The Sun.
London, England, 1847-11-20 00:00:00

~~~

1112 SUN, LONDON, SATUR:DAY EVENING-1 NOVEMBER 20, 1847.

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. •
M. JULLIEN'S ANNUAL SERIES OF CONCERTS,
POSITIVELY THE LAST NIGHT.

M. Jullien begs most respectfully to state thatthe Concerts will
most positively terminate this Evening, Nov. 20, in consequence of
the Theatre being required for the Grand Opera.

PROGRAMME FOR THIS EVENING.
Part I.,—Overture, Der Freischutz, Weber—Quadrille, Jallien—
Solo, Violoncello, Signor Piatti, Piatti—Valse, Le Bouquet Royal,
Jullien—Symphony, Jupiter Symphony, the Andante, Minuet, and
Allegro, Mozart—New Polka, The Eclipse (fifth time), Ktenig—
New descriptive Quadrille, The Swiss Quadrille, Jullien.
Part 11.-46,era,. Lucrezia. Borgia, Grand selection, with Solos,
Doniztitti—QuArille, The British Army (fifth time this season),
Jullien—Duet, Violin and Violoncello, M. Sainton and Signor Piatti,
Airs from William Tell, Krommer—Vaise, Le Pas des Mears, Ma-
rotzek—Solo, Flute, Mr. Richardson—Comic Polka, the " Three
Blind Mice," Coote.
The Concert commences at Eight, and terminates before Eleven.
Promenade and Boxes, Is. ; Dress Circle, 2s. 6d. ; Private Boxes,
10s. Gd., 215., and 325. 6d.

BAL MASQUE.
M. Jullieu's Grand Annual Pal Masque will take place on Monday,
Nov. 22, and terminate the Season.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Under the Management at Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee,
THIS EVENING

Will be produced a new and original Comedy, called FAMILY
PRIDE. Mr. Chapman, Mr. Tilbury ; Doctor Dodge, Mr. Farrell ;
Arthur Courtnay, Mr. Henry Farren ; Captain Shangenah, Mr. Hud-
son; Blandish, Mr. Brindal ; Mrs. Willoughby Courtnay, Mrs. W.
Clifford ; Sophia Chapman, Mrs. liisbett; Letitia Bradley, Miss
Reynolds; Grace, Mrs. Humby.
After which, an enti.te:y new Comic Drama, called THE ROUSED
LION. Characters by Messrs. Webster, Howe, Wigan, 11. Vanden-
holf; Mrs. Keeley, Miss Reynolds, Mrs. Seymour, and Mrs. Stanley

Stage Manager, Mr. Fart en; Acting Manager, Mr. F. Web:ter.
To conclude with the Farce entitled CONFOUNDED FOREIGN.
ERS. Characters by Messrs. Tilbury, Hudson, Ranger; Mrs. L. $
Luckingham, Mrs. Stanley, and Miss Carre.

J. T. Archer, Box-book keeper.
Boxes, ss. ; lit, 3s. ; Gallery, 2s. ; Upper Gallery, Is.
Doors open at Ilalf-past Six, Performance to commence at
.Seven.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Under the direction of Madame Celeste.
THIS EVENING

Will be presented a new and original Drama, called GIBRIELLI ;
or, the Bequeathed Heart. Fitzgerald O'Carrol, Mr. Boyce ; Major
Dunmore, Mr. Worrell; Marques di Mincio, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Bal-
thazar Valdarno, Mr. 0. Smith; Bob Bit, Mr. Wright ; Gabrielll,
Madame Celeste ; Signora D'Ossuna, Miss Bro Las.
After which, a New Farce, entitled THIS HOUSE TO BE SOLD
the property of the late William Shakspeare), Inquire Within. Cha-
racters by Messrs. Wright, Cullenford, Worrell, 0. Smith, Paul Bed
ford, Mrs. Laws, &c., &c.
To be followed by the original farce, called HOW TO SETTLE
tCCoUNTS WITH YOUR LAUNDRESS. Whittington Widgetts,
sir. Wright; Jack Brown, Mr. Munyard; Squibb, Mr. Redmond
dyan ; Mary White, Miss Woolgar ; Mdlle. Cherry Bounce, Miss
Earna Harding.
To conclude with th Farce of SHOCKING EVENTS. In which
Mr. Lambert, Mr. Worrell, Mr. Munyard, Miss Harding, and Miss
Chaplin will perform.

Boxes, 45.; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is.
Dnors open at Half-put Six, Performance to commence at Seven

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the Managemeat of Madame Vestris.
Sole Lessee, Mr. Charles Mathews.
THIS EVENING,

Will be performed PATTER versus CLATTER.
To be followed by the Comic Drama, entitled THE PRIDE OF
THE MARKET. Principal characters by Messrs. Buckstone, Leigh
Murray, Granby, and Pantile ; Miss If. Gilbert, Mrs. C. Jones, and
Madame Vestris.

Alter which a new Comic Drama, called A ROUGH DIAMOND.

To conclude with a Romance of Kea! Life, called BOX and COX.
Principal characters by Mr. Harley, Mr. Buckstone, and Mrs. Mac-
laMSXa.

The Interior of the House has been entirely re-designed by Mr. W
Bradwell of the Colosseum.

Dress Boxes, 58.; Upper coxes, 45. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. No
half-price to any part of the house.
The New Box-office, Ao. 2, Wellington-street, is open to the
Public every day, from Ten to Six.

PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Engagement of Mr. MACREADY and MISS CIIEUMA.N,
THIS EVENING

Will be performed a new Historical Play, entitled PHIL' e VAN
ARTEVRLDE. Characters by Messrs. Macready, Byder, Palmer,
Cooper, J. Vining, Convay, Neville ; Miss E. Montague, nd Miss
Susan Cushman.

After which Shakspeare's Comedy of KATHERINE AND PE-
Yetruchio, Mr. Cooper; Katherine, Miss EmmelinS
Montague.

Dress Circle, 55.: Boxes, 45.; Pit, Rs.; Gallery, Is.

ItuYAL r,IIItiCEY THEATICE.

Lessee, Mrs. F. Davidge, No.), Davidge-terrace,Kensingten-read,

Surrey. -
Tnis EYENING, the performances will commence with tho
:clebrated Opera oc

LA SONNAMBULA.

To be followed by a new Divertissement called UNE /CERAM&
...

To conciude with the Farce of DEAF AS A POST. Characters
by Messrs. Vining, H. liorncastle, Attwood, 11. Lewis ; Miss Collett,
Mrs. W. Daly, and Miss R. Isaacs.
A distiact entrance to the private boxes has been made (which
have been re-itted). Private boxes may be had nightly of all the
Irinelpal Librarians ; and at the Box-orrice of the Theatre, which is
•pen daily from Ten until Four.
Boxes, 25.; Pit, ls.; Gallery, 6d.

ASTLEY'S BUY AL A NIPHITHEATICE,
roprietor and Manager. Mr. William Batty.
Mr. Batty's performing Elephants.
Tills E‘
The Grand Spectacle of THE CAMP OF SILESIA.
Entirely new Sct,.its in the Arena, by the talented Artistes 01
the t..e.alishinent, in the various modes of equestration.
To conclude with the Farce of THE L ,TTERY TICKET.
Bon-oil co open from 11 till 5.
Acting and Stage Manager, Mr. W West.

LIE WEATHEIL—SIIN OFFICE, Nov. 20.
THERM 'METER, Lowest, 28; Highest. 37; Noon, 36
BAROMETER, 30.19. WIND S.S. ; foggy.

WATER AT LONDON-BRIDUE TIIIS DAY.
Ninrnin:.. i 1 minutes after IL 1 Evening .. 0 minutes ttter 0.

holding up to the admiration of the horny-handed
mechanics the shining lights of their generation.
• lf, according to the vulgar adage, " one fool begets
another," a converse aphorism must be equally cor-
rect in application, and by familiarising the illiterate
many with the cultivated few, by enabling the
million to behold the animated marble of
the sculptor and the brilliant canvass of
the painter, to read the narrative of the his-
torian, and chaunt the numbers of the bard, to
hearken to the strains of the musician, and to the
voice of the orator, an innate affection for knowledge
may be awakened in the bosoms of the uncultured
artizans, and a natural appreciation of the True and
the Beautiful may be respired in the atmosphere of
the workshop.
A discourse more peculiarly adapted to the
audience, or more eminently characteristic of the
speaker, could not by possibility have been delivered
than the one pronounced yesterday evening by
ARCHIBALD ALISON, the historian of Europe since
the days of the French Revolution. It was demon-
strative of the connexion which has existed since the
creation of the world—from the most remote anti-
quity down to these our days—between industry and
knowledge, between handicraft and philosophy, be-
tween commerce and education. This admirable
dependence of mind and matter, the one upon the
other, was illustrated by Professor AmsoN by a
felicitous enumeration of the most celebrated
seats of learning. It was the erudition of the
magi of Egypt, as well as the passage of the cara-
vans through the wilderness, which imparted such
authority to the sceptres of the PHAROAHS- Athens
did not owe its prolonged dominion and its immortal
memory more to the sophists who taught in the
grove and under the porch, than it did to one signifi-
cant circumstance—" the vicinity of the harbour of
Piraeus to the temple of the Acropolis." Rome be-
came the mistress of the world not only through the
sages of the senate and the occupants of the rostrum,
but in like manner through " the hum of merchants
in the maritime cities which glittered along the
shores of the blue sea." Constantinople, again,
which "perpetuated for a thousand years longer the
pomp and majesty of the CASSARS," was Indebted for
its strength alike to its treasures of art and eru-
dition and to its contiguity to the waters of the Dar-
danelles. In Florence the din of trade did not drown
the melodies of DANTE. In Venice the activity of a
commercial city did not impede the pencil of TITIAN.
In Genoa there was visible that mercantile enterprise
which had given birth to the golden intellect of
COLUMBUS. In Lisbon the necessities of the market
had produced the daring of VAsco DE GAMA, and the
enciternents of the studio had evoked the song o
CAMOENS. Other kingdoms afforded the histori

examples with which to " point the moral" of his
harangue, and to testify how intimate and beneficial
was the association of energies perpetually shared
between Genius and Commerce. Beyond this
Professor AusoN maintained the advantages cer-
tain to accrue from the continuance of such
an institution as the Athenaeum in such
a city as Manchester, by enunciating a sublime
truth—a truth worthy of being inscribed in gold
upon our portals—" What," said he, " what is !fie
but the education for eternity 1" Such thoughts as
these cannot sink too deeply into the hearts of the
community, for they are (if rightly viewed) the seeds
at once of individual eminence and national ex-
altation.

After the auditory of the Manchester Athenaeum
had drank in to the last syllable the classic eloquence
of ARCHIBALD AusoN, their civic enthusiasm was
aroused by the appearance and address of RICHARD
COBDEN, and their loyalty to their country enkindled
by the American volubility of RALPH EMERSON.
There was a homely sagacity, moreover, in
the manner in which the festivities were brought to
a conclusion, in obedience to the advice of the chorus,
which tells man to "be merry and wise !" It was
fitting that the strong drink of wisdom should be di-
luted by the sparkling waters of merriment, and that
before the dancing commenced the comic words of
GEORGE CautasnAmc should tickle the serious faces
of the company into laughter.

O❑ Wednesday we pointed out the great proba-
bility that there would be a serious deficiency in the
national revenue, and the consequent necessity that the
wants of the country should be supplied, either by
the imposition of some new tax or the increase of,
some of those already in existence. Even if there
should be no such decrease in the public revenue as we
have anticipated, and that the returns from the ordi-
nary sources of revenue would be sufficient to pro-
vide for the discharge of the interest of our public
debt, and the proper maintenance of our naval, mili-
tary, and civil establishments, a full investigation
should take place during the present session of Par-
liament into the ways and means by which the Ex-
chequer is to be replenished. It must be borne
in mind that the imposition of the property
and income-tax was only sanctioned for a limited
period, which will speedily expire, and that under
any circumstances application must be made to the
Legislature to justify its continuance. The whole
question of taxation must, therefore, be brought
before the representatives of the people, and we trust
that they will not be contented to legislate blind-
folded, or without fully examining into the policy of
the present system, and considering whether more
judicious, and at the same time more equitable prin-
ciples, might not be substituted for those at present in
operation. Great changes have taken place within a
few years. The doctrines of free trade have tri-
umphed, and the people have proclaimed that every
species of monopoly must be abolished. Those
measures that: would have been expedient or
necessary under the former state of affairs,
might possibly be highly impolitic when regarded in
connexion with existing circumstances. We now
desire, by every means practicable, to interchange
the products of our own and of other lands. We
have abolished all protective imposts. The foreigner
is as free of our markets as our own fellow-subjects.
Our great object is that he should be induced to re-
ceive our manufactures in exchange for his comma-
dities, and not to demand specie in payment therefor.
Every means, therefore, should be-taken to develop
the industrial resources of our country, and for that
purpose to abolish, or materially modify every tax
that unduly presses on the labouring classes, and
operates as a bar or impediment to production.
Another important consideration is to adopt such a
system of taxation as will yield the largest amount to
the Exchequer in proportion to the sums extracted
from the pockets of the people.

Now, in every respect, the most objectionable
description of taxation is that which is comprised
under the head of " Excise." The expense of
its collection amounts to more than six per cent. on
the sums received, or nearly double that of collecting
the property and income-tax. In addition
to this, the manufacturer must of course cal-
culate his profits not merely on the actual
cost of producing the article, but also on
the amount of duty he is compelled to pay
to the excise authorities. A similar profit
is required by the various parties through
whose hands the article passes before it comes
to the consumer whether native or foreign,
who of course must ultimately defray all these

accumulated charges. We believe that on a stric

calculation being made, it would be found that

he several Excise duties, which produce to the Ex

chequer on an average something less than fourteen
....

millions sterling, cost the consumers more than
twenty millions, being a positive loss of six millions
.

sterling, or an unnecessary increase in the cost of
production of nearly 50 per cent. Is it necessary to
say how greatly the consumption of the articles
whose prices are thus enhanced would be promoted
both at home and abroad by the alteration of the
system ?

There are other points connected with the Excise
which are even still more intolerable. There are

sundry rules and regulations of the most arbitrary
and oppressive character enforced on the manufac-
turers, and even on the traders in these articles. No

man's house is sacred from the invasion that may at
any time take place. Night or day he may be in-
truded on. An anonymous information, or even the
suspicions of a prying official, will be sufficient to
justify a domiciliary visit. In fact, the entire of the
Excise code is wholly inconsistent with the liberties
of the people. It also prevents, as we have on a
L former occasion stated, the improvements that might
otherwise be effected in the process of our inantifac- I

The irritation produced in Tuscany by the occupa-
tion of Fivizzano remains unabated. The Florentine
journals of the 11th inform us that the Marquis
~IDOLrr, Minister of the Interior, was obliged to
address the people to prevent them marching against
the Modenese, assuring them that the Tuscan Go-
vernment had taken measures to receive satisfaction.
The lists where the young men inscribed their names
as ready to march were, however, still open.
There was a report of the advance of five thousand
Austrian troops to support the Modenese Govern-
ment.

The Archduchess MARIA LOUISA. of Parma was
hourly expected in her states. Preparaticns were on
foot to demand her sanction for the establishment of
a civic guard. The Austrian garrison at Placentia
has been reinforced.

Accounts from Turin announce that the measures
of reform proclaimed by the recent royal decree are
beginning to be carried into execution. The Court
of Cessation is to be composed of sixteen members
and two presidents. In consequence of the new law
on the press, a superior commission of censorship has
been established at Turin ; it is composed of six
members, who are all professors of the university or
members of the Academy of Sciences. In all the,
large towns of the kingdom manifestations of joy have
taken place, but in every case without order being
troubled.

The following is the official dispatch of General
Durous. to the Diet, announcing the surrender of
Friburg :
" TO HIS EZCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT OF THE DIET.
" Excellent Sir,—l have the honour of announcing
to you that the town of Friburg has this day opened
its gates to the Federal troops by a capitulation, of
which a copy is subjoined. I hope that you will be
satisfied with it, since thus the alliance of the Sonder-
bund is broken, and that at the cost only of some
marching and a little time.
" This event will put us in a position to turn to the
side of Lucerne, and already this evening four batta-
lions are on their march to return to that side. Hav-
ing but very little time at my disposal I limit myself
to these few particulars, and pray your Excellency to
receive the assurance of my distinguished considera-
tion.—The Commander in-Chief,
(Signed)
Nov.„" P. H. DUFOUR.
" Head-quarters, Belfaux, N 14th."
CAPITULATION.
"The following convention was concluded between
his Excellency the General commanding the troops
of the Federal army, on one part, and the plenipc.
tentiary delegates of the Government of Friburg on
the other
"Art. I.—The Government of Friburg formally
engages to renounce, in an absolute manner, the alli-
ance of the Sonderbund.
Art. 2. The Federal troops will take possession
of the city of Friburg in the course of the day, be-
ginning by the out forts, which will be occupied in
the morning, and subsequently of the gates and in-
ternal posts of the city.
Art. 3. The city will supply quarters for the
troops, and the necessary provisions, according to the
Federal regulations.
"Art. 4. The Government of Friburg will im-
mediately disband its troops. The arms of the land-
sturm will be deposited in the arsenal, and an inven-
tory of them prepared, which will be delivered to the
Federal authorities.
" Art. G. The Federal troops will occupy all the
gates, guarantee the security of persons and property,
and assist the constituted authorities in maintaining
public order.
"Art. 6. Should any difficulties arise beyond the
military jurisdiction, they will be submitted to the
decision of the Federal Diet.
" G. H. DUFOUR,
" Commander-in-Chief of the Federal Army.
" Belfaux, Nov. 14, 1847.
as special delegates of the Exe-
cut"ivl en the
Councilnam eef and
Friburg,
" P. ODET, Syndic of Friburg.
"MUSSLI, Counsellor."
The Swiss Vorort, immediately after the receipt of
the: news of the capitulation of Friburg, ordered a
portion of the troops, who had Leen sent against that
place, to march towards Lucerne, and issued the fol-
lowing proclamation :
" The God of Armies has, on an important point,
pronounced in favour of our just and legitimate cause,
and of the legitimate authority of the Diet. There
remains, without doubt, much to be done, but this
success is of happy promise. Let the noble example of
our army in its devotedness and patriotism be a new
and powerful stimulant of concord and fidelity, and
let us not seek repose until we shall have restored to
our dear country peace and tranquillity, and all the
blessings of a regular Government."
The statement of the capitulation of Friburg hav-
ing been preceded by a sanguinary battle appears to
have been erroneous. The Swiss Federal Gazette
states that there was no effusion of blood.

On the 15th the Diet, as soon as it received
accounts of the surrender of Friburg, and the terms
of the capitulation, met and adopted the following
resolutions :

" Seeing that in the 6th article of that act (the
capitulation) all the difficulties not of a military
character are expressly reserved to the decision of
the High Diet: Resolved,—
"1. There shall immediately be named three
federal representatives, who shall go without delay
into the canton of Friburg.
"2. The canton of Friourg remains provisionally
occupied by the necessary number of troops. The
representatives will, in this respect, come to an un-
derstanding with the Commander-in-Chief of the
Federal troops.
" 3. The Federal representatives will make, with-
out delay, to the Diet a report and propositions as to
the measures that it will have:to take in the interest
of the interior security of the Confederation, as well
as in that of a durable pacification of the canton of
Friburg. Nevertheless, if the circumstances should
require it, they are authorised to take of their own
accord the measures to attain that end.

" 4. The army of occupation, which will remain
in the canton of Friburg, is at the disposal of the
Federal representatives for the purposes of the present
instructions.
" G. The Federal directory is charged to commu-
nicate immediately the present resolutions to the
Federal representatives, as well as to the Commander-
in-Chief of the Swiss army.

tures. Experiment s are forbidden ; the Excise
authorities protest against any changes which
will give them additional trouble, or ren-
der necessary the application of new tests in
ascertaining the (exact amount of duties payable.
Anything which do es not meet their approbation is
disposed of by the statement that " the rules are in -
dispensable"—an az gument to which the Legislature
has hitherto been d.isposed to pay too much attention.
These imposts als o hold out a direct incentive to
crime, and tend tc, the demoralization of the people.
How many have be en consigned to gaols for breaches
of the Excise-laws.:l How many families have been
deprived of their natural protectors and compelled to
become inmates of the union workhouse, and burdens
on the industry of their neighbours, in consequence
of the baleful operation of those iniquitous laws,
which hold out the greatest temptations for their
evasion ! The fleet point for the nation to demand
is the abolition of the Excise-laws, and if that
demand be made with firmness and unanimity it must
be complied with.

Elsewhere in our columns will be found an extract
from " The Progress of America," the admirable
work of Jorat MACGREGOR, Esq., M.P., to which we
referred on Wednesday last. In it will be found a
financial scheme deserving of the most attentive
consideration of the Legislature. It will be
seen that the Honourable Gentleman proposes
that the Excise and assessed taxes, the stamps on
marine and fire assurances, and also the duties on
customs (with the exception of eight articles) should
be abolished; that distilled spirits and malt now under
the Excise should be transferred to the Customs, and
the Excise licenses to the Stamps; and that all the
other of the assessed taxes, and the whole of the
Excise establishment, should be abolished. This
acceptable boon to the public Mr. MACGREGOR proves
could be conceded (by the adoption of other sugges-
tions made by him), if a property-tax of seven
millions sterling, or less than three and a-half per
cent. on all the realised property of the
country, without distinction, were enforced.
Right glad are we that Mr. MACGREGOR is now in
his fitting position, that he has been chosen by a corn -
mercial city as its representative, and that he will
thus have a full opportunity of explaining his enlarged
and comprehensive views to the LegislatUre. It
should not be forgotten, in estimating Mr. MAC-
GREGOR'S claims to the public gratitude, that, to en-
able him to render these valuable services to his
country, he resigned a position of honour and emolu-
ment that would be an object of ambition to almost
any one, that he voluntarily relinquished office, that
he might be free to lay his unbiassed sentiments
before his brother legislators.

" According to a dispatch addressed at six o'clock
yesterday afternoon by his Excellency General Du-
four to the President of the Diet, arid dated from
his head-quarters of Grolley, a village at a league
from Friburg, the Federal army already occupied on
the 12th of this month positions round the town, and,
notwithstanding the rain, the night was well passed
at bivouac.
" In consequence of a summons addressed by the
General to the authorities of the city, an armistice
was granted until seven o'clock this morning.
" The Government of Argua has informed us that
some troops of the Sonderbund, under the command
of General Salis Soglio and of Colonel Elgger, had
attempted an invasion in the free bailiwicks of Argau,
but that they were received with firmness, and re-
pulsed by the Federal troops. Fighting has taken
place on the frontiers of Zurich, and the object con-
templated by the troops of the Sonderbund, to cut off
the communications by the Reuss, has completely
failed. "By order of the Executive Council,
" THE CHANCELLOR OF STATE.
" Berne, Nov. 14."
Lucerne and the small cantons are beginning to
suffer from a scarcity of provisions. A pound of
bread sells there for 4d., and there is an almost com-
plete want of salt. The only open passage between
t'aose cantons and the Valais, a country abounding
in provisions, is the Col of the Furka, which may be
closed at any moment.
The Berne Gazette, of the 14th, in a supplement,
states that news had arrived of the army of the Son-
derbund having set fire to the village of Menzikon
is the canton of Argau, and that when this was
known to the Federal army in observation on the
frontier next to Lucerne, it produced such irritation
that it was found impassible to restrain the troops
from entering that canton.
The Commander-in-Chief;s said to have ordered a
portion of RILLIET'S division to advance to the fron-
tier of the canton of Valais. A strong column from
the Grissons and the canton of Tessin, amounting to
3,500 men, and commanded by Brigadier PIODA and
Colonel LANICCA, of the Engineers, were advancing
towards the St. Gothard, to attack the men of Uri.
The Federal director has madethe official announce-
ment at Berne, that the canton of Appenzell had
submitted to the orders of the Diet. This decision
was taken by the Grand Council of the canton with-

out consulting the Landsgemeine.
It is said that the Directory has received positive
assurances from France and Austria that every idea
of an intervention on their part, under any form
whatsoever, has been abandoned, and that those two
Governments have determined to allow the contend-

ing parties to settle their differences among them•
selves.

The principle theatre of the war will for the
moment be the canton of Lucerne. The Commander••

in-Chief of the Federal army has already ordered
four battalions of the division commanded by General
BURKHARDT to march towards Lucerne. He will
take up his position in the confines between the two
cantons of Lucerne and Argau. The last bulletins
state that the canton of Argau had been completely
evacuated by the troops of the Sonderbund, who had
invaded it. The bulletin of the Federal party state
that the Sonderbund have lost 320 men, of whom 120
. were killed and wounded, and 200 prisoners. This
appears, however, to be exaggerated.
A postscript to a letter, dated Basle, the 14th, says:
—" A Prussian Government courier has just passed
through. He is the bearer of a note from his Cabinet

to the Vorort, to the intent that if any act of aggres-
sion is perpetrated against an inhabitant of Neuf-
chatel, in consequence of the political differences in
Switzerland, the Austrian troops will immediately
enter the canton of Tessin.

The diversions attempted by the Sonderbund,
during the operations against Friburg, had all failed.
One of its columns, repulsed at Sins, was obliged to
retreat on the territory of Lucerne. Another having
advanced to Gettwyl, close to Muri, experienced a
similar fate.

The landsturm, upon which the Sonderbund ap-
pearedtorely greatly for its defence, is in a sad state

of discipline, if we are to judge of it by the fate of
the unfortunate Captain AUFDEN MANE; whom
these bands of hastily-embodied soldiers have mur-

dered in the canton of Schwytz. This officer, whose
humanity and generally noble conduct were much
eulogised, had been placed at the head of a battalion

of the landsturm. He refused to lead his men

he territory of St. Gall, because he considered tha

such a step would be injurious to the cause he had
undertaken to defend. The men having renewed
their demand in a disorderly manner, Captain AUFDER

MANER, drew his sword, and declared that he would

run it through the first man who rebelled against his

orders. At the next moment a report was heard

from the ranks, and the Captain was struck by a ba

and fell dead in front of the battalion.

Madrid papers of the 13th have arrived.
The Prensa states that a royal order had been sent
to ESPARTERO, forbidding him to return to Madrid
for six months. The same journal states that the
QUEEN is of late in a precarious state of health
and was subject to frequent attacks of melar/choly.,
This announcement is, no doubt, put forth for a pur-
pose. The QUEEN, who is in general so robust and
so active, is almost always said to be attacked with
illness shortly after the arrival of her mother at Ma-
drid. Such was thecase three years since, When she
was compelled to go to the North of Spain for her
health, where she was joined by the French Princes ;
and such has been the case on many previous occa-
sions, during CHRISTINA'S visits from France. The
coincidence is somewhat remarkable.

-*" 'The object of the mission of M. DE TALLETRAND
to Paris was to press for the immediate presence of
the Duke and Duchess of MONTPENSIER in Madrid.
King LOUIS PHILIPPE, however, has, it is said, pe-
remptotorily refused to accede to any such arrange-
ment, notwithstanding the pressing instances of
CHRISTINA and NARVAEZ.

General PAVIA arrived in Catalonia on the 7th.
The Union Bank of Madrid. has suspended pay.
ment. Its debts are said to amount to two hundred
millions of reals, but the amount of its assets is not
stated.

MADRID BOLSA, Nov. 13.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 26k, at 50 days; the Five per Cents. at
14f, for paper ; the Debt without interest, at 4f ; and
the Coupons, at 11.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday. ,
The Journal des Debats affects to consider the
surrender of Friburg as a matter of small importance,
inasmuch as the real strength of the Sonderbund lies
in Lucerne and the small cantons ; if the fall of
Friburg, however, had been considered of such small
importance a month since, it is scarcely to be be-
lieved that M. GUIZOT would have committed a
flagrant breach of the law of nations, for the pur-
pose of supplying the Jesuits of that city with arms
' and ammunition, the whole of which are, of course,
by this time in the possession of the Federal troops
The Con stitutionnel considers this surrender of the
greatest importanCe, and there can be no doubt but
that the moral effect produced by the surrender of
Friburg, coupled with the defeat of every attempt of
the Sonderbund to make a diversion in its favour, will
be immense. The following is the article from the
Constitutionral

" We need not dwell on the importance of such an
event such as this first dismemberment of the League.
The surrender of Friburg will permit the General-
in-Chief to concentrate all his troops on Lucerne.
Nor is this success the only one obtained by the

" Messrs. Reniart, of Soleure, Stockmar, of Berne,
and Grivas, prefect of Payerne, are nominated the
Federal Commissioners."
The three Commissioners left for Friburg on the
15th, immediately after the sitting of the Diet.
It has been announced that the Council of State of
Friburg has abdicated] its functions, and that the
Grand Council had met to elect another.
The following are the resolutions which the Diet
is to adopt with respect to all the cantons of the Son-
derbund which shall have yielded to its arms :
" 1. The immediate dissolution of all the rebel
governments, and some measures in all the cantons
occupied by the Federal troops for a prompt paci-
fication.
" 2. The placing of the administration of the oc-
cupied cantons under Federal commissioners, charged
to name, sooner or later, according to the circum-
stances, provisional or definitive governments disposed
to cause the decrees of the Diet to be executed.
" 3. Measures which will ensure in the Catholic
cantons the preponderance of the Federal party."
The Executive Council of Berne, on the 14th, issued
the following bulletin, announcing the surrender of
Friburg, and the defeat of the troops of the Sonder-
bundon the frontiers of Argovia and Zurich.
" BULLETIN.

The National, in an article on the affairs of Italy,
states that the Envoy from the Diet of Switzerland to
the POPE, dispatched for the purpose of entreating his
HOLINESS to withdraw the Jesuits from Lucerne, had
been arrested in the Roman states, and conducted as
a prisoner to the frontier. " Who," asks the National,
"could have given this brutal order ? It could not
have been the POPE, who was absent. It is not Car-
dinal FERRETTI who, notwithstanding the energy of
his character, has not ventured to receive an Envoy
from M. OCHSENDEIN, but who has addressed to him,
through the medium of his brother, the most kind
expressions of interest. The explanation of this oc-
currence is simply this—lt does not suit the Jesuits
of Rome that any one should request of Pius IX. the
recal of the Jesuits of Lucerne, and such is their
influence in 'the Government that they have been
enabled to expel from Rome an accredited diplomatic
agent, and to forbid the POPE himself to listen to the
Envoy of a friendly Government." The article then
alludes to the various recent acts on the part of the
Porz of a retrogade tendency, and comes to the con-
clusion that Pius IX. is coerced and oppressed by his
subalterns, and' compelled to lend the sanction
of his name to those who abuse him, and
whose acts he abhors. " Pius 1X.," con-
tinues the National, " enjoys the barren honour of
reigning, but treason, master of the greater number
of administrative offices, governs in his name. If to
fulfil the engagements entered into with the generous
and loyal population of Rome, Pius IX., assisted by
the lay councillors of his temporal Crown, decrees a
wise law, or reforms an abuse, immediately he is be-
sieged by the clerical league, which demands from
him guarantees against the spirit of innovation, and
imposes on him conditions dictated by its fears."
Such is, according to the National, the present
situation of Pius IX. Let us hope that he will ex-
hibit the same acuteness and the same energy in res-
cuing himself and his subjects from the sacerdotal
tyranny of the Jesuits, that he has in rescuing them
from the military tyranny of Austria. It would,
indeed, be disheartening if, after all he has done, he
were now to stop short in his career, and leave his
country only half regenerated.
The Government is evidently seriously alarmed at
the progress of the spirit of reform, and of course can
devise no better method of quelling it than by erecting
a few more detached forts. We read in the Presse :
" 'There is a serious talk of erecting several inter-
mediary forts between Vanvres and Mont Valerien.
One 'of these forts is to be established in the park of
St. Cloud, near the chateau, on the side,of the plateau
which commands the road to Sevres. Another is to
be constructed on the round eminence which com-
mands Sevres on the opposite side, in a property,
belonging to Madame Delille. A third is to be built
on the esplanade of Meudon, where the old chateau
existed. A fourth is to be constructed at Montre-
tout, the culminating point of the heights of St.
Cloud. These projects appear destined to re-
ceive an early execution. During the last fifteen
days the engineers have been occupied in tracing the
plans and marking out the ground. On Tuesday the
King, accompanied by the Minister of War, by
Marshal Dode de la Brunerie, and by several officers
of engineers, visited and examined the different sites
destined to be occupied by these forts. It is said that
the fort of the park of St. Cloud will be constructed
at the expense of the Civil List. The Chambers will
have to prOvide for the expenses occasioned by the
others."
Mademoiselle DELUZY DESPORTES was set at liberty
on Wednesday.
The Journal des Debats announces the death of
Madame AIME MARTIN, widow Of BERNARDIN DE
ST. PIERRE, the author of Paul et Virginie, at St.
Germain en Laye, in her 68th year.
" SOULEYMAN, who was interpreter to NAPOLEON
when in Egypt, died yesterday (Wednesday) i❑
Paris," says Galignanis Messenger. "He was a
Persian, but attached himself to the fortunes of France,
and rendered invaluable services to her army, when it
was led to the foot of the Pyramids. He lived upon
a pension granted him by the French Government.
He had a wife and children in Persia, to whom he
wished to return, but was refused permission on ac-
count of his conduct in Egypt. The Persian Ambas-
sador, now in Paris, had promised to use his influence
in procuring the assent of his Government to the re-
turn of SOULEYMAN, but death has put an end to all
his hopes."

The body of Count BRESSON has been placed
temporarily in a vault of the church of Notre Dame
de Lorette ; it is to be removed, it is said, to the
department of the Vosges.
Admiral BAUDiN, it is said, has been named Presi-
dent of the Mixed Commission of Public Works, in
place of Admiral PARSEVAL-DESCHENES, and also
appointed. President of the Superior Commission,
charged with the revision of the provisions of the or-
donnance relating to the sea service.
La Flour announces that the French Mediterra-
nean squadron, commanded by the Prince de Jom-
VILLE, was still lying in the bay of La Spezzia on
the 7th instant.
Rear-Admiral BRUAT arrived in Paris on Monday,
with 21 Otaheteian young men, sent to France for
their education.

Just as the post was leaving a telegraphic dis-
patch was received from Madrid, announcing the
opening of the Spanish Cortes on the 15th inst.

The Three per. Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse
on Thursday at 77f. ; the New Loan, 76f. 90c.;
the Five per Cents., 116 f. 50c.; the Orleans Rail-
_ __

road Shares, 1,215 f. ; Rouen, 9201. ; Havre, 5131.
75c.; Great Northern, 5751.; Avignon 575 f.;
Vierzon, 5601.; Bordeaux, 4921. 50c. ; Boulogne,
3701. ; Basle, 171 f. 25c.; Paris and Strasburg, 425 f. ;
Tours and Nantes, 407 f. 50c. ; Paris and Lyons,
411 f. 25c ; Lyons and Avignon, 475 f.; Spanish
Actives, 20i ; Spanish Three per Cents., 28i.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, NOVEMBER 19.
Boulogne and Amiens, IVA ex int.—Namur and Liege'
5-lA—Northern of Frame, 12%—Orleans and Bordeaux, 5 I/2

' LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND.--The interest
excited by this work appears to increase as it approaches
to modern times. The eleventh volume containing the
lives of Mary 11. and Anne, as princess, is full of curious
details. " Amongst all the queens who have shared, or
alone occupied, the throne of England, there is no one
with regard to whose life and actions the peculiar talent
of Miss Strickland is of more value in the elucidation of
the real moving influences of her conduct, than Mary 11.,
wife of William 111. The contemporary portion of the
life of Princess Anne, is also given in a manner which
throws a very striking light upon the development of
those qualities, which, in the future sovereign, became
.so remarkable on her accession to the throne. Biography
is always a captivating study. How Lunch th, n must its
attraction and value be enhanced when it embraces the
private lives of personages so eminent as the sovereigns
of England, and unveils 'the secret influences which have
guided and determined great events, although those
influences were unseen in many cases by c n•empora-
ries."—/Iforning Chronicle.
The Duke and Duchess of Bedford closed their
visit to Viscount Melbourne, at Broeket Hall, Herts,
yesterday, and repaired to Woburn Abbey. The Noble
Duke and Duchess purpose entertaining a large circle of
anguished visitors next week, at the Abbey.

troops of the Diet. In Argau the attempt by the
Sonderbund has not been successful ; the invading
corps were obliged to retreat with a loss of about 200
men. The detachment of Uri, which has gained pos-
session of St. Gothard by surprise, appears in immi-
nent danger. The grave check of the League at
Friburg cannot, besides, fail to produce a powerful
moral effect on the other united cantons; and it is to
be desired that under the influence of the example
which has just been given they may renounce their
culpable struggle, and that the triumph of the law
may prevent the effusion of blood at Lucerne as at
Friburg. But it must be declared that it is not
merely the Sonderbund that has been beaten at
Friburg, but also our Government. Was it not the
latter which, in contempt of the right of nations,
in contempt of true French interests, in contempt of
all its duties towards an allied nation, thought fit to
furnish arms to that warlike resistance which has just
performed such wonders ? Was it not it which,
taking from our arsenals muskets, ammunition, and
cannon, sent them to the insurgents to render the
civil war more deadly ? But fortunately these can-
nons of peace-at-any-price smacked of their origin,
and M. Guizot will gain nothing by the business but
the odium of his attempt. The pacification of the
canton of Friburg suggests a poignant reflection.
When it is seen how easy this pacification has been ;
when, in addition, the disproportion which exists
between the forces of the Confederation and those of
the Sonderbund be taken into consideration, it cannot
be one moment doubted that if foreign Powers had
abandoned the insurgent cantons to themselves, and
had not placed at their service their moral influence,
their arms, and eventual intervention ; it cannot be
doubted, we say, that these cantons would never have
thought of attempting the hazard of war. It must be
loudly declared that foreign Powers could, by the
simple act of abstaining, have prevented all effusion
of blood. They would not do so, and on them must
therefore rest the responsibility of the blood that has
been already shed, and that which will be shed here-
after."

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