The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-30 00:00:00

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have been brought forward for undertakings and specu-
ations in the-country? All our railways, it is true,
absorb a largeamouct of our individual means, but they
do not send our money to supply foreigners; and it -is
doubted' whether, had it not been for our railways, spe-
aulationa abroad would not have deprived us of that
deposit we can now ~pare. All money matters
in the aggregate, between nation and nation, are,. er
rather should be, a eubjeet of deep interest and consi-
deration. There are unfortunately few who understand
its viral importance; but one thing is certain, that an
incredible amount is lost annually by us as a nation,
brought about by our exchange with foreigners, and con-
sequent on a fallacious arrangement of tl.e standard of
' value and eireelatiag medium of this c mntry, and the
sooner the evil is root( d up the better for our prosperity.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE PARIS AND ST. GERMAN
ATMOSPHERICA few days ago expesimoents wsre made
oa this lice between the stations-at the weed of Vesinet,
and the park of the Chateau, in the ereserce of several
members of the Legislature, engineers, and ethers lute-
rested in the atm& nherie system.. 'A train, containing e.
• -1
the sisitorte left the Paris station, ll St. Lazare, at as
quarter pasteleven o'clock, and arrived at the Vesinet
at 40 minutes past. The signal to set in motion the sta-
tionary engine,at St. GermAin, was sent by the electric
telegraph laid down under the direction of M. Biegtiet. ---
A vacuum of 32:centiatedwa 'Will 'then effected in two SO seconds; atidi:Uaio:cimaposed of five carri-
ages, besides that containing, the piston; started off at full
speed. The ascent to ht. Germein was accomplished, ig
_fear minutes, the
_average speed being therefore 33 idle-
metres per hour. The vacuum Increased' during 'that
-tithe fieafri-SO•eentinietree to '43 centimetres. Five other
trains succeeively ran 'it inte rvalea threteqiiartees of an
lienr, the number :of eerriaeos-beifig increased every time
entilit,teached eleven; exclusive of the piston 'carriage.
Every time the results- more and Morefavotirablg
'fbe lest train, tha heaviest of • all, and -the, weight of
which was 54 tons, performed the ascent in no more than
four minutes,- under the influence of a vacuum varyink
from 32 to 65 centimeteea Tile vnetitli-ii 'Ol-32 • cacti-
metres was always pbtained
:in - two enainutes and'a halt,
with but one machine. The four pneumatic -eylindere
were,woilied:for only twollninutes, and that.polely. whey
train began tdaSeend th•e- gradients of' 32 and 35 mile
timetres,a which terminate the line. Trains of nine or
temcarriages ascended in three minutes-and a half, mad,*
the influeace of a vacuum, varying- betwei n .35 and 50,
and even "65 centimetres. This -last degree has tieVer
been surpassed in England. The next . xperiments wilt ,
eke place before the commis:. ion appointed by tilt'
Minister erPublic Weika;rte.present a report 0a the att
mospheric system. H 0
• -
THE COUNTY OF MAYO.' -
The county—of4layo is rather i reer than Narfolk. Its
population is less by about 25,000, having been in 1841
38,000. The total area is 1,363,000 statute ages, Three—
fifths of the whole county may be said to be made up of
wastelands, and of these nearly halt a million of acres are.
returned as reclaimable. The people of this county, ,so far"
as we can judge from official slat= menus, appear to he as
peaceful as those of any shire in Great Britain. Their ca-
lendars have not furnished arguments to the authors of-
Coercion Bills, and the criminal returns of the seven years
ending in 1844 (the latest at hand) do not show a single ex-
ecution. We hear of Mayo chiefly through fhe crowds of
harvest labourers, who annually scrape together a little
money jn England by the most self-denying economy, that
they may pay the rent of potato-plots, and secure a winters
plenty for their families at home.
The county which is thus possessed of such vast unde-
veloped resources, and which is inhabited by a race who
prove themselves not incapable of toil, frugality, or fore-
sight, belongs to that region of Ireland in which the present
calamity is most deeply felt. The loss of the potato and
oat crops has not been anywhere more extensive, and no
county presents a picture of mere wide-spread and appalling
• a. Famine and fever are rapidly thinning the popula-
The deaths are fianel too frequent for inquests, and
-yen the decencies of epultere are often foregene in the
tesperate extremity to which the living are reduced. Yet
:here is no cutbreels of -violence. The strong man wastes
way from day to day, and in the end ;inks over his work.
The aged, and the helpless of all kinds, lie down when the
last hope is gone, and calmly await the issue.
The case of this patient and suffering people ap-
peals powerfully to every humane sympathy. All
that the utmost effort con do should be done to
alleviate their misery. But we are also bound to
consider carefully, and to use boldly, the best means
in our power for permanently raising the condition of this
peasantry, and securing them, if it be possible, against a
recurrence of such afflictions. With such a soil and such a
population as we have described, this ought not to be a task
beyond the powers; of the Legislature. e have shown on
former occasions a mode in which, as it seems to us, it might
be performed without difficulty. It is, lickseves, about to be
attempted in a different way. Lord John Russell has dis-
closed the leading fsatures of:the policy by which he hopes
to regenerate Ireland. If this policy is at all likely to suc-
ceed, it would seem fair to infer that its most striking and
decisive results must be experienced in Mayo. There, if
anywhere, the materials of a new social creation are ready
to the hand of the legislator. No Atlantic intervenes be•
tween the land that wants labour and the labourer
that wants work. The : natural resources of a colony,
and the industrial and moral powers of an old country,
are there brought together. A policy which is good for any-
thing ought to be able to produce in Mayo the comfort and
prosperity of Norfolk.

misery
t ion.

LETTER OF ABD-EL-KADER TO
THE GENERAL IN .COMMAND AT ORAN.
The following letter, of the authenticity of which we
I,aVe r.o means of judging, from Abd-el-Kader to a -
French General, whose name is not given, but who is
probably the General in command at Oran, who exerted
himself for the release of the prisoners, is published by
the Semairte:—
"Fr(in the. Emir of the Mussuimans, El Sid el Hadji
Abet el-Bader--whom may God protect General
: May God bestow his generosity on all who
hold the faith, and may the satety and the mercy' of .
God be upon every true believer, upon all who do' not •
wander from the right way to salvation. We shall ac-
quaint you, as between'friends and neighbours, that when
your prisoners, who wt re in our hands, the Colonel and
his companions. had lost all hope from the Marshal,
from General Lanioriciere, and the others, they applied
to us for p. rmia.ion to write to you, and they did write
to you, after we had several dints given thtm leave to
do so ; but the ansvv/ rs were not favour tile. When the
prisoners dernatia, d an audience of us we granted it to
them, and they put to us the following question :
Why have you slain our companions ? We answered
them:—lt was your brethren who command at Algiers
and over its dependencies who slew them. We also
said :—At the time we set at liberty more than 100
prisoners, who were at Tagdempt, we sent them to
Bugeaud, but he did not appreciate that service. Tot it
is just that Sovereigns should recompense such services.
We have kept silence—we have not spoken one word on
the subject of a single prisoner taken from us. After
that you and your companions fell into our hands. We
have treated you with care and respect, and even better
than we have treated our own troops. Bugeaud has
committed a thing so. violent that no true soldier would
have committed it. We sent him one of our chosen chiefs
to confer with him on an exchange of prisoners. This man
was thrown into prison, where he has remained. Where-
upon we exclaimed with astonishment—in all countries,
in all times, an envoy charged with letters has had
nothing to fear. How, then, dues it come to pass
that Bugeaud, who is a marshal, should do a thing not
allowed to any man ? How can it have entered into the
mind of the French, who are men of reason and capa-
city, strong and warlike, that the Sultan of Fez could
take from us by tOrce prisoners, and above 'all when
acquainted with things in general, and not ignorant of
our affairs or those of others ? This it is that has se
much displeased us, and become the cause of our having
given orders to slay your companions. When the pri-
soners had heard our words they all replied Yes! yes !
yes! Some days after this conversation, the prisoners
became reconciled, end having had proofs of our
bounty, or geLerosity, or good treatment towards them,
had recourse to the chiefs of on: Deirah and to our
to endeavour to obtain from us their delivery.
We yielded to the prayers offered up to us in their
favour, and consented to set them at liberty, con-
forming to what is written in the Feta of the book

of oar Prophet, which says, ' Begin by taking
prisoners, but afterwards act them at liberty,
either by means of exchange or for nothing.' On
being aslceil by what road they wished to depart, they
replied by that of Melilla. We consented to this,
and sent for the chiefs who commando iu the
environs of Melilla. They came to us ; we gave
them the charge, and they undertook it. We have re-
capitulated all that first took place, in order that you
may be fully informed, and in ease there shall be any
question raised in the Chamber or elsewhere you may
say that which is just and right on our account No one
can blame you, no one can reproach you if you come to
'oe an intermediary between us and France, your nation.
You will have the merit, so far as it concerns yourself
and your country, in obtaining from your Sultan a
grewer and more eminent -favour than this, for he is
greater than we are in age and sovereignty, and his ex-
perience is above ours. 'On your part no evil has hap-
pened between us as has happened bowcen us and the
Marshal, through ill-intentiotied persons of our country,
who have sown discord atnorg us and him by means of
falsehoods and lies, to which tie lisened to the extent of
taking no account of the good we have done for him. If
we had done to#ards -ou the gOod we have done
144 t-
owards him. you ‘tol.l lhave IN en geverous towarhdsnus,
you would have eousit eration for 113 ; for we
wish
t.eculry-
the well being of the whole t ar!h in w
lace with
bouring places. When at one time peace took, p
ity and freedom dripassage along roadh'sltbteren neigh•
the consent it was not we who were the first.
to break it.of W'y'e King,
forward to nothing but all
interchange of many presents and' kirdly relations
But the chiefs at Algiers dustrorl this
phee3tweeeeanfteurs.
listening to ill-intenti ,ned persons, Ad from
their Prepossession for the Maugrabins who came, some
in numbers, some singly, to divert themselves with the
prisoners who were in our ramp. For ourselves, we
iq
h.lieve, from what we have Ir,tiad, at you are equit-
able, and do not listen to .intriv.uers. Do all in your
power to bring about a good runierstandirg between us,
in order that in the end amicable relations.
We may be esta-
blished between you and us. have sent one of our
'Aghas to you, with the colonel, that he may see our
prisoners who are in your country, that he may learn
how many they be. hew many are dead, and remit to us
the number. (God is our protector.) I pray you to re-
ceive this man and recommend him to your people. Do
not fail to write to us on the subject of this affair, and
others, to the end that our relations may become coma- ....
plete as well for the present as for the future."

CALLS TO THE BAR.—LINCOLN'S INN, JAN 28.
The under-mentioned members of the SoHety of L'ncoln's
Inn have been called to the degree of barrister-at-law:—
John Gairre ForbeF, Esq, Joseph Bateman, Eaq., D.L.L.,
Eward'AllPre., ,v Esq., Lindsay B. Lawford, Esq., the Hon. G.
P. Elliott, M.A., John Knight Fitzherbert, Esq., M.A., and
Patrick M. Leonard, Esq., M.A.
IMPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES.—The
Zenobia, from New York, and the Lady Falkland and Goa-
sypium, from New Orleans, which were reported at Liverpool
on the 27th inst., bring 5,283 barrels of flour, 17,931 bushels
of wheat, 6,500 bags of Indian corn, and 210 barrels of Indian
corn meal.