The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-13 00:00:00

eight months after the treaty first came into r on retiring from ql—nee, that Minister is the late
operation : I Foreign Seattary, Lord. PALMERSTON.

1. Whether the Treaty was carried completely \
into execution ; if not, in what respects not ?
2. Whether its operation was favourable to
British trade ; if not, in what respects ?
3. How the Treaty operated on the trade of the
subjects of Foreign Powers which had, and those
which had not, concluded similar treaties; and
what advantage or disadvantage the working of
the treaty had produced for British subjects as
compared with the subjects of any foreign Power ?
These queries are very carefully framed, with
a view to obtain the greatest amount of informa-
tion. The answers are dated from the respective
Consulates and Vice-Consulates, as follows :
Alexandria, May 22 ; Bucharest, June 3 ; Con-
stantinople, August 23; Smyrna, August 16;
Adrianople, July 20; Dardanelles, July 26 ;
Salonica, June 16; Erzeroum, July 20; and
Broussa, June 2, all in 1840. Except in Egypt,
where MEHEMET ALI decidedly refused to ad-
mit the treaty, and in the principalities of Wal-
lachia and Moldavia, where British traders were
allowed greater advantages than the treaty gave
them, the opposition made to the carrying the
treaty into effect was far less than was generally
expected. In ,most districts it encountered no
opposition whatever; and where resistance was
offered, it was merely to protect a monopoly in
certain products, in which the Porte had granted
to certain parties a vested interest. Generally
speaking, these reports represent the treaty as
working well, and as placing British merchants
on an equality with the most favoured traders—
those of Russia only excepted. Russia's pecu-
liar and extensive advantages arises from the old
tariff, which has not yet expired ; but when it
has expired, the trade of Russia and that of
other Powers will then be placed on an equal
footing. Mr. CARTWRIGHT, the British Consul-
General at Constantinople, concludes his report
relative to the three questions of inquiry, as
follows :

With reference, therefore, to the concluding passage
of the first inquiry, I am of opinion that the commercial
convention has in its operation been favourable to British
trade, though au immediate great visible effect may not
be expected. A release from the various exactions to
which trade was subjected. and the establishment of
fixed moderate rates of duty on imports, must have
tended to increase the circulation of British manufac-
tures ; and if the local authorities in the interior of the
empire had not in all cases observed the stipulations
with regard to internal duties on articles of Turkish pro-
duce, we may hope that the Porte will proceed to enforce
the execution of them.
It is required to be stated,
2d. How the treaty has operated on the trade of the
sabjects of other Powers which have concluded similar
treaties, and those which have not.

It may on the same grounds be admitted, that the Con-
vention has been proportionately beneficial to the trade
of those Powers which have made similar stipulations.
The subjects of those Governments whia have not
adopted them endeavour, by the means 'adore stated, to
procure the advantages conferred by he Convention, at
the same time preserving those wetich they possess in
virtue of their own treaties. bi:ore activity, or the ab-
sence of venality in the Tu7,:itish fiscal officers, would
check the practice. The Russian traders, no doubt, ex-
perience advantage fr_om the low rates of their tariff of
duties for imports
7.nd exports, and they may be able to
export at a 10,ver charge those articles of produce on
which the internal duties are not high ; but those fa-
voured a: titles are few in number, and comparatively of
little ".mount in the mass of export trade.
he Russian Legation, it is expected, will soon resume
she work of reforming their tariff ; and if it could be
hoped that the stipulations of the commercial convention
would also be adopted by Russia, we might trust that
the few remaining Governments would not hesitate to
conform to them. Those stipulations once generally ac-
knowledged, the execution of them would be facilitated,
and the Porte might be more strongly required to en-
force it.
It is required to be stated,
3. What advantage the working of the treaty has
produced for British subjects, as compared with the sub-
jects of any foreign Power.
The Convention is acknowledged to have been bene-
ficial to British trade, and it Would be a fair conclusion
that British subjects have in an equal degree been bene-
fited by the working of it ; but, as it has been already
stated, the trade between Great Britain and this port
being chiefly in the hands of natives and other foreigners,
the advantage can have been but proportionately enjoyed
by British subjects. The native merchants, whether en-
joying foreign protection or Ottoman privileges, have
facilities and advantages in their commercial arrange-
ments, not dependent on the effect of treaties, or the
supposed unfair means resorted to by them, which will
continue to insure to them the enjoyment of the greatest
portion of the British trade in this port.
Mr. BRANT, the British Consul at Smyrna,
concludes his report in the following words :
It is required to be stated,
2. Whether the operation of the treaty has been
favourable to British trade ; and if not, in what respects
it has been unfavourable?
It having now been shown in what respects the ope-
ration of the treaty has been favourable to British trade,
it may confidently and emphatically be asserted, that in
no respect has it been unfavourable thereto.
It is required to be stated,
3. How the treaty has operated on the trade of the
subjects of other Powers which have concluded similar
treaties; and its effects on the trade of the subject of
those Powers which have not made similar treaties.
With re.. .set to the import trade, the subjects of those
Powers which concluded similar treaties have partici-
pated equally with British subjects in the benefits that
have been derived from the existence of the Convention
of the 16th of August, 1838; their trade having increased
in the same ratio as our own ; and the treaties of those
Powers which have not made similar treaties have been,
and are, forced to obtain the protection of that treaty,
by making use of the names of the subjects of those
which have; for unless they had resorted to this subter-
fuge they could not have continued to carry on their
import trade.
Ia the export trade British subjects enjoy no greater
advantages than the subjects of other Powers which
have made similar treaties ; but the subjects of Russia
(which is now the only Power having commercial rela-
tions with Turkey that has not concluded a similar treaty)
pay from 1/ to 2 per cent. less duty on the exportation
of produce than British subjects. But this difference in
Favour of the former is not a consequence of the conven-
tion of 1838 ; it arises from this fortuitous circumstance,
that the old Russian tariff not having yet expired is still
in force.

An erroneous impression has been entertained, that by '
the convention of 1838 British subjects have been
placed on a less favourable footing with regard to the
duties payable by them OTI goods exported than Russian
subjects. The fallacy of this notion will be obvious when
it is considered that the term of the former British tariff,
calculated on an old and low valuation, having expired,
while the Russian has not, an advantage must be en-
joyed by Russian subjects until the tariff expire and be
reformed ; but it will then necessarily cease, as it is to
be presumed that the rates of any new Russian tariff
will be fixed on the same basis as those lately concluded
between the Powers and the Porte.
In Adrianople the treaty has operated unfa-
vourably, but Mr. KERR, the British Consul there,
regards that place as " an exception to most
other places in Turkey." In the other districts
from whence reports have been made all that
can be said is, that according to their general
tenor the treaty works well so far as it has been
tried. But a great deal, or rather, indeed, nearly
everything, must depend upon the local authori-
ties appointed by the PORTE to superintend the
working of the treaty. Much, too, will depend
upon our having proper men of business to act as
Consuls and Vice-Consuls in the different com-
mercial' ports of Turkey. • It is clear that the
Turks themselves know little or nothing about
commerce, and that they must receive from
the agents of Foreign Powers the knowledge re-
quisite to enable them to carry into effect the
commercial treaties of their own Government.
This shows the great importance of having no
one to represent British interests in Turkey, but
persons of the greatest ability, and above all,
men whose sound and liberal decisions upon all
disputed points shall hereafter reflect credit upon
the British name. We ought not to seek profit
by the ignorance of the Turks. To do so would
be indeed a short-sighted policy. Better estab-
lish that claim to impartial justice to which, as a
mercantile people, we are more entitled than
any other nation on the face of the earth. This
• will serve us in good stead when more dreaded
titles to respect are ridiculed, and when more
pompous claims to national admiration are either
despised or forgotten.
We may observe, in conclusion, that sufficient
time not having elapsed for a fair trial of the ope-
ration of the treaty, Lord PALMERSTON directed
further reports to be addressed to him by the
Consuls and Vice-Consuls, whenever any thing
should occur calculated to throw the smallest
light upon its working. In fact, so far as re-
spects the watching over the interests of British
trade, no Minister ever exceeded Lord PALMER-
STON in vigilance. We have watched his career
carefully and impartially, and we must say that
if any member of the late Cabinet is exclusively
entitled to the gratitude of the:British empire,

The whole of the French journals of Friday
and Saturday have reached us. Nearly all
the Liberal journals oppose the disarmament,

but want of space prevents us from antering to-
day into an examination of the futility of their
objections. The following extracts from them
will be found interesting :

The Pope. at five in the afternoon of the 30th ult.,
arrived at Civita Casteliana, where Cardinal Pianetti,
the Legate of Viterbo, atd several Bishops, were in wait-
ing to receive him. His horses were taken from his
carriage by the people, who drew his Holiness to the
Episcopal Palace, where he alighted with loud accla-
mations.

The banquet to M. Gallait, the painter, and to M.
Debiefve, the sculptor, which was announced by the
Brussels papers, took place on Wednesday. Several
members of the Legislature, and all the artists of note
in the capital, were present. Speeches were made, and
some verses in honour of the two guests were read.
The Toul9nnais has the following from Algiers :
" The inclosed wall at Coleah is being carried on with
great perseverence. The battalion of Foot Chasseurs
has joined the other four battalions, who have been at
work upon it for the last month eight hours a day. Dis-
eases have within the last few days become numerous,
and the hospital at Coleah has already been obliged to
relieve itself by sending upwards of 400 of its sick to
Algiers. Abd-el-Kader has sent numerous emissaries into
the east of Regency, to endeavour to excite the tribes
to rise. Fifteen mounted Spahis, sent from Bona, on
the 16th ult., to make a reconnaissance as far as Cap de
Fer, were driven back into the town, with a loss of three
men and several horses.

" The Belgian Minister of the Interior," says the Com-
merce, " lately applied to the persons engaged in the
cotton-manufacture and trade of Ghent, for their opinion
as to the effect of the admission of cotton goods into
Belgium and France, reciprocally at a duty of 5 to 10 per
cent. They replied that, however formidable the com-
petition of French goods might be, they would accept
with gratitude any measure which should tend to pro-
mote the shipping interest, and augment exchanges with
their neighbours of the south."
Dr. Detmold of Hanover, according to.the Hamburgh
papers, has been condemned to be imprisoned for six
weeks, or to pay a fine of 300 crowns, as the author of
a Memorial to the Germanic Diet against the New Con-
stitution.

A Royal Decree has been issued at Copenhagen, stat-
ing that the Danish Government will not henceforth
send out Ambassadors but on extraordinary occasions,
but will be represented at the Courts .of France, Eng-
land, Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Sweden, and at the
Germanic Diet, by Ministers Plenipotentiary only. At
the capitals of the other Powers, it will have resident
Ministers, Charges d'Affaires, or Consuls-General. •
The new Tariff Bill presented to the American Con-
gress has given rise to the following observations in the
Federal of Geneva :—" This measure is of great interest
to Switzerland, which on an average exports to the
United States manufactured silks, chiefly from the can-
tons of Zurich and Bale, to the value of 12,000,000 f.
annually. These silks are embarked at Havre, and are
received in America as French produce. The news that
this merchandise was to be charged with a duty of 20
per cent., and that, contrary to all usage, this new law
was to be carried into execution almost as soon as it was
passed, has produced a disastrous effect on our trade.
Fortunately the accounts are not correct ; for, in the
first place, it could not be brought into force, as stated,
on the Ist instant, because it has not yet received the
sanction of the Senate ; and, in the next place, because
it is probable that the Senate will not give its assent
without reducing the proposed duty from 20 to 12 per
cent. It is nevertheless true that our commerce and in-
dustry is thus threatened with the loss of one of its
greatest markets, and it is a new burthern on our trade
and manufactures without relief to any other."
A letter from Dresden, of the 4th instant, states that
on the preceding evening, during the performance of a
drama at the national theatre, a young romance writer,
named Gerstenhaye, in a fit of insanitf destroyed him-
self in the lower boxes by discharging the contents of a
pistol at his breast. He died almost immediately. The
performance was suspended for about twenty minutes,
when some persons in the pit called out for the play to
proceed, and the actors went on as if nothing extraor-
dinary had occurred.
A letter from Zurich says:—" Six travellers, M. Du-
chatelet, a young geologist of Nantes ; Professor Agas-
siz, of Zurich ; Professor Forbes, of Edinburgh ; Mr.
Heath, of Cambridge ; Etienne Dessoer, of Liege ; and
Prury•Shod, of Neuembourg, ascended on the 27th ult.
to the highest point of Jungfrau-Horn, a glacier of the
Canton of Berne. They were obliged to cut steps with
their hatchets in the ice. They had six guides with
them, one of whom was a shepherd, eighty years of age,
who had already ascended the mountain three times. On
arriving at the summit, the travellers took some meteo-
rological observations, and planted a flag, on which are
inscribed their names and the date of their ascent,"
The Toulonnais publishes the following private letter
from Algiers of Sept. 1 :
The whole tribe of the Medjehars has declared for
the Bey, Iladji Mustapha Oulid-Osman Bey. Other
tribes having manifested the intention of submitting to

France at the same time, Abd-el-Kader, alarmed at
these desertions, has addressed a proclamation to the
Musselman population, to warn them to be on their
guard against the snares laid for them by the new Bey,
who is supported only by a few hundred infidels, and
who will soon experience the same fate as all the other
Beys appointed by the
General Bugeaud, being informed of this circumstance,
and desiring to give some marked support to the new
Bey, has given orders to the 23d regiment of the line
(which was to return to France), to embark on the 3d of
this month on board the Marengo and Triton, to proceed
to Mostaganem.
The first battalion of the Zowares, commanded by
Captain de Flo, will shortly set out for the same direction.
The line of block-houses between Coleah and the sea
is complete. The ditch is dug to the length of 2,500
yards. An excursion to Churchell is organised ;it will
take place on Sunday the 6th of September. A steamer
will convey the passengers, who will probably be

numerous.
Nourri Effendi, late Ottoman Ambassador at the Court
of the Tuileries, has arrived at Marseilles, on his way to
Constantinople.
The steam-vessels Veloce, Cameleon, Papin, and
Vautour, took their departure from Toulon on Thurs-
day, for Port Vendres. On the preceding day the Dili-
gente advice-boat sailed from the same port for the

Levant.
" Before leaving Brussels," says the Moniteur Parisien,
" for Paris, to negotiate the Treaty of Commerce, the
Belgian Commissioners applied to three principal book-
sellers of Belgium for information on this important
branch of commerce. in order to be prepared to treat with
the French Government upon it, should the question of
the reprinting of the works of each country be brought
into discussion. The chief of one of the three companies
in possession of re-impressions is said to have been dele-
gated to come to Paris, and assist the Commissioners on
this point."
The Glom& dale Due Sicilie, 28th ult., contains the
Ministerial appointments :—Don Joseph Lanza Prince
of Travia, Counsellor of State, to be Minister Of Public
Worship, with a salary of 6,000 ducats ; Don Fernand()
Ferry, President of the Court of Accounts, to be Minis-
ter of Finances, with the same salary. The salary of
the Duke de Lorenzano, Minister of State without a
portfolio, is raised from 2,400 to 3,600 ducats. Several
other Ministers of State without portfolios are named
and are to have votes in the Council.
On-the 7th inst., the members of the Scientific Con-
gress of France paid a visit from Lyons to Vienne, in
the Sirius, and another steamer. Between 600 and 700
persons embarked, and the band of the 29th regiment
enlivened the party on the voyage. On arriving at
Vienne, after a run of only an hour and twenty minutes,
the Members of the Congress were received, under a
triumphal arch, by the Sub-Prefect and other authorities,
and conducted to a fine avenue of trees, on the banks of
the Rhone, where a splendid breakfast had been pre-
pared for them. After breakfast they visited all the
curiosities and manufacturing establishments of Vienne,
and at two o'clock sat down to dinner with the au-
thorities and principal inhabitants of Vienne, in the
Champs de Mars. At four o'clock the Members of the
Congress embarked, on their return to Lyons, under a
parting salute of cannon.
We learn from Blois that, a few days since, during a
violent storm of hail, which ravaged the country for
some extent, the phenomenon was observed that the hail,
which spread over an extent of twenty kilometres, or
twelve miles, came from only one small cloud, the.rest of
the sky being perfectly clear.
The Quotidienne gives the following :—" A person
named Girard and his wife established a cafe at Lyons
some years ago, on the Place Bellecour. One of the
customers having noticed a great resemblance to Marie
Antoinnette in the countenance of Madame Girard, men-
tioned it to others, and at length Madame Girard, who
is a very handsome woman, was induced to adopt the
costume of Marie Antoinette, and her cafe was con-
stantly crowded. This resemblance to the unfortunate
Queen has been ruinous to Madame Girard, for the po-
lice, alarmed at the crowds who frequented the cafe,
have driven M. and Madame Girard from their esta-
blishment.
" A duel with pistols," says the Independant of Brus-
sels, " took place on Sunday last, near Menin and
Ahluin, between two officers, the Baron de Noe, Captain
of Hussars, and son of the Count de Noe, Peer of France,
and a Sub-Lieutenant of Hussars, in consequence of a
quarrel at the Camp of Compiegne. The Baron had his
arm dreadfully fractured, and was removed to Ahluin
for medical aid. His adversary, who was slightly wounded
in the aide, immediately returned to Compiegne."
BOURSE—PARIS, SATURDAY, SEPT. 11.
first
Price Price. Pric. Price
Highest Lowest Last
French 5 per Cent!, ex. div. 114 70 .. 114 70 1,4 55 ... 114 70
Latfitte Bank 1:061,): ***********
4 Per Cents ** 97 SO • 97 80 5,7 80 ... _918.1
3 per Cent.,,******** " :7 80 77 80 77 70 .
Bank of France * 260
vie 5260 .....3260
Shares :09.1 —5090 ...WS() ...OM
Belgian Bank
... 77 770
Roman... ....... ........ ******
Belgian 5 per Ce.TZ ***********inssN law .. 103 3.4
a tier Cents., ** ** 104% ... 104% ... 104%
3 Per Cents.. ** 71 40 71 40 ... 71 40 ... 71 40
Spanish Active ****** *******
`21(1 'l24'
1130 :1025 ...I0 5
**************** 105 S 1 ... 105 30 ... 195 ,05 30
SHARES
****RAILWAY
Versailles, La..... 20, 205 •203 75 205
8......: ********** 50 307 59 ... 307 50 ... 307 50
Rouen ******* """ **** 0 450 45,1 ... 450
Strasburg topiale,sh"
a.ie.;;ti 243 75 . 245 ... 243 75 ... 245

Walnuts are very plentiful this season ; they are
selling in and near Hereford at from 4d. to 6d. per 100.
,
Bristol Mercury.
In the garden of a tailor named Griffith, residing
at Glanrafon, in Bangor, twelve large apples are growing
upon one small shoot
which was grafted on the tree
about two years ago.— Wales Independent.