The Sun.
London, England, 1847-03-25 00:00:00

MARIA CHRISTINA it appears divides her time
equally between the Church and the Stock Exchange,
praying and jobbing alternately. The Semaine
says:—

" Maria Christina, since her arrival in Paris, appears
to apply herself closely to ddevotion. She scarcely ever
quits her house, attends Divine service every morning
in her apartments, and keeps religiously all the observ-
ances of Lent. She receives but little company, and has
as yet been visited by only two of the diplomatic Ludy
—the Minister of Portugal, and the Belgian Ambassa-
dor. Nevertheless, she occupies herself much with her
private interests, and transacts business every day with
her stockbroker, her notary, and her judicial council,
composed of three persons, a magistrate of the Court of
Cessation, an advocate of the Royal Court, and a mem-
ber of the Council of State. It is even said the. the
Queen has submitted to her council several quest•ons
relative to her rights to the succession of Ferdinand VII.,
as well as the famous guardianship accounts, which have
given rise to so much discussion in the Corks "
According to the Courrier Francais, M. GUIZOT
is going to lionabourg during the stay of Prince
METTERNICH at Johannisberg. The Courrier asks,
" Where is to be placed the camp of the cloth of
gold ? The indiscretions uhich are sometimes com-
mitted at the Foreign office have not informed us
whether the interview between these two worthy
personages is not to take place at Johannisberg itself."
The journey to Johannisberg will be equal in interest
to the journey to the Ghent, and will not improbaWy
be attended with similar results, as far as systems are
concerned.

The Chamber of Deputies, on Monday, pro-
ceeded to elect a new Vice-President in the
room of M. HEBER; appointed Minister of Justice.
There were three candidates—M. DUPRAT on the
side of the Conservatives, M. DE MALLEVILLE on the
side of the Opposition, and M. DE tiELLETme on the
part of the section of the Conservatives, which does
not support the present Cabinet at all times, but which

is still more opposed to the Thiers party. At the
first ballot M. DUPRAT had 121 votes, M. DE MAL-
LEVILLE 101, and M. DE BELLEYME 33. At the
second ballot the result was nearly the same. At the
third ballot M. DE MALLEVILLE was elected by a
majority of one over M. DUPRAT, the ministerial
candidate, the numbers being, for M. DE MALLE-
VILLE 179, for M. DUPRAT 178. This is a severe
check to the Ministry, as M. DE MALLEVILLE was
formerly Secretary of State in the Cabinet of M.
TH lERS.

Corn riots still continue in the South and Western
Departments.
The Messager du Loiret of the 20th inst. states
that the following placard was posted on the gates of
the Town Hall of Saint-Ay on the 18th inst.:—
" The day of vengeance is arrived—we must have
bread, pillage, or death. You have no want of rich men
—kill them if they refuse to give you their money. Burn
their houses, and murder tneir wives. You know the
inhabitants who have sold their wine. You must go to
their houses. Pillage the cellars of the others—lear not
the gendarmes, you shall be supported. Moreover, us a
choice of deaths, it is better to die in killing than to die
of hunger. Courage—forward—pillage, blond, and
death for ever !"

A slight diminution in the price of flour and corn has
taken place in the markets in the neighbourhood of
Paris. M. DELANGLE has been appointed Attorney-
General in the room of M. HEBERT.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse, on
Monday, at 78f. 80e.; the Five per Cents., 116 f. 80c.;
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,270 f.; Rouen, 863 f. 75c.; Havre,
670 f.; Great Northern, 623 f. 75c. ; Avignon, 800 f. ; Vierzon,
565 f.; Bordeaux, 517 f. 50c.; Boulogne, 400 f.; Troyes and
Montereau, 295 f.; Basle, 205 f.; Paris and Strasburg, 443 f.
75c. ; Nantes, 433 f. 75c.; Paris and Lyons, 448 f. 75c. ; Lyons
and Avignon, 475 f.; Cette, 450 f.

LYONS, Maacit 20.—Paris and Rouen, 863 f. 75c.; Avig-
non and Marseilles, 7971. 50c.; Northern, 621 f. 25c.; Paris
and Lyons, 465 t.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Munn 23.
Boulogne and Amiens, 16%—Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette
(Constituted), 134—Dutch Rhenish, 4M—Namur and Liege, 434—
Paris and Lyons, 6%—Rouen and Havre, 27%.

THE REVENUE.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—It appears the quantity of British spirits con-
sumed in 1846 was 24,106,600 gallons; consequently,
the loss to the revenue was 9,039,9751., British spirits
paying halt the duty levied on foreign spirits. I have
no objection to a moderate protection to domestic in-
dustry—such, for instance, as Sir Robert Peel has given
the British sawyer, viz., 20 per cent. If the English
distiller bad no more protection (and why he should
nobody knows), the Exchequer would have been richer
by 5,423,9851., which would have enabled the Govern
inent to abolish the window-tax, the deity on bricks, and
several other most obj,ctionable imposts, even if t hey
dare not yet do justice to England by compelling pro-
perty in Ireland to pay the income-tax, which the Whigs
may depend they must do, or else go out after the next
general election. The Irish landlords have so disgusted
the English people, that few candidates will have a
chance without pledging themselves to do justice to
England.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant,
A CONSTANT READER.

IMPROVEMENT OF TOWNS.
TO TIIE IDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—Viscount Morpeth having introduced into the
House of Commons the subject of a Bill for consolidating
into one Act certain provisions usually contained in Acts
for paving, draining, cleansing, lighting, and improving
towns, I trust the Bill will contain a clause authorising
the rate-payers in such towns to elect the Commisiioners.
The want ut this power in local Acts hitherto obtained is
the cause of much just dissatisfaction, the Commissioners
being virtually self-elected.--Your obedient servant.
PUBLIC GOOD.

March 23, 1847.

FOOD OR FAMINE.
deep
ev
TO 7'HE ADI7OR OF HE SUN.
SIR,—We, throughout these realms, have met this
day to acknowledge that the famine of
rtheepreanstee with
year is
beyondwhi°
ihn Providenceit humanhas
lies
beeneokeptntr
our indicates
a ldthethe universal belief
that only
.hope for its alleviati, n.
Insect plagues have formed, from the earliest times,
the immediate cause of the destruction of vegetable
food, and the consequent production of famine. In this
respect our present disaster differs not from that of ante-
cedent periods of scarcity, and that which has been
formerly due to the locust, cockchafer, and caterpillar,
is now to be attributed to the vastatu and other species
of aphides.
As far as my observations extend, no vastatu is now
living out of doors, and no person can tell whether this
plague has passed away, or is again about to recur.
Fear of the disease must not, then, make us abandon
ourselves to despair, and leave our land uncultivated, as
that which is unsown cannot be reaped, that which is
not planted cannot afford fruit.
Famine now exists. Its subsequent pestilence is be-
ginning to appear. Itis, then, now high time, not only
to regard scarcity, but to look to the probability of
future want. Our land is untitled in many parts of the
country, seeds cannot be procured in others, and the
potato crop, the great resource of Ireland, is abandoned,
as though it were to fail for ever.
There is no evidence to show that the potato, rather
than the wheat, carrot, or any other plant, will perish
this year; and from the great produce which the potato
affords, and the poverty of the land which suffices for its
culture, it forms a very eligible crop to be planted to the
ordinary extent.
Potato tubers are now scarce, and high in price. Any
attempt to buy, them extensively for seed, would double
or treble their cost, unless those who still use this
vegetable will cease to employ it for food. It becomes
now, then, highly desirable that all who use potatoes
should at once abandon them for this season.
By ceasing to use potatoes, they would preserve tha,
which should yield food and prevent famine next year,
and
.by eating them they are tending to aggravate the
scarcity, and cause the death of numbers by destroying
their food.

Let every householder at once substitute other food
for the potato this year, for if there are none to buy
there can be none to sell, and there are now a sufficient
abundance of good tubers for planting if no more be
used. Their present application for food should be pro-
hibited, if not by an Order in Council or Act of Parlia-
ment, by that which is more powerful than law—universal
public opinion. The preservation of the lives of our
fellow-creatures is at stake, and I feel confident that xll
will abstain from potatoes when they hear that such
abstinence is eminently calculated, at this season, to
prevent the poor from perishing from want next year.
Having stopped their (employment as a luxury at this
time, they should be sent directly to Ireland, and freely
distributed among the poor for
planting; and the sorts
now to be met with in the London market are far
superior to those heretofore cultivated by these unhappy
people, and are far better adapted to resist the ravages
of the vastatu, should it unfortunately again appear.
Sets from former healthy plants which I have culti-
vated this year in my friends' greenhouses are now per-
fectly healthy, showing that healthy sets and absence of
the vastatu will ensure the usual abundant produce.
In the event of the reappearance of the destroying in
sect, I trust and believe that. under the blessing of Pro-
vidence, I shall be enabled to give a simple and effectual
plan for its complete eradication:
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
ALFRED SME E.
7, Finsbury-circus, March 24, 1847.

1 AN EXPERIENCED BRIDE.—AD old woman, named
Wigan, 87 years of age, residing at Eve-hill, Dudley,
was on Monday last taken to the hymeneal altar, for the
fourth time, each of her husbands being pensioners.
The last husband died about six weeks ago, and the
present one was at the funeral, immediately after which
/he :Batch was made.—Ten Towns' Messenger.

THURSDAY MORNING,
to her ancient literature ; complicated dramas,, strange
intrigues, mysteries, surprises, unexpected changes ;
such is the policy which at present governs this na-
tion since we have meddled with it. M. Guizot prays
to God that Isabella may have an heir ; M. Thiers has
joined his fervent devotion to that of his rival. The
Queen is not ungrateful ; she knows what she owes to
France ; sho is anxious to pay her debt ; if she can be
agreeable to us she will."

MARCH 25,

COURT CIRCULAR.
The Queen and Prince Albert, the Duchess of Kent,
the Ladies and Gentlemen of the Court, and the Do-
mestic Household, attended Divine service yesterday
morning in the private Chapel at Buckingham Palace.
The Bishop of Oxford preached the sermon. The Hon.
and Rev. C. Leslie Courtenay officiated at the service.
Lady Augusta Bruce was in waiting on the Duchess
of Kent.

Her Majesty and her Royal Consort took their usual
early walk yesterday.
The Royal Family took their accustomed airings
yesterday in the Gardens of Buckingham Palace.
Her Majesty the Queen Dowager and his Royal High-
ness the Duke of Cambridge, attended Divine service
yesterday morning in the Chapel Royal, St. James's.
The prayers were read by the Rev. Mr. Helmore, the
lessons by the Rev. Mr. Repton, and the Communion
Service by the Bishop of London and the Sub- Dean.
the sermon was preached by the Bishop of London.
The Queen Dowager was attended by the Marchioness
of Ormonde, Lady in Waiting ; the Hon. Miss Mitchell,
Maid of Honour in Waiting, and the Vice-Chamberlain.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge
and the Princess Mary, attended Divine service yester-
day morning in St. Michael's Church, Chester square.
Baroness Hammerstein and Mr. Edmond Mildmay.were
in waiting on the Royal Duchess. The Duchess of Cam-
bridge alto attended the evening service.

ROYAL HIBERNIAN BALL IN AID
OF THE FUNDS FOR THE DESTITUTE
IRISH.

We are rejoiced to find that a ball in aid of the funds
for the desritute Irish is to take place at Willis's Rooms,
on Wednesday, the 7th of April. The ball is under the
patronage of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and
Duchess of Cambridge and the elite of the aristocracy.
The Rooms will, no doubt, be crowded, and the funds
proportionably benefited. On such an occasion every
Irish uentlernan and lady in London must feel it their
bounden duty to be present, for it appeals irresistibly to
the warmest and best feelings of the heart—nationality
and charity; and what Irishman will not respond to
such an appeal?

NAVAL CAPITAL OFFENCES,

The following is a list of " Crimes punishable with
death" in the Navy ; being the 21st clause of the Mu-
tiny Bill now before the House of Commons:—
" That if any person who is or shall be commissioned
or in pay as an officer of Royal Marines, or who is or
shall be listed or in pay as a non commissioned officer,
drummer, or private man in her Majesty's Royal Ma-
rine Forces, shall at any time during the continuance of
this Act, while on shine in any place within the said
kingdom, or in any other of her Majesty's dominions,
or in any foreign parts out of such dominions, or on
board any transport ship or merchant ship or ves-
sel, or any ship or vessel of her Majesty, or on board
any convict hulk or ship, or any other ship or vessel,
or in any place whatever, where or while being in
any circumstances in which he shall not be subject
to, or not be liable or punishable by, the laws
relating to the government of her Majesty's forces
by sea begin, excite, cause or join in any mutiny or
sedition in her Majesty's marine or other forces, or
shall not use his utmost endeavours to suptiress any
such mutiny or sedition, or, coming to the knowledge
of any mutiny or intended mutiny, shall not, without
delay, give information thereof to his commanding offi-
cer, or shall misbehave himself before the enemy, or
shall shamefully abandon or deliver up any garrison,
fortress, post, or guard committed to his charge, or
which he shall be commanded to defend, or shall com-
pel the governor or commanding officer of any garrison,
fortress, or post, to deliver up to the enemy, or to
abandon the same, or shall speak words or use any other
means to induce such governor or commanding officer,
or any other, to misbehave before the enemy, or shame•
fully to abandon or deliver up any garrison, fortress,
post, or guard committed to their respective charge, or
which he or they shall be commanded to defend, or
shall leave his post, before relieved, or shall be found
sleeping on his post, or hold correspondence with, or
give adviee or intelligence to any rebel, pirate, or
enemy of her Majesty, either by letters, messages, signs,
tokens, or any other ways or means whatever, or shall
treat or enter into any terms with any such rebel, pirate,
or enemy, with the license of the Lord High Admiral of
the said United Kingdom, or the Commissioners for
executing the office of Lord High Admiral aforesaid
for the time being, or shall strike, or use, or offer any
violence against his superior officer, being in the execu-
tion of his office, or shall disobey any lawful comnand
of his superior officer, or who, being confined in a mili-
tary prison, shall offer any violence against a visitor or
other officer being in the execution of this office, or shall
violate any law or regulation of or relating to any mili-
tary prison, or shall desert her Majesty's service, every
person so offending in any of the matters before men-
tiones shall suffer death, or such other punishment as
by a uurt-martial shall be awarded."

LI TERA. T LIRE.
THE HISTORY OF' ENGLAND during Thirty
Years Peace. By Charles Knight. Au. IV.
After an interval of nearly twelve months, Mr.
Knight resumes his valuable historical labours. The
work, he tells us, will be completed in one volume
of 1,000 pages. The present volume contains the
history of the year 1817—of the suspension of the
Habeas Corpus Act, of the atrocious spy system of
Sidmouth, and of the numerous State trials of that
year, which will be ever memorable for the death of
the Princess Charlotte and the acquittal of Hone.
The trials of Hone are thus graphically described by
Mr. Knight :
"On the morning of the 18th of December there is a
considerable crowd round the avenues of Guildhall. An
obscure bookseller, a man of no substance or respecta-
bility in worldly eyes, is to bo tried fel- libel. He vends
his wares in a little shop in the Old Bailey, where there
are, strangely mingled, twopenny political pamphlets,
and old harmless folios that the poor publisher keeps
for his especial reading as he sits in his dingy back
parlour. The door-keepers and officers of the court
scarcely know what is going to happen ; for the table
within the bar has not the usual covering of crimson
bags, but ever and anon a dingy boys arrives with an
armful of books of all ages and sixes, and the whole table
is strewed with dusty and tattered volumes that the
ushers are quite sure have no law within their mouldy
covers. A middle-aged man,—a bland and smiling
man,—with a half sad half merry twinkle in his eye,—
a seedy man, to use an expressive word, whose black coat
is wondrous brown and threadbare,—takes his place at
the table, and begins to turn over the books which were
his heralds. Sir Samuel Shepherd, the Attornez
General, takes his seat; and looks coinpa-sionately. us
was his nature to do, at the pale man in threadbare
black. Mr. Justice Abbott arrives in due time; a
special jury is sworn; the pleadings are opened;
the Attorney General states the case against
William Hone, for printing and publishing an
impious and profane libel upon the Catechism,
the Lord's Prayer, and the Ten Command-
ments, thereby bringing into contempt the Christian re-
ligion. "It may be said," argued the Attorney-General,
" that the Defendant's object was not to produce this
effect. I believe that he meant it, in one sense, as a
political squib ; but his responsibility is not the less."
As the Attorney-General proceeded to read passages
from the parody upon the Catechism, the crowd in
court laughed ; the bench was indignant ; and the At-
torney-General said, the laugh was the fullest proof of
the baneful effect of the defendant's publication. And
so the trial went on in the smoothest way, and the case
for the prosecution was closed. Then the pale man in
black rose, and with a faltering voice set forth the diffi-
culty he had in addressing the Court, and how his
poverty prevented him obtaining counsel. And now he
began to warm in the recital of what he thought his
wrongs ; his commitments ; his hurried :calls to plead ;
the expense of copies of the informations against him ;
—and as Mr. Justice Abbott, with perfect gentleness,
but with his cold formality, interrupted him, the timid
man, whom all thought would have mumbled forth a
hasty defence, grew bolder and bolder, and in a short
time had possession of his audience as if he were some
well-graced actor' who was there to receive the tribute
of popular admiration. They were not to inquire
whether he were a member of the Established Church
or a Dissenter ; it was enough that he professed himself'
to be a Christian ; and he would be bold to say, that he
made that profession with a reverence for the doctrines
of Christianity which could not be exceeded by any
person in that court. He had his books about him, and
it was from them that he must draw his defence. They
had been the solace of his life. He was tee, much at-
tached to his books to part with them. As to parodies,
they were as old at least as the invention of ;
and he never beard of a prosecution for a parody, either
religious or any other. There were two kinds of paro-
dies ; one in which a man migeit convey ludicrous or
ridiculous ideas relative to some other subject ; the other
where it was meant to ridicule the thing parodied. The
latter was not the case here, and therefore he had not
brought religion into contempt' This was the gist of
William Hone's defence. To show fully how this argu-
ment was worked,—with what readiness, what coolness,
what courage,—would be to transcribe the trials of three
days ; on the first of which the defendant spoke six
hours, on the second seven hours, and opt the last eight
hours. It was in vain that the Attorney General urged
that to bring forward any previous parody was the same
thing as if a person charged with obscenity should pro-
duce obscene volumes in his defence. It was in vain that
Mr. Justice Abbott repeated his wish that the defendant
would not read such things. On he went, till iwer.-
ruption was held to be in vain. it was worse than vain;
it was unjust. Truly did Hone reply to Mr. Justice
Abbott, My Lord, your Loidship's observation is in
the very spirit of what Pope Leo the Tenth said to
Martin Luther,—' For God's sake don't say a word
about the indulgences and the monasteries, and I'll
give you a living ;'—thus precluding him from men-
tioning the very thing in dispute. I must go on with
these parodies, or I cannot go on with my defence.'
Undauntedly he went on, from the current literature
of the time, such as grave lawyers read in their few
hours of recreation, to the forgotten volumes of old
theology and polemical controversy, that the said grave
lawyers of modern days are accustomed to regard as
useless lumber. The editor of Blackwood's Magazine
was a parodist,—he parodied a chapter of Ezekiel;
Martin Luther was a parodist—he parodied the first
Psalm; Bishop Latimer was a parodist, and so was Dr.
Boys, Dean of Canterbury; the author of the Rolliad'
was a parodist; and so was Mr. Canning. Passage after
passage did Hone read from author atter author. He
thought it was pretty clear that Martin Luther did not
mean to ridicule the Psalms; that Dr. Boys did not
mean to ridicule the Lord's Prayer; that Mr. Canning
did not mean to ridicule the Scriptures. Why, then,
should it be presumed, that he had such an intention?
As soon as he found that his parodies had been deemed
offensive, he had suppressed them, and that he had done
long before his prosecution. It was in vain that the
Attorney General replied that Martin Luther was a
libeller, and Dr. Boys was a libeller. The judge
charged the jury in vain. William Hone was acquitted,
after a quarter of an hour's deliberation."
" But Guildhall saw another sight.' With the next
morning's fog, the fiery Lord Chief Justice rose from his
bed, and with lowering brow took his place in that
judgment-seat which he deemed had been too merciful!)
filled on the previous day. The mild fitmeess of the
poor publisher, and his gentlemanly sense of the
absence of harshness in the conduct of his first
trial, had won for him something like respect: and
when on one occasion Mr. Justice Abbott asked him to
forbear reading a particular parody, and the defendant
said, Your Lordship and I understand each other, and
we have gone on so good-humouredly hitherto, that I
will not break in upon our harmony,' it became clear
that the puisne judge was not the man to enforce a ver-
dict of guilty on the second trial. Again Mr. Bone
entered the court with his load of books, on Friday, the
19th of December. He was this day indicted for pub-
lishing an impieus and profane libel, called The Litany,
or General Supplication.' Again the Attorney-General
affirmed that whatever might be the object of the de-
fendant, the publication had the effect of scoffing at the
public service of 'the Church. Again the defendant
essayed to read from his books, which course he con-
tended was essentially necessary for his defence. Then
began a contest which is perhaps unparalleled in an
English court of justice. Upon Mr. Fox's Libel Bill,
upon ex officio informations, upon his right to copies of
the indictment without extravagant charges, the de
Pendant battled his judge,—imperfect in his law, no
doubt, but with a firmness and moderation that rode over
every attempt to put him down. Parody after parody
was again produced, and especially those parodies of the
Litany which the Cavaliers employed so frequently as
vehicles of satire upon the Roundheads and Puritans.
The Lord Chief Justice at length gathered up his
exhausted strength for his charge ; and concluded in a
strain that left but little hope for the defendant : He
would deliver the jury his solemn opinion as he was
required by Act of Parliament to do ; and under the
authority of that Act, and still more in obedience to his
conscience and his God, he pronounced this to be a most
impious and profane libel. Believing and hoping that
they, the jury, were Christians, he had not any doubt
but that they would be of the same opinion.' The jury,
in an nour and a half, returned a verdict of Not Guilty.
" It might have been expected that these prosecutions
would have here ended. But the chance of a convic-
tion from a third jury, upon a third indictment, was to
be risked. On the 20th of December, Lord Ellen-
borough again took his seat on the bench, and the ex-
hausted defendant came late into court, pale and agi•
tilted. The Attorney General remarked upon his ap-
pearance, and offered to postpone the proceedings. The
courageous man made his election to go on. This third.
indictment was for publishing a parody on the Creed of
St. Athanasius, called The Sinecurist's Creed.' After
the Attorney-General had finished his address, Mr.
Hone asked for five minutes' delay, to arranger the few
thoughts he had been commiting to paper. 'she Judge
refused the small concession ; but said he would postpone
the proceedings to another day, if the defendant would
request the Court so to do. The scene which ensued
was thoroughly No ! I make no such re-
quest. My Lord, lam very glad to see your Lordship
here to-day, because I feel I sustainedan injury from
your Lordship yesterday—an injurywhich I did not
expect to sustain. •• If his Lordship should
think proper, on this trial to-day, to deliver his opinion,
I hope that opinion will. be coolly and dispassionately
execpersessasreyd .
My Lord, I think it
to
oy mhiaskLe Lordship. My .here. I cannot say what
your Lordship may consider to be necessary interrup-
tion,n but your Lordship interrupted me a great many
times yesterday, and then said you would interrupt me
no more, and yet your Lordship did interrupt me after-
wards ten times as much. , Gentlemen, it is you
who are trying me to-day, His Lordship is no judge of
me. You are my judges, and you only are my judges.
His Lordship sits there to receive your verdict. . • I will not say what his Lordship:did yesterday; but I
trust his Lordship to-day will give his opinion coolly
and dispassionately, without using either expression or
gesture which
could be construed as conveying an en-
treaty to the jury to think as he did. I hope the jury
will not be beseeched into a verdict of guilty.' The
triumph of the weak over the powerful was complete.
' The frame of adamant and soul of fire,' as the bio-
grapher of Lord Sidmouth terms the Chief Justice,
quailed before the indomitable courage of a man who
was roused into energies which would seem only to be
long to the master-spirits that have swayed the world.
Yet this was a man who, in the ordinary business of
life, was incapable of enterprise and persevering exer-
tion ; who lived in the nooks and corners of his anti-
quarianism ; who was one that even his old political
opponents came to regard as a gentle and innocuous
hunter after " all such reading as was never read ;" who
in a few years gave up his politics altogether, and,
de-
voting himself to his old poetry and his old divinity,
passed a quarter of a century after this conflict in peace
with all mankind, and died the sub-editor of a religious

journal. h -yas towards the close of this remarkable
trial, that the Judge, aho came eager to condemn, sued
for pity to his intended victim. The defendant quoted
Warburton and Tillotson, as doubters of the authenticitl
of the A thanasian Creed. ' Even his Lordship's father,
the Bishop of Carlisle, he believed, took a sir ar vie%
of the Creed.' And then the Judge solemnly said'
Whatever that opinion was, he has one many year
ago, where he has bad to account for his 'belief and Ill°
opinions For common delicacy forbear.
'O, my Lord, I shall certainly forbear.' Grave and tern:
per ate was the charge to the jury this day and in 90
minutes they had returned a verdict of Not Guilty."

THE ORIGINAL HISTORY OF ANCIENT
AAI E R1(,44, anterior to the time of Columbus, prowl;
the Identity of the Aborigines with the Tyrians
into
Israelites, and the Introduction of Christianity gL„
Western Hemisphere by the Apostle St homas. Pe
George Jones, .Esq., M.R.S., F.S. V. Vol. 1., The
Tyrian ./Era.
11 hit. there is no portion of a reviewer's duty nor:
painful than to expose ignorance and presumption,
there is no part of his vocation which confers greater
pleasure than in rendering a just homage to intellee:
tual energy, and high morality. When to these nll
tural qualities are superadded those of classical attain"
si
ments and general accomplishments, with an tineseh
power of argumentative reasoning, sustained tbroeffei
the medium of a poetical style and language, we us
that much pleasure has been reserved for
~43
in noticing the above original work, from t°,
pen of Mr. Jones. The very title seems, at the firs;
glance, a strange anomaly. It has hitherto seemed
that there were my portions of the history of mankindt
that had escaped the pen of historians; yet the present
author unfurls his banner boldly, and justly claiegats
new ground on which to hurl his classic spear. A
where is the 1-eality of a people not heretofore defief
as to their origin ? The reply is Ancient Alnert;
This seems as strange as the claim to have writ'
and defined in this age, and, for the first time, an onio
ginal historical theory. Yet we are compelled to
to
award the high merit of the success obtained, in ~
most triumphant and enthusiastic manner, and in lan'
guage classic and poetical. We are compelled, we
say, to award to Mr. Jones the singular merit of aea'
complishing, by the lahour and research of years, an
by sound argument, founded on inductive reasoning,
a perfect triumph as to the truth of his extraordieall
proposition. The volume now before us goes far to
establish the fact, that the Tyrians were the abort,
pines of ancient America; and five prophecies of
Isaiah are quoted, which the author, with great inge'
nuity, argues to be fulfilled by the proofs of al,
Tyrian mra. The period of the first peopling °'
the Western Continent contended for in this remark'
able volume is no less than 332 years B.Oci
Yet remote as is this antiquity, the author, by sound
argument, profound learning, and scientific know'ledge, compels an assent to the truth of his proposi-
tion, and by his bold attempt, and by the energy .of
an original mind, has achieved a 'haven for his
reA np
cu
iteant it s
thoer y
sa s
ct
or ul
ul yrn
st h
ise ollf i stchoev el :11. of
land
of
theth e
Western hemisphere." We had at first our inisgi"
ings that the author could not claim the qualities net
cessary for a successful historian. His poetic style
and flights of fancy made us fearful of a lasting result,
but we were agreeably surprised. The commence:
ment of the volume is a complete snare to entrap the
reader to the analysis of the ruined cities ; and that
analysis is founded upon scientific knowledge of thel
fine arts. The volume concludes in the same Will
of romance—the romance of truth, to which fiction 11
but a torch-bearer. The interest becomes a continent
excitement. Facts are scattered throughout like;
jewels upon a mantle—valuable and brilliant; and,t f
more so, for that they are taken from the casket,
_oA
religion, and the archives of holy truth ; and we elos`-
the volume with the conclusion, that the author Po'
sesses the essentials of a successful historian.
What a field of contemplation does not this velure
unfold Hitherto unknown cities buried in
Western hemisphere—the mouldering and time for'
gotten temples and palaces of past centuries, bags
been brought to light and forced to disclose theirL
mysterious origin. Two thousand years had pol
oblivion seemed to have placed her unmottoed it
upon those splendid relics of the art of man. lb
charmed seal is broken by the wand of know',*
ledge, and beneath its fragments are read the
historic records in the sculptured language of tv''
arts, in all their beauty of detail, and in the Yell
majesty of their grandeur.
The review by Mr. Jones, in the volume before 04:
of the assertion, " that the original architects a 4',
now ruined temples had no foreign origin, but sprung
up indigenous' to the Western Continent," is
masterpiece of criticism, and proves that Mr. Jolt?.
had the correct knowledge necessary to criticise
temples and ruins themselves. Literally, not a stone
:
of the foundation of the proposition is left unturnm,..
the sandy base is completely unfolded, and all this t;
done with good nature and respect for the
feelings of the author whose theory he is examPeiresi:l3;
work eitnsoelwr, propose
order
otoguivnefoal
dfetwheqtuhoetoart
language of the author. The followiii:nssistfifiro'nl:ital
portion of the prefatory remarks, expressive of his
intent to write in a warm and fluent style, rather
than with the pen of " the ice-brook temper." The
extract briefly illustrates, also, what an accumulated
amount of knowledge the reader is to receive, de'
rived from a vivid mind, engaged for many years
upon the subject-matter of the entire history.
" Knowit g from experience that works upon anti'
quities, described in language cold as the marbles they
illustrate, are not of deep interest _to the general
reader, the author has avoided the usual frigid style.
awrlrdhas a placed i
their
around l them
characters
demanded. In ch•lineating also the history of Tyrus,
the chief events only are given ; and being rendered.
with the artistical pages con amore, the poetry of
.11167
it;;ryt,haemrletalodtt.ri.ts dTrhyispr
no c
be qualities, aslei teine s
such
hfear;enLtahnodrisgeldow and
ill
descrip-
d
tient; of the classic remains, battles, and voyages, and
especially, for instance, in resuscitating the ruins of
Rome, and in the celebrated Tyrian siege by Alexander
in
of Macedon ; but in this style of writing (it is sub'
milted) received
mated) the author has not lost sight of that high
solemity demanded by the philosophy of history with"
out which, memorials of past ages, or of our fathers:
would be useless. To give a list of works consulted
during fifteen years in America, and more immediately
for the last two years in England, while writing the
Tyrian aerie would be pedantic; but no author, sacred or
profane, from the first lawgiver to the present time';
having even a remote reference to the western hen"-
sphere, has been knowingly omitted ; yet being profes-
sedly an original work, the volume of the brain has been
more largely extracted from than any writer whose
works are airs ady before that public to whose final
judgment (upon its merits or demerits) the present,
author submits the " History of Ancient America
all humility, but he will yield to none in the conscie".
tious heliet of the truth of the startling proposition*
and the consequent historic conclusions.
The following unfolds the three branches of the
complete History (one volume of which is already
given to the public, viz., the Tyrian era), and On
original proposition of separating the aborigines into
two distinct races, upon which fact is based the four
dations of the historic edifice :
"In the prefatory remarks to the forthcoming wot
upon the chieftain Tecumseh, 'the following language
used, and we avail ourselves of the privilege of extraCe
ing from our store house materials for the commence'
went of this new historical campaign:—The courteong
reader in tracing tee fate of Tecumseh, as depicted ill
the pages of his life, will not fail to observe the strong,
analogy between the religious sentiments of the chief 0'
the forest, and those of the ancient Hebrews. The
language as uttered by Tecumseh is not written to op'
hold a theory of the brain, but gathered from she
archives of a people's history, to support a theory of
apparent truth. The present writer will not yield to any'
man in the firm beliet that the aborigines of North Awe'
rice (but North America only) and the ancient Israelites
are identical, unless controverted by the stern authority
of superior historical deductions. We therefore have
formed an origins! theory in reference to the natives Of
the North and those of South and Central America,
together with the newly-discovered ruined cities in and
around Gaatamala, and by that theory have separated
into two distinct races or people, the aborigines of the
western hemisphere. The lately recovered ruins, cities,
arid temples, in Central America, and of which 00
ancient record is to be found, have shattered the chain
of acknowledged history to atoms ; and until that chitin
is again united by a firmly established theory, education
herself must pause ere she can, with the wand of truth,
point to her rising children the history of the world or
its inhabitants. Suspicion has asserted that all the
natives of the continent of Columbus might probably
have been originally of Hebrew extraction. The assertion
has been male in doubt and trembling ; for writers have
been confounded by essential contrasts in the religious
customs of North and South America ; there were al
analogies between them, which circumstance should
have compelled historians to pursue another path of iii;
quiry, and to obtain a conclusive truth ; but they found
a Gordian knot whica they could not unravel, Sod'
assuming the impatient weapon of Alexander, they de-
stroyed it. The architecture, however, of the rums of
Copan, Palenque, TJxmal, and their time-honoured 55'
sociates, has furnished a rosette stone' to aid the new
translation of the hieroglyphical history of (now) An'
cient America ; and if our theory is true, not only have
the Islaelites walked the land where the sun bestows
his last smile, but another nation (in which was retained
the primitive language of the diluvian world) previously
trod that soil as aborigines ; and beyond all this,, if
our thread of Ariadne lead us faithfully, if not the Al'
mighty father, who gave the thought, will pardon its
application : yes, beyond all the bounding feelings leap-
ing at events, at once classic and venerated, do we con-
template another branch of our theory ; for if we not
write in error—and our perfect faith assures us that
we do not—then the trembling hand which sought in
doubt the Saviour's wounds has been outstretched in
sacred oratory even in those southern wilds ; the bold
yet conquered voice, which uttered in hallowed and
confirmed faith, My Lord and my God,' has given
forth its missioned eloquence even in the western hemi-
sphere, and there the ashes of that Apostle may yet
repose.'

The author then proceeds to discourse in the fol-
lowing eloquent manner upon the two races of
people—as newly divided by him, and sustained
throughout by his arguments. The most `superficial