substitutes must, however, be ap-
proved of by the Alderman or the Deputy and Common Coun-
cil, and who receive for their services a sum varying front
8/, to 151.
The constable must attend during the whole night at the.
watch-house, and the whole body is under the orders of the
City Marshals on any particular occasion. They serve without
salary but when called out on any particular occasion, receive
3s, per day.
In most of the Wards a patrole is established, varying in
number, whose duty it is to patrole the Ward from four or
five in the afternoon until the watch is set. In some Wards
the patrole are continued through the whole night, raid acts
as a check upon the watch. The salary varies according to the
duty performed by them.
The watchmen are appointed by the Alderman and Com-
mon Council of the ward, on producing a certificate of good
Character signed by two respectable housekeepers ; the regu-
lation as to age is conformable to the Act of last year, and care
is taken to employ none but able bodied men. Their pay, as
well is the number of hours they remain on watch, vary accord-
ing to the season of the year. The time of attendance is
greater in winter than in summer, and the pay is augmented
proportionally. As in most of the Wards watehboxes are not
allowed, the men must be constantly on the alert, and are re-
lieved in succession at certain periods of the night.
The Watchhouse-keeper is a person employed in some
Wards to keep the watch-house clean and in good order, and is
occasionally employed as a constable.
Besides 'the regular watchmen, there are in some wards an
extra number itho attend every night to supply the place of
any regular. watchman who may be ill or unable to attend ;
these men, if employed, receive the regular pay ; if not wanted,
receive three-pence, end are dismiesM.
Almost every ward has a street.keeper, who attends from
eight in the morning until the patrol conies on duty, and whose
peculiar business is to remove any nuisances front, and to pre-
vent any impedineeme in the streets front carts or coaches.

. .
Under the head of the Police of the City of Westminster, it
-appears to your Committee that the same, gradations and sub.
ordination of the different .officers of police, and the Atone sub-
division of districts; do not prevail. and consequentirthat there
is not that unity of action upon which themaintenanee Of pub-
lic order so much depends ; it was attempted to he introduced
' in the different Acts for the regulation of the .police, but owing
to the clty.ofWestminster never having been incorporated, the
treats of
efficiency and controul tbroughout this
greet district is t
Nave failed. There is however at present, a general
police under the superintendence a the Dean sod nigh Steward
of Westminster; and a parochial police itOntained by the dif. I
ferent parishes within the liberties of Westutini,ter. By the 27th
of Eli:., Confirmed by the 29th Geo. 111. e. 25, the city of West.
Minster is divided into twelve wards; and the Dean or High
Steward nominates annually, on Thursday in Baster week,
twerve.persons; being.merchitnts, artificers, or persons tarrying
on a trade within- the city, .to be . Burgesses. Every •• person
chosen as a Btrilcss is obliged to serve, under a penalty of 10/.
and takes upon bitnaelf the government ora Ward. After his
first election, he is regularly nominated from year to year, and is
' not removable unless for misconduct The Dean or High Steer.

ard, with the assistance of these Burgesses, choose twelve other
persons, who are called Assistant Burgesses, and form the Court
called the Court of Burgesses. The Act gives them the power
of acting as • Magistrates within the city and liberties ; but,
since the establishment of the police-offices in 1792, that power
has fallen into disuse, and they exercise no magisterial function
at present, except in the regulation of weights and measures,
and removing nuisances and annoyances. By the same Act,
the Dean or High Steward is empowered to issue his precept to
the High Bailiff to summons a court leet annually. That court
returns the names of 160 trades people of the city to the court
of burgesses, and the court of burgesses out of that number,
choose 130 to act as constables. All persons carrying on trade
are liable to be called upon to perform this duty, except
victuallers. It appears that most of the persons so nominated
serve the office by. deputy ; but this permission is only granted
upon the most satisfactory excuse being made by the principal,
and all deputies are reported to and must be approved of by the
court of burgesses. It does net appear exactly what sum is
given to induce a person to serve as a deputy, but it is stated to
be between 6 and 6 pounds.
The constables are liable to be called out upon all-public oc-
casions ; they attend constantly at the House of Commons
during the sitting of Parliament; they attend also during the
elections for the city of Westminster: since the establishment
of the Police Offices, they are not employed in the detection of
offenders against the law ; they receive no salary from the
Dean and Chapter of Westminster ; but when employed on
any public occasion, such as attending the King on the open-
ing of Parliament, or attending at a drawing-room or levee,
they receive, from the Board of Green Cloth a gratuity some-
times at the rate of 65., and sometimes at the rate of 2s. 6AL
a-day. They also receive an annual gratuity of six guineas
from the Speaker of the Noose of Commons. The Dean and
Chapter have no contralti over the parochial police and nightly
watch.
With respect to the parochial polic.e of the City and Liter.',
ties of Westminster, the same kind of establishment appears
to prevail in almost every parish, varying of course according
to the extent and population of the district. The establishment
consists generally of beadles, constables, headboroughs, street.
keepers, and watchmen.
The general duty of the beadle is to set the watch to attend
the watch-house on certain nights in the week, to remove nui-
sances, to take vagrants up, to attend the parish officers, and
perform the parish duties. The number of beadles vary ; in
some parishes there is only one, and in others two. The salary
uncertain, and the mode of appointment rests sometimes among
the inhabitants in vestry assembled, and sometimes among
trustees under local Acts, particularly the 14th Geo. 111.
' The Constables and. Headborougha are chosen by the inha-
bitants in vestry, or at a court leet ; they receive no salary ; and
their duty is to assist the beadle in all parish matters, and to
take their turn in attending the watch-house during the night,
The business of the Street-keeper is. to patrols the streets
during the clay, for the purpose of removing nuisances.
The nightly watch is regulated by the 14 Geo. 111. c. 90,
which extends to the City and Liberties of Westminster, and
other parishes therein named. In the parishes not named,
local acts have been passed for that purpose, varying according
to the exigencies of the districts.
The above-mentioned statute prescribes with great detail the
duties, numbers, and rate of wages of the persons to be em-
ployed as watchmen in each parish and no alteration in the
prescribed regulations has taken place, except in the power
given to the Police Magistrates by an Act of last Session to
displace or suspend a watchman in case of misconduct, and a
disqualification of any person to act as watchman who is above
he age of 40.

The Establishments of the Public Offices is as follows :
At Bow-street there are 3 Magistrates, 3 Clerks, and 8
Officers.
At the Offices in Queen-square, natton-garden, White-
chapel, Worship-atreet, and Mary-le-Bone, 3 Magistrates, 2
Clerks, and 0 Officers each-
:At•Oreat'Marlhorough-streat and Union-hall Office, 3 Ma-
gviesdy.ttrotanitlte:ieslT:ahnsune,liercoeskantysliElbile-oe:filee,-ac3ra/tl. agistrates, 2 Clerks, 17 silt
dittonal establiehment of
Connected with the Office it Bow-street. constables, with ad.
d
eta
above Bridge
and
at
Blackwell.
lt
3rl4l7"44andna. 21:awe:Let:I;
u
perintendence of the Chief 'Magistrate of that Office, are the
horse patrole, mounted and dismounted, and the foot patrole. •
'The horse patrole wasoriginally established in the year 1806;
in consequence of the frequency of highway robberies. The
patrolet were stationed on die great roads leading to and within
twenty nines of the metropolis t and the immaJate environs;
within the dietance of four or five miles were patrolled by the
fOot patrole.
In 1821, the alarming inereasie of street robberies within the
Metropolis, and the consequent necessity of confining the exer-
tions of the foot patrole within narrower limits, led to a consi-
derable And beneficial change in the establishment of the horse
and foot patrole. The horse patrole still continued the per.
formance of the duties ori&inally assigned to them on the prin.
cipal roads ; but an establishment of dismounted patrole was
connected with them, on whom the charge of patrolling the
environs of London was devolved. Tha foot patrole, by whom
that duty had been previously executed, being confined to the
streets of the Metropolis.
In all appointments made in the first instance to the situation
of dismounted patrole, the individual appointed is required to
be under 40 years of age, and to, have served with credit in a
cavalry regiment. The dismounted men supply the vacancies
as they occur in the horse parole.
These establishments are under the immediate superintend-
ence of Mr. Day, the conductor, to whom a salary of 1001. is
allotted.
The Bow-street Foot Patrole is under the superintendence
of the Chief Magistrate at Bow-street, Sir Richard Birnie, Re-
sisted by Mr. Stafford, the Inspector. The Metropolis, exclu-
sive of the City of London, is divided into sixteen districts;
and a party of five patrole, one of whom commands the other
four, is allotted to each district. There is also one unattached
party, disposable for any casual service.
The duration of duty required from the party is regulated by
circumstances, and by the period of the year.

Your Committee have now given a general outline of the
several establishments of all descriptions, connected with the
police of the Metropolis.
The system is open to one obvious objection, that the parts
of which it is composed are disunited, and under the controul
of different anti unconnected authorities.
In the City of London is an exclusive jurisdiction, and a
separate Police Establishment. In the other parts of the Me-
tropolis, for the greater part of the night, the charge of main-
taining the public peace is intrusted to the watchmen appointed
by the respective parishes, and holding little or no communica-
tion, except in the case of actual breaches of the peace of the
district within which they are situated.
• If a new system a police were to be constructed ab initio for
the regulation of a great city, such defects would no doubt be
remedied ; but your Committee have the satisfaction of think-
ing, that, constituted as the present system is, the obstruction
to public justice, and to the maintenance of the peace, exists
practically in a much lteis degree than might have been appre-
hended, and certainly not to that degree which would warrant
them in recommending any fundamental change in it.
A controul over the nightly watch to a limited extent was
given to the Magistrates by the clause in the Police Act of last
Session, before referred to, which enables two Justices of the
Peace to suspend, or absolutely dismiss, tiny watchman, as they
may think proper, who shall be found incompetent for the dis-
charge of his duties, or guilty of negligence or misconduct ;
and your Committee having, ample testimony in behalf of its
salutary effects, strongly recommend that this power should be
,continued.

It appears to them, that much benefit would result from
communication between the police offices and the vestries of the
parishes within their ?especttve districts, on the subject of the
nightly watch generally ; as your Committee cannot doubt
that the vestries would be disposed to consider favourably any
suggestion for increasing the efficiency of an establishment so
essential to the protection of persons and property, in all eases
wherein there might be ground for complaining of general
negligence or insuthmency. -
Your Committee are so strongly impressedWitha conviction
of the advantages which have resulted from the establishinent
of the horse and dismounted, patrole, and the increase of' the
Bow-street font patrole, that they earnestly recommend the fur.
titer extension* of the principle on which they are founded, and
Am a n lication of a system of patrole by day to those parts of
the opolis which offer the greatest temptation or facility to
the tolimission of crime.
They are satisfied that no check so effectual can be devised
upon the evil designs of those who gain their livelihood by ha.
baud plunder, as,an impression that they ate under the vigil.
ant inspection of person* who are acquainted with their persons
and characters, and are at hand to defeat their purposes, or to
assist in their apprehension.
Your Committee consider that the chief recommendation of a
patrole consists in its tendency to harrasts and banish the
offender, by a persevering and annoving scrutiny, anti thus to
pmvent the couttnission of crime. They consider a day-nalrole
advisable, because robbery from the person is probably more
frequent by day than at any other time and because it is by
day that many of the robberies intendeeto be committed-by
night are concerted, that premise* are surveyed, and fiteilides
of approach and attack ascertained.
They propose to make the experiment on a limited stale in
the first instance ; because, if successful en. that Kale, it can

veryevery exn easlpeyb:e which it
is an
They doubt, however considering the great expesimtel
which Is required in providing the means of punishrnfet (111114
exndotbcause necessary theyto
incur. Fe anxiout to avoill
i.
offenders, who do not incur the extreme severky of .the
whether an effective police, employed in the prdendon ofd'
would not be an establishment consistent with the s
..
economy, as well as with the soundest policy. aced ivith '
The day patrole ought, in their opinion, to be coin% .
the present nt witrole, and aced under the setae aunrt
tendence. Mostih
of the Police Magistrates who have been ea..
;trained, have recommended an increase to the number of eet
stables at present studied to the police offices its
and
office should undertake the. duty of patrollingP.
'sent
own d'
But as a night patrole for the streets of the Metropolistset '
sent established, the Committee think that by on ? neetell, ..
it the proposed day patrole, the arrangement will be VlM..ii
nornically made ; and that concert and co-operation, I,!_,
so pe.cuharly desirable to maintain, will be best aecutlat ,-
Your Committee are of opinion, however, in order_
several offices of Police may have full infonnadoe
,„._144.
passes within their respective districts, that there Outfitt wi" --
full and unreserved communication on ever .ma . 1
stance between the Magistrates and the °thous iin' . c
• superintendence the patrole is placed ; and Pertim4 Salt'
each case in which an application to magisterial au i ....,----7--t.
be necessary on the part of the patrole, it ought to= . . '..., - ,
the office within the district in which the case may have;' 'l' _,,,
Your Committee consider that the experiment
,I,
_,,;,,,d-,,
Pnr°otPecrnexcelliaediYn , , : i.
~ 41;
the al* 44'
After a full inquiry into and consideration of „ ,
several Police offices, your Committee arenot d
any important changes in their establishments. . - 0,.1 11 ,C:
gbemonlar,poenr
aansnuullinciiet. sufficiently extenaivesesle
Thoy recommend that the residence of the Martft 1'.4---'
their respective districts, or at least within a conveplz.eil- • - . ..
from the office, should, as far as possible, be event
ofd
..••
purpose of insuring regular attendance at the 0T,R,94"-- t.
means of constant access on the part of the inhabit/4f
for the purpose of enabling each Magistrate totte4l '
knowledge with respect to the district to which lee • I''
which it is so dateable that he shou!'" • ,014','
resident at a distance, he cannot amp
Although the pay of the police corn
which the officers of the same descript
receive, yet as it has been very recent
guinea to 255. per week, and as a pow
tary of State by the Act of last Sessit
dinary diligence or exertion of any of .
mittee do not think it necessary to pry
fixed salary.
It might, however, be expedient'
State the authority to. sanction an i
officer who may be severely wounded
duty, and to grant a retiring kilowatt(
may be completely disabled by bodi,
be worn out by.the length of service.
They think that it would be advi,
office one head-constable, at a salary
with no emoluments whatever fror
officer to be selected from the most ,
employed ; and all vacancies to be
tions in future. ' - • - '
The prospect of sueceetfrng to a
nature, on account of meth., wolf,
not only to exertion under casual
stances, but to that uniform vigilant
ing the commission of crime, whir'
tications, and ought to be the stroi
subordinate instruments of police.
Your Committee' propose that
superintend the conduct and env
stables, and should make a daily .
the district to which lie belongs, of
peace officer has been employed.
There is reason to apprehend, '
who are not in immediate attend.
in executing its current or ordini
employed than they might be. ,
not sufficient to constitute an effe
to which they belong; hut there
should 'not aid, so far as it is in tht
for "which'it is /proposed to establit
It is occasionally the practice to
cess front 1.40n,d0n, on the requisi'
cases'whereire Offences of more ti
city have been votnroitted in the
exertions, for, the detection Of the
their experience and dexterity.
Your (2:onniiitteehelleve that Inv
frequently result from this stop)
, they think thatmshow CUM w'C
with the police of London, the
local district assigned to it, shoui
of detaching those officer* Into the
Your Committee have learnt
Report of 1818, no Solicitor has ,
police offices ; and there at presen
which the clerks in the police offs,
and they repeat the recommen,"
that this practise should be who.
Various suggestions have bee)
the repression of particular a'k
detection of crimes ; but thee
they could be advantageously .
in which precise enactments or
not be evaded, without giving
that wide latitude of discretion,
recommend.
It is difficult to .reconcile an
that perfect freedom of action
tence, which-are the great pri‘
in this country ; and your Comi
or curtailment of such advent
crifice for improvements in Poi
crime, however desirable in th/
dered.

Two other points have been p
Committee, upon which they di.
observations:-These are, the
vicinity; anti the practice of hue
itpetition of the inhabitants of
to your Committee.
With regard to the first, you;
of the Fairs are lawfully held
.that these, though legally cot.
'protracted beyond their legitim:
of the Fairs' they understand
without any lawful right whal
It appears to your Committt
held require, in so populous a
bourhood of the metropolis, to
so that the business and the
transacted and enjoyed there
rate into scenes of vice and di
They therefore propose to
business and amusement at
in the evening, and not be o;
andthat the keepers of all sty
sorting thither, unless they
log of a peace officer, shall be
carried before a Magistrate, st
viction, W a small fine, and
non-payment.
The reFular course of proceeds
illegal fair, is by a writ of
King's Bench ; but this is
little adapted to the present.
Your Committee therefei
given to any two 31agistrate;
fair entirely illegal, or coati
summon the owner or occult:
to appear at a Petty Session
snit shew his title to hold su;
period (as the case may be);
Magistrates preeent at the P:
to declare such fair either alb
beyond a specified period ;
tion shall for certain ni
ed, by being affixed on tht
diate neighbourhood of th
be made to hold the Fair
Magistrates, any Dlagietrat
rant requiring, the. peace „-
to the ground for the pure
custody all persons concerti-
fore a Magistrate, who Mt
the former case
Your Commitkee, hose''
Petty Sessions the power
of property; and. they thereff
owner or occupier of the
Petty Sessions, shall not
but shall he disposed to
Bench, he shill be at libi
abide the decision of that
snit if he shall be ultimati
case the Justices shalleo;
of the illegality of the fel
decided by the Court.
On the subject of bon'.
that the poetic* will
(which is. now only Ws.)
54 for a second offence.

tevoip
Printed and Published for the Pl.
l CO
°tlllCe No. 112, rtl,nil, 14 J

..4
ald posseest #7l*.wr7‘;" =
'titre. •.„,.. •, '
astables Is not
ption in the US -
:may aure.: , '
. -..`, '
)wer was give to
aion to retiaidtbe $
f the consusblea
Pro Pose sql 104 -r • .'
to give to the
,
•
additional. Lorne* ir,
ed in the pea
stet in dosesivh
...„' • s
day Injury. railway,
vantageous•tiatiet
ry of threeeguin.,_;•., .k'
uss any other www",,, r''' •
desgylog of 0047 -'
up hi be filled ~,,,,, P•
respectable sir:t 04
thl .aonsos, a .......t
a and eurao ',Fe ~
trice and actiell. 4.. .„'
ich constitute the 'Y'
ingest
; i,..
t this °Meet au' , '
iployment of
..... '
r report to Oaf f
of the manlier Pi ,„ . i
that at presentld:l4
Lance at the (meet
mary.business, art t•I ' ....:
Their numbers 474
reCtiVe pa
trOle
4
e can be no
:heir power, the -* ..1,„ .•
ish such imoll
to detach
,
iition of privato, 'F'4 . 4,
than usual 1,. A OP
he country, lOLA hp
s perpetrators pry ,
'aleti tittle
important ser,n.vateigii.
plo yment oft f,
which are entirAT
°ffice ili. Bow:stret
lots
uld alone exercizadics.
the country.-.., .)".' :
with satialactioni, "•1
esfooltit
is been appointed a 0
resent few if say .
dices are employed, ~."
;dation of a fon 4...,, - ,'''
oily discontinued;
en offered to you ' -4't
Asuses, and fall ,I,^e ,..,'
:Dt:rlrt
a,gree f
rg e
swa aenir i thosei
te particularadopted,
liwveuweee s::
11 your
tot 'lr*
4. 7 . i . i
01' 1 •
se. • 1
ii. i
ii° ‘ . I,
oi' , 17:,
ivileges and histas
mmittee think U.'"
011ee, Or fitelliWr '. •
hetnselvei, if 'AO" ,t ~,4 '
A,. .4
presented to the pt)
deem it necesserY ,
e Fairs held in
unting bullocktkr..'.
f Bethnal-green h'',
at Committee apP
by charter ar ._
mirnenced,.ge ii, ,
mate duration. .."je.i.-
to be of modern or,},!;-,
stever. ,ikir) ,
tee, that the faiel,r . ^
a district as die irtl " rt
o be placed under
flooli
e innocent aOlO- 'ow 1'-
e during the thlt
iebanchery daringime
provide by itilr,o
auch fairs OW PI.
fiti
,ocild°daUCPillitietai'endt4nPtbSietiSlll:hieenligleOlgtielietrbe'bffli:rbaTrengtpthf::r'bill°ellles:l:'roil:#oi` 1
f Quo Orarrasto _„eeei
a tedious and Or
~)
. oacasian. ~,..„ $ ff4tti
)TE prOpoo. that 111 V
es, who shall hal, , 0
tinned beyond its, i., ~,
pier of the grounPt; 11l
n of the INI agi4taicc 0;40
uch iltir, or to of
and if the parqn: to
Potty Sestionsi Y`trg
together iliegili,L. 01
.4,
and if, after r!(!°,:`,"041, •
umber of doll 'lo I
'sit 041101*. ' ,
le pan ,4 ,
he Fair gliwn.,l,- . 1
r contrary to
~,,,,'w", t
Ae shalt be 00'4.4 'VI'
otticcr to relocl7,l I'
f ;be r a', ..k.k.
rposes 0 040 ',,,r- ,
.neti therein,. Jt_,, ,
say i-onviet Ow'
4
:e", are not P _
of detertniltipif 1
erefore RIDPOI.IV,,;, , t
he ground, li7tts . s
_..........etetf
satisfy the ~.a io
0 iitigate it' 1n_.:1,6,
betty toonter, _Prii,,
t Court, and 11: x. ,
tell faund,in Ili' c
CA prOCCeit tO
.toot
air until tile ill'
)1, icaL
lllock-Ituntirigt" i,.
abah/Y bo_,tl(PPill.r`
.) is inCre* j
- , r