The Sun.
London, England, 1847-01-02 00:00:00

ViA iRIiTk.

INDIA.
(From the Times.)
We have been favoured with a, copy of the Bombay
Times, of the 2d of December, from which we make
the following extracts :
The past fortnight has proved an unusually barren
one in intelligence. The insurrection in Cashmere
is now fairly over ; the Sheik Etnaun-ood-Deen sur-
rendered himself into our hands on the 31st of Octo-
ber, and the troops advancing on the lately dis-
turbed country were immediately ordered to return
to quarters.
Sir John Littler's forces commenced
their retrograde movement on the 4th, and
reeelled Lahore on the 12th; the General himself
having quitted them on the march and proceeded
to Loodiana. The troops sent from Ferozepore
to occupy for a time the Seikh capital moved out on
theo 9th, and took their way in the direction of the
'etle..l. The brigade of Colonel Wheeler were at
Seculkote, in the Jullundur Doab, on the 10th. The
liloult cn misunderstandings seem fully arranged, and
there appears every reason to believe that the provi-
sions of the Treaty of Umritsir will be satisfactorily
carried out, and our army within our own dominions
by January, 1847—a triumphant answer to the cen-
surers of the pacific policy now for the first time tried
in India, and likely to be gloriously successful.
Singe continues quiet; Rumours are rife of the
immediate retirement of Sir C. Napier from office.
According
12
his stay
to one account he will quit Kurrachee on
the 12th of December; ecember ; according to another he will
extend
till March ; no one expects that he
will remain till the approach of the hot season. The
rumour znenticned in our last, that the messengers
bearing letters to her son from the mother of Meer
Shandad had been pursued, arrested, and stripped of
their dispatches, by order of the Governor, after he
had given them a safe conduct to Surat, proves authen-
tic. This most extraordinary proceeding is supposed
to have been resorted to with a view of
discovering some matters in the letters of a parent
Which might criminate the son and help to eke out
that singular species of justification of the conquest
of %tide supposed to be contained in the blackening
of the character of the Ameers ! The climate within
the Delta continued cool and healthy, but at Sukkur
considerable sickness prevailed. Three companies of
artillery, one regiment of cavalry, and five of in-
fantry, are about to be withdrawn from the country,
leaving still behind a force of about 15,000 men.
When the expedition, 13,000 strong, moved on Ba-
bawulpore in February, 9,000 were sent from
13ombay to join them or supply their places : none of
these have hitherto been withdrawn. The Bengal
forces which returned to Upper India were about
6,500 strong. The local corps having been doubled,
left a force, which still remains on the Indus,
of nearly 24,000 men. By the proposed re-
duction of betwixt 7,000 and 8,000, it will still
remain 16,000 strong. At this it stood when
the Parliamentary returns showing that the country
cost us nearly 1,000,000/. a year were made
11P ; from November, 1845, to November, 1846, the
military charges must have been nearly doubled : the
balance required to be drawn from India will now
once more fall back to about 1,0001. a year. The
Five per Cent. Loan, which this fearful drain has
created, is filling up slowly, and one of six per cent,
is talked of. The late Ministry are said to have
been favourable to the restoration of the Ameers.
The Whigs are restrained from this by the order
of the Duke of Wellington, who backs out Lord
unlessnnborough and the Napiers in all things ; and,
_nless Parliament interfere, a few years hence the
finances of India may furnish an excuse for the
increase, as they did in 1842 for the imposition of
the income-tax. The Governor-General had by latest
accounts reached Loodiana on his way to the Jullun-
dur Doab. The Commander-in-Chief had not yet
quitted Simla. The Governor of Madras was on his
Way back from Bangalore to the Neilgherry Hills. The
Governor of Bombay has returned to the presidency ;
as also has Sir T. M`Mahon. At the recommenda-
tionG of the Court of Nizamut Adawlut, the Deputy-
so overnor of Bengal has remitted the fine and impri-
_ Moulmein
ordered to be inflicted on the editor of the
Aftasosueirhn mein Chronicle by the Commission of the Te-
Provinces. The new Minister at Hyder-
abad, in the Nizam's dominions, has given much satis-
faction by the manner in which he has commenced
his career. His salary is 30,0001. a year, independent
of as much more in the shape of perquisites of office !
India generally is quiet and contented ; trade is
dull, and money scarce.
Up to the hour of going to press the steamer with
the London mails of the 24th of October, due since
the 27th ult., had not arrived, and her absence had
begun to create considerable uneasiness.

serious interruption to business. The Marwarrce dealers
am donni th,St' mblinz trAnsactions, and
,•‘• ti.;:lalr largo PA

-
beta , ,
Metals—A lair amount of business has been done in
these during the past fortnight. Sales have taken place
in Swedish bar of 300 tons at 49ir., and of 200 tons
ditto at 50ir. per candy, which prices exhibit a slight
decline on our last quotation. British bar has not
fluctuated in value. Hoop and nails are also without
change. Square nail rod has been disposed of at 47r. per
candy, which is an 21.iVIVCe on former rates of 2r. to 3r.
per candy. For round nail rod 45r. per candy are now
offered. In Spelter, we are informed of a sale of 3 000
cwt. at 11r. per cwt., being Ir. below last quotation.
The stocks of copper on band are very light, but this
article attracts little or no attention, and prices may be
said to have undergone a slight decline. The offers for
Soul h American (select parcels) are not above 48r. to
49r. per cwt., and for inferior slabs considerably less ;
but we hear of no sales.
Cotton Manufactures—The prices for piece goods have
generally ruled lower than they were, but the firmness
on the part of holders has prevented any great decline.
No demand ci.n be said to exist for any particular kind
of fabrics in the present depressed state of the market.
Grey domestics 45 to 50 in. continue to be saleable, but
do not more than realise cost, Low grey jaconets and
madapollams have been sold to some extent, but at mi-
serable prices. We also hear of a large sale of 45 in.
grey shirtings at sr. 7a. to 6r. 6a. Lappets, and in-
deed almost every description of fancy goods, are quite
neglected.
Cotton Yarns—The market for Twist is extremely
dull. Nos. 20 and 30 mule are inquired for, but at a re-
duction of to a anna per lb. upon the prices quoted in
our last. The higher numbers of mule are quite neg.
lected. No. 40 may be valued at Ba., No. 50 at
No. 60 at 10a., No. 70 at 101 a. A large sale of No. 20
water twist haS been made during, the fortnight of very
inferior quality, at 6ist. per lb.
Woollens—Sales are reported to us of 475 yards drab
cloth, 56 in., at 2r. 2a.; and 1,170 yards fine blue and
drab cloth, 62 in., at 4r. Ba. We also hear that large
sales have been effected in inferior qualities of scarlet,
and At extremely low prices.
Marine Stores—No change has taken place in the
prices of these, nor have we heard of any transactions.
Beer—A sale of Allsopp's has been made at 65r. per
hogshead, andls hogsheads of Hodgson's have been dis-
posed of at 60r. per hogshead.
Spirits—Sales have taken place in French Brandy (in
wood) at rs. 3-2-0 to 3-4-0 per gallon ; in English
Brandy of good quality (in wood) at 3 rs. per gallon ;
and also in Gin at 2 rs. to 2i rs. per gallon.
Saffron—A sale is reported to us of 7001 b. (inferior)
at 8 rs. per lb., and some of this article damaged has
been disposed of at 5 rs. per lb. Good quality is scarce.
Cochineal—This article continues in good demand,
and stock on hand is very light. Prices have an upward
tendency, and we now quote an advance an former prices.
A sale has taken place of silver at 4 rs. per lb.

LITERATURE.

p.ivor s corm.w4l. EMPIRE, on
its Coionies and Dependencies. B' Charles Pridh,int.
_Esq., 8.A., ER.G.S. Vol. I. The Mauritius and

its Dependencies.
The author of this volume has undertaken a gigan-
tic task. He proposes to give the history of past and
present of all the British Colonies, to enter minutely
into the statistics of each Colony, and by bringing
together from every available source, every species of
information relating to the subject of which he treats,
to produce a work that shall "accurately describe
the components of an Empire, that considered
in any point of view is as unrivalled for
its grandeur and its fame as for the spirit
of wisdom and justice, by which its affairs are
administered." Such a work has long been a desidera-
tum, and judging from the manner in which Mr.
Pridham has performed that portion of his task,
which relates to the Mauritius and dependencies,
treated of in the volume now under consideration,
we are inclined to the opinion that the task eould
not have been undertaken by any one more able or
more willing to do full justice to the subject. He
opens with a description of the geographical position
and extent of the Mauritius, and then gives a minute
account of its history down to the close of 1845 ; the
last incident narrated being the joint attack upon
Tamatave by the French and English. From Mr.
Pridham's account, it would appear, that for the
hostility of the Ovahs, we are indebted to the
entente cordiale the Ovahs finding the English so
constantly aiding, or, at all events permitting, French
aggression, naturally confounded the commerce-
loving English with the conquest-loving French,
and we have suffered accordingly from keep-
ing bad company. Sir W. Gomm, after the at
tack on Tamatave, ordered a survey of the whole
coast to be made :
_ _

" In one of his descents, the English officer was met
in a deprecatory tone by the Ovahs, who assured him
that it was far from their intention to insult or oppress
the English, and that they would never have experienced
such treatment had they not conceived that his country-
men bad combined with the French, who had always
sought to overthrow their independence, in a design fur
the subjugation of the island."
It would, perhaps, be as well :that the disposition of
the Ovahs towards England should be tested, and
that, if found friendly, a treaty should be entered
into with them, and, if necessary, British protection
extended to them. This is the more necessary when
we bear in mind the disposition to aggression which
the French have constantly exhibited ever since the
Island of Bourbon was restored to them. An in-
stance of this spirit of encroachment is given by Mr.
Pridham. The Island of Amsterdam and St. Paul's
have always been considered as dependencies of the
Mauritius :

" Recently, however, some merchants of Bourbon,
sensible of their value as fishing stations, and knowing
that the surrounding seas abounded in cod of the best
quality (they having caught, with a limited supply of
labour, 1,200 fish daily, and expecting, with their pre-
sent means, to increase their catch to 2,000, and thus
supply the Bourbon market with salt cod, the principal
food of the negroes in that colony), induced the Go-
vernor of Bourbon to declare these isles dependencies of
that island, and have occupied them with a number of
negroes, who are superintended by Europeans, that are,
in their turn, directed by a Pole. This person has had
the effrontery to forbid British and American vessels
from fishing in the neighbourhood, and assumed the
protection of French colours. The conduct of the Go.
vernor of Bourbon has, it is true, been censured by the
Minister of Marine, and the permission to use the na-
tionel flag has been withdrawn, the style being changed,
and a blue edging been substituted; but those who are
familiar with the history of French aggression, from the
time of their intrigues in Acadia to the present day, will
not fail to remember that they ever make the acts of in-
dividuals the cloak of national aggrandisement, for the
quasi claim of the former being permitted to become
prescriptive by lapse of time, is presently superseded by
that of the nation, which cannot so well be resisted.
The design of the Governor of Bourbon in seizing on an
island of so little importance would be incomprehensible,
did not the recent movements of France to recover her
lost ground in this ocean furnish a key to the mystery.
I apprehend also that the honour of Great Britain is as
much compromised by this intrusion, trivial as it may
appear, as it would be in a case where the stake was
greater, nor is it a mark of foresight to permit any other
than her own people to occupy islands which will be-
come yearly of greater importance, as the trade with
our Australian possessions is augmented."

Having given the history of the island, Mr. Prid-
ham next proceeds to treat of the manners and cus-
toms of the inhabitants. He then enters minutely
into the physical history of the island, its Zoology,
Botany, Geology, and climate and diseases.
He then treats at great length of its agricul-
ture and its commerce, of its ports and har-
harbours, and lastly of its government and literature.
The concluding chapter is devoted to the history of
the Dependencies of the Mauritius, including the
Seychelles group, Rodriguez and several other smaller
islands, of the importance of the possession of the
Mauritius to the English, and of the value set upon
it by the French to re-possess it, some idea may be
formed from the following passage from the great
work of Abbe Raynal, who says " policy foresees
that if the Isle of France (the Mauritius) were aban-
doned (by the French), the English would drive all
foreign nations out of the seas of Asia, and would
possess themselves of all the riches of those vast
countries. " That the French ardently desire
to re-possess themselves of this island is openly
avowed by many of their political writers,
and that some of the old French colonists
bear but an unwilling allegiance to England
cannot be denied. But these colonists are utterly
powerless. A noble act of justice has secured to us
the possession of the Mauritius. The emancipated
negro and Indian population, are to a man, thoroughly
and completely loyal to England, because it is only
by the maintenance of English supremacy, that negro
and Indian liberty can be secured. With the follow-
ing extract, in which this subject is fully discussed,
we must conclude our notice of this work. One of
the few published during the course of 1846, which
must become a stock work of reference and authority—
" If there be any external cause of alarm from any
power in the world, as respects the tenure of our Indian
empire (which may reasonably admit of doubt) it must
arise from France alone. If she were in possession of
this island, and her squadrons could escape from blockade
in Europe, or from an intercepting fleet on the passage
and further elude the observation of the Cape squadron,
or overpower it by its superior force and reach the Mau-
ritius, the fleet might be here recruited, and be detached
on predatory excursions (as before) against British com-
merce, or eluding the Indian squadrons, burst on some
part of the extensive coasts of the peninsula, and landing
troops unite with the disaffected Mussulman. But this
hypothesis being reversed, and the obstacles we have
mentioned being only in part removed, while the advan-
tage to be derived from the possession of the Isle of
France should be in the hands of a rival, such an at-
tempt would be indeed hopeless; for granting that Bour-
bon might prove commodious enough (supposing the
difficulties above mentioned to have been overcome) for
the purpose of temporary refreshment, yet it possesses
no port of refuge in tempestuous weather, and could
afford no adequate protection to a fleet which would be
soon attacked by the divisions of several squadrons.
There is little difficulty, moreover, in perceiving that
even these advantages would be denied it ; for the Bri-
tish Government, from its possessing a monopoly of the
earliest channels of intelligence, would immediately dis-
pose of the question in the event of a war by assuming
the offensive, for which they would be greatly favoured
by their occupation of the Mauritius, and direct an at-
tack against the remaining possessions of France in these
seas, and against such an attack the French have no
effectual means of resistance. Under such circumstances
the situation of a French fleet from Europe (again as-
suming that it would escape the dangers of the passage)
would excite mingled contempt and pity rather than ap-
prehension. Bereft of all means for refitment, where
such means could be readily obtained, without a port,
from which it could derive protection against the ele-
ments, or defend itself in case of an attack, after a steam
or sailing voyage of several thousand miles, such a fleet,
with its weary and despairing crews, would become the
prey rather than the assailant of the first British squa-
dron it might encounter.
" It has been lately urged, that, in the event of an at-
tack on this island by France, no dependence can be
placed on the loyalty and fidelity of the French popula-
tion ; but, assuming this to be correct, that population,
compared with the other inhabitants, is only as MO-
twelfth, and of that a considerable portion has been de-
tached from any connexion with the chimerical views
entertained by an insatiable clique, of the prospect of this
island ever reverting to France in the event of a war, by
the judicious and conciliatory conduct of the Govern-
ment. Of late years British-born subject, both as
planters and merchants, have been gradually increasing
in wealth, numbers, and influence ; while the negro and
Indian population are to a man in favour of a govern-
ment on whom alone they are dependent for protection ;
the slightest semblance, therefore, of treason, from what
quarter soever originating, would meet with the most
condign punishment. Perhaps in none of the British
colonies can any class or section of a community be found
more in the power of a government, for good or evil,
than the French population of the Mauritius.
" Admitting, then, that many parts of the coast are
assailable, yet the difficulties of a march in such a coun-
try, coupled with the impediments arising from the at-
tacks of the vast irregular army that might be almost
instantly assembled, would prove next to insuperable ;
while an effectual resistance could be offered by the capi-
tal, till such time as assistance could arrive. But fur-
ther, assuming that by some fortuitous circumstance, at
present out of the reach of possibility, France could
snake herself master of this island, such mastery would
in the very nature of things prove but temporary, from
her inability (unless she continued to hold the maritime
supremacy in this ocean) to subsist her troops, the island
being dependent on Madagascar for the supply of the
commonest necessaries.
" With respect to recent French aggressions in these
seas, it may be observed, that their aim, would appear
to be to secure a footing (which they do not at present
possess) on the main island of Madagascar, and by
creating divisions among the natives to acquire a terri-
tory in the tropics, which may compensate them for
those in which they have betn supplanted. Their pre-
sent possessions are Bourbon, Nossi Beh, and St. Mary's
off the eastern coast of Madagascar, and Mayotta, and

THE PIJ NJAUB.
?slitters connected with the arrangements of the Go-
vernor-General, in reference to the Punjaub, proceeded
most auspiciously, and there seems every reason to hope
that the peaceful policy contemplated will be carried out
in the spirit of the original treaty. We had scarcely
gone to press with our overland summary of the 16th
ultimo when letters reached us from Sir John Littler's
eamp, intimating that the troops advancing on Cashmere
had received directions to retrace their steps. The in-
surgent leader had surrendered, and the insurrection was
at an end. Colonel Lawrence, who had quitted Lahore
on the 15th of October, had gone forward with the Seikh
forces from Lahore and Jamoo, now united, and they
were at the town of Kojote on the 30th of October.
This is within the pass, and considerably ahead of the
difisions under Sir J. Littler and Brigadier Wheeler.
here the raja to whom the town and district belOnged
came in to make his peace with us. The Sheik Emaum-
ood-Deen had actually quitted Cashmere on the 23d of
October, the day originally named by him. Captain
Edwardes, having been sent out to meet him, received
him close to the Peer Punjul Pass on the 31st. The
news having been immediately transmitted to Colonel
Lawrence, the order already referred to was issued to the
army in the rear the very day of the surrender ; it
reached Lahore by express on the 2d, and was generally
promulgated on the 3d. Captain Edwardes joined the
Seikh camp with his charge on the Ist of November,
when it was intimated that the insurgent leader was in
keeping of the British agent. This is said to have con-
siderably displeased the Jamoo chief, who would most
likely have desired to deal with his enemy, in considera-
tion of the trouble he had occasioned, in a manner some •
What different from that considered most befitting in
English eyes. The tidings of the surrender of the Sheikh
reached Brigadier Wheeler at Bheembur, and here he
halted on receiving them; when he retraced his steps to the
right bank of the Chenab, and encamped there on the 4' la
of November. The troops belonging to Sir J. Littler's
force which had not crossed the river were ordered to
stand fast—those that had croased were directed to re-
cross. On the afternoon of that day a divisional order
was issued, thanking the troops for the excellent service
they had done, and intimating that there was no further
occasion to proceed. The march backward to Lahore
immediately commenced, and the troops were once more
in their old cantonments on the 12th. Sir John Littler
had quitted them on the march, and gone to Loodiana.
They had enjoyed uniform good health throughout, and
been most abundantly provided with all sorts of supplies.
The beauty of the country through which they had
passed was the subject of universal admiration; and the
prospect of return to the heat, dust, dirt, and imprison-
ment at Lahore, was regarded with anything but com-
placency by those who, before tasting the freedom and
beauty of the mountains on the confines of Cashmere,
had endured without a murmur the privations of which
anticipation occasioned alarm. On the 9th the troops
dispatched from Ferozepore temporarily to occupy
the place of those sent out under Sir J. Littler began
their return march to their own quarters. Colonel
Wheeler's brigade proceeded to the Jullundur Doab, and
had reached Seculkote on the loth, Colonel Lawrence,
on the surrender of the Sheikh, detained part of the
Seikh troops within the pass while he himself crossed
into Cashmere to examine into the causes of the insur-
rection, and see to the redress of existing grievances, if
any such there were within reach of remedy, now that,
open violence was put down. He had reached his desti-
nation without molestation or annoyance. Thus all
proceeds smoothly and swimmingly, with every prospect
of the prophets of evil proving evil prophets. The much
censured Treaty of Umritsir appears likely to be worked
out without interruption or trouble. The clouds have
vanished from the political sky, and the winter of our
discontent has become once more glorious summer to
the lovers of peace and tranquillity. The great indis-
cretion of leaving the Lahore Durbar in possession of
the countries betwixt the Sutlej, the Beeas, and the
Indus, may yet come to be confessed by those who cen-
sured it most
for India. most, a consummation as generous as desirable

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
THE BOMBAY MARKET.
(From the Chamber of Commerce Overland Price Current.)
BOMBAY, DEC. I.—Since the departure of last mail
our market for imports has continued in a very de-
pressed state. The sales of the past fortnight are limited
in amount, and prices generally exhibit a , considerable
reduction upon those current a few weeks ago : this
state of things has been caused entirely by the gambling
bargains in opium, to which we alluded in our last issue,
and until the result of the Government sale of opium,
which was to take place on the 30th ult. at Calcutta,
becomes known here we cannot but have commercial
distrust amongst the native mercantile community, aid

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 2, 1847.

some other islands of the Comoro group on the north-
west coast. The last possession has not, however, as yet
been recognised by Great Britain, and measures are
said to hav:-.
demand inquiry. Though Mayotta can be of little
benefit to France for the purposes of aggressive or even
defensive warfare, it is useful by its position in relation
to Madagascar for the conduct of intrigues, and gives
her the command of the Mosambique Channel.

RAIL WAYS; their Rise, Progress, and Construction.
With Remarks on Railway Accidents, and Proposals for
their Prevention. By Robert Ritchie, F.R.5.5.A.,6-c.
This is a complete history of the art of railway
making from the first rude attempts at constructing
"stone wheel tracks" up to the present time. The
author goes into minute details as to the construction
of every variety of rail and of every species of loco.
motion—discusses the merits of the different species
of sleepers--enters elaborately into the comparative
merits of the gauges, and comments at length on the
advantages and disadvantages of the atmospheric
system of propulson. His classification of railway
accidents according to their causes is judicious, and
his suggestions for th4ir prevention are worthy of
consideration. His volume is, in fact, a resume of all
that is known at present on the subject of railway
construction and locomotion ; and whoever wishes to
be au niveau des connoisances actuelles as regards rail-
way engineering should attentively peruse-Ritchie on
railways.

THE BRITISH ALMANAC AND COMPANION

FOR 1847.

This valuable annual still keeps up its high cha-
racter. The Companion contains a vast amount of
valuable information on the Legislative statistics and
public improvements of 1846. The article on the
Progress of Education in England is well written
and well timed ; and Mr. Knight has conferred an
obligation on all those who take an interest in the
subject, by his judicious condensation of such a vast
amount of information in so small a compass.

HER MAJESTY'S NEW YEAR'S

GIFTS TO THE POOR OF WINDSOR.

WINDSOR, FRIDAY.--Her Majesty and his Royal
Highness Prince Albert; accompanied by the Royal
Family, walked from the Castle to the New Riding
School, in the Home Park, this morning, between nine
and ten o'clock, for the purpose of witnessing the inter-
esting ceremony of the presentation of the royal bounty
to upwards of 700 of the poor of Windsor, and also the
poor of the parish of Clewer residing within the limits of
the borough. The Queen and the Prince were also ac-
companied by their Royal Highnesses the Duke and
Duchess, Prince George, and Princess Mary of Cam-
bridge, his Serene Highness the Prince Frederic of
sblao Dukecl, off e somedb appearedy
ot. j t
Hesse, the Earl and Countess of Lincoln, Lady Caroline
r
Leveson Gower, and the other distinguished visitors at
the Castle. The Marchioness of Douro, the Duchess of
Sutherland, the Hon. Misses Kerr and Paget, the Earl
of Listowel, the Hon. Colonel Phipps, Colonel Bouverie,
Mr. G. E. Anson, Major-General Bowles, &c., were in
attendance upon her Majesty. The Duke of Cambridge
was attended by Baron Knesebeck, and her Royal High-
ness by Lady Augusta Cadogan.
Her Majesty, the Prince Consort, the Duchess of
Cambridge, and other members of the Royal Family,
occupied the Queen's Gallery, at the east end of the
building, which afforded an excellent view of the inter-
esting proceedings.
plum
in
Hughes thed a
rCambridge,to
takea. cpcuomdpi
nl accompanied
greatnr
and(giei
e (manufactured
interest
meanbrr.
uer syei a
at
Henry
taftheeeu nrtthe
Prince
de
piles .
Riding-school,
George,idTdai hmnegs and
vhneodfl i
(supplied
mountains
andp
of
) by Mr. Tull and Mr. Phillips) which were displayed
upon long tables, flanked by hundreds of quartern loaves,
in the centre of the building. The blankets, flannel, and
red cloaks were ranged upon tables along the north and
south sides of the Riding-school.
The Dowager Lady 1i) ttleton was in attendanZe upon
the juvenile branches of the Royal Family.
Nearly 500 families were each supplied with meat,
bread, and plum .pudding, and one cwt. of coals, the
article of fuel having been obtained by them by means
of tickets issued on the preceding day. 140 pairs of
blankets were also given away, besides a liberal quantity'
of warm winter cloaks and flannel. Several sacks of
potatoes were likewise included in the royal gifts to the
poor.
The recipients of her Majesty's bounty (the distribu-
tion of which was superintended by Mr. J. J. Bed-
borough, the mayor ; the clergy, magistrates, parochial
authorities, and the ladies of the Windsor Visiting So-
ciety) entered by the western door of the Biding-school,
proceeding along the centre, where the supplies were
handed to them, and retired at the eastern entrance, be-
neath the Queen's Gallery ; each, as they walked up
the building laden with their gifts, respectfully acknow-
ledging to the Queen her Majesty's kind benevolence.
Her Majesty appeared to be much pleased with the
gratifying scene.
The Prince Consort and several members of the Royal
Family tasted the plum-pudding, and declared it to be
excellent.

The tables (containing the provisions), the chandeliers,
and the side gas branches, were profusely decorated with
laurel and evergreens from the royal gardens ; the whole
having been arranged under the superintendence of Mr.
Norton, the clerk of the kitchen, agreeably to the sug-
gestions of Major-General Bowles, the ntster of the
Household. The interior of the Queen's gallery was
tastefully ornamented with laurel and holly displayed in
various emblematical devices. Two flags, one embla-
zoned with the royal arms, and the other with the
armorial bearings of the Prince Consort, were displayed
from the Leaping-bar, nearly in the centre of the riding-
school.
The issuing of tickets for ale upon this occasion, as
upon the last, was dispensed with, it having been con-
sidered politic by her Majesty's domestic chaplain and
the Rev. Mr. Gould, that ale should not again be given
away to the objects of the Queen's bounty.
At the conclusion of the interesting proceeilings, which
Poccupiedcaobnosuotr
whiot
hu r
tahnedi r a
rohyaalfl;
at hoe Queen
ddi a
tin
ga
on
ids
ht he e
d
visitors and their attendants, returned to the Castle.

FOUR YOUNG MEN DROWNED.
An inquest was taken before Mr, Whitmarsh on
Tuesday last, at Allcannings, on view of the bodies of
ry r,, _1 ; :11iata Page, 19 j .1 a
of age; Francis Cowdry, 18 years of age; and Stephan
Green, 18 years of age, who came by their death under
the following circumstances:—these young men were of
fine stature, and averaged nearly six feet Each.
It appeared from the statement of Stephen Shipman
(the survivor), who is between 17 and 18 years of age,
that on Sunday last, about six o'clock, he and the above
unfortunate individuals left Allcannings for a walk,
when they went to Stanton St. Bernard, which is a mile
and a half off. They proceeded by the Kenneth and
Avon Canal, and at times walked on the ice, till they
reached Stanton, where they remained a while, and left
at half-past eight to return home. About a quarter of'
a mile from Stanton, on their way back, as they were
all walking upon the canal, the ice broke, when they
fell into the water. All was silence directly, and witness
saw no more of his companions. In sinking, he caught
hold of the edge of some old ice, and remained for some
time in this position, till at last with much difficulty he
raised one leg on the ice, and after much delay and great
effort he was enabled to get up the other, and then he
crawled to the bank ; but it was some time before he
could stand, being so cold and weak. Afterwards he
went to Allcannings, which he reached about 10 o'clock,
and gave information of what had taken place. Their
friends and relations immediately went to the spot, where
they saw the hats of the deceased on the water, and re-
turned for the morning, when the bodies were taken out
of the canal. Henry Withers was found in an uprighi
position, and his hair was frozen to the top of the ice.
Verdict, " Accidentally drowned."
All were unmarried men. They had, we understand,
been to the house of Thomas Broomham, at Stanton,
where they drank six quarts of beer between them, but it
is stated that they left sober.
The following is from a correspondent:—
On Sunday night last, five young men, of the parish
of Allcannings, returning from Stanton, were rash
enough to venture on the canal, the ice of which is daily
broken by the barges. Still they went upon it, whether
to slide or merely to cross the water is not known, and
were instantly immersed, and soon sank to rise no more.
One of the party, however, escaped, through the mercy
of God, after struggling for about an hour, and by the
help of the masses of ice around him, finally reached
the shore. What overwhelming sorrow to the families
of these deceased youths this fearful visitation has occa-
sioned may too easily be conceived. Nor should the
voice of God, here admonishing the young, both of the
uncertainty of life and of the value of each returning
Sabbath, be speedily forgotten.—Devizes Gazette.

COURT CIRCULAR
WINDSOR, FRIDAY.—Sir John Hobhouse took his
departure from the Castle to-day.
The Queen had a dinner party to-day :wt the Castle.
The company included her Royal Highness. the Duchess
of Kent, their Royal Highnesses the Duke sand Duchess
of Cambridge, their Royal Highnesses I' since George
and the Princess Mary, his Serene Iligi'Lness Prince
Frederic of Hesse, the Duchess of Sutb erland, and
Lady Caroline Leveson Gower, the Lady in Waiting of
the Duchess of Kent, the Lady in W.ai ting of the
Duchess of Cambridge, the Baroness de Speth, the Earl
and Countess of Lincoln, the lion. Ladly Lytteltun,
Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps, Ca pts tin Francis
Seymour, and Baron Knesebeck.
The band of the Soots Fusilier Guards att SI ided during
Vis-
countess Forbes and Mr. Vaughan,
dinner.
Her Majesty had an evening party. 113 e following
had the honour of receiving invitations —The
Colonel and Lady Emily Lady' Waterpark,
Lord James Murray, General and Lady Isab e Ila Wemyss,
Henry Ashley, Mr. G. E. and the Hon. Mi Anson, the
the two Misses Neville, Mr.S
ton, Sir George and Lady Coupes, Miss
Dean of Windsor, and Lady Charlotte Neville Grenville,
Couper, Hon.
ea)nndoLur,adyHGone.o Mri;ri.nstanEduMllarrsi
Miss Lyttelton, Miss Pole Carew, Mr. and Ors. Harcourt
(of St. Leonard's), Mr. Ralph Neville, 1,4 LP., Rev. Dr.
Hawtrey (Provost of Eton), and Mrs. I I odgson, Mr.
Glover, the
Commanding Officer of the First Life Guards,
and the Commanding Officer of the Scots Fu sillier Guards.
Her Majesty and his Royal Highness the 4,Prince Con-
sort, and their illustrious guests, were on t ,his, the first,
evening of the new year, entertained with Itacine's tra-
gedy of Athalie, which was recited in a vei ry impressive
manner by Mons. Brosseur, the Professor 0 f Literature
and the French Language at the King's iColltge and
the Charter House. The lyric portion of lls is fine com-
position was most effectively performed b y the gentle-
men of her Majesty's band, directed by 1 1.3 Anderson,
and aided by a chorus selected from the G .era, Exetei
Hall, and the Ancient Concert performers.
Three ladies, (the Misses Kirkham, Moe g an, and Du-
val), sang the solo portions of this very bt mutiful music,
which Dr. Mendelssohn Bartholdy has i T ndered in a
style that enhances his reputation as thegrt 3e.test of living
classical composers.

'Grey yester-
day Pi ❑g from the
the West India
The Right Hon, ?Milner Gibson, a fl,l Mr. Mark
e s ter doafy
Philleipts
t,hheatioaninni.notifierevei.ew with Sir George
wereipasityohffieose
for
thesen t
colonies.
Colonial•office Governor

so.--ACCIDENTS IN ',THE PARKS.
shortly after eleva o'clock, the
E
extremely severe frost, which has conti led without
intermission since Thursday week, was t 'roken by a
slight thaw, almost immediately followed b' f a consider-
-YesterdayTHE ‘ WEATHER,
A morning,TE R,
consider-
able fall of snow and sleet. Notwithstr al ding the un-
favourable state of the weather for this h id of amuse-
ment the several parks were during the entire day
thronged by individuals of all classes of s o ciety anxious
to participate in the enjoyment and exerc it ;es of skating
and sliding. Numerous accidents of avi y serious na-
ture occurred on the ornamental water c,f St. James's
Park, in consequence of the weather ha. ring relaxed its
extreme severity. The prompt attention't of the icemen
of the Royal Humane Society, the park re .ngers police,
&c., however, prevented any loss of life The other
parks were also much frequented, but, from
a similar
attention, no accidents (which were nvontli 'ous) resulted
fatally.
A CONVERT TO TEETOTALISII..--At an inquest
held at Leamiugton last week, on the to iy of a man
whose death, it appeared, was hastened b 1 r habits of in-
temperance, the coroner (G. a.
Greenw sy, Esq. took
occasion to remark that such repeated instances of
death, attributable mainly to excesses of tb le kind, ought
to restrain men from " lifting their hands t ioo frequently
to their mouths." He bad himself, at the age of sixty-
one years, commenced water. drinking, and . was now well
satisfied with the refreshing qualities of that beverage
being much superior to those of champag me, hermitage,
or any of the choice wines in which he om :e indulged.—
Coventry Herald.

VERY INNOCENT FOR A TRIEF.—A . lad named
Thomas Johnson, a regular thief, being c hat .ged at the
Borough Court, on Wednesday, with ste,alini -; a box of
cigars from the shop of A.lr, Goodman, con per-
street,
made the following "innocent " statrent to the magis-
trate in defence:—" am
I was corning up Tib-strew t, Sir. and
I heard a cry of ' Stop thief I' a and
boy as net Lr my size
and as like me as could be threw down this box
of cigars
and I took them up, and then that man (Nli
.. Go odman)
took me into custody!" The prosecutor st ated that he
saw the prisoner take the cigars, and he ne rer lost sight
of him till he was taken.--Committed to tl le sessionN.
Manchester Times,

GUN COTTON.
BY MR. MONTAGUE L. PHILLIPS.

As gun-cotton is now. soon likely to he offered for sale
as substitute for powder, st.rne remarks upon its pre-
paration, properties, and use may not be altogether 1111-
acceptable. Nobody need trouble themselves to make it,
as Schonbein's gun-cotton can be purchased shortly from
the makers ; but perhaps the following observations will
be interesting to those who may use it:—
Upon the first mention of this discovery, I commenced
a variety of experiments, with the object of discovering
its mode of preparation, properties, use, and theory.
It has been long known to chemists that paper, if
steeped in strong nitric acid for a short time, becomes
converted into a tough parchment-like substance, which
is so inflammable that it may he used for tinder. This
seems to have suggested the idea of gun-cotton.
It is possible to prepare gun cotton by steeping the
cotton for a few minutes in very strong nitric acid ; but
so much of the cotton is converted into a tough felty
matter, like the paper spoken of, that very little explo-
sive cotton is obtained by the process.

I have tried nitric acid of all strengths without good
results. Suspecting that the partial success was owing
to the presence of sulphuric acid in the nitric acid
distilled, I made experiments by adding sulphuric acid
gradually. I found the cotton more and more explosive,
and at last came to the conclusion, which was afterwards
arrived at by others, that the best gun-cotton was obtained
by using a mixture of equal measures of strong sulphuric
acid and nitric acid of about 1500 specific gravity.
The cotton is immersed in the mixed acids for half a
minute, and then immediately thrown into a large earthen
pan of clean water. Whenever the action has been right,
a large quantity of red fumes escape from the cotton.
To get rid of the acid which would prevent the cotton
from exploding, and would rust the gun, I wash it four
times in four fresh quantities of clean water. After this
I immerse it for about two or three minutes in water to
which ammonia has been added—about a table spoonful
to half a gallon of water. This neutralises any acid left
in the cotton, and then, after washing th? cotton twice in
clean water and drying it, it is ready for use. _

In this way we obtain a perfect gun. cotton. It does
not heat the barrel ; it does not rust it ; and has eight
times the force of powder. The cotton increases one-
fourth in weight by the process. It increases more if
not washed in ammonia, but then it is not good, and rusts
the gun ; for it always contains acid, from which water
alone cannot free it. My experiments have been made
with quantities of cotton weighing from one to three
ounces at a time.

Prepared with acid alone, the gun-cotton frequently
misses fire with the copper cap. Prepared as I described
it, it never misses fire with a copper cap—has more force
and suits the patent breach as well as powder. I can
state this from having fired it more than a hundred times
in charges varing from 2 to 100 grains.
To try the force and range of this gun-cotton, I have
tried a variety of experiments—using equal weights of
cotton and powder against each other—and find the
cotton eight times as strong as the powder. 20 grains
of cotton fired 11 oz. of shot, at 44 yards, and buried
them out of sight in a wooden target. The same weight
of fine powder only just stuck the shot in the surface. I
made a number of experiments with the assistance of the
chief boatman of the Hove Coast Guard Station. We
used one of their large heavy muskets, firing with
charges of 60 grains, the balls weighing between one
and two ounces. The range, as nearly as we could mea-
sure it, was one mile—how much farther the ball went
we could not tell. We fired over the sea, which was
smooth and calm alon!.; shore, and found the range by
knowing the distances of various objects along shore.
co try the force of the cotton, we fired at targets of
various thickness, our distance being 44 yards, that
being as far as any accurate aim could be taken with
the musket, so as to ensure the target being hit. At
that distance the ball passed quite through a target
five inches in thickness, and then flew about a quarter
of a mile out to sea, when we lost sight of it. At 44
yards, the ball would have passed through two such tar-
gets. It will easily go through an oaken log six inches
thick. In these experiments, a great deal of force was
lost owing to the balls being rather loose, and the vent
of the musket large. The musket was a flint and steel
one. We primed with a grain or two of powder, as the
explosion was too rapid in the pan to fire that in the
barrel when cotton was used for priming. The musket
which had been first cleaned with warm water and
dried, was quite bright and clean inside at the end of a
week, and a gun which I have used now constantly for
a month with gun cotton is quite clean inside.
My next experiments were in its use for shooting ;
but having no license for game, I have only shot small
birds like starlings and fieldfares. I used charges va-
rying from 10 to 20 grains ; 15 grains make a good
charge for a range of from 70 to 100 yards, at which
distance it kills readily, using 11 oz. of shot.
In loading the gun, the cotton should be put in loosely,
a little at a time, and gently rammed down, not hard, or
else it does not go off well. Then a wad is to be rammed
down as usual, not too hard ; then shot ; then another
wad, which may be rammed down rather harder upon
the shot. Put on a cap as usual, and then it will ex-
plode just as certainly as powder in the patent breach,
without any trouble. When no ammonia has been used
in the preparation, the cotton frequently misses fire in
the patent breach.

s IT 14--N'
. pAst
t,e>
zt-Jo‘'
THE FRENCH IN OTA
We have been fav:lA-od with a copy ok-.4„,•,....7„---.4„,"
letter, dated her Majesty's szcam- sloop a ...
Otaheitc, June 1, 1846:
%IVA " The natives here and at iluahine halo Fr t_
selves better men than the French, having beaten them
out of the field at that island, added to which they re-
pulsed La Uranie, a heavy frigate of 60 guns, and she
returned 'to Otaheite without having effected a single
advantage out of the many which they anticipated by the
attack and capture 'of the island. The natives here, ,no
doubt stimulated by- the example of, the Ituahineans,
made a smart and very effective attack on the town; they
came in, burned the houses of the French officers who
had made themselves most obnoxious, killed and wounded
a great many soldiers,' and retreated without losing a
single man. This put the French in a most awful flut-
ter; they stationed outposts on all the hills surrounding
the town, and these unfortunate wretches afforded prime
sport for the natives, who picked them off every day.
Upon the arrival of the French Admiral in a 60-gun
frigate, they marched out to attack Papend with 1,400
men; they were beaten, and returned :without having
done anything but burnt a church and stolen a few
horses. They.returned after nine days' absence, and the
soldiers were allowed two days to recruit their exhausted
strength before marching upon Bonnalia, which they did
last Friday. They attacked the native fort at six o'clock
A.M. on Saturday, and were cut up dreadfully. The
steamer Phaeton came up on Saturday afternoon with
54 wounded, amongst whom were several officers, in-
cluding the commander-in-chief of the forces and the
governor's aide-de-camp: they are expected back to-day
(Monday). There is no other news of consequence, ex-
cept that her Majesty's brig Osprey has suffered total
shipwreck at New Zealand.

a P. S.—The Phaeton has just arrived with another
cargo of wounded and dying; they are taking them on
shore as fast as possible; there are, I believe, about 50.
There is not at present the least possible prospect of our
getting out of this, let alone coming home."

DESTRUCTION OF QUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTY-OFFICE
BY FIRE.—(THIS DAY.)—We have to record the de-
struction of this office, situated in Dean's-yard, West-
minster, by fire. It appears that the first cause of alarm
took place about three o'clock this morning, at a lower
room on the south side of the premises. Information
was sent to the different fire-engine stations, and but a short
time elapsed before the Chandos-street brigade engine
was at the spot, very quickly followed. by the County,
West of England, Watling-street, and other stations.
There was a good supply of water from the Chelsea
mains, and although the utmost exertions were used
by the firemen, by five o'clock the whole of the
building was destroyed ; but through the , excellent
management of the officers of the fire depart-
ments, by their well-directed exertions, the valuable
documents were preserved from that destruction which
for some time was considered inevitable. Through the
excellent management also of Inspector Lowry and In-
spector Forbes, of the B division of police, the surround-
ing property was protected from a gang who infest the
neighbourhood. As to the cause of the fire, nothing
authentic could be ascertained; but the loss of furniture
and other property must amount to a very heavy sum.
PRINCESS'S THEATRE.—This elegant place of
amusement has been nightly crowded to witness the
attractive entertainments that have been selected for the
holidays. The pleasing and wonderful drawing-room
performances of Professor Hemming and his sons must
be seen to be appreciated—they' have all the talent of
the Risley's, but being five in number makes the tout en-
semble more complete ; some of their groupes are the
most classsical we ever beheld. The magnificent comic
pantomime of [he Enchanted Beauties of the Golden
castle ; or, Harlequin and the One-Eyed Genii (written
by Mr. Medea), is decidedly the best of the season. The
scenery and splendid costumes in the opening are of the
most costly description, and elicits shouts of admiration.
The Isle of Parrots and the Golden Apartment are per
feet gems. Too much praise cannot be lavished on the
liberal manager, Mr. Maddox, for the manner in which
this pantomime has been put on the stage ; nor must we
omit Mr. Emden, under whose superintendence it has
been produced, for the great care he has bestowed in get-
ting it up. We should advise those who wish to visit this
house to go early, as money has actually been refused
at the doors, the theatre having been mole than
crammed nightly.
POLICE.—We understand that the Commissioners
of Police have promoted sergeant James Fraser, of the
C division, to an Inspector in the K division, stationed
at Bow. This appointment was conferred on Mr. Fraser
entirely from his general good conduct, and is alike
honourable to both parties. We have no doubt that this
appointment will act as a stimulus to steady and deserv-
ing young men.
DEATH OF MR. JOSEPH CALKIN.—We regret to
announce the decease of this accomplished musician, at
his residence in Pall-mall, yesterday afternoon, after a
short
_but severe ,illness. Mr: Calkin was born in 1781.

He was a pupil of Mr. Lyon, and afterwards was arti-
cled for two years to Spagneletti, so many years leader
of the Opera band. Mr. Calkin was a violin player in
the Drury-lane orchestra in -1798, and was one of the
few survivors present at the first performance of the
Iron Chest, which was condemned, as Colman attributed,
to John Kemble's bad acting. Mr. Calkin assisted in
the arrest of Hatfield when he fired at George the
Third. Mr. Calkin was a tenor player in the Philhar-
monic band, of which society he was a member and
honorary librarian. In 1821 Mr. Calkin was appointed
one of the King's state band by George the Fourth.
For many years Mr. Calkin was an active member of
the Roi al Society of Musicians. He was much re-
spected in the profession.
The Emperor and Empress of Austria have this
year, as they did the last, made donations from their
privy purses of 10,000 florins for the relief of the poor
of Vienna. The other members of the Imperial Family
have contributed towards the same benevolent purpose
different sums, amounting to upwards of 14,000 florins.
THE CONDE DE MoparßmoLlN.—The Conde de
Montemolin, attended by his Excellency the Marquis of
Villa Franca and Colonel Merry, and by Mr. Sheriff
Kennard, proceeded at an early hour to the Model
Prison at Pentonville. The Conde de. Montemolin and
the party were received at the prison by the governor,
Mr. Husking, the secretary, Mr. Weaver, and the assis-
tant chaplain,. the Rev. J. P. Bust, by whom they were
conducted over the various departments of the establish-
ment. The Conde de Montemolin expressed the very
highest interest in the system of discipline and in all the
arrangements adopted in the prison. The Conde re-
peatedly observed that he had seen nothing so complete
or so likely to be effectual for the 'treat moral and social

The gun may be loaded with perfect safety directly
after firing, as I have proved this by firing a dozen times
rapidly, loading as fast as I had fired.
The cotton occupies about a finger's breadth in the
gun when there is the proper charge.
During my experiments, I found that grease, particu-
larly palm oil, entirely destroys the explosive property
of the cotton, so that it will not explode, or even fire, in
a greasy gun-barrel. This has led me to propose its
use for making snuffless candles ; and having made se-
veral candles with gun-cotton wicks, I find them answer
perfectly. Palm• oil makes the best.
The various explanations given of the explosive pro-
perty of gun-cotton are not at all satisfactory, owing to
the presence of nitric acid in all the specimens operated
upon.
My explanation of the explosive property is derived
from the results of my experiments. Cotton fibre, when
pure, is chemically nothing but lignine. Lignine con-
sists of equal weights of water and carbon combined.
The sulphuric acid has the property of removing water
from organic bodies. Its use, therefore, in the prepara-
tion is to remove water from the cotton. The loss of
water is immediately replaced by an equivalent quantity
of oxygen gas, derived from the nitric acid, which under-
goes decomposition. The gun cotton is thus only oxidized
carbon, or nearly so, or idized cotton from which the
greater part of the constituent water has been removed
by the sulphuric acid. It undergoes a change in the
shape of its fibre, which from vesicular becomes cylin-
drical and plump.
The lignine of the cotton, thus chemically and physi-
cally changed, is easily exploded, because it contains
nearly enough oxygen to convert all its carbon into car-
bonic acid gas in the open air, or into carbonic oxide gas
in the gun-barrel. As the result of its rapid combus'
tion is entirely gaseous, its explosion can be nu mystery.
What this is the true explanation is proved by the decom
position of the nitric acid during the preparation of the
gun cotton ; for no good cotton is obtained unless orange-
coloured fumes escape during the process. Indeed, the
cotton is, when taken out of the acid and opened under
water for the first time, saturated with nitrous gas.
Good gun cotton produces only carbonic acid and a very
little steam during its explosion. When the cotton is
loosely rammed, as I have said, its fibres_ are mixed with
air, which improves the explosion.
Some time ago I proposed it as a motive-power instead
of steam, for which I think in many cases it might be
substituted. I certainly was the first to try it and to pro-
pose it publicly for this purpose.
During the experiments with the muskets, the reports
was insignificant, and the recoil almost nothing. The
expense on the small scale, using the best sea-island
cotton, would be about 7s. Gd. to prepare a pound of
the cotton; but the prepared cotton would weigh
furnishing 1,000 charges. So that, in practice, it will be
nearly four times as cheap as the best gunpowder, while
it is much cleaner, safer, and leaves the gun clean and
nice. Any vegetable fibre or matter containing lignine,
such as tow, flax, or paper, will do; but nothing excels
the best sea-island cotton.

purposes intended. The Conde was pleased to express
his great obligation to the governor and officers for their
polite attei.tion, and for the trouble they took to afford
the fullest information 'upon the numerous and minute
points into which he inquired, in order that his idea of
the whole might be complete.
ADVANCE IN TUE PRICE OF GRAIN.—In the Corn
market at Wakefield yesterday, wheat advanced 4s. per
quarter.. A corresponding advance took place in the
price of other grain, as will be seen from our Wakefield
corn letter. In the Liverpool corn market, on Tuesday,
the business done was unusually large, and the orders
were very considerable. On wheat, the advance since that
day week was equal to 6d. the bushel of 701b5., or, about
3s. Gd. the quarter. On flour the advance was equal to
Is. 6d., or 2s. a barrel. Indian corn sold freely at 70s.
to 725. per quarter ; and on oats the advance was equal
to 2,1. or 3d, per bushel.—Leeds Mercury. _

THE GREAT SEA EAGLE.—One of the most perfect
and full grown specimens of this splendid bird was shot
lately at Glengarry. Its dimensions were full three feet
in length, and weighing fifteen pounds. The great size
and muscular strength of its legs and talons showed at
once bow easy it could destroy beast, bird, or fish, equal
in bulk with isself. No wonder that the sea eagle has
long been multiplied into several varieties, for even
among scientific naturalists each stage of the bird's pro-
gress to maturity had its synonyme as a separate, species.
The confusion did not end here ; for the remarkable
similarity or the full grown sea eagle to the white-
headed or bald eagle—the symbol of the American
States—incuced some ornithologists to consider them the
same. Clever observation disclosed a remarkable change
iu the plumage of the latter, which, when full grown,
assumts a beautiful white over all the head and neck.
It is a fourth less in weight than the European eagle.—
Inverness Courier.
THE GREATEST STAND EVER MADE I OR CIVILISA-
TION.—The ink stand.—The Man in the Moon.
We see by the Belgian papers that a magnificent
banquet was given on Tuesday, the 29th, by the English
resident at Brussels, to his Excellency Sir Hamilton
Seymour, G.C.H.' who is upon the eve of quitting that
city for Lisbon. The chair was taken by the Marquis
of Westmeath, Sir E. Haggerston acting as Vice-Presi-
dent. A more well-merited tribute of esteem and re-
spect was never offered to any British diplomatist than
was thus proffered to the talented and amiable gentle-
man whose departure from Brussels will be long and
deeply deplored.—Morning Paper.
FEARFUL DEATH OF A BRIDE.—On Saturday, as
Mr. and Mrs. Jacques, of Jarrow, who had been married
only five days, were proceeding along a coat railway,
should
u inclinedi
dride plane,
upon
the u p
nwehai re toh liNre.
Jacques
pthrtzp
scameed they
et)o.
waggons. His wife assented, and on attempting to get
into the waggons, she fell, and seven of them passed
over her. She was immediately taken up and conveyed
to the Newcastle Infirmary, where she died shortly
after. Mr. Jacques had conducted a school in Jarrow,
and he and his wife were on the eve of going to a more
extensive field of labour when this fearful accident hap-
pened.—Sunderland Herald.
LAND SLIP AT FLAG HEAD.--On Tuesday se'n•
night one of those earth slips for which the coast of this
county has of late years been remarkable took place at
the Coast-guard station, Flag Head, about three-and-a-
half miles from this town. The summit of the cliff rises
a considerable height above the British Channel, and is
quite exposed to the winds and waves. It had been re-
marked that the edge appeared unsettled for sonic days
previously, and it was expected that in the next high
wind a small portion might fall. On the afternoon of
the day in question, however, nearly 30 feet of the cliff
gave way, falling to the shore, leaving but about the
same width of surface between the precipice and the
station-house. So imminent had immediate further
danger become, that Lieutenant Aldrich and his family,
residing in the house, were compelled to vacate, and re-
move their furniture to an adjacent residence. No
further fall taking place, this officer has returned to his
old abode. It is not improbable, however, that if heavy
weather makes its appearance, a further disruption will
happen.—Poole Herald.
BRAZILIAN SUGAR.—A cargo of 300 tons,- direct
from Rio, is daily expected to arrive at this port.' This
will be the first cargo brought into Liverpool, and the
second into the 'United Kingdom, under the Bill of last
session, imposing a differential duty upon colonial and
foreign, sugars. The duty at which this cargo will come
in will be 21s. per cwt. (reduced from 635.); colonial
sugar of corresponding quality pays 13s.—Liverpool
Mercury.

The gun-cotton made asl describe may be exploded on
the hand with a warm wire. It will explode on powder
without firing the powder; will not rust the gun; or pro-
duce steam. I consider it perfect, and adapted for every
purpose to which gunpowder may be applied. It leaves an
almost imperceptible stain upon white paper.—Brighton
Herald.

FOREIGN GREEN PEAS.—A small importation, as
sample, has already been received in this country, by the
Royal Tar steamer, from Lisbon, consigned to Keeling
and Hunt, being the precursor to a periodical supply.
Those sent bear a fresh appearance,•the pods being quite
green, and the peas are of good flavour, although inferior
to those that are usually " forced" in our country to
supply epicures at two or three guineas the quart, in the
early spring months. This is a commencement of an
importation which is to follow on an extended scale, to
embrace early fruits, vegetables, and other luxuries which
from the cold character of our climate are not obtain-
able until an advanced period of the year, affording
another favourable evidence of the new scale of import
duties aided by steam conveyance, by which the people
of this country are enabled to partake of them at
moderate prices. The Royal Tar brings several cases of
" mandarin" or scented oranges, which are rare in this
country, and which on opening throw out an aromatic
flavour, and are sweet to the taste. The tree is supposedt
to have been originally brought from China, and ran,c.
planted in Malta, the Azores, and Lisbon, from which
places small quantities are occasionally brought to this
country.
DEATH IN THE
STREET AND HEARTLESS ROB-
BERY.—Yesterday, shortly after twelve o'clock, a man
of very respectable appearance was observed to stagger
and fall near the corner of Water-street and William-
street, Whitefriars. A female who witnessed the Occur-
rence immediately ran for medical assistance, and fortu-
nately met Dr. Hutchinson, of Bridge-street, Black-
friars, who hastened to the spot, and had the unfortu-
nate man removed into the shop of Mrs. Devonshire, a
grocer, in Water-street, when it 'was ascertained that
life was extinct. In the hurry of removal, some heart-
less ruffian decamped with a blue merino bag, which the
female before alluded to had observed in the deceased's
possession. As this was supposed to contain papers by
which the deceased could be identified, a pursuit was
instituted, but in vain—the miscreant got clear off.
After Dr. Hutchinson had left, the deceased's pockets
were searched by the sergeant of police, and a large sum
of money in gold and silver found upon him, by which,
and the blue bag, it is supposed that he was a.tovvn com-
mercial traveller. The body was. soon after removed in
a shell to await a coroner's inquest.
It is understood that the Mutine brig has been de-
tained at Spithead, to take oat Mr. Mandeville, who is
to be charged by Government to proceed to the River
. Plate to endeavour to settle affairs in that part of the
world.

EFFECTS OF METROPOLITAN
RAILWAYS.

-
The following are extracts from the minutes of
eri-
pence taken before the metropolitan Railway
Commis-
sioners. Mr. R. L. Jones is the witness first
n course
examined.
You have had a good deal of experience in
been madei. n th
of the metropolitan improvements which
under the direction of the city, of the effect produced by
such alterations in the removal of habitations of
districts
in-
ferior class, and the removal of the poor from
in which they were congregated?—Yes; there have been
some instances of that certainly.
What generally is your opinion of the effect of such
changes, are they detrimental to the poorer claaess or
otherwise?—I should say rather a benefit than other
wise; it induces them to go out of those hordes and
dirty places which they would not think of if they were
not driven out.
It not only induces them, but compels them go, no
doubt; but does net that compulsion inflict any great in-
jury or suffering upon them?—l should say not, because
in all cases in which I have been concerned, we have
always given them a compensation, however, small it
might be, and they have got dwellings elsewhere in a
better situation.
Is it the interest of some speculators to provide dwell-
ings for the poor in such cases ?—My own opinion is
that that would never answer to any great extent. If
you took a manufactory whore the manufacturer was
going to employ 300 or 400 men, and there were no
small dwellings near, it would be worth the while of a
builder to build small cottages for such a class of people;
but I hare been consulted by several who hare been
desirous of building habitations, and I find that the
workmen will not go away from their labour. What
has been the cause of all the hundreds and thousands of
small houses at Blackwell and Poplar, and all those
places ? the docks, which have brought the labour there.
The labourer will not go away from where the manu-
factory is, however bad the occupancy of his dwelling
nay be ; he still will be near his work.
Then in what manner have you found that the poorer
classes, who are compelled by the course of those im-
provements to leave their dwellings, are provided with
new ones ?—There are always builders who are building
small places, so as to catch here and there one, but not
to any extent.
But sufficient to make provision for them ?—Just so.
There are many situations in the Citywhere old courts
have been pulled down and better classes have been built,
but they have been near their work, and therefore oc-
cupied by the workmen ; they will not travel far from
where their labour is.
Mr. J. W. Higgins gives evidence to the following
effect upon the same subject :
What is your opinion as to the effect that a railway
has passing through a low neighbourhood, where the
houses are bad, and the population bad, as in the case
of the Blackwell and the Eastern Counties Railways?—
It appears to me that, with reference to the taking down
some of the low neighbourhoods, it has the advantage
of letting in light and air, and spreading the popu-
lation, but it is exceedingly painful very often
in its operation, for people are put to vast incon-
venience, and those who can least bear it. I
apprehended that, with reference to the dealings with
public streets, &c., even the improvements made by the
Metropolitan Improvement Commission, and by the
City, are attended with loss to many. I have had to
do with them for a good many years, and have seen
very much of them.
IVill you state them ?—I will endeavour to do
so. The improvements in this respect by new
streets, &c., are by no means an unmixed good ;
there are many unduly paid, over paid ; they, on the
other hand, some, especially trades of a sound character,
and rooted as it were to a spot, no reasonable compen-
sation does pay them. Many, in a small way, waste
the few pounds or hundreds they receive, and frequently
damage is done to other properties to a very serious
amount by the operations of new streets, as in the
case of Chandoe• street, and recently of Broad street.
and High street, St. esilcs's, and the west end of
Holborn, the new Oxford-street will damage pro•
perty there, both freehold, leasehold, and trades, to a
very serious extent, and persons are left without a
claim of any kind. There are many which are called
consequentiel damages ; many of those inconveniences
and losses I believe it is difficult to redress ; to a great
extent I think it is ahnost inrposeibla. I mention these
matters that they may be impreeeed upon the minds
of Legislators carefully to avoid the granting of such
powers unless they are made out to be important and de-
sirable. There are very runny inconveniences in cases
of leases, &c. I have seen great hardships in the cases
of leases and trust properties. In the case of lessees
who would continue renewing from time to time when
the As: has passed the lessors, such as Dean and Chap-
ter, and other pi cprietors, take the whole cf the property
except the years due in the lease under the strict letter of
the law: the custom of renewal is lost to the lessee, 1
have known hundreds and thousands that would have
been continued to families so lost to lessees. All this I
think it my duty to point out, as important reasons for con-
ducting these affairs with very great caution. Many
instances I have met with where tradesmen hare been
carrying on business without leases, and fur years. I
remember, among others, in the Strand improvements,
some serious cases. I represented to the Metropolitan
Lnprovement Commission, and the best was done that
circumstances would admit of ; but there were parties
who had lived for years without leases, and would have
gone out without leases ; they were thrown upon the
consideration of the Commissioners, who kindly ordered
some allowances, but some lost their means of livelihood ;
and I believe many of those cases are unavoidable ; but
again it shows how necessary it is to be cautious how
such liberties are allowed to companies, who are seeking
their own interest only in those matters.
Those observations would mainly apply to better
neighbourhoods than the gaelewall Railway ? I made
an estimate for it, and had occasionally to do with it
afterwards, and I have seen cases of hardship which
have been the unavoidable consequence in all such affeirs
—the parties whose property is taken get paid, some of
them, as I said before, unduly paid—but with regard to
parties on the opposite side of a street or is the neigh-
bourhood, whose property is not touched, they do nut
get paid, and their trade is sometimes damaged to a
great extent, by sweeping away a portion of their cus-
tomers. So that in cases, oven in the neighbourhoods
of which your Lordship speaks, there are these unavoid-
able inccnveniences of which the public know little.
With regard to the benefits that may result from run-
ning a railroad through a low district of that sort, to
what extent do they accrue?—Except that it is a public
benefit from better air, and sometimes better drainage,
Ido not know that much advantage is derived. I cannot
calculate upon much except that, and encouraging the
general trade and commerce of the county by railway
accommodation.
Take the two points of air and drainage, do you con-
sider that the neighbourhood of those two railways, the
Eastern Counties and the Blackwell, have been bene-
fited upon those two heads ? Do you consider that
Rosemary-lane, near the Blackwall railway, and the
Bethnal-green district, through which the Eastern
Counties Railway passes, are any the better drained, or
any the better ventilated ?—I think the probability is
they are better drained. I have not watched that.
Have you been there lately ?—Yes, I was there on
Saturday last about an extension.
On the Eastern Counties ?—Yes ; I was there looking
over a property for a friend in the same profession, who
is ill, and in aid of his duties I was there on Saturday,
and have been there several days. I do not know how
the Acts constituting those railways compel drainage,
but generally they have clauses about drainage, and the
railways improve drainage very frequently ; but with
regard to taking down a number of the houses and spread-
ing the population, opening; out those courts and alleys,
and giving light and air, they certainly are to some extent
and in some places advantageous they are proposing,
now to take down some wretched places in that imme-
diate neighbourhood, but they have some very filthy re-
ceptacles under some few of their arches.
Do you think that those railways take down more
houses than are absolutely necessary for the breadth of
their own line ?----They rarely take down more than is
necessary, either for the breadth of their line or for
their other
cautious about that I believeoses ; generally speaking, they are
Does not that necessarilyllimit the benefit which might
be derived from their opening out those low neighbour-
hoods ?—lt does, unquestionably ; but it is not merely
their line, they take surplus property : the Eastern
Counties, for instance, have a wider extent taken near
High-street, Shoreclitch, than the mere trunk line they
want it for different purposes, or expect to do so.
But they do not occupy it by building ?—lt is not all
built upon at present. It will be built upon with a
better description of building. My impression since I
have thought of this subject is, decidedly, that with
regard to these railways, as far as I can form
a general judgment upon the subject, there are
two extremes, the one of bringing them into the
heart of the town, which, I think, can't be borne with

I have seen a very clever model of my friend Mr,
Pearson's, but it appears to me to have, with all its ex-
__

cellencies, the vice of emptying end filling in a part al-
ready crowded beyond endurance. At the same time,
keeping the termini of railways too far from the sides
and near the centre of London, I think, a great incon-

venience, not only to the railway world, but to the
general public who have nothing to do with railways ;
the means of conveyance are occupied in getting to and
from the termini, and blocking up the thoroughfares
longer than need be.
nave you in your mind any limitation which you
would propose to apply to the progress of railways
towards the metropolis ?—No ; it is strongly pressed upon my mind, since I have thought about
at, that it must depend upon circumstances. My im-
pression that if the Birmingham Railway had come
they to Russell-square formerly
would have done
wisely, but I would not let theym at once into Hol-
born ; it is one of the great arteries ; but if they had
been as far as Russell-square, or somewhere
there,
would have been near the centre of London, would
they
have had space and numerous avenues, and the
traffic could hare spread in various directions. I mentionthis
as my general notion of where and «hat a railway ter-
minus should be. The Eastern Counties I take to be
too far eastward. The South -Western I have had much
to do with in its early stages: this. I suppose, from its
poverty at that time, stopped at Nine Elms ; that is a
most unhappy position, as it appears to me, for a rail-
way station.
What is your opinion with respect to those districts
which are mostly inhabited by the merely labouring
classes ; does the disp!acement of the habitations of
such classes tend more to good or evil in your opinion ?
—I have great difficulty in judging upon the subject, al-
though I have formed a large acquaintance with that
description of persons recently, fur I had much to do in
St. Giles's, in the very Rookery.
t, With reference to that particular district to which
you have adverted, the Rookery, do you believe, upon
the whole, that greater benefit has been derived from
opening that aggregation of habitations of the worst
clap than the disadvantage of the compulsory removal

consequent upon it to these poor people ?—Tothese poor
people, abstractedly, I think it has been hitherto a dis-
advantage ; decidedly so.
Where have they found other habitations ?—ln the
courts about Drury-lane very much, and the lower parts
of Westminster.

But have they found them ?—Yes, they have squeezed
in somewhere ; they have been obliged to do so.
When you have stated they have squeezed in, have
there been any new habitations in any of the neighbour-
ing districts for them ?—No, not to any extent, not to
meet the circumstances of those poor creatures.
Do you think, then, that the removal of those people
has tended rather to accumulate population in already
extremely peopled districts ?—I have no doubt of it.
And in that way it would have created a greater in-
convenience in some other portion of the metropolis ?
No doubt about it.

Are you convinced of the fact?—Certainly; several of
my Rookery acquaintance that have been removed,
sweep the crossing of the streets, and I stop every now
and then and ask where they are lodging, and I find
them, as far as lam able to discover, moved almost in-
variably to the dense rookeries of the town; many in
Westminster, and about Drury-lane.
But the lower parts of Westminster have been greatly
improved of late years?—Yes, in some parts it is so; but
not hitherto much to aid such poor persona.
There aro some parts now covered with decent streets
and decent habitations that used to be bad?—There
are few persons who know, but those whose duty it has
been, what is behind the curtain: you pass through a
decent street, and some of the streets even at the west
end of the town; but only get behind them, lift the
curtain up, and there is misery, filth, and wretchedness,
beyond what most people imagine, very often to be seen.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
MANSION-HOUSE.
RAILWAY MATTER% •-• Mr. P. Scanlan, Mr. W.
Killick, and Mr. H. Flight, were brought before the
Lord Mayor, in the custody of John Forrester, the
o
charge of having conspired to defraud Mr. arg
"n
carpet manufacturer, of Aldermanbury, of 1001., under
the circumstances mentioned below.
Mr. Humphreys appeared for the prosecution, and Mr.
Hobler attended for the prisoners.
Mr. Margetson said, on the 30th of November, Mr.
Scanlan was brought to my office and introduced to me
by a Mr. Fennell, as a highly-respectable gentleman,
who wanted the advance of a sum of money on railway
shares, upon which the company had advertised to re-
turn 1/. 12s. 6d. per share of the deposit of 2/. 12s. 6d,
to the holder of certificates after the first of De-
cember. Mr. Scanlan confirmed the account given by
Mr. Fennell, and produced several pieces of paper
purporting to be certificates of the Direct Lincoln
East Retford and Sheffield Railway Company, saying
that the advertisement, stating the intention to return
I/. 12s. 6d. per share, appeared in the Times newspaper.
I told him I thought he had better go to the company's
offices and receive the money, but he said he was secre-
tary to a Railway Company himself, and he knew the
difficulty of getting directors together, and it was more
than probable the first time they were called together
the meeting would be postponed, and some time might
elapse before the payment of the money ; and as he was
in want of money to make up some differences, he would
rather make a little sacrifice than not be able to obtain
it. I asked him how much ho wanted. He answered
1001. for two months, and he would give 5/. fur
the use of it, and a bill, or promisory
note for the amount, as well as an authority
to sell the shares, which he offered as collateral security,
if the bill was not properly met. I asked him if they
were his own shares, and if they were allotted to him.
He replied that they had not been allotted to him, but
they were his own shares, and he had paid 31. premium
per share for them. I told him I should be glad to be
referred to any one as to his respectability, and he told
me he could give me a ref'erenee both as to his respect-
ability and his respo. sibility, and he accordingly referred
me to Mr. Killick, No. 6, Bank-chambers, who, he said,
did a great deal of business for him. Ile left me a certi-
ficate of five shares, and I calved next day at 6, Bank-
chambers, and saw Mr. Flight, and asked hilt
if his name was Killick. He replied in the affirma-
tive, and asked me what I wanted. I told him
had been referred to him us to Mr. Scanlan's
respectability, and lie said it is all right ; the company
has advertised to return 1/. 12s. 6d. a share. Mr. Scan-
lan is a highly respectable man. We call him Doctor
Scanlan. If he had applied to us we should most wil-
lingly have let him have 100/,, but I suppose he did not
wish us to know he wanted money. Thin said I there
can be no risk in advancing the money. No, said he ;
and I then went away. When next I saw Mr. Scanlan,
he called my attention to an advertisement in the Times,
postponing Ithe meeting till the 22i of December. I
told him I was not quite satisfied to advance the money
without seeing the secretary to the company • and I
asked hint where the oases of the company were. lie
said he did not think there was any office at all in town,
and that he had seen the Times advertisement of the sth
November, and there was no address given to it. I
said something about not parting with the money
till next day, but he stated that he wanted the money
very particularly, as he was obliged to go to the
country that evening, upon which I gave him a cheque
for 1001., and I drew a bill upon him for 105/. 10s.,
which he accepted, and, at the same time, he gave me a
letter, authorising me to sell the shares lithe bill should
not be taken up. The odd money was, with ss. more, to
go to Mr. Fennell as cornmizsion:
The, LORD Ma.von—As commission upon this bill
transaction ? Mr. Margetson—Yes. Next morning I
saw him in Aldermanburv, and he told use he had another
100 shares, and he wanted an advance of another 101.
upon them. I made some remark as to his having fre-
quently said he had no more shares, and also as to his
having said he was going into the country last evening.
lie replied that lie had dined in the country on the day
before, and he assigned as a reason for having more
shares that he had expected to get more money upon
them from another quarter, but had been disappointed,
and he preferred having his shares all in one hand to
hawking them about. He produced the Times of the sth
of November, and also the Times of the 2d of December,
to shew that the advertisement was repeated, as to the
intention to pay back 1/. 12s. 6d. a share. On looking
at one of them I observed the address No. 14, Fish-street-
hill. lie left the other hundred shares with me, and I
called at the office of the company, at 14, Fish-street-
bill, four times without seeing any body. Mr. Scanlan
called upon me afterwards, and I put him off till two
o'clock next day.
Mr. Humphreys—Did you afterwards find out who
the solicitors to the company were? Witness—l did;
and I found out the secretary, and ono of the directors.
Mr. Humphreys—And have you reason to believe,
from what you learned from them, that the advertise-
ments were forgeries, and that those shares are merely
duplicate shares? Mr. Margetson—l have.
Dir. Hobler objected to the course of examination as
irregular.
Mr. Goodman (the Chief Clerk) said the magistrate
was justified in having questions put for his own satis-
faction, to enable him to judge of the animus with which
any act was done.
Mr. Humphreys said he should, on a future day, pro-
duce witnesses to establish the charge of conspiracy
bepond all doubt.
Mr. Margetson, in continuation, said—after I saw the
director, I saw Mr. Scanlan, and told him I found out
that the whole was a swindle, and it looked much as if
a fraud had been practised on me. I said the
advertisements were forgeries. He said he knew
nothing about it. I asked him then whose shares they
were, and he said they were Mr. Killick's. What, said
I, the very man you referred me to for your respecta-
bitty ?—(Laughter)—and the place where you have made
a bill payable? I then asked him how many shares he
had altogether? and he said 250, and if I was not satis-
fied with his bill, Killick would give me his bill for
the amount. Flight was present at the time, and said
the shares were perfectly good, and the advertisements
were not forged, and he did not think Killick would
hare any objection to put his name on the bill. Doctor
B— was present at the time, and said he had seen the
secretary, who told him it was a genuine advertisement,
as he had searched the Registry-office, and he knew
30,000/. had been paid up, and that money belonging to
the company had been removed from the original bankers
to a private bank of one of the directors at the West-end,
orderin to prevent an attachment in the Mayor's Court
against it. Mr. Killick and Mr. Scanlan afterwards called
upon me, and Mr. Killick said he believed the shares to be
good, but they were not his shares. They belonged
to a Mr. Rogers, and he (Killick) merely put them into
Mr. Scanlan's hands to get an advance upon them, and
that he handed over the money to Mr. Rogers, and all
he and Mr. Scanlan got by the job was 51. The witness
finally said that Killick completely shuffled out of the
business, and had not been seen by him since until be got
into the clutches of John Forrester.
Mr. Hobler submitted that there was nothing in the
statement which showed that a fraud had been committed
or intended. There were certain insinuations to the
effect that advertisements had been forged by his client,
and that the shares being duplicate shares, were of no
value. But there was nothing like a foundation. The
fact was, that the shares were like the shares in many
other companies, deteriorated by the panic, and they
had got into the hands of the prisoners, as they might
have got into the hands of any other speculators. Mr.
Hobler here produced a Leeds list of stock, in which no-
tice was given, under the head of " Deposits to be Re-
turned ;" that the Direct Lincoln, East Retford, and
Sheffield Railway Company was about to dissolve, and
that 1/. 12s. 6d. per share would be returned to the
holders of the certificates. The date of the list was up
to the 31st of December ; and he also exhibited some
neu spapers, in which there was a similar notification.
The LORD MAY.OII said there was prima facie evidence
of a gross fraud upon the complainant. All the details
showed a regularly concocted plan, and he should give
opportunity to bring forward the necessary witnesses in
order to arrive at a complete elucidation of the affair.
It was stated in the justice-room that the shares arc
worth about 2s. 6d. each.
The case was then remanded, but the prisoner was
informed that if Mr. Scanlan and Mr. Killick produced
good jail, each in 200/., and if Mr. Flight produced two
they should be liber-ated.

_Ta:rE OF TRADE.—There is no new feature in the
market to report this week, in consequence of the usual
Christmas holidays taking place. No alteration is at
present ncticed in the prices either of yarns or nets,
but the unusual speculation still going on in the raw
material begins to wear a serious aspect, and must, if
continued, considerably affect the prices of yarns.—Net-
gingham Review.
TAW VALE RAILWAY.—The directors have entered
into an agreement (subject to the approval of a general
meeting of shareholders) for the lease of their line to
the South-Western, on the following terms :---Five per
cent. on ail paid up capital at present, and .51 when the
line is completed, and equal share of all profit after pay.
ing expenses,

FRIDAY NIGHT'S GAZETTE.
WINDSOR CASTLE, JAN. 1, 1547.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint George Edward
Anson, Esq., to be the keeper of her Majesty's Privy Parse,
in the room of Major-General Sir Henry Wheatley, resigned.
WINDSOR CASTLE, JAN. 1.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert has been pleased to
appoint Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. Charles Beaumont
Phipps to be Private Secretary to his Royal Highness, in the
room of George Edward Anson, Esq , resigned.
*T. JAMES'S PALACE, JAN. 1.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Colonel the Hon.
Sir Edward Cust, K.C.H., to be her Majesty's Master of the
Ceremonies, in the room of Sir Robert Chester, Knt., resigned.
ST. JAMES'S PALACE, JAN. 1.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Lieutenant Colonel
William Henry Cornwall, to be her Majesty's Assistant
Master of the Ceremonies, in the room of Colonel the Hon-
ourable Sir Edward Cust, K.C.H. promoted.
ST. JAMES'S PALACE, JAN. 1.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint the Honourable
Spencer Lyttleton to be Her Majesty's Marshal of the Cere-
monies, in the room of Lieutenant-Colonel William Henry
Cornwall, promoted,
WAR-OFFICE, JAN. 1.
Royal Regiment of Horse Guards—Lieutenant Thomas
Brunt to be Captain, without purchase, vice Brevet Major
Trent, deceased, Dec. 16, 1846.
7th Dragoon Guards—Regimental Sergeant Major John
Gray to be Adjutant (with the rank of Cornet), vice Knight,
promoted, Jan. 1.
2d Regiment of Foot—Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Richard
Carruthers to be Lieutenant-Colonel, without purchase, vice
Baumgardt, appointed Inspecting Field Officer of a Recruit-
ing District ; Brevet Major Mountford Stoughton
Heyliger Lloyd to be Major, vice Carruthers, Jan. 1 ;
Captain Digby St. Vincent Hamilton, from 78th Foot, to be
Captain, vice Grehan, who exchanges, Dec. 31 ; Lieut. Gus•
tavus Nigel Kingscote Anker Yonge to be Captain, vice
Lloyd ; Ensign William Wynn Kirkby to be Lieutenant, vice
Yonge; Francis Lionel Octavius Atty, Gent., to be Ensign,
vice Kirkby, Jan. 1.
36th Foot—Assistant-Surgeon James Jopp, M.D., from the
2d Foot, to be Surgeon. Francis Smith, Gent., to be As-
sitant-surgeon, Jan. 1.
50th Foot—Ensign Richard Cormick Clifibrd to be Lieute-
nant, without purchase, vice Du Vernet, appointed to 67th
Foot. William Barry, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Clifford.
Jan. 1.
78th Foot—Captain Peter Grehan, from 2d Foot, to be
Captain, vice D. St. Vincent Hamilton, who exchanges,
Dec. 31.
Ist West India Regiment—Major Edward Rowley Hill to
be Lieutenant-Colonel without purchase, vice Bush, ap-
pointed Inspecting Field Officer of a Recruiting District ;
Brevet Major Luke Smyth O'Connor to be Major, vice Hill ;
Lieutenant Alexander William Mackenzie to be Captain, vice
O'Connor; Ensign Henry Johnston, to be Lieutenant, vice
Mackenzie; Samuel Head, Gent., to be Ensign, vice John-
stone, Jan. 1.
BREVET.—Captain William Eleey, of the East India Com-
pany's Depit, at Worley, to have the local rank of Major in
the Army, while so employed, Jan. L
The under-mentioned Cadets of tho Honourable the East
India Company's Service to have the local and tem-
porary rank of Ensign, during tke period of their being
placed under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Fre-
derick Smith, of the Royal Engineers, at Chatham, for
field instruction in the art of Sapping and Mining :
Dui lean Charles llome, Gent. ; Benjamin Martin Hutchinson,
Gent. ; Frederick Weston Peile, Gent. ; George Edward
Watson, Gent. ; Augustus Satchwell Johnstone, Gent. ;
Richard Hieram Sankey, Gent.; John Baptist Graaville
Close, Gent. ; John Augustus Fuller, Gent., Jan. 1.
UstarraciiED,—Lieutenant James Montagu Brown, from
the 93d Foot, to be Captain, without purchase, Jan. 1.
MEMORANDU3I.—The date of the commission of Major
John Blackburn, of the 85th Regiment of Foot, is 29th Decem-
ber, 1846, and not 29th December, 1845, as stated in the
Gazette of the 29th alt.
WHITEHALL, DEC. 29.
The Lord Chancellor has appointed John Musgrave, of
Whitehaven, in the county of Cumberland. Gent., to be a
Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.
BANKRUPTS.
George White, patten maker, Chichester, Sussex, to sur-
render Jan. 11, at half-past one, and Feb. 8, at eleven, at
the Court of Bankruptcy. Turquand, official assignee, Old
Jewry-chambers, London ; Stanilancl and Long, Bouverie-
street, for Sherwood, Chichester.
George Frederick Howe, merchant, Chester-place, Ken-
nington, Jan. 20, at half-past one, and Feb. 16, at twelve, at
the Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, official assignee, Fre-
derick's-p!ace, Old Jewry; Lawrence and Mews, Old Jewry
Chambers.
Peter Allan Hannaford, bookseller, Exeter, Jan. 14, at
one, and Feb. 10, at eleven, at the Exeter District Court.
Hernaman, official assisgnee, Exeter; Stogdon, Exeter;
Freeman, Bothamley, and Benthall, Coleman-street.
William Gibbs, baker, Welford, Gloucestershire, Jan. 15,
and Feb. 16, at one, at the Bristol District Court. Miller,
official assignee, Bristol ; Wilkes, Gloucester.
Robert Kirke, coal- dealer, Llanelly, Carmarthenshire, Jan.
19, and Feb. 12, at half-past eleven, at the Bristol District
Court. Acraman, official assignee, Bristol;; Yenning and Co.,
Tokenhouse-yard ; Chitty, Shaftesbury.
John Wilkinson, ship-owner, Stockton- upon-Tees, Jan. 15,
and Feb. 16, at one, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District
Court. Baker, official assignee, :Newcastle-upon-Tyne ;
Allison, Dailington • Philipson, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Til-
son, Squance, Clark, and Morrice, Coleman-street.
John Griffiths, stationer, Liverpool, Jan. 12, and Feb. 9, at
eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Cazenove, official
assignee, Liverpool ; Chester and Co., Staple-inn ; Tryer,
Liverpool.
Thomas Robinson, builder, Wavertreu, Liverpool, Jan. 19
and Feb. 9, at twelve, at the Liverpool District Court.
Turner, official assignee, Liverpool ; Vincent and Co.,
Temple; Robinson, Liverpool.
DIVIDENDS DECLARED.
J. Graham, stationer, Jewry-street, Aldgate—first div. of
4s. 3d. in the pound, on Saturday, Jan. 2, and two subse-
quent Saturdays, at the office of Mr. Groom, Abchurch-
lane, City.
J. B. Crampern, coal merchant, City-road—first div. of
Is. 40. in the pound, on Saturday, Jan. 2, and two subse-
quent Saturdays, at the office of Mr. Groom, Abchurch-
lane, City.
J. I'errv, grocer, Harlow, Essex—first div. of 3s. 4d. in the
pound, on Saturday, Jan. 2, and two subsequent Saturdays,
at the office of MrGroom, Abchurch-lane, City.
G. Puckle, corn factor, Mark-lane—first div. of ss. 60. in
the pound, on Saturday, Jan. 2, and two subsequent Satur-
days, at the office of Mr. Groom, Abchurch -lane, City.
It. Mills, corn factor, Mark-lane—first div. of Is. 90. in
the pound, on Saturday, Jan. 2, and two subsequent Satur-
days, at the office of Mr. Groom, Abchurch-lanu, City.
J. Taylor, merchant, Liverpool—first div. of bs. in the
pound, and a further div. of 2s. 10d. in the pound, on any
Thursday, at the office of Mr. Turner, Liverpool.
E. Jones, ironmonger, Liverpool—a div. of 512 d. in the
pound, on any Thursday, at the office of Mr. Turner,
Liverpool.
W. Kirby, hotel keeper, Liverpool—first dir. of 2s. 6d. in
the pound, on any Thursday, at the office of Mr. Turner,
Liverpool.
E. Cooban, brewer, Liverpool—first div. of 2s. 6d. in the
pound, on any Thursday, at the office of Mr. Turner,
Liverpool.
Alfred llunnett, window-blind maker, Bridgehouse-place,
Newington-causeway—first div. of 38. 80. in the pound, on
any Thursday, at the office of Mr. Pennell, Guildhall-
chambers.
W. Poynter, warehouseman, St. Paul's-churchyard—third
div.;of ld. in the pound, on any Thursday, at the office of Mr.
Pennell, Guildhall-chambers.
S. Tipple, draper, Norwich—first div. of 3s. 60. in the
pound, on any Thursday, at the office of Mr. Pennell, Guild-
hall-chambers.
I. Solly, sen., merchant, St. Mary-axe—second div. of 10d.
in the pound, on any Thursday, at the office of Mr. Pennell,
Guildhall-chambers.
J. Spong, timber merchant, Ockharn, Surrey—first div. of
ls. 4d. in the pound, on any Thursday, at the office of Mr.
Pennell, Guildhall-chambers.
Brace and Allen, warehousemen, Mitre-court, Milk-street,
Cheapside—first div. of 7s. 60. in the pound, on any Thurs-
tohnerahnoyg,TfGaihr,ruhmeruasertdrssalld,yraS:yltiootnnateih,NeKtoohefurenfoctole—kfilo—ffuirmfistrorsc.ftlilds,3•en.iivor....f
day, at the office of Mr. Pennell, Guildhall-chambers.
1031.LinanthaeRp.ouWneda,
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J. Ward, engineer, Manchester—second
cdeivo.fofßlisr.. 6d. in
Manchester.
R. Edwards, tailor, Huddersfield—second div. of ls. 6d. in
the pound, making, with the first div. of 2s. 6d., 4s. in the
pound, on subsequent proofs, on any day after Jan. 4, at the
office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
DIVIDENDS.
Jan.J. 212I,usastelhl,a14unas.,t
eleven
—S.
milliner,aeara jriandg."a22n22b,d,i Cambridgeshire,
st,geatt.
At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street.
t
twelve—P.
25 atC Wilcox,
twelve—J.
brewers,t
et t
tailor,
JLe .riSkinner-street,
lt
Lamont, scrivener,
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Bteh:jaas
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oeeDspybs:
gumar
City,t‘vaei twelve—J.
rnjs
half-past eleven. 3rjgjaaa Stewart,ntne-

In the Country.
N. Roskell and J. De Peyster Ogden, merchants, Liver-
pool, Jan. 29 at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court—W,
Chambers, shipwright, Southwick, Durham, Jan. 26, at one,
at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court—A. Johnson,
printer, South Shields, Jan. 26, at twelve, at the Newcastle-
upon-Tyne District Court---W. I. Barker, auctioneer, Sun-
derland, Jan. 28, at eleven, at the Newcastle-upon. Tyne
District Court—l. Gwinnett, innkeeper, Ledbury, Hereford-
shire, Jan. 28, at twelve, at the Birmingham District Court.
CERTIFICATES to be granted, unless cause be shown to
the contrary, on the day herein mentioned.
J. Churchyard, carpenter, Cole Harbour-lane, Brixton,
Jan. 25—C. Dorrington, miller, Digswell-hill, Hertfordshire,
Jan, 25—H. J. Palmer, grocer, Wantage, Berkshire, Jan. 25
—W. 11. Lerew, apothecary, Upper Norton•street, Fitzroy-
square, Jan. 26—J. Howard and W. Lee, brick makers,
Brampton, Southampton, Jan. 26—G. Greenstock, iron-
mongers, Weston super Mare, Somersetahire, Jan. 25—W. I.
Barker, auctioneer, Sunderland, Jan. 28—E. Hodgson, iron-
monger, Richmond, Yorkshire, Jan. 26—W. and J. Clay,
woollen manufacturers, Halifax, Yorkshire, Jan. 26—J.
Lester, farmer, Pen-y•gelle-lodge, Denbighshire, Jan. 22
T. Broady, druggist, Chester, Jan. 22—J. May, printer,
Redruth, Cornwall, Jan. 27-11. Gouldesbrough, share broker,
Manchester, Jan. 25—J. Tuckett, apothecary, Exeter,
Jan. 22—J. Turner, jeweller, Ludgate.hill, Jan. 22—F. F.
Phillips, coach maker, Bristol, Jan. 22—T. Bousfield, iron-
monger, Lincoln, Jan. 22—M. W. Osborne, grocer, Coventry,
Jan. 22-11. Crompton and M. I'rice, brickmakers, Shrigley,
Cheshire, Jan. 22—J. Plumley, builder, Reading, Jan. 22
D. and J. Burton, cotton spinners, Middleton, Lancashire,
Jan. 22.