The Sun.
London, England, 1840-04-21 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, APRIL 18 —Mr. W. E. D. Carter, from Wi
cheater College, has been admitted a probationary fellow
of New College.
The Roy. John Field, of Magdalen Hall, has been elected
by a great majority of the Magistrates chaplain of Reading
county gaol.

The Rev. John Hayes, of Magdalen Hall, has been una-
nimously elected incumbent of Christ Church, Harpurhey,
near Manchester.

M. P. G. Brunwin, Esq., has presented the Rev. P. J.
Hollywood, of Trinity College, to the rectory of Bradwell
next Coggeshall, Essex.
The Rev. Thomas F. Woodham, late of Worcester Col-
lege, has been presented to the rectory of Brancaster, Nor-
folk.

The Rev. G. F. W. Mortimer, of Queen's College, has
been unanimously elected head master of the City of Lon-
don school.

The Bishop of Oxford will hold confirmations in this
diocese this year at the following places :—Woodstock,
Monday, May 11th, at 12 o'clock; Islip, Wednesday,
May 13, at 11 ; Bicester, same day, at 3; Banbury, Fri-
day, May 15, at 11; Churchill, Saturday, May 16, at 12 ;
Burford, Monday, May 18, at 12 ; Bampton, same day, at
3 ; and Witney, Tuesday, May 19, at 11.

MILITARY OUTRAGE.—On Tuesday evening,
two of the foot-soldiers stationed in this town, quarrelled in
the Park about some girl, and were going to settle their dis-
pute by a battle, when one of them, thinking to make himself
appear more valiant than by fighting with his comrade, offered
to fight the best man amongst the bystanders. The challenge
was accepted by a young man from Radford, and the parties
prepared for the onset, when the soldier seized a stick (be-
longing to himself ), which lay upon the ground, unscrewed
the end of it, and presented a dagger about six inches in
length, swearing that he would run every person present
through. The stick was however seized, broken to
pieces, and handed to an officer who happened to come
up at the moment. We are informed, that on Wednesday
evening, several men belonging to the same regiment, com-
menced an indiscriminate attack with their sticks upon all in
their way in the market-place, and had they carried their side-
arms, the consequences might have been serious. Sir Charles
Napier, Brigade-Major of the district, with that promptitude
for which he is distinguished in the discharge of his important
duties, upon information of the outrage in the Park, immedi-
ately instituted an inquiry, and will doubtless take such steps
as may seem to him necessary to prevent the recurrence of a
similar breach of the peace.—Nottingham Reriew.
Since the event of the Grand National Steeple
Chase at Aintree, the sporting spirit of many of our young
townsmen has been stimulated to perform similar feats, but,
judiciously, in a more innocent and less hazardous manner.
One of very great interest to the immediate friends of those
concerned in the chase, took place on Wednesday last, at Ken-
sington, near Liverpool. Although no publicity was given to
this intended sport, the colours and flags hoisted at the winning
post, and at the different leaps, excited the curiosity of many on
the London-road, so that the ground became unusually filled.
The distance was about three-quarters of a mile, consisting of
eight teasing leaps, chosen by the umpires, and accomplished in
the short space of four minutes. Nine gentlemen entered for
the race, but six only started. The stakes were deservedly
handed over to Mr. Bird, who gallantly kept the lead the whole
time.—Liverpool Chronicle.

The statue of William the Fourth, in the Im-
perial Gardens, was, on Thursday night, strangely disfigured
by some mischievous persons, who painted the figure over so
as to give it quite a ludicrous appearance—the breeches being
coloured red, the stockings a bright yellow with black garters,
and the buttons and decorations of the bust being also coloured
yellow. On the pedestal was painted in large conspicuous let-
ters—" April 16—In Memory Of." As this malicious joke,
if joke it can be called, must have occupied some time, and
have required the aid of a tall ladder, we are naturally induced
to inquire how the mischief could have been perpetrated with-
out being observed by the police, especially as it took place is
one of our most public thoroughfares?— Me Cheltenham
Looker-on.

EARTHQUAKE AT CRIEFF AND COMRIE.— -
On the afternoon of Tuesday, last week, about four o'clock,
a powerful shock of earthquake was felt in this place, the mo-
tion of the earth being from west to east. It was accompanied
with a grave hollow sound, and resembled that of distant thun-
der. At Comrie it was severely telt at the same time, and in
the neighbourhood of that place, we are informed, it caused
several bells to ring. On the 7th current, at four o'clock,
r. at., a very smart shock of earthquake was felt, with loud noise
and considerable tremor. During the day, and the preceding
night, it blew a strong cold frosty wind, from the north-east,
but at the time of the shock it was an entire calm. It was
succeeded by two other slight shocks, the one in five, and the
other in twenty minutes after—noise, but no tremor. On the
Bth, another shock, at four o'clock, A.m.—noise, and slight
tremor, but not so loud as the first.— Stirling Observer.
On Thursday, Mary Ann Sedgley, a respect-
able young woman, was killed on the spot as she was walking
down Cannon-street, Birmingham. by part of the front of a
house falling upon her. The builder had employed a brick-
layer at low wages to take down the house, and the man
was doing it without erecting a scaffold. In the afternoon of
the same day an inquest was held upon the body, and a verdict
of accidental death was returned, with a deodand of 301. upon
the bricks and mortar. The Jury also highly blamed the
builder for the way in which the work was being done.—Lea-
' mingion Chronicle.
The public will learn with pleasure that some
additional picture galleries, one consisting entirely of naval vic-
torics, was opened in Hampton Court Palace yesterday.
SIR W. J. BRABAZON AND MR. ()TON-
NELL.-Sir W. Brabazon has addressed a letter to his con-
stituents in Mayo, in reply to Mr. O'Connell's denunciation of
him for deserting his post in Parliament without a pair. The
essential parts of this letter are subjoined :—" Charges are
brought against me under four heads, and those couched not in
language the most courteous—termed, as I am,' truant' and
contumelious,' &c. I beg to inform my constituents and
friends that I used every exertion to get a pair, that I applied
to Mr. Stanley, who generally manages those matters, to
procure me one ; that, being obliged to leave London on
business of vital importance to myself, I had hoped he (Mr.
Stanley) had been successful ; and although I was detained
for several days in Dublin, upon the very urgent cause that
brought me over, I heard nothing from him until my arrival
here. That my object in getting a pair was sincere, and
not for the purpose of playing the ' truant,' as I am charged
with, those who know rue will readily admit. I pledge
my word of honour to you that nothing but the most urgent
necessity would have made me leave London, and whatever the
sacrifice would have been, had I been aware of any injury being
likely to arise to your interests, I should, as I have ever done,
have thrown all personal considerations overboard, and remained.
When I left there was not the mcst remote idea of any dancter
to the present government—so much so, that several oflrelan'd's
best friends were absent. But, for reasons he alone can ex-
plain. Mr. O'Connell has singled me out, though he pretends
to address the people of Mayo and Kilkenny—still I alone am
doomed to bear the brunt of his attack. . . While I have
the honour to be your representative," adds Sir William, " to
You, and to you alone, shall I look for support ; to you alone am
I accountable ; and whether I still hold the same proud place in
your estimation that has hitherto been my lot, believe me I
shall never willingly do anything that for a moment would cause
me a blush in meeting you. I admit that Mr. O'Connell
honoured me with a letter, but directly or indirectly he never
alluded to Lord Stanley's bill. Perhaps he thought it beneath
his notice then."
WESTMINSTER ABBEY AND WHITEHALL.
—At a late meeting of the Institute of British Architecture,
Mr. C. H. Smith stated that Henry the Seventh's Chapel, at
Westminster, upon the restoration of which 40,0001. have been
expended, is already in a state of decay, and in twenty years
will be a ruin, from the softest of the Bath stones (Farley-
down) having been employed in the work. Mr. Smith adds,
that the same sort of stone is now being used for the restora-
tion in progress in the Abbey. Surely, this circumstance
should be noticed by the Board of Works, or in Parliament.
In a previous lecture, Mr. Smith stated that that portion of the
Banqueting house at Whitehall, which was restored a few
years ago, namely, the festoons and decorations at the top,
were of Reigate stone, which inevitably decays when used ex-
ternally. We, who have often seen the Reigate, or rather,
Merstham stone, in its native varieties, must add our suprise
that so friable a material should be employed in any national
work. Of a truth, no expenditure is so injurious as that of the
public money.—Literary IPorld.

A COURT ANECDOTE.—One of these girls,
called the Lotus, is rather a celebrated character at the Court
of Lahore; Runjeet Sing received her with the tribute from
Cachemirc about two years ago, when she was said to have been
very beautiful. He fell violently in love with her, and fancied
that his affection was as violently returned. One evening, in
the course of conversation with Monsieur Ventura, an Italian
officer in his service, when the girl was dancing before them,
he made some remark upon her attachment to him, which he
declared was purely disinterested, and too strong to be shaken
by any offers of advantage or affection she might receive from
other quarters. Ventura was incredulous ; and Runjeet Sing,
highly indignant at this doubt of his powers of attraction, de-
fied him to seduce her, and promised to put no obstacles in his
way, further than stipulating that she should be placed in the
customary seclusion of his zenana. After several polite
speeches on the part of Ventura upon the impropriety of his
attempting to rival his Sovereign, the challenge was accepted,
and the young lady immediately transferred to the Royal Se- I
raglio, with every precaution to ensure her safety.
Shakspeare described the sex in Desdemona
As very fair, but yet suspect in fame;
And to this day, from Venice to Verona,
Such matters may be probably the same."
They are so in the Punjab most certainly, for scarce had eight-
Ltuhsarhemad d
violate,
aarnodu-sfoe
dr t
from
ohmo u elapsed
happy edrree
ms
ohfo al
oryy e oalnddhlion
cot
ifo
nLbalyi otriei e
uas
'
eitehfrae
Royal lover's garden to the
t 111.1 evsel,y
, nothing
telliandgloth,hebi nme
ce
een
ttransplanted h
ca
teeh
r tseg(a
a r fromds that
e r
Italian's, where she was then blooming in all her native beauty.
—Osborne's Court and Camp of Runjeet Sing.
We regret to announce the sudden and unex-
pected demise of Captain William Fulton, of the schooner Be-
leek Castle, which took place at Troon on Saturday last. Cap-
tain Fulton and his wife had been over at Irvine during the dav,
and came back to Troon in the course of Ihe evening. Shortly
after their arrival, Mrs. Fulton went into a neighbour's lionse
to get a candle lighted, and, on her return, found her hus
band lying with his head on the floor, in a lifeless state. de
was much respected, and his sudden death is deeply regretted.
A deputation has arrived in town from Belfast,
with the intention of inviting the Hon. and Learned Member
for Dublin to a public dinner, on the occasion of his visit to the
' province of Ulster, to be present at the aggregate demonstration
of that province in opposition to Lord Stanley's FAIL

I PUBLIC MEETING at LEICESTER.

(Abridged from the Leicestershire Mercury.)
On Thursday evening the most numerous meeting of the
inhabitants of Leicester ever assembled, convened by the
Mayor, in compliance with a numerously signed requisi-
tion, was held in the Theatre, for the purpose of taking
into consideration the propriety of petitioning Parliament
for Household Suffrage, Vote by Ballot, and Triennial
Parliaments. Among those present were--J. Whetstone,
Esq. ( Mayor), J. Coltman, Esq. ( High Bailiff), S. Stone,
Esq. (Town Clerk), J. Biggs, Esq., R. Harris, Esq.,
C. R. Edmunds, Esq., Captain Smith, the Rev. U.
Berry, the Rev. J. Webb (of Oadby), Alderman Richards;
Town Counsellors, W. Biggs, W. Rowlett, G. Wykes,
M. Graham, R. Briggs, and J. F. Winks ; Mr. W.
Kempon, (Secretary to the Anti-Corn-law Association ) ;
Messrs. Fielding, How, Moore, Shardlow, C. Billson,
jun., S. Viccars, Kettle, Noon, T. Archer, Giles, J. H.
Davis, Tyers, R. Cooke, Biddle, W. C. Irwin, &c. ;
also, Messrs. Finn, Travis, Norton, J. S. Harley, Parker,
and other members of the committee of the Working
Men's Anti-Corn-law Association.

On the motion of Mr. Moore, seconded by Mr. C.
Billson, the Mayor was called to the Chair.
The Town Clerk having read the requisition, and the
order for holding the meeting at the theatre,
The CHAIRMAN said—Gentlemen, the last time we met
here it was to petition for the repeal of an unjust law, a
law which, in my opinion, is sapping the foundations of
our national prosperity. The legislature have refused even
to inquire into our Grievances, have refused even to come
to a vote on the subject of the Corn laws; they have dis-
posed of it by a sort of side wind. The opinion is grow-
ing, amongst intelligent men of all classes, that the relief
which we require is not to be obtained from the legislature
as now constituted.--(Hear, hear.) This has led to call-
ing the present meeting. I shall not go into the question
how far these reforms should extend ; but, whatever differ-
ences of opinion may arise, I hope you will give to all the
speakers an impartial and patient hearing, that you will
not prevent, by clamour, disagreeable truths from being
uttered, on whatever side ; since none but the worst
cause can require such aid, and truth is never supported by
such allies.

Mr. W. Binos said he was never so fully and painfully
' convinced that the Reform Bill was a failure, as after his
late journey to the metropolis, where he had appeared as
the delegate from Leicester ; he met there gentlemen
from every part of the kingdom, all of whom concurred in
the existence of extreme wide-spread distress throughout
the country. As far as he could collect the opinions of
these gentlemen, they despaired of success in any attempt
to obtain a repeal of the Corn-laws from the present
House of Commons; almost all concurred in the necessty
of a reform of the Reform Bill, and for a general agitation
for Household Suffrage, Vote by Ballot, and Triennial
Parliaments. The Anti-Corn-law League being, how-
ever, composed ef, and supported by, men of all shales
of political opinions, and some few even of those wbo
subscribe largely to its funds, scarcely agree with its
leade, s upon any other subject than the Corn-laws ; teat
body, therefore, cannot be expected, as a Corn-hw
League, to take up questions of general politics, thouii,
of course, every one of its members is at liberty, as privete
members of society or as influential politicians, in their •c-
-spective localities, to agitate for any political change which
may be deemed expedient. He ( Mr. Biggs) immediately
upon his return reported what he had seen and heard to
the Leicester Anti-Corn-law Committee and to the Wort-
ing-men's Anti-Corn-law Association. A few days after,
a deputation waited upon him from each of these societies,
calling upon him, as chairman of the Reform Society, o
convene a meeting of its committee to consider the pro-
priety of originating a public meeting to petition the
Legislature for an extended suffrage. The Mors.
Committee unanimously resolved that the time had come
when it became their duty to take the field, and ags
tate on those subjects for which the public mind wa
fully prepared—Household Suffrage, Vote by Ballot, ar4
Triennial Parliaments—rightly concluding that, while there
objects if gained would popularize the House of Commons
they would, at the same time, have the support of tie
greatest amount of public opinion ; for, while differences
exist among Reformers upon almost every minor point, al
the middle class, and a very large proportion of the wort-
ing class, agree in the propriety and desirableness of these
three cardinal objects. Under these circumstances ais
meeting had been called, and he wished to impress uper
all, for the advancement of the cause of civil liberty, :e
merge every minor objection in supporting these propod•
tions. This, said Mr. Biggs, is the first meeting whit'
has been called for these objects in the country, the fire
in which, latterly, the middle and working class have me
each other on common ground. If we are unanimous and
united, we shall set an excellent moral example to de
whole kingdom. I have no doubt that, in a short tint,
numerous meetings will be held, and that ere long se
effective agitation will have commenced, which will ors}
end with the acquisition of the suffrage by every residual
householder throughout the country, and a thorough re-
form of the present House of Commons. Having male
these preliminary remarks in relation to the import-
ance of the meeting, and to the desirableness of une-
nimity, Mr. Biggs entered at great length and wil
considerable ability on the questions of Househdi
Suffrage, Triennial Parliaments, and Vote by Ballet
Mr. Biggs said, I consider this the most importat
meeting ever held in Leicester since the passing of to
Reform Bill. I view it as the commencement of a nor
political campaign. I have no doubt of the ultimate r‘
suit ; hut, in the interim, we must make up our minds to
repulses, annoyance, and vexatious delay. Meeting site
meeting will have to be called, and petition after petitia
must be sent ; in short, to get up and go through the id-
some ordeal of a long-continued and widely-extended ag-
union ; but all this must be encountered and supporter
We must go to the Legislature as a united party, asa
whole and undivided people ; we must sink every miter
difference of opinion, and unite heart and hand for the L-
tainment of these great and important measures. Ira
not surprised that the middle class is slow to enter upon
new career of agitation ; nothing but the overwhelmirr
conviction that there is no: hope of any further useful x
popular measure being passed by the present Horse
Commons, ould ever have brought us into this arena. Mr
Bigg concluded by moving the resolution he held in he
hand.
Mr. WINKS secondod the motion.
Mr. BURDEN, a Chartist, then read his amendment e
follows :

" That this meeting fears, while property and not per
son is the qualification to vote for representatives of Par
liament, wealth will always find means to exercise undu
influence, and the creators of that wealth be prevente
from occupying their justly entitled position. Therefor(
we, the operatives of Leicester, impressed with this con
viction, have no confidence only in the enactment of th
aggregate principles contained in the Charter Bill."

. .
(The reading of the amendment was received with mingle.
cheers and disapprobation.) Mr. Burden said if it was th
wish of the majority he certainly would not press it.—
( Hear, and cries of " go on.") -He could have wished tha
the present
,movement had been commenced in some moo
populous district, and he could not help observing that h.
thought there was some insidiousness about it, and that i
was intended to divert the people from the attainment
the charter.--( Hisses and cheers.) Whatever might I.e
the object of the parties making the movement, he hoped
it would result in an agitation that would banish distres
from the land.—( Cheers.) With these observations, and
believing that he had acted consistently in the course he
had taken, he begged to move the amendment.
Mr. Bowers~, also a Chartist, seconded the amendment
The MAYOR said he rose to a point of order ; he wished
to know whether the mover of the amendment had with.
drawn it or not, as he understood him to have done so.
A general cry being raised by the Chartists that it shoule
not be withdrawn, Mr. Burden stated that, in accordance
with their wish, he would divide the meeting upon it.
Mr. MARKHAM thought every purpose was answered it.
the expression given to their sentiments, and, until tlic
saw what the Chartists in more populous districts did, Ls
again requested his friends to withdraw their amendments.
Mr. BURDEN said it placed him in a peculiar position
but he expected it. Having, however, expressed his opi.
nions, and given his friends an opportunity of doing so, he
had no objection to withdraw his amendment.—(Cheers.;i
The CHAIRMAN then announced that the amendmen•
was withdrawn—(Cheers)—and having read the origins
resolution, put it to the meeting, when it was carrier
almost unanimously amidst loud cheers.
The next resolution was proposed by the Rev. Mr
Bssay, a Dissenter, who, in the course of a long speech,
said—The two great things which I wish to see the people
possess before I die, are cheap food for their bodies, ani
cheap food for their minds.
Mr. FINN (of the Working Hens' Anti-Corn-law Asso•
ciation) seconded the motion. If they wished to have
food for their children, if they wished them to be trainee
up in the principles of Christianity, if they wished to pro.
cure for them education, to give them comforts in this
world, and to prepare them for another—it was essentiall)
necessary that they should come forward and seek, by con.
stitutional means, those rights which they ought to possess.
Ile would cordially second the resolution.—(Cheers.)
The resolution was then put and carried, with only ore
dissentient, amidst loud cheering.
Mr. TYERS rose, amidst applause, to move that a pet),
tion, founded on the foregoing resolutions, be adopted
and exhorted the meeting to keep in view that great objectthe rejection of which had occasioned their being cold
tcr,ether.
6Mr. J. BIDDLES seconded the motion.
The CHAIRMAN then read the petition, which was carried.
A GENTLEMAN asked why there was not a petition tc
the Lords?
Mr. W. DIGGs said that any measure for a reform in ti c
House of Commens mesa originate in that House. The
House of Lords was not competent to originate suab a
measure. On that account the petition was addressed to
the House of Commons only.
Mr. C. R. Edmonds proposed, and Mr. Markham se -
cot sled, a vote of thanks to the Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN said—lt has been my lot to hold this
important post in a year of extreme depression of trade.
my situation as Ma)or, and as a Magistrate, has brought
me into contact with an immense amount of suffering. The
meeting would scarcely credit, if I were to relate to them
the instances a nrivstion which have come to my know-
ledge. The Bea, d of Guardians have conducted themselves,
I believe, with a desire to do as much good as they
were able, under the circumstances in which they were
placed, and considering their duty to the rate-payers. I
' believe there is not a board in the country which has acted
with mere feeling. I feel that it is just to say this ;
perhaps I ought to apologize for introducing the subject
here, but I perhaps may not have another opportunity of
addressing so large an assemblage during my mayoralty.
I wish to express my admiration of the beautiful, moral
beenolryas
_
l
Bp sctacle which, amidst great physical s_u,effeerrg
was' in h
there a
presented by the people of Leicester. ISv
populasion suffering so much, who conducted
r.s themselves
d to express my
quiet.
so peaceably. I can hardly find
feelings on this stilket•the peace force
There has been no necessity to
N o townncwreoahsaes been so
hear)—no occasion to have sol-
dierof the borough—(Hear,
)rusted to the good sense, to
s quartered here. V.
the right feeling of the inihaasbictaonntssi,daetrieddq:tetrheejdUissttirficesds
111 so doing. Every man i
bad legislation which
which existed was not thefault of people in Leicester, but
must
of bad laws of a system of

EVENING EDITION.

he remedied by other means than riots and disor&i-.:-.1,:
thank the meeting for the kindness displayed tow4t4S'tie...
Three hearty cheers were then given for the Cbalemmt,
and the meeting broke up.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOUItIc4rALS.

.%
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAlc...v es, v.
(From the Morning Herald.) "
It is quite clear that the pauper-princes of Somerset
House, the end of whose reign, according to the existing
law, draws near, do not wish to abdicate. Not that power
or pelf has any particular charm for them, whcse ambition
it is to teach the poor by the instructive process of the
penal screw, how little of all that the earth affords suffices
for the wants of man. But they cannot bear the idea of
descending from their triple throne until the poor shall
have have thoroughly learned the lesson which they have
been for nearly six years indefatigably inculcating. It
seems their sway is not yet near so extensive as it ought
to be. Many parishes have been perverse enough to think
they could do quite as well without them as they could
with them, and some have been so refractory as absolutely
to set their power at defiance. This will not long be the ease
when the centralized system of Bens-d'armerie shall have
been established, and when police cutlases shall have
completely superseded the painted staves of the common.
law constables.

(From the Morning Chronicle.)
A great meeting was held last week at Chelmsford, at
which the Bishop of London presided, for the alleged
purpose of promoting " National Education on Church
principles ;" that is to say, for promoting Church and Dis-
senting education on Church principles. According to the
statement of the Right Reverend Prelate in the chair the
dissidents are to be reckoned by millions; the object,
therefore, resolves itself into an attempt to train the
offspring of millions in violation of the principles
received from their parents. In such a purpose
there may be much zeal ; it is clear that there is not
much of toleration or of justice. The Standard says
that this meeting was " a splendid assemblage of the
piety, intelligence, beauty, and wealth of the county of
Essex," in the Assembly-room of Chelmsford. Hard by
was poor, honest John Thorogood, in his damp dungeon,
now in the second year of his incarceration, and the first of
his dangerous illness, for not having paid the demand of
five shillings and sixpence towards the expense of Divine
worship, as performed for the benefit of all this piety and
intelligence, wealth and beauty. The meeting opened
with prayer. Could " piety" ask for such mercy as it
shows, without stammering ?
(From the Morning Post.)
The unblushing shamelessness with which Ministerial
journalists continue to abet the O'Connellite agitation
against Lord Stanley's Registration Bill is a disgrace to
human nature. We feel ourselves compelled to return to
the subject, lest it should be supposed that we in any de-
gree admit the statements which continue to be urged
against this Bill and its author. There is so matter now
before the public which honest and upright men ought to
be more solicitous about than the passing of Lord Stanley's
Bill. Its opponents, unable to advance any fair and pro-
duceable reason why it should not pass, appear to have
leagued together in a system of the shameless falsehood
concerning it, hoping, no doubt, by continued clamour, to
force their lies upon the apprehension of some, and to
frighten others from the honest course which their con-
sciences tell them they ought to pursue.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

MONDAY EVENING.

TIMES.—Among prominent topics of discussion in
the city at present may be mentioned the remarkable
changes which our shipping arrangements are likely to
undergo in consequence of the war with China. In
proportion to the loss incurred by throwing nearly the
whole out of direct employment in that part of the
world, will be the efforts made by the owners and parties
interested to obtain employment by indirect means.
Some of these have taken a course not over creditable
to the British name and character, in leading to a trade
with the Chinese under different names, and the colours
of other nations not placed under interdict by the Impe-
rial Commissioner. Thus some of the accounts from Can-
ton expressly name the following changes as having
taken place :—viz.
Esperance from Dutch to Danish.
Mithrus
General Wood ditto.
Vansittart . ditto.
Mermaid English to American. -
Hercules ditto.
Ruparell ditto.
Triumph ditto.
Sir Charles Malcolm ditto.
These ships, it is further stated, had gained large
freights by carrying British property from Hong-kong
and elsewhere up to Whampoa. They did not, how-
ever, elude the vigilance of Commissioner Lin, who
soon suspected the tricks, and by threats to the Ame-
rican and Danish consuls, who had lent themselves to
the imposition, had drawn from them a declaration that
they would not grant any further assistance or new
papers.

SUN.—Some notice is attracted to the circumstance
of Mr. Stephenson, Amtfcan Minister at the Court of
St. James's, having had interviews with the Minister for
Foreign Affairs, Lord Palmerston ; and it is hoped the
rumour partially current on 'Change last week, of an
expected arrangement between the representatives of
the two Governments for the temporary avoidance of
any unfortunate misunderstanding, vtfll prove to be
well-founded.

The Funds, in the meantime, continue slightly af-
fected by the uncertainty which prevails as to the pro-
bable issue of our disputes with China, Naples, and the
United States. Consols closed at 904 if for Money,
and 90i 91 for Time. Exchequer Bins left off at 245.
premium, and the New Three-and-a-Half per Cents. at
The Foreign Securities were not so firm as in the
morning. Spanish Active Stock left off at 2871 ; Por-
tuguese New Five per Cents. at 35-i; Mexican at 284 ;
and Colombian at 25,4 i. French Five per Cents. were
heavy at the decline to 111 francs, with the exchange
at 25f. 40c.

An unusually large amount of business was done in
the Railway Shares, and in every instance at higher
prices. The Birmingham and London were at 79, the
Quarter Shares at 23, the New at 231 ; the Manches-
ter and Leeds at 20 ; the North Midland at 3, the
New at 111 ; the York and North Midland at 17
the Great Western at 15, and the New at 71 prem.
The Brighton at 9, the Great North of England at 13,
and the Greenwich at 9 discount.

CAMBRIDGE ELECTION COM-

MITTEE.

The Committee met at the usual hour, Sir C. Flemaa,
Bart., Chairman.

Mr. Andrews said that the bills in respect of which an
application had been made to the Committee on Saturday
last, were subsequently sealed up by Mr. Parkes, in order
that no suspicion of their being withheld should be fairly
imputed ; and they were now ready for the inspection of
his Learned Friends, who could make such a legitimate
use of them as they might require.
The bills accordingly were put in, and several items of
expenses at a great number of public-houses were read.
By the CommiTTKE—(with evident surprise)--How
many public-houses may there be in Cambridge ?—About
300.

And what are the population?-21,000.
Mr. COCKBURN-But it is a seat of learning and of vir-
tue at the same time.

Mr. Bishop was examined at considerable length.
Then Mr. Moses Brown was examined.

To the question—From whom did you get your instruo-
dons ?—he answered, I think from Mr. Bishop—no, it
was from Winter, the clerk of Mr. Twiss, who told me we
were to draw checks upon Fisher's bank. The amounts
were filled in, and I think I had only to sign them. I got
these checks at the office of Mr. Twiss, for my house was
almost pulled down by the crowds of people coming to '
look for their money.—(Great laughter.) The checks
now produced to rfic are those which I signed, and sub-
sequently paid away, leaving a surplus of 601. These
payments, I believe, were made about six weeks after tie
election. I went to the Eagle five or six times, and only
promised Mr. Sutton that I would not vote against him.
Mr. F. I). Barker was then examined.—l am a banker
at Cambridge. I made up the general return of the voters
as they were reported to inc. I asked the different parties
(canvassers) how so and so voted, and then I marked them
elf in the general registration-book. This inquiry took
lilace at the lower room in the Eagle, and might have occu-
pied several diis preceding the election. I might have
asked Mr. Headley some questions upon the subject, and
very likely I might have also seen Mr. Corry there; but
I have no doubt whatever of my having seen Mr.
George Fisher there. The general purpose of the meet-
ings at the Eagle was not to make up the returns," but
to promote the election of Mr. Suttou by canvassing, and
giving the results to me. That was one of the general
purposes.
Now, tell me the particular purpose ?—I was there for
the purpose of attending to the canvassing returns,
have
the might,
alse there for the same purpose
And were not the other gentlemenlbelieve named
Brown were there, togetax,reat.c
and it is very likely thath 3,rliri.th?l"—i‘lelra.dlF7shaenrdaoMdrYivMdioionseis
d conversations as to the
We had repeated Swan, jun.
and in the streets; and I told
Mr. Fisher in the presehnocte I
do
cof Sutton, as to the results of
not know who oanvassed
Long, but never spoke
canva,s, both nt the Lag
the different districts ;
upon a charge of
to him; and remember with Mr. Swan as to
Barnwell. lll,
The order I gave Fenner was for refresh-
hailing.him• apprehensioneenhiSsamuei
fourteen, for tea and cold meat. I
refresh-
ments ',or twelve or
wine and
bribery, bat had no conversation
said nothing about wine and spirits, either to give or not VI
' give any.
For whom ?—1 expected they would be voters, bit
, from no particular place or district, and I also expected
Fenner was to be paid out of the subscription. I gave
him the order on the nomination day. Fenner at the last
election voted for Mr. Sutton, but en all firmer occasions
for the Whigs. Before the election of 1837 Penner was
my servant. Mr. Pemberton, I believe, was the Chair-
man of the subscription meeting. Ido not know that Pen-
ner's bill is yet paid.
Cross-examined—I am not the agent of Mr. Sutton, and
I gave the order to Fenner entirely upon my own authority.
It being now four o'clock, the Committee adjourned
until to-morrow (this day).

The Earl of Lucan has joined his Countess
and family at Caselobar Park, County Mayo.
Lord Prudhoe is residing at St. Leono...rd's during
the holidays. His Lordship has recoverei, from an attack of
gcit,

z

1

EVENING EDITION.

(Continued from The Sun of Yesterday.)
THE ARMY.

The promotion to the rank of Field-Marshal is a
matter of special arrangement and favour, but except
in the instance of the Duke of Wellington and the
- members or connexions of the Royal Family, that rank
has been conferred occasionally upon a few of the
senior Generals.
The offer of service in the cases where it is held to
be a sufficient qualification for promotion by brevet is
so fully recognised as giving an undeniable claim to ad-
vancement, that Lord Fitzroy Somerset stated, that even
if it were known the officer could not serve, and were
bedridden, he would nevertheless get his promotion, and
the consequence is admitted to be, that in almost every
brevet several officers are promoted to the rank of
Major-General who are unfit to do any active duty in
that capacity.
As a preliminary to the consideration of this system
of promoting General Officers, with reference to its
effects upon the efficiency of the service, it may neces-
sary to trace briefly the origin of the present mode of
making General Officers.
The commission books of the War Office havo been
examined to ascertain when the rank of General was
first conferred by commission. These hooks are pro-
-1 bably defective ; but the first record found therein is in
June and July 1685, when James 11. made two Major-
Generals and five Brigadiers. In March and April
1689, William 111. made Brigadiers. In the same year
the Duke of Schomberg, one of those transferred from
foreign service, wes made General of all the forces, but
this was for special employment. On 18th June 1689,
the Earl of Craven was made Lieut.-General of all the
forces ; and on 4th July 1689, Count de Solms was
Bade General of foot. Three Lieut.-Generals were
made in 1690 and 1691, six Lieut.-Generals in 1694,
and seven in 1696.
The peacu of Ryswick followed in 1697, and a ge-
neral reduction 'of the army was the consequence.
In March 1701-2, John, Earl of Marlborough, was
m•Al,a Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief ; and
in June, 1702, Prince George of Denmark was made
Generalissimo of all the Forces.
The rank of General was then assigned to a particular
arm of the service. The officer was named General of
horse, or General of foot, or for a special service.
As an instance of the latter, the following may be
stated :
On the 13th of January, 1715, Thomas Whetham
was made general and Commander-in-Chief in Scot-
land, in the absence of the Duke of Argyll and Lord
Stair ; and on the 23d March, in the same year, al-
though holding the rank of General in Scotland by an
earlier commission, the same General Whetham was
made Major-Genera!, subsequently a Lieut.-General,
and finally a General of foot.
In October,l73s, George 11. introduced the rank of
Field-Marshal into the service. He created two, the
Earl of Orkney, and the Duke of Argyll and Greenwich.
This is the first approach to the General promotions
of the present time that can be traced ; for, on the same
occasion, there were made two Generals (one of horse,
the other of foot), 10 Lieut.-Generals, 24 Major-Ge-
neral*, and 89 Brigadier-Generals. In 1739 the two
Generals of 1735 were made Field-Marshals.
The appropriation of the Generals to horse or foot
continued till the reign of George 111. On the 4th
March, 1761, the rank of Genera was given to the
eight senior lieut.-Generals, without any subjoined dis•
unction of service, as had previously been the case.
Since that time the several ranks of General Officers
as they emist at present have been maintained ; but there
has never been any defined limit to the numbers.
In the interval of peace between 1783 and 1793, the
aggregate numbers of General Officers in each year were
as 10110 W :---
1783...189 1 17,44...ze5 I 1785...150 1786..372 I 1787...179
1788...168 I 1789...19U I 17110...171 1791...189.1 1792...157

When the French war broke out in 1793 there was a
general promotion, mere or less extensive, in every year
during its progress to 1803, a respite in 1804, a general
promotion in 1805, again in 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811,
1812, 1813, and 1814. There was then a respite of
five v: ars. A general promotion was made in 1819,
another in 1821, again in each of the years 1825, 1830,
1837, a-rd 1838.
It is obvious that the rapid succession of general
brevets, made from the commencement of the war in
1793, placed young men in a position to fill important
eornmz;nds.

A series of questions addressed to Lord Fitzroy So-
merset wiii illustrate this. The Lieul-Co:omds of
1793 were made Colonels in 1796, and Major-Generals
in 1802.
But it was not the raid succession of Brevets only
which pl:ced so many young men in the rank of Gene-
ral Officer. Other causes operated to produce this
important resu't.
Previously to the Duke of York's assuming, the com-
mand of the Army, there was no defined term of ser-
vice r, qured from an officer before he could he ad-
vanced to the several ranks, and there was no prohibi-
tion to the appointment of persons to conimiss o
the Army at ages when it was imr,osr •dhle they could ,
perform service.

His Royal Highness introduced important changes into the Army en both these points. He established regulations exacting
.a certain period of service in .i
rank before promotion tr, a superior, and fixing each
years as the minimum of service. for a Captain, and six
years as the minimum. of service before an officer could
attain the rank of Field-Officer, and in practice these
terms were much extended.
With regard to the practice of giving commissions
to children, some explanation appears to be necessary.
It has generally been supposed that the appointment
of absolute infants and young children to the Army was
an abuse, dating from the period when Lord Amherst
Was in command of the Army, or from times shortly
anterior to that command. It is proper, therefore, to
show, from the War Office Records, that this abuse
(for such it undoubtedly was) was positively sanctioned
by a regulation from the Crown, dated 29th May,
1705.

In that regulation, Queen Anne, after stating that
the appointment of children to commissions was very
prejudicial to the service, w plhat
for the future no porson thaas t iseased to declare, •i that
serve of age sufficient to
serve shah be admitted into any of her Mjesty's
Itroops, except the children of officers who have, been
slain, or suffered extremely in the service, in which case
the merits of the father may make it reasonable to
show that mark of her Majesty's royal favour to the
son." Her Majesty further declared her pleasure that,
of those who were thus qualified," there shall not be at
nay one time above two in a regiment ;" and when any
regotHect was. ordered on service, these children were to
be removed into other regiments left at home, their
places being taken by officers from those regiments.
As a proof of the full ' re-oo.nition of this system, and
of the mode in which it was'earr ied into effect, the foi_
lowing is the copy of a letterfrom the S Cretary-at-

GENERAL REPORT OF COMMIS-
SIONERS FOR INQUIRY INTO NAVAL
AND MILITARY PROMOTION AND RE-
TIREMENT.

We proceed to the examination of the third and last
system of promotion, which is that by brevet, the object
of which is to confer higher rank upon an individual than
he possesses by his commission in his regiment ; and as
there may be some advantage in recording the informa-
ltion we have acquired on this subject from the books of
the War Office, we shall sketch briefly the progress of
\ the system, as applicable to the creation of General
/ Officer's rank.
With regard to the word " brevet,”as applied to the
Army, distinguished from regimental promotion, it may
be well to note that the first entry of a grant of brevet
rank to be found in the books of the War Office occurs
in 1692. It was a Commission granted by William
who was then in Flanders, dated Brussels, May
10, 1692, conferring a brevet upon Francis Hawley, to
command as Colonel of Dragoons ; and in the same
year Lieut. Baron Spaar had a brevet to command c
Captain, and William Seymour end Henry Withers
had brevets to command as Colonels.
This mode of promotion derives additional importance
from the fact that it has been applied within the last :30
years as the means of noting and rewarding distin-
guished field-service.
It is stated in the Memorandum from the Horse
Guards that, with the exception of brevets for field
service, brevet promotion is regulated by seniority, and
that the brevet ranks are.
Major, Lieut.-Colonel,Colonel,Major- General, Lieut.-
General, General, and Field-Marshal ;
but it is also shown that the qualifications to obtain the
several steps of seniority brevet are different in several
ranks.

The qualification for the first rank, that of Major, is
that the Captain, whose date of commission as such would
bring him within the proposed promotion, must be upon
full pay regimentally, or if upon half-pay, that he must
be in a staff or garrison appointment.
For the three next superior ranks of Lieut.-Colonel,
Colonel, and Major-General, actual employment on ser-
vice is not requisite. The Major is promoted to be a
Lieut.-Colonel, the Lieut.-Colonel to be a Colonel,
and the Colonel to be a Major-General, if, not being on
full pay, he had merely tendered an offer of his services,
except indeed, he should have received the difference on
retiring to half-pay, which would be a positive disquali-
fication for further promotion.
Actual service in one brevet rank would secure the
officer upon half-pay the next step of brevet rank with-
out an offer of service ; but no further brevet promo-
tion would be granted without an offer of service after
the first advancement ; that is to say, a Major, a
Lieut.-Colonel, and a Colonel, who had served as such,
would, if they subsequently retired upon half-pay with-
out taking a difference, be promoted to be Lieutenant-
Colonel, Colonel, and Major-General, respectively ;
but the two former would obtain no further brevet,
unless they should make an offer of service after the
first promotion.
The Major-Generals to be Lieut.-Generals, and the
Lieut.-Generals to be Generals, are the seniors of their
respective ranks without reference to service or offers
of service.